FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Hazen, BT Overstreet, RE Wang, YC AF Hazen, Benjamin T. Overstreet, Robert E. Wang, Yacan TI Predicting Public Bicycle Adoption Using the Technology Acceptance Model SO SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Article DE bicycle-sharing; technology acceptance; perceived quality; structural equation modeling; urban transportation; green logistics ID USER ACCEPTANCE; PERCEIVED VALUE; INFORMATION-TECHNOLOGY; SERVICE; QUALITY; SYSTEMS; SCHEME; DIFFUSION; MEDIATION; IMPACT AB Bicycle sharing programs provide a sustainable mode of urban transportation. Although cities across the globe have developed these systems for their citizens and visitors, usage rates are not as high as anticipated. This research uses the technology acceptance model as the basis to understand one's intention to adopt bicycle sharing programs. Using survey data derived from 421 participants in Beijing, China, the proposed covariance-based structural equation model consisting of perceived quality, perceived convenience, and perceived value is found to predict 50.5% of the variance in adoption intention. The findings of this research contribute to theory and practice in the burgeoning literature on public bicycle systems and sustainable urban transportation by offering a theoretical lens through which to consider system adoption, and providing information to practitioners as to what factors might contribute most to adoption. C1 [Hazen, Benjamin T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mkt & Supply Chain Management, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hazen, Benjamin T.; Overstreet, Robert E.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, Yacan] Beijing Jiaotong Univ, Dept Econ, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China. RP Wang, YC (reprint author), Beijing Jiaotong Univ, Dept Econ, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China. EM hazen@utk.edu; robert.overstreet@us.af.mil; ycwang@bjtu.edu.cn OI Overstreet, Robert/0000-0002-5047-2415 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [71390334]; National Social Science Foundation of China [13ZD026]; Humanity and Social Science Youth Foundation of Ministry of Education of China [13YJCZH186]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China [2014JBM046, 2013JBZ019] FX This research was funded by "Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (71390334)", "Key Project of National Social Science Foundation of China (13&ZD026)", "Humanity and Social Science Youth Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (13YJCZH186)" and "Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (2013JBZ019, 2014JBM046)". NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 21 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2071-1050 J9 SUSTAINABILITY-BASEL JI Sustainability PD NOV PY 2015 VL 7 IS 11 BP 14558 EP 14573 DI 10.3390/su71114558 PG 16 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DC2ZR UT WOS:000369088600007 ER PT J AU Wang, ZH Blasch, E Chen, GS Shen, D Lin, XP Pham, K AF Wang, Zhonghai Blasch, Erik Chen, Genshe Shen, Dan Lin, Xingping Pham, Khanh TI A Low-Cost, Near-Real-Time Two-UAS-Based UWB Emitter Monitoring System SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID FDOA MEASUREMENTS; LOCATION; LOCALIZATION; TDOA C1 [Wang, Zhonghai; Chen, Genshe; Shen, Dan; Lin, Xingping] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Pham, Khanh] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87114 USA. RP Wang, ZH (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, 20271 Goldenrod Lane,Suite 2066, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. EM zwang@intfusiontech.com; erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil; gchen@intfusiontech.com; dshen@intfusiontech.com; slin@intfusiontech.com; khanh.pham.1@us.af.mil FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [W31P4Q12C0128] FX The authors appreciate guidance, comments, and feedback from Dr. Daniel Purdy. The work was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under contract W31P4Q12C0128. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Air Force Research Laboratory or the U.S. government. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8985 EI 1557-959X J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 30 IS 11 BP 4 EP 11 DI 10.1109/MAES.2015.140219 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA DB3ZA UT WOS:000368451200001 ER PT J AU Sasikumar, A Arehart, AR Via, GD Winningham, B Poling, B Heller, E Ringel, SA AF Sasikumar, A. Arehart, A. R. Via, G. D. Winningham, B. Poling, B. Heller, E. Ringel, S. A. TI Identification of an RF degradation mechanism in GaN based HEMTs triggered by midgap traps SO MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE Gallium nitride; High electron mobility transistors (HEMTs); Traps; Degradation; Reliability; Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS); Deep level optical spectroscopy (DLOS) ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; IMPACT; STATES AB Quantitative defect spectroscopy was performed on low gate leakage operational S-band GaN HEMTs before and after RF accelerated life testing (ALT) to investigate and quantify potential connections between the evolution of observed traps and RF output power loss in these HEMTs after stressing. Constant drain current deep level transient spectroscopy and deep level optical spectroscopy (CID-DLTS and CID-DLOS, respectively) were used to interrogate thermally-emitting traps (CID-DLTS) and deeper optically-stimulated traps (CID-DLOS) so that the entire bandgap can be probed systematically before and after ALT. Using drain-controlled CID-DLTS/DLOS, with which traps in the drain access region are resolved, it is found that an increase in the concentration of a broad range of deep states between E-C-1.6 to 3.0 eV, detected by CID-DLOS, causes a persistent increase in on-resistance of similar to 0.22 Omega-mm, which is a likely source for the 1.2 dB reduction in RF output power that was observed after stressing. In contrast, the combined effect of the upper bandgap states at E-C-0.57 and E-C-0.72 eV, observed by CID-DLTS, is responsible for only similar to 10% of the on-resistance increase. These results demonstrate the importance of discriminating between traps throughout the entire bandgap with regard to the relative roles of individual traps on degradation of GaN HEMTs after ALT. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sasikumar, A.; Arehart, A. R.; Ringel, S. A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Via, G. D.; Winningham, B.; Heller, E.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Poling, B.] Wyle Labs, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Ringel, SA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM ringel.5@osu.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-13-1-0796, N00014-09-1-0242] FX The work at the Ohio State University was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research under contracts N00014-13-1-0796 and N00014-09-1-0242. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0026-2714 J9 MICROELECTRON RELIAB JI Microelectron. Reliab. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 55 IS 11 BP 2258 EP 2262 DI 10.1016/j.microrel.2015.07.048 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA CZ7LY UT WOS:000367282100016 ER PT J AU Zahadat, N Blessner, P Blackburn, T Olson, BA AF Zahadat, Nima Blessner, Paul Blackburn, Timothy Olson, Bill A. TI BYOD security engineering: A framework and its analysis SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT Article DE Mobile Device Management system (MDM); Mobile security; Bring Your Own Device (BYOD); Policy management; BYOD Security Framework; BYOD Lifecycle ID INFORMATION SECURITY; MANAGEMENT AB With the rapid increase of smartphones and tablets, security concerns have also been on the rise. Employees find it desirable to use personal mobile devices for their work and make no distinction between using their carriers' services versus their organizations' Wi-Fi. Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) is an extension of corporate networks and thus it is essential to secure BYODs to protect enterprise networks (Wang and Vangury, 2014). In this paper, risks of allowing BYOD balanced by its benefits will be examined. The paper has three overarching objectives. The first is to address the security concerns of BYOD, which necessitate technology, policy management, and people integration instead of the traditional technology alone approach. The second is to propose a BYOD Security Framework as the solution to BYOD security concerns. The framework has three pillars: People, Policy Management, and Technology. It will be demonstrated that these three pillars are necessary in order to secure BYOD implementations in enterprises.The final objective is to validate the framework. This is done via an empirical survey conducted on a pool of 114 industry security practitioners. The resulting dataset is analyzed to dAUg etermine the association between the level of the BYOD Security Framework elements being de facto implemented in organizations and the frequency of security breaches associated with BYOD in those organizations to confirm key elements of the framework. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zahadat, Nima] George Washington Univ, US Air Force, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Zahadat, Nima] George Washington Univ, Syst Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Blessner, Paul] George Washington Univ, Engn Management & Syst Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Blackburn, Timothy; Olson, Bill A.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Zahadat, N (reprint author), George Washington Univ, US Air Force, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM nzahadat@gwu.edu; pbless@gwu.edu; timb@gwmail.gwu.edu; bolson@gwu.edu NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 13 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 EI 1872-6208 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 55 BP 81 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.cose.2015.06.011 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA CZ5ED UT WOS:000367124400005 ER PT J AU Mangina, RS Enloe, CL Font, GI AF Mangina, R. S. Enloe, C. L. Font, G. I. TI Dielectric barrier discharge-based plasma actuator operation in artificial atmospheres for validation of modeling and simulation SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article AB We present an experimental case study of time-resolved force production by an aerodynamic plasma actuator immersed in various mixtures of electropositive (N-2) and electronegative gases (O-2 and SF6) at atmospheric pressure using a fixed AC high-voltage input of 16 kV peak amplitude at 200 Hz frequency. We have observed distinct changes in the discharge structures during both negative-and positive-going voltage half-cycles, with corresponding variations in the actuator's force production: a ratio of 4:1 in the impulse produced by the negative-going half-cycle of the discharge among the various gas mixtures we explored, 2:1 in the impulse produced by the positive-going half-cycle, and cases in which the negative-going half-cycle dominates force production (by a ratio of 1.5:1), where the half-cycles produce identical force levels, and where the positive-going half cycle dominates (by a ratio of 1:5). We also present time-resolved experimental evidence for the first time that shows electrons do play a significant role in the momentum coupling to surrounding neutrals during the negative going voltage half-cycle of the N-2 discharge. We show that there is sufficient macroscopic variation in the plasma that the predictions of numerical models at the microscopic level can be validated even though the plasma itself cannot be measured directly on those spatial and temporal scales. C1 [Mangina, R. S.; Enloe, C. L.; Font, G. I.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Mangina, RS (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research through National Research Council [FA9550-12-D-0001]; U.S. Air Force Academy FX One of the author's (R.S.M.) senior fellowship was sponsored by Air Force Office of Scientific Research through National Research Council under contract (No. FA9550-12-D-0001) with U.S. Air Force Academy. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2015 VL 22 IS 11 AR 114502 DI 10.1063/1.4935380 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CX9VX UT WOS:000366054900092 ER PT J AU Camberos, JA Kolonay, RM Eastep, FE Taylor, RF AF Camberos, J. A. Kolonay, R. M. Eastep, F. E. Taylor, R. F. TI An efficient method for predicting zero-lift or boundary-layer drag including aeroelastic effects for the design environment SO AERONAUTICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB One of the aerospace design engineer's goals aims to reduce drag for increased aircraft performance, in terms of range, endurance, or speed in the various flight regimes. To accomplish this, the designer must have rapid and accurate techniques for computing drag. At subsonic Mach numbers drag is primarily a sum of lift-induced drag and zero-lift drag. While lift-induced drag is easily and efficiently determined by a far field method, using the Trefftz plane analysis, the same cannot be said of zero-lift drag. Zero-lift drag (C-D,C-0) usually requires consideration of the Navier-Stokes equations, the solution of which is as yet unknown except by using approximate numerical techniques with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The approximate calculation of zero-lift drag from CFD is normally computed with so-called near-field techniques, which can be inaccurate and too time consuming for consideration in the design environment. This paper presents a technique to calculate zero-lift and boundary-layer drag in the subsonic regime that includes aeroelastic effects and is suitable for the design environment. The technique loosely couples a two-dimensional aerofoil boundary-layer model with a 3D aeroelastic solver to compute zero-lift drag. We show results for a rectangular wing (baseline), a swept wing, and a tapered wing. Then compare with a rectangular wing with variable thickness and camber, thinning out from the root to tip (spanwise direction), thus demonstrating the practicality of the technique and its utility for rapid conceptual design. C1 [Camberos, J. A.; Kolonay, R. M.] US Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45400 USA. [Eastep, F. E.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Taylor, R. F.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Camberos, JA (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45400 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOC PI LONDON PA 4 HAMILTON PL, LONDON W1J 7BQ, ENGLAND SN 0001-9240 J9 AERONAUT J JI Aeronaut. J. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 119 IS 1221 BP 1451 EP 1460 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CY3YD UT WOS:000366344900007 ER PT J AU Huang, D Gumbs, G Abranyos, Y Pepper, M Kumar, S AF Huang, Danhong Gumbs, Godfrey Abranyos, Yonatan Pepper, Michael Kumar, Sanjeev TI Quantum ballistic transport by interacting two-electron states in quasi-one-dimensional channels SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID SPIN POLARIZATION; OSCILLATIONS; DOTS AB For quantum ballistic transport of electrons through a short conduction channel, the role of Coulomb interaction may significantly modify the energy levels of two-electron states at low temperatures as the channel becomes wide. In this regime, the Coulomb effect on the two-electron states is calculated and found to lead to four split energy levels, including two anticrossing-level and two crossing-level states. Moreover, due to the interplay of anticrossing and crossing effects, our calculations reveal that the ground two-electron state will switch from one anticrossing state (strong confinement) to a crossing state (intermediate confinement) as the channel width gradually increases and then back to the original anticrossing state (weak confinement) as the channel width becomes larger than a threshold value. This switching behavior leaves a footprint in the ballistic conductance as well as in the diffusion thermoelectric power of electrons. Such a switching is related to the triple spin degeneracy as well as to the Coulomb repulsion in the central region of the channel, which separates two electrons away and pushes them to different channel edges. The conductance reoccurrence region expands from the weak to the intermediate confinement regime with increasing electron density. (C) 2015 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Huang, Danhong] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Huang, Danhong; Gumbs, Godfrey] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Abranyos, Yonatan] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Pepper, Michael; Kumar, Sanjeev] UCL, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, London WC1E 7JE, England. [Pepper, Michael; Kumar, Sanjeev] London Ctr Nanotechnol, London WC1H 0AH, England. RP Huang, D (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); EPSRC (UK) FX The theoretical part of this research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) while the experimental part was supported by EPSRC (UK). NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 5 IS 11 AR 117227 DI 10.1063/1.4936187 PG 16 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CX9WB UT WOS:000366055300078 ER PT J AU Kolonay, RM Kobayashi, MH AF Kolonay, Raymond M. Kobayashi, Marcelo H. TI Optimization of Aircraft Lifting Surfaces Using a Cellular Division Method SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; DESIGN; FILAMENTS; INPUTS AB The development of a biologically inspired methodology for topology, shape, sizing, and control surface optimization of aircraft lifting surfaces is presented. The methodology is based on the map L-systems modeling of cellular division to generate the substructure topology. This is combined with variables for aerodynamic shape, structural sizing, and control surfaces (number, size, location, and aeroelastic trimmed settings) and constraints on stiffness, strength, local skin panel buckling, static aeroelastic response (roll performance, pitch rate, trimmed angle of attack), and flutter requirements. A dual-objective function is formulated with weight and L/D and is solved with a bilevel optimization algorithm. The map L-system rules that develop the topology are evolved using a genetic algorithm in the outer optimization loop on L/D and weight, which obtains the optimal parameter settings for topology, shape, and control surfaces, whereas the inner loop performs weight minimization with the structural sizing variables. The methodology is demonstrated on the design of a generic fighter aircraft wing. C1 [Kolonay, Raymond M.] US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kobayashi, Marcelo H.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mech Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Kolonay, RM (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Raymond.Kolonay@us.af.mil; marcelok@hawaii.edu NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2051 EP 2063 DI 10.2514/1.C033138 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CY1IA UT WOS:000366158700025 ER PT J AU Kelly, TD Petrosky, JC McClory, JW Mann, JM Kolis, JW AF Kelly, T. D. Petrosky, J. C. McClory, J. W. Mann, J. M. Kolis, J. W. TI Analysis of oxygen shell splitting in hydrothermally grown single crystal ThO2(200) SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI-RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE X-ray absorption fine structure; actinides; ThO2; latin hypercubes; O defects; single crystals ID URANIUM-DIOXIDE; THORIUM-DIOXIDE; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; EXAFS; THO2; TEMPERATURE; ENERGETICS; DIFFUSION; SYSTEM AB Single crystals of ThO2 have been synthesized using hydrothermal growth and studied using the X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) technique. The extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) has been extracted from the XAFS and analyzed using a novel, computational Latin hypercube sampling method. The methodology not only confirms the expected space group and crystal structure, it also identifies the origin of a previously reported split O shell. Since EXAFS is a local order analysis technique, the O shell splitting is identified as an O atom occupying an interstitial site. This result is significant for examining O-2-transport in a ThO2 matrix and corroborating research indicating partial Th 5f occupancy that is similar to hyper-stoichiometric UO2+x compounds. (C) 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Kelly, T. D.; Petrosky, J. C.; McClory, J. W.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mann, J. M.] Sensors Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kolis, J. W.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Kolis, J. W.] Clemson Univ, Ctr Opt Mat Sci & Engn Technol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Kelly, TD (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Tony.Kelly@afit.edu; James.Petrosky@afit.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA138584] FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (Grant No. HDTRA138584). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. Special thank you to Dr. Peter Dowben from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln for his expertise and use of equipment at the CAMD beamline. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6254 EI 1862-6270 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI-R JI Phys. Status Solidi-Rapid Res. Lett. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 9 IS 11 BP 668 EP 672 DI 10.1002/pssr.201510235 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA CY3MB UT WOS:000366312700011 ER PT J AU Phillips, DM Ray, CW Hagen, BJ Su, W Baur, JW Reich, GW AF Phillips, D. M. Ray, C. W. Hagen, B. J. Su, W. Baur, J. W. Reich, G. W. TI Detection of flow separation and stagnation points using artificial hair sensors SO SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE hair sensor; carbon nanotube array; piezoresistive transduction; stagnation point; separation point; heading estimation ID CELL AB Recent interest in fly-by-feel approaches for aircraft control has motivated the development of novel sensors for use in aerial systems. Artificial hair sensors (AHSs) are one type of device that promise to fill a unique niche in the sensory suite for aerial systems. In this work, we investigate the capability of an AHS based on structural glass fibers to directly identify flow stagnation and separation points on a cylindrical domain in a steady flow. The glass fibers are functionalized with a radially aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) forest and elicit a piezoresistive response as the CNT forest impinges on electrodes in a micropore when the hair is deflected due to viscous drag forces. Particle image velocimetry is used to measure the flow field allowing for the resulting moment and force acting on the hair to be correlated with the electrical response. It is demonstrated that the AHS provides estimates for the locations of both the stagnation and separation in steady flow. From this, a simulation of a heading estimation is presented to demonstrate a potential application for hair sensors. These results motivate the construction of large arrays of hair sensors for imaging and resolving flow structures in real time. C1 [Phillips, D. M.; Baur, J. W.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Phillips, D. M.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Ray, C. W.] Jelec Inc, Houston, TX 77084 USA. [Hagen, B. J.; Reich, G. W.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hagen, B. J.] Sierra Lobo, Wright Execut Ctr, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. [Su, W.] Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Phillips, DM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gregory.reich.1@us.af.mil RI Su, Weihua/F-1561-2011 OI Su, Weihua/0000-0002-4458-0524 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [LRIR 09RW10COR] FX This work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research LRIR 09RW10COR. The authors would like to thank Dr Les Lee at AFOSR for his interest and support throughout this project. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 EI 1361-665X J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 24 IS 11 AR 115026 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/24/11/115026 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA CY0QU UT WOS:000366111400028 ER PT J AU Geffre, JL Brown, DE AF Geffre, Jennifer L. Brown, Donald E. TI Strategic Threat Probabilities with Hierarchical Spatiotemporal Predictions SO IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Article C1 [Geffre, Jennifer L.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Brown, Donald E.] Univ Virginia, Data Sci Inst, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Brown, Donald E.] Univ Virginia, Dept Syst & Informat Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Geffre, JL (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jg8fd@virginia.edu; deb@vir-ginia.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1541-1672 EI 1941-1294 J9 IEEE INTELL SYST JI IEEE Intell. Syst. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 30 IS 6 BP 72 EP 80 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA CW5IY UT WOS:000365030200016 ER PT J AU Young, JA Crofton, MW Ferguson, DC Hoffmann, RC Wheelock, AT Steele, K Likar, JJ Schneider, TA Vaughn, JA Bodeau, JM Noushkam, N Vayner, BV AF Young, J. A. Crofton, M. W. Ferguson, D. C. Hoffmann, R. C. Wheelock, A. T. Steele, K. Likar, J. J. Schneider, T. A. Vaughn, J. A. Bodeau, J. M. Noushkam, N. Vayner, B. V. TI Preliminary Measurements of ESD Propagation on a Round Robin Coupon SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Electrostatic discharge (ESD); flashover; plasma propagation; solar array; vacuum discharge ID SOLAR-ARRAY; ENVIRONMENT; DISCHARGE; EXPANSION; PANEL AB The propagation dynamics of spacecraft electrostatic discharge (ESD) flashover plasmas have been a topic of increasing interest in the past few years. To investigate ESD propagation and possible contributions from facilities, methodology, and analysis, we performed inverted gradient ESD tests of an International Space Station solar array coupon as part of a U.S.-wide Round-Robin test campaign. Geosynchronous earth orbit charging environments were simulated and current transients were simultaneously measured on ten solar array strings. In addition, images of ESD events were collected by low-and high-speed cameras, and an array of eight Langmuir probes positioned above the coupon was monitored. Preliminary results will be discussed, with special attention given to the effect of different analysis techniques on derived propagation velocity. Comparisons will be made with the results from other labs, and implications for spacecraft ESD events will be discussed. C1 [Young, J. A.; Crofton, M. W.] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Ferguson, D. C.; Hoffmann, R. C.; Wheelock, A. T.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Steele, K.] Alliant Techsyst, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Likar, J. J.] UTC Aerosp Syst, Danbury, CT 06810 USA. [Schneider, T. A.; Vaughn, J. A.] Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Bodeau, J. M.] Northrop Grumman Aerosp, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. [Noushkam, N.] Orbital Sci Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Vayner, B. V.] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Brookpark, OH 44142 USA. RP Young, JA (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. EM jason.a.young@aero.org; mark.w.crofton@aero.org; dale.ferguson.1@us.af.mil; ryan.hoffmann@us.af.mil; adrian.wheelock@us.af.mil; kenneth.steele@atk.com; justin.likar@utas.utc.com; todd.schneider@nasa.gov; jason.a.vaughn@nasa.gov; michael.bodeau@ngc.com; noushkam.nikki@orbital.com; boris.v.vayner@nasa.gov FU Aerospace Corporation's Independent Research and Development Program FX This research was supported by The Aerospace Corporation's Independent Research and Development Program. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 43 IS 11 BP 3939 EP 3947 DI 10.1109/TPS.2015.2479188 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CW3EW UT WOS:000364875800022 ER PT J AU Al-Rjoub, MF Roy, AK Ganguli, S Banerjee, RK AF Al-Rjoub, Marwan F. Roy, Ajit K. Ganguli, Sabyasachi Banerjee, Rupak K. TI Enhanced heat transfer in a micro-scale heat exchanger using nano-particle laden electro-osmotic flow SO INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE EOF; Micro-scale heat exchanger; Hot spot cooling; Al2O3 nano-particles ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MICROCHANNEL; NANOFLUIDS; SIZE AB This research presents a multi-channel micro-scale heat exchanger for thermal management of microelectronics hot spots. Electro-osmotic flow (EOF) was implemented to drive the cooling liquid through the micro-channels of the heat exchanger. Various cooling liquids including, deionized water, distilled water, borax buffer, and Al2O3 nano-particle solution, were tested and compared based on their flow rates and increase in cooling liquid temperature. The micro-scale heat exchanger was fabricated using a combination of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and silicon dioxide-coated substrate. A constant heat flux heater was used to simulate the heat generated by microelectronic devices. The flow rate of the cooling liquid and its temperatures at the inlet and the outlet reservoirs were measured. Deionized water produced a flow rate of 30.1 mu L/min and 2 degrees C increase between the inlet and the outlet reservoir temperatures at 1 W heating power and 400 V of EOF. The flow rate and the increase in temperature of distilled water at the same conditions were 22.7 mu L/min and 3 degrees C, respectively. For the borax buffer the flow rate was 33.1 mu L/min and the increase in temperature was 2.7 degrees C. Most notably, there was an increase in temperature of 2.4 degrees C with a lower flow rate of 20.4 mu L/min when the Al2O3 nano-particle solution was used. Among all cooling liquids, the Al2O3 nano-particle solution showed the highest scaled specific heat energy removal with a maximum of similar to 69% increase compared to deionized water. Further, the current micro-scale heat exchanger device was able to produce higher electro-osmotic flow rates due to the use of PDMS on three sides of the micro-channel; thus providing smoother walls and higher zeta-potential while the silicon surface allowed heat transfer to the cooling liquid. The increased flow rate allowed enhanced heat removal from higher heat flux areas (hot spots) of microelectronic devices without the need for high-pressure pumping systems. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Al-Rjoub, Marwan F.; Banerjee, Rupak K.] Univ Cincinnati, Mech & Mat Engn Dept, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. [Roy, Ajit K.; Ganguli, Sabyasachi] Air Force Res Lab, Nanoelect Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Banerjee, RK (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Mech & Mat Engn Dept, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. EM rupak.banerjee@uc.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0735-1933 EI 1879-0178 J9 INT COMMUN HEAT MASS JI Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 68 BP 228 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2015.09.009 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA CW5SP UT WOS:000365057200029 ER PT J AU Kim, JO Ku, Z Urbas, A Lee, SJ AF Kim, Jun Oh Ku, Zahyun Urbas, Augustine Lee, Sang Jun TI Investigation of the shape of submonolayer quantum dots using a polarization-dependent photocurrent SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials CY MAR 29-APR 02, 2015 CL Univ Cambridge, Muray Edwards Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND SP Inst Phys, HREM Res HO Univ Cambridge, Muray Edwards Coll DE submonolayer; quantum dot; photodetector; infrared ID INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS; ABSORPTION; LASERS AB Structural and optical characterization of multi-stack InAs/InGaAs submonolayer quantum dots (SML-QDs) grown under the Stranski-Krastanov growth mode was performed via a polarization-dependent study. Various angular in-plane (plane perpendicular to growth direction) and out-of-plane (plane parallel to the 45 degrees-polished facet) polarization-dependent spectral photocurrents were measured to investigate the three-dimensional quantum confinement in multi-stack 0.3 monolayer InAs SML-QDs (the shape of SML-QDs embedded in an SML-QD based photodetector). Scanning transmission electron microscopy images revealed the interdiffusion of indium atoms between SML-QDs and the InGaAs quantum well due to an insufficient amount of indium, which agrees well with the tendency of s- to z-polarized response ratios. C1 [Kim, Jun Oh; Lee, Sang Jun] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Daejeon 305340, South Korea. [Ku, Zahyun; Urbas, Augustine] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, JO (reprint author), Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Daejeon 305340, South Korea. EM sjlee@kriss.re.kr FU KRISS [GP2014-0028, JP2014-0009]; Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) grant - Korea government (MOTIE) [10046953]; AOARD grant - US government (AFOSR/AOARD) [FA2386-14-1-4074] FX This work was supported by the KRISS grants GP2014-0028 and JP2014-0009, the Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) grant 10046953 funded by the Korea government (MOTIE), and the AOARD grant FA2386-14-1-4074 funded by the US government (AFOSR/AOARD). NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 EI 1361-6641 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 30 IS 11 AR 115005 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/30/11/115005 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA CW8HT UT WOS:000365240800022 ER PT J AU Grasmick, JG Mooney, MA Senseney, CT Surdahl, RW Voth, M AF Grasmick, Jacob G. Mooney, Michael A. Senseney, Christopher T. Surdahl, Roger W. Voth, Michael TI Comparison of Multiple Sensor Deflection Data From Lightweight and Falling Weight Deflectometer Tests on Layered Soil SO GEOTECHNICAL TESTING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE lightweight deflectometer; fallingweight deflectometer; field testing; pavement foundations; elasticmodulus ID PAVEMENT; STIFFNESS; MODULUS AB The lightweight deflectometer (LWD) and falling weight deflectometer (FWD) are in situ dynamic plate load tests used to estimate the stiffness and elastic moduli of bound and unbound materials. The inclusion of radial offset sensors with LWD testing stemmed from the well-established FWD testing method of using deflections at the load plate center and at radial offsets to generate a deflection bowl to estimate the moduli of individual layers in a multi-layer system. Due to the similarities between the LWD and FWD tests, several studies have explored the relationship between center deflection results of the two tests. However, little research exists in the literature addressing LWD testing with multiple sensors and how well those deflections correlate with FWD deflections at the same radial offsets. To this end, 114 multiple sensor LWD and FWD tests were performed on stabilized base materials at three sites and rigorously analyzed to determine if there is a consistent relationship between LWD and FWD center and radial offset deflections across all sites and if the estimated moduli from the same backcalculation approach produce similar or correlated results. The results demonstrated that while relationships are site specific for deflections and moduli estimated from the load plate center, a consistent relationship across all sites is demonstrated from the radial offset measurements. Finite element analysis was conducted to understand the difference in induced strains from the two tests to support and better understand the observed differences in FWD and LWD deflections and backcalculated layer moduli. C1 [Grasmick, Jacob G.; Mooney, Michael A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Senseney, Christopher T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Surdahl, Roger W.; Voth, Michael] Fed Highway Adm, Cent Fed Lands Highway Div, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. RP Grasmick, JG (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jgrasmic@mines.edu FU Federal Highway Administration; Central Federal Lands Division FX The writers would like to acknowledge the Federal Highway Administration and the Central Federal Lands Division for the technical and financial support of this study. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 12 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0149-6115 EI 1945-7545 J9 GEOTECH TEST J JI Geotech. Test. J. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 38 IS 6 AR GTJ20140172 DI 10.1520/GTJ20140172 PG 13 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA CW6BO UT WOS:000365082300005 ER PT J AU Hesselbrock, R AF Hesselbrock, Roger TI Use of Descriptive Terms in Medical Records SO JAMA NEUROLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Hesselbrock, Roger] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Neuropsychiat Branch, USAFSAM FECN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 43533 USA. RP Hesselbrock, R (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Neuropsychiat Branch, USAFSAM FECN, Bldg 840,2510 Fifth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 43533 USA. EM rrhesselbrock@gmail.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 2168-6149 EI 2168-6157 J9 JAMA NEUROL JI JAMA Neurol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 72 IS 11 BP 1378 EP 1378 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA CW1ZO UT WOS:000364790900029 PM 26551962 ER PT J AU An, XL Brittelle, MS Lauzier, PT Gord, JR Roy, S Chen, GH Sanders, ST AF An, Xinliang Brittelle, Mack S. Lauzier, Pascal T. Gord, James R. Roy, Sukesh Chen, Guang-Hong Sanders, Scott T. TI Demonstration of temperature imaging by H2O absorption spectroscopy using compressed sensing tomography SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-ABSORPTION; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY; LIMITED NUMBER; RECONSTRUCTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; PROJECTIONS; ALGORITHMS; SYSTEM; ENGINE AB This paper introduces temperature imaging by total-variation-based compressed sensing (CS) tomography of H2O vapor absorption spectroscopy. A controlled laboratory setup is used to generate a constant two-dimensional temperature distribution in air (a roughly Gaussian temperature profile with a central temperature of 677 K). A wavelength-tunable laser beam is directed through the known distribution; the beam is translated and rotated using motorized stages to acquire complete absorption spectra in the 1330-1365 nm range at each of 64 beam locations and 60 view angles. Temperature reconstructions are compared to independent thermocouple measurements. Although the distribution studied is approximately axisymmetric, axisymmetry is not assumed and simulations show similar performance for arbitrary temperature distributions. We study the measurement error as a function of number of beams and view angles used in reconstruction to gauge the potential for application of CS in practical test articles where optical access is limited. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [An, Xinliang; Brittelle, Mack S.; Sanders, Scott T.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Engine Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lauzier, Pascal T.; Chen, Guang-Hong] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Phys, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Gord, James R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Brittelle, MS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Engine Res Ctr, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM brittelle@wisc.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-10-C-2103] FX Air Force Research Laboratory (FA8650-10-C-2103). NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 54 IS 31 BP 9190 EP 9199 DI 10.1364/AO.54.009190 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7LY UT WOS:000364455800054 PM 26560573 ER PT J AU Grabinski, C AF Grabinski, Christin TI Toxicology 101 SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; PARTICLES; DOSIMETRY; TOXICITY; DISEASE C1 [Grabinski, Christin] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Grabinski, C (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM christin.grabinski.i.ctr@us.af.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0360-7275 EI 1945-0710 J9 CHEM ENG PROG JI Chem. Eng. Prog. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 111 IS 11 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA CV9QR UT WOS:000364622200014 ER PT J AU Poggie, J Leger, T AF Poggie, J. Leger, T. TI Large-scale unsteadiness in a compressible, turbulent reattaching shear layer SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID WALL-PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS; FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; SHOCK UNSTEADINESS; FLOW; RESOLUTION AB The large-scale unsteadiness that occurs in shockwave/boundary layer interactions imposes severe aero-thermoacoustic loads on high-speed aircraft. Much progress has been made on this problem in the last two decades: these interactions can now be tackled with large eddy simulation, at least for relatively low Reynolds numbers. Further, a large body of evidence now suggests that the physical mechanism for the unsteadiness lies in the selective amplification, within the separated flow, of large-scale disturbances originating in the incoming turbulent flow. The present paper examines the kinematics of these incoming structures in a turbulent boundary layer, and the scaling of the corresponding response of a reattaching shear layer flow. In particular, it presents an overview of the influence on recent research of experimental work carried out by Smits' group at Princeton University in the 1990s. C1 [Poggie, J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Leger, T.] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Poggie, J (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, 701 W Stadium Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jpoggie@purdue.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory Aerospace Systems Directorate; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center; National Science Foundation FX Our recent computational work has been sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory Aerospace Systems Directorate and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. It was also supported by grants of High Performance Computing time from the Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Centers at the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Army Research Laboratory, and the Army Engineer Research and Development Center, provided under a Department of Defense, High-Performance Computation Modernization Program Frontier Project. The experimental work of Poggie and Smits in the 1990s was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center, and the National Science Foundation. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 EI 1432-1114 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD NOV PY 2015 VL 56 IS 11 AR 205 DI 10.1007/s00348-015-2064-x PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA CV8FV UT WOS:000364517400001 ER PT J AU Doman, DB AF Doman, David B. TI Optimal Cruise Altitude for Aircraft Thermal Management SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB Mission-planning algorithms and trajectory optimization methods for aircraft that use fuel as a heat sink must ensure that fuel temperature limits are not violated at any point in a flight. The problem of determining the cruise altitude that minimizes final fuel tank temperature for jet aircraft that use recirculating fuel to remove waste thermal energy from the aircraft is considered. A heat exchanger transfers energy from the aircraft subsystems to the fuel. A portion of the fuel is burned in a turbojet engine, whereas the remaining unburned fuel is passed through a cooler that transfers some heat from the fuel to the atmosphere. A differential equation that describes the time rate of change of fuel tank temperature is derived based on the principles of conservation of mass and energy. Specific conditions are derived for the cruise altitude that minimizes final tank temperature for flight conditions associated with maximum endurance and range. Expressions are also derived that provide estimates of time and range to a temperature limit. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the utility of the conditions and to assess the impact of the assumptions made in the derivation of the analytic models. The conditions also provide a relationship between aircraft performance parameters, the standard atmosphere, and the heat transfer characteristics of the fuel recirculation loop. C1 US Air Force Res Lab, Power & Control Div, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Doman, DB (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Power & Control Div, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 38 IS 11 BP 2084 EP 2095 DI 10.2514/1.G000845 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CV5RM UT WOS:000364328800003 ER PT J AU VanderMey, JT Doman, DB Gerlach, AR AF VanderMey, Josiah T. Doman, David B. Gerlach, Adam R. TI Release Point Determination and Dispersion Reduction for Ballistic Airdrops SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article C1 [VanderMey, Josiah T.; Doman, David B.] US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Power & Control Div, Autonomous Control Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gerlach, Adam R.] Universal Technol Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. RP VanderMey, JT (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Power & Control Div, Autonomous Control Branch, 2210 Eighth St,Room 300, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM josiah.vandermey@gmail.com; david.doman@us.af.mil; adam.gerlach.ctr@us.af.mil NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 38 IS 11 BP 2227 EP 2234 DI 10.2514/1.G001157 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CV5RM UT WOS:000364328800017 ER PT J AU Moss, DA Crawford, P AF Moss, David A. Crawford, Paul TI Ear Acupuncture for Acute Sore Throat: A Randomized Controlled Trial SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Acupuncture; Alternative Medicine; Clinical Trials; Randomized; NSAIDs; Pain Management; Sore Throat ID NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; AURICULAR ACUPUNCTURE; BACK-PAIN; RELIEF AB Background: Sore throat is a common cause of pain in outpatient encounters. Battlefield auricular acupuncture (the placing of needles in specific points in the ear) is a modality used to treat acute pain associated with a variety of ailments. The aim of our study was to determine whether auricular acupuncture reduces pain, medication usage, and missed work hours when added to standard therapy in adult patients with acute sore throat. Methods: We conducted an unblinded, pragmatic, randomized controlled trial among adult, nonpregnant patients presenting to an Air Force family medicine clinic with pain from acute sore throat. A total of 54 patients were followed for 48 hours after treatment. Results: Patients receiving auricular acupuncture reported lower pain scores than those who did not at 15 minutes (6.0 [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.4-6.6] vs 2.6 [95% CI, 1.7-3.5]; P < .0001), 6 hours (4.8 [95% CI, 4.0-5.6] vs 2.5 [95% CI, 1.6-3.4]; P = .0005), and 24 hours (4.1 [95% CI, 3.3-4.9] vs 1.3 [95% CI, 1.0-2.8]; P = .0006). They also reported taking fewer cumulative doses of pain medication at 6 hours (1.07 [95% CI, 0.69-1.45] vs 0.39 [95% CI, 0.2-0.58]; P = .003), 24 hours (2.63 [95% CI, 1.95-3.31] vs 1.37 [95% CI, 0.92-1.82]; P = .004), and 48 hours (4.07 [95% CI, 2.9-5.24] vs 2.19 [95% CI, 1.44-2.94]; P = .009). There was no difference in time missed from work between the auricular acupuncture and standard therapy groups. Conclusions: Compared with usual treatment, battlefield auricular acupuncture was associated with reduced sore throat pain for 24 hours and decreased use of pain medication for up to 48 hours. There was no apparent effect on hours missed from work. C1 [Moss, David A.; Crawford, Paul] US Air Force, North Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Moss, DA (reprint author), 4700 North Las Vegas Blvd, Nafb, NV 89191 USA. EM david.moss.3@us.af.mil FU Air Force Medical Support Agency's Research and Development Division (AFMSA/SGRS) FX DAM and PC received a grant from the Air Force Medical Support Agency's Research and Development Division (AFMSA/SGRS) during the conduct of the study. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER BOARD FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEXINGTON PA 2228 YOUNG DR, LEXINGTON, KY 40505 USA SN 1557-2625 EI 1558-7118 J9 J AM BOARD FAM MED JI J. Am. Board Fam. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 28 IS 6 BP 697 EP 705 DI 10.3122/jabfm.2015.06.150014 PG 9 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CW3CK UT WOS:000364869400004 PM 26546644 ER PT J AU Crawford, P Wiltz, S AF Crawford, Paul Wiltz, Scott TI Participation in the Journey to Life Conversation Map Improves Control of Hypertension, Diabetes, and Hypercholesterolemia SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Diabetes Mellitus; Education, Patient; Process Assessment (Health Care); Self Care ID SELF-MANAGEMENT EDUCATION; TYPE-2; CARE AB Background: The Diabetes Conversation Map program includes 4 "board game-like" education tools. We describe how the Journey to Life Conversation Map Education Class improves diabetes performance measures of hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and blood pressure (BP). Methods: Retrospective case-control study in a military family medicine clinic from January 2007 to January 2010. We included 202 patients who completed >= 1 conversation map class and a comparison group of 209 patients who did not attend. Results: Attendees started with HbA(1c) 8.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.86-8.64) and decreased to 6.96 (95% CI, 6.69-7.23). Patients in the comparison group started at 8.57 (95% CI, 8.18-8.95) and decreased to 8.27 (95% CI, 8.01-8.54) (P < .001). Attendees began with LDL of 111 mg/dL (95% CI, 103-119) and decreased to 94 mg/dL (95% CI, 81-106). Patients in the comparison group started at 89 mg/dL (95% CI, 81-98) and increased to 98 mg/dL (95% CI, 85-110) (P < .007). Systolic BP decreased 5.4 mmHg among attendees versus 0.8 mmHg among those in the comparison group (P = .014), whereas diastolic BP was unchanged (P = .110). Conclusion: The Journey to Life Healthy Interactions Conversation Map Education Class for diabetes improves diabetes performance measures. C1 [Crawford, Paul; Wiltz, Scott] Nellis Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. RP Crawford, P (reprint author), Nellis Family Med Residency, 99MDOS SGOF,4700 Las Vegas Blvd N, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. EM paul.crawford@us.af.mil FU AFMSA/SG9 Fuchsia Program FX Partial funding for project provided by the AFMSA/SG9 Fuchsia Program. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER BOARD FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEXINGTON PA 2228 YOUNG DR, LEXINGTON, KY 40505 USA SN 1557-2625 EI 1558-7118 J9 J AM BOARD FAM MED JI J. Am. Board Fam. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 28 IS 6 BP 767 EP 771 DI 10.3122/jabfm.2015.06.140142 PG 5 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CW3CK UT WOS:000364869400012 PM 26546652 ER PT J AU Martin, SE Drake, E Yoder, L Gibson, M Litke, CA AF Martin, Sarah E. Drake, Emily Yoder, Laura Gibson, Mary Litke, Carrie Ann TI Active Duty Women's Perceptions of Breast-Feeding Support in the Military Setting SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID WORKPLACE AB Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current perceptions of breast-feeding support for active duty women serving in the U.S. Armed Forces. Methods: An online survey based on the Workplace Breastfeeding Support Scale (WBSS) was used to collect data from active duty military mothers. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS software to evaluate active duty women's perceptions of breast-feeding support in the military. Results: 318 active duty women participated in the online survey. The average WBSS scores for active duty women was 50.20 (SD = 15.75). Comparing WBSS scores and branch of service, women in the Army had significantly lower WBSS scores (M = 45.85) then women in the Air Force (M = 53.96, p < 0.001). Enlisted women had significantly lower scores (M = 47.12) than officers (M = 54.62, p < 0.001). Also noted were significantly lower scores of active duty women who were Hispanic (M = 44.30) and women who had lower levels of education (M = 46.90, p = 0.006). Conclusions: The Department of Defense may be able to improve breast-feeding rates for all active duty mothers by implementing and adhering to lactation policies and focusing support efforts for enlisted women in all branches of service. C1 [Martin, Sarah E.] US Air Force, Biloxi, MS 39531 USA. [Drake, Emily; Gibson, Mary] Univ Virginia, Sch Nursing, Dept Family Commun & Mental Hlth Syst, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Yoder, Laura] Eastern Mennonite Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22801 USA. [Litke, Carrie Ann] US Air Force, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. RP Martin, SE (reprint author), US Air Force, 728 Vandenberg Dr, Biloxi, MS 39531 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 180 IS 11 BP 1154 EP 1160 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00498 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CV9UT UT WOS:000364633400013 PM 26540707 ER PT J AU Nelson, JM McKinley, RA McIntire, LK Goodyear, C Walters, C AF Nelson, Justin M. McKinley, R. Andy McIntire, Lindsey K. Goodyear, Chuck Walters, Craig TI Augmenting Visual Search Performance With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE frontal eye field (FEF); percent of eye closure (PERCLOS); sustained attention; transcranial DC stimulation (tDCS); vigilance ID DORSOLATERAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; NONINVASIVE BRAIN-STIMULATION; VIGILANCE DECREMENT; WORKING-MEMORY; WORKLOAD; TASK; WAKEFULNESS; OPERATORS; CAFFEINE; TESTS AB Military personnel endure rigorous and demanding man-hours designated to monitoring and locating targets in tasks such as cyber defense and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operators. These tasks are monotonous and repetitive, which can result in vigilance decrement. The objective of the study was to implement a form of noninvasive brain stimulation known as transcranial DC stimulation (tDCS) over the left frontal eye field (LFEF) region of the scalp to improve cognitive performance. The participants received anodal and cathodal stimulation of 2 mA for 30 min as well as placebo stimulation on 3 separate days while performing the task. The findings suggest that anodal and cathodal stimulation significantly improves detection accuracy. Also, a correlation was detected between percent of eye closure (PERCLOS) and blinking frequency in relation to stimulation condition. Our data suggest that tDCS over the LFEF would be a beneficial countermeasure to mitigate the vigilance decrement and improve visual search performance. C1 [Nelson, Justin M.; McIntire, Lindsey K.; Goodyear, Chuck] Infoscitex Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [McKinley, R. Andy] US Air Force Res Lab, Appl Neurosci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Walters, Craig] MRI Intervent, Irvine, CA USA. RP McKinley, RA (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Appl Neurosci Branch, 711th HPW,2510 Fifth St,Bldg 840, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.mckinley.2@us.af.mil NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 11 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0899-5605 EI 1532-7876 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 27 IS 6 BP 335 EP 347 DI 10.1037/mil0000085 PG 13 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA CV9EU UT WOS:000364591000002 ER PT J AU Roy, S Hsu, PS Jiang, N Slipchenko, MN Gord, JR AF Roy, Sukesh Hsu, Paul S. Jiang, Naibo Slipchenko, Mikhail N. Gord, James R. TI 100-kHz-rate gas-phase thermometry using 100-ps pulses from a burst-mode laser SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STOKES-RAMAN SCATTERING; CARS SPECTROSCOPY; 5 KHZ; PROBE; SYSTEM; FLAMES; FLOWS AB Temperature measurements based on gas-phase coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy are demonstrated in reacting flows at a rate of 100 kHz employing a burst-mode laser with a pulse duration of similar to 100 ps. The recently developed picosecond-duration, high-energy burst-mode laser is used to pump an optical parametric generator/optical parametric amplifier that produces broadband light centered at similar to 680 nm to provide the Stokes beams for excitation of the rovibrational Raman transitions of H-2. The 532-nm output of the picosecond burst-mode laser is then utilized as a pump beam for the CARS process that generates 100 single-shot spectra at a rate of 100 kHz during the 1-ms duration burst. Coherent spectroscopy-based temperature measurements at 100 kHz will significantly aid the understanding of transient and unsteady flow phenomena related to turbulent combustion, transonic and hypersonic flows, high-enthalpy flows, and the dynamics of energetic materials. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Roy, Sukesh; Hsu, Paul S.; Jiang, Naibo; Slipchenko, Mikhail N.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM roy.sukesh@gmail.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8650-15-D-2518, FA8650-15-M-2620] FX Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) (FA8650-15-D-2518, FA8650-15-M-2620). NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 21 BP 5125 EP 5128 DI 10.1364/OL.40.005125 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7QH UT WOS:000364468600077 PM 26512535 ER PT J AU Kuether, RJ Deaner, BJ Hollkamp, JJ Allen, MS AF Kuether, Robert J. Deaner, Brandon J. Hollkamp, Joseph J. Allen, Matthew S. TI Evaluation of Geometrically Nonlinear Reduced-Order Models with Nonlinear Normal Modes SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ROTATING FLEXIBLE STRUCTURES; RESPONSE PREDICTION; BASIS SELECTION; DYNAMICS; VIBRATION AB Several reduced-order modeling strategies have been developed to create low-order models of geometrically nonlinear structures from detailed finite element models, allowing one to compute the dynamic response of the structure at a dramatically reduced cost. However, the parameters of these reduced-order models are estimated by applying a series of static loads to the finite element model, and the quality of the reduced-order model can be highly sensitive to the amplitudes of the static load cases used and to the type/number of modes used in the basis. This paper proposes to combine reduced-order modeling and numerical continuation to estimate the nonlinear normal modes of geometrically nonlinear finite element models. Not only does this make it possible to compute the nonlinear normal modes far more quickly than existing approaches, but the nonlinear normal modes are also shown to be an excellent metric by which the quality of the reduced-order model can be assessed. Hence, the second contribution of this work is to demonstrate how nonlinear normal modes can be used as a metric by which nonlinear reduced-order models can be compared. Various reduced-order models with hardening nonlinearities are compared for two different structures to demonstrate these concepts: a clamped-clamped beam model, and a more complicated finite element model of an exhaust panel cover. C1 [Kuether, Robert J.; Allen, Matthew S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Deaner, Brandon J.] Mercury Marine, Fond Du Lac, WI 54936 USA. [Hollkamp, Joseph J.] US Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RQHF, Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kuether, RJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, 534 Engn Res Bldg,1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rkuether@wisc.edu; Brandon.Deaner@mercmarine.com; Joseph.Hollkamp@us.af.mil; msallen@engr.wisc.edu FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-11-1-0035] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, award number FA9550-11-1-0035, under the Multiscale Structural Mechanics and Prognosis program managed by David Stargel. The authors would like to thank Peter Penegor and David Nickel from Cummins Emissions Solutions for providing the geometry of the exhaust cover plate. The authors are also grateful to Stephen Rizzi and Lorraine Guerin for the help they provided in implementing the enforced displacement method and in choosing scale factors for that method. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 53 IS 11 BP 3273 EP 3285 DI 10.2514/1.J053838 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CV4KE UT WOS:000364234900010 ER PT J AU Fryslie, STM Johnson, MT Choquette, KD AF Fryslie, Stewart T. M. Johnson, Matthew T. Choquette, Kent D. TI Coherence Tuning in Optically Coupled Phased Vertical Cavity Laser Arrays SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Phased arrays; semiconductor laser arrays; vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER; MODULATION AB Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays can be designed to operate in a coherently coupled mode, however, high yield has been challenging in past efforts. We discuss microcavity laser arrays that are designed to be optically coupled but with independent bias current injection into each array element. We demonstrate that these arrays can be electronically tuned to coherently coupled operation and at bias conditions not previously realized. Control of injection bias conditions to individual array elements allows resonance tuning of each element with the result that the phase relation and coherence of the array can be engineered. This control enables increased output power in either in-phase or out-of-phase coherent operation from a single array, and ensures coherent operation from nearly all arrays. This ability to tune into coherence will enhance the performance of phased vertical cavity laser arrays as well as improve their fabrication yield. C1 [Fryslie, Stewart T. M.; Choquette, Kent D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Johnson, Matthew T.] US Air Force, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Fryslie, STM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM fryslie2@illinois.edu; mtjohns2@illinois.edu; choquett@illinois.edu FU Oracle Corporation, Redwood, CA, USA FX This work was supported by Oracle Corporation, Redwood, CA, USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9197 EI 1558-1713 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 51 IS 11 AR 2600206 DI 10.1109/JQE.2015.2481724 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA CV1OJ UT WOS:000364027400001 ER PT J AU Morton, PA Mireles, J Mendoza, H Cordero, PM Benedict, M Wicker, RB AF Morton, Philip A. Mireles, Jorge Mendoza, Heimdall Cordero, Paola M. Benedict, Mark Wicker, Ryan B. TI Enhancement of Low-Cycle Fatigue Performance From Tailored Microstructures Enabled by Electron Beam Melting Additive Manufacturing Technology SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL DESIGN LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM-ALLOYS; CRACK GROWTH; TI-6AL-4V AB Electron beam melting (EBM) additive manufacturing (AM) technology has allowed the layerwise fabrication of parts from metal powder precursor materials that are selectively melted using an electron beam. An advantage of EBM technology over conventional manufacturing processes has been the capability to change processing variables (e.g., beam current, beam speed, and beam focus) throughout part fabrication, enabling the processing of a wide variety of materials. In this research, additional scans were implemented in an attempt to promote grain coarsening through the added thermal energy. It is hypothesized that the additional energy caused coarsening of Ti-6Al-4V microstructure that has been shown to increase mechanical properties of as-fabricated parts as well as improve surface characteristics (e.g., reduced porosity). Fatigue testing was performed on an L-bracket using a loading configuration designed to cause failure at the corner (i.e., intersection of the two members) of the bracket. Results showed 22% fatigue life improvement from L-brackets with as-fabricated conditions to L-brackets with a graded microstructure resulting from the selective addition of thermal energy in the expected failure region. Three L-brackets were fabricated and exposed to a triple melt cycle (compared to the standard single melt cycle) during fabrication, machined to specific dimensions, and tested. Results for fatigue performance were within similar to 1% of wrought L-brackets. The work from this research shows that new design procedures can be implemented for AM technologies that involve evaluation of stress concentration sites using finite element analysis and implementation of scanning strategies during fabrication that help improve performance by spatially adjusting thermal energy at potential failure sites or high stress regions. C1 [Morton, Philip A.; Mireles, Jorge; Mendoza, Heimdall; Cordero, Paola M.; Wicker, Ryan B.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Mech Engn, WM Keck Ctr Innovat 3D, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Benedict, Mark] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mireles, J (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Mech Engn, WM Keck Ctr Innovat 3D, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. OI Mireles, Jorge/0000-0002-7014-9957 FU State of Texas Emerging Technology Fund; Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Mr. and Mrs. MacIntosh Murchison Chair I in Engineering Endowment FX The research presented here was performed at The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) within the W.M. Keck Center for 3D Innovation (Keck Center), expanding recently to over 13,000 sq. ft. and providing access to state-of-the-art facilities and equipment as a result of funding, most recently, from the State of Texas Emerging Technology Fund. The authors are grateful to Alejandro Hinojos, Diego Mejorado, and Christina Pickett of the Keck Center for their assistance on various aspects of the project. Support was provided, in part, by General Dynamics Information Technology (GDIT) through a grant from the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate as well as the Mr. and Mrs. MacIntosh Murchison Chair I in Engineering Endowment. Approved for Public Disclosure Case Number: 88ABW-2015-0419. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 34 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1050-0472 J9 J MECH DESIGN JI J. Mech. Des. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 137 IS 11 SI SI AR 111412 DI 10.1115/1.4031057 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA CU9LI UT WOS:000363865600013 ER PT J AU Sulym, H Andrusiv, L Pasternak, Y AF Sulym, H. Andrusiv, L. Pasternak, Y. TI Interaction of thin inclusion with circular hole in the elastic isotropic medium SO ZAMM-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE MATHEMATIK UND MECHANIK LA English DT Article DE Boundary element method; generalized stress intensity factors; inclusion; J-integral; thin shape ID CRACK AB The purpose of this paper is to analyze the interaction of thin elastic inclusions with globular defects in a solid structural element and develop technique to determine fracture parameters when the elastic inclusion of the structure is close to a circular hole and/or to its bonding layers. Procedures for determination of fracture parameters are based on the J-integral relation with generalized stress intensity factors (GSIF) recently obtained by the authors and the boundary element method is adopted for studying thin shapes. The developed techniques, dominating GSIF and mutual integral method, are applied to two specific problems: the interaction of a traction-free hole with a nearby, thin inclusion and the interaction of a constrained hole with the inclusion. The direct numerical solution was obtained for the two principal models which represent two different boundary conditions on the edge of the hole of the structural element. The study shows that if the hole is unstressed, the values of GSIF are approximately the same as the corresponding values of the fracture parameters and the presence of the hole and the rigid inclusion have only a small effect on GSIF. But if the hole is constrained along its boundary, the values of GSIF generally decrease with decreasing the distance between the inclusion and the hole. The stress concentration on the hole substantially depends on the presence of the inclusion and varies significantly with respect to its radius, the distance from the inclusion, and the relative rigidity of the inclusion. (C) 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Sulym, H.] Bialystok Tech Univ, PL-15351 Bialystok, Poland. [Andrusiv, L.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Pasternak, Y.] Lutsk Natl Tech Univ, UA-43018 Lutsk, Ukraine. RP Andrusiv, L (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM lubov.andrusiv@usafa.edu RI Pasternak, Iaroslav/K-4987-2016 OI Pasternak, Iaroslav/0000-0002-1732-0719 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0044-2267 EI 1521-4001 J9 ZAMM-Z ANGEW MATH ME JI ZAMM-Z. Angew. Math. Mech. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1282 EP 1289 DI 10.1002/zamm.201300157 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA CU9SL UT WOS:000363885300014 ER PT J AU Powell, MR Hurley, LD Richardson, TC AF Powell, Marion R. Hurley, Leo D. Richardson, Tighe C. TI An Unusual Complication of Barotrauma at Altitude SO AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE optic neuropathy; optic nerve; color vision; barotrauma; altitude ID OPTIC NEUROPATHY; SINUS BAROTRAUMA AB BACKGROUND: A case of unilateral optic neuropathy secondary to barotrauma following a medial orbital wall fracture is presented. CASE REPORT: A 41-yr-old U.S. Air Force aviator presented for a routine periodic health assessment. Evaluation uncovered a suspected acquired color deficiency in the right eye (OD). Subsequent discussions with the patient revealed a history of eye pain, redness, and proptosis during a flight overseas several years earlier. Local ocular examination demonstrated asymmetric optic nerve cupping, optic nerve pallor OD, a mild asymmetric color deficit, and a significant visual field defect OD. Evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging revealed findings consistent with an old medial orbital wall fracture OD and optic nerve findings consistent with optic neuropathy. Follow-up evaluation by neurology and otorhinolaryngology demonstrated only extensive sinus pathology. Based upon these findings, it is postulated that the member suffered a medial orbital wall fracture at altitude during ascent caused by expanding ethmoid sinus gases due to abnormal sinus anatomy with subsequent right optic nerve injury leading to an optic neuropathy and subsequent visual sequelae. DISCUSSION: This case demonstrates one possible complication of active sinus disease while working in the aerospace environment. Several case reports have been published demonstrating the potential link between eye injuries and working in an environment with fluctuating atmospheric pressure. However, literature addressing the specific in-flight environment causing such complications is lacking. Furthermore, the case supports the need for versatility and a broad knowledge base in practicing flight surgeons to evaluate ocular pathology. C1 San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Ophthalmol Residency, Joint Base San Antonio, TX USA. US Air Force Sch Aerosp Med, Aeromed Consultat Serv, Ophthalmol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Powell, MR (reprint author), 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM fincobbler@hotmail.com NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 2375-6314 EI 2375-6322 J9 AEROSP MED HUM PERF JI Aerosp. Med.Hum. Perform. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 86 IS 11 BP 994 EP 998 DI 10.3357/AMHP.4359.2015 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CU2OA UT WOS:000363361600010 PM 26564766 ER PT J AU Latorre-Carmona, P Javidi, B LeMaster, DA AF Latorre-Carmona, Pedro Javidi, Bahram LeMaster, Daniel A. TI Three-Dimensional Visualization of Long Range Scenes by Photon Counting Mid-Wave Infrared Integral Imaging SO JOURNAL OF DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Computational integral imaging (CII); infrared imaging; passive 3D imaging; photon counting ID OBJECT RECOGNITION; SYSTEM AB Integral imaging under photon counting conditions has found different three-dimensional (3D) imaging applications, including 3D image reconstruction and recognition. In this paper, we present the application of the maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation method for visualization of 3D scenes in photon starved environments using mid-wave infrared 3D data of real scenes acquired at distances ranging from 50 m to more than 2 km. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on mid-wave infrared 3D photon counting integral imaging of distant scenes. C1 [Latorre-Carmona, Pedro] Univ Jaume 1, Inst New Imaging Technol, Castellon La Plana 12071, Spain. [Javidi, Bahram] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [LeMaster, Daniel A.] AFRL RYMT, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Latorre-Carmona, P (reprint author), Univ Jaume 1, Inst New Imaging Technol, Castellon La Plana 12071, Spain. EM latorre@uji.es; Bahram.Javidi@UConn.edu; daniel.lemaster@wpafb.af.mil FU Universitat Jaume I [E-2014-04] FX Manuscript received August 29, 2014; revised November 12, 2014; accepted December 16, 2014. Date of publication December 19, 2014; date of current version October 16, 2015. The work of P. Latorre-Carmona was supported by Universitat Jaume I under Grant E-2014-04. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1551-319X EI 1558-9323 J9 J DISP TECHNOL JI J. Disp. Technol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 11 IS 11 BP 908 EP 912 DI 10.1109/JDT.2014.2384478 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA CT9SH UT WOS:000363156400005 ER PT J AU McIntire, JP Wright, ST Harrington, LK Havig, PR Watamaniuk, SNJ Heft, EL AF McIntire, John P. Wright, Steve T. Harrington, Lawrence K. Havig, Paul R. Watamaniuk, Scott N. J. Heft, Eric L. TI Binocular Fusion Ranges and Stereoacuity Predict Positional and Rotational Spatial Task Performance on a Stereoscopic 3D Display SO JOURNAL OF DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Binocular vision; depth perception; optometry; stereoscopic 3D (S3D); stereopsis; virtual environment ID VISUAL FATIGUE; 3-D DISPLAYS; DISCOMFORT AB In this work, we tested 12 participants on a virtual object precision placement task while viewing a stereoscopic 3D (S3D) display. Optometric measures of binocular function were obtained, including measurements of distant and near phorias (horizontal and vertical) and distant and near horizontal fusion ranges, using standard clinical techniques. Before each of six 30-min experimental sessions, measurements of phoria and fusion ranges were repeated. All participants completed experimental sessions in which the task required precise positional and rotational alignment of a virtual object in depth, at the same location and orientation as a stationary target object. The object was controlled by participants' spatial manipulation of a wireless 6 degree-of-freedom (DOF) tangible user interface utilizing magnetic spatial tracking. Subjective discomfort was assessed using the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ). Individual placement precision in S3D trials was significantly correlated with several of the binocular measures: viewers with larger convergent fusion ranges, larger divergent fusion ranges, larger total fusion ranges, or lower (better) stereoscopic acuity thresholds were more accurate at the task. None of the optometric measures were predictive of individual subjective discomfort, although a combined analysis with a similar previous experiment suggested that a personal history with motion sickness was related to discomfort levels from S3D viewing. The results confirm and extend previous research, suggesting that several key optometric measurements are predictive of complex manual spatial task performance on an S3D display system. C1 [McIntire, John P.; Havig, Paul R.; Heft, Eric L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wright, Steve T.] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Harrington, Lawrence K.] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Watamaniuk, Scott N. J.] Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP McIntire, JP (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.mcin-tire.1@us.af.mil NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1551-319X EI 1558-9323 J9 J DISP TECHNOL JI J. Disp. Technol. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 11 IS 11 BP 959 EP 966 DI 10.1109/JDT.2014.2367161 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA CT9SH UT WOS:000363156400012 ER PT J AU White, TJ Broer, DJ AF White, Timothy J. Broer, Dirk J. TI Programmable and adaptive mechanics with liquid crystal polymer networks and elastomers SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID IN-SITU PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; NEMATIC ELASTOMERS; SHAPE-MEMORY; ARTIFICIAL MUSCLES; CARBON NANOTUBES; CROSS-LINKING; PHOTOMECHANICAL RESPONSE; MESOGENIC DIACRYLATE; THERMAL-EXPANSION; LIGHT AB Liquid crystals are the basis of a pervasive technology of the modern era. Yet, as the display market becomes commoditized, researchers in industry, government and academia are increasingly examining liquid crystalline materials in a variety of polymeric forms and discovering their fascinating and useful properties. In this Review, we detail the historical development of liquid crystalline polymeric materials, with emphasis on the thermally and photogenerated macroscale mechanical responses - such as bending, twisting and buckling - and on local-feature development (primarily related to topographical control). Within this framework, we elucidate the benefits of liquid crystallinity and contrast them with other stimuli-induced mechanical responses reported for other materials. We end with an outlook of existing challenges and near-term application opportunities. C1 [White, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Broer, Dirk J.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Inst Complex Mol Syst, Dept Chem Engn & Chem, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP White, TJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.white.24@us.af.mil; d.broer@tue.nl FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research and of the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX T.J.W. acknowledges the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and of the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 150 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 104 U2 302 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 EI 1476-4660 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1087 EP 1098 DI 10.1038/NMAT4433 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA CU4BU UT WOS:000363471900015 PM 26490216 ER PT J AU Guerrero, M AF Guerrero, Michael TI AN INTELLIGENCE DOWNGRADE SO FOREIGN AFFAIRS LA English DT Letter C1 US Air Force, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Guerrero, M (reprint author), US Air Force, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COUNCIL FOREIGN RELAT IONS INC PI NEW YORK PA HAROLD PRATT HOUSE, 58 E 68TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10065 USA SN 0015-7120 J9 FOREIGN AFF JI Foreign Aff. PD NOV-DEC PY 2015 VL 94 IS 6 BP 180 EP 181 PG 2 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA CT6KR UT WOS:000362922400080 ER PT J AU Senia, ES Sarao, MS AF Senia, E. S. Sarao, M. S. TI Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia: a case report with twelve-year follow-up and review of literature SO INTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE benign fibro-osseous lesions; cementoma; periapical cemental dysplasia; periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia; periradicular cemental dysplasia; periradicular osteofibrosis ID BENIGN FIBROOSSEOUS LESIONS; SIMPLE BONE-CYST; SCLEROSING OSTEOMYELITIS; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; GIGANTIFORM CEMENTOMA; JAWS; FEATURES; WOMEN AB AimTo present a case report describing the long-term behaviour of periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia by observing the radiographic changes that took place over a period of 12years. A review of the pertinent literature is also presented. SummaryA healthy 26-year-old white female was referred to the Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center Endodontic Department for evaluation of an asymptomatic radiolucency at the apex of the right mandibular lateral incisor. Following a clinical evaluation that included pulp testing, a diagnosis of periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia (PCOD) was made. No treatment was rendered but follow-up visits were recommended. The patient was subsequently re-evaluated 8 times over a period of 12years. During that time the lesion changed in appearance, displaying the various phases of PCOD. At the same time, lesions affecting the three adjoining incisors appeared and behaved in a similar manner. At the 12-year recall, the right lateral and both central incisors revealed no evidence of PCOD and an almost normal trabecular pattern of bone could be seen. Misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment of PCOD may be avoided with careful pulp testing and knowledge of its most common locations of occurrence, radiographic appearances (phases) and benign behaviour. C1 [Senia, E. S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Endodont, San Antonio, TX USA. [Sarao, M. S.] Univ Colorado, Sch Dent Med, Div Endodont, Dept Surg Dent, Aurora, CO USA. RP Sarao, MS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Sch Dent Med, Dept Surg Dent, Div Endodont, 13065 E 17th Ave,Room 104E, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM saraok2002@yahoo.com NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0143-2885 EI 1365-2591 J9 INT ENDOD J JI Int. Endod. J. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 48 IS 11 BP 1086 EP 1099 DI 10.1111/iej.12417 PG 14 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA CT0SW UT WOS:000362508000009 PM 25425097 ER PT J AU Abuin, M Turgut, Z Aronhime, N Keylin, V Leary, A Degeorge, V Horwath, J Semiatin, SL Laughlin, DE McHenry, ME AF Abuin, Manuel Turgut, Zafer Aronhime, Natan Keylin, Vladimir Leary, Alex Degeorge, Vincent Horwath, John Semiatin, S. Lee Laughlin, David E. McHenry, Michael E. TI Determination of Pressure Effects on the alpha -> gamma Phase Transition and Size of Fe in Nd-Fe-B Spring Exchange Magnets SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Advances in Solidification Processes ICASP) CY JUL 08-11, 2014 CL BCAST, Old Windsor, ENGLAND SP EPSRC Ctr LiME, LiME, IOM3, MICRESS HO BCAST ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GRAIN-GROWTH; IRON; STABILITY; ND2FE14B; ALLOYS; POINT AB Pressure effects in RE-lean Nd2Fe14B-based nanocomposite systems developed from nanocrystalline precursors are studied in this work. In particular, the pressure dependence of the alpha -> gamma phase transformation in the Fe phase is examined along with the suppression of coarsening (growth) in both phases at higher pressures. By synchrotron X-ray diffraction we determined that the alpha -> gamma-phase transformations occur at temperatures of 1120 K (847 A degrees C) at 1 GPa and 960 K (687 A degrees C) at 5 GPa. A composition rich in Fe appears to have an similar to 373 K (100 A degrees C) range of temperature over which the alpha, gamma-phases coexist for atmospheric pressure. We compare our experimental data with other reported observations for Fe and with equations of state (EOS) determined from first principle calculations. From this study we observe an important feature: the phase transition begins at a higher temperature in flake samples than in powder samples. We consider the magnetic contribution to the heat capacity in the EOS for Fe and describe the implications of dipole moments on the slope of the Clapeyron equation for the P-T phase diagram in Fe. Additionally, the phase transition occurs at temperatures where growth by diffusional coarsening is also operative. This is significant since the size of soft Fe nanostructures is important to spring exchange. Suppression of the phase transition and Fe coarsening at higher pressures suggest that there may be interesting mechanical processing routes to be investigated to optimize spring exchange effects in Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets. (C) The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2015 C1 [Abuin, Manuel; Aronhime, Natan; Keylin, Vladimir; Leary, Alex; Degeorge, Vincent; Laughlin, David E.; McHenry, Michael E.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15221 USA. [Abuin, Manuel] UCM UPM, Madrid 28040, Spain. [Turgut, Zafer; Horwath, John; Semiatin, S. Lee] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM naronhim@andrew.cmu.edu RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU Wright Patterson Air Force [FA8650-12-D-2225]; AFOSR FX All authors would like to acknowledge Argonne Nation Laboratory for beam time. M.A. would like to acknowledge the PICATA fellowship. M.E.M, V.K., V.D., N.A., and A.L. acknowledge support from the Wright Patterson Air Force (Contract Number: FA8650-12-D-2225). Z.T, J.C.H and S.L.S acknowledge support from the AFOSR. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 46A IS 11 BP 5002 EP 5010 DI 10.1007/s11661-015-3120-0 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CS8NG UT WOS:000362344100020 ER PT J AU Zemla, JC Tossell, CC Kortum, P Byrne, MD AF Zemla, Jeffrey C. Tossell, Chad C. Kortum, Philip Byrne, Michael D. TI A Bayesian approach to predicting website revisitation on mobile phones SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER STUDIES LA English DT Article DE World wide web; Mobile phones; Computational modeling ID WORLD-WIDE-WEB; INTEGRATED THEORY; ENVIRONMENT; SYSTEMS; CONTEXT; MEMORY; MODEL AB Mobile web browsing is highly recurrent, in that a large proportion of user's page requests are to a small set of websites. Despite this, most mobile browsers do not provide an efficient means for revisiting sites. Although significant research exists on prediction in the personal computer realm, little work has been done in the mobile realm where physical constraints of the device and mobile browsing behaviors are vastly different. The current research proposes a Bayesian model approach, based on a cognitive model of memory retrieval that integrates multiple cues in order to predict the next site a user will visit. These cues include frequency of site visitation, the recency of site visitation, and the context in which specific sites are accessed. The model is assessed using previously collected web logs from 24 iPhone users over the course of one year. Our model outperforms simpler models based on frequency or recency, which are sometimes implemented in desktop browsers. Potential applications of the model are discussed with the objective of increasing browsing efficiency on mobile devices. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zemla, Jeffrey C.] Brown Univ, Dept Cognit Linguist & Psychol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Tossell, Chad C.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Kortum, Philip; Byrne, Michael D.] Rice Univ, Dept Psychol, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Byrne, Michael D.] Rice Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Houston, TX USA. RP Zemla, JC (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Cognit Linguist & Psychol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM jzemla@brown.edu FU National Science Foundation [NSF IIS/HCC 0803556] FX This work was supported in part by a National Science Foundation grant NSF IIS/HCC 0803556. The authors would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers for critical feedback that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1071-5819 EI 1095-9300 J9 INT J HUM-COMPUT ST JI Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 83 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2015.06.002 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA CR8DY UT WOS:000361582500004 ER PT J AU Zhdanov, BV Rotondaro, MD Shaffer, MK Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, B. V. Rotondaro, M. D. Shaffer, M. K. Knize, R. J. TI Potassium Diode Pumped Alkali Laser demonstration using a closed cycle flowing system SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Alkali lasers; DPAL; Potassium laser; Thermal effects ID VAPOR LASER; MODEL AB The first Potassium Diode Pumped Alkali Laser (DPAL) with flowing gain medium in closed cycle system has been demonstrated. A slope efficiency of 31% for continuous wave operation was achieved with a maximum output power 5 W. The flow loop was operated with a helium buffer gas pressure of 800 Torr and an alkali metal temperature of 185 degrees C. An examination of laser performance vs flow speed demonstrated higher efficiencies with increasing flow speeds. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved, C1 [Zhdanov, B. V.; Rotondaro, M. D.; Shaffer, M. K.; Knize, R. J.] US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu FU High Energy Lasers Joint Technology Office (HEL JTO) FX We acknowledge support of the High Energy Lasers Joint Technology Office (HEL JTO) who funded this research project, NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 EI 1873-0310 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD NOV 1 PY 2015 VL 354 BP 256 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2015.06.010 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA CQ9BD UT WOS:000360904800042 ER PT J AU Hu, D Liu, Q Tisdale, J Nam, H Park, SY Wang, H Urbas, A Hu, B AF Hu, Dehua Liu, Qing Tisdale, Jeremy Nam, Haerim Park, Soo Young Wang, Hsin Urbas, Augustine Hu, Bin TI Optically tunable Seebeck effect from intramolecular proton-transfer materials in organic vertical thin-film thermoelectric device SO ORGANIC ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Seebeck effect; Proton-transfer; Electron-phonon coupling; Organic semiconductors ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SURFACE POLARIZATION; COEFFICIENT; EFFICIENCY; POLYMER AB This paper reports Seebeck effects from optically-induced intramolecular proton-transfer HPI-Cbz molecules based on vertical electrode/organic film/electrode thin-film devices. We observed large Seebeck coefficients of 428 mu V/K and 390 mu V/K from HPI-Cbz based thin-film devices at 60 degrees C when proton-transfer was induced by the photoexcitation of a 325 nm laser with an intensity of 12 mW/cm(2) and 6 mW/cm(2) respectively. Under dark condition without proton transfer occurring, the Seebeck coefficient was measured to be 342 mu V/K at 60 degrees C. The Seebeck coefficient enhancement by the induced intramolecular charge transfer can be attributed to the enhanced polarization difference between high-and low-temperature surface due to the stronger electron-phonon coupling followed with the proton-transfer in HPI-Cbz under photoexcitation, and the strength of electron-phonon coupling is proportional to the photoexcitation intensity. The enhanced temperature-dependent electrical polarization between the high and low-temperature surfaces acts as an additional driving force to diffuse the majority charge carriers for the development of a large Seebeck effect. Therefore, using intramolecular proton-transfer presents an effective approach of enhancing Seebeck effect in organic materials. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hu, Dehua; Liu, Qing; Tisdale, Jeremy; Hu, Bin] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Nam, Haerim; Park, Soo Young] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, ENG445, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Wang, Hsin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Urbas, Augustine] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hu, Dehua] S China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Luminescent Mat & Devices, Inst Polymer Optoelect Mat & Devices, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Hu, B (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM bhu@utk.edu RI Park, Soo Young/G-1080-2012; Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Park, Soo Young/0000-0002-2272-8524; Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA 9550-15-1-0064]; National Science Foundation [CBET-1438181]; Sustainable Energy Education and Research Center; Center for Materials Processing at the University of Tennessee; Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy [CNMS2012-106, CNMS2012-107, CNMS-2012-108]; National Significant Program [2014CB643506, 2013CB922104]; NSFC Program in China [61475051]; National Science Foundation of China [51403063]; China Postdoctoral Science Fund [2014M562174] FX This research was supported by the financial supports from Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (FA 9550-15-1-0064) and National Science Foundation (CBET-1438181). The authors also acknowledge the support from Sustainable Energy Education and Research Center and Center for Materials Processing at the University of Tennessee. This research was partially conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences based on user project (CNMS2012-106, CNMS2012-107, CNMS-2012-108), which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy. The authors also acknowledge the supports from the National Significant Program (2014CB643506, 2013CB922104) and NSFC Program (61475051) in China. The authors also acknowledge the supports from National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51403063) and China Postdoctoral Science Fund (Grant No. 2014M562174). NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-1199 EI 1878-5530 J9 ORG ELECTRON JI Org. Electron. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 26 BP 117 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.orgel.2015.07.029 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA CR3IX UT WOS:000361226900019 ER PT J AU Li, XN Zhu, Z Li, F Peng, RR Zhai, XF Fu, ZP Lu, YL AF Li, Xiaoning Zhu, Zhu Li, Feng Peng, Ranran Zhai, Xiaofang Fu, Zhengping Lu, Yalin TI Facile route to prepare grain-oriented multiferroic Bi7Fe3-xCoxTi3O21 ceramics SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Grain-oriented; Aurivillius phase; Hydrothermal method; Pressureless sintering; Doping ID PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; FERROELECTRIC CERAMICS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; BI4TI3O12 CERAMICS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; GROWTH; ORIENTATION; TEMPERATURE; ALIGNMENT; CRYSTAL AB A facile route was developed to fabricate Bi7Fe3-xCoxTi3O21 (BECTO) ceramics in which the micrometer sized grains were highly 10 0 1] oriented. The preparation involved dry pressing nanoplates with high aspect ratio under low axial pressure (10 MPa), and subsequently sintering the green compact at high temperature without applied pressure. The formation mechanism and the effects of Co doping on the orientation were investigated. The results indicated that the orientation degree of BECTO grains was depended on the aspect ratio of nanoplate powder, which increased with the increase of doping amount of Co. The degree of orientation was achieved as high as 0.91 in Bi7Fe2CoTi3O21 ceramic. The saturation magnetization (2 Ms) values were larger when surfaces of the oriented grains were perpendicular to the direction of applied magnetic field, indicating obvious anisotropic magnetism. This fabrication method provided an economical yet convenient approach to manufacture grain-oriented complex oxide ceramics with improved magnetic property. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Xiaoning; Zhu, Zhu; Li, Feng; Peng, Ranran; Fu, Zhengping; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Peng, Ranran; Zhai, Xiaofang; Fu, Zhengping; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Synerget Innovat Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum P, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Peng, Ranran; Zhai, Xiaofang; Fu, Zhengping; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Fu, ZP (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM fuzp@ustc.edu.cn; yllu@ustc.edu.cn RI Peng, Ranran/F-5934-2010 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB922000]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KGZD-EW-T06] FX This work was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB922000) and Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant no. KGZD-EW-T06). NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 EI 1873-619X J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 35 IS 13 BP 3437 EP 3443 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.05.032 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA CO3AS UT WOS:000359029300009 ER PT J AU Ahmed, M Khawaja, M Notarianni, M Wang, B Goding, D Gupta, B Boeckl, JJ Takshi, A Motta, N Saddow, SE Iacopi, F AF Ahmed, Mohsin Khawaja, Mohamad Notarianni, Marco Wang, Bei Goding, Dayle Gupta, Bharati Boeckl, John J. Takshi, Arash Motta, Nunzio Saddow, Stephen E. Iacopi, Francesca TI A thin film approach for SiC-derived graphene as an on-chip electrode for supercapacitors SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE on-chip supercapacitors; graphene; silicon carbide ID ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; PORE-SIZE; CARBIDE; CARBON; PERFORMANCES; NANOSHEETS; THICKNESS; POROSITY; GROWTH; OXIDE AB We designed a nickel-assisted process to obtain graphene with sheet resistance as low as 80 Omega square-1 from silicon carbide films on Si wafers with highly enhanced surface area. The silicon carbide film acts as both a template and source of graphitic carbon, while, simultaneously, the nickel induces porosity on the surface of the film by forming silicides during the annealing process which are subsequently removed. As stand-alone electrodes in supercapacitors, these transfer-free graphene-on-chip samples show a typical double-layer supercapacitive behaviour with gravimetric capacitance of up to 65 F g(-1). This work is the first attempt to produce graphene with high surface area from silicon carbide thin films for energy storage at the wafer-level and may open numerous opportunities for on-chip integrated energy storage applications. C1 [Ahmed, Mohsin; Wang, Bei; Goding, Dayle; Iacopi, Francesca] Griffith Univ, Queensland Micro & Nanotechnol Ctr, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. [Khawaja, Mohamad; Notarianni, Marco; Takshi, Arash; Saddow, Stephen E.] Univ S Florida, Dept Elect Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Notarianni, Marco; Gupta, Bharati; Motta, Nunzio] Queensland Univ Technol, Inst Future Environm, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Notarianni, Marco] Plasma Therm LLC, St Petersburg, FL 33716 USA. [Boeckl, John J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Ahmed, M (reprint author), Griffith Univ, Queensland Micro & Nanotechnol Ctr, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. EM f.iacopi@griffith.edu.au RI Iacopi, Francesca/D-8934-2013; Wang, Bei/J-6550-2012; Griffith University, QMNC/I-5498-2013; OI Iacopi, Francesca/0000-0002-3196-0990; Wang, Bei/0000-0002-3793-0629; Motta, Nunzio/0000-0002-3857-1031 FU Australian Research Council [FT120100445]; AFOSR [AOARD 144045]; Australian National Fabrication Facility (ANFF) FX Assoc Prof F Iacopi is the recipient of an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT120100445). Support from the AFOSR through the grant AOARD 144045 is also acknowledged, as well as infrastructure support through the Australian National Fabrication Facility (ANFF). The technical support of Dr Peter Hines and Dr Jamie Riches at the Central Analytical Research Facility of the Institute of Future Environments are also kindly acknowledged. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 32 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD OCT 30 PY 2015 VL 26 IS 43 AR 434005 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/26/43/434005 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CU3OE UT WOS:000363433900006 PM 26447742 ER PT J AU Tang, Z Senkov, ON Parish, CM Zhang, C Zhang, F Santodonato, LJ Wang, GY Zhao, GF Yang, FQ Liaw, PK AF Tang, Zhi Senkov, Oleg N. Parish, Chad M. Zhang, Chuan Zhang, Fan Santodonato, Louis J. Wang, Gongyao Zhao, Guangfeng Yang, Fuqian Liaw, Peter K. TI Tensile ductility of an AlCoCrFeNi multi-phase high-entropy alloy through hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and homogenization SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE High-entropy alloys; Microstructures; Tensile properties; Heat treatment; Thermodynamic modeling; Crack initiation ID PRINCIPAL ELEMENT ALLOYS; V-ZR SYSTEM; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PHASE-STABILITY; SIGMA-PHASE; COMPUTATIONAL THERMODYNAMICS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; CORROSION BEHAVIOR; STAINLESS-STEEL; AL ADDITION AB The microstructure and phase composition of an AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) were studied in as-cast (AlCoCrFeNi-AC, AC represents as-cast) and homogenized (AlCoCrFeNi-HP, HP signifies hot iso-static pressed and homogenized) conditions. The AlCoCrFeNi-AC ally has a dendritric structure in the consisting primarily of a nano-lamellar mixture of A2 (disordered body-centered-cubic (BCC)) and B2 (ordered BCC) phases, formed by an eutectic reaction. The homogenization heat treatment, consisting of hot isostatic pressed for 1 h at 1100 degrees C, 207 MPa and annealing at 1150 degrees C for 50 h, resulted in an increase in the volume fraction of the A1 phase and formation of a Sigma (sigma) phase. Tensile properties in as-cast and homogenized conditions are reported at 700 degrees C. The ultimate tensile strength was virtually unaffected by heat treatment, and was 396 +/- 4 MPa at 700 degrees C. However, homogenization produced a noticeable increase in ductility. The AlCoCrFeNi-AC alloy showed a tensile elongation of only 1.0%, while after the heat-treatment, the elongation of AlCoCrFeNi-HP was 11.7%. Thermodynamic modeling of nonequilibrium and equilibrium phase diagrams for the AlCoCrFeNi HEA gave good agreement with the experimental observations of the phase contents in the AlCoCrFeNi-AC and AlCoCrFeNi-HP. The reasons for the improvement of ductility after the heat treatment and the crack initiation subjected to tensile loading were discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tang, Zhi; Santodonato, Louis J.; Wang, Gongyao; Liaw, Peter K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tang, Zhi] Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Senkov, Oleg N.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Parish, Chad M.; Santodonato, Louis J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, Chuan; Zhang, Fan] CompuTherrn LLC, Madison, WI 53719 USA. [Zhao, Guangfeng; Yang, Fuqian] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Tang, Z (reprint author), Alcoa Tech Ctr, Alloy Technol Div, 100 Tech Dr, Alcoa Ctr, PA 15069 USA. EM Zhi.Tang@alcoa.com; pliaw@utk.edu RI Parish, Chad/J-8381-2013; Santodonato, Louis/A-9523-2015; OI Santodonato, Louis/0000-0002-4600-685X; Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X FU Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy's Nuclear Energy University Program (NEUP) [00119262]; DOE, Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-FE-0008855, DE-FE-0011194, DE-FE-0024054]; U.S. Army Research Office project [W911NF-13-1-3080438]; United States Air Force (USAF) [FA8650-10-D-5226]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)'s Shared Research Equipment (ShaRE) User Program - Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX The authors very much appreciate the original proposed idea of this work from D.B. Miracle of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and his many great comments and discussions on this paper. ZT, LJS, GW, and PKL would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy's Nuclear Energy University Program (NEUP) 00119262, and the DOE, Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DE-FE-0008855, DE-FE-0011194, and DE-FE-0024054), with R.O. Jensen, Jr., L. Tian, V. Cedro, S. Lesica, S. Markovich, J. Mullen, and R. Dunst as program managers. PKL thanks the U.S. Army Research Office project (W911NF-13-1-3080438) with the program manager, S.N. Mathaudhu and D.M. Stepp. The authors also gratefully acknowledge D. Robinson of the Advanced Photon Source CAPS) in the Argonne National Laboratory for assistance with the high-energy X-ray diffraction measurements, D. Fielden, M. Bharadwaj and G. Jones of The University of Tennessee (UT) for the technical support. ZT very much appreciates C.P. Chuang, J.E. Spruiell, and C.D. Lundin of UT, J.S. Hou of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, J.W. Qiao of Taiyuan University of Technology China, M.C. Gao of the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) for helpful discussions. Work at AFRL was supported through the United States Air Force (USAF) Contract no. FA8650-10-D-5226. Research sponsored by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)'s Shared Research Equipment (ShaRE) User Program, which was sponsored by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (C.M. Parish). The authors very much appreciate M.K. Miller of ORNL for his efforts on the atom-probe tomography (APT). NR 77 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 25 U2 70 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 28 PY 2015 VL 647 BP 229 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2015.08.078 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CV4PX UT WOS:000364250100029 ER PT J AU Belyea, DD Lucas, MS Michel, E Horwath, J Miller, CW AF Belyea, Dustin D. Lucas, M. S. Michel, E. Horwath, J. Miller, Casey W. TI Tunable magnetocaloric effect in transition metal alloys SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETIC REFRIGERATION; FIELD-DEPENDENCE; PHASE AB The unpredictability of geopolitical tensions and resulting supply chain and pricing instabilities make it imperative to explore rare earth free magnetic materials. As such, we have investigated fully transition metal based "high entropy alloys" in the context of the magnetocaloric effect. We find the NiFeCoCrPdx family exhibits a second order magnetic phase transition whose critical temperature is tunable from 100 K to well above room temperature. The system notably displays changes in the functionality of the magnetic entropy change depending on x, which leads to nearly 40% enhancement of the refrigerant capacity. A detailed statistical analysis of the universal scaling behavior provides direct evidence that heat treatment and Pd additions reduce the distribution of exchange energies in the system, leading to a more magnetically homogeneous alloy. The general implications of this work are that the parent NiFeCoCr compound can be tuned dramatically with FCC metal additives. Together with their relatively lower cost, their superior mechanical properties that aid manufacturability and their relative chemical inertness that aids product longevity, NiFeCoCr-based materials could ultimately lead to commercially viable magnetic refrigerants. C1 [Belyea, Dustin D.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Lucas, M. S.; Michel, E.; Horwath, J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lucas, M. S.] UTC Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Michel, E.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Miller, Casey W.] Rochester Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Miller, CW (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, 85 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM cwmsch@rit.edu FU US National Science Foundation [1522927] FX Supported by the US National Science Foundation through Award 1522927. Thanks to G. S. Nolas for help with annealing, and J. Rohr for useful discussions. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 42 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD OCT 28 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 15755 DI 10.1038/srep15755 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CU4UF UT WOS:000363525100001 PM 26507636 ER PT J AU Li, XN Zhu, Z Li, F Huang, Y Hu, X Huang, HL Peng, RR Zhai, XF Fu, ZP Lu, YL AF Li, Xiaoning Zhu, Zhu Li, Feng Huang, Yan Hu, Xiang Huang, Haoliang Peng, Ranran Zhai, XiaoFang Fu, Zhengping Lu, Yalin TI Multifunctional Single-Phase Photocatalysts: Extended Near Infrared Photoactivity and Reliable Magnetic Recyclability SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE MULTIFERROIC PROPERTIES; INTERNAL POLAR FIELD; VISIBLE-LIGHT; ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SEPARATED PHOTOCATALYST; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ENERGY-CONVERSION; WATER; METAL AB A practical photocatalyst should be able to integrate together various functions including the extended solar conversion, a feasible and economic recyclability, and above the room temperature operation potential, et al., in order to fulfill the spreading application needs in nowadays. In this report, a multifunctional single-phase photocatalyst which possesses a high photoactivity extended into the near infrared region, an easy magnetic recyclability and the high temperature stability was developed by doping Co into a new layer-structured Bi7Fe3Ti3O21 material. Light absorption and photocatalytic activity of the resulted Bi7Fe3-xCoxTi3O21 photocatalyst were extended to the long wavelength as far as 800 nm. Its strong ferromagnetism above the room temperature enables the nanopowders fully recyclable in viscous solutions simply with a magnet bar in an experimental demonstration. Furthermore, such photoactivity and magnetic recyclability were heavily tested under high-temperature and high-viscosity conditions, which was intended to simulate the actual industrial environments. This work brings the bright light to a full availability of a new multifunctional photocatalyst, via integrating the much enhanced ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, optoelectronic properties, most importantly, into a single-phase structure. C1 [Li, Xiaoning; Zhu, Zhu; Li, Feng; Huang, Yan; Huang, Haoliang; Peng, Ranran; Fu, Zhengping; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Hu, Xiang; Zhai, XiaoFang; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Peng, Ranran; Zhai, XiaoFang; Fu, Zhengping; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Synerget Innovat Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum P, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Fu, ZP (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM fuzp@ustc.edu.cn; yllu@ustc.edu.cn RI Peng, Ranran/F-5934-2010 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB922000]; Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences [KGZD-EW-T06] FX This work was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB922000), Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KGZD-EW-T06). NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 13 U2 59 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD OCT 27 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 15511 DI 10.1038/srep15511 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CU3UJ UT WOS:000363450700001 PM 26503907 ER PT J AU Huang, Y Wang, GP Sun, SJ Wang, JL Peng, RR Lin, Y Zhai, XF Fu, ZP Lu, YL AF Huang, Yan Wang, Guopeng Sun, Shujie Wang, Jianlin Peng, Ranran Lin, Yue Zhai, Xiaofang Fu, Zhengping Lu, Yalin TI Observation of Exchange Anisotropy in Single-Phase Layer-Structured Oxides with Long Periods SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID AURIVILLIUS PHASES; FIELD CONTROL; BIAS; SPINTRONICS; BEHAVIOR; LIMIT AB A remarkable exchange bias effect arising from the temperature-dependent interaction among the ferromagnetic-like cluster glasses and antiferromagnetic regions was observed in a newly developed single-phase multiferroic compound of Bi10Fe6Ti3O30 which has a nine-layer Aurivillius structure. Inhomogeneous distribution of magnetic Fe ions inside this long-period layered structure was experimentally identified via the atomic level imaging. The results confirmed the presence of the short-range magnetic ordering (the cluster glassy state) and the canted antiferromagnetism, and then the direct interaction among them was further confirmed. Finding of this new single-phase material accompanying this remarkable exchange bias effect would be beneficial to both basic physics understanding and the potential device development. C1 [Huang, Yan; Wang, Guopeng; Sun, Shujie; Peng, Ranran; Fu, Zhengping; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Peng, Ranran; Lin, Yue; Zhai, Xiaofang; Fu, Zhengping; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Peng, Ranran; Fu, Zhengping; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Synergy Innovat Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum Ph, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jianlin; Fu, Zhengping; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Peng, RR (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM pengrr@ustc.edu.cn; yllu@ustc.edu.cn RI Peng, Ranran/F-5934-2010; Sun, Shujie/N-1421-2016 OI Sun, Shujie/0000-0001-7079-8378 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB922001]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51072193]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [WK2060140019]; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research; DTRA [DTRAA 122221] FX This work was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB922001), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51072193) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK2060140019). Dr. Lu thanks the support from US Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the support from DTRA (DTRAA 122221). NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 31 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD OCT 21 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 15261 DI 10.1038/srep15261 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CU1MD UT WOS:000363285100001 PM 26487509 ER PT J AU Anderson, B Flores, A Holten, R Dajani, I AF Anderson, Brian Flores, Angel Holten, Roger Dajani, Iyad TI Comparison of phase modulation schemes for coherently combined fiber amplifiers SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-FIBERS; LINEWIDTH; LOCKING; ARRAY; KW AB Optical linewidth broadening through both white noise (WNS) and pseudo-random binary sequence (PBRS) phase modulation are effective techniques for suppressing stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in high-power fiber amplifiers. However, detailed studies comparing both coherent beam combining and SBS suppression of these phase modulation schemes have not been reported. In this study, a passive fiber cutback experiment is performed comparing the SBS threshold enhancement factor of a PRBS and WNS broadened seed as a function of linewidth and fiber length. Particularly, assuming an optimal PRBS pattern is chosen, pseudo-random modulation provides superior SBS suppression than WNS for a given fiber length and signal linewidth. Furthermore, two WNS and PRBS modulated 150 W fiber lasers are coherently combined to measure and compare the combining efficiency, beam quality, and coherence as a function of optical path length difference. Notably, the discrete spectral density of PRBS modulation provides a re-coherence effect where the lasers periodically come back into phase. Overall, this may reduce path length matching complexity in coherently combined fiber laser systems. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Anderson, Brian; Flores, Angel; Holten, Roger; Dajani, Iyad] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Anderson, Brian] Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Flores, A (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM angel.flores.1@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Scholars program FX The authors would like to thank Dr. John Luginsland of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Scholars program for partially supporting this research. The authors would also like to thank Drs. Chunte Lu and Craig Robin for help with some of the early work on this project. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 19 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 21 BP 27046 EP 27060 DI 10.1364/OE.23.027046 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA CY7FR UT WOS:000366574400017 PM 26480366 ER PT J AU Hague, RK Barker, K Ramirez-Marquez, JE AF Hague, Robert K. Barker, Kash Ramirez-Marquez, Jose E. TI Interval-valued availability framework for supplier selection based on component importance SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE supplier selection; availability; importance measures; multi-criteria decision-making ID FUZZY TOPSIS; DECISION; MODEL; RISK; INTEGRATION; CRITERIA; CHAIN; AHP AB The availability of ageing systems, particularly weapon systems within the Department of Defense, is of significant concern, as budgets tighten and system replacement is infeasible. This work addresses the selection of sole suppliers according to their ability to provide component parts that strengthen availability of the system. We extend a popular multi-criteria decision-making approach, Technique for Order Preferences by Similarity to an Ideal Solution, by (i) considering the availability of individual components as the criteria in the decision problem and (ii) weighting those criteria according to the value of component importance measures while (iii) accounting for uncertainty in underlying reliability and maintainability parameters with interval numbers. An aircraft example illustrates the approach. C1 [Hague, Robert K.] Tinker AFB, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Hague, Robert K.; Barker, Kash] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ramirez-Marquez, Jose E.] Stevens Inst Technol, Sch Syst & Enterprises, Engn Management Program, Syst Dev & Matur Lab, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. RP Barker, K (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM kashbarker@ou.edu OI Barker, Kash/0000-0002-0142-1558 FU Naval Postgraduate School Assistance - NAVSUP Fleet Logistics Center San Diego [N00244-14-1-0027]; United States Air Force FX This publication results from research supported by the Naval Postgraduate School Assistance [grant number N00244-14-1-0027] awarded by the NAVSUP Fleet Logistics Center San Diego. Further, this work was supported in part by tuition assistance funding provided by the United States Air Force. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7543 EI 1366-588X J9 INT J PROD RES JI Int. J. Prod. Res. PD OCT 18 PY 2015 VL 53 IS 20 BP 6083 EP 6096 DI 10.1080/00207543.2015.1018454 PG 14 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA CP5FL UT WOS:000359906600004 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Abeysinghe, DC Zhan, QW AF Wang, Shiyi Abeysinghe, Don C. Zhan, Qiwen TI Generation of vectorial optical fields with slot-antenna-based metasurface SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BEAMS; VORTEX; LIGHT; BIREFRINGENCE; MANIPULATION; CREATION; VACUUM; NEEDLE AB A transmission-type metasurface composed of carefully designed rectangular slot antennas for the generation of vectorial optical fields is proposed and demonstrated. Acting as local linear polarizers, these slot antennas enable the spatial modulation of optical fields in amplitude, phase, and polarization for the cross-polarized component of the scattered field. As an illustration, a metasurface capable of forming a radially polarized scattered field with specific vectorial beam patterns with appropriate excitation at normal incidence is designed, fabricated, and tested. The radially polarized scattered field is designed to be further tightly focused by a high numerical aperture objective lens in order to obtain a uniform longitudinally polarized optical needle field along the propagation direction. Characterization experiments demonstrate that its overall extinction ratio satisfies the amplitude modulation requirement, and a corresponding pi phase modulation is realized as proposed. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Wang, Shiyi; Zhan, Qiwen] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Grad Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Abeysinghe, Don C.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhan, QW (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Electroopt Grad Program, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM qzhan1@udayton.edu OI Wang, Shiyi/0000-0001-6175-1017 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 8 U2 36 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 20 BP 4711 EP 4714 DI 10.1364/OL.40.004711 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV7QF UT WOS:000364468400036 PM 26469601 ER PT J AU Shea, CJA Carhuatanta, KAK Wagner, J Bechmann, N Moore, R Herman, JP Jankord, R AF Shea, Chloe J. A. Carhuatanta, Kimberly A. K. Wagner, Jessica Bechmann, Naomi Moore, Raquel Herman, James P. Jankord, Ryan TI Variable impact of chronic stress on spatial learning and memory in BXD mice SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2014 Neurobiology Stress Workshop CY JUN 17-20, 2014 CL Cincinnati, OH DE BXD; QTL; Stress; Spatial learning; Spatial memory; Genetics ID FAMILIAL HEMIPLEGIC MIGRAINE; CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE STRESS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MORRIS WATER MAZE; GENETIC-DETERMINANTS; EXPRESSION; RATS; CORTEX; PERFORMANCE; DEFICIENCY AB The effects of chronic stress on learning are highly variable across individuals. This variability stems from gene-environment interactions. However, the mechanisms by which stress affects genetic predictors of learning are unclear. Thus, we aim to determine whether the genetic pathways that predict spatial memory performance are altered by previous exposure to chronic stress. Sixty-two BXD recombinant inbred strains of mice, as well as parent strains C57BL/6J and DBA/2J, were randomly assigned as behavioral control or to a chronic variable stress paradigm and then underwent behavioral testing to assess spatial memory and learning performance using the Morris water maze. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping was completed for average escape latency times for both control and stress animals. Loci on chromosomes 5 and 10 were found in both control and stress environmental populations; eight additional loci were found to be unique to either the control or stress environment. In sum, results indicate that certain genetic loci predict spatial memory performance regardless of prior stress exposure, while exposure to stress also reveals unique genetic predictors of training during the memory task. Thus, we find that genetic predictors contributing to spatial learning and memory are susceptible to the presence of chronic stress. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Shea, Chloe J. A.; Carhuatanta, Kimberly A. K.; Wagner, Jessica; Bechmann, Naomi; Moore, Raquel; Jankord, Ryan] US Air Force, Appl Neurosci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Carhuatanta, Kimberly A. K.] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council, Res Associate Program, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Bechmann, Naomi; Moore, Raquel] Infoscitex Inc, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Herman, James P.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Jankord, R (reprint author), 711thHuman Performance Wing, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ryan.Jankord@us.af.mil RI Herman, James/D-4960-2015 OI Herman, James/0000-0003-3571-2406 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research/Air Force Research Laboratory (AFOSR/AFRL) [14RH08COR] FX This work was completed with the help of TSgt Laura Bass, Dr. Megan Durbin, TSgt Andrew Jimenez, Dr. Catherine Harrison, Dr. Erica Johnson, Dr. Tom Lamkin, 1st Lt Danielle McCarty and 1st Lt Wilson Tucker. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research/Air Force Research Laboratory (AFOSR/AFRL) (14RH08COR). Distribution A: approved for public release: distribution unlimited. 88ABW-2013-4761. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD OCT 15 PY 2015 VL 150 SI SI BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.06.022 PG 9 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA CR5RG UT WOS:000361401000011 PM 26079812 ER PT J AU de Leon, A Arias, E Moggio, I Gallardo-Vega, C Ziolo, R Rodriguez, O Trigari, S Giorgetti, E Leibig, C Evans, D AF de Leon, Arxel Arias, Eduardo Moggio, Ivana Gallardo-Vega, Carlos Ziolo, Ronald Rodriguez, Oliverio Trigari, Silvana Giorgetti, Emilia Leibig, Carl Evans, Dean TI Synthesis of mercaptopropyl-(phenylene)s-benzoates passivated gold nanoparticles: Implications for plasmonic photovoltaic cells SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticles; Tetraoctylammonium bromide; AFM; EFM; Optical properties; Simulation; Solar cells ID SOLAR-CELLS; BANDGAP POLYMERS; AU NANOPARTICLES; EFFICIENCY; ENHANCEMENT; DEVICES AB The incorporation of gold nanoparticles in heterojunction solar cells is expected to increase the efficiency due to plasmon effects, but the literature studies are sometimes controversial. In this work, gold nanoparticles passivated with (Ph)(n)-(CH2)(3)SH (n = 1, 2,3) have been synthesized by reduction of tetrachloroauric acid with sodium borohydride in two ways: (1) one-phase where both the thiol and the gold salt are solubilized in a mixture of methanol with acetic acid: Au-s-(Ph)(n) or (2), two-phase, using tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOAB) to transfer gold from water to toluene where the thiol is solubilized, Au(TOAB)-s-(Ph)(n). The morphological, experimental and simulated optical properties were studied and analyzed as a function of the thiol and of the synthetic procedure in order to correlate them with the efficiency of plasmonic hybrid solar cells in the following configuration ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM-C60:A u-nanoparticles/Field's metal, where PEDOT:PSS is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate), P3HT is poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and PCBM-C60 is [6,6]-Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester. Our findings indicate that the gold nanoparticles incorporation is affecting the electrical properties of the active layer giving a maximum efficiency for Au-s-(Ph)(3). Moreover, TOAB, which is usually used in the synthesis of thiol passivated gold nanoparticles, has negative effects in both plasmonic and electrical properties. This result is important for optoelectronic applications of gold nanoparticles prepared with any procedures that involve TOAB. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [de Leon, Arxel; Arias, Eduardo; Moggio, Ivana; Gallardo-Vega, Carlos; Ziolo, Ronald; Rodriguez, Oliverio] Ctr Invest Quim Aplicada, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico. [Trigari, Silvana; Giorgetti, Emilia] Ist Sistemi Complessi, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Leibig, Carl; Evans, Dean] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Moggio, I (reprint author), Ctr Invest Quim Aplicada, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico. EM arxelbmx@gmail.com; eduardo.arias@ciqa.edu.mx; ivana.moggio@ciqa.edu.mx; carlos.gallardo@ciqa.edu.mx; rziolo@cs.com; oliverio.rodriguez@ciqa.edu.mx; silvana.trigari@isc.cnr.it; emilia.giorgetti@fi.isc.cnr.it; carl.liebig.1@us.af.mil; dean.evans@us.af.mil FU CONACYT-Mexico [98513R, 232753]; United States Air Force Office for Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-11-1-0003] FX This work was funded by CONACYT-Mexico through the 98513R and 232753 (National Laboratory for Graphene) projects and by the United States Air Force Office for Scientific Research (AFOSR) through grant FA9550-11-1-0003. Technical assistance from Enrique Diaz and Pablo Acuna is acknowledged. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 46 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 EI 1095-7103 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 2015 VL 456 BP 182 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.06.029 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CN5GT UT WOS:000358458500024 PM 26122799 ER PT J AU Fajardo, ME Molek, CD Vesely, AL AF Fajardo, Mario E. Molek, Christopher D. Vesely, Annamaria L. TI Coherent optical transients observed in rubidium atomic line filtered Doppler velocimetry experiments SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM RAMAN; GLOBAL VELOCIMETRY; SHOCK-WAVES; DIODE-LASER; VELOCITY-MEASUREMENTS; FREQUENCY-MODULATION; ALKALI ATOMS; D-2 LINES; SPECTROSCOPY; INTERFEROMETER AB We report the first successful results from our novel Rubidium Atomic Line Filtered (RALF) Doppler velocimetry apparatus, along with unanticipated oscillatory signals due to coherent optical transients generated within pure Rb vapor cells. RALF is a high-velocity and high-acceleration extension of the well-known Doppler Global Velocimetry (DGV) technique for constructing multidimensional flow velocity vector maps in aerodynamics experiments [H. Komine, U.S. Patent No. 4,919,536 (24 April 1990)]. RALF exploits the frequency dependence of pressure-broadened Rb atom optical absorptions in a heated Rb/N-2 gas cell to encode the Doppler shift of reflected nearresonant (lambda(0) approximate to 780.24 nm) laser light onto the intensity transmitted by the cell. The present RALF apparatus combines fiber optic and free-space components and was built to determine suitable operating conditions and performance parameters for the Rb/N-2 gas cells. It yields single-spot velocities of thin laser-driven-flyer test surfaces and incorporates a simultaneous Photonic Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) channel [Strand et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 083108 (2006)] for validation of the RALF results, which we demonstrate here over the v = 0 to 1 km/s range. Both RALF and DGV presume the vapor cells to be simple Beer's Law optical absorbers, so we were quite surprised to observe oscillatory signals in experiments employing low pressure pure Rb vapor cells. We interpret these oscillations as interference between the Doppler shifted reflected light and the Free Induction Decay (FID) coherent optical transient produced within the pure Rb cells at the original laser frequency; this is confirmed by direct comparison of the PDV and FID signals. We attribute the different behaviors of the Rb/N-2 vs. Rb gas cells to efficient dephasing of the atomic/optical coherences by Rb-N-2 collisions. The minimum necessary N-2 buffer gas density approximate to 0.3 amagat translates into a smallest useful velocity range of 0 to 2 km/s, which can readily be extended to cover the 0 to 10 km/s range, and beyond. The recognition that coherent optical transients can be produced within low pressure vapor cells during velocimetry experiments may offer new insights into some quantitative discrepancies reported in earlier DGV studies. Future plans include "line-RALF" experiments with streak camera detection, and two-dimensional surface velocity mapping using pulsed laser illumination and/or gated intensified CCD camera detection. C1 [Fajardo, Mario E.; Molek, Christopher D.; Vesely, Annamaria L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Ordnance Div,Energet Mat Branch,AFRL RWME, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Fajardo, ME (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Ordnance Div,Energet Mat Branch,AFRL RWME, 2306 Perimeter Rd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM mario.fajardo@eglin.af.mil NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 14 PY 2015 VL 118 IS 14 AR 144901 DI 10.1063/1.4932670 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CT7CP UT WOS:000362971200015 ER PT J AU Roth, CC Barnes, RA Ibey, BL Beier, HT Mimun, LC Maswadi, SM Shadaram, M Glickman, RD AF Roth, Caleb C. Barnes, Ronald A., Jr. Ibey, Bennett L. Beier, Hope T. Mimun, L. Christopher Maswadi, Saher M. Shadaram, Mehdi Glickman, Randolph D. TI Characterization of Pressure Transients Generated by Nanosecond Electrical Pulse (nsEP) Exposure SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID GENE-TRANSFER; ULTRASOUND; SONOPORATION; CELLS; CAVITATION; KINETICS; TISSUE AB The mechanism(s) responsible for the breakdown (nanoporation) of cell plasma membranes after nanosecond pulse (nsEP) exposure remains poorly understood. Current theories focus exclusively on the electrical field, citing electrostriction, water dipole alignment and/or electrodeformation as the primary mechanisms for pore formation. However, the delivery of a high-voltage nsEP to cells by tungsten electrodes creates a multitude of biophysical phenomena, including electrohydraulic cavitation, electrochemical interactions, thermoelastic expansion, and others. To date, very limited research has investigated non-electric phenomena occurring during nsEP exposures and their potential effect on cell nanoporation. Of primary interest is the production of acoustic shock waves during nsEP exposure, as it is known that acoustic shock waves can cause membrane poration (sonoporation). Based on these observations, our group characterized the acoustic pressure transients generated by nsEP and determined if such transients played any role in nanoporation. In this paper, we show that nsEP exposures, equivalent to those used in cellular studies, are capable of generating high-frequency (2.5 MHz), high-intensity (>13 kPa) pressure transients. Using confocal microscopy to measure cell uptake of YO-PRO (R)-1 (indicator of nanoporation of the plasma membrane) and changing the electrode geometry, we determined that acoustic waves alone are not responsible for poration of the membrane. C1 [Roth, Caleb C.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Radiol Sci, Sch Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Barnes, Ronald A., Jr.; Maswadi, Saher M.; Shadaram, Mehdi] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Elect Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Ibey, Bennett L.] US Air Force, Radio Frequency Bioeffects Branch, Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate,Res Lab, Jbsa Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Beier, Hope T.] US Air Force, Opt Radiat Bioeffects Branch, Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate,Res Lab, Jbsa Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Mimun, L. Christopher] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Glickman, Randolph D.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Roth, CC (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Radiol Sci, Sch Med, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM rothc@livemail.uthscsa.edu FU USAF AFMC 711th HPW/CL Chief Scientist Seedling Award; OSD-T&E (Office of Secretary Defense-Test and Evaluation), Defense - National Defense Education Program (NDEP)/BA-1, Basic Research [Wide/PE0601120D8Z]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-LRIR 139RH08COR] FX This work was supported by USAF AFMC 711th HPW/CL 2014 Chief Scientist Seedling Award (B. L. I.). Mr. Roth is a SMART Scholar and is supported by the OSD-T&E (Office of Secretary Defense-Test and Evaluation), Defense -Wide/PE0601120D8Z National Defense Education Program (NDEP)/BA-1, Basic Research. This study was also supported by a grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR-LRIR 139RH08COR). We would like to thank Mr. Gary Noojin for his technical expertise concerning optical setups. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD OCT 9 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 15063 DI 10.1038/srep15063 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CT0KE UT WOS:000362483300001 PM 26450165 ER PT J AU Mayberry, CS Huang, DH Balakrishnan, G Kouhestani, C Islam, N Brueck, SRJ Sharma, AK AF Mayberry, C. S. Huang, Danhong Balakrishnan, G. Kouhestani, C. Islam, N. Brueck, S. R. J. Sharma, A. K. TI Characterization of carrier transport properties in strained crystalline Si wall-like structures in the quasi-quantum regime SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERFEROMETRIC LITHOGRAPHY; INTERFACE; SILICON; TECHNOLOGY; MOBILITY; FINFET; MODEL; GE AB We report the transport characteristics of both electrons and holes through narrow constricted crystalline Si "wall-like" long-channels that were surrounded by a thermally grown SiO2 layer. The strained buffering depth inside the Si region (due to Si/SiO2 interfacial lattice mismatch) is where scattering is seen to enhance some modes of the carrier-lattice interaction, while suppressing others, thereby changing the relative value of the effective masses of both electrons and holes, as compared to bulk Si. In the narrowest wall devices, a considerable increase in conductivity was observed as a result of higher carrier mobilities due to lateral constriction and strain. The strain effects, which include the reversal splitting of light-and heavy-hole bands as well as the decrease of conduction-band effective mass by reduced Si bandgap energy, are formulated in our microscopic model for explaining the experimentally observed enhancements in both conduction-and valence-band mobilities with reduced Si wall thickness. Also, the enhancements of the valenceband and conduction-band mobilities are found to be associated with different aspects of theoretical model. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Mayberry, C. S.; Huang, Danhong; Kouhestani, C.; Sharma, A. K.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Balakrishnan, G.; Brueck, S. R. J.; Sharma, A. K.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Islam, N.] Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Brueck, S. R. J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM danhong.huang@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate for their support and interest in this work. D.H. thanks the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for its support. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 7 PY 2015 VL 118 IS 13 AR 134301 DI 10.1063/1.4931151 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CT2XG UT WOS:000362668400018 ER PT J AU Kormann, F Ma, D Belyea, DD Lucas, MS Miller, CW Grabowski, B Sluiter, MHF AF Kormann, F. Ma, D. Belyea, D. D. Lucas, M. S. Miller, C. W. Grabowski, B. Sluiter, M. H. F. TI "Treasure maps" for magnetic high-entropy-alloys from theory and experiment SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOCALORIC MATERIALS; 1ST-PRINCIPLES THEORY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; POTENTIAL MODEL; APPROXIMATION; SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSITIONS AB The critical temperature and saturation magnetization for four- and five-component FCC transition metal alloys are predicted using a formalism that combines density functional theory and a magnetic mean-field model. Our theoretical results are in excellent agreement with experimental data presented in both this work and in the literature. The generality and power of this approach allow us to computationally design alloys with well-defined magnetic properties. Among other alloys, the method is applied to CoCrFeNiPd alloys, which have attracted attention recently for potential magnetic applications. The computational framework is able to predict the experimentally measured T-C and to explore the dominant mechanisms for alloying trends with Pd. A wide range of ferromagnetic properties and Curie temperatures near room temperature in hitherto unexplored alloys is predicted in which Pd is replaced in varying degrees by, e.g., Ag, Au, and Cu. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Kormann, F.; Sluiter, M. H. F.] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands. [Ma, D.; Grabowski, B.] Max Planck Inst Eisenforsch GmbH, D-40237 Dusseldorf, Germany. [Belyea, D. D.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Lucas, M. S.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Miller, C. W.] Rochester Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Kormann, F (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Mekelweg 2, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands. EM f.h.w.kormann@tudelft.nl; cwmsch@rit.edu RI Kormann, Fritz/A-5677-2012; Grabowski, Blazej/D-8430-2012; Ma, Duancheng/N-1231-2016; Sluiter, Marcel/E-6086-2010 OI Kormann, Fritz/0000-0003-3050-6291; Grabowski, Blazej/0000-0003-4281-5665; Sluiter, Marcel/0000-0002-6514-4318 FU European Research Council under the EU's 7th Framework Programme (FP7)/ERC [290998]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [KO 5080/1-1]; U.S. National Science Foundation [1522927] FX The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to Professor Andrei V. Ruban at Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden for fruitful discussions on the EMTO calculations. Funding by the European Research Council under the EU's 7th Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement No. 290998 and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for the scholarship KO 5080/1-1 are gratefully acknowledged. Work at USF and RIT was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through Award No. 1522927; we thank J. Horwath for discussions. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 11 U2 51 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 5 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 14 AR 142404 DI 10.1063/1.4932571 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CU3JV UT WOS:000363422100041 ER PT J AU Rajabifar, B Kim, S Slinker, K Ehlert, GJ Hart, AJ Maschmann, MR AF Rajabifar, Bahram Kim, Sanha Slinker, Keith Ehlert, Gregory J. Hart, A. John Maschmann, Matthew R. TI Three-dimensional machining of carbon nanotube forests using water-assisted scanning electron microscope processing SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BEAM; GROWTH; STRENGTH; ARRAYS; SENSOR; DAMAGE AB We demonstrate that vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be precisely machined in a low pressure water vapor ambient using the electron beam of an environmental scanning electron microscope. The electron beam locally damages the irradiated regions of the CNT forest and also dissociates the water vapor molecules into reactive species including hydroxyl radicals. These species then locally oxidize the damaged region of the CNTs. The technique offers material removal capabilities ranging from selected CNTs to hundreds of cubic microns. We study how the material removal rate is influenced by the acceleration voltage, beam current, dwell time, operating pressure, and CNT orientation. Milled cuts with depths between 0-100 microns are generated, corresponding to a material removal rate of up to 20.1 mu m(3)/min. The technique produces little carbon residue and does not disturb the native morphology of the CNT network. Finally, we demonstrate direct machining of pyramidal surfaces and re-entrant cuts to create freestanding geometries. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Rajabifar, Bahram; Maschmann, Matthew R.] Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kim, Sanha; Hart, A. John] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kim, Sanha; Hart, A. John] Univ Missouri, Lab Mfg & Prod, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Slinker, Keith; Ehlert, Gregory J.] Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RX, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Slinker, Keith] Univ Technol Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45424 USA. RP Maschmann, MR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM MaschmannM@missouri.edu RI Hart, A. John/A-9027-2010 OI Hart, A. John/0000-0002-7372-3512 FU Missouri Research Board, Oak Ridge Associated Universities; University of Missouri startup funds FX M.R.M. and B.R.F. acknowledge funding from the Missouri Research Board, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, and from University of Missouri startup funds. They also thank Dr. Tommi White and the MU Electron Microscopy Core Facility for providing access to ESEM and microscopy facilities. S.K. and A.J.H. acknowledge support of the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (No. DE-SC0004927) for substrate preparation and CNT growth. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 5 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 14 AR 143102 DI 10.1063/1.4932522 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CU3JV UT WOS:000363422100057 ER PT J AU Poggie, J Bisek, NJ Gosse, R AF Poggie, Jonathan Bisek, Nicholas J. Gosse, Ryan TI Resolution effects in compressible, turbulent boundary layer simulations SO COMPUTERS & FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE Turbulent boundary layer; Compressible flow; Direct numerical simulation; Implicit large-eddy simulation; Resolution ID DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; FLOWS AB This paper presents the first systematic study of resolution in compressible, turbulent boundary simulations, and the best-resolved simulation carried out to date. Direct numerical simulation (DNS) and wall-resolved, implicit large-eddy simulation (ILES-NWR) were carried out for a turbulent boundary layer at a Mach number of M = 2.3 and maximum momentum thickness Reynolds number of Re-theta i = 2 x 10(3). The wall temperature was fixed at a constant value corresponding to the nominal adiabatic wall temperature. The flow was developed spatially from a laminar boundary layer similarity solution specified at the inflow, and transition to turbulence was promoted with an artificial body force trip. The effects of spatial resolution in the range of ILES-NWR, conventional DNS, and very strict DNS were considered. The finest grid in the spatial resolution study consisted of 33 x 10(10) points, and maintained max (Delta x(1)(+), Delta x(2)(+), Delta x(3)(+)) <= 1 everywhere. With the resolution at the wall held at (Delta x(2)(+))(W) < 1, statistics characterizing large-scale flow features converged for max (Delta x(i)(+)) <= 10, and agreed well with experimental data. Velocity spectra in the outer part of the boundary layer agreed well at low wavenumber for all grids in this range of mesh spacing, and increasing resolution acted to fill out the high-wavenumber end of the spectrum. In all cases, the resolved region of the spectrum agreed well with a well-validated model of the spectrum of isotropic turbulence. Thus, ILES-NWR can be concluded to converge seamlessly to DNS as the spatial resolution is increased. The low-wavenumber aspect of spatial resolution was examined by varying the width of the computational domain, with a fixed level of small-scale resolution. The primary influence of increasing domain width was to capture additional spectral content in low spanwise wavenumbers; other statistics were found to be identical. Further, turbulence statistics were found to be essentially independent of the domain width for values between two and eight times the maximum boundary layer thickness. This work predicts computationally, for the first time, the full velocity spectrum in the outer part of the boundary layer. In doing so, it justifies use of the ILES-NWR approach as long as the maximum grid spacing is less than 10 in inner units, and the domain width is at least two times the maximum boundary layer thickness. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Poggie, Jonathan; Bisek, Nicholas J.; Gosse, Ryan] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Poggie, J (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jpoggie@purdue.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, under LRIR Task [14RQ18COR]; Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Centers at the Air Force Research Laboratory; Army Research Laboratory; Army Engineer Research and Development Center, provided under a Department of Defense, High-Performance Computation Modernization Program Frontier Project FX This project was sponsored in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, under LRIR Task 14RQ18COR monitored by I. Leyva. It was also supported by grants of High Performance Computing time from the Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Centers at the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Army Research Laboratory, and the Army Engineer Research and Development Center, provided under a Department of Defense, High-Performance Computation Modernization Program Frontier Project. NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7930 EI 1879-0747 J9 COMPUT FLUIDS JI Comput. Fluids PD OCT 5 PY 2015 VL 120 BP 57 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.compfluid.2015.07.015 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Mechanics GA CS0SX UT WOS:000361773600005 ER PT J AU Payne, BC Tresl, J AF Payne, Brian C. Tresl, Jiri TI Hedge fund replication with a genetic algorithm: breeding a usable mousetrap SO QUANTITATIVE FINANCE LA English DT Article DE Hedge Funds; Replication; Genetic Algorithm; C61; G11 ID RISK; RETURNS; PERFORMANCE; ARBITRAGE; MARKET; STYLE AB This study tests the performance of 14 hedge fund index clones created using parsimonious out-of-sample replication portfolios consisting solely of easily accessible assets. We employ a genetic algorithm to integrate two traditional hedge fund replication methods, the factor-based and pay-off distribution replication methods, and evaluate over 4500 commonly held stocks, bonds and mutual funds as replicating portfolio components. In-sample performance indicates that hedge funds have return series similar to portfolios of commonly held assets, and out-of-sample results provide evidence that the in-sample relationships can hold with infrequent rebalancing. This hedge fund replication attempt rates well relatively to prior efforts as 11 replicating portfolios have out-of-sample correlation values of at least 60%. Overall, these results show promise for using a genetic algorithm technique to replicate hedge fund returns. C1 [Payne, Brian C.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Tresl, Jiri] Univ Nebraska, Dept Finance, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Tresl, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Finance, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM jtresl2@unl.edu RI Tresl, Jiri/A-7041-2015 FU Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [14-31783S]; GACR [14-31783S] FX We would like to thank Keith Black, George McCabe, Alex Gurvich, John Geppert, Geoffrey Friesen, Richard DeFusco, participants at the 2013 Midwest Finance Association Conference, participants at the 2013 Applied FMA conference. All mistakes are ours. This work was supported in part by Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [14-31783S]. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense or the US Government. Support from GACR grant number 14-31783S is gratefully acknowledged. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 7 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1469-7688 EI 1469-7696 J9 QUANT FINANC JI Quant. Financ. PD OCT 3 PY 2015 VL 15 IS 10 SI SI BP 1705 EP 1726 DI 10.1080/14697688.2014.979222 PG 22 WC Business, Finance; Economics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA CR5HW UT WOS:000361372800001 ER PT J AU Carroll, M Cook, K Shaak, T AF Carroll, Matthew Cook, Kristen Shaak, Thomas TI Genomic Sequencing of Uric Acid Metabolizing and Clearing Genes in Relationship to Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Dose SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carroll, Matthew] Keesler Med Ctr, Rheumatol, Keesler AFB, MS USA. [Cook, Kristen] Keesler Med Ctr, Internal Med, Keesler AFB, MS USA. [Shaak, Thomas] USAF, Keesler Med Ctr, Clin Res Lab, Keesler AFB, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2326-5191 EI 2326-5205 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUMATOL JI Arthritis Rheumatol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 67 SU 10 MA 97 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA DE8BG UT WOS:000370860201095 ER PT J AU Liu, J Cui, GL Li, HB Himed, B AF Liu, Jun Cui, Guolong Li, Hongbin Himed, Braham TI On the Performance of a Persymmetric Adaptive Matched Filter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID PARTIALLY-HOMOGENEOUS ENVIRONMENT; SUBSPACE DETECTOR; TARGET DETECTION; RADAR DETECTION; MIMO RADAR; ALGORITHM; PREDICTION; CLUTTER; GLRT AB We examine the adaptive detection problem in the presence of colored noise with an unknown covariance matrix, by exploiting a persymmetric structure in the received signal. The persymmetric adaptive matched filter (PS-AMF) is used to address this problem, which can significantly alleviate the requirement of secondary data. In G. Pailloux et al. "Persymmetric adaptive radar detectors," (2011) the probability of false alarm of the PS-AMF has been obtained in terms of the Gaussian hypergeometric function. In this paper, finite-sum expressions for the probability of false alarm of the PS-AMF are derived, which are more convenient to use in calculating the detection threshold. Moreover, the detection probabilities of the PS-AMF for both nonfluctuating and fluctuating target models are derived. In the fluctuating model, the amplitude of the target echoes is described by a generalized Chi distribution that involves the Rayleigh distribution as a special case. These theoretical results are all confirmed using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. C1 [Liu, Jun] Xidian Univ, Natl Lab Radar Signal Proc, Xian 710071, Peoples R China. [Cui, Guolong] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Sch Elect Engn, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. [Li, Hongbin] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Himed, Braham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Xidian Univ, Natl Lab Radar Signal Proc, Xian 710071, Peoples R China. EM hongbin.li@stevens.edu NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 51 IS 4 BP 2605 EP 2614 DI 10.1109/TAES.2015.140633 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DC1VO UT WOS:000369006000008 ER PT J AU Sherrill, RE Sinclair, AJ Sinha, SC Lovell, TA AF Sherrill, Ryan E. Sinclair, Andrew J. Sinha, S. C. Lovell, T. Alan TI Lyapunov-Floquet Control of Satellite Relative Motion in Elliptic Orbits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID FORMATION-FLYING SPACECRAFT; STATE TRANSITION MATRIX; FEEDBACK-CONTROL; ELEMENTS; LAW AB This paper proposes a method for continuous-thrust control of satellite formations in elliptic orbits. A previously calculated Lyapunov-Floquet transformation relates the linearized equations of relative motion for elliptic chief orbits to the Hill-Clohessy-Wiltshire equations describing circular chiefs. Using a control law based on Lyapunov-Floquet theory, a time-varying feedback gain is computed that drives a deputy satellite toward rendezvous with an elliptic chief. This control law stabilizes the relative motion across a wide range of chief eccentricities. C1 [Sherrill, Ryan E.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL USA. [Sinclair, Andrew J.] Auburn Univ, Aerosp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Sinha, S. C.] Auburn Univ, Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sherrill, RE (reprint author), Engility Corp, 51 3rd St,Bldg 9, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. EM ryanesherrill@gmail.com RI Sinclair, Andrew/H-2156-2013 NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 51 IS 4 BP 2800 EP 2810 DI 10.1109/TAES.2015.140281 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DC1VO UT WOS:000369006000022 ER PT J AU Metcalf, JG Sahin, C Blunt, SD Rangaswamy, M AF Metcalf, Justin G. Sahin, Cenk Blunt, Shannon D. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI Analysis of Symbol-Design Strategies for Intrapulse Radar-Embedded Communications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB The design of communication symbols that may be embedded on an intrapulse basis into the backscatter generated by a high-power, pulsed radar is considered. This framework requires the asynchronous detection of transmitted symbols in a high-interference environment that degrades the capabilities of conventional intercept receivers. The impact of symbol design and filter structure upon the successful detection of covert symbols by the intended receiver and a hypothetical partially clairvoyant intercept receiver is examined. C1 [Metcalf, Justin G.] Univ Kansas, Radar Syst & Remote Sensing Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Metcalf, Justin G.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sahin, Cenk] Univ Kansas, Elect Engn, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Blunt, Shannon D.] Univ Kansas, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Radar Syst & Remote Sensing Lab RSL, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, RF Exploitat Branch, Radar Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Metcalf, JG (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM justin.metcalf@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0220] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under contract FA9550-12-1-0220. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 51 IS 4 BP 2914 EP 2931 DI 10.1109/TAES.2015.140675 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DC1VO UT WOS:000369006000031 ER PT J AU Huang, JQ Christ, JA Goltz, MN Demond, AH AF Huang, Junqi Christ, John A. Goltz, Mark N. Demond, Avery H. TI Modeling NAPL dissolution from pendular rings in idealized porous media SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID; SUBSURFACE TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; ACID SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; MASS-TRANSFER RATES; CAPILLARY-PRESSURE; INTERFACIAL AREA; WETTABILITY; DNAPL; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; SATURATION AB The dissolution rate of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) often governs the remediation time frame at subsurface hazardous waste sites. Most formulations for estimating this rate are empirical and assume that the NAPL is the nonwetting fluid. However, field evidence suggests that some waste sites might be organic wet. Thus, formulations that assume the NAPL is nonwetting may be inappropriate for estimating the rates of NAPL dissolution. An exact solution to the Young-Laplace equation, assuming NAPL resides as pendular rings around the contact points of porous media idealized as spherical particles in a hexagonal close packing arrangement, is presented in this work to provide a theoretical prediction for NAPL-water interfacial area. This analytic expression for interfacial area is then coupled with an exact solution to the advection-diffusion equation in a capillary tube assuming Hagen-Poiseuille flow to provide a theoretical means of calculating the mass transfer rate coefficient for dissolution at the NAPL-water interface in an organic-wet system. A comparison of the predictions from this theoretical model with predictions from empirically derived formulations from the literature for water-wet systems showed a consistent range of values for the mass transfer rate coefficient, despite the significant differences in model foundations (water wetting versus NAPL wetting, theoretical versus empirical). This finding implies that, under these system conditions, the important parameter is interfacial area, with a lesser role played by NAPL configuration. C1 [Huang, Junqi] US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK USA. [Christ, John A.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Goltz, Mark N.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Syst Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Demond, Avery H.] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Huang, JQ (reprint author), US EPA, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK USA. EM huang.junqi@epa.gov FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [ER-1737] FX MATLAB (R) codes created for this analysis are available upon request by email: huang.junqi@epa.gov. Portions of this research were supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), project ER-1737. The authors are grateful for the constructive comments from the Editor and three anonymous reviewers. The content of this manuscript has not been subject to agency review and does not necessarily represent the view of the sponsoring agency. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 51 IS 10 BP 8182 EP 8197 DI 10.1002/2015WR016924 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA DB3NM UT WOS:000368418400020 ER PT J AU Morris, JD Grimaila, MR Hodson, DD McLaughlin, CV Jacques, DR AF Morris, Jeffrey D. Grimaila, Michael R. Hodson, Douglas D. McLaughlin, Colin V. Jacques, David R. TI Using the Discrete Event System Specification to model Quantum Key Distribution system components SO JOURNAL OF DEFENSE MODELING AND SIMULATION-APPLICATIONS METHODOLOGY TECHNOLOGY-JDMS LA English DT Article DE Conceptual modeling; Discrete Event Simulation; Discrete Event System Specification; modeling and simulation; Quantum Key Distribution ID SIMULATION; DEVS AB In this paper, we present modeling a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) system with its components using the Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) formalism. The DEVS formalism assures the developed component models are composable and exhibit well-defined temporal behavior independent of the simulation environment. These attributes enable users to assemble a valid simulation using any collection of compatible components to represent complete QKD system architectures. To illustrate the approach, we introduce a prototypical "prepare and measure'' QKD system, decompose one of its subsystems, and present the detailed modeling of the subsystem using the DEVS formalism. The developed models are provably composable and exhibit behavior suitable for the intended analytic purpose, thus improving the validity of the simulation. Finally, we examine issues identified during the verification of the conceptual DEVS model and discuss the impact of these findings on implementing a hybrid QKD simulation framework. C1 [Morris, Jeffrey D.; Grimaila, Michael R.; Hodson, Douglas D.; Jacques, David R.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McLaughlin, Colin V.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Grimaila, MR (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, AFIT ENV, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Grimaila@us.af.mil NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1548-5129 EI 1557-380X J9 J DEF MODEL SIMUL-AP JI J. Def. Model. Simul.-Appl. Methodol. Technol.-JDMS PD OCT PY 2015 VL 12 IS 4 SI SI BP 457 EP 480 DI 10.1177/1548512914554404 PG 24 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA DA1JC UT WOS:000367551100009 ER PT J AU Sorensen, NT Grimaila, MR AF Sorensen, Nathaniel T. Grimaila, Michael R. TI Discrete Event Simulation of the quantum channel within a Quantum Key Distribution system SO JOURNAL OF DEFENSE MODELING AND SIMULATION-APPLICATIONS METHODOLOGY TECHNOLOGY-JDMS LA English DT Article DE Quantum Key Distribution; modeling and simulation; Discrete Event Simulation AB Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technology that offers the means for two geographically separated parties to create a shared, unconditionally secure, secret key. QKD is unique in its ability to detect any third-party eavesdropping on the key exchange. While QKD technology offers promise for securing military communications, QKD systems are built using non-ideal components that differ significantly from ideal theoretical implementations. For this reason, there is a need to accurately and efficiently model and simulate different QKD system configurations in order to evaluate their security and performance characteristics. In this paper, we examine two competing ways of modeling a quantum channel within a QKD system: one treats photon packets as wave packets and the other simply as particles with no regard to wave equations. The performance statistics of these simulation models, including speed, memory, and accuracy, are compared with the physical solution and each other to determine the optimal model for use in the specific context of modeling and simulation of QKD systems. The results reveal that the wave packet method, while being approximately 110 times slower than the particle method for modeling single photons, provides the most accurate simulation protocol required for modeling and simulation of QKD systems. C1 [Sorensen, Nathaniel T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Grimaila, Michael R.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, CCR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grimaila, MR (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, AFIT ENV, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Grimaila@afit.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1548-5129 EI 1557-380X J9 J DEF MODEL SIMUL-AP JI J. Def. Model. Simul.-Appl. Methodol. Technol.-JDMS PD OCT PY 2015 VL 12 IS 4 SI SI BP 481 EP 488 DI 10.1177/1548512915569743 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA DA1JC UT WOS:000367551100010 ER PT J AU Mailloux, LO Engle, RD Grimaila, MR Hodson, DD Colombi, JM McLaughlin, CV AF Mailloux, L. O. Engle, R. D. Grimaila, M. R. Hodson, D. D. Colombi, J. M. McLaughlin, C. V. TI Modeling decoy state Quantum Key Distribution systems SO JOURNAL OF DEFENSE MODELING AND SIMULATION-APPLICATIONS METHODOLOGY TECHNOLOGY-JDMS LA English DT Article DE Quantum Key Distribution; decoy state protocol; model and simulation; system security; system performance ID CRYPTOGRAPHY; SECURITY AB Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is an innovative technology which exploits the laws of quantum physics to generate and distribute shared secret key for use in cryptographic devices. Quantum Key Distribution offers the advantage of 'unconditionally secure' key generation with the unique ability to detect eavesdropping on the key distribution channel and shows promise for high-security applications such as those found in banking, government, and military environments. However, Quantum Key Distribution is a nascent technology where realized systems suffer from implementation non-idealities, which may significantly impact system performance and security. In this article, we discuss the modeling of a decoy state enabled Quantum Key Distribution system built to study the impact of these practical limitations. Specifically, we present a thorough background on the decoy state protocol, detailed discussion of the modeled decoy state enabled Quantum Key Distribution system, and evidence for component and sub-system verification, as well as, multiple examples of system-level validation. Additionally, we bring attention to practical considerations associated with implementing the decoy state protocol security condition gained from these research activities. C1 [Mailloux, L. O.; Engle, R. D.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Grimaila, M. R.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Syst Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Grimaila, M. R.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, CCR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hodson, D. D.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Colombi, J. M.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Syst Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McLaughlin, C. V.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mailloux, LO (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM logan.mailloux@afit.edu NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1548-5129 EI 1557-380X J9 J DEF MODEL SIMUL-AP JI J. Def. Model. Simul.-Appl. Methodol. Technol.-JDMS PD OCT PY 2015 VL 12 IS 4 SI SI BP 489 EP 506 DI 10.1177/1548512915588572 PG 18 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA DA1JC UT WOS:000367551100011 ER PT J AU Patnaik, AK Roy, S Gord, JR AF Patnaik, Anil K. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. TI Lineshape dependence of ultrafast saturation of absorption and fluorescence SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article DE ultrafast saturation; absorption; fluorescence; fs laser-matter interaction; laser lineshape dependence ID PULSES AB Ultrafast saturation of signals from an optical process occurs when intense laser pulses, with the duration of the driving laser pulse shorter than the effective decay timescales, interact with the target system. Recently, it has been shown that such saturation is marked by transition from transient-absorption to the transient-gain regime, unlike in continuous-wave or long-duration excitations where saturation occurs once the underdamping regime is achieved. The threshold intensities of the drive pulse that drives the optical signal to saturate can be estimated by calculating the area of the pulse. We demonstrate that depending on the shape of the pulse, the saturation behavior differs. The lineshape dependence of ultrafast saturation of absorption and fluorescence is studied for a variety of pulse shapes. We demonstrate that the saturation threshold is lower for super-Gaussian pulses and almost an order of magnitude lower for sech pulses compared to a Gaussian pulse. C1 [Patnaik, Anil K.; Gord, James R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Patnaik, Anil K.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Patnaik, AK (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM anil.patnaik@wright.edu; roy.sukesh@gmail.com; james.gord@us.af.mil FU US Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-12-C-2200]; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding for this study was provided by the US Air Force Research Laboratory (Contract No. FA8650-12-C-2200) and the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr Enrique Parra, Program Manager). NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 EI 1402-4896 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD OCT PY 2015 VL T165 AR 014031 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2015/T165/014031 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CZ9DB UT WOS:000367396900033 ER PT J AU Schwertner, HA Stankus, JJ AF Schwertner, Harvey A. Stankus, John J. TI Characterization of the Fluorescent Spectra and Intensities of Various Lignans: Application to HPLC Analysis with Fluorescent Detection SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RISK; MAMMALIAN LIGNANS; SESAMUM-INDICUM; IN-VITRO; SEED OIL; FLAXSEED; PRECURSORS; SESAMOLIN AB There is considerable interest in dietary lignans since they have been shown to have antioxidant, estrogenic and lipid-lowering activity in humans. In this study, the fluorescent excitation and emission spectra of seven lignans were characterized and their relative fluorescent intensities compared. The lignans were found to have similar excitation (286.6 +/- 2.5 nm, X +/- SD) and emission (320.1 +/- 6.4 nm) maxima; however, their fluorescence intensities on a molar basis decreased in the following order: asarinin, sesamin, sesamolin, seco-isolariciresinol, seco-isolariciresinol diglucoside and matairesinol. Enterolactone, a mammalian lignan conversion product, and sesamol, an antioxidant found in sesame oil, also exhibited significant fluorescence excitation and emission intensities. A high-performance liquid chromatographic method using photodiode array (PDA) and fluorescent detection was developed for the analysis of the individual lignans. Analysis was performed on a reversed phase C-18 column with methanol-water (70: 30, v/v) as the mobile phase. With fluorescent detection, the limits of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.1 ng or 2.82 nmol for sesamin and asarinin, 2.70 nmol for sesamolin, 2.76 nmol for seco-isolariciresinol, 1.45 nmol for seco-isolariciresinol diglucoside, 2.79 nmol for matairesinol and 0.5 ng or 1.67 nmol for enterolactone. With PDA detection, the LOQ was a 1000-fold less sensitive than with fluorescent detection. C1 [Schwertner, Harvey A.] Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, Clin Res, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Stankus, John J.] Univ Incarnate Word, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78209 USA. RP Schwertner, HA (reprint author), Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, Clin Res, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM harvey.schwertner@us.af.mil NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0021-9665 EI 1945-239X J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 53 IS 9 BP 1481 EP 1484 DI 10.1093/chromsci/bmv041 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA CY8AA UT WOS:000366629600008 PM 25896657 ER PT J AU Selesnick, RS AF Selesnick, R. S. TI Measurement of inner radiation belt electrons with kinetic energy above 1MeV SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiation belt; inner zone; electrons ID SLOT REGION; SOLAR; SAMPEX AB Data from the Proton-Electron Telescope on the Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer (SAMPEX) satellite, taken during 1992-2009, are analyzed for evidence of inner radiation belt electrons with kinetic energy E > 1MeV. It is found that most of the data from a detector combination with a nominal energy threshold of 1MeV were, in fact, caused by a chance coincidence response to lower energy electrons or high-energy protons. In particular, there was no detection of inner belt or slot region electrons above 1MeV following the 2003 Halloween storm injection, though they may have been present. However, by restricting data to a less-stable, low-altitude trapping region, a persistent presence of inner belt electrons in the energy range 1to 1.6MeV is demonstrated. Their soft, exponential energy spectra are consistent with extrapolation of lower energy measurements. C1 [Selesnick, R. S.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Selesnick, RS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM richard.selesnick@us.af.mil FU NASA [NNH14AX18I]; Air Force Research Laboratory under the Heliophysics Guest Investigators Program FX All data used in this study are available from the SAMPEX data center, http://www.srl.caltech.edu/sampex/DataCenter. The author thanks J.M. Albert, W.R. Johnston, X. Li, M.D. Looper, J.P. McCollough, and R.A. Mewaldt for help with the data or comments on the manuscript. This work was supported in part by NASA agreement NNH14AX18I with the Air Force Research Laboratory under the Heliophysics Guest Investigators Program. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 120 IS 10 BP 8339 EP 8349 DI 10.1002/2015JA021387 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CY0ZI UT WOS:000366135200013 ER PT J AU Deng, Y Sheng, C Su, YJ Hairston, MR Knipp, D Huang, CY Ober, D Redmon, RJ Coley, R AF Deng, Yue Sheng, Cheng Su, Yi-Jiun Hairston, Marc R. Knipp, Delores Huang, Cheryl Y. Ober, Daniel Redmon, Rob J. Coley, Robin TI Correlation between Poynting flux and soft electron precipitation in the dayside polar cap boundary regions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cusp; Poynting flux; particle precipitation; coincide; Polar cap boundary; dayside ID PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION; LOW-ALTITUDE; CUSP; FIELD; IONOSPHERE; CHAMP; LAYER AB Observations have revealed large Poynting flux and soft electron precipitation around the cusp region, which have strong impacts on the polar ionosphere/thermosphere. Simulations also confirmed that Poynting flux and soft electron precipitation significantly change the neutral density and dynamics around the dayside polar cap boundary regions. However, no detailed study has been conducted to show if they should coincide with each other or not. Our analysis of Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellite data reveals a complex correlation between them. Poynting flux and soft particle precipitation are coincident in some cases (match cases), but a clear displacement between them can also be identified in others (nonmatch cases). In the 29 cusp crossings from F13 we investigated, the ratio between nonmatch and match cases is close to 1:4. In nonmatch cases, the displacement between the Poynting flux enhancement and soft particle precipitation enhancement can be as large as 1 degrees in geomagnetic latitude. C1 [Deng, Yue; Sheng, Cheng] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Su, Yi-Jiun; Huang, Cheryl Y.; Ober, Daniel] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Hairston, Marc R.; Coley, Robin] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Phys, Richardson, TX 75230 USA. [Knipp, Delores] Univ Colorado, Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Redmon, Rob J.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. RP Deng, Y (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, POB 19059, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM yuedeng@uta.edu OI Coley, William Robin/0000-0003-2047-0002; Hairston, Marc/0000-0003-4524-4837 FU NSF [AGS0955629]; NASA [NNX13AD64G, NNX14AD46G] FX This research at the University of Texas at Arlington was supported by NSF through grant AGS0955629, NASA through grants NNX13AD64G and NNX14AD46G. Please contact Marc R. Hairston (hairston@utdallas.edu) and Yi-Jiun Su (yi-jiun.caton@us.af.mil) for DMSP ion convection observations and Poynting flux used in this paper. The DMSP particle detectors were designed by Dave Hardy of AFRL, and data obtained from JHU/APL. We thank NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/) for providing the solar wind data. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 120 IS 10 BP 9102 EP 9109 DI 10.1002/2015JA021075 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CY0ZI UT WOS:000366135200067 PM 27812438 ER PT J AU Smith, KA Vela, AE Kochenderfer, MJ Olson, WA AF Smith, Kyle A. Vela, Adan E. Kochenderfer, Mykel J. Olson, Wesley A. TI Optimizing a Collision-Avoidance System for Closely Spaced Parallel Operations SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID EFFICIENT GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; BLACK-BOX FUNCTIONS; DECISION-MAKING; COMPUTATIONAL EXPERIMENTS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; MODELS; DESIGN AB The traffic alert and collision-avoidance system has been mandated worldwide to protect against aircraft midair collisions. One drawback of the current traffic alert and collision-avoidance system design is limited support for closely spaced parallel runway operations. The traffic alert and collision-avoidance system alerts, too frequently, leading pilots to often inhibit resolution advisories during approach. Research is underway on the Airborne Collision Avoidance System X, which is a next-generation collision-avoidance system that will support new surveillance systems and air traffic control procedures. The Airborne Collision Avoidance System X has been shown to outperform the traffic alert and collision-avoidance system for en route encounter scenarios. However, the design parameters that are tuned for the en route environment are not appropriate for closely spaced parallel landing operations. One concept to allow for closely spaced parallel landing operations is a procedure-specific mode of the logic that reduces the nuisance alert rate while still providing collision protection. This paper describes the application of surrogate modeling for the purpose of tuning Airborne Collision Avoidance System X for parallel landing operations. The performance of the tuned system is assessed using a data-driven blunder model and an operational performance model. The tuned Airborne Collision Avoidance System X logic is found to equal or outperform the traffic alert and collision-avoidance system for each model in terms of both safety and operational suitability. C1 [Smith, Kyle A.; Vela, Adan E.; Kochenderfer, Mykel J.; Olson, Wesley A.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Smith, KA (reprint author), US Air Force, Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, Goldsboro, NC 27531 USA. FU Federal Aviation Administration Traffic Alert and Collision-Avoidance System Program Office under U.S. Air Force [AJM-233, FA8721-05-C-0002] FX This work was sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration Traffic Alert and Collision-Avoidance System Program Office AJM-233 under U.S. Air Force Contract number FA8721-05-C-0002, and we gratefully acknowledge Neal Suchy for his leadership and support. The authors wish to thank Jessica Holland, Dylan Asmar, James Chryssanthocopoulos, and Tom Billingsley of Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology for their assistance and support in completing this work. The authors are also grateful for the insights and continual support provided by Chung Lee of the Georgia Institute of Technology. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 EI 2327-3097 J9 J AEROSP INFORM SYST JI J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 12 IS 10 BP 618 EP 633 DI 10.2514/1.I010352 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CX5NX UT WOS:000365750000002 ER PT J AU Cash, MD Biesecker, DA Pizzo, V de Koning, CA Millward, G Arge, CN Henney, CJ Odstrcil, D AF Cash, M. D. Biesecker, D. A. Pizzo, V. de Koning, C. A. Millward, G. Arge, C. N. Henney, C. J. Odstrcil, D. TI Ensemble Modeling of the 23 July 2012 Coronal Mass Ejection SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC FIELDS; WSA-ENLIL; CME; INTERPLANETARY; PROPAGATION; MISSION; EVENT; SUN AB On 23 July 2012 a significant and rapid coronal mass ejection (CME) was detected in situ by the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) A. This CME was unusual due to its extremely brief Sun-to-1 AU transit time of less than 21 h and its exceptionally high impact speed of 2246 km/s. If this CME had been Earth directed, it would have produced a significant geomagnetic storm with potentially serious consequences. To protect our ground-and space-based assets, there is a clear need to accurately forecast the arrival times of such events using realistic input parameters and models run in near real time. Using Wang-Sheely-Arge (WSA)-Enlil, the operational model currently employed at the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center, we investigate the sensitivity of the 23 July CME event to model input parameters. Variations in the initial CME speed, angular width, and direction, as well as the ambient solar wind background, are investigated using an ensemble approach to study the effect on the predicted arrival time of the CME at STEREO A. Factors involved in the fast transit time of this large CME are discussed, and potential improvements to modeling such events with the WSA-Enlil model are presented. C1 [Cash, M. D.; de Koning, C. A.; Millward, G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cash, M. D.; Biesecker, D. A.; Pizzo, V.; de Koning, C. A.; Millward, G.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Arge, C. N.; Henney, C. J.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Odstrcil, D.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Odstrcil, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Heliophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cash, MD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM michele.cash@noaa.gov FU AFOSR [FA9550-14-1-0262]; AFRL; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This work was supported by the AFOSR Young Investigator Program grant FA9550-14-1-0262. SOHO coronagraph images were obtained from NASA's SOHO Science Archive (http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov). The STEREO A coronagraph images were obtained from NASA's STEREO Science Center Data Archive (http://stereo-ssc.nascom.nasa.gov), and the STEREO A solar wind plasma and magnetic field data were obtained from the PLASTIC Instrument Data Page (http://fiji.sr.unh.edu). Source surface synoptic charts were obtained from the Wilcox Solar Observatory website (http://wso.stanford.edu/synsourcel.html). This work utilizes data produced collaboratively between Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the National Solar Observatory (NSO). The ADAPT model development is supported by AFRL and Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). The input data utilized by ADAPT are obtained by NSO/NISP (NSO Integrated Synoptic Program). NSO is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation (NSF). The GONG and ADAPT maps used in this study can be found at ftp://gong2.nso.edu/oQR/bqs and ftp://gong2.nso.edu/adapt/maps/special/Cash2015, respectively. The Enlil solar wind model used to run all CME simulations presented in this work is publicly accessible through the Community Coordinated Modeling Center at http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/models. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD OCT PY 2015 VL 13 IS 10 BP 611 EP 625 DI 10.1002/2015SW001232 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX0UX UT WOS:000365413700003 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW Ling, A AF Kahler, S. W. Ling, A. TI Dynamic SEP event probability forecasts SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PROTON EVENTS; SOLAR; PREDICTION; FLARES AB The forecasting of solar energetic particle (SEP) event probabilities at Earth has been based primarily on the estimates of magnetic free energy in active regions and on the observations of peak fluxes and fluences of large (>= M2) solar X-ray flares. These forecasts are typically issued for the next 24 h or with no definite expiration time, which can be deficient for time-critical operations when no SEP event appears following a large X-ray flare. It is therefore important to decrease the event probability forecast with time as a SEP event fails to appear. We use the NOAA listing of major (>= 10 pfu) SEP events from 1976 to 2014 to plot the delay times from X-ray peaks to SEP threshold onsets as a function of solar source longitude. An algorithm is derived to decrease the SEP event probabilities with time when no event is observed to reach the 10 pfu threshold. In addition, we use known SEP event size distributions to modify probability forecasts when SEP intensity increases occur below the 10 pfu event threshold. An algorithm to provide a dynamic SEP event forecast, Pd, for both situations of SEP intensities following a large flare is derived. C1 [Kahler, S. W.] Kirtland AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87116 USA. [Ling, A.] Atmospher Environm Res, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), Kirtland AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87116 USA. EM stephen.kahler@kirtland.af.mil FU AFOSR [15RVCOR167]; AFRL [FA9453-12-C-0231] FX S. Kahler was funded by AFOSR Task 15RVCOR167. A. Ling was supported by AFRL contract FA9453-12-C-0231. CME data were taken from the CDAW LASCO catalog. This CME catalog is generated and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and The Catholic University of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD OCT PY 2015 VL 13 IS 10 BP 665 EP 675 DI 10.1002/2015SW001222 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CX0UX UT WOS:000365413700007 ER PT J AU Mastroianni, GR AF Mastroianni, George R. TI Obedience in perspective: Psychology and the Holocaust SO THEORY & PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genocide; Holocaust; Milgram; obedience; situationism ID THOUGHTS AB Stanley Milgram's explanation of the Holocaust in terms of the mechanism of obedience is too narrow. While obedience was one mechanism which contributed to the outcome, the murder of Jews and others was the work of people from a broad swath of German society, from economists who planned mass starvation to ordinary soldiers in the Wehrmacht, often acting without duress or apparent pressures to conform. Psychologists should not ask why? the Holocaust occurred, but how? Much behavior of perpetrators, bystanders, victims, and instigators can be understood as the consequence of normal mechanisms of perception, learning, socialization, and development. What made genocide possible was not the transitory conditions created in a lab in a few hours but a complex of mechanisms that are the product of generations of human experience and of elaborate rational, emotional, and logical justifications. This requires a more complex future psychology than the narrow focus on situationist obedience. C1 [Mastroianni, George R.] US Air Force Acad, Psychol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Mastroianni, GR (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, DFBL, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM george.mastroianni@usafa.edu NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 23 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0959-3543 EI 1461-7447 J9 THEOR PSYCHOL JI Theory Psychol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 25 IS 5 BP 657 EP 669 DI 10.1177/0959354315608963 PG 13 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA CW4MX UT WOS:000364966800007 ER PT J AU Deshmukh, R Culler, AJ Miller, BA McNamara, JJ AF Deshmukh, Rohit Culler, Adam J. Miller, Brent A. McNamara, Jack J. TI Response of skin panels to combined self- and boundary layer-induced fluctuating pressure SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Panel flutter; Fluid-thermal-structural interaction; Aerothermoelasticity; Turbulence ID FLOW; PREDICTION; MODELS; IMPACT; LOADS AB Fluctuating pressures are a critical consideration in the life-prediction of thin-gauge hot-structures operating in high-speed flow. Sources include both boundary layer turbulence and self-induced components, where the latter arises from panel vibrations. While a considerable body of research is available for the structural response of thin-gauge panels to self-induced pressure fluctuations, the response to boundary layer turbulence is not well-understood due to the complexity in modeling the loads. Important open issues are the degree of coupling between the boundary layer induced fluctuating loads and the thermo-structural response, and also the potential for interactions between a turbulent boundary layer and structural response to result in structural instabilities. This study seeks to address these issues by incorporating a phenomenological model for turbulent boundary layer loads into an aerothermoelastic framework. The enhanced aerothermoelastic model is then used to study the combined effect of self- and boundary layer-induced fluctuating pressures on responses of simple panels, and to characterize features in the turbulent boundary layer loads that can lead to large amplitude structural vibrations. The developed phenomenological model predicts that the magnitude of the boundary layer induced fluctuating pressure increases with increasing panel inclination, and decreases with increasing temperature. Furthermore, it is found that both RMS magnitude and phase angle of the boundary layer induced pressure loads play key roles in panel response. Certain combinations of these features, coupled with the self-induced pressure fluctuations, are found to cause onset of fluid-structural instabilities earlier than observed when pressure fluctuations from the turbulent boundary layer are either neglected or decoupled from the panel response. (c) 2015 Published by Elsevier C1 [Deshmukh, Rohit; Miller, Brent A.; McNamara, Jack J.] Ohio State Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Culler, Adam J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McNamara, JJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, E440 Scott Lab,201 W 19th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM mcnamara.190@osu.edu FU AFOSR [FA9550-11-1-0036]; Short Term Aerospace Research & Development Program (STAR-DP) [FA8650-10-D-3037]; DoD Science Mathematics and Research for Transformation (SMART) Scholarship FX This work is supported in part by AFOSR Grant FA9550-11-1-0036, with Dr. John Schmissuer as Program Manager, the Short Term Aerospace Research & Development Program (STAR-DP, contract number FA8650-10-D-3037), DoD Science Mathematics and Research for Transformation (SMART) Scholarship, and an allocation of computing time from the Ohio Super Computer Center. The authors thank Ms. Mbu Waindim and Dr. Datta Gaitonde, Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University for providing LES data. The authors also acknowledge the invaluable technical insights of the AFRL/RQ Structural Sciences Center, under the directorship of Dr. Ravi Chona. The authors also thank Mr. Christopher McClurg, Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University for helping with the study of sensitivity of panel response to magnitude of the TBL loads. Finally, the views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the AFOSR or the U.S. Government. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 58 BP 216 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2015.08.008 PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA CV4PE UT WOS:000364248200014 ER PT J AU DelRaso, NJ Chan, VT Mauzy, CA Shiyanov, PA AF DelRaso, Nicholas J. Chan, Victor T. Mauzy, Camilla A. Shiyanov, Pavel A. TI Air Force Research Laboratory Integrated Omics Research SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID JET FUEL JP-8; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; QUANTITATIVE PROTEOMICS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; URINARY BIOMARKERS; ISOBARIC TAGS; NMR; EXPOSURE AB Integrated Omics research capabilities within the Air Force Research Laboratory began in 2003 with the initiation of a Defense Technology Objective project aimed to identify biomarkers of toxicity occurring within the warfighter as a preclinical indicator. Current methods for determining toxic exposures are not responsive enough or created available for deployment to prevent serious health effects. Using Integrated Omics (Genomics/Epigenetics, Proteomics, and Metabonomics) for biomarker discovery, we have identified specific molecular markers which, once validated, could be used for real-time or near-real-time monitoring of the human response to uncharacterized exposures. The determination and use of validated biomarker sets, when installed on a fieldable biomonitor system, could allow fast determination of subclinical organ damage in response to chemical exposures. Since initiation of this program, our group has applied Omics technologies for biomarker discovery in a number of toxicology and human performance projects, including jet fuel exposures and cognitive fatigue. C1 [DelRaso, Nicholas J.; Chan, Victor T.; Mauzy, Camilla A.; Shiyanov, Pavel A.] Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Bioeffects Div,Human Performance Wing 711, Mol Bioeffects Branch RHDJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP DelRaso, NJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Bioeffects Div,Human Performance Wing 711, Mol Bioeffects Branch RHDJ, Bldg 837,2729 R St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 180 IS 10 SU S BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00051 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CV9UW UT WOS:000364633800010 PM 26444894 ER PT J AU True, MW Strickland, LE Lewi, JE Sterling, LM Dai, HB Haas, RW Sylvia, VL AF True, Mark W. Strickland, Lisa E. Lewi, Jack E. Sterling, Laura M. Dai, Houbei Haas, Roy W. Sylvia, Victor L. TI Impact of a Diabetes Risk Score on Lifestyle Education and Patient Adherence (IDEA) in Prediabetes: A Multisite Randomized Controlled Trial SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DIETARY SELF-CARE; PREVENTION PROGRAM; WEIGHT-LOSS; INTERVENTION; POPULATION; MOTIVATION; BEHAVIOR; ADULTS; MODEL AB Background: To evaluate whether knowledge of a personalized Diabetes Risk Score (DRS) improved performance in a 12-week lifestyle change program for prediabetes. Methods: Randomized subjects at four clinics provided samples for a DRS at baseline, 12, and 24 weeks. The intervention group received scores at each point, whereas the control group only received this information at 12 and 24 weeks. Outcomes included attendance and changes in weight, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, cholesterol, and risk score. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar in the groups (n = 192) and within risk-stratified subgroups. At 12 weeks, there were no differences in outcomes, with mean weight loss of 4.61 kg in the intervention group and 4.43 kg in the control group (p = 0.79). Both groups were given 12-week risk scores, with previously unseen baseline scores for the control group. The control group continued to lose additional weight (1.21 kg) by 24 weeks, whereas the intervention group regained previously lost weight (0.33 kg) (p = 0.04). Conclusions: The knowledge of a single baseline personalized DRS did not affect performance in a lifestyle modification program. However, the knowledge of an improvement in risk score, and the timing of this information, may impact further adherence. C1 [True, Mark W.; Strickland, Lisa E.; Sterling, Laura M.; Dai, Houbei] Air Force Diabet Ctr Excellence, Med Wing 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Lewi, Jack E.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Serv Endocrinol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Haas, Roy W.; Sylvia, Victor L.] 59th Med Wing Sci Technol Div, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP True, MW (reprint author), Air Force Diabet Ctr Excellence, Med Wing 59, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 180 IS 10 BP 1091 EP 1097 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00656 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CV9UP UT WOS:000364632900022 PM 26444473 ER PT J AU Demidov, VI Adams, SF Kaganovich, ID Koepke, ME Kurlyandskaya, IP AF Demidov, V. I. Adams, S. F. Kaganovich, I. D. Koepke, M. E. Kurlyandskaya, I. P. TI Measurements of low-energy electron reflection at a plasma boundary SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION; PROBE AB It is demonstrated that low-energy (< 3 eV) electron reflection from a solid surface in contact with a low-temperature plasma can have significant variation with time. An uncontaminated, i.e., "clean," metallic surface (just after heating up to glow) in a plasma environment may have practically no reflection of low-energy incident electrons. However, a contaminated, i.e., "dirty," surface (in some time after cleaning by heating) that has a few monolayers of absorbent can reflect low-energy incident electrons and therefore significantly affect the net electron current collected by the surface. This effect may significantly change plasma properties and should be taken into account in plasma experiments and models. A diagnostic method is demonstrated for measurements of low-energy electron absorption coefficient in plasmas with a mono-energetic electron group. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Demidov, V. I.; Adams, S. F.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Demidov, V. I.; Koepke, M. E.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Kaganovich, I. D.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Kurlyandskaya, I. P.] St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Opt & Spect, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Kurlyandskaya, I. P.] ITMO Univ, Int Lab Nonlocal Plasma Nanotechnol & Med, St Petersburg 197101, Russia. RP Demidov, VI (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM vladimir.demidov@mail.wvu.edu RI Demidov, Vladimir/A-4247-2013; Kurlyandskaya, Iya/S-3911-2016 OI Demidov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2672-7684; Kurlyandskaya, Iya/0000-0002-4592-1730 FU AFOSR; NSF Grant [PHY-1301896]; SPbGU [11.38.658.2013]; ITMO University [713577] FX A part of this research was performed, while one of the authors (V.I.D.) held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at AFRL. The work of I.D.K. was supported by AFOSR. The work of M.E.K. was supported by NSF Grant No. PHY-1301896. The work of I.P.K. was supported by SPbGU (Grant No. 11.38.658.2013) and ITMO University (Grant No. 713577). NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2015 VL 22 IS 10 AR 104501 DI 10.1063/1.4933002 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CV6TL UT WOS:000364403600126 ER PT J AU Easterling, E Hunninghake, J Gancayco, J AF Easterling, Ellis Hunninghake, John Gancayco, John TI A Rare Case of Microscopic Colitis After Revascularization of Mesenteric Artery Stenosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 80th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology CY OCT 16-21, 2015 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Coll Gastroenterol C1 [Easterling, Ellis] US Air Force, San Antonio, TX USA. [Hunninghake, John] US Air Force, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Gancayco, John] US Air Force, JBSA, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0002-9270 EI 1572-0241 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 110 SU 1 MA 349 BP S153 EP S153 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA CU7KO UT WOS:000363715900350 ER PT J AU Hunninghake, J Murray, B Manibusan, PA McNear, S Gancayco, J AF Hunninghake, John Murray, Brian Manibusan, Pedro A., Jr. McNear, Scott Gancayco, John TI Acute Ischemic Colitis and Portal Vein Thrombosis in a Young Female Smoker on an Oral Contraceptive SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 80th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology CY OCT 16-21, 2015 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Coll Gastroenterol C1 [Hunninghake, John] US Air Force, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Murray, Brian] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Manibusan, Pedro A., Jr.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [McNear, Scott] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Jbsa Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Gancayco, John] US Air Force, Jbsa Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0002-9270 EI 1572-0241 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 110 SU 1 MA 400 BP S173 EP S173 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA CU7KO UT WOS:000363715900401 ER PT J AU Okolo, W Dogan, A Blake, W AF Okolo, Wendy Dogan, Atilla Blake, William TI Alternate Trimming Methods for Trailing Aircraft in Formation Flight SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article C1 [Okolo, Wendy; Dogan, Atilla] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Blake, William] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Okolo, W (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Vehicles Directorate; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship; Amelia Earhart Fellowship; NASA/Texas Space Grant Consortium Fellowship Programs FX We would like to acknowledge the support of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Vehicles Directorate for this research. Atilla Dogan was supported as a Summer Faculty Researcher and Wendy Okolo was supported as a Summer Graduate Student Researcher in the Control Design and Analysis Branch in the summer of 2012, when the prior work of this research was performed. Wendy Okolo would also like to acknowledge the support of the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship, the Amelia Earhart Fellowship, and the NASA/Texas Space Grant Consortium Fellowship Programs. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 38 IS 10 BP 2018 EP 2024 DI 10.2514/1.G000574 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CV4KL UT WOS:000364235600016 ER PT J AU Tippets, RD Wakefield, S Young, S Ferguson, I Earp-Pitkins, C Chun, FK AF Tippets, Roger D. Wakefield, Stephen Young, Shannon Ferguson, Ian Earp-Pitkins, Christopher Chun, Francis K. TI Slitless spectroscopy of geosynchronous satellites SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE space situational awareness; slitless spectroscopy; satellite characterization AB A preliminary investigation into the use of slitless spectroscopy for characterization of geosynchronous satellites is described. A 100 line/mm diffraction grating is used as the dispersing device, and the spectral data obtained are compared to a model with good results. A method used to collect and calibrate slitless spectral observations accounting for pixel to wavelength conversion, pixel response as a function of wavelength, and solar features is presented. Observations of several geosynchronous satellites throughout a night reveal reflectance with noticeable and different profiles indicating that slitless spectroscopy offers the potential for another modality for identifying and discriminating satellites. (C) 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Tippets, Roger D.; Wakefield, Stephen; Young, Shannon; Ferguson, Ian; Earp-Pitkins, Christopher; Chun, Francis K.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Tippets, RD (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM roger.tippets.ctr@usafa.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We acknowledge the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Additionally, this paper is a result of two senior capstone projects in the Department of Physics at the United States Air Force Academy. Finally, the authors thank the reviewers for their comments and recommendations. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 54 IS 10 AR 104103 DI 10.1117/1.OE.54.10.104103 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA CV4EW UT WOS:000364220200018 ER PT J AU Pandey, R Farmer, B AF Pandey, Ras Farmer, Barry TI Can the structure of a protein (H3.1) depend on the treatment of a solvent medium (explicit vs effective) in a coarse-grained computer simulation? SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 29th Annual Symposium of the Protein-Society CY JUL 22-25, 2015 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Prot Soc C1 [Pandey, Ras] Univ So Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Farmer, Barry] Air Force Res Lab, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0961-8368 EI 1469-896X J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 24 SU 1 SI SI MA PD-014 BP 79 EP 80 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA CU6QS UT WOS:000363658100132 ER PT J AU Pandey, R Mirau, P Farmer, B AF Pandey, Ras Mirau, Peter Farmer, Barry TI Self-organizing structures of alpha-synulceins and its aggregates by a coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulation SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 29th Annual Symposium of the Protein-Society CY JUL 22-25, 2015 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Prot Soc C1 [Pandey, Ras] Univ So Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Mirau, Peter; Farmer, Barry] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0961-8368 EI 1469-896X J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 24 SU 1 SI SI MA PF-017 BP 128 EP 129 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA CU6QS UT WOS:000363658100219 ER PT J AU Eigenbrodt, BC Young, AM Howell, TG Segre, CU Reitz, TL AF Eigenbrodt, Bryan C. Young, Anthony M. Howell, Thomas G. Segre, Carlo U. Reitz, Thomas L. TI High-Temperature, In Situ X-ray Absorption Study of Sr2MgMoO6 Solid-Oxide Fuel-Cell Anode Materials SO CHEMELECTROCHEM LA English DT Article DE electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; fuel cells; linear-sweep voltammetry; perovskites; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; 3-PHASE BOUNDARY LENGTH; NI PATTERN ANODES; 3-PHASE-BOUNDARY DYNAMICS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; CERMET ANODES; IMPEDANCE; CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRODES; INTERFACE AB Limitations of current solid oxide fuel cell anode materials have spurred the exploration of alternative materials. Mixed ionic and electronic conducting anode materials have the potential to overcome these limitations. The mixed ionic and electronic conducting material explored in this work is Sr2MgMoO6 (SMMO). X-ray absorption spectroscopy in conjunction with an insitu assembly was used to study the fundamental redox chemistry of SMMO at 800 degrees C. The X-ray absorption spectra for the Mo K-edge exhibited changes in the reduced and oxidized bulk SMMO samples, as evident in a shift in the Mo binding energies and in the formation of oxide vacancies. However, insitu measurements of the working devices revealed that the Mo oxidation state remained unchanged under various cell polarizations. These findings demonstrate that SMMO, as a solid oxide fuel cell anode, has the potential to provide adequate electron conduction through multivalent Mo sites and to provide fuel tolerance through oxide vacancies built into its crystal structure. C1 [Eigenbrodt, Bryan C.] Villanova Univ, Dept Chem, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Young, Anthony M.; Howell, Thomas G.; Reitz, Thomas L.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Segre, Carlo U.] IIT, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Segre, Carlo U.] IIT, CSRRI, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Eigenbrodt, BC (reprint author), Villanova Univ, Dept Chem, 800 E Lancaster Ave, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. EM bryan.eigenbrodt@villanova.edu RI Segre, Carlo/B-1548-2009; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 OI Segre, Carlo/0000-0001-7664-1574; FU National Academies of Sciences through Research Associateship Program; Air Force Research Laboratory; Wright-Patterson Air Force Base FX This research was supported by the National Academies of Sciences through the Research Associateship Program. Funding for this research was provided through the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. Access to the 10-ID beamline at the Advanced Photon Source located at Argonne National Laboratory was granted through proposal GUP-28614. MRCAT operations are supported by the Department of Energy and the Materials Research Collaborative Access Team (MRCAT) member institutions. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 2196-0216 J9 CHEMELECTROCHEM JI ChemElectroChem PD OCT PY 2015 VL 2 IS 10 SI SI BP 1568 EP 1575 DI 10.1002/celc.201500122 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA CU2EP UT WOS:000363336500017 ER PT J AU Mailloux, LO Grimaila, MR Colombi, JM Hodson, DD Engle, RD McLaughlin, CV Baumgartner, G AF Mailloux, Logan O. Grimaila, Michael R. Colombi, John M. Hodson, Douglas D. Engle, Ryan D. McLaughlin, Colin V. Baumgartner, Gerald TI Quantum Key Distribution: Examination of the Decoy State Protocol SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID SECURITY AB Quantum key distribution (QKD) is an innovative technology that exploits the laws of quantum mechanics to generate and distribute a shared cryptographic key for secure communications. The unique nature of QKD ensures that eavesdropping on quantum communications necessarily introduces detectable errors which is desirable for high-security environments. QKD systems have been demonstrated in both freespace and optical fiber configurations, gaining global interest from national laboratories, commercial entities, and the U.S. Department of Defense. However, QKD is a nascent technology where realized systems are constructed from non-ideal components, which can significantly impact system performance and security. In this article, we describe QKD technology as part of a secure communications solution and identify vulnerabilities associated with practical network architectures. In particular, we examine the performance of decoy state enabled QKD systems against a modeled photon number splitting attack and suggest an improvement to the decoy state protocol security condition that does not assume a priori knowledge of the QKD channel efficiency. C1 [Mailloux, Logan O.; Grimaila, Michael R.; Colombi, John M.; Hodson, Douglas D.; Engle, Ryan D.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, New York, NY USA. [McLaughlin, Colin V.] Naval Res Lab, New York, NY USA. [Baumgartner, Gerald] Lab Telecommun Sci, College Pk, MD USA. RP Mailloux, LO (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, New York, NY USA. EM Logan.Mailloux@afit.edu; Michael.Grimaila@afit.edu FU Laboratory for Telecommunication Sciences [5743400-304-6448] FX This work was supported by the Laboratory for Telecommunication Sciences [grant number 5743400-304-6448]. This work was supported in part by a grant of computer time from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0163-6804 EI 1558-1896 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 53 IS 10 BP 24 EP 31 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CU0YU UT WOS:000363246200003 ER PT J AU Gao, X Sui, C Hemmady, S Rivera, J Yakura, SJ Pommerenke, D Patnaik, A Beetner, DG AF Gao, Xu Sui, Chunchun Hemmady, Sameer Rivera, Joey Yakura, Susumu Joe Pommerenke, David Patnaik, Abhishek Beetner, Daryl G. TI Modeling Static Delay Variations in Push-Pull CMOS Digital Logic Circuits Due to Electrical Disturbances in the Power Supply SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE CMOS integrated circuits (ICs); delay estimation; electromagnetic interference; electromagnetic transients; immunity; modeling ID CLOCK-DATA COMPENSATION; NOISE; IMPACT; ICS AB Soft errors can occur in digital integrated circuits (ICs) as a result of an electromagnetic disturbance, such as might result from an electrical fast transient (EFT). Many soft errors come from changes in propagation delays through digital logic, which are caused by changes in the on-die power supply voltage. An analytical model was developed to predict timing variations in digital logic as a result of variations in the power supply voltage. The derivation of the analytical delay model is reported. The model was validated experimentally by applying EFTs to a ring oscillator built in a test IC. The predicted and measured ring oscillator frequencies (or periods) agreed within a relative error of less than 2.0%. To further validate the approach, the model was applied to test the response of more complex circuits consisting of NAND/NOR logic gates, binary adders, dynamic logic gates, and transmission gates. The circuits were fabricated on a 0.5 mu m test IC and simulated on two additional process technologies (0.18 mu m and 45 nm). The model performed well in each case with a maximum relative error of 5.6%, verifying the applicability of the model for analyzing complex logic circuits within a variety of process technologies. The proposed delay model can be used by IC design engineers to predict and understand the change in the propagation delay through logic circuits due to the disturbed power supply. C1 [Gao, Xu; Sui, Chunchun; Pommerenke, David; Patnaik, Abhishek; Beetner, Daryl G.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, EMC Lab, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Hemmady, Sameer; Rivera, Joey] TechFlow Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [Hemmady, Sameer] Univ New Mexico, Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Yakura, Susumu Joe] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Gao, X (reprint author), Apple Inc, Cupertino, CA 95014 USA. EM xg2z7@mst.edu; csdh8@mst.edu; shem-mady@techflow.com; jrivera@techflow.com; davidjp@mst.edu; ap437@mst.edu; daryl@mst.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [0855878] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant 0855878. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 EI 1558-187X J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1179 EP 1187 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2015.2428272 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CU0EQ UT WOS:000363189200031 ER PT J AU Zheng, DH Witt, LA Waite, E David, EM van Driel, M McDonald, DP Callison, KR Crepeau, LJ AF Zheng, Dianhan Witt, L. A. Waite, Eleanor David, Emily M. van Driel, Marinus McDonald, Daniel P. Callison, Kori R. Crepeau, Loring J. TI Effects of ethical leadership on emotional exhaustion in high moral intensity situations SO LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY LA English DT Article DE Ethical leadership; Cohesion; Emotional exhaustion; Conscientiousness ID 5-FACTOR MODEL; JOB-PERFORMANCE; METAANALYTIC EXAMINATION; INTERACTIONIST MODEL; TEAM EFFECTIVENESS; DECISION-MAKING; STRESS-DISORDER; GROUP POTENCY; WORK; BURNOUT AB Emotional exhaustion is a threat to standard operations, particularly in organizations in which physical safety is at risk. High moral intensity is inherent in such organizations due to the magnitude of consequences associated with ethical/unethical conduct. The authors proposed a psychological process in which ethical leadership affects emotional exhaustion directly and indirectly through team cohesion. As military operational contexts typically are (or frequently have the potential to become) high moral intensity situations, the authors tested their model among 338 military personnel deployed in combat zones. They found that: (1) team cohesion partially mediated the relationship between ethical leadership and emotional exhaustion, and (2) this psychological process of direct and indirect effects of ethical leadership did not hold among individuals approaching the low end of conscientiousness. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zheng, Dianhan; Witt, L. A.; Waite, Eleanor] Univ Houston, Dept Psychol, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [David, Emily M.] Zayed Univ, Coll Business, Dubai, U Arab Emirates. [van Driel, Marinus] van Driel Consulting, Satellite Beach, FL 32937 USA. [McDonald, Daniel P.; Crepeau, Loring J.] Def Equal Opportun Management Inst, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. [Callison, Kori R.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Coll Business & Publ Policy, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Zheng, DH (reprint author), Univ Houston, 126 Heyne Bldg, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM zhengdianhan@gmail.com NR 119 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1048-9843 EI 1873-3409 J9 LEADERSHIP QUART JI Leadersh. Q. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 26 IS 5 BP 732 EP 748 DI 10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.01.006 PG 17 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA CU3PD UT WOS:000363436400005 ER PT J AU Eninger, RM Johnson, RL AF Eninger, Robert M. Johnson, Robert L. TI Unmanned Aerial Systems in Occupational Hygiene-Learning from Allied Disciplines SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE environmental monitoring; industrial hygiene; occupational hygiene; sampling; unmanned aerial systems ID AIR SAMPLER; VEHICLE; DISTRIBUTIONS; DESIGN AB Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) technologies are rapidly developing, lowering cost, and technology barriers for their use in numerous applications. This review and commentary summarizes relevant literature in allied fields and evaluates potential application and utility of UAS technology in the discipline of occupational hygiene. Disciplines closely related to occupational hygiene are moving to investigate potential uses-and in some cases-already employing this technology for research or commercial purposes. The literature was reviewed to formulate a cross-sectional picture of how UAS technology is being used in these closely allied disciplines which could inform or guide potential use in occupational hygiene. Discussed are UAS applications in environmental monitoring, emergency response, epidemiology, safety, and process optimization. A rapidly developing state of the art indicates that there is potential utility for this technology in occupational hygiene. Benefits may include cost savings, time savings, and averting hazardous environments via remote sensing. The occupational hygiene community can look to allied fields to garner lessons and possible applications to their own practice. C1 [Eninger, Robert M.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Syst Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Johnson, Robert L.] Global Secur Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Eninger, RM (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Syst Engn & Management, 2950 Hobson Way,B640,Suite 103, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM eninger@gmail.com NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 EI 1475-3162 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 59 IS 8 BP 949 EP 958 DI 10.1093/annhyg/mev041 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA CT4PK UT WOS:000362788900001 PM 26180263 ER PT J AU Biffinger, JC Barlow, DE Cockrell, AL Cusick, KD Hervey, WJ Fitzgerald, LA Nadeau, LJ Hung, CS Crookes-Goodson, WJ Russell, JN AF Biffinger, Justin C. Barlow, Daniel E. Cockrell, Allison L. Cusick, Kathleen D. Hervey, William J. Fitzgerald, Lisa A. Nadeau, Lloyd J. Hung, Chia S. Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J. Russell, John N., Jr. TI The applicability of Impranil (R) DLN for gauging the biodegradation of polyurethanes SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE Biodegradation; Polyurethane; Hydrolase; NMR; IR; Colloid ID POLYESTER-POLYURETHANE; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; DEGRADATION; PURIFICATION; ENZYME; LIPASE; GROWTH; MECHANISM; FUNGI AB Polyurethane-based polymers and their eventual degradation products pervade modern society. One common method for determining whether a microorganism or protein can degrade this class of polymer is to qualitatively assess its ability to "clear" a polyester-polyurethane colloid branded Impranil (R) DLN (Impranil), whose formulation is proprietary. However, its colloidal state has ultimately made Impranil a precarious choice for determining if an organism or enzyme can degrade polyurethanes. In this work, the chemical hydrolysis products from Impranil using 0.1 M HCl or 0.1 M NaOH were identified and compared to the concentration of hydrolysis products formed using three commercial enzymes by proton nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (H-1 NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The differences in the integrated signal intensities from key H-1 NMR signals were used to calculate the amount of Impranil that was hydrolyzed. These data were then correlated with the change in optical density of colloid containing reaction mixtures (termed as "clearing"). The enzymes (a Pseudomonas fluorescens recombinant esterase, Pseudomonas sp. lipase, and Bacillus sp. protease) showed significant esterase activities and partially-cleared, completely-cleared, or aggregated Impranil, respectively. However, only the Pseudomonas sp. lipase significantly degraded Impranil based on NMR and IR data. This study illustrates how Impranil can be used to quantitatively assess biodegradation rather than just be a qualitative "clearing" indicator of biodegradation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Biffinger, Justin C.; Barlow, Daniel E.; Fitzgerald, Lisa A.; Russell, John N., Jr.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cockrell, Allison L.; Cusick, Kathleen D.] US Naval Res Lab, NRC Postdoctoral Associate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hervey, William J.] US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nadeau, Lloyd J.; Hung, Chia S.; Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Soft Matter Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Biffinger, JC (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Justin.biffinger@nrl.navy.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [12RX14COR] FX This study was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award number 12RX14COR and Corey Zapatok for his work on the FT-IR component program. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 EI 1873-2321 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 120 BP 178 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.06.020 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CT6MJ UT WOS:000362926800020 ER PT J AU Kull, KL Bass, RW Craft, G Julien, T Marangon, E Marrouat, C Harmon, JP AF Kull, Kenneth L. Bass, Roger W. Craft, Garrett Julien, Tamalia Marangon, Elisa Marrouat, Cedric Harmon, Julie P. TI Synthesis and characterization of an ultra-soft poly(carbonate urethane) SO EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Poly(carbonate urethane); Ultra-soft; Mechanical properties; Hydrogen bonding; Thermal properties ID THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANE ELASTOMERS; HEALING POLYMERIC MATERIALS; IN-VITRO STABILITY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; 4,4'-DIPHENYLMETHANE DIISOCYANATE; SEGMENTED POLYURETHANES; PHASE-SEPARATION; SELF-REPAIR AB A high performance, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer was synthesized with methylene bis(4-cyclohexylisocyanate), 1,4-butanediol as a chain extender and a polycarbonate polyol containing 1,6-hexanediol and 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol. SAXS data evidences an interdomain "center-to-center" distance of 45 A. DSC traces evidence one glass transition temperature and weak melting region. Surprisingly, the material is ultra-soft with a Shore A hardness of 64, but does not undergo any blocking. DMA analysis reveals a low temperature secondary relaxation and the glass to rubber transition followed by a rubbery plateau. In tensile set experiments strain recovery averaged 96-98%. The PCPU exhibits partial self-healing after rupture without the addition of additives or imbedded healing agents. Self-healing is attributed to interdiffusion and hydrogen bonding mechanism, where rehealing is possible. FTIR measurements characterize hydrogen bonding. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kull, Kenneth L.; Craft, Garrett; Julien, Tamalia; Harmon, Julie P.] Univ S Florida, Dept Chem, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Kull, Kenneth L.; Bass, Roger W.] Solicore Inc, Lakeland, FL 33805 USA. [Bass, Roger W.] Air Force Tech Applicat Ctr, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. [Marangon, Elisa] Univ Genoa, Dept Chem & Ind Chem, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Marrouat, Cedric] Ecole Natl Super Chim Clermont Ferrand, F-63174 Aubiere, France. RP Harmon, JP (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Chem, 4202 East Fowler Ave,CHE 205, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM harmon@usfl.edu NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 61 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0014-3057 EI 1873-1945 J9 EUR POLYM J JI Eur. Polym. J. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 71 BP 510 EP 522 DI 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.08.015 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CT2AG UT WOS:000362603800041 ER PT J AU Fitch, RC Walker, DE Green, AJ Tetlak, SE Gillespie, JK Gilbert, RD Sutherlin, KA Gouty, WD Theimer, JP Via, GD Chabak, KD Jessen, GH AF Fitch, Robert C., Jr. Walker, Dennis E., Jr. Green, Andrew J. Tetlak, Stephen E. Gillespie, James K. Gilbert, Ryan D. Sutherlin, Karynn A. Gouty, William D. Theimer, James P. Via, Glen D. Chabak, Kelson D. Jessen, Gregg H. TI Implementation of High-Power- Density X-Band AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors in a Millimeter-Wave Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit Process SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE GaN; AlGaN; SiC; high electron mobility transistor; X-band; Ka-band; field-plate ID HEMTS AB A GaN high electron mobility transistor monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) designer typically has to choose a device design either for high-gain millimeter-wave operation with a short gate length, or for high-power-density X-band operation with a much larger gate/field-plate structure. We provide the designer the option of incorporating two different devices by implementing a 0.14-mu m gate length GaN MMIC process capable of high-efficiency Ka-band operation while simultaneously achieving high power density in the same process flow. The key process enabler simply uses the capacitor top plate in the MMIC process as a field plate on the passivation layer. On two separate devices on the same chip using the same MMIC process flow, we demonstrate 7.7 W/mm at 35 GHz and V-DS = 30 V on a standard 4 x 65-mu m T-gated FET and then 12.5 W/mm at 10 GHz and VDS = 60 V on a 4 x 75-mu m T-gated FET by adding a field plate. These are the highest reported power densities achieved simultaneously at X-band and Ka-band in a single wideband GaN MMIC process. C1 [Fitch, Robert C., Jr.; Walker, Dennis E., Jr.; Green, Andrew J.; Tetlak, Stephen E.; Gillespie, James K.; Gilbert, Ryan D.; Sutherlin, Karynn A.; Gouty, William D.; Theimer, James P.; Via, Glen D.; Chabak, Kelson D.; Jessen, Gregg H.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Aerosp Components Div,Devices Sensing Branch, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Fitch, RC (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Aerosp Components Div,Devices Sensing Branch, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM robert.fitch@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Manufacturing and Industrial Technologies Division [TIA FA 8650-13-2-5500] FX This work was performed in collaboration with the Air Force Manufacturing and Industrial Technologies Division under Contract TIA FA 8650-13-2-5500. The review of this letter was arranged by Editor Y. Wu. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 EI 1558-0563 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 36 IS 10 BP 1004 EP 1007 DI 10.1109/LED.2015.2474265 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CS7TJ UT WOS:000362288700005 ER PT J AU Cumby, BL Mast, DB Tabor, CE Dickey, MD Heikenfeld, J AF Cumby, Brad L. Mast, David B. Tabor, Christopher E. Dickey, Michael D. Heikenfeld, Jason TI Robust Pressure-Actuated Liquid Metal Devices Showing Reconfigurable Electromagnetic Effects at GHz Frequencies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Topical Conference on Biomedical Wireless Technologies, Networks, and Sensing Systems (BioWireleSS) CY JAN 25-28, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, EEE AP-S, IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc DE Antennas; attenuation; diffraction; liquid metal; microfluidics; polarization; shielding ID DIGITAL MICROFLUIDICS; ANTENNAS AB Pressure-actuated liquid metal devices are demonstrated for reconfigurable electromagnetic fundamentals at GHz frequencies, including tunable dipole antennas, switchable shielding with 35-dB attenuation, similar to 30-dB polarizer attenuation, and similar to 40 degrees diffraction from a linear grating. In addition to a wide variety of electromagnetic effects, these devices are further advanced by: being highly physically flexible; in use of nontoxic GaInSn (68.5% Ga, 21.5% In, and 10.0% Sn) alloy as enabled by a sealed closed system with an acidic vapor background; and non-alloying/corrosion-resistant carbon inks for electrical connection. Collectively, this work addresses a wide variety of electromagnetic fundamentals, and the device construction advances required for real-world applications. C1 [Cumby, Brad L.; Heikenfeld, Jason] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Mast, David B.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Tabor, Christopher E.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dickey, Michael D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Heikenfeld, J (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM heikenjc@ucmail.uc.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [UES-875-060-020]; Southwestern Ohio Council for Higher Education; National Science Foundation (NSF) under CAREER Award [CMMI-0954321] FX The work of B. L. Cumby, D. B. Mast, and J. Heikenfeld was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract UES-875-060-020 and by the Southwestern Ohio Council for Higher Education. The work of M. D. Dickey was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under CAREER Award CMMI-0954321. This paper has supplementary downloadable material available at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org, provided by the authors. This includes a PDF document, containing a figure and measured, simulated, and calculated data. This material is 189 kB in size. (Corresponding author: Jason Heikenfeld.) NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 63 IS 10 BP 3122 EP 3130 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2015.2470244 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CS8SE UT WOS:000362357900013 ER PT J AU Khalilzadeh-Rezaie, F Oladeji, IO Cleary, JW Nader, N Nath, J Rezadad, I Peale, RE AF Khalilzadeh-Rezaie, Farnood Oladeji, Isaiah O. Cleary, Justin W. Nader, Nima Nath, Janardan Rezadad, Imen Peale, Robert E. TI Fluorine-doped tin oxides for mid-infrared plasmonics SO OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SURFACE-PLASMONS; FILMS; GOLD; METAMATERIALS; POLARITONS; SILVER; PHOTONICS; SILICIDES; SILICON AB Fluorine-doped tin oxides (FTO) were investigated for infrared plasmonic applications. Nano-crystalline FTO thin films were grown by the SPEED chemical-spray deposition method. Complex permittivity spectra were measured from 1.6 to 12 mu m wavelength. These spectra were used to calculate materials parameters, which compared well with values from transport measurements, and to predict characteristics of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP). Reflectivity spectra for lamellar FTO gratings revealed SPP coupling resonances in good agreement with predictions. The FTO film studied here is well suited for plasmonic applications in the important 3-5 mu m wavelength range. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America. C1 [Khalilzadeh-Rezaie, Farnood; Nath, Janardan; Rezadad, Imen; Peale, Robert E.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Oladeji, Isaiah O.] SISOM Thin Films LLC, Orlando, FL 32805 USA. [Cleary, Justin W.; Nader, Nima] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nader, Nima] Solid State Sci Corp, Nashua, NH 03060 USA. RP Khalilzadeh-Rezaie, F (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM Robert.Peale@ucf.edu FU University of Central Florida's research excellence fellowship; Northrop-Grumman scholarship; Florida High Technology (I-4) program; Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFSOR LRIR [15RYCOR162]; Sensors Directorate at the Air Force Research Labs FX F. K. R. acknowledges support from University of Central Florida's research excellence fellowship and Northrop-Grumman scholarship. Work by UCF authors was partly supported by Florida High Technology (I-4) program. J. W. C. and N. N. were supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFSOR LRIR No. 15RYCOR162 (Program Officer Dr. Gernot Pomrenke). R. E. P. was partially supported by Sensors Directorate at the Air Force Research Labs. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2159-3930 J9 OPT MATER EXPRESS JI Opt. Mater. Express PD OCT 1 PY 2015 VL 5 IS 10 BP 2184 EP 2192 DI 10.1364/OME.5.002184 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA CT0BX UT WOS:000362460000012 ER PT J AU Abadie, WM Partington, EJ Fowler, CB Schmalbach, CE AF Abadie, Wesley M. Partington, Erin J. Fowler, Craig B. Schmalbach, Cecelia E. TI Optimal Management of Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia: A Systematic Review of the Literature SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Review DE leukoplakia; oral cancer; oral cavity; squamous cell carcinoma ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; ORAL LEUKOPLAKIA; VITAMIN-A; LONG-TERM; PROGRESSION; INFECTION; ASSOCIATION; FEATURES; ENTITY; RISK AB Objective Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a rare and recalcitrant form of leukoplakia. The purpose of this review is to further characterize the risk factors, clinical course, and optimal treatment for this highly aggressive, premalignant lesion. Data Sources Twenty-six articles on PVL with a total of 329 PVL cases. Review Methods A systematic review of the literature using Ovid, PubMed, Cochrane Database, and gray literature was conducted of all PVL cases reported between 1985 and 2014. Inclusion criteria required reporting of patient follow-up and recurrence rates. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Student t test and Fisher exact test were used to identify factors associated with malignant transformation. Results The mean patient age was 63.9 years. Most patients were female (66.9%) and nontobacco users (65.22%). Mean follow-up was 7.4 years, with an average of 9.0 biopsies per patient during this period. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia exhibited histopathologic features along a progressive spectrum, evolving from leukoplakia to verrucous hyperplasia and ultimately invasive carcinoma. Surgery was the most common treatment implemented, but recurrence rates among 222 patients reached 71.2%. Subgroup analysis of 277 patients identified a 63.9% malignant transformation rate, and 39.6% of patients died of their disease. Age, sex, and tobacco use were not identified as risk factors associated with progression to cancer. Conclusions Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is a rare form of leukoplakia with a high rate of malignant transformation. It necessitates high clinical suspicion, to include a lifetime of close follow-up and repeat biopsies by a health care provider well versed in oral carcinoma. C1 [Abadie, Wesley M.] Mike OCallaghan Fed Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Nellis Afb, NV USA. [Partington, Erin J.; Schmalbach, Cecelia E.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Div Otolaryngol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Fowler, Craig B.] Univ Kentucky, Sch Dent, Div Oral & Maxillofacial Pathol, Lexington, KY USA. RP Partington, EJ (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Div Otolaryngol, BDB 563,1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM epartington@uabmc.edu NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0194-5998 EI 1097-6817 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 153 IS 4 BP 504 EP 511 DI 10.1177/0194599815586779 PG 8 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA CS9XD UT WOS:000362445800007 PM 26044786 ER PT J AU Veksler, VD Myers, CW Gluck, KA AF Veksler, Vladislav D. Myers, Christopher W. Gluck, Kevin A. TI Model Flexibility Analysis SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW LA English DT Article DE model evaluation; model selection; goodness of fit; model flexibility; parametric complexity ID COGNITIVE SCIENCE; RESPONSE-TIME; BAYES FACTORS; GOOD FIT; REINFORCEMENT; PARAMETERS; SELECTION AB A good fit of model predictions to empirical data are often used as an argument for model validity. However, if the model is flexible enough to fit a large proportion of potential empirical outcomes, finding a good fit becomes less meaningful. We propose a method for estimating the proportion of potential empirical outcomes that the model can fit: Model Flexibility Analysis (MFA). MFA aids model evaluation by providing a metric for gauging the persuasiveness of a given fit. We demonstrate that MFA can be more informative than merely discounting the fit by the number of free parameters in the model, and show how the number of free parameters does not necessarily correlate with the flexibility of the model. Additionally, we contrast MFA with other flexibility assessment techniques, including Parameter Space Partitioning, Model Mimicry, Minimum Description Length, and Prior Predictive Evaluation. Finally, we provide examples of how MFA can help to inform modeling results and discuss a variety of issues relating to the use of MFA in model validation. C1 [Veksler, Vladislav D.] US Army, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn, DCS Corp, Aberdeen, MD 21001 USA. [Myers, Christopher W.; Gluck, Kevin A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Human Performance Wing 711, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Veksler, VD (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Bldg 417, Aberdeen, MD 21001 USA. EM vdv718@gmail.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory's Cognitive Models and Agents Branch; AFOSR [13RH06COR]; Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-10-D-0002]; MindModeling.org; [W911NF-09-2-0053] FX This research was performed partly while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award with the Air Force Research Laboratory's Cognitive Models and Agents Branch. A majority of this work was supported by AFOSR Grant 13RH06COR. A part of this work was performed by the first author as a DCS Corp contractor under Army Research Laboratory contract W911NF-10-D-0002 and supporting work funded under Cooperative Agreement Number W911NF-09-2-0053. We thank Joseph W. Houpt and Matthew M. Walsh for their invaluable input. We extend many thanks to the reviewers of this article, especially to Peter Grunwald, who provided an extended review with a complete NML tutorial. Additionally, we thank MindModeling.org for providing easy access to large scale computing resources that supported this research. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0033-295X EI 1939-1471 J9 PSYCHOL REV JI Psychol. Rev. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 122 IS 4 BP 755 EP 769 DI 10.1037/a0039657 PG 15 WC Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA CT0UB UT WOS:000362511500008 PM 26322547 ER PT J AU Brandt, Y Currier, L Plante, TW Kabban, CMS Tvaryanas, AP AF Brandt, Yvonne Currier, Linda Plante, Timothy W. Kabban, Christine M. Schubert Tvaryanas, Anthony P. TI A Randomized Controlled Trial of Core Strengthening Exercises in Helicopter Crewmembers with Low Back Pain SO AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE disability; whole body vibration; ergonomics ID CLINICAL-PREDICTION RULE; STABILIZATION EXERCISES; VIBRATION; AIRCREW; PILOTS AB BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine if five core strengthening exercises would decrease pain severity and related disability in U.S. Air Force helicopter aircrew members with low back pain. METHODS: The study was a randomized control group repeated measures design. The experimental manipulation consisted of a set of five core strengthening exercises performed 4 d/wk for 12 wk. Self-reported pain severity and disability were ascertained at baseline and 12 wk using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index (MODI), respectively. The NPRS was used to ascertain both daily pain (NPRSdaily) and in-flight pain (NPRSflight). Self-reported improvement or deterioration in low back pain was measured using the Global Rating of Change Scale (GRCS). RESULTS: There were 12 subjects enrolled and 5 were randomized to the intervention group. The mean NPRSflight score decreased 1.8 points vs. increasing 0.1 points during the trial for the intervention and control groups, respectively. The mean MODI score decreased 4.8 points vs. increasing 1.7 points during the trial for the intervention and control groups, respectively. The mean GRCS score at the end of the trial was 4.0 vs. 0 for the intervention and control groups, respectively. There was no difference between groups in terms of mean NPRSdaily scores. CONCLUSIONS: Core strengthening exercises were effective in reducing in-flight pain and led to a reduction in pain symptoms and disability over the 12-wk study period as compared to those subjects who maintained their regular exercise regimen. C1 [Tvaryanas, Anthony P.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Currier, Linda] US Air Force, Med Grp 374, Yokota Air Base, Japan. [Plante, Timothy W.] US Air Force, Joint Base Pearl Harbor, Med Grp 15, Hickam, HI USA. [Kabban, Christine M. Schubert] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Tvaryanas, AP (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM anthony.tvaryanas@us.af.mil NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 11 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 2375-6314 EI 2375-6322 J9 AEROSP MED HUM PERF JI Aerosp. Med.Hum. Perform. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 86 IS 10 BP 889 EP 894 DI 10.3357/AMHP.4245.2015 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CS4PF UT WOS:000362057300006 PM 26564676 ER PT J AU Kapaku, RK Rankin, BA Gore, JP AF Kapaku, Robert K. Rankin, Brent A. Gore, Jay P. TI Quantitative imaging of radiation from soot and carbon dioxide in a turbulent ethylene jet diffusion flame SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Flame radiation; Soot radiation; Turbulent nonpremixed flame; Sooting flame; Infrared imaging ID THERMAL-RADIATION; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATIONS; METHANE; MODEL AB Quantitative imaging of mid-infrared radiation provides a unique capability to investigate temporally and spatially resolved radiation from gas species and particulates in turbulent flames. The current study reports and analyzes quantitative images of radiation intensity from a turbulent ethylene jet diffusion flame that matches the Reynolds number (15,200) of a non-sooting flame (DLR-A) from the International Workshop on Measurement and Computation of Turbulent Non-premixed Flames. A calibrated high-speed mid-infrared camera with two band-pass filters was used to acquire images of radiation intensity in wavelengths corresponding to soot and carbon dioxide. The measurements, in the wavelength band corresponding to radiation emissions from soot, show thin radiating structures corresponding to soot layers. The normalized probability density functions (PDFs) of soot radiation are skewed by intermittent high intensities while the PDFs of carbon dioxide radiation are more symmetric about the mean. The temporal and spatial integral scales of radiation from soot are up to 30% shorter than the corresponding scales of radiation from carbon dioxide for image centerline locations downstream of initial soot radiation detection. The images and analyses in this work will be compared with results of large eddy simulations rendered in the form of quantitative images of the mid-infrared radiation intensity. Such comparisons support the evaluation of models used in turbulent combustion and radiation simulations. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Kapaku, Robert K.; Gore, Jay P.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rankin, Brent A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rankin, BA (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brent.a.rankin@gmail.com RI Rankin, Brent/A-1598-2017 OI Rankin, Brent/0000-0002-5967-9527 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD OCT PY 2015 VL 162 IS 10 BP 3704 EP 3710 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.07.009 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CS2TT UT WOS:000361925600022 ER PT J AU Gao, X Zhang, Y Adusumilli, S Seitzman, J Sun, WT Ombrello, T Carter, C AF Gao, Xiang Zhang, Yao Adusumilli, Sampath Seitzman, Jerry Sun, Wenting Ombrello, Timothy Carter, Campbell TI The effect of ozone addition on laminar flame speed SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Ozone; Flame propagation; Laminar flame speed; Pressure effect; Ozonolysis reactions ID BURNING VELOCITY; COMPRESSION IGNITION; DIFFUSION FLAME; GAS-PHASE; COMBUSTION; METHANE; HYDROCARBONS; OZONOLYSIS; OXIDATION; MIXTURES AB The effect of ozone (O-3) addition on laminar flame speeds (S-L) across a wide pressure range was investigated experimentally and numerically using three fuels, CH4, C2H4 and C3H8. Enhancement of S-L due to O-3 addition was consistently observed for CH4 and C3H8 mixtures over a range of lean to rich equivalence ratios, based on comparisons of S-L measured with and without O-3 addition. For both fuels, simulation results agree with experimental results, with the best predictions at near stoichiometric conditions and the largest discrepancies for fuel-rich cases. A significant increase in the S-L enhancement was observed at elevated pressures: the enhancement in the measured S-L for a stoichiometric CH4/air mixture with 6334 parts per million (ppm) O-3 addition increased from 7.7% at atmospheric pressure to 11% at 2.5 atm. Elevated pressure both promotes O-3 decomposition, which provides O atoms, and suppresses diffusion of H, which reduces the influence of the O-3+H=OH+O-2 reaction. Together, these lead to the increased S-L enhancement with pressure. In contrast to the results for the two saturated hydrocarbons, both detrimental and beneficial effects due to O-3 addition were observed for the unsaturated hydrocarbon fuel, C2H4 in this study. With O-3 addition, C2H4/air S-L decreased at room temperature and pressure, owing to the heat loss induced by the exothermic ozonolysis reaction between O-3 and C2H4 in the mixing process, but increased as the ozonolysis reactions were minimized when reactants were cooled to 200 K or pressure was decreased below 0.66 atm. These experimental results were successfully explained by a numerical model that includes a new ozonolysis sub-mechanism. (C) 2015 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gao, Xiang; Zhang, Yao; Adusumilli, Sampath; Seitzman, Jerry; Sun, Wenting] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Ombrello, Timothy; Carter, Campbell] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sun, WT (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM wenting.sun@aerospace.gatech.edu NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD OCT PY 2015 VL 162 IS 10 BP 3914 EP 3924 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.07.028 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CS2TT UT WOS:000361925600038 ER PT J AU Roy, DG Mudaliar, S AF Roy, Dilip Ghosh Mudaliar, Saba TI Domain Derivatives in Dielectric Rough Surface Scattering SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Dielectric rough surface; domain differentiation; Eulerian derivative; locally perturbed; scattering ID INVERSE SCATTERING; KIRCHHOFF APPROXIMATION; FRECHET DERIVATIVES; RECONSTRUCTION; FIELD; ALGORITHMS; EQUATIONS; PROFILES; SHAPE AB The inverse scattering solution of shape and/or material parameter reconstruction is often posed as a problem in nonlinear minimization of an objective function with respect to N (usually large) number of unknown model parameters characterizing the scatterer. The minimization procedures are usually iterative, and require the gradient of the objective function in the unknown model parameter vector in each stage of iteration. For large N, finite differencing becomes numerically intensive, and an efficient alternative is domain differentiation in which the full gradient is obtained by solving a single scattering problem of an auxiliary field using the same scattering operator as that of the forward solution. A well-known technique in this direction is the so-called adjoint field method, which obtains the gradient by variationally minimizing an augmented objective function that includes the reduced wave equation via a Lagrange multiplier. Results are reported mostly for compact objects. This paper presents the domain derivative calculation of the gradient for a one-dimensional, locally perturbed, and infinitely long dielectric interface. The method is nonvariational and algebraic in nature in that it evaluates the gradient by directly domain differentiating the scattering equations. The computations are straightforward and easy to follow. The mathematical transformation of the scattering problem into the corresponding problem for the differentiated fields can be visualized explicitly. The formulation of and the motivation behind introducing the auxiliary field are explicitly demonstrated. Closed-form analytic expressions are obtained for the gradients for electromagnetic TE/TM scattering from dielectric rough surfaces and for scalar wave scattering from Neumann and Dirichlet rough surfaces. Results are compared with those of compact scatterers. Finally, the relationship between our results and Lorentz reciprocity is pointed out and clarified. C1 [Roy, Dilip Ghosh] Riverside Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45433 USA. [Mudaliar, Saba] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, DG (reprint author), Riverside Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45433 USA. EM saba.mudaliar@us.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors thank the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Air Force Research Laboratory for their support. They acknowledge the fruitful discussions with S. Norton (Duke University, Durham, NC, USA) and J. Wiskin (Techniscan, Salt Lake City, UT, USA). NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 63 IS 10 BP 4486 EP 4495 DI 10.1109/TAP.2015.2463682 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CS8TU UT WOS:000362362200025 ER PT J AU Briczinski, SJ Bernhardt, PA Siefring, CL Han, SM Pedersen, TR Scales, WA AF Briczinski, S. J. Bernhardt, P. A. Siefring, C. L. Han, S. -M. Pedersen, T. R. Scales, W. A. TI "Twisted Beam" SEE Observations of Ionospheric Heating from HAARP SO EARTH MOON AND PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Ionospheric modification; Orbital angular momentum; Twisted beam AB Nonlinear interactions of high power HF radio waves in the ionosphere provide aeronomers with a unique space-based laboratory capability. The High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) in Gakona, Alaska is the world's largest heating facility, yielding effective radiated powers in the gigawatt range. New results are present from HAARP experiments using a "twisted beam" excitation mode. Analysis of twisted beam heating shows that the SEE results obtained are identical to more traditional patterns. One difference in the twisted beam mode is the heating region produced is in the shape of a ring as opposed to the more traditional "solid spot" region from a pencil beam. The ring heating pattern may be more conducive to the creation of stable artificial airglow layers because of the horizontal structure of the ring. The results of these runs include artificial layer creation and evolution as pertaining to the twisted beam pattern. The SEE measurements aid the interpretation of the twisted beam interactions in the ionosphere. C1 [Briczinski, S. J.; Bernhardt, P. A.; Siefring, C. L.; Han, S. -M.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Pedersen, T. R.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Scales, W. A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Elect Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bern@ppd.nrl.navy.mil FU DARPA; NRL 6.1 Base Program FX The HAARP research at the Naval Research Laboratory was sponsored by DARPA and the NRL 6.1 Base Program. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9295 EI 1573-0794 J9 EARTH MOON PLANETS JI Earth Moon Planets PD OCT PY 2015 VL 116 IS 1 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.1007/s11038-015-9460-3 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA CS2JX UT WOS:000361897900003 ER PT J AU Klimova, M Zherebtsov, S Salishchev, G Semiatin, SL AF Klimova, M. Zherebtsov, S. Salishchev, G. Semiatin, S. L. TI Influence of deformation on the Burgers orientation relationship between the alpha and beta phases in Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Titanium alloys; Orientation relationships; Interfaces; EBSD ID 800 DEGREES-C; TI-6AL-4V ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURE; WORKING; HOT AB The evolution of microstructure in Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe with an initial lamellar microstructure during compression to a true strain 1.2 at 800 degrees C was established via EBSD analysis. The principal features comprised recrystallization of the beta matrix and fragmentation/spheroidization of alpha lamellae. Angular deviations from the Burgers orientation relation (OR) and the kinetics of the spheroidization of lamellar microstructure as a function of strain were quantified. The influence of the deviation from the OR on spheroidization kinetics of the lamellar structure was interpreted. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Klimova, M.; Zherebtsov, S.; Salishchev, G.] Belgorod State Univ, Belgorod 308015, Russia. [Semiatin, S. L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Klimova, M (reprint author), Belgorod State Univ, 85 Pobeda St, Belgorod 308015, Russia. EM klimova_mv@bsu.edu.su RI Salishchev, Gennady/G-4767-2016; Zherebtsov, Sergey/G-7435-2011; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 OI Salishchev, Gennady/0000-0002-0815-3525; Zherebtsov, Sergey/0000-0002-1663-429X; FU Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Russia, Belgorod State University [11.1816.2014/K] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Russia, Belgorod State University Project no. 11.1816.2014/K. The authors are grateful to the personnel of the Joint Research Centre, Belgorod State University, for their assistance with the experimental analysis. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 1 PY 2015 VL 645 BP 292 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2015.08.008 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CR8DS UT WOS:000361581900036 ER PT J AU Spera, C Matto, HC Travis, W AF Spera, Christopher Matto, Holly C. Travis, Wendy TI Research Note: Satisfaction with Air Force Way of Life Pre- and Post-9/11 SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE satisfaction; retention AB This study examined whether satisfaction with the Air Force (AF) as way of life increased post-9/11 and whether it has sustained. Using data from 179,309 personnel collected across a period of eight years (2000-2008) in four waves of cross-sectional data collection, we found that satisfaction with the AF as a way of life increased dramatically following 9/11 and since then has declined from the height, but has not returned to pre-9/11 levels. After controlling for time as well as demographics, the best predictors of satisfaction were (1) feeling that the AF is a good environment for bringing up children, (2) a strong a sense of community, and (3) perceived strong unit leader support for members and their families. C1 [Spera, Christopher] Abt Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. [Matto, Holly C.] George Mason Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Dept Social Work, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Travis, Wendy] US Air Force, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Spera, C (reprint author), Abt Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM cspera30@gmail.com NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X EI 1556-0848 J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 41 IS 4 BP 734 EP 741 DI 10.1177/0095327X14550857 PG 8 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA CR2OM UT WOS:000361169900007 ER PT J AU Miracle, DB AF Miracle, Daniel B. TI The density and packing fraction of binary metallic glasses (vol 61, pg 3157, 2013) SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Correction C1 US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Miracle, DB (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.miracle@us.af.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT 1 PY 2015 VL 98 BP 433 EP 436 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2015.07.065 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CR1GX UT WOS:000361074000043 ER PT J AU Hilton, AM Brown, JL Moore, EA Hoelscher, JA Heller, ER Dorsey, DL AF Hilton, A. M. Brown, J. L. Moore, E. A. Hoelscher, J. A. Heller, E. R. Dorsey, D. L. TI Characterization of Cross-Sectioned Gallium Nitride High-Electron-Mobility Transistors with In Situ Biasing SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT); degradation; Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM); reliability; trapping; point defect ID SCANNING CAPACITANCE MICROSCOPY; PROBE MICROSCOPY; ALGAN/GAN; SCALE AB AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) were characterized in cross-section by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) during in situ biasing. The HEMTs used in this study were specially designed to maintain full and representative transistor functionality after cross-sectioning perpendicular to the gate width dimension to expose the active channel from source to drain. A cross-sectioning procedure was established that produces samples with high-quality surfaces and minimal degradation in initial transistor performance. A detailed description of the cross-sectioning procedure is provided. Samples were characterized by KPFM, effectively mapping the surface potential of the device in two-dimensional cross-section, including under metallization layers (i.e., gate, field plates, and ohmic contacts). Under the gate and field plate layers are where electric field, temperature, and temperature gradients are all most commonly predicted to have peak values, and where degradation and failure are most likely, and so this is where direct measurements are most critical. In this work, the surface potential of the operating device was mapped in cross-section by KPFM. Charge redistribution was observed during and after biasing, and the surface potential was seen to decay with time back to the prebias condition. This work is a first step toward directly mapping and localizing the steady-state and transient charge distribution due to point defects (traps) before, during, and after device operation, including normally inaccessible regions such as under metallization layers. Such measurements have not previously been demonstrated for GaN HEMT technology. C1 [Hilton, A. M.; Brown, J. L.; Moore, E. A.; Hoelscher, J. A.] Wyle Aerosp Grp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Heller, E. R.; Dorsey, D. L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hilton, AM (reprint author), Wyle Aerosp Grp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM albert.hilton.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding for this work was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Program Officer: Dr. Michael Kendra). This work was executed under the Air Force Research Laboratory's High Reliability Electronics Virtual Center (HiREV). Many useful discussions with and technical assistance from HiREV members are gratefully acknowledged. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 EI 1543-186X J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 44 IS 10 BP 3259 EP 3264 DI 10.1007/s11664-015-3908-0 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA CQ5VD UT WOS:000360672900008 ER PT J AU Tschopp, MA Miller, JD Oppedal, AL Solanki, KN AF Tschopp, Mark A. Miller, Jonathan D. Oppedal, Andrew L. Solanki, Kiran N. TI Evaluating Local Primary Dendrite Arm Spacing Characterization Techniques Using Synthetic Directionally Solidified Dendritic Microstructures SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NICKEL-BASED SUPERALLOYS; HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELD; NI-BASED SUPERALLOY; BASE SUPERALLOYS; ALLOYS; SEGREGATION; MORPHOLOGY; VARIABLES; FEATURES AB Microstructure characterization continues to play an important bridge to understanding why particular processing routes or parameters affect the properties of materials. This statement certainly holds true in the case of directionally solidified dendritic microstructures, where characterizing the primary dendrite arm spacing is vital to developing the process-structure-property relationships that can lead to the design and optimization of processing routes for defined properties. In this work, four series of simulations were used to examine the capability of a few Voronoi-based techniques to capture local microstructure statistics (primary dendrite arm spacing and coordination number) in controlled (synthetically generated) microstructures. These simulations used both cubic and hexagonal microstructures with varying degrees of disorder (noise) to study the effects of length scale, base microstructure, microstructure variability, and technique parameters on the local PDAS distribution, local coordination number distribution, bulk PDAS, and bulk coordination number. The Voronoi tesselation technique with a polygon-side-length criterion correctly characterized the known synthetic microstructures. By systematically studying the different techniques for quantifying local primary dendrite arm spacings, we have evaluated their capability to capture this important microstructure feature in different dendritic microstructures, which can be an important step for experimentally correlating with both processing and properties in single crystal nickel-based superalloys. C1 [Tschopp, Mark A.] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Miller, Jonathan D.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Oppedal, Andrew L.] Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Solanki, Kiran N.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Tschopp, MA (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mark.a.tschopp.civ@mail.mil RI Solanki, Kiran/E-8337-2010; OI Tschopp, Mark/0000-0001-8471-5035 FU AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0135] FX The authors would like to acknowledge AFOSR for support for this research through contract FA9550-12-1-0135 (PM: Dr. David Stargel, AFOSR/RSA). The authors would like to acknowledge initial discussions with M. Groeber (Air Force Research Laboratory) in the beginning stages of this project. Additionally, the authors acknowledge R. Carino (Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University) for helping implement the scripts utilized herein into a more user-friendly GUI environment. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2015 VL 46A IS 10 BP 4610 EP 4628 DI 10.1007/s11661-015-2964-7 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CQ4EX UT WOS:000360558200023 ER PT J AU Harris, JR Jensen, KL Shiffler, DA AF Harris, J. R. Jensen, K. L. Shiffler, D. A. TI Modelling field emitter arrays using line charge distributions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE field emitters; electrostatics; cathodes ID ELECTRON-EMISSION; CARBON NANOTUBE; SURFACE; ENHANCEMENT AB Field emitter arrays are high-brightness electron sources with important current and future applications in vacuum electronics, particle accelerators, and directed energy. The current produced by individual emitters in these arrays is controlled by the total electric field on their surfaces, which depends on the background field, the space charge field from previously-emitted electrons, and field enhancements due to geometric features at the macro-, meso-, and micro-scales. To facilitate the study of shielding and space charge effects in these arrays, we have developed a mathematical model using tapered line charges to generate equipotential surfaces which approximate the geometry of high aspect ratio field emitters. This model provides an analytic approach for studying contributions to array performance due to macro-scale and meso-scale features such as array geometry, emitter height, and emitter tip radius. Here we present this model and use it to assess the impact of these parameters on the field enhancement factor of individual field emitters and emitters in 1D and 2D arrays. C1 [Harris, J. R.] US Navy Reserve, Navy Operat Support Ctr New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70143 USA. [Jensen, K. L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shiffler, D. A.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Harris, JR (reprint author), US Navy Reserve, Navy Operat Support Ctr New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70143 USA. EM john.r.harris3@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research Reserve Component Joint ST Focus Area; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support they have received from the Office of Naval Research Reserve Component Joint S&T Focus Area (JRH) and from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (KLJ), without which this work would not have been possible. Conversations with J Petillo (Leidos) are gratefully acknowledged. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD SEP 30 PY 2015 VL 48 IS 38 AR 385203 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/48/38/385203 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CS3HY UT WOS:000361964400015 ER PT J AU Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ Olson, BV Kadlec, EA Kim, JK Shaner, EA AF Haugan, H. J. Brown, G. J. Olson, B. V. Kadlec, E. A. Kim, J. K. Shaner, E. A. TI Demonstration of long minority carrier lifetimes in very narrow bandgap ternary InAs/GaInSb superlattices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED DETECTORS AB Minority carrier lifetimes in very long wavelength infrared (VLWIR) InAs/GaInSb superlattices (SLs) are reported using time-resolved microwave reflectance measurements. A strain-balanced ternary SL absorber layer of 47.0 angstrom InAs/21.5 angstrom Ga0.75In0.25Sb, corresponding to a bandgap of similar to 50 meV, is found to have a minority carrier lifetime of 140 +/- 20 ns at similar to 18 K. This lifetime is extraordinarily long, when compared to lifetime values previously reported for other VLWIR SL detector materials. This enhancement is attributed to the strain-engineered ternary design, which offers a variety of epitaxial advantages and ultimately leads to a reduction of defect-mediated recombination centers. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Haugan, H. J.; Brown, G. J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Olson, B. V.; Kadlec, E. A.; Kim, J. K.; Shaner, E. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM heather.haugan.ctr@us.af.mil OI Olson, Benjamin/0000-0003-1421-2541 FU Air Force Contract [FA8650-11-D-5800]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The work of H. J. Haugan was performed under Air Force Contract No. FA8650-11-D-5800. The authors thank S. Bowers for a technical assistance with the MBE system and X-ray measurements. The lifetime data reported here were conducted at Sandia National Laboratories, a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 28 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 13 AR 131102 DI 10.1063/1.4932056 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CT1QN UT WOS:000362575600002 ER PT J AU Park, J Back, T Mitchel, WC Kim, SS Elhamri, S Boeckl, J Fairchild, SB Naik, R Voevodin, AA AF Park, Jeongho Back, Tyson Mitchel, William C. Kim, Steve S. Elhamri, Said Boeckl, John Fairchild, Steven B. Naik, Rajesh Voevodin, Andrey A. TI Approach to multifunctional device platform with epitaxial graphene on transition metal oxide SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; HEXAGONAL BORON-NITRIDE; TIO2 NANOPARTICLES; PHOTORESPONSE; SENSITIZER; STATE AB Heterostructures consisting of two-dimensional materials have shown new physical phenomena, novel electronic and optical properties, and new device concepts not observed in bulk material systems or purely three dimensional heterostructures. These new effects originated mostly from the van der Waals interaction between the different layers. Here we report that a new optical and electronic device platform can be provided by heterostructures of 2D graphene with a metal oxide (TiO2). Our novel direct synthesis of graphene/TiO2 heterostructure is achieved by C-60 deposition on transition Ti metal surface using a molecular beam epitaxy approach and O-2 intercalation method, which is compatible with wafer scale growth of heterostructures. As-grown heterostructures exhibit inherent photosensitivity in the visible light spectrum with high photo responsivity. The photo sensitivity is 25 times higher than that of reported graphene photo detectors. The improved responsivity is attributed to optical transitions between O 2p orbitals in the valence band of TiO2 and C 2p orbitals in the conduction band of graphene enabled by Coulomb interactions at the interface. In addition, this heterostructure provides a platform for realization of bottom gated graphene field effect devices with graphene and TiO2 playing the roles of channel and gate dielectric layers, respectively. C1 [Park, Jeongho; Back, Tyson; Mitchel, William C.; Kim, Steve S.; Boeckl, John; Fairchild, Steven B.; Naik, Rajesh; Voevodin, Andrey A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL RXA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Back, Tyson] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Back, Tyson] Univ Dayton, Ctr Excellence Thin Film Res & Surface Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Elhamri, Said] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Park, J (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL RXA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeongho.park@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Laboratory Directors Fund from Air Force Research Laboratory. The authors wish to thank Mr. G. Landis for technical assistance and helpful discussion. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 35 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD SEP 23 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 14374 DI 10.1038/srep14374 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CR8IX UT WOS:000361595800002 PM 26395160 ER PT J AU Galbraith, MC Benek, JA Orkwis, PD Turner, MG AF Galbraith, Marshall C. Benek, John A. Orkwis, Paul D. Turner, Mark G. TI A discontinuous Galerkin scheme for Chimera overset viscous meshes on curved geometries SO COMPUTERS & FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE Discontinuous Galerkin; Chimera overset method ID CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; FLOW; SIMULATION; SOLVER AB The Chimera overset method is a powerful technique for modeling fluid flow associated with complex engineering problems. The use of structured meshes has enabled engineers to develop a number of high-order schemes, such as the WENO and compact differencing schemes. This paper demonstrates a Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) scheme with a Chimera overset method applied to viscous meshes on curved geometries. The small stencil of the DG scheme makes it particularly suitable for Chimera meshes. The small stencil simplifies the hole cutting and partitioning of grids that contain holes. In addition, because the DG scheme represents the solution as cell local polynomials, it does not require an interpolation scheme with a large stencil to establish the inter-grid communication in overlapping regions. Furthermore, the DG scheme is capable of using curved cells to represent geometric features. The curved cells resolve issues associated with linear non-co-located Chimera viscous meshes used for finite volume and finite difference schemes. The DG-Chimera method is demonstrated on a set of viscous Chimera meshes, which would produce erroneous results for a finite volume or finite difference scheme without corrections to the interpolation. (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Galbraith, Marshall C.; Orkwis, Paul D.; Turner, Mark G.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Benek, John A.] US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Galbraith, MC (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Marshall.Galbraith@gmail.com FU Department of Defense (DoD) through the National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG) Program FX This work was supported by the Department of Defense (DoD) through the National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG) Program. The authors are grateful for Dr. Krzysztof Fidkowski's assistance and insights in regards to the development of the Discontinuous Galerkin CFD solver, and for Dr. Ralph Noack assistance with the software SUGGAR++. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7930 EI 1879-0747 J9 COMPUT FLUIDS JI Comput. Fluids PD SEP 22 PY 2015 VL 119 BP 176 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.compfluid.2015.07.002 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Mechanics GA CQ9RJ UT WOS:000360952400014 ER PT J AU Allen, KW Farahi, N Li, YC Limberopoulos, NI Walker, DE Urbas, AM Astratov, VN AF Allen, Kenneth W. Farahi, Navid Li, Yangcheng Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Walker, Dennis E., Jr. Urbas, Augustine M. Astratov, Vasily N. TI Overcoming the diffraction limit of imaging nanoplasmonic arrays by microspheres and microfibers SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID IMMERSION MICROSCOPE; OPTICAL HYPERLENS; PHOTONIC NANOJET; RESOLUTION; SUPERRESOLUTION; LIGHT; NANOPARTICLES; ENHANCEMENT; NANOSCOPE; EMISSION AB Super-resolution microscopy by microspheres emerged as a simple and broadband imaging technique; however, the mechanisms of imaging are debated in the literature. Furthermore, the resolution values were estimated based on semi-quantitative criteria. The primary goals of this work are threefold: i) to quantify the spatial resolution provided by this method, ii) to compare the resolution of nanoplasmonic structures formed by different metals, and iii) to understand the imaging provided by microfibers. To this end, arrays of Au and Al nanoplasmonic dimers with very similar geometry were imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy at lambda = 405 nm through high-index (n similar to 1.9-2.2) liquid-immersed BaTiO3 microspheres and through etched silica microfibers. We developed a treatment of super-resolved images in label-free microscopy based on using point-spread functions with subdiffraction-limited widths. It is applicable to objects with arbitrary shapes and can be viewed as an integral form of the super-resolution quantification widely accepted in fluorescent microscopy. In the case of imaging through microspheres, the resolution similar to lambda/6-lambda/7 is demonstrated for Au and Al nanoplasmonic arrays. In the case of imaging through microfibers, the resolution similar to lambda/6 with magnification M similar to 2.1 is demonstrated in the direction perpendicular to the fiber with hundreds of times larger field-of-view in comparison to microspheres. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Allen, Kenneth W.; Farahi, Navid; Li, Yangcheng; Astratov, Vasily N.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Walker, Dennis E., Jr.; Astratov, Vasily N.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Urbas, Augustine M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Astratov, VN (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM kenneth.allen@gtri.gatech.edu; astratov@uncc.edu FU U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-09-1-0450]; Center for Metamaterials, an NSF I/U CRC [1068050]; Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYD, AFRL/RXC) through the AMMTIAC with Alion Science and Technology; MCF II contract with UES, Inc. FX The authors thank Dr. Alexey Maslov for stimulating discussions. The authors also thank Dr. Glen Marrs for his help with the use of Zeiss LSM 710 microscope and Drs. Didier Dreau and Robert Peterson for their help with the use of Olympus FV1000 microscope. This work was supported by the U.S. Army Research Office through Dr. J. T. Prater under Contract No. W911NF-09-1-0450 and by Center for Metamaterials, an NSF I/U CRC, award number 1068050. Also, this work was sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYD, AFRL/RXC) through the AMMTIAC contract with Alion Science and Technology and the MCF II contract with UES, Inc. NR 57 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 9 U2 24 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 21 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 19 BP 24484 EP 24496 DI 10.1364/OE.23.024484 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA CW5ZQ UT WOS:000365076400068 PM 26406653 ER PT J AU Martinez, O Ard, SG Li, AY Shuman, NS Guo, H Viggiano, AA AF Martinez, Oscar, Jr. Ard, Shaun G. Li, Anyang Shuman, Nicholas S. Guo, Hua Viggiano, Albert A. TI Temperature-dependent kinetic measurements and quasi-classical trajectory studies for the OH+ + H-2/D-2. H2O+/HDO+ + H/D reactions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FORMING BIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; ATOM ABSTRACTION REACTIONS; ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; INTERSTELLAR OH+; THERMAL-ENERGY; RATE CONSTANTS; H2O+; DYNAMICS; H3O+; REACTIVITY AB We have measured the temperature-dependent kinetics for the reactions of OH+ with H-2 and D-2 using a selected ion flow tube apparatus. Reaction occurs via atom abstraction to result in H2O+/HDO+ + H/D. Room temperature rate coefficients are in agreement with prior measurements and resulting temperature dependences are T-0.11 for the hydrogen and T-0.25 for the deuterated reactions. This work is prompted in part by recent theoretical work that mapped a full-dimensional global potential energy surface of H3O+ for the OH+ + H-2 -> H + H2O+ reaction [A. Li and H. Guo, J. Phys. Chem. A 118, 11168 (2014)], and reported results of quasi-classical trajectory calculations, which are extended to a wider temperature range and initial rotational state specification here. Our experimental results are in excellent agreement with these calculations which accurately predict the isotope effect in addition to an enhancement of the reaction rate constant due to the molecular rotation of OH+. The title reaction is of high importance to astrophysical models, and the temperature dependence of the rate coefficients determined here should now allow for better understanding of this reaction at temperatures more relevant to the interstellar medium. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Martinez, Oscar, Jr.; Ard, Shaun G.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Li, Anyang; Guo, Hua] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Guo, H (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM hguo@unm.edu; afrl.rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil RI Guo, Hua/J-2685-2014; Li, Anyang/J-2138-2016 OI Guo, Hua/0000-0001-9901-053X; Li, Anyang/0000-0001-6634-842X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-FA9550-15-1-0305, AFOSR-2303EP]; National Research Council; Boston College Institute of Scientific Research; Scientific Foundation of Northwest University [338050068] FX Support for this work comes from the following sources: H.G.-the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant No. AFOSR-FA9550-15-1-0305) and A. A. V.-the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant No. AFOSR-2303EP). O.M. acknowledges support from the National Research Council and S.G.A. acknowledges support from the Boston College Institute of Scientific Research. A.L. acknowledges partial support from the Scientific Foundation of Northwest University (Grant No. 338050068). NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 21 PY 2015 VL 143 IS 11 AR 114310 DI 10.1063/1.4931109 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CS1QX UT WOS:000361843900033 PM 26395708 ER PT J AU Guthrie, OW Wong, BA McInturf, SM Reboulet, JE Ortiz, PA Mattie, DR AF Guthrie, O'neil W. Wong, Brian A. McInturf, Shawn M. Reboulet, James E. Ortiz, Pedro A. Mattie, David R. TI INHALATION OF HYDROCARBON JET FUEL SUPPRESS CENTRAL AUDITORY NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID SPIRAL GANGLION NEURONS; INDUCED HEARING-LOSS; IN-NOISE PERCEPTION; SPEECH-PERCEPTION; NEUROBEHAVIORAL CAPACITY; NEUROTRANSMITTER LEVELS; REPEATED EXPOSURE; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; REPAIR PROTEINS; OLDER-ADULTS AB More than 800 million L/d of hydrocarbon fuels is used to power cars, boats, and jet airplanes. The weekly consumption of these fuels necessarily puts the public at risk for repeated inhalation exposure. Recent studies showed that exposure to hydrocarbon jet fuel produces lethality in presynaptic sensory cells, leading to hearing loss, especially in the presence of noise. However, the effects of hydrocarbon jet fuel on the central auditory nervous system (CANS) have not received much attention. It is important to investigate the effects of hydrocarbons on the CANS in order to complete current knowledge regarding the ototoxic profile of such exposures. The objective of the current study was to determine whether inhalation exposure to hydrocarbon jet fuel might affect the functions of the CANS. Male Fischer 344 rats were randomly divided into four groups (control, noise, fuel, and fuel + noise). The structural and functional integrity of presynaptic sensory cells was determined in each group. Neurotransmission in both peripheral and central auditory pathways was simultaneously evaluated in order to identify and differentiate between peripheral and central dysfunctions. There were no detectable effects on pre- and postsynaptic peripheral functions. However, the responsiveness of the brain was significantly depressed and neural transmission time was markedly delayed. The development of CANS dysfunctions in the general public and the military due to cumulative exposure to hydrocarbon fuels may represent a significant but currently unrecognized public health issue. C1 [Guthrie, O'neil W.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Cell & Mol Pathol Lab, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Guthrie, O'neil W.] Loma Linda Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Res Serv, Linda, CA USA. [Guthrie, O'neil W.] Loma Linda Univ, Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Loma Linda, CA USA. [Wong, Brian A.; McInturf, Shawn M.; Reboulet, James E.; Ortiz, Pedro A.] Naval Med Res Unit Dayton, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Mattie, David R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mol Bioeffects Branch, Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Guthrie, OW (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, 208 E Pine Knoll Dr,Bldg 66,Room 302, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Oneil.Guthrie@nau.edu FU U.S. Air Force [SG5I]; Henry Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine; Loma Linda Veterans Association for Research and Education; Navy work unit [61062] FX This study was supported by the U.S. Air Force Surgeon General (SG5I) and managed through 711 HPW/RHDJ, Henry Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Loma Linda Veterans Association for Research and Education, and Navy work unit number 61062. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 EI 1087-2620 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD SEP 17 PY 2015 VL 78 IS 18 BP 1154 EP 1169 DI 10.1080/15287394.2015.1070389 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA CT5DD UT WOS:000362826800003 PM 26408153 ER PT J AU Rohan, JG Carhuatanta, KA McInturf, SM Miklasevich, MK Jankord, R AF Rohan, Joyce G. Carhuatanta, Kim A. McInturf, Shawn M. Miklasevich, Molly K. Jankord, Ryan TI Modulating Hippocampal Plasticity with In Vivo Brain Stimulation SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE brain stimulation; extracellular recording; hippocampus; long term potentiation; rat; tDCS ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; HUMAN MOTOR CORTEX; WORKING-MEMORY; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; POLARIZING CURRENTS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CA3-CA1 SYNAPSE; RAT HIPPOCAMPUS; CEREBRAL CORTEX; BEHAVING MICE AB Investigations into the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in relieving symptoms of neurological disorders and enhancing cognitive or motor performance have exhibited promising results. However, the mechanisms by which tDCS effects brain function remain under scrutiny. We have demonstrated that in vivo tDCS in rats produced a lasting effect on hippocampal synaptic plasticity, as measured using extracellular recordings. Ex vivo preparations of hippocampal slices from rats that have been subjected to tDCS of 0.10 or 0.25 mA for 30 min followed by 30 min of recovery time displayed a robust twofold enhancement in long-term potentiation (LTP) induction accompanied by a 30% increase in paired-pulse facilitation (PPF). The magnitude of the LTP effect was greater with 0.25 mA compared with 0.10 mA stimulations, suggesting a dose-dependent relationship between tDCS intensity and its effect on synaptic plasticity. To test the persistence of these observed effects, animals were stimulated in vivo for 30 min at 0.25 mA and then allowed to return to their home cage for 24 h. Observation of the enhanced LTP induction, but not the enhanced PPF, continued 24 h after completion of 0.25 mA of tDCS. Addition of the NMDA blocker AP-5 abolished LTP in both control and stimulated rats but maintained the PPF enhancement in stimulated rats. The observation of enhanced LTP and PPF after tDCS demonstrates that non-invasive electrical stimulation is capable of modifying synaptic plasticity. C1 [Rohan, Joyce G.; McInturf, Shawn M.; Miklasevich, Molly K.] Naval Med Res Unit Dayton, Environm Hlth Effects Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Carhuatanta, Kim A.; Jankord, Ryan] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rohan, Joyce G.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Miklasevich, Molly K.] CAMRIS Int, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Rohan, JG (reprint author), Naval Med Res Unit Dayton, Area B,Bldg 837,2729 R St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Joyce.Rohan.ctr@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research award [13RH14C0R]; National Research Council FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research award #13RH14C0R, a postdoctoral fellowship award from the National Research Council, and an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the Naval Medical Research Unit-Dayton (NAMRU-D) administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and NAMRU-D. We thank Naomi Bechmann, Raquel Moore, Kevin Schmidt, Saline Hughes, and Justin Stafford for their contribution to this work. NR 57 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0270-6474 J9 J NEUROSCI JI J. Neurosci. PD SEP 16 PY 2015 VL 35 IS 37 BP 12824 EP 12832 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2376-15.2015 PG 9 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA CU6RC UT WOS:000363659500019 PM 26377469 ER PT J AU Kim, SS Kuang, ZF Ngo, YH Farmer, BL Naik, RR AF Kim, Steve S. Kuang, Zhifeng Ngo, Yen H. Farmer, Barry L. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Biotic-Abiotic Interactions: Factors that Influence Peptide-Graphene Interactions SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE graphene; peptides; molecular interactions; QCM; molecular dynamics; phage display ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FILMS; SURFACES; SIMULATIONS; PROTEINS; BINDING; METAL; WATER; FIELD AB Understanding the factors that influence the interaction between biomolecules and abiotic surfaces is of utmost interest in biosensing and biomedical research. Through phage display technology, several peptides have been identified as specific binders to abiotic material surfaces, such as gold, graphene, silver, and so forth. Using graphene peptide as our model abiotic biotic pair, we investigate the effect of graphene quality, number of layers, and the underlying support substrate effect on graphene peptide interactions using both experiments and computation. Our results indicate that graphene quality plays a significant role in graphene peptide interactions. The graphene biomolecule interaction appears to show no significant dependency on the number of graphene layers or the underlying support substrate. C1 [Kim, Steve S.; Kuang, Zhifeng; Ngo, Yen H.; Farmer, Barry L.; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR, LRIR) [12RX11COR] FX This research was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR, LRIR #12RX11COR). The authors thank Dr. Varshney and Dr. Jespersen at AFRL for their helpful discussion and technical assistance, respectively. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD SEP 16 PY 2015 VL 7 IS 36 BP 20447 EP 20453 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b06434 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CR7BA UT WOS:000361501700067 PM 26305504 ER PT J AU Langer, K Olson, S Brockman, R Braisted, W Spradlin, T Fitzpatrick, ME AF Langer, Kristina Olson, Steven Brockman, Robert Braisted, William Spradlin, Thomas Fitzpatrick, Michael E. TI High Strain-Rate Material Model Validation for Laser Peening Simulation SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING-JOE LA English DT Article ID RESIDUAL-STRESSES; SHOCK; DEFORMATION; PREDICTION AB Finite element modeling can be a powerful tool for predicting residual stresses induced by laser peening; however the sign and magnitude of the stress predictions depend strongly on how the material model captures the high strain rate response. Although a Johnson-Cook formulation is often employed, its suitability for modeling phenomena at very high strain rates has not been rigorously evaluated. In this paper, we address the effectiveness of the Johnson-Cook model, with parameters developed from lower strain rate material data (similar to 10(3) s(-1)), to capture the higher strain rate response (similar to 10(5)-10(6) s(-1)) encountered during the laser peening process. Published Johnson-Cook parameters extracted from split Hopkinson bar testing were used to predict the shock response of aluminum samples during high-impact flyer plate tests. Additional quasi-static and split Hopkinson bar tests were also conducted to study the model response in the lower strain rate regime. The overall objective of the research was to ascertain whether a material model based on conventional test data (quasi-static compression testing and split Hopkinson bar measurements) can credibly be used in FE simulations to predict laser peen-induced stresses. C1 [Langer, Kristina; Spradlin, Thomas] Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RQVS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Olson, Steven; Brockman, Robert; Braisted, William] Univ Dayton, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Fitzpatrick, Michael E.] Coventry Univ, Fac Engn & Comp, Coventry CV1 5FB, W Midlands, England. RP Langer, K (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RQVS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.fitzpatrick@coventry.ac.uk NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 2051-3305 J9 J ENG-JOE JI J. Eng.-JOE PD SEP 9 PY 2015 DI 10.1049/joe.2015.0118 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA DU8FH UT WOS:000382448200001 ER PT J AU Wu, JB Xi, Y McCandless, GT Xie, YH Menon, R Patel, Y Yang, DJ Iacono, ST Novak, BM AF Wu, Jingbo Xi, Yang McCandless, Gregory T. Xie, Yinhuan Menon, Remya Patel, Yash Yang, Duck Joo Iacono, Scott T. Novak, Bruce M. TI Synthesis and Characterization of Partially Fluorinated Polybenzoxazine Resins Utilizing Octafluorocyclopentene as a Versatile Building Block SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DIAMINE-BASED BENZOXAZINES; ARYL ETHER POLYMERS; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; MAIN-CHAIN; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; POLYMERIZATION; FILMS; THERMOSETS; MONOMERS AB Two new fluorinated diamine-based benzoxazines using octafluorocyclopentene (OFCP) as a building block have been developed. Monomers were synthesized via two distinct synthetic procedures utilizing the facile nucleophilic addition elimination reaction of OFCP with phenols amenable to a multigram scale-up. The structure elucidation of both monomers was confirmed by H-1, F-19, and C-13 NMR, ATR-FTIR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Benzoxazine networks were prepared by a thermally mediated ring-opening polymerization. ATR-FTIR analysis was utilized to monitor the ring-opening reaction of the monomers. The resulting two cured resins exhibit the combined excellent properties of low dielectric constants (k = 3.2-2.6), excellent thermal stability, and high char yields which are suitable for many applications such as flame-resistant materials as well as aerospace and microelectronic industries. C1 [Wu, Jingbo; McCandless, Gregory T.; Xie, Yinhuan; Menon, Remya; Patel, Yash; Yang, Duck Joo; Novak, Bruce M.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Chem, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Wu, Jingbo; McCandless, Gregory T.; Xie, Yinhuan; Menon, Remya; Patel, Yash; Yang, Duck Joo; Novak, Bruce M.] Univ Texas Dallas, Alan G MacDiarmid NanoTech Inst, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Xi, Yang] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Wu, JB (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Chem, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM wjbsioc2013@gmail.com; scott.iacono@usafa.edu RI xi, yang/D-5413-2017; Wu, Jingbo/E-6305-2017 OI xi, yang/0000-0002-2779-7895; FU NMR facility of chemistry department; NSF [CHE-1126177]; University of Texas at Dallas FX The authors thank Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, the NMR facility of chemistry department (NSF, Grant CHE-1126177), and the University of Texas at Dallas for their support. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 8 PY 2015 VL 48 IS 17 BP 6087 EP 6095 DI 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01014 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CR3SP UT WOS:000361253700006 ER PT J AU Gruneisen, MT Flanagan, MB Sickmiller, BA Black, JP Stoltenberg, KE Duchane, AW AF Gruneisen, Mark T. Flanagan, Michael B. Sickmiller, Brett A. Black, James P. Stoltenberg, Kurt E. Duchane, Alexander W. TI Modeling daytime sky access for a satellite quantum key distribution downlink SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FREE-SPACE; CRYPTOGRAPHY; POLARIZATION; DAYLIGHT AB Daytime sky radiance can lead to quantum-bit-error rates (QBER) sufficiently high to preclude quantum key distribution over satellite-to-Earth downlinks. For circular orbits, sky radiance and propagation losses are both pointing-angle-dependent quantities. This dependence makes it possible to map the sky as a function of the QBER in certain protocols. Sky radiance distributions are generated by libRadtran software with aerosol values representative of summer and winter. Hemispherical maps of the QBER are created for orbit altitudes of 400 and 800 km. Sunrise-to-sunset simulations are presented for a system with commercial optical components and compared to a case employing an atomic-line spectral filter. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Gruneisen, Mark T.; Duchane, Alexander W.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Flanagan, Michael B.; Sickmiller, Brett A.] Leidos, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Black, James P.; Stoltenberg, Kurt E.] Boeing Co, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gruneisen, MT (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We gratefully acknowledge Joel Hensley and David Woolf of Physical Sciences Inc. for technical discussions under AF SBIR Contract No. FA9451-13-C-0090, Satellite Quantum Communication Using Atomic Line Filters, and David Mikolajczak of The Boeing Company for generating the satellite passes shown in Fig. 2. We gratefully acknowledge the International AERONET Federation for the regional aerosol data made available through their web site. This work is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 7 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 18 BP 23924 EP 23934 DI 10.1364/OE.23.023924 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA CS9OG UT WOS:000362419900083 ER PT J AU Hyde, MW Basu, S Voelz, DG Xiao, XF AF Hyde, Milo W. Basu, Santasri Voelz, David G. Xiao, Xifeng TI Experimentally generating any desired partially coherent Schell-model source using phase-only control SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATORS; STOCHASTIC ELECTROMAGNETIC BEAMS; PHYSICAL OPTICS SOLUTION; TURBULENT ATMOSPHERE; CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; VECTOR BEAMS; SCATTERING; POLARIZATION; PROPAGATION; AMPLITUDE AB A technique is presented to produce any desired partially coherent Schell-model source using a single phase-only liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (SLM). Existing methods use SLMs in combination with amplitude filters to manipulate the phase and amplitude of an initially coherent source. The technique presented here controls both the phase and amplitude using a single SLM, thereby making the amplitude filters unnecessary. This simplifies the optical setup and significantly increases the utility and flexibility of the resulting system. The analytical development of the technique is presented and discussed. To validate the proposed approach, experimental results of three partially coherent Schell-model sources are presented and analyzed. A brief discussion of possible applications is provided in closing. (C) 2015 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Hyde, Milo W.] US Air Force, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol Dayton, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Basu, Santasri] US Air Force, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol Dayton, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Voelz, David G.; Xiao, Xifeng] New Mexico State Univ, Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Hyde, MW (reprint author), US Air Force, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol Dayton, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM milo.hyde@afit.edu; santasri.basu.ctr.in@afit.edu; davvoelz@nmsu.edu; xixiao@nmsu.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University Research Initiative (MURI) [FA9550-12-1-0449] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University Research Initiative (MURI) Grant No. FA9550-12-1-0449. NR 72 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 7 PY 2015 VL 118 IS 9 AR 093102 DI 10.1063/1.4929811 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CQ9IE UT WOS:000360926500002 ER PT J AU Harshman, SW Dershem, VL Fan, MM Watts, BS Slusher, GM Flory, LE Grigsby, CC Ott, DK AF Harshman, Sean W. Dershem, Victoria L. Fan, Maomian Watts, Brandy S. Slusher, Grant M. Flory, Laura E. Grigsby, Claude C. Ott, Darrin K. TI The stability of Tenax TA thermal desorption tubes in simulated field conditions on the HAPSITE((R)) ER SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE air quality; thermal desorption; flight; Tenax TA; HAPSITE((R)) ER ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ADSORBENT TUBE; BREAKTHROUGH MEASUREMENTS; DISCRIMINATE DISEASES; METABOLITE PROFILES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FUNGAL DISEASES; FATTY-ACIDS; AIR; EMISSIONS AB Due to the growing need to monitor aircraft cabin, cockpit and breathing-line air quality, functional assessment of sampling equipment for the specialised field conditions of flight need to be established for both in-flight and ground safety. In this article, we assess the reliability of Tenax TA thermal desorption tubes to perform under various relevant field sampling conditions, such as storage temperature, loading temperature, vibrational velocity, gravitational force (G Force) and altitude pressure with semi-real-time gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis on the field portable HAPSITE((R)) ER (Hazardous Air Pollutants on Site Extended Range) instrument. First, we show that Tenax TA thermal desorption tubes can handle storage under extreme environmental conditions, 4-77 degrees C, over numerous analytical test cycles. Next, we confirm that extreme loading temperature, both hot (77 degrees C) and cold (4 degrees C), does not affect the analytical reliability of Tenax TA thermal desorption tubes. Then, we illustrate that G Force may have a significant (p <= 0.0364) effect on Tenax TA performance while vibrational velocity (p <= 0.7265) and low ambient air pressure (p <= 0.1753), such as that found at high altitude, do not. Finally, several Tenax TA thermal desorption tubes were flight-tested, demonstrating that the durability of these tubes maybe insufficient for use on military cargo aircraft (p=0.0107). The results presented here provide a rationale for additional testing of Tenax TA thermal desorption tubes for flight suitability. C1 [Harshman, Sean W.; Slusher, Grant M.; Flory, Laura E.] UES Inc, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dershem, Victoria L.; Ott, Darrin K.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fan, Maomian; Watts, Brandy S.; Grigsby, Claude C.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Harshman, SW (reprint author), UES Inc, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sean.harshman.ctr@us.af.mil FU UES Inc. under United States Air Force [FA8650-14-D-6516] FX Support for this work was provided by a contract from UES Inc. under United States Air Force contract FA8650-14-D-6516. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-7319 EI 1029-0397 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PD SEP 2 PY 2015 VL 95 IS 11 BP 1014 EP 1029 DI 10.1080/03067319.2015.1077520 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CR2UY UT WOS:000361187400005 ER PT J AU Schumacher, PW Sabol, C Higginson, CC Alfriend, KT AF Schumacher, Paul W., Jr. Sabol, Chris Higginson, Clayton C. Alfriend, Kyle T. TI Uncertain Lambert Problem SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID ORBIT DETERMINATION; TRANSFORMATION; PROPAGATION AB This analysis addresses the problem of constructing uncertainties in initial and final satellite orbital state vectors that are dynamically consistent in Lambert's boundary-value problem, given uncertainties in the initial and final position vectors. The structure of the general nonlinear problem is discussed in terms of transformations of the probability density functions of the given positions. For the linear (first-order) variational version of the problem, the covariance matrices of the state variations are presented in explicit terms of the covariance matrix of the given position variations and partitions of the state transition matrix of the nominal orbit. Equivalence is demonstrated between the linear variational results, which involve no iteration, and a weighted batch least-squares differential-correction solution of the orbit determination problem. To illustrate the utility of the working formulas in the linear variational problem, two approaches are taken: 1)an analytic approach to solve directly for the covariance terms, based on linearized dynamics, and 2)a numerical MonteCarlo-based approach that generates a sample covariance. The numerical results for state covariance from the analytic approach agree with results obtained by batch least-squares differential correction, and both agree with results from the MonteCarlo approach to within differences explainable by the limitations of sampling. C1 [Schumacher, Paul W., Jr.; Sabol, Chris] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. [Higginson, Clayton C.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Alfriend, Kyle T.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Schumacher, PW (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Commander's Research Discretionary Fund; U.S. Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program's Summer Cadet Research Program FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Commander's Research Discretionary Fund and by the U.S. Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program's Summer Cadet Research Program. The authors thank R. H. Battin for sharing his contagious love for mathematics and astrodynamics. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 38 IS 9 SI SI BP 1573 EP 1584 DI 10.2514/1.G001019 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CS1LV UT WOS:000361827900005 ER PT J AU DeMars, KJ Hussein, II Frueh, C Jah, MK Erwin, RS AF DeMars, Kyle J. Hussein, Islam I. Frueh, Carolin Jah, Moriba K. Erwin, R. Scott TI Multiple-Object Space Surveillance Tracking Using Finite-Set Statistics SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID HYPOTHESIS DENSITY FILTER; UNCERTAINTY PROPAGATION; ORBIT DETERMINATION; INFORMATION; ENTROPY; SYSTEMS; MODELS AB The dynamic tracking of objects is, in general, concerned with state estimation using imperfect data. Multiple object tracking adds the difficulty of encountering unknown associations between the collected data and the objects. State estimation of objects necessitates the prediction of uncertainty through nonlinear (in the general case) dynamical systems and the processing of nonlinear (in the general case) measurement data in order to provide corrections that refine the system uncertainty, where the uncertainty may be non-Gaussian in nature. The sensors, which provide the measurement data, are imperfect with possible misdetections, false alarms, and noise-affected data. The resulting measurements are inherently unassociated upon reception. In this paper, a Bayesian method for tracking an arbitrary, but known, number of objects is developed. The method is based on finite-set statistics coupled with finite mixture model representations of the multiobject probability density function. Instead of relying on first-moment approximations, such as the probability hypothesis density filter, to the full multiobject Bayesian posterior, as is often done for multiobject filtering, the proposed method operates directly on the exact Bayesian posterior. Results are presented for application of the method to the problem of tracking multiple space objects using synthetic line-of-sight data. C1 [DeMars, Kyle J.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Hussein, Islam I.] Appl Def Solut, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Frueh, Carolin] Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronautics, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jah, Moriba K.; Erwin, R. Scott] US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP DeMars, KJ (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Research Council FX The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the National Research Council. This paper is approved for public release: 377ABW-2014-0581. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 38 IS 9 SI SI BP 1741 EP 1756 DI 10.2514/1.G000987 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CS1LV UT WOS:000361827900017 ER PT J AU Sinclair, AJ Sherrill, RE Lovell, TA AF Sinclair, Andrew J. Sherrill, Ryan E. Lovell, T. Alan TI Use of Cartesian-Coordinate Calibration for Satellite Relative-Motion Control SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEARITY; DYNAMICS C1 [Sinclair, Andrew J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 211 Davis Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Sherrill, Ryan E.] Engil Corp, Engn & Program Management Group, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sinclair, AJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 211 Davis Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Sinclair, Andrew/H-2156-2013 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 38 IS 9 SI SI BP 1842 EP 1846 DI 10.2514/1.G000683 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CS1LV UT WOS:000361827900028 ER PT J AU Li, F Choudhari, M Chang, CL Kimmel, R Adamczak, D Smith, M AF Li, Fei Choudhari, Meelan Chang, Chau-Lyan Kimmel, Roger Adamczak, David Smith, Mark TI Transition Analysis for the Ascent Phase of HIFiRE-1 Flight Experiment SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID GROUND TEST AB The HIFiRE-1 flight experiment provided a valuable database for boundary-layer transition over a 7deg half-angle, circular cone model from supersonic to hypersonic Mach numbers as well as a range of Reynolds numbers and angles of incidence. This paper reports the findings from a computational analysis of the measured in-flight transition behavior during the ascent phase. Given a nearly zero angle of attack, computations indicate that the most likely cause for transition during the flight window of 19 to 22.5s is the amplification of second-mode instabilities in the laminar boundary layer, except in the vicinity of the cone meridian, where a roughness element was placed midway along the length of the cone. The growth of first-mode instabilities is found to be weak at all trajectory points analyzed from the ascent phase. Based on the time histories of temperature and/or heat flux at transducer locations within the aft portion of the cone, the onset of transition across the aforementioned window is found to correlate with an average linear N-factor, based on parabolized stability equations, of approximately 13.3. For times less than approximately 18s into the flight, the peak amplification ratio for second-mode disturbances is too small to cause transition because of the lower Mach numbers at earlier times. Therefore, the observed transition at these times is attributed to an unknown physical mechanism that is potentially related to the step discontinuities in surface height near the changes in surface material. C1 [Li, Fei; Choudhari, Meelan; Chang, Chau-Lyan] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Computat AeroSci Branch, MS 128, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Kimmel, Roger; Adamczak, David] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Smith, Mark] NASA, Armstrong Res Ctr, Aerodynam & Prop Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. RP Li, F (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Computat AeroSci Branch, MS 128, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP PY 2015 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1283 EP 1293 DI 10.2514/1.A33258 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CS1RM UT WOS:000361845400002 ER PT J AU Showalter, DJ Black, JT AF Showalter, Daniel J. Black, Jonathan T. TI Optimal Continuous-Thrust Responsive Theater Maneuvers SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID ASSIST TRAJECTORIES OPTIMIZATION; PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION; HYBRID GENETIC ALGORITHM; PSEUDOSPECTRAL METHODS; DESIGN AB This research investigates a continuous-thrust implementation of the responsive theater maneuver, which is designed to alter a spacecraft's entry conditions as it overflies a specified geographic region, called the exclusion zone. A particle swarm optimization algorithm employing shape-based continuous-thrust trajectory approximation is used to seed a direct orthogonal collocation routine employing a nonlinear programming problem solver. This approach is used to generate optimal continuous-thrust responsive theater maneuver trajectories. The combination of particle swarm optimization, shape-based continuous-thrust trajectory approximation, and direct orthogonal collocation is shown to generate fuel-optimal trajectories for single-, double-, and triple-pass cases of the responsive theater maneuver problem. Further, these continuous-thrust trajectories are shown to satisfy the analytical necessary conditions for an optimal control and require delta velocities only slightly larger than those required for impulsive responsive theater maneuvers delivering the same effects. As continuous-thrust propulsion technology improves, the continuous-thrust responsive theater maneuvers can provide propellant mass expenditure savings over their impulsive counterparts despite requiring more delta velocity. C1 [Showalter, Daniel J.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Black, Jonathan T.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Aerosp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Showalter, DJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Black, Jonathan/R-4875-2016 OI Black, Jonathan/0000-0001-9315-3994 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP PY 2015 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1375 EP 1387 DI 10.2514/1.A33108 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CS1RM UT WOS:000361845400010 ER PT J AU Hausgen, PE Carpenter, B AF Hausgen, Paul E. Carpenter, Bernie TI Value of Solar Array Technology Advancement SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB In making investment decisions for spacecraft technology development, it is critical to understand how such advances impact spacecraft budgets such as mass, volume, and power. Beneficial effects on spacecraft budgets translate into improved payload capability and/or reduced spacecraft cost. Reduced cost and improved capability are central goals for the space enterprise, including both military and commercial entities. This work systematically evaluates the effect of increasing solar array performance on spacecraft mass, volume, power, and cost budgets for three assumed missions: low Earth orbit (3kW), medium Earth orbit (10kW), and geostationary Earth orbit (20kW). Solar array metrics used to quantify improved solar array performance are specific power (watts per kilogram), stowed power density (kilowatts per cubic meter), and solar cell efficiency (percent). Changes in solar array metrics are translated into the effect on spacecraft mass, volume, power, and cost budgets for the three assumed missions. Although the results presented are anchored to an assumed mission set with an associated baseline solar array design, the trends are applicable to any mission set and can easily be extended and adjusted based on a different baseline set of solar array design parameters. C1 [Hausgen, Paul E.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Carpenter, Bernie] Aerosp Corp, Space Innovat Directorate, 2155 Louisiana St NE, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Hausgen, PE (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP PY 2015 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1388 EP 1394 DI 10.2514/1.A33324 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CS1RM UT WOS:000361845400011 ER PT J AU Wiebe, R Stanciulescu, I AF Wiebe, Richard Stanciulescu, Ilinca TI Inconsistent Stability of Newmark's Method in Structural Dynamics Applications SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND NONLINEAR DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB The stability of numerical time integrators, and of the physical systems to which they are applied, are normally studied independently. This conceals a very interesting phenomenon, here termed inconsistent stability, wherein a numerical time marching scheme predicts a stable response about an equilibrium configuration that is, in fact, unstable. In this paper, time integrator parameters leading to possible inconsistent stability are first found analytically for conservative systems (symmetric tangent stiffness matrices), then several structural arches with increasing complexity are used as numerical case studies. The intention of this work is to highlight the potential for this unexpected, and mostly unknown, behavior to researchers studying complex dynamical systems, especially through time marching of finite element models. To allow for direct interpretation of our results, the work is focused on the Newmark time integrator, which is commonly used in structural dynamics. C1 [Wiebe, Richard] Air Force Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stanciulescu, Ilinca] Rice Univ, Ryon Lab 208, MS 318,6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Stanciulescu, I (reprint author), Rice Univ, Ryon Lab 208, MS 318,6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM rwiebe@co.uw.edu; ilinca.s@rice.edu FU Universal Technology Corporation (UTC) [FA8650-10-D-3037]; High Performance Technologies, Inc. (HPTI) PETTT Grant [BY13-020SP] FX The authors acknowledge the support of Universal Technology Corporation (UTC) Contract No. FA8650-10-D-3037, and High Performance Technologies, Inc. (HPTI) PETTT Grant No. BY13-020SP. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1555-1423 EI 1555-1415 J9 J COMPUT NONLIN DYN JI J. Comput. Nonlinear Dyn. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 10 IS 5 AR 051006 DI 10.1115/1.4028221 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA DC2TW UT WOS:000369070700007 ER PT J AU Ree, MJ Carretta, TR Teachout, MS AF Ree, Malcolm James Carretta, Thomas R. Teachout, Mark S. TI Pervasiveness of Dominant General Factors in Organizational Measurement SO INDUSTRIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-PERSPECTIVES ON SCIENCE AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE general factors; dominant general factors ID CONFIRMATORY FACTOR-ANALYSIS; OFFICER QUALIFYING TEST; CORE SELF-EVALUATIONS; EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; INCREMENTAL VALIDITY; JOB-PERFORMANCE; FORMING IMPRESSIONS; COGNITIVE-ABILITY; SCALE DEVELOPMENT AB General factors are found in the measurement of many human traits. The concept of dominant general factors (DGFs) is introduced to represent the magnitude of general factors within numerous content domains. DGFs are defined as coming from the largest sources of reliable variance and influencing every variable measuring the construct. Although these factors are most frequently found in measures of cognitive ability, they are not limited to cognitive abilities. Examples are provided for a variety of construct and content domains along with estimates of their DGF percentages, ranging from 38% to 92%. Several reasons for these results are offered, and a call for concerted research is made. Research that ignores DGFs by treating specific factors or constructs within a domain as if they were distinct and uncorrelated can lead to errors in interpretation. C1 [Ree, Malcolm James] Our Lady Lake Univ, Sch Business & Leadership, Dept Leadership Studies, San Antonio, TX 78207 USA. [Carretta, Thomas R.] Air Force Res Lab, Warfighter Interface Div, Supervisory Control & Cognit Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Teachout, Mark S.] Univ Incarnate Word, HEB Sch Business & Adm, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Ree, MJ (reprint author), Our Lady Lake Univ, Sch Business & Leadership, 411 Southwest 24th St, San Antonio, TX 78207 USA. EM malcolmree@att.net NR 85 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1754-9426 EI 1754-9434 J9 IND ORGAN PSYCHOL-US JI Ind. Organ. Psychol. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 8 IS 3 BP 409 EP 427 DI 10.1017/iop.2015.16 PG 19 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA DB2MP UT WOS:000368343300018 ER PT J AU Thompson, ER Iyer, N Simpson, BD Wakefield, GH Kieras, DE Brungart, DS AF Thompson, Eric R. Iyer, Nandini Simpson, Brian D. Wakefield, Gregory H. Kieras, David E. Brungart, Douglas S. TI Enhancing listener strategies using a payoff matrix in speech-on-speech masking experiments SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACROSS-EAR INTERFERENCE; INFORMATIONAL MASKING; SIMULTANEOUS TALKERS; PERCEPTION; TASK; SIMILARITY; CORPUS; NOISE AB Speech recognition was measured as a function of the target-to-masker ratio (TMR) with syntactically similar speech maskers. In the first experiment, listeners were instructed to report keywords from the target sentence. Data averaged across listeners showed a plateau in performance below 0 dB TMR when masker and target sentences were from the same talker. In this experiment, some listeners tended to report the target words at all TMRs in accordance with the instructions, while others reported keywords from the louder of the sentences, contrary to the instructions. In the second experiment, stimuli were the same as in the first experiment, but listeners were also instructed to avoid reporting the masker keywords, and a payoff matrix penalizing masker keywords and rewarding target keywords was used. In this experiment, listeners reduced the number of reported masker keywords, and increased the number of reported target keywords overall, and the average data showed a local minimum at 0 dB TMR with same-talker maskers. The best overall performance with a same-talker masker was obtained with a level difference of 9 dB, where listeners achieved near perfect performance when the target was louder, and at least 80% correct performance when the target was the quieter of the two sentences. C1 [Thompson, Eric R.; Iyer, Nandini; Simpson, Brian D.] Air Force Res Lab, Battlespace Acoust Branch, 2610 Seventh St B441, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wakefield, Gregory H.; Kieras, David E.] Univ Michigan, Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Brungart, Douglas S.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Thompson, ER (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Battlespace Acoust Branch, 2610 Seventh St B441, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM eric.thompson.28@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Sponsored Research (AFOSR); Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-13-1-0358] FX This research was supported by grants from the Air Force Office of Sponsored Research (AFOSR) (N.I. and B.D.S.) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR) (Grant No. N00014-13-1-0358) (G.H.W. and D.E.K.). NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 138 IS 3 BP 1297 EP 1304 DI 10.1121/1.4928395 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA DB6RX UT WOS:000368643800036 PM 26428768 ER PT J AU Suthersan, S Carroll, P Schnobrich, M Horst, J Potter, S Peters, L AF Suthersan, Suthan Carroll, Paul Schnobrich, Matthew Horst, John Potter, Scott Peters, Lynden TI Cleaning Up a 3-Mile-Long Groundwater Plume: It Can Be Done SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article C1 [Suthersan, Suthan] ARCADIS NA, Newtown, PA 18940 USA. [Carroll, Paul] US Air Force, Civil Engn Ctr, BRAC Execut, Washington, DC USA. [Schnobrich, Matthew] ARCADIS US, Houston, TX USA. [Schnobrich, Matthew] Remediat Co, Golden, CO USA. [Horst, John] ARCADIS NA, Tech Serv, Newtown, PA 18940 USA. [Potter, Scott] ARCADIS US Inc, Newtown, PA 18940 USA. RP Suthersan, S (reprint author), ARCADIS NA, 10 Friends Lane,Suite 200, Newtown, PA 18940 USA. EM suthan.suthersan@arcadis-us.com; paul.car-roll.1@us.af.mil; matthew.schnobrich@arcadis-us.com; john.horst@arcadis-us.com; scott.potter@arcadis-us.com; lynden.peters@arcadis-us.com NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1069-3629 EI 1745-6592 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD FAL PY 2015 VL 35 IS 4 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1111/gwmr.12139 PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA DA3BK UT WOS:000367670700016 ER PT J AU Coletta, D AF Coletta, Damon TI US Presidents and the Militarization of Space, 1946-1967 SO JOURNAL OF COLD WAR STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Coletta, Damon] US Air Force Acad, Eisenhower Ctr Space & Def Studies, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Coletta, D (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Eisenhower Ctr Space & Def Studies, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA ONE ROGERS ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1209 USA SN 1520-3972 EI 1531-3298 J9 J COLD WAR STUD JI J. Cold War Stud. PD FAL PY 2015 VL 17 IS 4 BP 184 EP 186 PG 3 WC History; International Relations; Political Science SC History; International Relations; Government & Law GA DA3UY UT WOS:000367725900013 ER PT J AU Hu, X Wan, H Patnaik, SS AF Hu, Xin Wan, Hui Patnaik, Soumya S. TI Numerical modeling of heat transfer in open-cell micro-foam with phase change material SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Phase change material; Micro-foam structure; Direct numerical simulations; Volume-averaged simulations ID EFFECTIVE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; POROSITY METAL FOAMS; POROUS-MEDIA; CARBON FOAMS; NATURAL-CONVECTION; ENERGY STORAGE; ALUMINUM FOAMS; INTERNAL FINS; SINKS; SIMULATION AB The heat transfer behavior of micro-foam impregnated with phase change material (PCM) was investigated. Both microscopic and macroscopic modeling approaches were considered. An open-cell PCM/micro-foam structure under constant heat flux was modeled using an ideal micro-foam structure based on a cubic unit cell with spherical micro-pores arranged in a BCC lattice. Results from direct numerical simulations (DNS) which take into account the intricate foam geometry were compared with those from one- and two-temperature volume-averaged simulations. The enthalpy-porosity method was used for phase change and conjugated heat transfer was applied at the PCM/micro-foam interface. The DNS simulations provided insight into the complicated heat transfer and a three-dimensional PCM melting front and temperature distribution was observed. Along with serving as a benchmark for the less computationally expensive volume average methods, the DNS results were also used to extract thermo-physical parameters such as effective thermal conductivity and interstitial heat transfer coefficients. These coefficients were subsequently used in the volume averaged simulations. The choice of the effective thermal conductivity of the PCM/micro-foam structure was found to be crucial in matching the temperature profile and liquid PCM volume fraction results from volume averaged simulations and DNS. Effective thermal conductivity values based on the nonlinear Progelhoff model with power factor derived from DNS were found to provide an improvement over the more widely used value based on the arithmetic mean. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hu, Xin; Wan, Hui] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Hu, Xin; Wan, Hui; Patnaik, Soumya S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mech & Thermal Syst Branch, Power & Control Div,Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Patnaik, SS (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mech & Thermal Syst Branch, Power & Control Div,Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM soumya.patnaik.1@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research Thermal Science Program; Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Center FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Thermal Science Program and the Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Center for computing time and resources. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 EI 1879-2189 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 88 BP 617 EP 626 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.04.044 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA CW2DZ UT WOS:000364802600062 ER PT J AU Blasch, E Kostek, P Paces, P Kramer, K AF Blasch, Erik Kostek, Paul Paces, Pavel Kramer, Kathleen TI Summary of Avionics Technologies SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTION C1 [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Kostek, Paul] Air Direct Solut, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Paces, Pavel] Czech Tech Univ, Tech 2, Prague 16627 6, Czech Republic. [Kramer, Kathleen] Univ San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM erik.blasch@gmail.com; p.kostek@ieee.org; pacesp@fel.cvut.cz; kramer@sandiego.edu NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8985 EI 1557-959X J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 30 IS 9 BP 6 EP 11 DI 10.1109/MAES.2015.150012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CW5OI UT WOS:000365045300002 ER PT J AU Leuchter, J Stekly, V Blasch, E AF Leuchter, Jan Stekly, Vitezslav Blasch, Erik TI Investigation of Avionics Power Switch Loading Versus Aircraft Electromagnetic Compatibility SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID CONVERTERS; DESIGN C1 [Leuchter, Jan; Stekly, Vitezslav] Univ Def, Brno 66210, Czech Republic. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Leuchter, J (reprint author), Univ Def, Dept Elect Engn, Kounicova 65, Brno 66210, Czech Republic. EM Erik.Blasch@gmail.com NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8985 EI 1557-959X J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 30 IS 9 BP 24 EP 34 DI 10.1109/MAES.2015.140224 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CW5OI UT WOS:000365045300004 ER PT J AU Macdonald, PA AF Macdonald, Paul A., Jr. TI Hell, the Problem of Evil, and the Perfection of the Universe SO AMERICAN CATHOLIC PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID GOD AB In this article, I address the question why God would create a world with damned human beings in it when (presumably) he could create a better world without damned human beings. Specifically, I explain and defend what I call the "perfection of the universe argument." According to this argument, which is Augustinian and Thomistic in origin, it is entirely and equally consistent with divine goodness for God to create a world with damned human beings in it or a damnation-free world so long as God ensures that each world is good as a whole. I then respond to two different objections to this argument. Finally, I show how the perfection of the universe argument leaves room for hoping that we live in a world in which no human being is damned and God affords every human being a life that is good as a whole. C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Macdonald, PA (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CATHOLIC PHILOSOPHICAL ASSOC PI BRONX PA C/O FORDHAM UNIV, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 1051-3558 EI 2153-8441 J9 AM CATH PHILOS QUART JI Am. Cath. Philos. Q. PD FAL PY 2015 VL 89 IS 4 BP 603 EP 628 DI 10.5840/acpq20159465 PG 26 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA CV9IL UT WOS:000364600800003 ER PT J AU Beltran, SDT Cutchin, S White, S AF Beltran, Samuel D. Tun Cutchin, S. White, S. TI A New Look at Type-III Bursts and Their Use as Coronal Diagnostics SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Corona, radio emission; Radio bursts, dynamic spectrum; Radio bursts, type III; Waves, plasma ID SOLAR RADIO-BURSTS; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; ELECTRON; TEMPERATURES; BEAMS AB We present meter-wave solar radio spectra of the highest spectro-temporal resolution achieved to date. The observations, obtained with the first station of the Long Wavelength Array (LWA1), show unprecedented detail of solar emissions across a wide bandwidth during a Type-III/IIIb storm. Our flux calibration demonstrates that the LWA1 can detect Type-III bursts much weaker than 1 SFU, much lower than previous observations, and that the distribution of fluxes in these bursts varies with frequency. The high sensitivity and low noise in the data provide strong constraints to models of this type of plasma emission, providing evidence against the idea that Type-IIIb striae are generated from electrons trapped in Langmuir-wave sidebands. The continuous generation of electron beams in the corona revealed by the high density Type-III storm is evidence for ubiquitous magnetic reconnection in the lower corona. Such an abundance of reconnection events not only contributes to the total coronal energy budget, but also provides an engine by which to form the populations of seed particles responsible for proton-rich solar energetic-particle events. An active region (AR) with such levels of reconnection and the accompanying Type-III/IIIb storms is proposed here to be associated with an increase of SEP production if a CME erupts. The data's constraints on existing theories of Type-IIIb production are used to make an association of the observed Type-IIIb storm to specific electron-beam paths with increased inhomogeneities in density, temperature, and/or turbulence. This scenario ties in the observed timing of Type-III and -IIIb storms, constrained theories of Type-III and -IIIb emission, and the ability of the emitting AR to produce a strong SEP event. The result requires but a single observable to cement these ideas, the statistical correlation of Type-III/IIIb activity with SEP-productive AR. C1 [Beltran, Samuel D. Tun; Cutchin, S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [White, S.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Div, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Beltran, SDT (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Samuel.TunBeltran@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-C-0147]; National Science Foundation [AST-1139963, AST-1139974] FX S. Tun Beltran would like to thank A. Vourlidas and M. Laming for critical discussions of the work, and further express gratitude to the National Academies of Science. The bulk of this work was carried out while he was a National Research Council Fellow at the Naval Research Laboratory. The work was finalized under NRL's Karles Fellowship. Many thanks as well to the LWA1 team, who greatly facilitated the hosting and processing of data for this work. Construction of LWA1 was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-07-C-0147. Support for operations and continuing development of LWA1 is provided by the National Science Foundation under grants AST-1139963 and AST-1139974 of the University Radio Observatories program. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 290 IS 9 BP 2423 EP 2437 DI 10.1007/s11207-015-0760-6 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CU7MX UT WOS:000363725300004 ER PT J AU Laws, KJ Miracle, DB Ferry, M AF Laws, K. J. Miracle, D. B. Ferry, M. TI A predictive structural model for bulk metallic glasses SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FORMING ABILITY; THERMAL-STABILITY; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; ATOMIC PACKING; VOLUME CHANGE; ZR; LIQUIDS; SYSTEMS; DENSITY; ORDER AB Great progress has been made in understanding the atomic structure of metallic glasses, but there is still no clear connection between atomic structure and glass-forming ability. Here we give new insights into perhaps the most important question in the field of amorphous metals: how can glass-forming ability be predicted from atomic structure? We give a new approach to modelling metallic glass atomic structures by solving three long-standing problems: we discover a new family of structural defects that discourage glass formation; we impose efficient local packing around all atoms simultaneously; and we enforce structural self-consistency. Fewer than a dozen binary structures satisfy these constraints, but extra degrees of freedom in structures with three or more different atom sizes significantly expand the number of relatively stable, 'bulk' metallic glasses. The present work gives a new approach towards achieving the long-sought goal of a predictive capability for bulk metallic glasses. C1 [Laws, K. J.; Ferry, M.] UNSW Australia, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Miracle, D. B.] Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Miracle, DB (reprint author), Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, 2230 Tenth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.miracle@us.af.mil FU Australian Research Council FX We thank O.N. Senkov for critical comments on this manuscript. We also acknowledge the contributions of K. Shamlaye in assisting with supporting data in Supplementary Information and reviewing the manuscript. K.J.L. would like to thank the Australian Research Council for the funding of this and associated projects. NR 60 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 21 U2 86 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 6 AR 8123 DI 10.1038/ncomms9123 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CT6UZ UT WOS:000362949200001 PM 26370667 ER PT J AU Potyrailo, RA Bonam, RK Hartley, JG Starkey, TA Vukusic, P Vasudev, M Bunning, T Naik, RR Tang, ZX Palacios, MA Larsen, M Le Tarte, LA Grande, JC Zhong, S Deng, T AF Potyrailo, Radislav A. Bonam, Ravi K. Hartley, John G. Starkey, Timothy A. Vukusic, Peter Vasudev, Milana Bunning, Timothy Naik, Rajesh R. Tang, Zhexiong Palacios, Manuel A. Larsen, Michael Le Tarte, Laurie A. Grande, James C. Zhong, Sheng Deng, Tao TI Towards outperforming conventional sensor arrays with fabricated individual photonic vapour sensors inspired by Morpho butterflies SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; OPTOELECTRONIC NOSE; CHEMICAL SENSORS; SILICON FILMS; BRAGG MIRRORS; CRYSTALS; DESIGN; DIFFRACTION; SCALES; COLOR AB Combining vapour sensors into arrays is an accepted compromise to mitigate poor selectivity of conventional sensors. Here we show individual nanofabricated sensors that not only selectively detect separate vapours in pristine conditions but also quantify these vapours in mixtures, and when blended with a variable moisture background. Our sensor design is inspired by the iridescent nanostructure and gradient surface chemistry of Morpho butterflies and involves physical and chemical design criteria. The physical design involves optical interference and diffraction on the fabricated periodic nanostructures and uses optical loss in the nanostructure to enhance the spectral diversity of reflectance. The chemical design uses spatially controlled nanostructure functionalization. Thus, while quantitation of analytes in the presence of variable backgrounds is challenging for most sensor arrays, we achieve this goal using individual multivariable sensors. These colorimetric sensors can be tuned for numerous vapour sensing scenarios in confined areas or as individual nodes for distributed monitoring. C1 [Potyrailo, Radislav A.; Tang, Zhexiong; Palacios, Manuel A.; Larsen, Michael; Le Tarte, Laurie A.; Grande, James C.; Zhong, Sheng; Deng, Tao] Gen Elect Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. [Bonam, Ravi K.; Hartley, John G.] SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Starkey, Timothy A.; Vukusic, Peter] Univ Exeter, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Vasudev, Milana; Bunning, Timothy; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vasudev, Milana] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Bioengn, Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [Deng, Tao] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Met Matrix Composites, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. RP Potyrailo, RA (reprint author), Gen Elect Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. EM Potyrailo@ge.com FU DARPA 'Bio Inspired Photonics' [W911NF-10-C-0069]; General Electric's Advanced Technology research funds FX We would like to acknowledge H. Ghiradella (University at Albany), M. Blohm and S. Duclos (GE) and V. Greanya, J. Abo-Shaeer, C. Nehl and M. Sandrock (DARPA) for fruitful discussions. This work has been supported in part from DARPA contract W911NF-10-C-0069 'Bio Inspired Photonics' and from General Electric's Advanced Technology research funds. The content of the information does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the US Government. NR 62 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 29 U2 86 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 6 AR 7959 DI 10.1038/ncomms8959 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CT5MP UT WOS:000362854800001 PM 26324320 ER PT J AU Mirau, P Farmer, BL Pandey, RB AF Mirau, Peter Farmer, B. L. Pandey, R. B. TI Structural variation of alpha-synuclein with temperature by a coarse-grained approach with knowledge-based interactions SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; N-TERMINAL ACETYLATION; MONTE-CARLO; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; FORCE-FIELD; A-SYNUCLEIN; WILD-TYPE; PROTEIN; POTENTIALS; PEPTIDE AB Despite enormous efforts, our understanding the structure and dynamics of alpha-synuclein (ASN), a disordered protein (that plays a key role in neurodegenerative disease) is far from complete. In order to better understand sequence-structure-property relationships in alpha-SYNUCLEIN we have developed a coarse-grained model using knowledge-based residue-residue interactions and used it to study the structure of free ASN as a function of temperature (T) with a large-scale Monte Carlo simulation. Snapshots of the simulation and contour contact maps show changes in structure formation due to self-assembly as a function of temperature. Variations in the residue mobility profiles reveal clear distinction among three segments along the protein sequence. The N-terminal (1-60) and C-terminal (96-140) regions contain the least mobile residues, which are separated by the higher mobility non-amyloid component (NAC) (61-95). Our analysis of the intra-protein contact profile shows a higher frequency of residue aggregation (clumping) in the N-terminal region relative to that in the C-terminal region, with little or no aggregation in the NAC region. The radius of gyration (R-g) of ASN decays monotonically with decreasing the temperature, consistent with the finding of Allison et al. (JACS, 2009). Our analysis of the structure function provides an insight into the mass (N) distribution of ASN, and the dimensionality (D) of the structure as a function of temperature. We find that the globular structure with D approximate to 3 at low T, a random coil, D approximate to 2 at high T and in between (2 <= D <= 3) at the intermediate temperatures. The magnitudes of D are in agreement with experimental estimates (J. Biological Chem 2002). (C) 2015 Author(s). C1 [Mirau, Peter; Farmer, B. L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pandey, R. B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Mirau, P (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory. We thank Diana Lovejoy for reading the manuscript and corrections. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 5 IS 9 AR 092504 DI 10.1063/1.4927544 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CT1MI UT WOS:000362562100007 ER PT J AU Mitchel, WC Elhamri, S Haugan, HJ Berney, R Mou, S Brown, GJ AF Mitchel, W. C. Elhamri, S. Haugan, H. J. Berney, R. Mou, Shin Brown, G. J. TI Electrical properties of n-type GaSb substrates and p-type GaSb buffer layers for InAs/InGaSb superlattice infrared detectors SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; MIDINFRARED DETECTORS; II SUPERLATTICES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; PARAMETERS; HALL; BAND AB Lightly doped n-type GaSb substrates with p-type GaSb buffer layers are the preferred templates for growth of InAs/InGaSb superlattices used in infrared detector applications because of relatively high infrared transmission and a close lattice match to the superlattices. We report here temperature dependent resistivity and Hall effect measurements of bare substrates and substrate-p-type buffer layer structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Multicarrier analysis of the resistivity and Hall coefficient data demonstrate that high temperature transport in the substrates is due to conduction in both the high mobility zone center G band and the low mobility off-center L band. High overall mobility values indicate the absence of close compensation and that improved infrared and transport properties were achieved by a reduction in intrinsic acceptor concentration. Standard transport measurements of the undoped buffer layers show p-type conduction up to 300 K indicating electrical isolation of the buffer layer from the lightly n-type GaSb substrate. However, the highest temperature data indicate the early stages of the expected p to n type conversion which leads to apparent anomalously high carrier concentrations and lower than expected mobilities. Data at 77 K indicate very high quality buffer layers. (C) 2015 Author(s). C1 [Mitchel, W. C.; Haugan, H. J.; Mou, Shin; Brown, G. J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Elhamri, S.; Berney, R.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Mitchel, WC (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM William.Mitchel.1@us.af.mil FU Air Force [FA8650-07-D-5800] FX We would like to thank S. Bowers and G. Landis for providing technical assistance with the MBE system and sample fabrication. The Air Force supported this work through contract FA8650-07-D-5800 for H. H. and S. E. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 5 IS 9 AR 097219 DI 10.1063/1.4932208 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CT1MI UT WOS:000362562100107 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Farmer, BL Gerstman, BS AF Pandey, R. B. Farmer, B. L. Gerstman, Bernard S. TI Self-assembly dynamics for the transition of a globular aggregate to a fibril network of lysozyme proteins via a coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulation SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID POTENTIALS; INSTABILITY; PACKING AB The self-organizing dynamics of lysozymes (an amyloid protein with 148 residues) with different numbers of protein chains, Nc = 1,5,10, and 15 (concentration 0.004 - 0.063) is studied by a coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulation with knowledge-based residue-residue interactions. The dynamics of an isolated lysozyme (Nc = 1) is ultra-slow (quasi-static) at low temperatures and becomes diffusive asymptotically on raising the temperature. In contrast, the presence of interacting proteins leads to concentration induced protein diffusion at low temperatures and concentration-tempering sub-diffusion at high temperatures. Variation of the radius of gyration of the protein with temperature shows a systematic transition from a globular structure (at low T) to a random coil (high T) conformation when the proteins are isolated. The crossover from globular to random coil becomes sharper upon increasing the protein concentration (i.e. with Nc = 5,10), with larger R-g at higher temperatures and concentration; R-g becomes smaller on adding more protein chains (e.g. Nc = 15) a non-monotonic response to protein concentration. Analysis of the structure factor (S(q)) provides an estimate of the effective dimension (D >= 3, globular conformation at low temperature, and D similar to 1.7, random coil, at high temperatures) of the isolated protein. With many interacting proteins, the morphology of the self-assembly varies with scale, i.e. at the low temperature (T = 0.015), D similar to 2.9 on the scale comparable to the radius of gyration of the protein, and D similar to 2.3 at the large scale over the entire sample. The global network of fibrils appears at high temperature (T = 0.021) with D similar to 1.7 (i.e. a random coil morphology at large scale) involving tenuous distribution of micro-globules (at small scales). (C) 2015 Author(s). C1 [Pandey, R. B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Farmer, B. L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Farmer, B. L.] N Carolina State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Gerstman, Bernard S.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 5 IS 9 AR 092502 DI 10.1063/1.4921074 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CT1MI UT WOS:000362562100005 ER PT J AU Yukon, SP Malomed, BA AF Yukon, Stanford P. Malomed, Boris A. TI Fluxons in a triangular set of coupled long Josephson junctions SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINE-GORDON EQUATION; FRENKEL-KONTOROVA MODEL; CHERENKOV RADIATION; BUNCHED FLUXONS; DYNAMICS; SOLITONS; OSCILLATORS; STABILITY; VORTICES; SYSTEM AB We report results of an analysis of the dynamics of magnetic flux solitons in the system of three long Josephson junctions between three bulk superconductors that form a prism. The system is modeled by coupled sine-Gordon equations for the phases of the junctions. The Aharonov-Bohm constraint takes into account the axial magnetic flux enclosed by the prism and reduces the system from three independent phases to two. The equations of motion for the phases include dissipative terms, and a control parameter delta which accounts for the deviation of the enclosed flux from half a quantum. Analyzing the effective potential of the coupled equations, we identify different species of topological and non-topological phase solitons (fluxons) in this system. In particular, subkinks with fractional topological charges +/-1/3 and +/-2/3, confined inside integer-charge fluxons, may be mapped onto the root diagrams for mesons and baryons in the original quark model of hadrons. Solutions for straight-line kinks and for two types of non-topological solitons are obtained in an explicit analytical form. Numerical tests demonstrate that the former species is unstable against breakup into pairs of separating single-fluxon kinks. The non-topological kinks feature metastability, eventually breaking up into fluxon-antifluxon pairs. Free fractional-fluxon kinks, that connect different potential minima and are, accordingly, pulled by the potential difference, are also considered. Using the momentum-balance method, we predict the velocity at which these kinks should move in the presence of the dissipation. Numerical tests demonstrate that the analysis predicts the velocity quite closely. Higher-energy static solutions for all of the stable kink types mentioned above, as well as kinks connecting false vacua, are found by means of the shooting method. Inelastic collisions among the stable fractional and single-fluxon kinks are investigated numerically. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Yukon, Stanford P.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Malomed, Boris A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Dept Phys Elect, Fac Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Yukon, SP (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM yukon@alum.mit.edu FU AFOSR; EOARD (US Air Force) FX We would like to thank Professor Jianke Yang for helpful discussions and for providing the initial studies on kink collision dynamics. The work was carried out with partial support from AFOSR and EOARD (US Air Force). NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 EI 1089-7658 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 56 IS 9 AR 091509 DI 10.1063/1.4928927 PG 26 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA CT1OT UT WOS:000362569200009 ER PT J AU Enloe, CL Amatucci, WE McHarg, MG Balthazor, RL AF Enloe, C. L. Amatucci, W. E. McHarg, M. G. Balthazor, R. L. TI Screens versus microarrays for ruggedized retarding potential analyzers SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ION; TEMPERATURE; ERRORS AB An array of highly miniaturized electrostatic lenses is shown to be a viable replacement for meshes or screens in a retarding potential analyzer (RPA) where mechanical ruggedness or the ability to intercept large currents of energetic particles is desirable. Data from a prototype device are presented cross-calibrated with a traditional planar RPA indicating how the so-called microarray configuration avoids energy-dependent transparency (either reduced or enhanced) associated with meshes or screens while providing accurate energy analysis with reasonable energy resolution. In contrast, another ruggedized configuration employing a screen is presented, showing the severity of energy-dependent enhanced transparency, verified by numerical simulation. C1 [Enloe, C. L.; McHarg, M. G.; Balthazor, R. L.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Amatucci, W. E.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Enloe, CL (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. OI Balthazor, Richard/0000-0002-4568-7446 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 86 IS 9 AR 093302 DI 10.1063/1.4929532 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CT1PX UT WOS:000362573300014 PM 26429435 ER PT J AU Shade, PA Blank, B Schuren, JC Turner, TJ Kenesei, P Goetze, K Suter, RM Bernier, JV Li, SF Lind, J Lienert, U Almer, J AF Shade, Paul A. Blank, Basil Schuren, Jay C. Turner, Todd J. Kenesei, Peter Goetze, Kurt Suter, Robert M. Bernier, Joel V. Li, Shiu Fai Lind, Jonathan Lienert, Ulrich Almer, Jonathan TI A rotational and axial motion system load frame insert for in situ high energy x-ray studies SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; DIFFRACTION MICROSCOPY; TOMOGRAPHIC MICROSCOPY; POLYCRYSTALLINE COPPER; STRUCTURAL-MATERIALS; SINGLE-GRAIN; 3 DIMENSIONS; DEFORMATION; ORIENTATION; SIMULATIONS AB High energy x-ray characterization methods hold great potential for gaining insight into the behavior of materials and providing comparison datasets for the validation and development of mesoscale modeling tools. A suite of techniques have been developed by the x-ray community for characterizing the 3D structure and micromechanical state of polycrystalline materials; however, combining these techniques with in situ mechanical testing under well characterized and controlled boundary conditions has been challenging due to experimental design requirements, which demand new high-precision hardware as well as access to high-energy x-ray beamlines. We describe the design and performance of a load frame insert with a rotational and axial motion system that has been developed to meet these requirements. An example dataset from a deforming titanium alloy demonstrates the new capability. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Shade, Paul A.; Schuren, Jay C.; Turner, Todd J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Blank, Basil] PulseRay, Beaver Dams, NY 14812 USA. [Kenesei, Peter; Goetze, Kurt; Lienert, Ulrich; Almer, Jonathan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Suter, Robert M.; Lind, Jonathan] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Bernier, Joel V.; Li, Shiu Fai; Lind, Jonathan] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Engn Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shade, PA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM paul.shade.1@us.af.mil RI Shade, Paul/H-6459-2011; Suter, Robert/P-2541-2014 OI Suter, Robert/0000-0002-0651-0437 FU Materials & Manufacturing Directorate of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory; U.S. DOE [DEAC02-06CH11357] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Adam Pilchak (Air Force Research Laboratory) for providing the Ti-7Al material examined in this study, Dr. Chris Woodward (Air Force Research Laboratory) for help securing the computational resources required for the data reduction, Ali Mashayekhi (Advanced Photon Source) and Erika Benda (Advanced Photon Source) for help with the experimental setup, and Dr. Dennis Dimiduk (Air Force Research laboratory) and Professor Matthew Miller (Cornell University) for useful discussions. The authors acknowledge support from the Materials & Manufacturing Directorate of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DEAC02-06CH11357. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 86 IS 9 AR 093902 DI 10.1063/1.4927855 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CT1PX UT WOS:000362573300031 PM 26429452 ER PT J AU Adams, SF Wu, Y Zhang, ZL AF Adams, Steven F. Wu, Yue Zhang, Zhili TI Oxygen Rotational Temperature Determination Using Empirical Analyses of C-3 Pi(v '=2) <- X-3 Sigma(v ''=0) Transitions SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Temperature; Spectrum analysis; Multiphoton; Ionization; resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization; REMPI ID ENHANCED MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; MICROWAVE-SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; PRESSURE; MOLECULES; FLOWS; REMPI; FLAME; CARS; AIR AB The spectra of molecular oxygen through C-3 Pi(v' =2)<- X-3 Sigma(v"= 0) transitions have been obtained by coherent microwave Rayleigh scattering (radar) from resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI). Measurements of rotational temperatures of molecular oxygen have been demonstrated based on the empirical analyses of the O-2 spectra without the requirement of highly resolved rotational features. Three methods, including (1) linewidth fitting, (2) linear fitting, and (3) area fitting have been investigated for temperature measurements within pure oxygen, ambient air, and H-2-air and CH4-air flame environments. The first two methods were applied in a moderately low temperature environment with measurement uncertainties less than 11% and 26%, respectively. The area fitting method covered a wider temperature range, from room temperature (similar to 300 K) to flame temperature (similar to 1700 K), with minimal dependence on the fine structures of the O-2 spectra. Less elaborate than Boltzmann plot analyses of ultrafine rotational lines from congested upper rotational energy levels in O-2(C-3 Pi(v' = 2)), these empirical analyses are predictably sensitive to the thermal distribution of molecular oxygen and have been successfully demonstrated as simple and quick methods for remote gas-phase temperature measurement. C1 [Adams, Steven F.] Wright Patterson AFB, Air Force Res Lab AFRL RQQE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wu, Yue; Zhang, Zhili] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Zhang, ZL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM zzhang24@utk.edu FU NSF [CBET-1032523]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work is being supported by NSF CBET-1032523, Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 10 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 EI 1943-3530 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 69 IS 9 BP 1036 EP 1041 DI 10.1366/14-07772 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA CS2VE UT WOS:000361929300005 PM 26414523 ER PT J AU Perry, LD AF Perry, Lori Davis TI Elizabeth Rowe and the Development of the English Novel SO EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FICTION LA English DT Book Review C1 [Perry, Lori Davis] US Air Force Acad, Dept English & Fine Arts, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Perry, LD (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept English & Fine Arts, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0840-6286 EI 1911-0243 J9 EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY F JI Eighteenth-Century Fict. PD FAL PY 2015 VL 28 IS 1 BP 192 EP 194 DI 10.3138/ecf.2015.28.1.192 PG 3 WC Literature SC Literature GA CS4JP UT WOS:000362042400015 ER PT J AU Ghrist, ML Fornberg, B Reeger, JA AF Ghrist, Michelle L. Fornberg, Bengt Reeger, Jonah A. TI Stability ordinates of Adams predictor-corrector methods SO BIT NUMERICAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Adams methods; Predictor-corrector; Imaginary stability boundary; Linear multistep methods; Finite difference methods; Stability region; Stability ordinate AB How far the stability domain of a numerical method for approximating solutions to differential equations extends along the imaginary axis indicates how useful the method is for approximating solutions to wave equations; this maximum extent is termed the imaginary stability boundary, also known as the stability ordinate. It has previously been shown that exactly half of Adams-Bashforth (AB), Adams-Moulton (AM), and staggered Adams-Bashforth methods have nonzero stability ordinates. In this paper, we consider two categories of Adams predictor-corrector methods and prove that they follow a similar pattern. In particular, if is the order of the method, AB-AM methods have nonzero stability ordinate only for , and AB(1)-AM methods have nonzero stability ordinates only for p = 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, ... , and AB(p-1)-AMp methods have nonzero stability ordinates only for p = 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, ... . C1 [Ghrist, Michelle L.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Fornberg, Bengt] Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Reeger, Jonah A.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ghrist, ML (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Math Sci, 2354 Fairchild,Suite 6D2, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM michelle.ghrist@usafa.edu; fornberg@colorado.edu; jonah.reeger@afit.edu FU United States Air Force; NSF [DMS-0914647] FX Support for M. Ghrist and J. Reeger provided by the United States Air Force. Support for B. Fornberg provided by NSF DMS-0914647. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3835 EI 1572-9125 J9 BIT JI Bit PD SEP PY 2015 VL 55 IS 3 BP 733 EP 750 DI 10.1007/s10543-014-0528-7 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA CS1IS UT WOS:000361818100006 ER PT J AU Ware, TH Perry, ZP Middleton, CM Iacono, ST White, TJ AF Ware, Taylor H. Perry, Zachary P. Middleton, Claire M. Iacono, Scott T. White, Timothy J. TI Programmable Liquid Crystal Elastomers Prepared by Thiol-Ene Photopolymerization SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLICK CHEMISTRY; SHAPE-MEMORY; ACTUATION; ACRYLATE AB The spontaneous conversion of a flat film into a 3-D shape requires local programming of the mechanical response. Historically, the ability to locally program the mechanical response of high strain (>30%) liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) has been limited to magnetic or mechanical alignment techniques, which limits spatial resolution. Recently, we reported on the preparation of LCEs capable of 55% strain with spatial control of the mechanical response at scales as small as 0.01 mm(2). Here, we report a distinct formulation strategy to realize programmable stimulus-response in LCEs. Photopolymerization of thiol-ene/acrylate formulations yields materials that exhibit large reversible strain up to 150%. The photopolymerization reaction is extremely rapid, reducing preparation time from days to minutes. The mechanical behavior of these materials can be tuned by varying cross-link density. Spatial and hierarchical programming of the director profile is demonstrated, enabling 3-D shape change, including twisting ribbons and localized Gaussian curvature. C1 [Ware, Taylor H.; Perry, Zachary P.; Middleton, Claire M.; White, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ware, Taylor H.; Middleton, Claire M.] Azimuth Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Perry, Zachary P.; Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Perry, Zachary P.; Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.white.24@us.af.mil OI Ware, Taylor/0000-0001-7996-7393 FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate and the Office of Scientific Research of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX T.H.W., C.M.M., and T.J.W. would like to acknowledge funding from the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate and the Office of Scientific Research of the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 15 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 4 IS 9 BP 942 EP 946 DI 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00511 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CR5ZX UT WOS:000361424000016 ER PT J AU Travis, WJ Heyman, RE Slep, AMS AF Travis, Wendy J. Heyman, Richard E. Slep, Amy M. Smith TI Fighting the battle on the home front: Prevention and intervention of child maltreatment for the military family SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE child maltreatment; military; Air Force; active duty; prevention; intervention ID DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; RELIABILITY; PARENTS C1 [Travis, Wendy J.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Heyman, Richard E.; Slep, Amy M. Smith] NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Travis, WJ (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6L-145, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM wendy.travis@usafa.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 EI 1873-7757 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 47 BP 114 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.05.015 PG 10 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA CR5WO UT WOS:000361415300011 PM 26051785 ER PT J AU Barton, DA Beecken, BP Hoglund, RM AF Barton, David A. Beecken, Brian P. Hoglund, Robert M. TI Determination of Energy and Charge Deposition Profiles in Elemental Slabs From an Isotropically Equivalent Electron Source Using Monte Carlo Simulations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference CY JUN 23-27, 2014 CL Pasadena, CA DE Charge deposition; energy deposition; isotropic electron incidence; Monte Carlo simulations ID OBLIQUE-INCIDENCE; ALGORITHM; BACKSCATTERING; COEFFICIENT; ABSORBERS AB Monte Carlo simulations using the MCNP5 transport code have been made for electrons with 10.0 keV to 5.0 MeV kinetic energies incident on thick slabs of elemental materials with atomic numbers in the range 6-79. An electron point source near the surface of the target slab was used to simulate isotropic incidence, allowing for the inclusion of backscatter and secondary-electron emissions in the simulation. Thus, the results should be uniquely useful for the modeling of deep-dielectric charging in spacecraft over a large range of energies and materials. Due to the minimum electron energy cutoff of MCNP5, accuracy of the simulations decreases at the lowest incident energies. A path has been identified for developing an algorithm that can quickly reproduce and interpolate between the Monte Carlo results for both incident energies and target materials in the ranges studied. Such an algorithm should prove useful to modelers of deep-dielectric charging in realistic spacecraft environments. C1 [Barton, David A.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Beecken, Brian P.; Hoglund, Robert M.] Bethel Univ, Dept Phys, St Paul, MN 55112 USA. RP Barton, DA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM david.barton.14@us.af.mil; beebri@bethel.edu; robbie_hoglund@baylor.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 43 IS 9 SI SI BP 2861 EP 2868 DI 10.1109/TPS.2015.2461543 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CR3FE UT WOS:000361215200013 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, R Ferguson, D Patton, J Wheelock, AT Young, JA Crofton, MW Prebola, JL Crider, DH Likar, JJ Schneider, TA Vaughn, JA Bodeau, JM Noushkam, N Vayner, BV Hoang, B AF Hoffmann, Ryan Ferguson, Dale Patton, James Wheelock, Adrian T. Young, Jason A. Crofton, Mark W. Prebola, John L. Crider, Dustin H. Likar, Justin J. Schneider, Todd A. Vaughn, Jason A. Bodeau, J. Michale Noushkam, Nikki Vayner, Boris V. Hoang, Bao TI AFRL Round-Robin Test Results on Plasma Propagation Velocity SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference CY JUN 23-27, 2014 CL Pasadena, CA DE Dielectric; discharge; flashover; spacecraft charging ID SOLAR-ARRAY; FLASHOVER; EXPANSION AB The speed plasma propagates across a charged solar panel after a primary arc is one of the most important, yet poorly known, quantities in determining Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) currents for spacecraft arcing events. A review of the literature over the last two decades reveals that measured propagation velocity varies by as much as an order of magnitude. To overcome this deficiency, a round-robin set of tests was initiated with partners from industry, academia, NASA and the U.S. Air Force. This paper will provide the most recent results from the Air Force Research Laboratory testing conducted at the Spacecraft Charging and Instrument Calibration Laboratory. C1 [Hoffmann, Ryan; Ferguson, Dale; Patton, James; Wheelock, Adrian T.] Air Force Res Lab, Spacecraft Charging & Instrument Calibrat Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Young, Jason A.; Crofton, Mark W.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Prebola, John L.; Crider, Dustin H.] Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold Afb, TN 37389 USA. [Likar, Justin J.] UTC Aerosp Syst, Charlotte, NC 28217 USA. [Schneider, Todd A.; Vaughn, Jason A.] NASA, Marshal Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Bodeau, J. Michale] Northrop Grumman, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Noushkam, Nikki] Orbital Sci, Chandler, AZ 85248 USA. [Vayner, Boris V.] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. [Hoang, Bao] Space Syst Loral, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. RP Hoffmann, R (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Spacecraft Charging & Instrument Calibrat Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM ryan.hoffmann@us.af.mil; dale.ferguson@us.af.mil; james.patton@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory. (Corresponding author: Ryan Hoffmann.) NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 43 IS 9 SI SI BP 3006 EP 3013 DI 10.1109/TPS.2015.2465865 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CR3FE UT WOS:000361215200031 ER PT J AU Ferguson, DC Katz, I AF Ferguson, Dale C. Katz, Ira TI The Worst Case GEO Environment and the Frequency of Arcs in GEO SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference CY JUN 23-27, 2014 CL Pasadena, CA DE GEO; plasmas; spacecraft charging; worst cases AB Proper spacecraft design and testing depend on a knowledge of the worst case environment and the number of arcs to be endured during the spacecraft lifetime. In this paper, we define the criteria to be used to specify the worst case geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) charging environment (plasma density and temperature), including the physical constraints on particle and magnetic field energy densities and the relative importance of frame charging and differential charging. A previous estimate of the frequency of arcing (found in the literature and incorporated into an International Standards Organization standard) and the consequent total number of arcs to be encountered in a GEO satellite lifetime are found to be incorrect because they were based on environmental measurements using a faulty algorithm to determine spacecraft charging and plasma density. Using more accurate estimates of the frequency of GEO plasma densities and temperatures, we arrive at a much lower estimate of the total number of arcs during a GEO satellite lifetime. Finally, the worst case GEO charging environment seen to date is determined from Nascap-2k simulations. Our estimates of worst case charging environments and arc frequencies may be more confidently used by GEO spacecraft designers and test engineers. C1 [Ferguson, Dale C.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Katz, Ira] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Ferguson, DC (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM dale.ferguson@kirtland.af.mil; ira.katz@jpl.nasa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 43 IS 9 SI SI BP 3021 EP 3026 DI 10.1109/TPS.2015.2432718 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CR3FE UT WOS:000361215200033 ER PT J AU Ferguson, DC Worden, SP Hastings, DE AF Ferguson, Dale C. Worden, Simon Peter Hastings, Daniel E. TI The Space Weather Threat to Situational Awareness, Communications, and Positioning Systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference CY JUN 23-27, 2014 CL Pasadena, CA DE Communications; positioning systems; situational awareness; space weather AB A recent space weather headline has cast doubt in the minds of some as to whether space weather is the source of spacecraft anomalies, and thus, whether it is important in the design and operation of critical situational awareness, communications, and positioning systems. In this paper, we reiterate the evidence for the importance of space weather, its role in producing spacecraft and ground anomalies, and the threat it poses to critical systems. In addition, we report new studies broken down by anomaly types and suggest the sources of the anomalies (surface charging or interior charging). Finally, we suggest spacecraft charging and ground effects mitigation strategies for design and operations of systems critical to our modern civilization. C1 [Ferguson, Dale C.] US Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland Air Force Base, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87116 USA. [Worden, Simon Peter] US Air Force Space & Missile Syst Ctr, Los Angeles AFB, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Hastings, Daniel E.] US Air Force, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Ferguson, DC (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland Air Force Base, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87116 USA. EM dale.ferguson@kirtland.af.mil; simon.p.worden@nasa.gov; daniel.hastings@mit.edu NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 43 IS 9 SI SI BP 3086 EP 3098 DI 10.1109/TPS.2015.2412775 PN 1 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CR3FE UT WOS:000361215200041 ER PT J AU Musinski, WD McDowell, DL AF Musinski, William D. McDowell, David L. TI On the eigenstrain application of shot-peened residual stresses within a crystal plasticity framework: Application to Ni-base superalloy specimens SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Crystal plasticity; Ni-base superalloys; IN100; Residual stresses; Eigenstrain ID FATIGUE-CRACK INITIATION; POLYCRYSTALLINE MICRO STRUCTURES; FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE; AISI 4140 STEEL; INVERSE APPROACH; PEENING PROCESS; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; CYCLE FATIGUE; AUTOMATED-ANALYSIS; PART 1 AB Shot-peening-induced compressive residual stresses are often introduced in Ni-base superalloy components to help prevent or retard surface fatigue crack initiation and early growth at near surface inclusions. In certain cases these compressive residual stresses can shift the fatigue crack initiation site from surface to sub-surface locations. However, the ability to computationally predict the improvement in fatigue life response and scatter due to induced compressive residual stresses are lightly treated in the literature. To address this issue, a method to incorporate shot-peened residual stresses within a 3D polycrystalline microstructure is introduced in this work. These residual stresses are induced by a distribution of fictitious or quasi-thermal expansion eigenstrain as a function of depth from the specimen surface. Two different material models are used, a 12 plasticity and a crystal plasticity model. First, the J(2) plasticity model with combined isotropic and kinematic hardening is used to determine the distribution of quasi-thermal expansion eigenstrain as a function of depth from the surface necessary to induce the target residual stress profile within the microstructure. This distribution of quasi-thermal expansion eigenstrain is then used within a crystal plasticity framework to model the effect of microstructure heterogeneity on the variability in residual stresses among multiple instantiations. This model is verified with experimental X-ray diffraction (XRD) data for scatter in residual stresses for both the initial microstructure and after a single load/unload cycle. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Musinski, William D.] US Air Force, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Musinski, William D.; McDowell, David L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [McDowell, David L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Musinski, WD (reprint author), US Air Force, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM william.musinski.1@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory, United States [FA8650-09-2-5800]; Southwestern Ohio Council for Higher Education FX WDM is thankful for funding from the Air Force Research Laboratory, United States under contract FA8650-09-2-5800 with the Southwestern Ohio Council for Higher Education. WDM would also like to acknowledge helpful technical discussions with Dennis Buchanan, Reji John, and Andy Rosenberger regarding this work. DLM is grateful for the support of the Carter N. Paden, Jr. Distinguished Chair in Metals Processing. NR 98 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7403 EI 1879-2162 J9 INT J MECH SCI JI Int. J. Mech. Sci. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 100 BP 195 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2015.06.020 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA CR3WQ UT WOS:000361264200017 ER PT J AU Fager, H Howe, BM Greczynski, G Jensen, J Mei, AB Lu, J Hultman, L Greene, JE Petrov, I AF Fager, Hanna Howe, Brandon M. Greczynski, Grzegorz Jensen, Jens Mei, A. B. Lu, Jun Hultman, Lars Greene, J. E. Petrov, Ivan TI Novel hard, tough HfAlSiN multilayers, defined by alternating Si bond structure, deposited using modulated high-flux, low-energy ion irradiation of the growing film SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID MAGNETRON-SPUTTER-DEPOSITION; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; INTERFACIAL REACTION PATHWAYS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; ELASTIC-MODULUS; THIN-FILMS; GROWTH AB Hf1-x-yAlxSiyN (0 <= x <= 0.14, 0 <= y <= 0.12) single layer and multilayer films are grown on Si(001) at 250 degrees C using ultrahigh vacuum magnetically unbalanced reactive magnetron sputtering from a single Hf0.6Al0.2Si0.2 target in mixed 5%-N-2/Ar atmospheres at a total pressure of 20 mTorr (2.67 Pa). The composition and nanostructure of Hf1-x-yAlxSiyN films are controlled by varying the energy Ei of the ions incident at the film growth surface while maintaining the ion-to-metal flux ratio constant at eight. Switching E-i between 10 and 40 eV allows the growth of Hf0.78Al0.10Si0.12N/Hf0.78Al0.14Si0.08N multilayers with similar layer compositions, but in which the Si bonding state changes from predominantly Si-Si/Si-Hf for films grown with E-i = 10 eV, to primarily Si-N with E-i = 40 eV. Multilayer hardness values, which vary inversely with bilayer period Lambda, range from 20 GPa with Lambda = 20 nm to 27 GPa with Lambda = 2 nm, while fracture toughness increases directly with Lambda. Multilayers with Lambda = 10nm combine relatively high hardness, H similar to 24GPa, with good fracture toughness. (C) 2015 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Fager, Hanna; Greczynski, Grzegorz; Jensen, Jens; Lu, Jun; Hultman, Lars; Greene, J. E.; Petrov, Ivan] Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Biol IFM, Thin Film Phys Div, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. [Howe, Brandon M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mei, A. B.; Greene, J. E.; Petrov, Ivan] Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Mei, A. B.; Greene, J. E.; Petrov, Ivan] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Fager, H (reprint author), Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Biol IFM, Thin Film Phys Div, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. EM hanfa@ifm.liu.se RI Lu, Jun/K-3321-2015 OI Lu, Jun/0000-0003-2754-6962 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER46453, DE-FG02-07ER46471]; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research project Designed Multicomponent Coatings, MultiFil; U.S. Department of Defense Science, Mathematics, and Research for Transformation program; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area Grant (SFO MAT-LiU) on Advanced Functional Materials; Swedish Research Council (VR) [2009-00971] FX This work was carried out in part in the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory Central Facilities, Center for Microanalysis of Materials, University of Illinois, which is partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46453 and DE-FG02-07ER46471. H.F. gratefully acknowledges the support of the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research project Designed Multicomponent Coatings, MultiFil B.M.H. gratefully acknowledges the support of the U.S. Department of Defense Science, Mathematics, and Research for Transformation program. H.F., A.B.M., B.M.H., L.H., I.P., and J.E.G. also acknowledge support from Swedish Government Strategic Research Area Grant (SFO MAT-LiU) on Advanced Functional Materials, and the Swedish Research Council (VR), Grant No. 2009-00971. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 12 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD SEP PY 2015 VL 33 IS 5 AR 05E103 DI 10.1116/1.4920980 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA CR3JP UT WOS:000361229000003 ER PT J AU Hussain, SM Warheit, DB Ng, SP Comfort, KK Grabinski, CM Braydich-Stolle, LK AF Hussain, Saber M. Warheit, David B. Ng, Sheung P. Comfort, Kristen K. Grabinski, Christin M. Braydich-Stolle, Laura K. TI At the Crossroads of Nanotoxicology in vitro: Past Achievements and Current Challenges SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE nanotoxicology; characterization; physicochemical parameters; safety regulation; Dosimetry; in vitro models ID IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; LOW-SOLUBILITY PARTICLES; AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; CARBON NANOTUBES; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PROTEIN CORONA AB The exponential growth in the employment of nanomaterials (NMs) has given rise to the field of nanotoxicology; which evaluates the safety of engineered NMs. Initial nanotoxicological studies were limited by a lack of both available materials and accurate biodispersion characterization tools. However, the years that followed were marked by the development of enhanced synthesis techniques and characterization technologies; which are now standard practice for nanotoxicological evaluation. Paralleling advances in characterization, significant progress was made in correlating specific physical parameters, such as size, morphology, or coating, to resultant physiological responses. Although great strides have been made to advance the field, nanotoxicology is currently at a crossroads and faces a number of obstacles and technical limitations not associated with traditional toxicology. Some of the most pressing and influential challenges include establishing full characterization requirements, standardization of dosimetry, evaluating kinetic rates of ionic dissolution, improving in vitro to in vivo predictive efficiencies, and establishing safety exposure limits. This Review will discuss both the progress and future directions of nanotoxicology: highlighting key previous research successes and exploring challenges plaguing the field today. C1 [Hussain, Saber M.; Grabinski, Christin M.; Braydich-Stolle, Laura K.] Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Mol Bioeffects Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Warheit, David B.; Ng, Sheung P.] DuPont Haskell Global Ctr Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE 19714 USA. [Comfort, Kristen K.] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH USA. RP Hussain, SM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Mol Bioeffects Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM saber.hussain@us.af.mil FU American Society for Engineering Education; Henry M. Jackson Foundation; Oakridge Institute for Science Education FX K. K. C. was funded in part from a Summer Faculty Fellowship sponsored by the American Society for Engineering Education. L. K. B.-S. was supported by the Henry M. Jackson Foundation and C. M. G. by the Oakridge Institute for Science Education. NR 120 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 37 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 147 IS 1 BP 5 EP 16 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfv106 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA CR4QQ UT WOS:000361322000002 PM 26310852 ER PT J AU Claus, BJ Nie, X Martin, BE Chen, W AF Claus, B. J. Nie, X. Martin, B. E. Chen, W. TI A Side-Impact Torsion Kolsky Bar Development of Interfaces and a Pulse-Shaping Technique SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Torsion; Kolsky Bar; Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar; Pulse Shaping; Side Impact; Friction ID HOPKINSON-BAR; APPARATUS AB A novel variant of the torsion Kolsky bar which utilizes a side-impact mechanism to achieve a more tractable torsional pulse-shaping technique has been developed. Integration of components from the well-established compression Kolsky bar experimental technique with the torsion Kolsky bar method allows conventional compression techniques to be applied to a torsion experiment. Typical considerations involving striker length, striker velocity, and pulse-shaper geometry, which are used to generate a desired waveform in a compression bar, can be directly applied to the side-impact torsion technique to control pulse length, rotational velocity, and waveform profile. The results from experiments show that the apparatus successfully generates torsional waveforms using conventional pulse shaping techniques. C1 [Claus, B. J.; Chen, W.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Nie, X.] Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Martin, B. E.] US Air Force Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Purdue Univ, 701 W Stadium Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM benclaus@purdue.edu; Xu.Nie@unt.edu; bradley.martin.11@us.af.mil; wchen@purdue.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8651-13-2-0005]; Purdue University [FA8651-13-2-0005] FX This research was supported by a cooperative agreement between Air Force Research Laboratory and Purdue University (FA8651-13-2-0005). NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 EI 1741-2765 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 55 IS 7 BP 1367 EP 1374 DI 10.1007/s11340-015-0032-2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA CR2EK UT WOS:000361138000014 ER PT J AU Greenlee, ET Funke, GJ Warm, JS Finomore, VS Patterson, RE Barnes, LE Funke, ME Vidulich, MA AF Greenlee, Eric T. Funke, Gregory J. Warm, Joel S. Finomore, Victor S., Jr. Patterson, Robert E. Barnes, Laura E. Funke, Matthew E. Vidulich, Michael A. TI Effects of Stereoscopic Depth on Vigilance Performance and Cerebral Hemodynamics SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article DE vigilance; stereopsis; depth perception; neuroimaging; simulator sickness; stress ID SUSTAINED ATTENTION; STEREOPSIS; STRESS; DISPLAYS; DISPARITY; TASK; DECREMENT; FRAMEWORK; WORKLOAD; SEARCH AB Objective: We tested the possibility that monitoring a display wherein critical signals for detection were defined by a stereoscopic three-dimensional (3-D) image might be more resistant to the vigilance decrement, and to temporal declines in cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV), than monitoring a display featuring a customary two-dimensional (2-D) image. Background: Hancock has asserted that vigilance studies typically employ stimuli for detection that do not exemplify those that occur in the natural world. As a result, human performance is suboptimal. From this perspective, tasks that better approximate perception in natural environments should enhance performance efficiency. To test that possibility, we made use of stereopsis, an important means by which observers interact with their everyday surroundings. Method: Observers monitored a circular display in which a vertical line was embedded. Critical signals for detection in a 2-D condition were instances in which the line was rotated clockwise from vertical. In a 3-D condition, critical signals were cases in which the line appeared to move outward toward the observer. Results: The overall level of signal detection and the stability of detection over time were greater when observers monitored for 3-D changes in target depth compared to 2-D changes in target orientation. However, the 3-D display did not retard the temporal decline in CBFV. Conclusion: These results provide the initial demonstration that 3-D displays can enhance performance in vigilance tasks. Application: The use of 3-D displays may be productive in augmenting system reliability when operator vigilance is vital. C1 [Greenlee, Eric T.] Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. [Funke, Gregory J.; Finomore, Victor S., Jr.; Patterson, Robert E.; Barnes, Laura E.; Vidulich, Michael A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Warm, Joel S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Human Factors Grp, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Funke, Matthew E.] Naval Med Res Unit, Dayton, OH USA. RP Funke, GJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 2510 Fifth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Gregory.Funke.1@us.af.mil NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 EI 1547-8181 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD SEP PY 2015 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1063 EP 1075 DI 10.1177/0018720815572468 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA CQ9AZ UT WOS:000360904300011 PM 25850115 ER PT J AU Shelhamer, MC Rowan, MP Cancio, LC Aden, JK Rhie, RY Merrill, GA Wolf, SE Renz, EM Chung, KK AF Shelhamer, Mehdi C. Rowan, Matthew P. Cancio, Leopoldo C. Aden, James K. Rhie, Ryan Y. Merrill, Gerald A. Wolf, Steven E. Renz, Evan M. Chung, Kevin K. TI Recent trends in hospitalization and in-hospital mortality associated with traumatic brain injury in Canada: A nationwide, population-based study SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND ACUTE CARE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; FREQUENCY PERCUSSIVE VENTILATION; INHALATION INJURY; PREDICTIVE-VALUE; TIDAL VOLUMES; BURN PATIENT; PNEUMONIA; TIME; STRATEGIES; BIOMARKERS C1 [Shelhamer, Mehdi C.] Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, US Air Force, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Rowan, Matthew P.; Cancio, Leopoldo C.; Aden, James K.; Rhie, Ryan Y.; Merrill, Gerald A.; Renz, Evan M.; Chung, Kevin K.] US Army, Inst Surg Res, Jbsa Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Cancio, Leopoldo C.; Chung, Kevin K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Wolf, Steven E.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Renz, Evan M.; Chung, Kevin K.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Rowan, MP (reprint author), 3698 Chambers Pass, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. EM matthew.p.rowan.vol@mail.mil FU Percussionaire, Inc. FX This research was supported in part by an appointment (M.P.R.) to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program and an appointment (L.C.C.) to the Knowledge Preservation Program at the US Army Institute of Surgical Research administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and USAMRMC. L.C.C. received funding for travel expenses from Percussionaire, Inc., to speak at the Bird Institute, Sandpoint, Idaho, in 2013. The authors have no other conflicts of interest to declare. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 2163-0755 EI 2163-0763 J9 J TRAUMA ACUTE CARE JI J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 79 IS 3 BP 431 EP 436 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA CQ4JV UT WOS:000360571900018 PM 26307877 ER PT J AU Merg, AD Slocik, J Blaber, MG Schatz, GC Naik, R Rosi, NL AF Merg, Andrea D. Slocik, Joseph Blaber, Martin G. Schatz, George C. Naik, Rajesh Rosi, Nathaniel L. TI Adjusting the Metrics of 1-D Helical Gold Nanoparticle Superstructures Using Multivalent Peptide Conjugates SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID PLASMONIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; METAL NANOPARTICLES; INORGANIC MATERIALS; OPTICAL-ACTIVITY; DNA ORIGAMI; ASSEMBLIES; CHIRALITY; BINDING; NANOSTRUCTURES AB The properties of nanoparticle superstructures depend on many factors, including the structural metrics of the nanoparticle superstructure (particle diameter, interparticle distances, etc.). Here, we introduce a family of gold-binding peptide conjugate molecules that can direct nanoparticle assembly, and we describe how these molecules can be systematically modified to adjust the structural metrics of linear double-helical nanoparticle superstructures. Twelve new peptide conjugates are prepared via linking a gold-binding peptide, AYSSGAPPMPPF (PEPAu), to a hydrophobic aliphatic tail. The peptide conjugates have 1, 2, or 3 PEPAu headgroups and a C-12, C-14, C-16, or C-18 aliphatic tail. The soft assembly of these peptide conjugates was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Several peptide conjugates assemble into 1-D twisted fibers having measurable structural parameters such as fiber width, thickness, and pitch that can be systematically varied by adjusting the aliphatic tail length and number of peptide headgroups. The linear soft assemblies serve as structural scaffolds for arranging gold nanoparticles into double-helical superstructures, which are examined via TEM. The pitch and intelparticle distances of the gold nanoparticle double helices correspond to the underlying metrics of the peptide conjugate soft assemblies, illustrating that designed peptide conjugate molecules can be used to not only direct the assembly of gold nanoparticles but also control the metrics of the assembled structure. C1 [Merg, Andrea D.; Rosi, Nathaniel L.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Slocik, Joseph; Naik, Rajesh] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Blaber, Martin G.; Schatz, George C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Rosi, NL (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, 219 Parkman Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM nrosi@pitt.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0954380]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-11-1-0275] FX We are grateful for financial support from the National Science Foundation (DMR-0954380, N.L.R.) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-11-1-0275, N.L.R. and G.C.S.). R.RN. also acknowledges support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 22 U2 68 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 31 IS 34 BP 9492 EP 9501 DI 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02208 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CQ7HG UT WOS:000360773000026 PM 26262910 ER PT J AU Cleary, JW Nader, N Leedy, KD Soref, R AF Cleary, Justin W. Nader, Nima Leedy, Kevin D. Soref, Richard TI Tunable short-to mid-infrared perfectly absorbing thin films utilizing conductive zinc oxide on metal SO OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION AB A simple thin-film perfect absorber structure is shown that can achieve greater than 99.9% absorption and is tunable throughout the short-wave and mid-wave infrared. This is attained by use of the tunable mobility and carrier concentration, which in turn tunes the complex refractive indices, of a gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) thin film, and by choice of the GZO film thickness. The structure takes advantage of a metal substrate with large k, i.e. is opaque, with silver shown to be one suitable choice. The metal layer supporting GZO can be deposited on any practical substrate. An experimental deposited GZO film underwent subsequent etch steps and demonstrated 99% absorption at a wavelength of 2.1 mu m. Finally, designs are shown that enable near perfect absorption in the range of 1.5-4.7 mu m, with similar structures also likely possible extending beyond this wavelength range by further tailoring the GZO optical parameters and layer thickness. The presented structure, which is polarization insensitive at normal and near-normal incidence, has potential applications in reflection band filters, infrared scene generators, photodetectors and photovoltaics. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Cleary, Justin W.; Nader, Nima; Leedy, Kevin D.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nader, Nima] Solid State Sci Corp, Nashua, NH 03060 USA. [Soref, Richard] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RP Cleary, JW (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Justin.Cleary.1@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; AFOSR [9550-10-1-0417] FX This work is supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research. J.W.C and N.N. acknowledges AFOSR LRIR No. 12RY10COR (Program Officer Dr. Gernot Pomrenke), and R. S. acknowledges AFOSR Grant Number 9550-10-1-0417. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 33 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2159-3930 J9 OPT MATER EXPRESS JI Opt. Mater. Express PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 5 IS 9 BP 1898 EP 1909 DI 10.1364/OME.5.001898 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA CQ7UO UT WOS:000360810500001 ER PT J AU Lukowski, M Hessenius, C Bedford, R Fallahi, M AF Lukowski, Michal Hessenius, Chris Bedford, Robert Fallahi, Mahmoud TI Tunable type II intracavity difference frequency generation at 5.4 mu m in a two chip vertical external cavity surface emitting laser SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report on the generation and experimental demonstration of intracavity type II difference frequency generation in a two chip InGaAs/GaAs vertical external cavity surface emitting laser. The presented two chip cavity provides two orthogonally polarized, independently tunable, high-intensity lasing modes with emissions around 970 and 1170 nm. A silver thiogallate nonlinear crystal is inserted in the common collinear folded region of the cavity to generate output in the mid-IR spectral band. The independent tunability of each fundamental color allows for more than 100 nm of tuning around a 5.4 mu m difference frequency generated signal with a CW output power in excess of 5 mW. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Lukowski, Michal; Hessenius, Chris; Fallahi, Mahmoud] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bedford, Robert] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lukowski, M (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, 1630 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mlukowski@optics.arizona.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ECCS-1303476] FX National Science Foundation (NSF) (ECCS-1303476). NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 17 BP 4174 EP 4177 DI 10.1364/OL.40.004174 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA CQ7UM UT WOS:000360810200064 PM 26368740 ER PT J AU Haugan, T AF Haugan, Timothy TI Viewpoint on fast track communication by V Selvamanickam et al: Critical current density above 15MA cm(-2) at 30K, 3T in 2.2 mu m thick heavily-doped (Gd,Y)Ba2Cu3Ox superconductor tapes SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haugan, T (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 28 IS 9 AR 090502 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/28/9/090502 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CQ9NU UT WOS:000360942700002 ER PT J AU DeCerbo, JN Bray, KR Merrett, JN AF DeCerbo, J. N. Bray, K. R. Merrett, J. N. TI Analysis of multilayered, nitrogen-doped aluminum oxide and hafnium oxide dielectric films for wide-temperature capacitor applications SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Wide temperature; Capacitor; Dielectric; Hafnium oxide; Aluminum oxide ID GATE DIELECTRICS; BAND ALIGNMENT AB Capacitors with stable dielectric properties across a wide temperature range are a vital component in many power conditioning applications. High breakdown strength and low loss are also important for many applications. In this study, the dielectric properties of multilayer nitrogen-doped aluminum oxide and hafnium oxide films were characterized, comparing their properties to single layer films. The films were found to be stable from -50 to 200 degrees C and from 20 Hz to 1 MHz. An order of magnitude decrease in leakage current was observed for the bilayer films. Breakdown strength for the multilayer films increased up to 75%. This concurs with the hypothesis that the addition of dielectric interfaces provides area to trap and dissipate runaway charge moving through the dielectric, thus lowering leakage current and increasing the breakdown strength. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [DeCerbo, J. N.; Merrett, J. N.] US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bray, K. R.] UES Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. RP DeCerbo, JN (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, 2130 Eighth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jennifer.decerbo@us.af.mil FU US Air Force Research Laboratory, Aerospace Systems Directorate FX The authors would like to thank the US Air Force Research Laboratory, Aerospace Systems Directorate for funding this research. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 590 BP 71 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2015.07.047 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA CR1BG UT WOS:000361057100012 ER PT J AU Murphy, NR Sun, LR Jones, JG Grant, JT AF Murphy, Neil R. Sun, Lirong Jones, John G. Grant, John T. TI Hybrid co-deposition of mixed-valent molybdenum-germanium oxides (MoxGeyOz): A route to tunable optical transmission SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Magnetron sputtering; Ellipsometry; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Mixed oxides; Germanium oxide; Molybdenum oxide; Thin film; Optical characterization ID LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; REACTIVE SPUTTERING PROCESSES; THIN-FILMS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; METAL-OXIDES; ELECTROCHROMIC PROPERTIES; LASER DEPOSITION; ALLOY TARGET; GEOX FILMS; MOO2 AB Mixed-valent oxides of molybdenum and germanium were deposited simultaneously using reactive magnetron co-deposition within an oxygen-argon environment. The films' stoichiometry, optical, and physical properties were varied through changes in oxygen partial pressure induced by systematic variation of the potential applied to the molybdenum cathode. The oxygen partial pressure was determined from the drop in pressure as measured by a capacitance manometer, assuming constant argon partial pressure. To facilitate deposition, a constant power of 100 W DC was applied to the germanium cathode, while power was applied to the molybdenum target using a modulated pulse power supply. Modulated pulse power magnetron sputtering was used due to its ability to generate high target power densities, allowing for rapid reduction of oxygen on the surface of the "oxygen poisoned" molybdenum cathode, as well as for its highly metallic plasma resulting in increased oxygen-gettering capability. Changes in the modulated pulse power supply's capacitor bank voltage load, stepped from settings of 300 to 380 V, resulted in films ranging from mixtures of transparent GeO2 (Ge4+) and MoO3 (Mo6+) to the introduction of various absorptive ionic species including Mo5+, Mo4+, Ge2+ and Ge-0, as determined from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The presence of each of the aforementioned ions results in characteristic changes in the films' band energies and optical absorption. As deposited MoxGeyOz thin films grown using this method have been shown to have optical gap energies that are able to be tailored between 3.57 eV and 0.18 eV, spanning useful ranges for devices operating in the visible and near-infrared. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Murphy, Neil R.; Jones, John G.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Sun, Lirong; Grant, John T.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Murphy, NR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3500 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM neil.murphy.1@us.af.mil; lirong.sun.2.ctr@us.af.mil; John.jones.66@us.af.mil; john.grant.5.ctr@us.af.mil OI Jones, John/0000-0001-8271-0038; Grant, John/0000-0001-5243-4095 NR 94 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 590 BP 248 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2015.08.005 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA CR1BG UT WOS:000361057100038 ER PT J AU Petri, BG Fucik, R Illangasekare, TH Smits, KM Christ, JA Sakaki, T Sauck, CC AF Petri, Benjamin G. Fucik, Radek Illangasekare, Tissa H. Smits, Kathleen M. Christ, John A. Sakaki, Toshihiro Sauck, Carolyn C. TI Effect of NAPL Source Morphology on Mass Transfer in the Vadose Zone SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID NONAQUEOUS-PHASE LIQUID; UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; SOIL VAPOR EXTRACTION; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AIR-FLOW RATE; WATER-CONTENT; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; HYDROCARBON MIXTURES; FIELD EXPERIMENT; RESIDUAL NAPL AB The generation of vapor-phase contaminant plumes within the vadose zone is of interest for contaminated site management. Therefore, it is important to understand vapor sources such as non-aqueous-phase liquids (NAPLs) and processes that govern their volatilization. The distribution of NAPL, gas, and water phases within a source zone is expected to influence the rate of volatilization. However, the effect of this distribution morphology on volatilization has not been thoroughly quantified. Because field quantification of NAPL volatilization is often infeasible, a controlled laboratory experiment was conducted in a two-dimensional tank (28 cm x 15.5 cm x 2.5 cm) with water-wet sandy media and an emplaced trichloroethylene (TCE) source. The source was emplaced in two configurations to represent morphologies encountered in field settings: (1) NAPL pools directly exposed to the air phase and (2) NAPLs trapped in water-saturated zones that were occluded from the air phase. Airflow was passed through the tank and effluent concentrations of TCE were quantified. Models were used to analyze results, which indicated that mass transfer from directly exposed NAPL was fast and controlled by advective-dispersive-diffusive transport in the gas phase. However, sources occluded by pore water showed strong rate limitations and slower effective mass transfer. This difference is explained by diffusional resistance within the aqueous phase. Results demonstrate that vapor generation rates from a NAPL source will be influenced by the soil water content distribution within the source. The implications of the NAPL morphology on volatilization in the context of a dynamic water table or climate are discussed. C1 [Petri, Benjamin G.; Illangasekare, Tissa H.; Smits, Kathleen M.; Sakaki, Toshihiro; Sauck, Carolyn C.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Fucik, Radek] Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn, CR-11519 Prague, Czech Republic. [Christ, John A.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Petri, BG (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM bpetri@mymail.mines.edu FU Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports Project [KONTAKT II LH14003]; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [ER-1687] FX The authors thank the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program Grant ER-1687: Vapor Intrusion from Entrapped NAPL Sources and Groundwater Plumes: Process Understanding and Improved Modeling Tools for Pathway Assessment and Numerical Methods for Multiphase Flow, and also the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports Project KONTAKT II LH14003: Development and Validation of Porous Media Fluid Dynamics and Phase Transitions Models for Subsurface Environmental Application for providing funding for this research. The authors also thank Dr. Michal Benes of Czech Technical University for his gracious review and suggestions on the project. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD SEP-OCT PY 2015 VL 53 IS 5 BP 685 EP 698 DI 10.1111/gwat.12284 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA CQ7BP UT WOS:000360758100004 PM 25535651 ER PT J AU Chatfield, JA Dewell, R Miranda, AJ Wilcox, S Vannieuwenhoven, J AF Chatfield, Jenifer A. Dewell, Renee Miranda, Astrid J. Wilcox, Stefania Vannieuwenhoven, J. TI On-site veterinary medical evaluation and care of working dogs and horses at the 2012 Republican National Convention SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SEPTEMBER-11 AB Objective-To describe on-site veterinary medical care for working dogs and horses deployed for the 2012 Republican National Convention (RNC) in Tampa, Fla, August 24 to 30, 2012. Design-Retrospective case series. Sample-130 dogs and 45 horses. Procedures-Data collected included breed, age, history, task assignment, reason for evaluation, and physical examination findings. A patient encounter report was recorded each time an animal was seen by veterinary staff for a physical evaluation. Results-46 of the 130 (35%) dogs and all 45 (100%) horses underwent at least 1 on-site veterinary evaluation, for a total of 478 patient encounters. The most common reason for an on-site veterinary evaluation was a wellness check (446 patient encounters). On the basis of veterinary recommendations, 1 dog and 4 horses were removed from continued service for the duration of the event. In addition, 1 dog and 1 horse were removed from active service for 12 to 24 hours but allowed to return to service for the duration of the event following a veterinary reevaluation. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results suggested that working dogs and horses deployed for large planned events face different health concerns, compared with concerns previously reported for animals deployed following disasters. Pre-event planning and training of handlers and riders may have helped reduce the number of health concerns, particularly health concerns related to high heat. C1 [Chatfield, Jenifer A.; Dewell, Renee; Vannieuwenhoven, J.] Natl Vet Response Team, Washington, DC 20201 USA. [Miranda, Astrid J.] MacDill AFB Vet Serv, Macdill Afb, FL 33621 USA. [Wilcox, Stefania] 463rd Med Detachment Vet Serv Support, Ft Benning, GA 31905 USA. RP Chatfield, JA (reprint author), Natl Vet Response Team, 330 Independence Ave SW,G-644, Washington, DC 20201 USA. EM jen_chatfield@hotmail.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 EI 1943-569X J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 247 IS 5 BP 539 EP 541 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA CP4ME UT WOS:000359855400038 PM 26295561 ER PT J AU Buentello-Hernandez, RG Palazotto, A AF Buentello-Hernandez, Rodolfo G. Palazotto, Anthony TI Development of a Model Considering High-Speed Sliding Wear SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Wear; High velocity; Finite element; Viscoplasticity; Damage; Asperity AB Wear is defined as "the removal of material volume through some mechanical process between two surfaces." This paper focuses on the steps necessary to evaluate wear due to dry sliding between two surfaces at high velocity. Currently, there is a need to identify and compare materials that can endure sliding wear under severe conditions such as high velocities. The high costs associated with the field experimentation of systems subject to high-speed sliding have prevented the collection of the necessary data required to characterize this phenomenon. Simulating wear through finite elements (FEs) would enable its prediction and would reduce experimentation. In the aerospace, automotive, and weapon industries, such a model can aid in material selection, design, and/or testing of systems subjected to wear. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Buentello-Hernandez, Rodolfo G.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Palazotto, Anthony] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Aerosp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Palazotto, A (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Aerosp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM palazotto@sbcglobal.net NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 16 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 EI 1943-5525 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 28 IS 5 AR 04014140 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000455 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA CP5PP UT WOS:000359936100025 ER PT J AU Paul, S Harris, PG Sharma, AK Ray, AK AF Paul, Sharmistha Harris, Paul G. Sharma, Ashwani K. Ray, Asim K. TI Study of dielectric relaxation processes in printable zinc oxide films on transparent substrates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; THIN-FILMS; TEMPERATURE; IMPEDANCE; ELECTROLYTES; SPECTROSCOPY AB AC impedance spectroscopic measurements have been performed on sol-gel derived zinc oxide (ZnO) films on transparent fluorine-doped tin oxide coated glass substrates in the frequency range 10(-2) to 10(6) Hz over the temperature range -185 to +25 A degrees C (88-298 K). The relaxation behaviour of the nanocrystal line ZnO thin film can be described in terms of the Debye model giving an interpretation of the semi-circular relaxation phenomenon within the given temperature range. Two different relaxation times were obtained from impedance (Z) and electric modulus (M) studies of the devices and the multiple hopping of charge carriers between trap sites in grain and grain-boundary regions is believed to be responsible for charge transport. The values of activation energies for trap levels obtained from AC conductivity study are 0.0153 and 0.0487 eV which are close to the activation energies obtained from DC electrical measurement for temperature region between 88 and 178 K and 179 and 298 K, respectively. C1 [Paul, Sharmistha; Harris, Paul G.; Ray, Asim K.] Brunel Univ, Inst Mat & Mfg, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. [Sharma, Ashwani K.] USAF, Se Kirtland AFB, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Paul, Sharmistha] Bikash Bhavan, West Bengal State Council Sci & Technol, Kolkata 700091, India. RP Ray, AK (reprint author), Brunel Univ, Inst Mat & Mfg, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. EM Asim.Ray@brunel.ac.uk FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF [FA8655-08-1-3056] FX This work is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF, under Grant No. FA8655-08-1-3056. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4522 EI 1573-482X J9 J MATER SCI-MATER EL JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Electron. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 26 IS 9 BP 7109 EP 7116 DI 10.1007/s10854-015-3333-4 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA CO8XC UT WOS:000359454500106 ER PT J AU Wagner, DE Neupauer, RM Cichowitz, C AF Wagner, David E. Neupauer, Roseanna M. Cichowitz, Cody TI Adjoint-Based Probabilistic Source Characterization in Water-Distribution Systems with Transient Flows and Imperfect Sensors SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Water distribution systems; Water quality; Mathematical models; Probability; Adjoint state ID CONTAMINATION SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; INTENTIONAL CONTAMINATION; DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS; UNCERTAINTY; SECURITY; MODEL AB If a contamination event occurs in a water distribution system, sensors in the network may observe water quality changes. The data from these sensors can be used to identify the source of the contamination. The sensors can be binary sensors that record the presence or absence of contamination, fuzzy sensors that measure concentration within a set range, or perfect sensors that measure the exact concentration within the bounds of measurement uncertainty. This work presents an adjoint-based probabilistic approach for identifying the source node, source release time, and source strength for an instantaneous release of contamination based on sensor observations and known system hydraulics. In the adjoint approach, information is propagated upgradient from the sensors to the possible source nodes. EPANET is used to simulate the transient hydraulics of the pipe network and the upgradient propagation of the adjoint state through the network. The resulting adjoint states are related to probability density functions of the source release times at all possible source nodes. For fuzzy or perfect sensors, these probabilities can be used to determine the most likely source node. A hypothetical example is used to show that this method is accurate, even for a small number of sensor observations and complex hydraulics. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Wagner, David E.] US Air Force, Holloman Afb, NM 88330 USA. [Neupauer, Roseanna M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cichowitz, Cody] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Buena Vista, CO 81211 USA. RP Wagner, DE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, 1111 Engn Dr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM neupauer@colorado.edu OI Cichowitz, Cody/0000-0002-9029-6508; NEUPAUER, ROSEANNA/0000-0002-4918-810X FU Air Force Medical Service Air Force Institute of Technology Civilian Institution Program; National Science Foundation [DMS-0602284] FX This work was funded in part by the Air Force Medical Service Air Force Institute of Technology Civilian Institution Program and by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMS-0602284. The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on this paper. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 EI 1943-5452 J9 J WATER RES PLAN MAN JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2015 VL 141 IS 9 AR 04015003 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000508 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA CP5TI UT WOS:000359947100004 ER PT J AU Levine, JA Bukowinski, AT Sevick, CJ Mehlhaff, KM Conlin, AMS AF Levine, Jordan A. Bukowinski, Anna T. Sevick, Carter J. Mehlhaff, Krista M. Conlin, Ava Marie S. TI Postpartum depression and timing of spousal military deployment relative to pregnancy and delivery SO ARCHIVES OF GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS LA English DT Article DE Postpartum depression; Women's health; Military deployment; Mental health ID BIRTH-DEFECTS SURVEILLANCE; MATERNAL DEPRESSION; TREATMENT FACILITY; PRIMARY-CARE; RISK-FACTORS; HEALTH; WIVES; SYMPTOMS; IMPACT; PREVALENCE AB This study aimed to determine the relationship between spousal deployment and postpartum depression diagnosis among U.S. military wives, accounting for the timing of deployment with respect to pregnancy and delivery. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the association between spousal deployment and postpartum depression among pregnant wives of active-duty service members. Electronic medical records for 161,454 births occurring between 2004 and 2009 were used to define postpartum depression. Three non-mutually exclusive exposure variables were created to categorize deployments as occurring before, during, or after the infant's delivery. A multivariable logistic regression model mutually adjusted for these exposure variables was fitted, producing an odds ratio for each of the three timing categories. A modest significant association was detected only in those whose husbands deployed in pregnancy and returned after delivery (i.e., deployed during delivery) [odds ratio (OR) 1.10, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.15]. An interactive effect between preexisting depression or anxiety and deployment during delivery was also detected in the data (OR 1.13, 95 % CI 1.07-1.20 for those without a preexisting diagnosis; OR 0.87, 95 % CI 0.80-0.95 for those with a preexisting diagnosis). Health care providers should continue to be aware of spousal deployment as a military-unique stressor in this population and rigorously screen for potential symptoms of postpartum depression, especially among those whose husbands are absent at delivery. C1 [Levine, Jordan A.; Bukowinski, Anna T.; Sevick, Carter J.; Conlin, Ava Marie S.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Mehlhaff, Krista M.] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Levine, JA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Deployment Hlth Res Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM jordan.levine@med.navy.mil NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0932-0067 EI 1432-0711 J9 ARCH GYNECOL OBSTET JI Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 292 IS 3 BP 549 EP 558 DI 10.1007/s00404-015-3672-7 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA CO7YO UT WOS:000359380100016 PM 25731150 ER PT J AU Bogdanor, MJ Oskay, C Clay, SB AF Bogdanor, Michael J. Oskay, Caglar Clay, Stephen B. TI Multiscale modeling of failure in composites under model parameter uncertainty SO COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Fiber reinforced composites; Stochastic failure prediction; Multiscale models; Random material properties; Spatial variability ID HOMOGENIZATION METHOD; HETEROGENEOUS MATERIALS; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; DENSITY-FUNCTION; QUANTIFICATION; PLATES AB This manuscript presents a multiscale stochastic failure modeling approach for fiber reinforced composites. A homogenization based reduced-order multiscale computational model is employed to predict the progressive damage accumulation and failure in the composite. Uncertainty in the composite response is modeled at the scale of the microstructure by considering the constituent material (i.e., matrix and fiber) parameters governing the evolution of damage as random variables. Through the use of the multiscale model, randomness at the constituent scale is propagated to the scale of the composite laminate. The probability distributions of the underlying material parameters are calibrated from unidirectional composite experiments using a Bayesian statistical approach. The calibrated multiscale model is exercised to predict the ultimate tensile strength of quasi-isotropic open-hole composite specimens at various loading rates. The effect of random spatial distribution of constituent material properties on the composite response is investigated. C1 [Bogdanor, Michael J.; Oskay, Caglar] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Clay, Stephen B.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oskay, C (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, VU Stn B 351831,2301 Vanderbilt Pl, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM caglar.oskay@vanderbilt.edu FU Aerospace Systems Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory through Engility Corporation [GS04T09DBC0017]; Department of Defense (DoD) through the National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG) Program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Aerospace Systems Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (Contract No: GS04T09DBC0017 through Engility Corporation) and the Department of Defense (DoD) through the National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG) Program. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-7675 EI 1432-0924 J9 COMPUT MECH JI Comput. Mech. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 56 IS 3 BP 389 EP 404 DI 10.1007/s00466-015-1177-7 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA CO7YZ UT WOS:000359381500001 ER PT J AU Ramasamy, RP AF Ramasamy, Ramaraja P. TI Bioelectrochemical Energy Conversion Technologies SO Electrochemical Society Interface LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ramasamy, Ramaraja P.] Univ South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Ramasamy, Ramaraja P.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ramasamy, Ramaraja P.] PEM Fuel Cells, Washington, DC USA. [Ramasamy, Ramaraja P.] Air Force Res Lab, Bioelectrochem Energy Convers Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Ramasamy, Ramaraja P.] Univ Georgia, Biochem Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ramasamy, Ramaraja P.] Univ Georgia, Nano Electrochem Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ramasamy, RP (reprint author), Univ South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM rama@uga.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1064-8208 EI 1944-8783 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOC INTE JI Electrochem. Soc. Interface PD FAL PY 2015 VL 24 IS 3 BP 53 EP 53 DI 10.1149/2.F01153if PG 1 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA DS3ZJ UT WOS:000380720900003 ER PT J AU Sekar, N Ramasamy, RP AF Sekar, Narendran Ramasamy, Ramaraja P. TI Photosynthetic Energy Conversion: Recent Advances and Future Perspective SO Electrochemical Society Interface LA English DT Article ID SP PCC 6803; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; PHOTOCURRENT GENERATION; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; SYNECHOCOCCUS SP; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FUEL-CELLS; CYANOBACTERIA; WATER C1 [Sekar, Narendran] Univ Georgia, Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ramasamy, Ramaraja P.] Univ South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA. [Ramasamy, Ramaraja P.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ramasamy, Ramaraja P.] PEM Fuel Cells, Washington, DC USA. [Ramasamy, Ramaraja P.] Air Force Res Lab, Bioelectrochem Energy Convers Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Ramasamy, Ramaraja P.] Univ Georgia, Biochem Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Ramasamy, Ramaraja P.] Univ Georgia, Nano Electrochem Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Sekar, N (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM naren@uga.edu; rama@uga.edu NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1064-8208 EI 1944-8783 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOC INTE JI Electrochem. Soc. Interface PD FAL PY 2015 VL 24 IS 3 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1149/2.F04153if PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA DS3ZJ UT WOS:000380720900006 ER PT J AU Exarchos, I Tsiotras, P Pachter, M AF Exarchos, Ioannis Tsiotras, Panagiotis Pachter, Meir TI On the Suicidal Pedestrian Differential Game SO DYNAMIC GAMES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Pursuit-evasion; Game of two cars; Zermelo's navigation problem ID CURVATURE CONSTRAINTS; PURSUIT; NAVIGATION; STRATEGIES; PLANE AB We consider the following differential game of pursuit and evasion involving two participating players: an evader, which has limited maneuverability, and an agile pursuer. The agents move on the Euclidean plane with different but constant speeds. Whereas the pursuer can change the orientation of its velocity vector arbitrarily fast, that is, he is a "pedestrian" a la Isaacs, the evader cannot make turns having a radius smaller than a specified minimum turning radius. This problem can be seen as a reversed Homicidal Chauffeur game, hence the name "Suicidal Pedestrian Differential Game." The aim of this paper is to derive the optimal strategies of the two players and characterize the initial conditions that lead to capture if the pursuer acts optimally, and areas that guarantee evasion regardless of the pursuer's strategy. Both proximity-capture and point-capture are considered. After applying the optimal strategy for the evader, it is shown that the case of point-capture reduces to a special version of Zermelo's Navigation Problem (ZNP) for the pursuer. Therefore, the well-known ZNP solution can be used to validate the results obtained through the differential game framework, as well as to characterize the time-optimal trajectories. The results are directly applicable to collision avoidance in maritime and Air Traffic Control applications. C1 [Exarchos, Ioannis; Tsiotras, Panagiotis] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Pachter, Meir] US Air Force, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsiotras, P (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM exarchos@gatech.edu; tsiotras@gatech.edu; Meir.Pachter@afit.edu FU AFOSR [FA9550-13-0029]; NSF [CMMI-1160780]; A. S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation FX This work was supported in part by the AFOSR Award No. FA9550-13-0029 and NSF Award No. CMMI-1160780. The first author also gratefully acknowledges support from the A. S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER BIRKHAUSER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, 6TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 2153-0785 EI 2153-0793 J9 DYN GAMES APPL JI Dyn. Games Appl. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 5 IS 3 BP 297 EP 317 DI 10.1007/s13235-014-0130-2 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Mathematics GA CO6FK UT WOS:000359252400002 ER PT J AU Scott-Emuakpor, O Schwartz, J George, T Holycross, C Cross, C Slater, J AF Scott-Emuakpor, O. Schwartz, J. George, T. Holycross, C. Cross, C. Slater, J. TI Bending fatigue life characterisation of direct metal laser sintering nickel alloy 718 SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE bending fatigue; statistical model strength; nickel base superalloy; vibration ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; TI-6AL-4V; STRESS; MICROSTRUCTURE; SUPERALLOY AB Bending fatigue behaviour of direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), Nickel (Ni) Alloy 718 has been assessed as preliminary qualification to additively manufacture advanced gas turbine engine components. Motivation for this work comes from the possibility of using DMLS to improve functionality of hot-section components. By using DMLS, turbine blades and heat exchangers cooling passages can be enhanced, leading to improved engine performance. This study focuses on vibratory high cycle fatigue (HCF) assessment of DMLS Ni Alloy 718 from two suppliers. Specimens were fatigued via vibration-based bending and compared with published rotating bending cold-rolled Ni Alloy 718. Tensile analysis and microscopy were also conducted to understand fatigue and fracture trends. HCF, tensile properties and microscopy comparisons show that fatigue and strength of DMLS Ni may be sensitive to post-fusion treatments. Nonetheless, fatigue performance of DMLS Ni compares well with rotating bending fatigue of cold-rolled Ni. C1 [Scott-Emuakpor, O.; Schwartz, J.; George, T.; Holycross, C.; Cross, C.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Slater, J.] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Scott-Emuakpor, O (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, 1950 Fifth St,Bldg 18D, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM onome.scott-emuakpor@wpafb.af.mil FU Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility (TEFF) of the United States Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Universal Technology Corporation (UTC); Department of Mechanical Engineering at Wright State University; Department of Mechanical Engineering at The Ohio State University; Department of Aerospace Engineering at The Ohio State University FX The authors would like to thank the following organisations for funding, support and collaboration: the Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility (TEFF) of the United States Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Universal Technology Corporation (UTC), the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Wright State University and the Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at The Ohio State University. Also, the authors would like to acknowledge UTC contractor Tyler Kennedy for contributing to laboratory testing. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 8756-758X EI 1460-2695 J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 38 IS 9 SI SI BP 1105 EP 1117 DI 10.1111/ffe.12286 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA CO6UX UT WOS:000359293400010 ER PT J AU Fuchi, K Buskohl, PR Bazzan, G Durstock, MF Reich, GW Vaia, RA Joo, JJ AF Fuchi, Kazuko Buskohl, Philip R. Bazzan, Giorgio Durstock, Michael F. Reich, Gregory W. Vaia, Richard A. Joo, James J. TI Origami Actuator Design and Networking Through Crease Topology Optimization SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL DESIGN LA English DT Article ID COMPLIANT MECHANISMS; HOMOGENIZATION METHOD; STIFFNESS; PAPER; SHAPE AB Origami structures morph between 2D and 3D conformations along predetermined fold lines that efficiently program the form of the structure and show potential for many engineering applications. However, the enormity of the design space and the complex relationship between origami-based geometries and engineering metrics place a severe limitation on design strategies based on intuition. The presented work proposes a systematic design method using topology optimization to distribute foldline properties within a reference crease pattern, adding or removing folds through optimization, for a mechanism design. Optimization techniques and mechanical analysis are co-utilized to identify an action origami building block and determine the optimal network connectivity between multiple actuators. Foldable structures are modeled as pin-joint truss structures with additional constraints on fold, or dihedral, angles. A continuous tuning of foldline stiffness leads to a rigid-to-compliant transformation of the local foldline property, the combination of which results in origami crease design optimization. The performance of a designed origami mechanism is evaluated in 3D by applying prescribed forces and finding displacements at set locations. A constraint on the number of foldlines is used to tune design complexity, highlighting the value-add of an optimization approach. Together, these results underscore that the optimization of function, in addition to shape, is a promising approach to origami design and motivates the further development of function-based origami design tools. C1 [Fuchi, Kazuko] Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Buskohl, Philip R.; Durstock, Michael F.; Reich, Gregory W.; Vaia, Richard A.; Joo, James J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bazzan, Giorgio] UES Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. RP Joo, JJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, 2210 Eighth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kazuko.fuchi@wright.edu; philip.buskohl.1@us.af.mil; giorgio.bazzan.1.ctr@us.af.mil; michael.durstock@us.af.mil; gregory.reich.1@us.af.mil; richard.vaia@us.af.mil; james.joo.1@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [LRIR 13RQ02COR] FX This research was supported under the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) funding, LRIR 13RQ02COR. The authors would like to thank Dr. Joycelyn Harrison and Dr. David Stargel for their enthusiasm and support of the project. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 27 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1050-0472 J9 J MECH DESIGN JI J. Mech. Des. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 137 IS 9 AR 091401 DI 10.1115/1.4030876 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA CO5HU UT WOS:000359191000002 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Fagin, PN Goetz, RL Furrer, DU Dutton, RE AF Semiatin, S. L. Fagin, P. N. Goetz, R. L. Furrer, D. U. Dutton, R. E. TI Characterization of Plastic Flow Pertinent to the Evolution of Bulk Residual Stress in Powder-Metallurgy, Nickel-Base Superalloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUPERSOLVUS HEAT-TREATMENT; MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION; HOT-WORKING; RECRYSTALLIZATION; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR AB The plastic-flow behavior which controls the formation of bulk residual stresses during final heat treatment of powder-metallurgy (PM), nickel-base superalloys was quantified using conventional (isothermal) stress-relaxation (SR) tests and a novel approach which simulates concurrent temperature and strain transients during cooling following solution treatment. The concurrent cooling/straining test involves characterization of the thermal compliance of the test sample. In turn, this information is used to program the ram-displacement-vs-time profile to impose a constant plastic strain rate during cooling. To demonstrate the efficacy of the new approach, SR tests (in both tension and compression) and concurrent cooling/tension-straining experiments were performed on two PM superalloys, LSHR and IN-100. The isothermal SR experiments were conducted at a series of temperatures between 1144 K and 1436 K (871 A degrees C and 1163 A degrees C) on samples that had been supersolvus solution treated and cooled slowly or rapidly to produce starting microstructures comprising coarse gamma grains and coarse or fine secondary gamma-prime precipitates, respectively. The concurrent cooling/straining tests comprised supersolvus solution treatment and various combinations of subsequent cooling rate and plastic strain rate. Comparison of flow-stress data from the SR and concurrent cooling/straining tests showed some similarities and some differences which were explained in the context of the size of the gamma-prime precipitates and the evolution of dislocation substructure. The magnitude of the effect of concurrent deformation during cooling on gamma-prime precipitation was also quantified experimentally and theoretically. C1 [Semiatin, S. L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Mat Proc Proc Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dutton, R. E.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Mfg & Ind Technol Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fagin, P. N.] UES Inc, Mat & Proc Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Goetz, R. L.] Rolls Royce Corp, DSE Mat & Proc Modeling, Indianapolis, IN 46225 USA. [Furrer, D. U.] Pratt & Whitney Mat & Proc Engn, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Mat Proc Proc Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sheldon.semiatin@us.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU [FA8650-10-D-5226] FX This work was conducted as part of the in-house research of the Metals Branch of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate in support of the Laboratory's Foundational Engineering Problem (FEP) on bulk residual-stress development in superalloys. The support and encouragement of the FEP Program Managers (Drs. T.J. Turner and M.J. Caton) are gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank G.A. Sargent and T.A. Parthasarathy for technical discussions (on stress-relaxation testing and the modeling of strength in nickel-base superalloys) and W.M. Saurber and E.F. Gaussa in performing the metallography. One of the authors (PNF) was supported under the auspices of contract FA8650-10-D-5226. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 46A IS 9 BP 3943 EP 3959 DI 10.1007/s11661-015-3033-y PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CO1TZ UT WOS:000358939600022 ER PT J AU Bondok, D Salim, H Saucier, A Dinan, R AF Bondok, Doaa Salim, Hani Saucier, Aaron Dinan, Robert TI Static resistance function of cold-formed steel stud walls SO THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Cold-formed steel studs; Static resistance; Analytical models; Numerical modeling AB Previous research focused on the optimization of conventional stud-to-track wall systems for moderate blast threat level protection. It has been concluded that adding extra screws is a practical and an efficient solution for altering the failure mechanisms and increasing the blast resistant characteristics of these wall systems. This paper is focused on the evaluation of the static blast-resistance of conventional cold-formed steel stud wall systems. A general analytical model of the resistance, which is the first necessary step for performing dynamic response predictions under blast, is presented in this paper. A case study of sufficiently screwed stud-to-track connection is selected for further inspection and investigation. Particular emphasis is placed on the effect of including utility holes and sheathing on the static resistance of the wall system. For each experimental test, strain data were collected up to the failure point from a total of 11 longitudinal strain gauges installed on locations of interest. A finite element model was developed to include the sheathing effect and to add flexibility to the simulation of the conventional connection. Strain results provided insightful observations about the behavior of the stud and were used to validate the numerical simulations as well. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bondok, Doaa; Salim, Hani; Saucier, Aaron] Univ Missouri, Civil Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Dinan, Robert] AFCEC COSC, Struct Engn, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. RP Salim, H (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Civil Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM SalimH@missouri.edu; robert.dinan@us.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8231 EI 1879-3223 J9 THIN WALL STRUCT JI Thin-Walled Struct. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 94 BP 177 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.tws.2015.04.008 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA CO7GV UT WOS:000359328500018 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Miller, JD Miracle, DB Woodward, C AF Senkov, O. N. Miller, J. D. Miracle, D. B. Woodward, C. TI Accelerated exploration of multi-principal element alloys for structural applications SO CALPHAD-COMPUTER COUPLING OF PHASE DIAGRAMS AND THERMOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Alloy design; Structural metals; High entropy alloys; Multi-principal element alloys; Calphad ID HIGH-ENTROPY ALLOYS; DIRECT SYNTHESIS CALORIMETRY; TRANSITION-METAL SILICIDES; MULTICOMPONENT ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STANDARD ENTHALPIES; SOLID-SOLUTION; MICROSTRUCTURE; PHASE; STABILITY AB A strategy for accelerated discovery and exploration of multi-principal element alloys was developed and used to identify new alloys within a design window of desired microstructures and properties. As an example, the strategy was applied to analyze thousands of 3- 4-, 5- and 6-component alloys at equiatomic compositions of the alloying elements. Currently available thermodynamic databases were used to assess equilibrium phase diagrams for these alloys. The validity and reliability of the calculated phase diagrams were estimated based on the extent of experimental binary and ternary data used to build the respective thermodynamic databases. Alloys with specific characteristics, such as single-phase solid solution alloys with the use temperature above 1000 degrees C, were identified using an automated analysis of the calculated phase diagrams. The density, elastic moduli and costs of these alloys were estimated using the rule of mixtures of pure elements and were used as additional criteria for alloy selection. This approach allowed rapid, albeit preliminary, screening of many thousands of alloys and identification of promising candidate compositions, some of which are reported in this paper, for more time intensive experimental validations and assessments. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Senkov, O. N.; Miller, J. D.; Miracle, D. B.; Woodward, C.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X FU AF [FA8650-10-5226] FX Technical help from Mr. Adam Shiveley (AFRL) in writing a computer script for automated, continuous running of multiple Pandat batch files and numerous discussions with Dr. Fan Zhang (CompuTherm LLC) are greatly appreciated. This work was conducted at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. Work by ONS was supported through the AF on-site Contract FA8650-10-5226 managed by UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio. NR 54 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 11 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0364-5916 EI 1873-2984 J9 CALPHAD JI Calphad-Comput. Coupling Ph. Diagrams Thermochem. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 50 BP 32 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.calphad.2015.04.009 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CN5KJ UT WOS:000358467900004 ER PT J AU Welsh, JA Olson, J Perkins, DF Travis, WJ Ormsby, L AF Welsh, Janet A. Olson, Jonathan Perkins, Daniel F. Travis, Wendy J. Ormsby, LaJuana TI The Role of Natural Support Systems in the Post-deployment Adjustment of Active Duty Military Personnel SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Social support; Military deployment; Social adjustment ID MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; MAJOR DEPRESSION; LIFE STRESS; SYMPTOMS; IRAQ; AFGHANISTAN; VETERANS; CONFLICT; FAMILIES AB This study examined the relations among three different types of naturally occurring social support (from romantic partners, friends and neighbors, and unit leaders) and three indices of service member well-being (self reports of depressive symptoms, satisfaction with military life, and perceptions of unit readiness) for service members who did and did not report negative experiences associated with military deployment. Data were drawn from the 2011 Community Assessment completed anonymously by more than 63,000 USAF personnel. Regression analyses revealed that higher levels of social support was associated with better outcomes regardless of negative deployment experiences. Evidence of moderation was also noted, with all forms of social support moderating the impact of negative deployment experiences on depressive symptoms and support from unit leaders moderating the impact of negative deployment experience on satisfaction with military life. No moderation was found for perceptions of unit readiness. Subgroup analyses revealed slightly different patterns for male and female service members, with support providing fewer moderation effects for women. These findings may have value for military leaders and mental health professionals working to harness the power of naturally occurring relationships to maximize the positive adjustment of service members and their families. Implications for practices related to re-integration of post-deployment military personnel are discussed. C1 [Welsh, Janet A.] Penn State Univ, Bennett Pierce Prevent Res Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Welsh, Janet A.; Olson, Jonathan; Perkins, Daniel F.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Travis, Wendy J.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Ormsby, LaJuana] Air Force Med Operat Adm, University Pk, PA USA. [Perkins, Daniel F.] Penn State Univ, Dept Agr Econ Sociol & Educ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Welsh, JA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Bennett Pierce Prevent Res Ctr, 320H Biobehav Hlth Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Jaw900@psu.edu NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0091-0562 EI 1573-2770 J9 AM J COMMUN PSYCHOL JI Am. J. Community Psychol. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.1007/s10464-015-9726-y PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Work SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Social Work GA CN4AK UT WOS:000358370200007 PM 26148977 ER PT J AU Goff, GM Black, JT Beck, JA AF Goff, Gary M. Black, Jonathan T. Beck, Joseph A. TI Tracking maneuvering spacecraft with filter-through approaches using interacting multiple models SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Adaptive estimation; Space situational awareness; Orbit determination AB When spacecraft maneuver unknowingly, traditional orbit determination filters diverge. This paper postulates using Interacting Multiple Models and covariance inflation methods to filter-through unknown maneuvers. This work proposes accurate methods for real-time tracking of a non-cooperative, maneuvering spacecraft and compares the performance to traditional techniques. Results show that a filter-through Interacting Multiple Model orbit determination filter can converge on a post-maneuver orbit in real-time with similar performance to off-line Initial Orbit Determination approaches. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of IAA. C1 [Goff, Gary M.; Black, Jonathan T.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Beck, Joseph A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Goff, GM (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gary.goff@us.af.mil RI Black, Jonathan/R-4875-2016 OI Black, Jonathan/0000-0001-9315-3994 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 EI 1879-2030 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD SEP-OCT PY 2015 VL 114 BP 152 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2015.05.009 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CM7VX UT WOS:000357905700016 ER PT J AU Kaspi, R Lu, CT Yang, C Newell, TC Luong, S AF Kaspi, Ron Lu, Chunte Yang, Chi Newell, Timothy C. Luong, Sanh TI Desorption mass spectrometry: Revisiting the in-situ calibration technique for mixed group-V alloy MBE growth of similar to 3.3 mu m diode lasers SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE 2014) CY SEP 07-12, 2014 CL fLAGSTAFF, AZ DE Molecular beam epitaxy; In-Situ monitoring; Desorption mass spectrometry; Antimonides; Semiconducting quaternary alloys; Laser diodes ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; REFLECTION; INTERFACE AB We apply the desorption mass spectrometry (DMS) technique and analyze the desorbed Sb species in-situ during MBE growth of mixed As/Sb heterostructures. We demonstrate how DMS is useful in pregrowth calibration of the Vila ratio, the group-Ill ratio, as well as the Sb-content in quaternary or quinary mixed As/Sb alloys. We also apply DMS to the digital alloy growth method. For demonstration purposes, we start with an un-calibrated MBE system, use the DMS technique to calibrate all of the previously undetermined MBE parameters and grow a similar to 3.3 mu m diode laser heterostructure in only one attempt. The results demonstrate that the DMS technique will allow the MBE to quickly converge toward a set of acceptable growth parameters without the need for ex-situ calibration of alloy composition. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kaspi, Ron; Lu, Chunte; Yang, Chi; Newell, Timothy C.; Luong, Sanh] AFRL RDLTD, Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kaspi, R (reprint author), AFRL RDLTD, Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM ron.kaspi@us.af.mil FU US Air Force Office Scientific Research FX We gratefully acknowledge the US Air Force Office Scientific Research for providing funding for this work. We are also grateful for the use of the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) facility at the Sandia National Laboratory, where the diode laser devices were fabricated by AFRL personnel. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 425 BP 5 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2015.02.009 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA CL0YO UT WOS:000356669200003 ER PT J AU Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ Elhamri, S Grazulis, L AF Haugan, H. J. Brown, G. J. Elhamri, S. Grazulis, L. TI Control of anion incorporation in the molecular beam epitaxy of ternary antimonide superlattices for very long wavelength infrared detection SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE 2014) CY SEP 07-12, 2014 CL fLAGSTAFF, AZ DE Superlattices; Molecular beam epitaxy; Antimonides; Infrared detector ID HETEROSTRUCTURES AB Authors discuss how anion incorporation was controlled during the epitaxial growth process to develop InAs/GaInSb superlattice (SL) materials for very long wavelength infrared applications. A SL structure of 47.0 angstrom InAs/21.5 angstrom Ga0.75In0.25Sb was selected to create a very narrow band gap. Although a molecular beam epitaxy growth developed can produce a strain balanced ternary SL structure with a precisely controlled band gap around 50 meV, the material quality of grown SL layers is particularly sensitive to growth detects formed during an anion incorporation process. Since Group III antisites are the dominant structural defects responsible for the low radiative efficiencies, the authors focus on stabilizing III/V incorporation during SL layer growth by manipulating the growth surface condition for a specific anion cracking condition. The optimized ternary SL materials produced an overall strong photoresponse signal with a relatively sharp band edges and a high mobility of similar to 10,000 cm(2)/V s that is important for developing infrared materials. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Haugan, H. J.; Brown, G. J.; Grazulis, L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Elhamri, S.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM heather.haugan.ctr@us.af.mil FU Air Force [FA8650-11-D-5800] FX The work of H. J. Haugan was performed under Air Force contract number FA8650-11-D-5800. The authors thank S. Bower, G. Landis and A. H. Siwecki for a technical assistance with the MBE system and the sample preparation and transport the measurements, respectively. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 425 BP 25 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2015.03.008 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA CL0YO UT WOS:000356669200008 ER PT J AU Gibson, R Gehl, M Sears, J Zandbergen, S Nader, N Keiffer, P Hendrickson, J Arnoult, A Khitrova, G AF Gibson, Ricky Gehl, Michael Sears, Jasmine Zandbergen, Sander Nader, Nima Keiffer, Patrick Hendrickson, Joshua Arnoult, Alexandre Khitrova, Galina TI Molecular beam epitaxy grown indium self-assembled plasmonic nanostructures SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE 2014) CY SEP 07-12, 2014 CL fLAGSTAFF, AZ DE Nanostructures; Molecular beam epitaxy; Metals; Semiconducting III-V materials AB We describe molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth conditions for self-assembled indium nanostructures, or islands, which allow for the tuning of the density and size of the indium nanostructures. How the plasmonic resonance of indium nanostructures is affected by the island density, size, distribution in sizes, and indium purity of the nanostructures is explored. These self-assembled nanostructures provide a platform for integration of resonant and non-resonant plasmonic structures within a few nm of quantum wells (QWs) or quantum dots (QDs) in a single process. A 4 x increase in peak photoluminescence intensity is demonstrated for near-surface QDs resonantly coupled to indium nanostructures. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gibson, Ricky; Gehl, Michael; Sears, Jasmine; Zandbergen, Sander; Nader, Nima; Keiffer, Patrick; Khitrova, Galina] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Nader, Nima; Hendrickson, Joshua] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nader, Nima] Solid State Sci Corp, Nahua, NH 03060 USA. [Arnoult, Alexandre] CNRS, LAAS, F-31000 Toulouse, France. RP Gibson, R (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, 1630 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM rgibson@optics.arizona.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-13-1-0003, 12RY05COR]; National Science Foundation Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics [NSF-AMOP 1205031]; Engineering Research Center for Integrated Access Networks (NSF ERC-CIAN) [EEC-0812072]; Department of Defense through the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship Program; Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Funding (TRIF); Department of Energy (DOE); RISE-ORAU [DE-AC05-060R23100] FX We gratefully acknowledge the use of facilities with the LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science at Arizona State University. This work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR, Dr. Gernot Pomrenke, Grant FA9550-13-1-0003), the National Science Foundation Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (NSF-AMOP 1205031) and the Engineering Research Center for Integrated Access Networks (NSF ERC-CIAN, Award EEC-0812072). MG would like to acknowledge the support of the Department of Defense through the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship Program. JS would like to acknowledge the support of Arizona Technology and Research Initiative Funding (TRIF). SZ would like to acknowledge the support of the Department of Energy (DOE) through the Office of Science Graduate Fellowship (SCGF) made possible in part by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, administered by RISE-ORAU under Contract no. DE-AC05-060R23100. JH would like to acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR, Program Manager - Dr. Gernot Pomrenke, Contract 12RY05COR). AA would like to acknowledge support from the French technology network RENATECH. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD SEP 1 PY 2015 VL 425 BP 307 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2015.02.058 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA CL0YO UT WOS:000356669200071 ER PT J AU Winder, SL Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Parthasarathy, T Key, T Carney, CM AF Winder, S. L. Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Parthasarathy, T. Key, T. Carney, C. M. TI Thermo-chemical compatibility of hafnium diboride with yttrium aluminum garnet at 1500 degrees C in air SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE HfB2; YAG; Stability ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL YAG; OXIDATION RESISTANCE; ZIRCONIUM DIBORIDE; MONOCLINIC ZIRCONIA; STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; AL2O3-Y2O3 SYSTEM; CARBIDE ADDITIONS; TUNGSTEN CARBIDE AB Due to its high thermal conductivity and oxidation resistance at very high temperatures, hafnium diboride (HfB2) is being considered for use as a leading edge material on sharp-bodied reentry vehicles. In structural applications, HfB2 is likely to operate at elevated temperature in proximity to other refractory materials. The thermo-chemical compatibility of HfB2 with (1) single-crystal Y3Al5O12 (SX YAG) and (2) Al2O3 (alumina) was examined in multiple contact combinations during furnace heat treatment exposures at 1500 degrees C in air. The reaction products were characterized using optical microscopy, SEM, EDS, and XRD. The results are presented and possible mechanisms are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Winder, S. L.; Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Parthasarathy, T.; Key, T.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Carney, C. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F1ATA03039J001] FX The support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant F1ATA03039J001), Dr. Ali Sayir, Program Director, is highly appreciated. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 EI 1873-619X J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PD SEP PY 2015 VL 35 IS 9 BP 2437 EP 2444 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.03.022 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA CI1LI UT WOS:000354505300001 ER PT J AU Shiffler, DA Tang, W Jensen, KL Golby, K LaCour, M Petillo, JJ Harris, JR AF Shiffler, Donald A. Tang, Wilkin Jensen, Kevin L. Golby, Ken LaCour, Matthew Petillo, John J. Harris, John R. TI Effective field enhancement factor and the influence of emitted space charge SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-EMISSION; CARBON NANOTUBES; CATHODES; MODELS AB Although Fowler and Nordheim developed the basics of field emission nearly one century ago with their introduction of the Fowler-Nordheim equation (FNE), the topic continues to attract research interest particularly with the development of new materials that have been proposed as field emitters. The first order analysis of experiments typically relies upon the FNE for at minimum a basic understand of the physical emission process and its parameters of emission. The three key parameters in the FNE are the work function, emission area, and field enhancement factor, all of which can be difficult to determine under experimental conditions. This paper focuses in particular, on the field enhancement factor beta. It is generally understood that b provides an indication of the surface roughness or sharpness of a field emitter cathode. However, in this paper, we experimentally and computationally demonstrate that cathodes with highly similar surface morphologies can manifest quite different field enhancements solely through having different emission regions. This fact can cause one to re-interpret results in which a single sharp emitter is proposed to dominate the emission from a field emitting cathode. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Shiffler, Donald A.; Tang, Wilkin] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Jensen, Kevin L.] Naval Res Lab, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Golby, Ken; LaCour, Matthew] Leidos Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Petillo, John J.] Leidos, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Harris, John R.] US Navy Reserve, New Orleans, LA 70143 USA. RP Shiffler, DA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 FU AFOSR FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from J. Luginsland and J. Marshall (AFOSR). NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2015 VL 118 IS 8 AR 083302 DI 10.1063/1.4929364 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CQ5PU UT WOS:000360658600009 ER PT J AU McCollum, J Pantoya, ML Iacono, ST AF McCollum, Jena Pantoya, Michelle L. Iacono, Scott T. TI Activating Aluminum Reactivity with Fluoropolymer Coatings for Improved Energetic Composite Combustion SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE aluminum powder; fluorine; combustion; aluminum fluoride; oligomers; energetic materials; exothermic surface chemistry; preignition reaction ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; THERMITE REACTIONS; NANO-AL; OXIDE; AL/CUO; DEGRADATION; MIXTURES; CU AB Aluminum (Al) particles are passivated by an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) shell. Energetic blends of nanometer-sized Al particles with liquid perfluorocarbon-based oxidizers such as perfluoropolyethers (PFPE) excite surface exothermic reaction between fluorine and the Al2O3 shell. The surface reaction promotes Al particle reactivity. Many Al-fueled composites use solid oxidizers that induce no Al2O3 surface exothermicity, such as molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) or copper oxide (CuO). This study investigates a perfluorinated polymer additive, PFPE, incorporated to activate Al reactivity in Al-CuO and Al-MoO3. Flame speeds, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) were performed for varying percentages of PFPE blended with Al/MoO3 or Al/CuO to examine reaction kinetics and combustion performance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed to identify product species. Results show that the performance of the thermite-PFPE blends is highly dependent on the bond dissociation energy of the metal oxide. Fluorine-Al-based surface reaction with MoO3 produces an increase in reactivity, whereas the blends with CuO show a decline when the PFPE concentration is increased. These results provide new evidence that optimizing Al combustion can be achieved through activating exothermic Al surface reactions. C1 [McCollum, Jena; Pantoya, Michelle L.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Pantoya, ML (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM michelle.pantoya@ttu.edu FU Army Research Office [W911NF-11-10439, W911NF-14-10250, 65092EGRIP] FX We are thankful for support from Army Research Office Awards W911NF-11-10439, W911NF-14-10250, and 65092EGRIP and encouragement from our program manager, Dr. Ralph Anthenien. We acknowledge assistance from Drs. Juliusz Warzywoda and Rumesa Tekin in the Materials Characterization Facility in the Whitacre College of Engineering at Texas Tech. We also gratefully acknowledge Dr. Steve Son for the solvent dispersion advice with PFPE. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD AUG 26 PY 2015 VL 7 IS 33 BP 18742 EP 18749 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b05238 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CQ0XN UT WOS:000360322000065 PM 26263844 ER PT J AU Kramb, RC Buskohl, PR Dalton, MJ Vaia, RA AF Kramb, Ryan C. Buskohl, Philip R. Dalton, Matthew J. Vaia, Richard A. TI Belousov-Zhabotinsky Hydrogels: Relationship between Hydrogel Structure and Mechanical Response SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SELF-OSCILLATING GEL; COMPOSITE HYDROGELS; SYNCHRONICITY; COMPLEXES; SYSTEMS; MOTION; WATER; BPY AB The novel chemo-mechanical feedback within autonomic Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) hydrogels mimics the complex adaptivity found in natural systems and inspires soft device concepts for chemical computing, sensing, and actuation. A quantitative relationship between the dynamic response, strain, BZ reagents, and hydrogel constituents, however, is still evolving due to a limited material suite. Using a modular synthesis strategy for free-radical BZ-catalyst monomers, we compare the impact of cross-linker, catalyst, and total polymer concentration on the cyclic strain of PNIPAm- and PAAm-based BZ hydrogels. The oscillator strain of the hydrogel in the BZ solution relative to the difference between equilibrium swelling of the fully oxidized and reduced states highlights the trade-off between BZ reaction kinetics, hydrogel elasticity, and catalyst concentration. For a PNIPAm-based BZ gel, a maximum strain of 20% occurs at a total polymer and [Ru] concentration of 4.8 +/- 0.5 mu g/mm(3) and 1.5 mM due to a complementary balance of Ru content, extended BZ period (33 +/- 8 min), and modest network cross-linking. The modular synthesis approach enables formulation studies to identify the BZ hydrogel architecture that provides maximum strain response and robustness, as well as elucidating the interrelationship between hydrogel structure, composition, and reaction conditions. C1 [Kramb, Ryan C.; Buskohl, Philip R.; Dalton, Matthew J.; Vaia, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RX Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kramb, Ryan C.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RX Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate FX The authors acknowledge the support of this research by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG 25 PY 2015 VL 27 IS 16 BP 5782 EP 5790 DI 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b02412 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CQ0YE UT WOS:000360323700040 ER PT J AU Wiens, JP Shuman, NS Miller, TM Viggiano, AA AF Wiens, Justin P. Shuman, Nicholas S. Miller, Thomas M. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Electron attachment and positive ion chemistry of monohydrogenated fluorocarbon radicals SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID R-MATRIX METHOD; LANGMUIR PROBE TECHNIQUE; FLOWING AFTERGLOW; ORGANIC RADICALS; COLLISIONS; CF2; TEMPERATURE; APPARATUS; DYNAMICS; KINETICS AB Rate coefficients and product branching fractions for electron attachment and for reaction with Ar+ are measured over the temperature range 300-585 K for three monohydrogenated fluorocarbon (HFC) radicals (CF3CHF, CHF2CF2, and CF3CHFCF2), as well as their five closed-shell precursors (1-HC2F4I, 2-HC2F4I, 2-HC2F4Br, 1-HC3F6I, 2-HC3F6Br). Attachment to the HFC radicals is always fairly inefficient (between 0.1% and 10% of the Vogt-Wannier capture rate), but generally faster than attachment to analogous perfluorinated carbon radicals. The primary products in all cases are HF-loss to yield C(n)F(m-1)(-)anions, with only a minor branching to F-product. In all cases the temperature dependences are weak. Attachment to the precursor halocarbons is near the capture rate with a slight negative temperature dependence in all cases except for 2-HC2F4Br, which is similar to 10% efficient at 300 K and becomes more efficient, approaching the capture rate at higher temperatures. All attachment kinetics are successfully reproduced using a kinetic modeling approach. Reaction of the HFC radicals with Ar+ proceeds at or near the calculated collisional rate coefficient in all cases, yielding a wide variety of product ions. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Wiens, Justin P.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, Albert A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wiens, JP (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; National Research Council FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (No. AFOSR-2303EP). J.P.W. is supported by the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 21 PY 2015 VL 143 IS 7 AR 074309 DI 10.1063/1.4928691 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CQ2OJ UT WOS:000360440400031 PM 26298136 ER PT J AU Sablon, K Li, Y Vagidov, N Mitin, V Little, JW Hier, H Sergeev, A AF Sablon, K. Li, Y. Vagidov, N. Mitin, V. Little, J. W. Hier, H. Sergeev, A. TI GaAs quantum dot solar cell under concentrated radiation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BUILT-IN CHARGE; EFFICIENCY; SUNS AB Effects of concentrated solar radiation on photovoltaic performance are investigated in well-developed GaAs quantum dot (QD) solar cells with 1-Sun efficiencies of 18%-19%. In these devices, the conversion processes are enhanced by nanoscale potential barriers and/or AlGaAs atomically thin barriers around QDs, which prevent photoelectron capture to QDs. Under concentrated radiation, the short circuit current increases proportionally to the concentration and the open circuit voltage shows the logarithmic increase. In the range up to hundred Suns, the contributions of QDs to the photocurrent are proportional to the light concentration. The ideality factors of 1.1-1.3 found from the VOC-Sun characteristics demonstrate effective suppression of recombination processes in barrier-separated QDs. The conversion efficiency shows the wide maximum in the range of 40-90 Suns and reaches 21.6%. Detailed analysis of I-V-Sun characteristics shows that at low intensities, the series resistance decreases inversely proportional to the concentration and, at similar to 40 Suns, reaches the plateau determined mainly by the front contact resistance. Improvement of contact resistance would increase efficiency to above 24% at thousand Suns. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Sablon, K.; Little, J. W.; Hier, H.; Sergeev, A.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Li, Y.; Vagidov, N.; Mitin, V.; Sergeev, A.] SUNY Buffalo, EE Dept, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Vagidov, N.] US Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Sablon, K (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. FU ARL; NSF [ECS-1236459]; NRC Research Associateship Program FX The work of K.S., J.W.L., and H.H. was supported by ARL and research at UB was supported by NSF (ECS-1236459). A.S. and N.V. gratefully acknowledge support from NRC Research Associateship Program. The authors are grateful to S. Oktyabrsky, D. Wilt, and M. Yakimov for valuable discussions. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 17 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 7 AR 073901 DI 10.1063/1.4928669 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CQ1WI UT WOS:000360390500065 ER PT J AU Kaspi, R Lu, CA Newell, TC Yang, C Luong, S AF Kaspi, Ron Lu, Chunte A. Newell, Tim C. Yang, Chi Luong, Sanh TI GaSb-based > 3 mu m laser diodes grown with up to 2.4% compressive strain in the quantum wells using strain compensation SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Molecular beam epitaxy; Antimonides; Semiconducting III-V materials; Laser diodes ID OPERATION; ROOM AB We describe the growth of GaSb-based diode lasers with quinary AlInGaAsSb alloy waveguide/barriers and highly strained InGaAsSb type-I quantum wells, designed to emit at similar to 3.2 mu m at room temperature. To increase the compressive strain in the QWs above the pseudomorphic limit, we employ strain compensation in which the lower portion of the quinary alloy waveguide is slightly arsenic-rich as compared to the lattice-matched composition. Using this scheme, we fabricated a set of laser devices with incrementally increasing compressive strain in the quantum wells. With compressive strain reaching as high as similar to 2.4%, the device performance corroborates the notion that adding compressive strain in the quantum wells helps improve hole confinement and suppresses carrier leakage during operation near room temperature. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kaspi, Ron; Lu, Chunte A.; Newell, Tim C.; Yang, Chi; Luong, Sanh] AFRL RDLTD, Directed Energy Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Kaspi, R (reprint author), AFRL RDLTD, Directed Energy Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM ron.kaspi@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX The authors are grateful to the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for providing funding for this project. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD AUG 15 PY 2015 VL 424 BP 24 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2015.04.043 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA CK0RL UT WOS:000355912400005 ER PT J AU Pinchak, M Ombrello, T Carter, C Gutmark, E Katta, V AF Pinchak, Matthew Ombrello, Timothy Carter, Campbell Gutmark, Ephraim Katta, Viswanath TI The effects of hydrodynamic stretch on the flame propagation enhancement of ethylene by addition of ozone SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE plasma; combustion; ozone; flame speed enhancement; Hencken flame; sub-atmospheric pressure ID JET DIFFUSION FLAMES; NONEQUILIBRIUM PLASMA; LASER EXCITATION; COMBUSTION; IGNITION; DISCHARGE; MIXTURES; METHANE; FLOW; STABILIZATION AB The effect of O-3 on C2H4/synthetic-air flame propagation at sub-atmospheric pressure was investigated through detailed experiments and simulations. A Hencken burner provided an ideal platform to interrogate flame speed enhancement, producing a steady, laminar, nearly one-dimensional, minimally curved, weakly stretched, and nearly adiabatic flame that could be accurately compared with simulations. The experimental results showed enhancement of up to 7.5% in flame speed for 11 000ppm of O-3 at stoichiometric conditions. Significantly, the axial stretch rate was also found to affect enhancement. Comparison of the flames for a given burner exit velocity resulted in the enhancement increasing almost 9% over the range of axial stretch rates that was investigated. Two-dimensional simulations agreed well with the experiments in terms of flame speed, as well as the trends of enhancement. Rate of production analysis showed that the primary pathway for O-3 consumption was through reaction with H, leading to early heat release and increased production of OH. Higher flame stretch rates resulted in increased flux through the H + O-3 reaction to provide increased enhancement, due to the thinning of the flame that accompanies higher stretch, and thus results in decreased distance for the H to diffuse before reacting with O-3. C1 [Pinchak, Matthew; Gutmark, Ephraim] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Ombrello, Timothy; Carter, Campbell] US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Katta, Viswanath] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Ombrello, T (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.ombrello.1@us.af.mil OI Gutmark, Ephraim/0000-0001-7816-4257 FU Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute FX This work was supported by the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X EI 1471-2962 J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD AUG 13 PY 2015 VL 373 IS 2048 AR 20140339 DI 10.1098/rsta.2014.0339 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CM7TW UT WOS:000357900400009 ER PT J AU Nath, J Modak, S Rezadad, I Panjwani, D Rezaie, F Cleary, JW Peale, RE AF Nath, Janardan Modak, Sushrut Rezadad, Imen Panjwani, Deep Rezaie, Farnood Cleary, Justin W. Peale, Robert E. TI Far-infrared absorber based on standing-wave resonances in metal-dielectric-metal cavity SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID TERAHERTZ METAMATERIAL ABSORBER; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; HOLE ARRAYS; BAND; REGIME; TRANSMISSION; DESIGN; MODEL AB Thin-film resonant absorbers for the far-IR spectral range were fabricated, characterized, and modeled. The 3-mu m-thick structure comprises a periodic surface array of metal squares, a dielectric spacer and a metallic ground plane. Up to 95% absorption for the fundamental band at similar to 53.5 mu m wavelength (5.6 THz) is achieved experimentally. Absorption bands are independent of the structure period and only weakly dependent on polarization and incident angle. The results are well explained in terms of standing-wave resonances within individual metal-dielectric-metal cavities. The structure has application as a wavelength selective coating for far-IR bolometers. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Nath, Janardan; Rezadad, Imen; Panjwani, Deep; Rezaie, Farnood; Peale, Robert E.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Modak, Sushrut] Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon CREOL, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Cleary, Justin W.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Peale, RE (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM Robert.Peale@ucf.edu RI Panjwani, Deep/A-9250-2017 OI Panjwani, Deep/0000-0002-8351-6138 FU Florida High Technology Corridor program [I-4] FX This work was supported in part by an award from the Florida High Technology Corridor (I-4) program. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 37 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 10 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 16 BP 20366 EP 20380 DI 10.1364/OE.23.020366 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA CR0TP UT WOS:000361036400016 PM 26367892 ER PT J AU Auslender, I Barmashenko, B Rosenwaks, S Zhdanov, B Rotondaro, M Knize, RJ AF Auslender, Ilya Barmashenko, Boris Rosenwaks, Salman Zhdanov, Boris Rotondaro, Matthew Knize, Randall J. TI Modeling of pulsed K diode pumped alkali laser: Analysis of the experimental results SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB A simple optical model of K DPAL, where Gaussian spatial shapes of the pump and laser intensities in any cross section of the beams are assumed, is reported. The model, applied to the recently reported highly efficient static, pulsed K DPAL [Zhdanov et al, Optics Express 22, 17266 (2014)], shows good agreement between the calculated and measured dependence of the laser power on the incident pump power. In particular, the model reproduces the observed threshold pump power, 22 W (corresponding to pump intensity of 4 kW/cm(2)), which is much higher than that predicted by the standard semi-analytical models of the DPAL. The reason for the large values of the threshold power is that the volume occupied by the excited K atoms contributing to the spontaneous emission is much larger than the volumes of the pump and laser beams in the laser cell, resulting in very large energy losses due to the spontaneous emission. To reduce the adverse effect of the high threshold power, high pump power is needed, and therefore gas flow with high gas velocity to avoid heating the gas has to be applied. Thus, for obtaining high power, highly efficient K DPAL, subsonic or supersonic flowing-gas device is needed. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Auslender, Ilya; Barmashenko, Boris; Rosenwaks, Salman] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Zhdanov, Boris; Rotondaro, Matthew; Knize, Randall J.] US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Usaf Acad, CO 80840 USA. RP Barmashenko, B (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Phys, Ben Gurion Blvd 1, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM barmash@bgu.ac.il FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL JTO); European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (EOARD) [FA8655-13-1-3072] FX Effort sponsored by the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL JTO) and the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (EOARD) under grant FA8655-13-1-3072. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 10 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 16 BP 20986 EP 20996 DI 10.1364/OE.23.020986 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA CR0TP UT WOS:000361036400075 PM 26367951 ER PT J AU Gumbs, G Iurov, A Huang, DH Pan, W AF Gumbs, Godfrey Iurov, Andrii Huang, Danhong Pan, Wei TI Tunable surface plasmon instability leading to emission of radiation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED TRANSMISSION SPECTRA; LATERALLY CONFINED 2D-PLASMA; SILICON INVERSION LAYERS; QUANTUM-CASCADE LASERS; 2-DIMENSIONAL PLASMA; INTERCALATED GRAPHITE; DIELECTRIC FUNCTION; GRAPHENE; SYSTEMS; WIRES AB We propose a new approach for energy conversion from a dc electric field to tunable terahertz emission based on hybrid semiconductors by combining two-dimensional (2D) crystalline layers and a thick conducting material with possible applications for chemical analysis, security scanning, medical (single-molecule) imaging, and telecommunications. The hybrid nano-structure may consist of a single or pair of sheets of graphene, sificene, or a 2D electron gas. When an electric current is passed through a 2D layer, we discover that two low-energy plasmon branches exhibit a characteristic loop in their dispersion before they merge into an unstable region beyond a critical wave vector q(c). This finite q(c) gives rise to a wavenumber cutoff in the emission dispersion of the surface plasmon induced instability and emission of radiation (spiler). However, there is no instability for a single driven layer far from the conductor, and the instability of an isolated pair of 2D layers occurs without a wavenumber cutoff. The wavenumber cutoff is found to depend on the conductor electron density, layer separation, distances of layers from the conductor surface, and the driving-current strength. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC, C1 [Gumbs, Godfrey; Iurov, Andrii] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Gumbs, Godfrey] Donostia Int Phys Ctr, San Sebastian 20018, Basque Country, Spain. [Iurov, Andrii] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Huang, Danhong] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Pan, Wei] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Iurov, A (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM aiurov@chtm.unm.edu RI DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014 FU AFRL [FA 9453-13-1-0291]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division FX This research was supported by Contract No. FA 9453-13-1-0291 of AFRL. D.H. thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for its support. W.P. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. We thank Oleksiy Roslyak and Antonios Balassis for helpful discussions. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 7 PY 2015 VL 118 IS 5 AR 054303 DI 10.1063/1.4927101 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CO7XK UT WOS:000359376700027 ER PT J AU Voss, JD Leon, JC Dhurandhar, NV Robb, FT AF Voss, Jameson D. Leon, Juan C. Dhurandhar, Nikhil V. Robb, Frank T. TI Pawnobiome: manipulation of the hologenome within one host generation and beyond SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE evolution; microbiome; hologenome; microbiota; pawnobe ID HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA; INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA; ADENOVIRUS INFECTION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GNOTOBIOTIC MICE; HUMAN-DISEASE; EVOLUTION; OBESITY; ADIPOSITY C1 [Voss, Jameson D.; Leon, Juan C.] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Consult Serv, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dhurandhar, Nikhil V.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Robb, Frank T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Voss, JD (reprint author), US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Consult Serv, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jameson.voss@us.af.mil OI Robb, Frank/0000-0001-5833-6496 NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD AUG 6 PY 2015 VL 6 AR 697 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00697 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CO9HO UT WOS:000359485800001 PM 26300848 ER PT J AU Bachmatiuk, A Boeckl, J Smith, H Ibrahim, I Gemming, T Oswald, S Kazmierczak, W Makarov, D Schmidt, OG Eckert, J Fu, L Rummeli, MH AF Bachmatiuk, Alicja Boeckl, John Smith, Howard Ibrahim, Imad Gemming, Thomas Oswald, Steffen Kazmierczak, Wojciech Makarov, Denys Schmidt, Oliver G. Eckert, Juergen Fu, Lei Rummeli, Mark H. TI Vertical Graphene Growth from Amorphous Carbon Films Using Oxidizing Gases SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SILICON; TRANSFORMATION; NANOWALLS; NITRIDE; HEAT AB Amorphous carbon thin films are technologically important materials that range in use from the semiconductor industry to corrosion-resistant films. Their conversion to crystalline graphene layers has long been pursued; however, typiCally this requires excessively high temperatures. Thus, crystallization routes which require reduced temperatures are important. Moreover, the ability to crystallize amorphous catbon at reduced, teinpetatures without a catalyst could pave the way for practical graphene synthesis for device fabrication without the need for transfer or post-transfer gate deposition. To this end we demonstrate a practical and facile method to crystallize deposited amorphous Carbon films to high,quality graphene layers at reduced annealing temperatures by introducing oxidizing gases during the process. The reactive gases react with regions of higher strain (energy) in the syStel-n and accelerate the graphitization process by minimizing -criss-cross-linkages and accelerating C-C bond rearrangement at defects. In other words, the movement of crystallite boundaries is accelerated along the carbon hexagon planes by removing obstacles for Crystallite coalescence. C1 [Bachmatiuk, Alicja] Polish Acad Sci, Ctr Polymer & Carbon Mat, PL-41819 Zabrze, Poland. [Bachmatiuk, Alicja; Ibrahim, Imad; Gemming, Thomas; Oswald, Steffen; Makarov, Denys; Schmidt, Oliver G.; Eckert, Juergen] IFW Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. [Boeckl, John; Smith, Howard] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Smith, Howard] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Ibrahim, Imad; Gemming, Thomas; Eckert, Juergen] Tech Univ Dresden, Ctr Adv Elect Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Kazmierczak, Wojciech] Labsoft Krzysztof Herman, PL-02828 Warsaw, Poland. [Kazmierczak, Wojciech] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Mat Sci, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Fu, Lei] Wuhan Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Sci, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Rummeli, Mark H.] Inst for Basic Sci Korea, IBS Ctr Integrated Nanostruct Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Rummeli, Mark H.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Dept Energy Sci, Suwon 440746, South Korea. RP Rummeli, MH (reprint author), Inst for Basic Sci Korea, IBS Ctr Integrated Nanostruct Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. EM m.ruemmeli@ifw-dresden.de RI Makarov, Denys/G-1025-2011; Lei, Fu/B-8826-2008; OI Lei, Fu/0000-0002-8730-1847; Rummeli, Mark Hermann/0000-0003-3736-6439 FU Institute of Basic Sciences, Korea; Sino-German Center for Research Promotion [GZ 871]; Foundation for Polish Science [HOMING PLUS/2013-7/2]; German Excellence Initiative via the Cluster of Excellence "Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden" (CfAED) [EXC1056] FX The research was supported by the Institute of Basic Sciences, Korea, and the Sino-German Center for Research Promotion (Grants GZ 871). All are gratefully acknowledged. A.B. thanks the Foundation for Polish Science for the financial support within the frames of the Homing Plus Programme (Grant agreement HOMING PLUS/2013-7/2). I.I. thanks the German Excellence Initiative via the Cluster of Excellence EXC1056 "Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden" (CfAED). We also thank S. Avdoshenko for discussion and input to the underlying mechanisms. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 6 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 31 BP 17965 EP 17970 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b05167 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CO7IG UT WOS:000359332200052 ER PT J AU Bjaalie, L Verma, A Himmetoglu, B Janotti, A Raghavan, S Protasenko, V Steenbergen, EH Jena, D Stemmer, S Van de Walle, CG AF Bjaalie, L. Verma, A. Himmetoglu, B. Janotti, A. Raghavan, S. Protasenko, V. Steenbergen, E. H. Jena, D. Stemmer, S. Van de Walle, C. G. TI Determination of the Mott-Hubbard gap in GdTiO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RTIO3 PEROVSKITES; HYBRID; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; CHEMISTRY; SYSTEMS; SOLIDS; GD; SM; ND AB The band gaps of rare-earth titanates are commonly reported to be 0.2-0.7 eV. These values are based on optical reflectivity measurements, from which the onset of optical absorption is derived. Here we report experimental and theoretical results on GdTiO3 (GTO) indicating that the gap is significantly larger. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements show a strong peak near 1.8 eV, consistent with an observed onset in PL excitation (PLE) at about the same energy. First-principles calculations, based either on density-functional theory (DFT) with a hybrid functional or on DFT+U, consistently show that the gap is close to 2 eV. We also propose an interpretation of the previously reported optical absorption spectra. Given the similarities in electronic structure between the rare-earth titanates, our results for GTO have repercussions for the other members of the series. The results also affect the design of complex-oxide heterostructures involving these materials. C1 [Bjaalie, L.; Himmetoglu, B.; Janotti, A.; Raghavan, S.; Stemmer, S.; Van de Walle, C. G.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Verma, A.; Protasenko, V.; Jena, D.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, South Bend, IN USA. [Steenbergen, E. H.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Bjaalie, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Stemmer, Susanne/H-6555-2011 OI Stemmer, Susanne/0000-0002-3142-4696 FU MURI program of the Office of Naval Research [N00014-12-1-0976]; NSF MRSEC program [DMR-1121053]; MRL (NSF MRSEC) [DMR-1121053]; NSF [CNS-0960316, ACI-1053575] FX The authors would like to thank A. Alkauskas for useful discussions. This work was supported by the MURI program of the Office of Naval Research, Grant No. N00014-12-1-0976 and by the NSF MRSEC program (DMR-1121053). Computational resources were provided by the Center for Scientific Computing at the CNSI and MRL (an NSF MRSEC, DMR-1121053) (NSF CNS-0960316), and by the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), supported by NSF (ACI-1053575). NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 6 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 8 AR 085111 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.085111 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CO3HY UT WOS:000359048700006 ER PT J AU Jones, JG Goldstein, JT Smith, SR Landis, GR Grazulis, L Sun, LR Murphy, NR Kozlowski, G Jakubiak, R Stutza, CE AF Jones, John G. Goldstein, Jonathan T. Smith, Steven R. Landis, Gerald R. Grazulis, Lawrence Sun, Lirong Murphy, Neil R. Kozlowski, Gregory Jakubiak, Rachel Stutza, Charles E. TI Tunable stoichiometry of SiOx-BaTiOy-BOz fabricated by multitarget pulsed laser deposition SO JOURNAL OF NANOPHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE pulsed laser deposition; tunable stoichiometry; ellipsometry; multitarget ID TITANATE THIN-FILMS; BARIUM-TITANATE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CRYSTALLIZATION; CHALLENGES; HISTORY; PLD AB Oxide materials of desired stoichiometry are challenging to make in small quantities. Nanostructured thin films of multiple oxide materials were obtained by using pulsed laser deposition and multiple independent targets consisting of Si, BaTiO3, and B. Programmable stoichiometry of nanostructured thin films was achieved by synchronizing a 248-nm krypton fluoride excimer laser at an energy of 300 mJ/pulse, a galvanometer mirror system, and the three independent target materials with a background pressure of oxygen. Island growth occurred on a per pulse basis; some 500 pulses are required to deposit 1 nm of material. The number of pulses on each target was programmed with a high degree of precision. Trends in material properties were systematically identified by varying the stoichiometry of multiple nanostructured thin films and comparing the resulting measured using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry, capacitance measurements including relative permittivity and loss, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Films were deposited similar to 150 to 907 nm thickness, and in situ ellipsometry data were modeled to calculate thickness n and k. A representative atomic force microscopy measurement was also collected. EDS, ellipsometry, and capacitance measurements were all performed on each of the samples, with one sample having a calculated permittivity greater than 20,000 at 1 kHz. (C) 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Jones, John G.; Goldstein, Jonathan T.; Murphy, Neil R.; Jakubiak, Rachel; Stutza, Charles E.] AFRL RXAN, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Smith, Steven R.; Landis, Gerald R.; Grazulis, Lawrence] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Sun, Lirong] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Kozlowski, Gregory] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Jones, JG (reprint author), AFRL RXAN, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2179 12th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.jones.66@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for financial support. Gail Brown is thanked for spectroscopic measurements and constructive support and advice. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1934-2608 J9 J NANOPHOTONICS JI J. Nanophotonics PD AUG 5 PY 2015 VL 9 AR 093590 DI 10.1117/1.JNP.9.093590 PG 14 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA CP4EN UT WOS:000359834900001 ER PT J AU Slocik, JM Drummy, LF Dickerson, MB Crouse, CA Spowart, JE Naik, RR AF Slocik, Joseph M. Drummy, Lawrence F. Dickerson, Matthew B. Crouse, Christopher A. Spowart, Jonathan E. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Bioinspired High-Performance Energetic Materials Using Heme-Containing Crystals SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE aluminium; bioinspired materials; energetics; hemozoin; malaria ID BETA-HEMATIN; ALUMINUM NANOPARTICLES; HEMOZOIN FORMATION; COMBUSTION; REACTIVITY; PIGMENT; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOMATERIALS; NANOALUMINUM; OXIDATION C1 [Slocik, Joseph M.; Drummy, Lawrence F.; Dickerson, Matthew B.; Spowart, Jonathan E.; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Crouse, Christopher A.] Air Force Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office Scientific Research FX This work was funded by the Air Force Office Scientific Research. The authors thank Dr. Alexander Khramov (UES, Inc.) for assistance with high-speed video images of combustion events and Mr. Nicholas Garvin for technical assistance with reconstructing electron tomography data. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 23 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 EI 1613-6829 J9 SMALL JI Small PD AUG 5 PY 2015 VL 11 IS 29 BP 3539 EP 3544 DI 10.1002/smll.201403659 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CO2ZI UT WOS:000359025300004 PM 25940859 ER PT J AU Rino, CL Groves, KM Carrano, CS Gunter, JH Parris, RT AF Rino, Charles L. Groves, Keith M. Carrano, Charles S. Gunter, Jacob H. Parris, Richard T. TI Digital signal processing for ionospheric propagation diagnostics SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB For decades, analog beacon satellite receivers have generated multifrequency narrowband complex data streams that could be processed directly to extract total electron content (TEC) and scintillation diagnostics. With the advent of software-defined radio, modern digital receivers generate baseband complex data streams that require intermediate processing to extract the narrowband modulation imparted to the signal by ionospheric structure. This paper develops and demonstrates a processing algorithm for digital beacon satellite data that will extract TEC and scintillation components. For algorithm evaluation, a simulator was developed to generate noise-limited multifrequency complex digital signal realizations with representative orbital dynamics and propagation disturbances. A frequency-tracking procedure is used to capture the slowly changing frequency component. Dynamic demodulation against the low-frequency estimate captures the scintillation. The low-frequency reference can be used directly for dual-frequency TEC estimation. C1 [Rino, Charles L.; Groves, Keith M.; Carrano, Charles S.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Boston, MA 02467 USA. [Gunter, Jacob H.] Utah State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Parris, Richard T.] Air Force Res Lab, Ionospher Hazards Specificat & Forecast, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Rino, CL (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Boston, MA 02467 USA. EM crino@comcast.net FU Air Force contract [FA87-18-09-C-0041] FX This work was sponsored by the Air Force contract FA87-18-09-C-0041. All of the results shown in the paper are simulations. No actual data were used. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 IS 8 BP 837 EP 851 DI 10.1002/2014RS005625 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA CW6PG UT WOS:000365119100009 ER PT J AU Sutton, EK Thayer, JP Wang, WB Solomon, SC Liu, XJ Foster, BT AF Sutton, Eric K. Thayer, Jeffrey P. Wang, Wenbin Solomon, Stanley C. Liu, Xianjing Foster, Benjamin T. TI A self-consistent model of helium in the thermosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE winter helium bulge; thermospheric composition; thermosphere model; exospheric transport ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EARTHS UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; LATERAL TRANSPORT; EMPIRICAL-MODEL; AURORAL MODEL; SOLAR MINIMUM; CONSTITUENTS; IONOSPHERE; DYNAMICS AB We have found that consideration of neutral helium as a major species leads to a more complete physics-based modeling description of the Earth's upper thermosphere. An augmented version of the composition equation employed by the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamic General Circulation Model (TIE-GCM) is presented, enabling the inclusion of helium as the fourth major neutral constituent. Exospheric transport acting above the upper boundary of the model is considered, further improving the local time and latitudinal distributions of helium. The new model successfully simulates a previously observed phenomenon known as the winter helium bulge, yielding behavior very similar to that of an empirical model based on mass spectrometer observations. This inclusion has direct consequence on the study of atmospheric drag for low-Earth-orbiting satellites, as well as potential implications on exospheric and topside ionospheric research. C1 [Sutton, Eric K.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Environm Branch, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. [Thayer, Jeffrey P.; Liu, Xianjing] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wang, Wenbin; Solomon, Stanley C.; Foster, Benjamin T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Sutton, EK (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Environm Branch, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. EM eric.k.sutton@gmail.com RI Solomon, Stanley/J-4847-2012; Wang, Wenbin/G-2596-2013; THAYER, JEFFREY P./B-7264-2016; Sutton, Eric/A-1574-2016 OI Solomon, Stanley/0000-0002-5291-3034; Wang, Wenbin/0000-0002-6287-4542; THAYER, JEFFREY P./0000-0001-7127-8251; Sutton, Eric/0000-0003-1424-7189 FU AFOSR [LRIR 13RV09COR]; NASA [NNX10AQ52G, NNX10AE62G, NNX13AE15G, NNX10AQ59G]; National Science Foundation FX The authors gratefully acknowledge E.C. Ridley, whose detailed notes regarding the solution of helium as a minor species are maintained by A. Maute of NCAR/HAO. Model simulations and data used throughout this article are freely available by request from E.S. This work is supported by AFOSR grant LRIR 13RV09COR to the Air Force Research Laboratory, NASA grants NNX10AQ52G and NNX10AE62G to the University of Colorado, and NASA grants NNX13AE15G and NNX10AQ59G to the National Center for Atmospheric Research. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 120 IS 8 BP 6884 EP 6900 DI 10.1002/2015JA021223 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CS5NP UT WOS:000362125300062 ER PT J AU Lien, W Roberts, HW Plate, JA Vandewalle, KS Hill, TJ Chu, TMG AF Lien, Wen Roberts, Howard W. Plate, Jeffrey A. Vandewalle, Kraig S. Hill, Thomas J. Chu, Tien-Min G. TI Microstructural evolution and physical behavior of a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE IPS e.max (R) CAD; Lithium disilicate; Lithium metasilicate; Glass-ceramic; Nanoindentation; Microstructure; Phase transformation; Heating schedule; Temperature threshold; Differential scanning calorimetry; Nucleation; Crystallization ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; FLEXURAL STRENGTH; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; CRYSTALLIZATION; NUCLEATION; LEUCITE; RESISTANCE; KINETICS; HARDNESS; FAILURE AB Background. Elucidating the microstructural responses of the lithium disilicate system like the popular IPS e.max (R) CAD (LS2), made specifically for computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM), as a temperature-dependent system unravels new ways to enhance material properties and performance. Objective. To study the effect of various thermal processing on the crystallization kinetics, crystallite microstructure, and strength of LS2. Methods. The control group of the LS2 samples was heated using the standard manufacturer heating-schedule. Two experimental groups were tested: (1) an extended temperature range (750-840 degrees C vs. 820-840 degrees C) at the segment of 30 degrees C/min heating rate, and (2) a protracted holding time (14 min vs. 7 min) at the isothermal temperature of 840 degrees C. Five other groups of different heating schedules with lower-targeted temperatures were evaluated to investigate the microstructural changes. For each group, the crystalline phases and morphologies were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to determine the activation energy of LS2 under non-isothermal conditions. A universal testing machine was used to measure 3-point flexural strength and fracture toughness, and elastic modulus and hardness were measured by a nanoindenter. A one-way ANOVA/Tukey was performed per property (alpha = 0.05). Results. DSC, XRD, and SEM revealed three distinct microstructures during LS2 crystallization. Significant differences were found between the control group, the two aforementioned experimental groups, and the five lower-targeted-temperature groups per property (p < 0.05). The activation energy for lithium disilicate growth was 667 (+/- 29.0) kJ/mol. Conclusions. Groups with the extended temperature range (750-840 degrees C) and protracted holding time (820-840 degrees C H14) produced significantly higher elastic-modulus and hardness properties than the control group but showed similar flexural-strength and fracture-toughness properties with the control group. In general, rapid growth of lithium disilicates occurred only when maximum formation of lithium metasilicates had ended. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials. C1 [Lien, Wen] US Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lien, Wen; Plate, Jeffrey A.; Chu, Tien-Min G.] Indiana Univ, Sch Dent, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Roberts, Howard W.] US Air Force, Keesler AFB, MS USA. [Vandewalle, Kraig S.] US Air Force, Joint Base San Antonio, TX USA. [Hill, Thomas J.] Ivoclar Vivadent, Amherst, NY USA. RP Lien, W (reprint author), US Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM wenlien2003@yahoo.com FU Dental Master's Thesis Award Grant from the Delta Dental Foundation FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Angela Campbell and Dr. Gregory Ehlert at the United States Air Force Research Laboratory and Dr. Tao You and Dr. Todd Lincoln at the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research for their help and support. Also, special thanks goes to Dr. Shashikant Singhal at Ivoclar Vivadent (Schann, Liechtenstein) for supplying the IPS e.max (R) CAD blocs. This research was partially funded by the Dental Master's Thesis Award Grant from the Delta Dental Foundation. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 EI 1879-0097 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 31 IS 8 BP 928 EP 940 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2015.05.003 PG 13 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA CS1QM UT WOS:000361842600011 PM 26076831 ER PT J AU Wu, JB Liou, JH Shu, CY Patel, Y Menon, R Santucci, C Iacono, ST Smith, DW Novak, BM AF Wu, Jingbo Liou, Jau-Hung Shu, Charles Y. Patel, Yash Menon, Remya Santucci, Cara Iacono, Scott T. Smith, Dennis W., Jr. Novak, Bruce M. TI Facile method towards functionalization of partially fluorinated polyarylethers via sequential post-polymerization modification SO REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Fluoropolymers; Post-functionalization; Polymer synthesis; Thermoplastic; Advanced materials ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; THIOL-ENE CLICK; POSTPOLYMERIZATION MODIFICATION; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; ETHER POLYMERS; CROSS-LINKING; MODULAR SYNTHESIS; FUEL-CELL; MEMBRANES; ACID AB A novel partially fluorinated arylene vinylene ether (FAVE) polymer containing ester groups was synthesized, which was used to prepare three reactive FAVE polymers containing carboxylic acid groups, alcohol groups, and acid chloride groups, respectively. Post-polymerization modifications of the FAVE polymer's carboxylic acid groups (via a DCC coupling procedure with the desired alcohol), alcohol groups (via DCC coupling or an acid chloride esterification procedure with the desired carboxylic acid or acid chloride), and acid chloride groups (via an optimized nucleophilic substitution reaction with the desired alcohol or amine) were successfully performed. Several examples have been successfully prepared to demonstrate the versatility of these developed modification methods. FAVE polymers have been prepared with NHS active ester groups, Disperse Red 1 chromophores, benzyl bromide groups, aryl trifluorovinyl ether groups, ATRP initiator groups, vinyl groups, propargyl groups, Disperse Orange 3 chromophores, and benzaldehyde groups. In most cases, analytical data are consistent with a quantitative conversion of the reactive or functional groups. It is demonstrated that no degradation of the FAVE polymer matrix occurs after multistep post-polymerization modification reactions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wu, Jingbo; Liou, Jau-Hung; Shu, Charles Y.; Santucci, Cara; Smith, Dennis W., Jr.; Novak, Bruce M.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Chem, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Wu, Jingbo; Liou, Jau-Hung; Shu, Charles Y.; Santucci, Cara; Smith, Dennis W., Jr.; Novak, Bruce M.] Univ Texas Dallas, Alan G MacDiarmid NanoTech Inst, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Patel, Yash] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Menon, Remya] Greenhill Sch, Addison, TX 75001 USA. [Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Wu, JB (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Chem, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM wjbsioc2013@gmail.com; scott.iacono@usafa.edu RI Wu, Jingbo/E-6305-2017 FU Intel Corporation; Welch Foundation [AT-0041]; National Science Foundation through Center for Energy Harvesting Materials and Systems (NSF-I/UCRC) [1035024]; NMR facility of chemistry department (NSF) [CHE-1126177]; University of Texas at Dallas; Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute FX The authors wish to thank the Intel Corporation, the Welch Foundation (Grant AT-0041), the Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, the National Science Foundation through the Center for Energy Harvesting Materials and Systems (NSF-I/UCRC, Grant 1035024), the NMR facility of chemistry department (NSF, Grant CHE-1126177) and the University of Texas at Dallas for their support. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-5148 EI 1873-166X J9 REACT FUNCT POLYM JI React. Funct. Polym. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 93 BP 38 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2015.05.010 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Engineering; Polymer Science GA CQ8OY UT WOS:000360869200006 ER PT J AU Harris, JR Jensen, KL Shiffler, DA AF Harris, J. R. Jensen, K. L. Shiffler, D. A. TI Dependence of optimal spacing on applied field in ungated field emitter arrays SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; VACUUM MICROELECTRONICS; MICROWAVE-AMPLIFIERS; EMISSION PROPERTIES; CATHODES; FILMS; CONES AB In ungated field emitter arrays, the field enhancement factor beta of each emitter tip is reduced below the value it would have in isolation due to the presence of adjacent emitters, an effect known as shielding or screening. Reducing the distance b between emitters increases the density of emission sites, but also reduces the emission per site, leading to the existence of an optimal spacing that maximizes the array current. Most researchers have identified that this optimal spacing is comparable to the emitter height h, although there is disagreement about the exact optimization. Here, we develop a procedure to determine the dependence of this optimal spacing on the applied electric field. It is shown that the nature of this dependence is governed by the shape of the beta(b) curve, and that for typical curves, the optimal value of the emitter spacing b decreases as the applied field increases. (C) 2015 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Harris, J. R.] US Navy Reserve, Navy Operat Support Ctr New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70143 USA. [Jensen, K. L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shiffler, D. A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Harris, JR (reprint author), US Navy Reserve, Navy Operat Support Ctr New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70143 USA. OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 FU Office of Naval Research Reserve Component Joint ST Focus Area; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support they have received from the Office of Naval Research Reserve Component Joint S&T Focus Area (JRH) and from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (KLJ), without which this work would not have been possible. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 5 IS 8 AR 087182 DI 10.1063/1.4929983 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CQ5OW UT WOS:000360655900091 ER PT J AU Fendel, P Ganguly, BN Bletzinger, P AF Fendel, Peter Ganguly, Biswa N. Bletzinger, Peter TI Measurement and modeling of electric field and space-charge distributions in obstructed helium discharge SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID GLOW-DISCHARGE; LOW-PRESSURE; BREAKDOWN AB Axial and radial variations of electric field have been measured in dielectric shielded 0.025m diameter parallel plate electrode with 0.0065m gap for 1.6 mA, 2260V helium dc discharge at 1.75 Torr. The axial and radial electric field profiles have been measured from the Stark splitting of 2(1)S -> 11 P-1 transition through collision induced fluorescence from 4(3)D -> 2(3)P. The electric field values showed a strong radial variation peaking to 500 kV/m near the cathode radial boundary, and decreasing to about 100 kV/m near the anode edge, suggesting the formation of an obstructed discharge for this low nd condition, where n is the gas density and d is the gap distance. The off-axis Stark spectra showed that the electric field vector deviates from normal to the cathode surface which permits longer path electron trajectories in the inter-electrode gap. Also, the on-axis electric field gradient was very small and off-axis electric field gradient was large indicating a radially non-uniform current density. In order to obtain information about the space charge distribution in this obstructed discharge, it was modeled using the 2-d axisymmetric Poisson solver with the COMSOL finite element modeling program. The best fit to the measured electric field distribution was obtained with a space charge variation of rho(r) = rho(0)(r/r(0))(3), where rho(r) is the local space charge density, rho(0) = 6 x 10(-3) Coulomb/m(3), r is the local radial value, and r(0) is the radius of the electrode. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Fendel, Peter] Thorlabs, Newton, NJ 07860 USA. [Ganguly, Biswa N.; Bletzinger, Peter] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fendel, P (reprint author), Thorlabs, 56 Sparta Ave, Newton, NJ 07860 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We wish to thank Dr. Alan Garscadden for his comments on this manuscript. This work was supported by funding provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Jason Marshall, Program Manager). NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2015 VL 22 IS 8 AR 083503 DI 10.1063/1.4928114 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CQ5MD UT WOS:000360647600087 ER PT J AU Simon, DH Lau, YY Greening, G Wong, P Hoff, BW Gilgenbach, RM AF Simon, D. H. Lau, Y. Y. Greening, G. Wong, P. Hoff, B. W. Gilgenbach, R. M. TI Stability of Brillouin flow in planar, conventional, and inverted magnetrons SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID NONNEUTRAL ELECTRON FLOW; EQUILIBRIUM AB The Brillouin flow is the prevalent flow in crossed-field devices. We systematically study its stability in the conventional, planar, and inverted magnetron geometry. To investigate the intrinsic negative mass effect in Brillouin flow, we consider electrostatic modes in a nonrelativistic, smooth bore magnetron. We found that the Brillouin flow in the inverted magnetron is more unstable than that in a planar magnetron, which in turn is more unstable than that in the conventional magnetron. Thus, oscillations in the inverted magnetron may startup faster than the conventional magnetron. This result is consistent with simulations, and with the negative mass property in the inverted magnetron configuration. Inclusion of relativistic effects and electromagnetic effects does not qualitatively change these conclusions. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Simon, D. H.; Lau, Y. Y.; Greening, G.; Wong, P.; Gilgenbach, R. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hoff, B. W.] Kirtland AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Simon, DH (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Simon, David/L-8446-2016 OI Simon, David/0000-0001-8666-995X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-10-1-0104, FA9550-15-1-0097]; Office of Naval Research Award [N00014-13-1-0566]; L-3 Communications Electron Device Division FX This work was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research Award Nos. FA9550-10-1-0104 and FA9550-15-1-0097, Office of Naval Research Award No. N00014-13-1-0566, and L-3 Communications Electron Device Division. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2015 VL 22 IS 8 AR 082104 DI 10.1063/1.4927798 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CQ5MD UT WOS:000360647600008 ER PT J AU Melko, JJ Ard, SG Shuman, NS Pedder, RE Taormina, CR Viggiano, AA AF Melko, Joshua J. Ard, Shaun G. Shuman, Nicholas S. Pedder, Randall E. Taormina, Christopher R. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Coupling an electrospray source and a solids probe/chemical ionization source to a selected ion flow tube apparatus SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT KINETICS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ENERGY; REACTIVITY; CHEMISTRY; FEO+; PERIODICITIES; EXCHANGE; DENSITY; FE+ AB A new ion source region has been constructed and attached to a variable temperature selected ion flow tube. The source features the capabilities of electron impact, chemical ionization, a solids probe, and electrospray ionization. The performance of the instrument is demonstrated through a series of reactions from ions created in each of the new source regions. The chemical ionization source is able to create H3O+, but not as efficiently as similar sources with larger apertures. The ability of this source to support a solids probe, however, greatly expands our capabilities. A variety of rhenium cations and dications are created from the solids probe in sufficient abundance to study in the flow tube. The reaction of Re+ with O-2 proceeds with a rate constant that agrees with the literature measurements, while the reaction of Re-2(2+) is found to charge transfer with O-2 at about 60% of the collision rate; we have also performed calculations that support the charge transfer pathway. The electrospray source is used to create Ba+, which is reacted with N2O to create BaO+, and we find a rate constant that agrees with the literature. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Melko, Joshua J.; Ard, Shaun G.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Pedder, Randall E.; Taormina, Christopher R.] Ardara Technol LP, Ardara, PA 15615 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil OI Melko, Joshua/0000-0002-4717-2198 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; Institute for Scientific Research at Boston College FX We are grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Project No. AFOSR-2303EP. J.J.M. and S.G.A. acknowledge support from the Institute for Scientific Research at Boston College. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 86 IS 8 AR 084101 DI 10.1063/1.4927716 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CQ5MN UT WOS:000360648800043 PM 26329209 ER PT J AU Zhdanov, BV Venus, G Smirnov, V Glebov, L Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, B. V. Venus, G. Smirnov, V. Glebov, L. Knize, R. J. TI Continuous wave Cs diode pumped alkali laser pumped by single emitter narrowband laser diode SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID VOLUME BRAGG GRATINGS; CESIUM VAPOR LASER AB This paper presents results of cooperative efforts on development of a continuous wave Cs diode pumped alkali laser with moderate output power, which can be considered as a prototype of the commercial device. The developed system operates at 895 nm with output power about 4 W and slope efficiency 28%. Measured turn on time of this system from the standby mode is about a minute. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Zhdanov, B. V.; Knize, R. J.] US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Venus, G.; Glebov, L.] Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Coll Opt & Photon, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Smirnov, V.] OptiGrate Corp, Oviedo, FL 32765 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. FU High Energy Lasers Joint Technology Office (HEL JTO) FX We acknowledge support of the High Energy Lasers Joint Technology Office (HEL JTO) who funded this research project. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 86 IS 8 AR 083104 DI 10.1063/1.4926883 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CQ5MN UT WOS:000360648800005 PM 26329171 ER PT J AU Gibson, GR Campbell, JB Zipper, CE AF Gibson, Glen R. Campbell, James B. Zipper, Carl E. TI Sociopolitical influences on cropland area change in Iraq, 2001-2012 SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Agriculture; Cultivation; Food imports; Land use/land cover change; MODIS ID LANDSAT TM IMAGES; KURDISTAN; MARSHES AB Iraq has experienced significant agricultural land use changes throughout its history, including recent changes initiated by the 2003 US-led military invasion, the end of United Nations' economic sanctions and the onset of overt domestic conflict. Conflict and sociopolitical forces are important drivers of land use/land cover change and often have disproportionate impacts on agricultural systems. However, there has been little research to investigate recent changes in agricultural land use/land cover in Iraq over the recent tumultuous period that has included war and the transition of its political system from a dictatorship to an emerging but beleaguered democracy. Our objectives were to (1) determine if cropland area in Iraq changed significantly between 2001 and 2012, (2) identify regional patterns of cropland area change, and (3) identify sociopolitical forces driving those changes. We used MODIS Land Cover Product yearly data to quantify the amount of land cover dedicated to croplands. We regressed cropland area (ha) on time (2001, 2002, 2003,...) and years with drought influence (yes, no). The results revealed significant changes in cropland area for Iraq as a whole, with cropland area decreasing over 30,000 ha per year. Regionally, there were significant decreases in the Kurdish Autonomous Region and central Iraq, and initial increases in the southern marshlands followed by decreases related to drought. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gibson, Glen R.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Econ & Geosci, Usafa, CO 80840 USA. [Campbell, James B.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geog, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zipper, Carl E.] Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Gibson, GR (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Econ & Geosci, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6K118, Usafa, CO 80840 USA. EM ggibson@vt.edu; jayhawk@vt.edu; czip@vt.edu NR 45 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 EI 1873-7730 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 62 BP 339 EP 346 DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.05.007 PG 8 WC Geography SC Geography GA CQ2HD UT WOS:000360419800032 ER PT J AU Miller, JD Dedic, CE Meyer, TR AF Miller, Joseph D. Dedic, Chloe E. Meyer, Terrence R. TI Vibrational femtosecond/picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering with enhanced temperature sensitivity for flame thermometry from 300 to 2400K SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the 13th European Conference on Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy (ECNOS) / 33rd European CARS Workshop (ECW) CY MAY 11-14, 2014 CL Dole, FRANCE DE coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering; ultrafast spectroscopy; combustion diagnostics; thermometry ID GAS-PHASE THERMOMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY; CARS; SUPPRESSION; MOLECULES; PROBE; KHZ AB Hybrid femtosecond/picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (fs/ps CARS) of N-2 has recently been demonstrated for gas-phase thermometry in reacting flows, enabling frequency-domain detection at high repetition rates with excellent chemical specificity and independence from the effects of collisions and nonresonant background. In this work, we overcome the limited sensitivity of vibrational fs/ps CARS thermometry of N-2 below 1200K by spectrally resolving J-dependent rovibrational coherence revivals that occur 32ps after initial excitation. The N-2 rovibrational coherence is excited using broadband, 100-fs pump and Stokes pulses and probed as a function of time using a narrowband, 5.8-ps probe pulse (bandwidth of 2.5cm(-1)). The rovibrational features exhibit sufficient temperature sensitivity below 1200K for accurate thermometry using a simple, time-dependent phenomenological model. Specifically, three distinct spectral features at a single probe delay of 32.5ps are analyzed, corresponding to rovibrational revivals with mean rotational quantum numbers of < J >=3.5, 14, and 28. Good agreement is found between simulated and measured fs/ps CARS spectra in an adiabatic flat-flame burner from 298 to 2400K. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Miller, Joseph D.] Aerosp Syst Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Miller, Joseph D.; Dedic, Chloe E.; Meyer, Terrence R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA USA. RP Miller, JD (reprint author), Aerosp Syst Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM joseph.miller.35@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation Early Career program [CBET-1056006]; National Research Council Research Associate Program; National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship Program FX Funding was provided, in part, by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr Chiping Li, Program Manager) and the National Science Foundation Early Career program under Contract No. CBET-1056006. The authors also thank Dr J. Gord of the Air Force Research Laboratory and Drs H. Stauffer and S. Roy of Spectral Energies, LLC for the ongoing technical discussions. J. Miller acknowledges the funding from the National Research Council Research Associate Program. C. Dedic was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship Program. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0377-0486 EI 1097-4555 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 46 IS 8 SI SI BP 702 EP 707 DI 10.1002/jrs.4725 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA CQ0WV UT WOS:000360319400006 ER PT J AU Youn, J Vegiraju, S Emery, JD Leever, BJ Kewalramani, S Lou, SJ Zhang, SM Prabakaran, K Ezhumalai, Y Kim, C Huang, PY Stern, C Chang, WC Bedzyk, MJ Chen, LX Chen, MC Facchetti, A Marks, TJ AF Youn, Jangdae Vegiraju, Sureshraju Emery, Jonathan D. Leever, Benjamin J. Kewalramani, Sumit Lou, Silvia J. Zhang, Shiming Prabakaran, Kumaresan Ezhumalai, Yamuna Kim, Choongik Huang, Peng-Yi Stern, Charlotte Chang, Wen-Chung Bedzyk, Michael J. Chen, Lin X. Chen, Ming-Chou Facchetti, Antonio Marks, Tobin J. TI Diperfluorophenyl Fused Thiophene Semiconductors for n-Type Organic Thin Film Transistors (OTFTs) SO ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; POLYMER BLEND SEMICONDUCTORS; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; HIGH-MOBILITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCES; CHANNEL SEMICONDUCTORS; NAPHTHALENE-DIIMIDE AB Three new fused thiophene semiconductors, end-capped with diperfluorophenylthien-2-yl (DFPT) groups (DFPT-thieno[2', 3': 4,5]thieno[3,2-b] thieno[2,3-d]thiophene (TTA), DFPT-dithieno[2,3-b : 3', 2'-d]thiophenes (DTT), and DFPT-thieno[ 3,2-b]thiophene (TT)), are synthesized and characterized in organic thin film transistors. Good environmental stability of the newly developed materials is demonstrated via thermal analysis as well as degradation tests under white light. The molecular structures of all three perfluorophenylthien-2-yl end-functionalized derivatives are determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. DFPT-TTA and DFPT-TT exhibit good n-type TFT performance, with mobilities up to 0.43 and 0.33 cm(2) V-1 s(-1), respectively. These are among the best performing n-type materials of all fused thiophenes reported to date. The best thin film transistor device performance is achieved via an n-octadecyltrichlorosilane dielectric surface treatment on the thermally grown Si/SiO2 substrates prior to vapor-phase semiconductor deposition. Within the DFPT series, carrier mobility magnitudes depend strongly on the semiconductor growth conditions and the gate dielectric surface treatment. C1 [Youn, Jangdae; Lou, Silvia J.; Zhang, Shiming; Stern, Charlotte; Chen, Lin X.; Facchetti, Antonio; Marks, Tobin J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Youn, Jangdae; Lou, Silvia J.; Zhang, Shiming; Stern, Charlotte; Chen, Lin X.; Facchetti, Antonio; Marks, Tobin J.] Northwestern Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Vegiraju, Sureshraju; Prabakaran, Kumaresan; Ezhumalai, Yamuna; Huang, Peng-Yi; Chang, Wen-Chung; Chen, Ming-Chou] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Jhongli 320, Taiwan. [Emery, Jonathan D.; Leever, Benjamin J.; Kewalramani, Sumit; Bedzyk, Michael J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Leever, Benjamin J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kim, Choongik] Sogang Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Seoul 121742, South Korea. RP Kim, C (reprint author), Sogang Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, 1 Shinsoo Dong, Seoul 121742, South Korea. EM choongik@sogang.ac.kr; bedzyk@northwestern.edu; l-chen@northwestern.edu; mcchen@ncu.edu.tw; a-facchetti@northwestern.edu; t-marks@northwestern.edu RI Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009 FU NSF MRSEC program at the Materials Research Center of Northwestern U. [DMR-1121262]; AFOSR [FA9550-08-1-0331]; National Science Council, Taiwan, Republic of China [NSC102-2923-M-008-004-MY2, MOST 103-2113-M-008-004]; Basic Science Research Program through National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning [NRF-2014R1A1A1A05002158]; Center for Advanced Soft Electronics under Global Frontier Research Program of the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning [2013M3A6A5073175]; U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX J.Y. and S.V. contributed equally to this work. This research was supported by the NSF MRSEC program (Grant No. DMR-1121262) at the Materials Research Center of Northwestern U., by AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-08-1-0331, by the National Science Council, Taiwan, Republic of China (Grant Nos. NSC102-2923-M-008-004-MY2 and MOST 103-2113-M-008-004), and by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (NRF-2014R1A1A1A05002158) and by the Center for Advanced Soft Electronics under the Global Frontier Research Program of the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (Code No. 2013M3A6A5073175). Use of the Advanced Photon Source, 33BM-C, was supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This work made use of the J. B. Cohen X-ray Diffraction Facility. NR 94 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2199-160X J9 ADV ELECTRON MATER JI Adv. Electron. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 1 IS 8 AR 1500098 DI 10.1002/aelm.201500098 PG 16 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CP4SK UT WOS:000359872700007 ER PT J AU Allen, KW Farahi, N Li, YC Limberopoulos, NI Walker, DE Urbas, AM Liberman, V Astratov, VN AF Allen, Kenneth W. Farahi, Navid Li, Yangcheng Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Walker, Dennis E., Jr. Urbas, Augustine M. Liberman, Vladimir Astratov, Vasily N. TI Super-resolution microscopy by movable thin-films with embedded microspheres: Resolution analysis SO ANNALEN DER PHYSIK LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC MICROSPHERE; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE; PHOTONIC JETS; LIGHT; FABRICATION; NANOSCOPE; NANOJET; GOLD; PDMS AB Microsphere-assisted imaging has emerged as an extraordinary simple technique of obtaining optical super-resolution. This work addresses two central problems in developing this technology: i) methodology of the resolution measurements and ii) limited field-of-view provided by each sphere. It is suggested that a standard method of resolution analysis in far-field microscopy based on convolution with the point-spread function can be extended into the super-resolution area. This allows developing a unified approach to resolution measurements, which can be used for comparing results obtained by different techniques. To develop the surface scanning functionality, the high-index (n approximate to 2) barium titanate glass microspheres were embedded in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) thin-films. It is shown that such films adhere to the surface of nanoplasmonic structures so that the tips of embedded spheres experience the objects' optical near-fields. Based on rigorous criteria, the resolution approximate to/6-/7 (where is the illumination wavelength) is demonstrated for arrays of Au dimers and bowties. Such films can be translated along the surface of investigated samples after liquid lubrication. It is shown that just after lubrication the resolution is diffraction limited, however the super-resolution gradually recovers as the lubricant evaporates. C1 [Allen, Kenneth W.; Farahi, Navid; Li, Yangcheng; Astratov, Vasily N.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Allen, Kenneth W.; Farahi, Navid; Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Walker, Dennis E., Jr.; Astratov, Vasily N.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Urbas, Augustine M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Liberman, Vladimir] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Astratov, VN (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM kenneth.w.allen.jr@gmail.com; astratov@uncc.edu FU U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-09-1-0450]; DURIP [W911NF-11-1-0406, W911NF-12-1-0538]; Center for Metamaterials, an NSF I/U CRC [1068050]; Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYD, AFRL/RXD) through the AMMTIAC; Alion Science and Technology; UES, Inc.; Department of the Air Force under Air Force Contract [FA8721-05-C-0002] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from U.S. Army Research Office through Dr. J. T. Prater under Contract No. W911NF-09-1-0450 and DURIP W911NF-11-1-0406 and W911NF-12-1-0538. This work was also supported by Center for Metamaterials, an NSF I/U CRC, Award No. 1068050. Also, this work was sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYD, AFRL/RXD) through the AMMTIAC contract with Alion Science and Technology and the MCF II contract with UES, Inc. The Lincoln Laboratory portion of this work was sponsored by the Department of the Air Force under Air Force Contract #FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, recommendations and conclusions are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 11 U2 35 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0003-3804 EI 1521-3889 J9 ANN PHYS-BERLIN JI Ann. Phys.-Berlin PD AUG PY 2015 VL 527 IS 7-8 BP 513 EP 522 DI 10.1002/andp.201500194 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CP5GW UT WOS:000359910300009 ER PT J AU Grier, B Figliola, R Alyanak, E Camberos, J AF Grier, Benjamin Figliola, Richard Alyanak, Edward Camberos, Jose TI Discontinuous Solutions Using the Method of Manufactured Solutions on Finite Volume Solvers SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; RIEMANN SOLVER; SOURCE TERMS; CONVERGENCE; SCHEMES AB When applying the method of manufactured solutions on computational fluid dynamic software, it is a requirement that all solutions be continuous on the computational domain. This stipulation is limiting for the verification and validation of numerical solutions where discontinuities are frequent. In an effort to adapt the standard method of manufactured solutions procedure, we propose a piecewise approach for modeling solutions with discontinuities. Linearly and quadratically exact transformations are used for determining the exact solutions and source terms for cells split by discontinuities. Upwind manufactured solutions are initialized and a least squares fit is used to solve for solutions downwind of the discontinuity such that the Rankine-Hugoniot conditions are satisfied. The codes used throughout this research are finite volume, 1st and 2nd order, inviscid schemes combined with uniform structured grids. This study shows that a modified method of manufactured solutions procedure can be performed with fully general discontinuous solutions yielding 1st order convergences typically associated with shocks. C1 [Grier, Benjamin; Figliola, Richard] Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Alyanak, Edward; Camberos, Jose] US Air Force Res Lab, Multidisciplinary Sci & Technol Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Figliola, R (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM bengrier@gmail.com; fgliola@clemson.edu; Edward.Alyanak@wpafb.af.mil; Jose.camberos@wpafb.af.mil NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 53 IS 8 BP 2369 EP 2378 DI 10.2514/1.J053725 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CO7BX UT WOS:000359313600023 ER PT J AU Schuren, JC Shade, PA Bernier, JV Li, SF Blank, B Lind, J Kenesei, P Lienert, U Suter, RM Turner, TJ Dimiduk, DM Almer, J AF Schuren, Jay C. Shade, Paul A. Bernier, Joel V. Li, Shiu Fai Blank, Basil Lind, Jonathan Kenesei, Peter Lienert, Ulrich Suter, Robert M. Turner, Todd J. Dimiduk, Dennis M. Almer, Jonathan TI New opportunities for quantitative tracking of polycrystal responses in three dimensions SO CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE HEDM; Synchrotron radiation; X-ray diffraction; Polycrystalline materials; Microstructure; Plastic deformation; 3D characterization ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; LATTICE STRAIN-MEASUREMENTS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; ORIENTATION; MICROSCOPY; FRACTURE; FATIGUE; UNCERTAINTY; TOMOGRAPHY AB An important advance in understanding the mechanics of solids over the last 50 years has been development of a suite of models that describe the performance of engineering materials while accounting for internal fluctuations and anisotropies (ex., anisotropic response of grains) over a hierarchy of length scales. Only limited engineering adoption of these tools has occurred, however, because of the lack of measured material responses at the length scales where the models are cast. Here, we demonstrate an integrated experimental capability utilizing high energy X-rays that provides an in situ, micrometer-scale probe for tracking evolving microstructure and intergranular stresses during quasi-static mechanical testing. We present first-of-a-kind results that show an unexpected evolution of the intergranular stresses in a titanium alloy undergoing creep deformation. We also discuss the expectation of new discoveries regarding the underlying mechanisms of strength and damage resistance afforded by this rapidly developing X-ray microscopy technique. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schuren, Jay C.; Shade, Paul A.; Turner, Todd J.; Dimiduk, Dennis M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bernier, Joel V.; Li, Shiu Fai; Lind, Jonathan] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Engn Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Blank, Basil] PulseRay, Beaver Dams, NY 14812 USA. [Kenesei, Peter; Almer, Jonathan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lienert, Ulrich] DESY Petra III, Hamburg, Germany. [Lind, Jonathan; Suter, Robert M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Shade, PA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM paul.shade.1@us.af.mil RI Shade, Paul/H-6459-2011; Suter, Robert/P-2541-2014 OI Suter, Robert/0000-0002-0651-0437 FU Materials & Manufacturing Directorate of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory; U.S. DOE [DEAC02-06CH11357] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Adam Pilchak (Air Force Research Laboratory) for providing the Ti-7Al material examined in this study, Dr. Chris Woodward (Air Force Research Laboratory) for help securing the computational resources required for the data reduction, Dr. Andrew Rosenberger (Air Force Research Laboratory) for providing reference mechanical test data, Professor Armand Beaudoin (University of Illinois) and Professor Matt Miller (Cornell University) for useful discussions, and Ali Mashayekhi (Advanced Photon Source), Erika Benda (Advanced Photon Source), and Kurt Goetze (Advanced Photon Source) for help with the experimental setup. The authors acknowledge support from the Materials & Manufacturing Directorate of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DEAC02-06CH11357. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 8 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-0286 EI 1879-0348 J9 CURR OPIN SOLID ST M JI Curr. Opin. Solid State Mat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 19 IS 4 SI SI BP 235 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.cossms.2014.11.003 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA CO9MJ UT WOS:000359499600005 ER PT J AU Lawrance, JE Christodoulou, CG Taha, MR AF Lawrance, Julie E. Christodoulou, Christos G. Taha, Mahmoud Reda TI A High-Power Microwave Zoom Antenna With Metal-Plate Lenses SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE High-power microwave zoom antenna; metal-plate lenses; parallel-plate waveguide lenses; zoom antennas ID CONDUCTIVITY AB Metal-plate lens antennas were designed and constructed for a high-power microwave zoom antenna concept comprising a pyramidal horn feed antenna and two metal-plate lenses. Good agreement was found between experiment and simulation. This antenna provides true zoom capability with continuously variable collimated beam output, approximately 10% bandwidth, and very high power-handling capability. It can be designed to operate at any frequency in the range of about 100 MHz to 10 GHz. It was found that nano-modified carbon fiber composites could be used instead of metal plates in these lenses; these composites would reduce the weight of the lens significantly and would help to mitigate possible spurious TM modes induced in the lens when it is in the near-field of the feed horn antenna. C1 [Lawrance, Julie E.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. [Christodoulou, Christos G.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Taha, Mahmoud Reda] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Lawrance, JE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. EM christos@unm.edu; mrtaha@unm.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 63 IS 8 BP 3380 EP 3389 DI 10.1109/TAP.2015.2435037 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CO6EY UT WOS:000359251200006 ER PT J AU Blackwell, DD Cothran, CD Walker, DN Tejero, EM Gatling, GR Enloe, CL Amatucci, WE AF Blackwell, David D. Cothran, Christopher D. Walker, David N. Tejero, Erik M. Gatling, George R. Enloe, C. Lon Amatucci, W. E. TI Advances in Impedance Probe Applications and Design in the NRL Space Physics Simulation Chamber SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE plasma diagnostics; plasma measurements ID IONOSPHERIC ELECTRON-DENSITY; PLASMA RESONANCE PROBE; ENERGY-ABSORPTION; SHEATH AB Impedance probe measurements are made at ionospheric (F-region) plasma conditions (n(e) approximate to 10(4)-10(6) cm(-3) and lambda(D) approximate to 1-10 cm) created in the Space Physics Simulation Chamber at the Naval Research Laboratory. Measurements of probe-plasma impedance are used to provide comparative data and identify possible problems, with the goal of developing flight-capable diagnostics for sounding rocket experiments. The ability of the diagnostic technique to infer electron density and plasma potential in an ionospheric plasma is demonstrated with laboratory measurements. In addition, preliminary data from prototype instruments built in our laboratory are presented. C1 [Blackwell, David D.; Tejero, Erik M.; Gatling, George R.; Amatucci, W. E.] US Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cothran, Christopher D.; Walker, David N.] Sotera Def Solut Inc, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. [Enloe, C. Lon] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80920 USA. RP Blackwell, DD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM davidb@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; christopher.cothran.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; dave.walker.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; erik.tejero@nrl.navy.mil; george.gatling@nrl.navy.mil; lon.enloe@usafa.edu; bill.amatucci@nrl.navy.mil FU Naval Research Laboratory Base Program FX This work was supported by the Naval Research Laboratory Base Program. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 43 IS 8 SI SI BP 2649 EP 2657 DI 10.1109/TPS.2015.2450024 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CP0DR UT WOS:000359546500050 ER PT J AU Qin, JQ Pasko, VP Celestin, S Cummer, SA McHarg, MG Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC AF Qin, Jianqi Pasko, Victor P. Celestin, Sebastien Cummer, Steven A. McHarg, Matthew G. Stenbaek-Nielsen, Hans C. TI Effects of Phosphor Persistence on High-Speed Imaging of Transient Luminous Events SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Deconvolution; high-speed imaging; phosphor persistence; plasma discharges; sprite streamers; transient luminous events ID SPRITE; INTENSIFIERS; IONOSPHERE; INITIATION AB High-speed intensified cameras are commonly used to observe and study the transient luminous events known as sprite halos and sprite streamers occurring in the Earth's upper atmosphere in association with thunderstorm activity. In such observations, the phosphor persistence in the image intensifier, depending on its characteristic decay time, might lead to a significant distortion of the optical signals recorded by those cameras. In this paper, we analyze the observational data obtained using different camera systems to discuss the effects of phosphor persistence on high-speed video observations of sprites, and introduce a deconvolution technique to effectively reduce such effects. The discussed technique could also be used to enhance the high-speed images of other transient optical phenomena in the case when the phosphor persistence has a characteristic decay time that is comparable with the temporal resolution of the cameras required to resolve the phenomena. C1 [Qin, Jianqi; Pasko, Victor P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. [Celestin, Sebastien] Univ Orleans, CNRS, Lab Phys & Chem Environm & Space, F-45100 Orleans, France. [Cummer, Steven A.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [McHarg, Matthew G.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, El Paso Cty, CO 80840 USA. [Stenbaek-Nielsen, Hans C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Qin, JQ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. EM juq108@psu.edu; vpasko@psu.edu; sebastien.celestin@cnrs-orleans.fr; cummer@ee.duke.edu; matthew.mcharg@usafa.edu; hnielsen@gi.alaska.edu RI Cummer, Steven/A-6118-2008; Celestin, Sebastien/A-2202-2015; Pasko, Victor/S-6024-2016; Qin, Jianqi/A-2509-2013 OI Cummer, Steven/0000-0002-0002-0613; Qin, Jianqi/0000-0003-2213-9305 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1106779, AGS-1332199, ATM-1104441]; French Space Agency (CNES) FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-1106779, Grant AGS-1332199, and Grant ATM-1104441. The work of S. Celestin was supported by the French Space Agency (CNES). NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 43 IS 8 SI SI BP 2738 EP 2742 DI 10.1109/TPS.2015.2445820 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CP0DR UT WOS:000359546500062 ER PT J AU Little, BK Emery, SB Nittinger, JC Fantasia, RC Lindsay, CM AF Little, Brian K. Emery, Samuel B. Nittinger, Joshua C. Fantasia, Ryan C. Lindsay, C. Michael TI Physiochemical Characterization of Iodine(V) Oxide, Part 1: Hydration Rates SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE Iodine(V) oxide; Iodine pentoxide; Hydrogen iodate; Triperiodic acid; HI3O8; HIO3-I2O5/Iodic acid; HIO3; Energetic material; Hydration rate; Oxidizer ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; TRICALCIUM SILICATE; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; CRYSTALLINE I2O5; PENTOXIDE; SYSTEM; NUCLEATION; MODELS; IODATE; HIO3 AB In the first of a series of papers on the iodine(V) oxide system, the chemical and physical properties associated with iodine(V) oxide in its anhydride (I2O5) and hydrated states (HI3O8 and HIO3) are examined. The three forms of the oxide have been investigated utilizing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Furthermore, the hydration rates governing the conversion of the anhydride (I2O5) to the initial hydrate (HI3O8) and later to the final hydrated state (HIO3) are reported and discussed. Results from this study suggest that the hydration mechanism for I2O5 -> HI3O8 begins with an accelerating period described as a nucleation and growth phase followed by a decelerating period that is diffusion limited. The initial rate of hydration was observed to be governed by a nucleation and growth mechanism, which was inhibited by covering the surface of the particle with an inert metal. Based on this investigation the initial rate of hydration appears to be strongly dependent on the anhydride's available surface area which facilitates nucleation and growth of HI3O8. The final step, HI3O8 -> HIO3, proceeds through an initial induction period followed by a continuous acceleratory period unlike the first hydration step. C1 [Little, Brian K.; Emery, Samuel B.; Nittinger, Joshua C.; Fantasia, Ryan C.; Lindsay, C. Michael] US Air Force Res Lab, Energet Mat Branch, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Little, Brian K.; Emery, Samuel B.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Emery, Samuel B.] Surface Warfare Ctr Indian Head, Explos Ordinance Technol Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Little, BK (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Energet Mat Branch, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM brian.little.ctr@eglin.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Program [3002NW]; [96ABW-2014-0078] FX The authors wish to thank Prof Karen Martirosyan for preparing and donating the anhydrous I2O5 material used in this work. The authors would also like to acknowledge the support of Dr. Curt Johnson and Dr. Jerry Boatz for discussions of the calculation of the heat of formation for HI3O8. This research was performed while B.K.L. and S.B.E. held National Research Council Research Associateship Awards. This work was supported by research grant 3002NW from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Program Officer Dr. Michael Berman. The authors would also like to acknowledge the support of Dr. Amanda M. Schrand. Distribution A. Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. (96ABW-2014-0078) NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 EI 1521-4087 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 40 IS 4 BP 595 EP 603 DI 10.1002/prep.201400225 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA CO7LY UT WOS:000359341900023 ER PT J AU Sahu, S Cao, L Meziani, MJ Bunker, CE Fernando, KAS Wang, P Sun, YP AF Sahu, Sushant Cao, Li Meziani, Mohammed J. Bunker, Christopher E. Fernando, K. A. Shiral Wang, Ping Sun, Ya-Ping TI Carbon dioxide photoconversion driven by visible-light excitation of small carbon nanoparticles in various configurations SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCATALYTIC REDUCTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS; CO2 CONVERSION; QUANTUM DOTS; TIO2; PHOTOREDUCTION; HYDROCARBONS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; CATALYSTS AB In the CO2 sequestration, a desirable yet challenging option is the photocatalytic conversion with solar irradiation. While nanoscale semiconductors have been at the center of attention in the development of suitable photocatalysts for the CO2 conversion, carbon nanoparticles have recently emerged as a new class of photoactive materials for harvesting visible photons to drive photocatalytic processes. Results from this study demonstrate that aqueous suspended bare carbon nanoparticles could be excited with visible light to photocatalytically convert CO2 into formic acid, with the performance competitive to that of widely used semiconductor nanoparticles. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sahu, Sushant; Cao, Li; Meziani, Mohammed J.; Wang, Ping; Sun, Ya-Ping] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Sahu, Sushant; Cao, Li; Meziani, Mohammed J.; Wang, Ping; Sun, Ya-Ping] Clemson Univ, Lab Emerging Mat & Technol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Bunker, Christopher E.] Air Force Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fernando, K. A. Shiral] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensors Technol Off, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Bunker, CE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.bunker@wpafb.af.mil; syaping@clemson.edu OI Sahu, Sushant/0000-0001-7229-7833 FU Air Force Research Laboratory; NSF; ACS-PRF; South Carolina Space Grant Consortium FX This work was made possible by the support from Air Force Research Laboratory through the nanoenergetics program. Additional supports from NSF (Y.-P.S.) and ACS-PRF (Y.-P.S.) are also acknowledged. L.C. was a Susan G. Komen for the Cure Postdoctoral Fellow. M.J.M was on leave from Department of Chemistry/Physics, Northwest Missouri State University as a participant in the research program funded by South Carolina Space Grant Consortium. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 12 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 634 BP 122 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.05.073 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CO4RA UT WOS:000359147100023 ER PT J AU Walsh, MM Gluck, KA AF Walsh, Matthew M. Gluck, Kevin A. TI Mechanisms for Robust Cognition SO COGNITIVE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Robustness; System control; Redundancy; Adaptability; Cognitive systems; Computer simulation ID SUSTAINED ATTENTION PERFORMANCE; TOTAL SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; CHOICE/NO-CHOICE METHOD; DECISION-MAKING; WORKING-MEMORY; MOTOR CONTROL; NUMEROSITY JUDGMENT; STRATEGY SELECTION; FEEDBACK-CONTROL; SEMANTIC MEMORY AB To function well in an unpredictable environment using unreliable components, a system must have a high degree of robustness. Robustness is fundamental to biological systems and is an objective in the design of engineered systems such as airplane engines and buildings. Cognitive systems, like biological and engineered systems, exist within variable environments. This raises the question, how do cognitive systems achieve similarly high degrees of robustness? The aim of this study was to identify a set of mechanisms that enhance robustness in cognitive systems. We identify three mechanisms that enhance robustness in biological and engineered systems: system control, redundancy, and adaptability. After surveying the psychological literature for evidence of these mechanisms, we provide simulations illustrating how each contributes to robust cognition in a different psychological domain: psychomotor vigilance, semantic memory, and strategy selection. These simulations highlight features of a mathematical approach for quantifying robustness, and they provide concrete examples of mechanisms for robust cognition. C1 [Walsh, Matthew M.; Gluck, Kevin A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Walsh, MM (reprint author), RHAC, HPW 711, Cognit Models & Agents Branch, 2620 Q St,Bldg 852, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mmw188@gmail.com FU National Research Council; Air Force Research Laboratory's Cognitive Models and Agents Branch; AFOSR [13RH06COR]; AFRL FX This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award with the Air Force Research Laboratory's Cognitive Models and Agents Branch. We thank AFOSR for grant 13RH06COR to the second author. The authors thank AFRL for supporting this research and thank members of the Robust Decision Making Strategic Technology Team and the Cognitive Models and Agents Branch for stimulating conversation and critical thinking on this topic. Glenn Gunzelmann, Chris Myers, Jorge Zuniga, and three anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 137 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0364-0213 EI 1551-6709 J9 COGNITIVE SCI JI Cogn. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1131 EP 1171 DI 10.1111/cogs.12192 PG 41 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA CN7NH UT WOS:000358620800001 PM 25352094 ER PT J AU Hedler, JT AF Hedler, Jeanne T. TI A Companion to the Antebellum Presidents, 1837-1861 SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Hedler, Jeanne T.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedler, JT (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 EI 2325-6893 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 81 IS 3 BP 715 EP 716 PG 2 WC History SC History GA CO1EC UT WOS:000358895500022 ER PT J AU Kim, W Simpkins, BS Long, JP Zhang, BY Hendrickson, J Guo, JP AF Kim, Wonkyu Simpkins, Blake S. Long, James P. Zhang, Boyang Hendrickson, Joshua Guo, Junpeng TI Localized and nonlocalized plasmon resonance enhanced light absorption in metal-insulator-metal nanostructures SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED PERFECT ABSORBER; BROAD-BAND; METAMATERIAL ABSORBER; TERAHERTZ REGIME; GRATINGS; RESONATORS; EFFICIENT; DESIGN; FILMS; ANGLE AB Multiple absorption bands in a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) nanostructure are comprehensively investigated in the visible and near-infrared (near-IR) regime. The MIM nanostructure consists of patterned gold squares with systematically varying size and period atop a thin aluminum nitride dielectric layer on a thick gold film. Both the transverse-electric (TE) slab-waveguide mode and the transverse-magnetic (TM) surface plasmon-polariton mode can be excited in the nanostructure. Grating coupling of the incident light into nonlocalized traveling waves is found from electromagnetic field patterns and from the linear dispersion of the absorption modes with period. A localized mode strengthens the near-IR absorption band for small square sizes, and the resonance shifts to red for large square sizes. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Kim, Wonkyu; Zhang, Boyang; Guo, Junpeng] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Simpkins, Blake S.; Long, James P.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hendrickson, Joshua] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Guo, JP (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 301 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM guoj@uah.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [LRIR 15RYCOR159]; Alabama Graduate Research Scholarship Program (GRSP); National Science Foundation (NSF) [1158862]; Office of Naval Research FX Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (LRIR 15RYCOR159); Alabama Graduate Research Scholarship Program (GRSP); National Science Foundation (NSF) (1158862); Office of Naval Research. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 37 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1686 EP 1692 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.32.001686 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA CN9SB UT WOS:000358788200020 ER PT J AU Carretta, TR King, RE AF Carretta, Thomas R. King, Raymond E. TI Personnel Selection Influences on Remotely Piloted Aircraft Human-System Integration SO AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE LA English DT Review DE remotely piloted aircraft; human-system integration; personnel selection ID PERSONALITY; VALIDITY; FAKING AB INTRODUCTION: Human-system integration (HSI) is a complex process used to design and develop systems that integrate human capabilities and limitations in an effective and affordable manner. Effective HSI incorporates several domains, including manpower, personnel and training, human factors, environment, safety, occupational health, habitability, survivability, logistics, intelligence, mobility, and command and control. To achieve effective HSI, the relationships among these domains must be considered. Although this integrated approach is well documented, there are many instances where it is not followed. Human factors engineers typically focus on system design with little attention to the skills, abilities, and other characteristics needed by human operators. When problems with fielded systems occur, additional training of personnel is developed and conducted. Personnel selection is seldom considered during the HSI process. Complex systems such as aviation require careful selection of the individuals who will interact with the system. Personnel selection is a two-stage process involving select-in and select-out procedures. Select-in procedures determine which candidates have the aptitude to profit from training and represent the best investment. Select-out procedures focus on medical qualification and determine who should not enter training for medical reasons. The current paper discusses the role of personnel selection in the HSI process in the context of remotely piloted aircraft systems. C1 [Carretta, Thomas R.; King, Raymond E.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Carretta, TR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 711 HPW RHCI 2210 8th St,Area B,Bldg 146,Rm 122, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thomas.carretta@us.af.mil NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 2375-6314 EI 2375-6322 J9 AEROSP MED HUM PERF JI Aerosp. Med.Hum. Perform. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 86 IS 8 BP 736 EP 741 DI 10.3357/AMHP.4287.2015 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CN5LV UT WOS:000358471700008 PM 26387898 ER PT J AU Cochet, AA Cochet, AE Francis, JM AF Cochet, Anthony A., Jr. Cochet, Allyson E. Francis, James M. TI Eosinophilic Esophagitis with Dysphagia and Food Impaction in a Young Adult SO AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE eosinophilic esophagitis; dysphagia; impaction ID CONSENSUS RECOMMENDATIONS; FOREIGN-BODIES; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDREN; COMPLICATIONS; RISK; DIET AB BACKGROUND: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an emerging esophageal disease associated with dysphagia and food impaction. Practice guidelines have only recently been developed. It affects 1/1000 individuals, predominantly young men. As this demographic represents a substantial portion of the military aviation population, aerospace medicine clinicians should be familiar with this diagnosis when evaluating dysphagia or impactions. CASE REPORT: A 23-yr-old Caucasian man, a U.S. Air Force air traffic controller, presented to. Flight Medicine following an episode of food impaction requiring evaluation in the local emergency department.The patient reported a 5-yr history of recurrent episodes of food lodging in his throat, requiring fluid and body repositioning for resolution. Medical history was significant for eczema. Upper endoscopy revealed an abnormal esophagus with macroscopic features of EoE and biopsies were also consistent with EoE. After further work-up, the patient was diagnosed with EoE and treated. Significant symptom improvement was noted after 2 mo of therapy. DISCUSSION: This case outlines the evaluation of food impaction as well as the diagnostic criteria for EoE, which is a disease that affects patients with demographics common to the military aviation community. As the diagnostic and treatment guidelines for EoE are relatively new, it may easily be overlooked by the primary care physician, causing a delay in subspecialist consultation, thus delaying treatment. EoE is a condition with symptoms that pose high risk to the performance of aircrew duties; therefore, flight surgeons must be familiar with the aeromedical standards that accompany this diagnosis. C1 [Cochet, Anthony A., Jr.] 47th Med Grp, Laughlin Afb, TX 78843 USA. [Cochet, Allyson E.; Francis, James M.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Cochet, AA (reprint author), 47th Med Grp, Laughlin Afb, TX 78843 USA. EM cochetaa@gmail.com NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 2375-6314 EI 2375-6322 J9 AEROSP MED HUM PERF JI Aerosp. Med.Hum. Perform. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 86 IS 8 BP 742 EP 746 DI 10.3357/AMHP.4236.2015 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CN5LV UT WOS:000358471700009 PM 26387899 ER PT J AU Abayowa, BO Yilmaz, A Hardie, RC AF Abayowa, Bernard O. Yilmaz, Alper Hardie, Russell C. TI Automatic registration of optical aerial imagery to a LiDAR point cloud for generation of city models SO ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Scene modeling; Aerial imagery; Sensor fusion; LiDAR; 3D registration ID LARGE-SCALE; RANGE DATA; ENVIRONMENTS; SCENES AB This paper presents a framework for automatic registration of both the optical and 3D structural information extracted from oblique aerial imagery to a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) point cloud without prior knowledge of an initial alignment. The framework employs a coarse to fine strategy in the estimation of the registration parameters. First, a dense 3D point cloud and the associated relative camera parameters are extracted from the optical aerial imagery using a state-of-the-art 3D reconstruction algorithm. Next, a digital surface model (DSM) is generated from both the LiDAR and the optical imagery-derived point clouds. Coarse registration parameters are then computed from salient features extracted from the LiDAR and optical imagery-derived DSMs. The registration parameters are further refined using the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm to minimize global error between the registered point clouds. The novelty of the proposed approach is in the computation of salient features from the DSMs, and the selection of matching salient features using geometric invariants coupled with Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC) match validation. The feature extraction and matching process enables the automatic estimation of the coarse registration parameters required for initializing the fine registration process. The registration framework is tested on a simulated scene and aerial datasets acquired in real urban environments. Results demonstrates the robustness of the framework for registering optical and 3D structural information extracted from aerial imagery to a LiDAR point cloud, when co-existing initial registration parameters are unavailable. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS). C1 [Abayowa, Bernard O.; Hardie, Russell C.] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Yilmaz, Alper] Ohio State Univ, Photogrammetr Comp Vis Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Abayowa, Bernard O.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Abayowa, BO (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM abayowab1@udayton.edu RI Yilmaz, Alper/B-5609-2013 OI Yilmaz, Alper/0000-0003-0755-2628 NR 43 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2716 EI 1872-8235 J9 ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM JI ISPRS-J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 106 BP 68 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2015.05.006 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CN8OF UT WOS:000358699800006 ER PT J AU Mancuso, V Buxa, P Cheng, CH Lin, D Liou, L Longbrake, M Pemberton, T AF Mancuso, Vincent Buxa, Peter Cheng, Chi-Hao Lin, David Liou, Lihyeh Longbrake, Matthew Pemberton, Thomas TI Real-time imbalance compensator for wideband receiver applications SO IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID I/Q IMBALANCE AB To increase the bandwidth of a wideband receiver for surveillance applications, an in-phase/quadrature-phase (I/Q) channel-based receiver is a potential approach. However, the image caused by an imperfect coupler prevents the I/Q channel-based receiver from becoming a reality. Air Force Research Laboratory developed an imbalance compensation method covering two Nyquist zones. In this study, the authors present its implementation with a field-programmable gate array board. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed imbalance compensation algorithm and its feasibility. C1 [Mancuso, Vincent] Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, Baltimore, MD USA. [Buxa, Peter; Lin, David; Liou, Lihyeh; Longbrake, Matthew; Pemberton, Thomas] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. [Cheng, Chi-Hao] Miami Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Cheng, CH (reprint author), Miami Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM chengc@miamioh.edu FU AFRL/DAGSI Student-Faculty Research Fellowship program FX This work is partially supported by AFRL/DAGSI Student-Faculty Research Fellowship program NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8784 EI 1751-8792 J9 IET RADAR SONAR NAV JI IET Radar Sonar Navig. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 7 BP 743 EP 750 DI 10.1049/iet-rsn.2014.0347 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CN4FZ UT WOS:000358387300001 ER PT J AU Garcia, E Casbeer, DW Pachter, M AF Garcia, Eloy Casbeer, David W. Pachter, Meir TI Cooperative Strategies for Optimal Aircraft Defense from an Attacking Missile SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID MOVING TARGET; GUIDANCE; PURSUIT; LINE C1 [Garcia, Eloy; Casbeer, David W.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pachter, Meir] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Garcia, E (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM elgarcia@infoscitex.com; david.casbeer@us.af.mil; meir.pachter@afit.edu NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1510 EP 1520 DI 10.2514/1.G001083 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CN1DF UT WOS:000358156200015 ER PT J AU Gowayed, Y Ojard, G Santhosh, U Jefferson, G AF Gowayed, Y. Ojard, G. Santhosh, U. Jefferson, G. TI Modeling of crack density in ceramic matrix composites SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Ceramic matrix composites; matrix cracking; modeling ID ELASTIC PROPERTIES; TEXTILE COMPOSITES; STRESS; PREDICT AB The feasibility of utilizing the shear lag theory to estimate crack density in fabric reinforced composites was investigated. A geometric model was constructed for the fabric and meshed using a hybrid finite element approach. The small segment of the yarn and the surrounding matrix enclosed within each element were treated as a unidirectional composite and the shear lag theory was used to estimate the crack density. Model results were compared to experimental data for a 5-harness satin melt-infiltrated SiC/SiC composite under tension and showed a pattern similar to experimental data with the model starting to accumulate cracks at a stress corresponding to the point of departure from linearity in the stress-strain curve while cracks were experimentally observed around 60MPa higher. The model and experimental data had a similar value for the crack density at the saturation level. Sensitivity analysis showed that the crack density was highly sensitive to the fiber volume fraction in the load direction followed by the weave angle of the crimped segments of the yarns and the interfacial shear strength between the fibers and the matrix. C1 [Gowayed, Y.] Auburn Univ, Dept Polymer & Fiber Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Ojard, G.] Pratt & Whitney East, Hartford, CT USA. [Santhosh, U.] Struct Analyt Inc, Carlsbad, CA USA. [Jefferson, G.] AFRL RXLN, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Gowayed, Y (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Polymer & Fiber Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM gowayya@auburn.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA [FA8650-12-C-5107, FA8650-12-C-5108] FX The Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA supported this effort under contract FA8650-12-C-5107and FA8650-12-C-5108. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 EI 1530-793X J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 49 IS 18 BP 2285 EP 2294 DI 10.1177/0021998314545188 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA CN0DI UT WOS:000358082700009 ER PT J AU Miller, SC Whitehead, CR Otte, CN Wells, TS Webb, TS Gore, RK Maynard, C AF Miller, Shannon C. Whitehead, Casserly R. Otte, Clifford N. Wells, Timothy S. Webb, Timothy S. Gore, Russell K. Maynard, Charles TI Risk for broad-spectrum neuropsychiatric disorders after mild traumatic brain injury in a cohort of US Air Force personnel SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; POSTCONCUSSIVE SYMPTOMS; HEAD-INJURY; DEPRESSION; IRAQ; SCHIZOPHRENIA; AFGHANISTAN; VETERANS; POPULATION; CONCUSSION AB Background Military personnel are at increased risk for traumatic brain injury (TBI) from combat and non-combat exposures. Sequelae of moderate-to-severe TBI are well described, but the literature remains conflicted regarding whether mild TBI (mTBI) results in lasting brain injury and functional impairments. This study assessed risk for a range of neuropsychiatric disorders presenting after mTBI while adjusting for the potential confounds of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods A historical prospective association study was conducted utilising electronic demographic, medical and military-specific data for over 49 000 active duty US Air Force service members (Airmen). This study utilised diagnostic codes considered by an expert panel to be indicative of mTBI to identify cases. Cox proportional hazards modelling calculated HRs for neuropsychiatric outcomes while controlling for varying lengths of follow-up and potentially confounding variables. Results Airmen with mTBI were at increased risk for specific neuropsychiatric disorders compared with a similarly injured non-mTBI control group. HRs for memory loss/amnesia, cognitive disorders, schizophrenia, PTSD, and depression were significantly elevated and remained so for at least 6 months post-mTBI, even after eliminating those with previous neuropsychiatric diagnoses. Conclusions mTBI was positively associated with neuropsychiatric disorders in this population of primarily young adult males; with increased HRs 6 months post-mTBI. The results support that mTBI is distinguished from moderate-to-severe TBI in terms of risk for developing neuropsychiatric disorders. Further, these findings suggest the importance of screening for psychiatric and cognitive disorders post-mTBI in general medical practice. C1 [Miller, Shannon C.; Wells, Timothy S.; Gore, Russell K.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Miller, Shannon C.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Addict Sci Div, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Miller, Shannon C.] Air Force Res Lab, Vulnerabil Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Whitehead, Casserly R.] Infoscitex Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Wells, Timothy S.] Def Hlth Program, Res Management Div, Plans & Programs Off, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Gore, Russell K.] Sports Concuss Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. [Maynard, Charles] Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr ERIC, Seattle, WA USA. RP Whitehead, CR (reprint author), Infoscitex Corp, 4027 Colonel Glenn Highway,Suite 210, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM Casserly.Whitehead.ctr@US.AF.MIL RI Maynard, Charles/N-3906-2015; Gore, Russell/N-8988-2016 OI Maynard, Charles/0000-0002-1644-7814; Gore, Russell/0000-0002-8012-1579 FU Defense Center of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury; Department of Veterans Affairs FX This study was funded by the Defense Center of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury, with work also supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs. This study was conducted in accordance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects in research as approved by Air Force Research Laboratory/Wright Site Institutional Review Board (Protocol F-WR-2009-0066-H). NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 EI 1470-7926 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 72 IS 8 BP 560 EP 566 DI 10.1136/oemed-2014-102646 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CM9IB UT WOS:000358020600005 PM 25896331 ER PT J AU Camburn, B Dunlap, B Gurjar, T Hamon, C Green, M Jensen, D Crawford, R Otto, K Wood, K AF Camburn, Bradley Dunlap, Brock Gurjar, Tanmay Hamon, Christopher Green, Matthew Jensen, Daniel Crawford, Richard Otto, Kevin Wood, Kristin TI A Systematic Method for Design Prototyping SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL DESIGN LA English DT Article ID PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT; RAPID PROTOTYPES AB Scientific evaluation of prototyping practices is an emerging field in design research. Prototyping is critical to the success of product development efforts, and yet its implementation in practice is often guided by ad hoc experience. To address this need, we seek to advance the study and development of prototyping principles, techniques, and tools. A method to repeatedly enhance the outcome of prototyping efforts is reported in this paper. The research methodology to develop this method is as follows: (1) systematically identify practices that improve prototyping; (2) synthesize these practices to form a guiding method for designers; and (3) validate that the proposed method encourages best practices and improves performance. Prototyping practices are represented as six key heuristics to guide a designer in planning: how many iterations to pursue, how many unique design concepts to explore in parallel, as well as the use of scaled prototypes, isolated subsystem prototypes, relaxed requirements, and virtual prototypes. The method is correlated, through experimental investigation, with increased application of these best practices and improved design performance outcomes. These observations hold across various design problems studied. This method is novel in providing a systematic approach to prototyping. C1 [Camburn, Bradley; Otto, Kevin; Wood, Kristin] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Engn Prod Dev, Singapore 138682, Singapore. [Dunlap, Brock; Gurjar, Tanmay; Hamon, Christopher; Crawford, Richard] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Green, Matthew] Le Tourneau Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Longview, TX 75602 USA. [Jensen, Daniel] US Air Force Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Camburn, B (reprint author), Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Engn Prod Dev, 20 Dover Dr, Singapore 138682, Singapore. EM bradley_camburn@sutd.edu.sg; bdunlap@utexas.edu; tanmaygurjar@utexas.edu; xamon@utexas.edu; matthewgreen@letu.edu; dan.jensen@usafa.edu; rhc@mail.utexas.edu; kevin_otto@sutd.edu.sg; kristinwood@sutd.edu.sg FU Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD); SUTD-MIT International Design Center (IDC); United Sates Air Force Academy [FA7000-12-2-2005] FX This work was supported by the Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD) and the SUTD-MIT International Design Center (IDC, idc.sutd.edu.sg). This material is also based in part on research sponsored by the United Sates Air Force Academy under Agreement No. FA7000-12-2-2005. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1050-0472 J9 J MECH DESIGN JI J. Mech. Des. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 137 IS 8 AR 081102 DI 10.1115/1.4030331 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA CM0BC UT WOS:000357342200002 ER PT J AU Jiang, J Pachter, R Mehmood, F Islam, AE Maruyama, B Boeckl, JJ AF Jiang, Jie Pachter, Ruth Mehmood, Faisal Islam, Ahmad E. Maruyama, Benji Boeckl, John J. TI A Raman spectroscopy signature for characterizing defective single-layer graphene: Defect-induced I(D)/I(D ') intensity ratio by theoretical analysis SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; BACK SCATTERING; OXYGEN; OXIDE; MONOVACANCY; STABILITY; VACANCIES; ABSENCE; ATOM; GAS AB To distinguish defects in defective single-layer graphene (DSLG), we developed a method combining first principles density functional theory and tight-binding that quantifies defect-induced Raman intensities. Analysis of defect potentials for defects with vacancies and/or bond rotation has shown that on-site variation dominates the scattering, and also quantified effects of oxygen adsorption. Defect potentials for DSLG were subsequently used in calculation of the electron-defect matrix elements and Raman intensities. I(D)/I(D') intensity ratios, dependent on defect topology and oxygen impurity adsorption, were elucidated for mono-vacancy, double-vacancy, Stone-Wales, and so-called 555-777 and 5555-6-7777 point defects in single-layer graphene. The results demonstrated for the first time the ability to distinguish between these defect types, also as dependent of oxygen adsorption, and were found consistent with a measured value for vacancies. Importantly, our theoretical prediction of the I(D)/I(D') Raman intensity signature metric can assist in experimental characterization of defective realistic graphene samples for any defect type. Finally, analytical analysis of the angular dependence of the electron-defect scattering matrix elements revealed a node effect in intra-valley backscattering but not in inter-valley backscattering, rationalizing the observation that the D' band intensity is mostly weaker than that of the D band. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jiang, Jie; Pachter, Ruth; Mehmood, Faisal; Islam, Ahmad E.; Maruyama, Benji; Boeckl, John J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, R (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ruth.pachter@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We gratefully acknowledge support by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and computational resources and helpful assistance provided by the AFRL DSRC. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 16 U2 89 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD AUG PY 2015 VL 90 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.03.049 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CK3PY UT WOS:000356129200007 ER PT J AU Sabelkin, V Zawada, L Mall, S AF Sabelkin, V. Zawada, L. Mall, S. TI Effects of combustion and salt-fog exposure on fatigue behavior of two ceramic matrix composites and a superalloy SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; BORON-NITRIDE; SIC/SIC COMPOSITE; SILICON-CARBIDE; WATER-VAPOR; ENVIRONMENT; OXIDATION; MOISTURE; RUPTURE AB Tension-tension fatigue behavior of two ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), SiC/SiC (Nicalon (TM)/SiC) & oxide/oxide (Nextel (TM) 720/AS), and a superalloy (Ren, 41) was characterized under combustion environment as well as under alternate salt-fog exposure for 4 h and combustion fatigue for 6 h. The run-out limit was 25 h (90,000 cycles) of fatigue. Test temperatures were 900, 1050, and 1050 A degrees C for Ren, 41, SiC/SiC, and oxide/oxide CMCs, respectively, and the applied maximum fatigue stress was 62 MPa. All three materials survived up to 25 h under combustion fatigue without any exposure to salt. Ren, 41 and Nicalon (TM)/SiC survived up to 25 h (90,000 cycles) under the alternate exposure of salt-fog and combustion fatigue. However, exposure to salt-fog exposure (5 wt%) had very detrimental effect on the combustion fatigue resistance of Nextel (TM) 720/AS. The reduction in salt concentration to 0.5 wt% had less detrimental effect. These tests were supplemented with more tests, where applied stress level, test temperature, and salt concentration were changed. Out of these three gas turbine engine materials, Nicalon (TM)/SiC exhibited better fatigue performance in terms of applied temperature and stress level under combustion condition as well as when exposed to alternate salt-fog and combustion. C1 [Sabelkin, V.; Mall, S.] AFIT ENY, Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Zawada, L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), AFIT ENY, Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shankar.mall@afit.edu NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 IS 15 BP 5204 EP 5213 DI 10.1007/s10853-015-9068-z PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CI7RH UT WOS:000354961400010 ER PT J AU Carter, JLW Sosa, JM Shade, PA Fraser, HL Uchic, MD Mills, MJ AF Carter, Jennifer L. W. Sosa, John M. Shade, Paul A. Fraser, Hamish L. Uchic, Michael D. Mills, Michael J. TI The potential link between high angle grain boundary morphology and grain boundary deformation in a nickel-based superalloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Serial sectioning; 3D reconstruction; Nickel-based superalloys; Grain boundary sliding ID WATERSHEDS; BEAM AB Focused ion beam (FIB) based serial sectioning was utilized to characterize the morphology of two high angle grain boundaries (HAGB) in a nickel based superalloy, one that experienced grain boundary sliding (GBS) and the other experienced strain accumulation, during elevated temperature constant stress loading conditions. A custom script was utilized to serial section and collect ion-induced secondary electron images from the FIB-SEM system. The MATLAB based MIPAR (TM) software was utilized to align, segment and reconstruct 3D volumes from the sectioned images. Analysis of the 3D data indicates that the HAGB that exhibited GBS had microscale curvature that was planar in nature, and local serrations on the order of +/- 150 nm. In contrast, the HAGB that exhibited strain accumulation was not planar and had local serrations an order of magnitude greater than the other grain boundary. It is hypothesized that the serrations and the local grain boundary network are key factors in determining which grain boundaries experience GBS during creep deformation. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Carter, Jennifer L. W.; Mills, Michael J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 44321 USA. [Sosa, John M.; Fraser, Hamish L.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Accelerated Maturat Mat, Columbus, OH 44321 USA. [Shade, Paul A.; Uchic, Michael D.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Carter, JLW (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM jennifer.w.carter@case.edu RI Shade, Paul/H-6459-2011; Carter, Jennifer/A-3241-2013; OI Carter, Jennifer/0000-0001-6702-729X; Sosa, John/0000-0003-4519-7970 FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) STW-21 Program [FA9550-09-1-0014] FX Funding was provided by the lAir Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) STW-21 Program FA9550-09-1-0014. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 29 PY 2015 VL 640 BP 280 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2015.05.031 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CN7PN UT WOS:000358626600032 ER PT J AU Spradlin, TJ Hodges, JL AF Spradlin, Thomas J. Hodges, Joshua L. TI Predictive Crack Growth Technique for Laser Peening Process Development SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING-JOE LA English DT Article AB Laser peening (LP) has shown excellent fatigue life extension in numerous tests with typical treatments garnering 2-4 times the fatigue performance of an untreated component. Initially, large test programs were implemented to determine the best LP parameters for a given scenario, eventually being augmented by physics-based modeling due to the large design space available to the LP process. Approval for these processes continues to be on a case-by-case basis, contingent on multiple factors: cost, applicability, time, % fatigue life extension, and ability to track crack growth. Because LP induces compressive residual stresses in the near surface region, the compensatory tensile residual stresses are shifted sub-surface. While an axial tensile load would be mitigated by surface compressive stresses, sub-surface a crack can propagate rapidly via tensile stresses. Current predictive methods lack the ability to track this sub-surface behavior, limiting the accuracy of fatigue crack growth predictions throughout the various design stages of an LP treatment. This work demonstrates a framework that incorporates user-defined geometry, material data, crack growth data, mechanical loading, and residual stresses to predict the crack front shape evolution in 3D solids. A baseline case with no residual stresses is simulated and compared with a closed form solution. C1 [Spradlin, Thomas J.] US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hodges, Joshua L.] US Air Force, Struct Integr & Anal Grp T38, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP Spradlin, TJ (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thomas.spradlin.1@us.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 2051-3305 J9 J ENG-JOE JI J. Eng.-JOE PD JUL 29 PY 2015 DI 10.1049/joe.2015.0110 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA DU8EC UT WOS:000382445100001 ER PT J AU Huang, CS AF Huang, Chao-Song TI Storm-to-storm main phase repeatability of the local time variation of disturbed low-latitude vertical ion drifts SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE penetration electric field; equatorial ionosphere; magnetic storm ID IONOSPHERIC ELECTRIC-FIELDS; PENETRATION; MODEL; EQUATOR; FLOWS; CINDI AB Penetration electric field can be very strong during magnetic storms. However, the variation of penetration electric field with local time (LT) has not been well understood. The Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite measures the plasma drift/electric field over all local times within similar to 100min. In this paper, we present the first nearly simultaneous observations of the dependence of penetration electric field on local time. The meridional ion drift measured by C/NOFS during the main phase of five magnetic storms in 2012 is analyzed. The storm time ion drift shows a large enhancement around 1900LT, a relatively small enhancement during daytime, and a deep decrease in the postmidnight sector with a peak around 0500LT. The observed storm time variation of the meridional ion drift with local time represents the variation of the penetration electric field. The averaged ion drifts are in remarkable agreement with recent simulations. C1 Kirtland AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87116 USA. RP Huang, CS (reprint author), Kirtland AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87116 USA. EM chaosong.huang.1@us.af.mil FU NASA [NNH15AZ81I, NNX15AB83G, NAS5-01068] FX Work at the Air Force Research Laboratory was supported by NASA grant NNH15AZ81I and is part of the NASA sponsored project NNX15AB83G. The author thanks Marc Hairston for his comments on the manuscript. CINDI data are provided through the auspices of the CINDI team at the University of Texas at Dallas supported by NASA grant NAS5-01068. C/NOFS data are available in the NASA database NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 14 BP 5694 EP 5701 DI 10.1002/2015GL064674 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CO7CU UT WOS:000359316100003 ER PT J AU Welch, CM Camden, AN Barr, SA Leuty, GM Kedziora, GS Berry, RJ AF Welch, Corrinne M. Camden, Aerial N. Barr, Stephen A. Leuty, Gary M. Kedziora, Gary S. Berry, Rajiv J. TI Computation of the binding free energy of peptides to graphene in explicit water SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; DRUG-DELIVERY; FUNCTIONALIZATION; ADSORPTION; INTERFACE; SURFACES; SYSTEM; FILMS AB The characteristic properties of graphene make it useful in an assortment of applications. One particular application-the use of graphene in biosensors-requires a thorough understanding of graphene-peptide interactions. In this study, the binding of glycine (G) capped amino acid residues (termed GXG tripeptides) to trilayer graphene surfaces in aqueous solution was examined and compared to results previously obtained for peptide binding to single-layer free-standing graphene [A. N. Camden, S. A. Barr, and R. J. Berry, J. Phys. Chem. B 117, 10691-10697 (2013)]. In order to understand the interactions between the peptides and the surface, binding enthalpy and free energy values were calculated for each GXG system, where X cycled through the typical 20 amino acids. When the GXG tripeptides were bound to the surface, distinct conformations were observed, each with a different binding enthalpy. Analysis of the binding energy showed the binding of peptides to trilayer graphene was dominated by van der Waals interactions, unlike the free-standing graphene systems, where the binding was predominantly electrostatic in nature. These results demonstrate the utility of computational materials science in the mechanistic explanation of surface-biomolecule interactions which could be applied to a wide range of systems. C1 [Welch, Corrinne M.; Camden, Aerial N.; Barr, Stephen A.; Leuty, Gary M.; Berry, Rajiv J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kedziora, Gary S.] Air Force Res Lab, Engil Corp, AFRL RCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Berry, RJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Rajiv.Berry@us.af.mil NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 28 PY 2015 VL 143 IS 4 AR 045104 DI 10.1063/1.4927344 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CO1QC UT WOS:000358929100073 PM 26233167 ER PT J AU Hwang, J Jeon, J Yoon, S Kang, BS Kim, DK Kim, HS Kang, SW Kim, JO Jang, WY Urbas, A Ku, Z Lee, SJ AF Hwang, Jehwan Jeon, Jiyeon Yoon, Sujin Kang, Byung Soo Kim, Deok-Kee Kim, Ha Sul Kang, Sang-Woo Kim, Jun Oh Jang, Woo-Yong Urbas, Augustine Ku, Zahyun Lee, Sang Jun TI Surface plasmon resonant splitting and merging due to infrared incidence through thermal imaging lens SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB In previous work, the present authors discovered the resonant splitting phenomenon of a plasmonic perforated gold film (PGF), as the incident light comes in the polar angle. However, in reality, the light through the imaging lens could be incident on the PGF not only in the polar angle but also in the azimuth angle. The transmission of a PGF against the incident light is analysed in both polar and azimuth angles in spherical coordinates. To mimic the incidence through the lens, a PGF sample is rotated by simultaneously varying both types of angles as normal incidence arrives. For the measurement, the sample has been fabricated with a PGF on a semi-insulating gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate. The measured transmission spectra show both resonant splitting and merging under TM and TE polarisations as the azimuth angle is increased. Results drawn from this work will pave the way to fully understanding the interaction between the imaging lens and the plasmonic structure (PGF). C1 [Hwang, Jehwan; Jeon, Jiyeon; Yoon, Sujin; Kang, Byung Soo; Kang, Sang-Woo; Kim, Jun Oh; Lee, Sang Jun] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Div Ind Metrol, Daejeon 305340, South Korea. [Kim, Deok-Kee] Sejong Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Kim, Ha Sul] Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Jang, Woo-Yong; Urbas, Augustine; Ku, Zahyun] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, SJ (reprint author), Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Div Ind Metrol, Daejeon 305340, South Korea. EM sjlee@kriss.re.kr FU KRISS [GP2014-0028]; Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) - Korea government (MOTIE) [100446953]; AOARD - US government (AFOSR/AOARD) [FA2386-14-1-4074] FX This work was supported by the KRISS grant GP2014-0028 and the Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) grant 100446953 funded by the Korea government (MOTIE) and the AOARD grant FA2386-14-1-4074 funded by the US government (AFOSR/AOARD). NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 EI 1350-911X J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUL 23 PY 2015 VL 51 IS 15 BP 1170 EP 1171 DI 10.1049/el.2015.0481 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CN0SO UT WOS:000358124000022 ER PT J AU He, GS Prasad, PN Kannan, R Tan, LS AF He, Guang S. Prasad, Paras N. Kannan, Ramamurthi Tan, Loon-Seng TI Highly efficient and two-photon excited stimulated Rayleigh-Bragg scattering in organic solutions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; PHASE-CONJUGATION; LIGHT; LIQUIDS; PULSES; WAVES AB The properties of backward stimulated Rayleigh-Bragg scattering (SRBS) in three highly two-photon active AF-chromophores solutions in tetrahydrofuran (THF) have been investigated using 816-nm and 8-ns pump laser beam. The nonlinear reflectivity R, spectral structure, temporal behavior, and phase-conjugation capability of the backward SRBS output have been measured, respectively. Under the same experimental condition, the pump threshold for SRBS in three solution samples can be significantly (similar to one order of magnitude) lower than that for stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in the pure solvent (THF). With the optimized concentration value and at a moderate pump energy (similar to 1.5 mJ) level, the measured nonlinear reflectivity was R >= 35% for the 2 cm-long solution sample, while for the SBS from a pure solvent sample of the same length was R approximate to 4.7%. The peculiar features of very low pump threshold, no spectral shift, tolerant pump spectral linewidth requirement (<= 1 cm(-1)), and phase-conjugation capability are favorable for those nonlinear photonics applications, such as highly efficiency phase-conjugation reflectors for high-brightness laser oscillator/amplifier systems, special imaging through turbid medium, self-adaptive remote optical sensing, as well as for optical rangefinder and lidar systems. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [He, Guang S.; Prasad, Paras N.] SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Kannan, Ramamurthi; Tan, Loon-Seng] AFRL RX, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP He, GS (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM gshe@buffalo.edu RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 21 PY 2015 VL 118 IS 3 AR 033102 DI 10.1063/1.4926993 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CN4VT UT WOS:000358429200002 ER PT J AU Park, J Innes, DE Bucik, R Moon, YJ Kahler, SW AF Park, Jinhye Innes, D. E. Bucik, R. Moon, Y. -J. Kahler, S. W. TI STUDY OF SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE ASSOCIATIONS WITH CORONAL EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET WAVES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: magnetic fields; Sun: particle emission ID MASS EJECTION; SOHO/EIT OBSERVATIONS; MEV PROTONS; EVENTS; ACCELERATION; STEREO; SHOCK; HELIOSPHERE; INJECTION; FRONTS AB We study the relationship between large gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events and associated extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wave properties in 16 events that occurred between 2010 August and 2013 May and were observed by SDO, the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), and/or STEREO. We determine onset times, peak times, and peak fluxes of the SEP events in the SOHO/ERNE and STEREO/LET proton channels (6-10 MeV). The EUV wave arrival times and their speeds from the source sites to the spacecraft footpoints in the photosphere, which are magnetically connected to the spacecraft by Parker spiral and potential fields, are determined by spacetime plots from the full-Sun heliographic images created by combining STEREO-A and STEREO-B 195 angstrom and SDO 193 angstrom images. The SEP peak fluxes increase with the EUV wave speeds, and the SEP spectral indices become harder with the speeds. This shows that higher energetic particle fluxes are associated with faster EUV waves, which are considered as the lateral expansions of coronal-mass-ejection-driven shocks in the low corona. C1 [Park, Jinhye; Moon, Y. -J.] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Yongin 446701, South Korea. [Innes, D. E.; Bucik, R.] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Bucik, R.] Max Planck Princeton Ctr Plasma Phys, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Moon, Y. -J.] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Space Res, Yongin 446701, South Korea. [Kahler, S. W.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Park, J (reprint author), Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Yongin 446701, South Korea. EM jinhye@khu.ac.kr RI Bucik, Radoslav/B-6501-2016 OI Bucik, Radoslav/0000-0001-7381-6949 FU AOARD [FA2386-13-1-4066]; BK21 plus program; AFOSR [2301RDZ4] FX We thank SDO/AIA, STEREO/EUVI, and SOHO teams for the data. This work has been supported by AOARD (FA2386-13-1-4066) and by the BK21 plus program. S.W.K. was funded by AFOSR Task 2301RDZ4. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2015 VL 808 IS 1 AR 3 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/808/1/3 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CO3MS UT WOS:000359062500003 ER PT J AU Gwin, AH Kodama, CH Laurvick, TV Coutu, RA Taday, PF AF Gwin, A. H. Kodama, C. H. Laurvick, T. V. Coutu, R. A., Jr. Taday, P. F. TI Improved terahertz modulation using germanium telluride (GeTe) chalcogenide thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-CHANGE MATERIALS; MEMORY AB We demonstrate improved terahertz (THz) modulation using thermally crystallized germanium telluride (GeTe) thin films. GeTe is a chalcogenide material that exhibits a nonvolatile, amorphous to crystalline phase change at approximately 200 degrees C, as well as six orders of magnitude decreased electrical resistivity. In this study, amorphous GeTe thin films were sputtered on sapphire substrates and then tested using THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The test samples, heated in-situ while collecting THz-TDS measurements, exhibited a gradual absorbance increase, an abrupt nonvolatile reduction at the transition temperature, followed by another gradual increase in absorbance. The transition temperature was verified by conducting similar thermal tests while monitoring electrical resistivity. THz transmittance modulation data were investigated between 10 and 110 cm(-1) (0.3-3.3 THz). A peak modulation of approximately 99% was achieved at 2.3 THz with a 100 nm GeTe film on a sapphire substrate. After isolating the sapphire and the crystalline GeTe (c-GeTe) absorbance contributions, the results showed THz modulations ranging from 88.5% to 91.5% that were attributed solely to the single layer of transitioned c-GeTe. These results strongly motivate using GeTe or other chalcogenide thin films in THz modulators, filters, and metamaterial applications. (C) 2015 Author(s). C1 [Gwin, A. H.; Kodama, C. H.; Laurvick, T. V.; Coutu, R. A., Jr.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Taday, P. F.] TeraView Ltd, Applicat Grp, Cambridge CB4 0WS, England. RP Coutu, RA (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ronald.coutu@afit.edu OI Gwin, Alex/0000-0001-6705-1898 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 38 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 3 AR 031904 DI 10.1063/1.4927272 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CN8FR UT WOS:000358675600021 ER PT J AU Lancaster, A Cook, G McDaniel, SA Evans, J Berry, PA Shephard, JD Kar, AK AF Lancaster, A. Cook, G. McDaniel, S. A. Evans, J. Berry, P. A. Shephard, J. D. Kar, A. K. TI Mid-infrared laser emission from Fe: ZnSe cladding waveguides SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NM; CRYSTAL; LOSSES; POWER AB The authors present a mid-IR depressed cladding waveguide laser in Fe:ZnSe. The laser produced a maximum output power of 76 mW at 4122 nm and laser thresholds as low as 154 mW were demonstrated. This represents a 44% reduction in threshold power compared with the bulk laser system demonstrated in this paper. The waveguide laser was found to have a narrow spectral linewidth of 6 nm FHWM compared to the 50 nm typical of bulk Fe: ZnSe lasers. (C) 2015 Author(s). C1 [Lancaster, A.; Shephard, J. D.; Kar, A. K.] Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Photon & Quantum Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Cook, G.; Evans, J.; Berry, P. A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McDaniel, S. A.] Leidos Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. RP Lancaster, A (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Photon & Quantum Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. EM a.k.kar@hw.ac.uk RI Shephard, Jonathan/C-3947-2014 OI Shephard, Jonathan/0000-0001-9127-1428 FU AFRL Sensors Directorate, EOARD [FA8655-1-3026]; EPSRC [EP/G030227/1, EP/K502844/1] FX The authors acknowledge and thank support from AFRL Sensors Directorate, EOARD (Grant No. FA8655-1-3026) and EPSRC (Grant No. EP/G030227/1). A. Lancaster acknowledges support from EPSRC studentship EP/K502844/1. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 3 AR 031108 DI 10.1063/1.4927384 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CN8FR UT WOS:000358675600008 ER PT J AU Soref, R Cleary, J Fathpour, S AF Soref, Richard Cleary, Justin Fathpour, Sasan TI Special Section Guest Editorial: Nanoplasmonics SO JOURNAL OF NANOPHOTONICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Soref, Richard] Univ Massachusetts, Engn Program, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Cleary, Justin] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fathpour, Sasan] Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Coll Opt & Photon, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Soref, R (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Engn Program, Harbor Campus, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM soref@rcn.com; justin.cleary.1@us.af.mil; fathpour@creol.ucf.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1934-2608 J9 J NANOPHOTONICS JI J. Nanophotonics PD JUL 14 PY 2015 VL 9 AR 093701 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA CM9GF UT WOS:000358014700001 ER PT J AU Adomanis, BM Watts, CM Koirala, M Liu, XL Tyler, T West, KG Starr, T Bringuier, JN Starr, AF Jokerst, NM Padilla, WJ AF Adomanis, Bryan M. Watts, Claire M. Koirala, Machhindra Liu, Xianliang Tyler, Talmage West, Kevin G. Starr, Tatiana Bringuier, Jonathan N. Starr, Anthony F. Jokerst, Nan Marie Padilla, Willie J. TI Bi-layer metamaterials as fully functional near-perfect infrared absorbers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BROAD-BAND; POLARIZATION; SENSOR; LIGHT AB In this letter, we discuss the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of a bi-layer fully functional near-perfect metamaterial absorber (MMA) in the long-wavelength infrared (LWIR), which is broadband and generally insensitive to polarization up to a 60 degrees incidence angle. A spectral absorptance of >= 99% was attained simultaneously at multiple LWIR wavelengths, with a bandwidth of 2 mu m where the absorptance is >= 90%. This remarkable behavior is attributed to the strong mixing of coupling modes between the two resonators and the ground plane in the presence of a lossy dielectric, in which single layer structures do not exhibit. Furthermore, we show, by comparing two different MMA structures, how the absorption can be tailored by design within and across several IR subdivisions through a slight change in geometrical parameters. The bi-layer MMA has the immediate application of a functionally versatile, low-profile thermal sensor or emitter. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Adomanis, Bryan M.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Watts, Claire M.; Koirala, Machhindra; Liu, Xianliang; Padilla, Willie J.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Tyler, Talmage; Jokerst, Nan Marie] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [West, Kevin G.; Starr, Tatiana; Bringuier, Jonathan N.; Starr, Anthony F.] SensorMetrix Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Adomanis, BM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bryan.adomanis@us.af.mil; willie.padilla@duke.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under U.S. Air Force [FA9453-13-C-0005]; U.S. Navy [N00014-10-C-0437] FX We would like to acknowledge partial funding from Air Force Office of Scientific Research under U.S. Air Force Contract No. FA9453-13-C-0005 and U.S. Navy Contract No. N00014-10-C-0437. and we would like to thank the Air Force Institute of Technology for support on FIDR measurements. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 58 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 13 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 2 AR 021107 DI 10.1063/1.49264161 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CN6FS UT WOS:000358530300007 ER PT J AU Yun, Y Ma, C Zhai, XF Huang, HL Meng, DC Wang, JL Fu, ZP Peng, RR Brown, GJ Lu, YL AF Yun, Yu Ma, Chao Zhai, Xiaofang Huang, Haoliang Meng, Dechao Wang, Jianlin Fu, Zhengping Peng, Ranran Brown, Gail J. Lu, Yalin TI Interface engineering in epitaxial growth of layered oxides via a conducting layer insertion SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE MULTIFERROIC PROPERTIES; METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; FILMS; CERAMICS; SYSTEM AB There is a long-standing challenge in the fabrication of layered oxide epitaxial films due to their thermodynamic phase-instability and the large stacking layer number. Recently, the demand for high-quality thin films is strongly pushed by their promising room-temperature multiferroic properties. Here, we find that by inserting a conducting and lattice matched LaNiO3 buffer layer, high quality m = 5 Bi6FeCoTi3O18 epitaxial films can be fabricated using the laser molecular beam epitaxy, in which the atomic-scale sharp interface between the film and the metallic buffer layer explains the enhanced quality. The magnetic and ferroelectric properties of the high quality Bi6FeCoTi3O18 films are studied. This study demonstrates that insertion of the conducting layer is a powerful method in achieving high quality layered oxide thin films, which opens the door to further understand the underline physics and to develop new devices. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Yun, Yu; Ma, Chao; Zhai, Xiaofang; Huang, Haoliang; Meng, Dechao; Wang, Jianlin; Fu, Zhengping; Peng, Ranran; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Yun, Yu; Huang, Haoliang; Meng, Dechao; Wang, Jianlin; Fu, Zhengping; Peng, Ranran; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Zhai, Xiaofang; Huang, Haoliang; Fu, Zhengping; Peng, Ranran; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Synerget Innovat Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum P, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Brown, Gail J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. RP Zhai, XF (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. EM xfzhai@ustc.edu.cn; yllu@ustc.edu.cn RI Peng, Ranran/F-5934-2010; Ma, Chao/J-4569-2015 FU External Cooperation Program of BIC, Chinese Academy of Sciences [211134KYSB20130017]; National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB922000]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific of Research (AFOSR) FX This work was supported by the External Cooperation Program of BIC, Chinese Academy of Sciences (211134KYSB20130017), the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB922000) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. Y. Lu thanks the support from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific of Research (AFOSR). NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 11 U2 70 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 2015 VL 107 IS 1 AR 011602 DI 10.1063/1.4926499 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CM6TX UT WOS:000357824200009 ER PT J AU Rasna, M Cmok, L Evans, D Mertelj, A Dhara, S AF Rasna, M. V. Cmok, L. Evans, D. R. Mertelj, A. Dhara, Surajit TI Phase transitions, optical, dielectric and viscoelastic properties of colloidal suspensions of BaTiO3 nanoparticles and cyanobiphenyl liquid crystals SO LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article DE phase transitions; nanoparticles; viscoelastic properties; liquid crystals ID BENT-CORE MOLECULES; CARBON NANOTUBES; FREQUENCY; VISCOSITY; MIXTURES; CELLS AB We report experimental studies on the phase transitions and physical properties of colloidal suspensions of BaTiO3 nanoparticles and two cyanobiphenyl liquid crystals (4-pentyl-4MODIFIER LETTER PRIME-cyanobiphenyl and 4-octyl-4MODIFIER LETTER PRIME-cyanobiphenyl). From the differential scanning calorimetric measurements, we show that the nanoparticles have antagonistic effect on the isotropic to nematic and nematic to smectic-A phase transitions. The birefringence, dielectric anisotropy and splay elastic constant remain almost unchanged, whereas the bend elastic constant and rotational viscosity decrease considerably. The experimental results are discussed based on the possible contribution of BaTiO3 nanoparticles and free surfactant molecules in the suspensions. C1 [Rasna, M. V.; Dhara, Surajit] Univ Hyderabad, Sch Phys, Hyderabad 500134, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Cmok, L.] Univ Ljubljana, Dept Phys, Ljubljana 61000, Slovenia. [Evans, D. R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mertelj, A.] Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. RP Dhara, S (reprint author), Univ Hyderabad, Sch Phys, PO Cent Univ, Hyderabad 500134, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM sdsp@uohyd.ernet.in RI Mertelj, Alenka/C-6209-2011 OI Mertelj, Alenka/0000-0002-2766-9121 FU UPE-II; DST [SR/NM/NS-134/2010]; CSIR [03(1207)/12/EMR-II]; DST-PURSE FX We gratefully acknowledge the support from the UPE-II, DST(SR/NM/NS-134/2010), CSIR(03(1207)/12/EMR-II) and DST-PURSE. MVR acknowledges UGC-BSR for fellowship. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-8292 EI 1366-5855 J9 LIQ CRYST JI Liq. Cryst. PD JUL 3 PY 2015 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1059 EP 1067 DI 10.1080/02678292.2015.1021719 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA CO9YS UT WOS:000359533500016 ER PT J AU Quintana, C Millwater, HR Singh, G Golden, P AF Quintana, Carolina Millwater, Harry R. Singh, Gulshan Golden, Patrick TI Optimal allocation of testing resources for statistical simulations SO ENGINEERING OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE particle swarm optimization; Wishart distribution; multivariate t-distribution; optimal experiments; variance reduction AB Statistical estimates from simulation involve uncertainty caused by the variability in the input random variables due to limited data. Allocating resources to obtain more experimental data of the input variables to better characterize their probability distributions can reduce the variance of statistical estimates. The methodology proposed determines the optimal number of additional experiments required to minimize the variance of the output moments given single or multiple constraints. The method uses multivariate t-distribution and Wishart distribution to generate realizations of the population mean and covariance of the input variables, respectively, given an amount of available data. This method handles independent and correlated random variables. A particle swarm method is used for the optimization. The optimal number of additional experiments per variable depends on the number and variance of the initial data, the influence of the variable in the output function and the cost of each additional experiment. The methodology is demonstrated using a fretting fatigue example. C1 [Quintana, Carolina; Millwater, Harry R.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Mech Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Singh, Gulshan] Baker Hughes, Tomball, TX USA. [Golden, Patrick] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Millwater, HR (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Mech Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM harry.millwater@utsa.edu FU National Science Foundation through the CREST Center for Simulation, Visualization & Real Time Computing [HRD-0932339] FX This research effort was funded in part under a grant from the National Science Foundation [HRD-0932339] through the CREST Center for Simulation, Visualization & Real Time Computing. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-215X EI 1029-0273 J9 ENG OPTIMIZ JI Eng. Optimiz. PD JUL 3 PY 2015 VL 47 IS 7 BP 979 EP 993 DI 10.1080/0305215X.2014.933824 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA CH3WX UT WOS:000353962800007 ER PT J AU Wolf, EG Baugh, LM Kabban, CMS Richards, MF Prye, J AF Wolf, E. George Baugh, Laura M. Kabban, Christine M. Schubert Richards, Michael F. Prye, Jennifer TI Cognitive function in a traumatic brain injury hyperbaric oxygen randomized trial SO UNDERSEA AND HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE traumatic brain injury; hyperbaric oxygen; cognitive function; TBI; HBO; HBO2; HBOT; hydrostatic pressure; PTSD; post-traumatic stress disorder; PCL; PCL-M; PCL-C ID TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY; DELAYED NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYNDROME; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; POST-CONCUSSION SYNDROME; CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; PRESSURES; SYMPTOMS; VALIDITY AB Objective: Determine changes in cognition and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in subjects with traumatic brain injury (TBI) exposed to 2.4 atmospheres absolute (atm abs) breathing 100% oxygen vs. sham (1.3 atm-abs air). Methods: Fifty randomized subjects completed a total of 30 exposures. A concussion history was taken, then baseline, post-series, and six-week follow-up immediate post-concussion assessment and cognitive testing, Brain checkers and PTSD Checklist for Military (PCL-M) tests were administered. Results: No statistically significant differences between groups were noted, but both groups improved. Subgroups analyses, based on concussion history and individual test components, showed improvement in the treatment group vs. the sham. These subgroups included the number of concussive events, time from event to consent, loss of consciousness, visual memory, processing, go no go, and simple reaction time. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference between a sham and 2.4 atm abs hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) in cognitive scores from ImPACT and Brain checkers or composite scores in the PCL-M; however both groups showed improvement. Subgroups with favorable response to treatment are identified. Future studies evaluating HBO2 should consider concussion histories or focus on validating subgroup response to determine HBO2 as a potential adjunctive treatment for persistent symptoms following TBI. C1 [Wolf, E. George; Richards, Michael F.; Prye, Jennifer] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Hyperbar Med Dept, 59th Med Wing, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Baugh, Laura M.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Neurol, Med Grp 10, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Kabban, Christine M. Schubert] ENC Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Wolf, EG (reprint author), US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Hyperbar Med Dept, 59th Med Wing, Lackland AFB, TX USA. EM earl.wolf.ctr@us.af.mil FU Air Force Medical Service; U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery; U.S. Army Medical Materiel Development Activity; Injured Marine Semper Fi Fund FX The authors would like to recognize and thank the Air Force Medical Service for funding this research project; the U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery for funding temporary duty requirements; the U.S. Army Medical Materiel Development Activity for end of study funding; Ms. Sheila Galvin, Traumatic Brain Injury Program Coordinator for the Wounded Warrior Regiment USMC for her superb service in coordinating subject requirements; Ms. Karen Guenther and the Injured Marine Semper Fi Fund for transportation support for subjects; and Dr. Jason Cromar, while at USAFSAM, for coordinating the protocol. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI DURHAM PA 21 WEST COLONY PLACE, STE 280, DURHAM, NC 27705 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2015 VL 42 IS 4 BP 313 EP 332 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA DB5RM UT WOS:000368571300004 PM 26403017 ER PT J AU Johnson, JS Grimaila, MR Humphries, JW Baumgartner, GB AF Johnson, James S. Grimaila, Michael R. Humphries, Jeffrey W. Baumgartner, Gerald B. TI An analysis of error reconciliation protocols used in Quantum Key Distribution systems SO JOURNAL OF DEFENSE MODELING AND SIMULATION-APPLICATIONS METHODOLOGY TECHNOLOGY-JDMS LA English DT Article DE Quantum Key Distribution; error reconciliation; quantum cryptography ID CORRECTING CODES; TANNER GRAPHS AB Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a revolutionary security technology that exploits the laws of quantum mechanics to achieve information-theoretic secure key exchange. QKD enables two parties to "grow" a shared secret key without placing any limits on an adversary's computational power. Error reconciliation protocols have been developed that preserve security while allowing a sender and receiver to reconcile the errors in their respective keys. The most famous of these is the Cascade protocol, which is effective but suffers from a high communication complexity and low throughput. The Winnow protocol reduces the communication complexity over Cascade, but has the disadvantage of introducing errors. Finally, Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes have been shown to reconcile errors at rates higher than those of Cascade and Winnow, but with greater computational complexity. In this paper we evaluate the effectiveness of LDPC codes by comparing the runtime, throughput and communication complexity empirically with the Cascade and Winnow algorithms. The effects of inaccurate error estimation, non-uniform error distribution and varying key length on all three protocols are evaluated for identical input key strings. Analyses are performed on the results in order to characterize the strengths and weaknesses of each protocol. C1 [Johnson, James S.; Grimaila, Michael R.; Humphries, Jeffrey W.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Baumgartner, Gerald B.] Lab Telecommun Sci, College Pk, MD USA. RP Grimaila, MR (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, AFIT ENV, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.grimaila@afit.edu NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1548-5129 EI 1557-380X J9 J DEF MODEL SIMUL-AP JI J. Def. Model. Simul.-Appl. Methodol. Technol.-JDMS PD JUL PY 2015 VL 12 IS 3 BP 217 EP 227 DI 10.1177/1548512913503418 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA DA1IT UT WOS:000367550200002 ER PT J AU Raulerson, EL Hopkinson, KM Laviers, KR AF Raulerson, Evan L. Hopkinson, Kenneth M. Laviers, Kennard R. TI A framework to facilitate cyber defense situational awareness modeled in an emulated virtual machine testbed SO JOURNAL OF DEFENSE MODELING AND SIMULATION-APPLICATIONS METHODOLOGY TECHNOLOGY-JDMS LA English DT Article DE Cyberspace; intrusion detection; local area networks; modeling; sensor fusion ID NETWORK SECURITY; SYSTEMS AB Modern computer networks and the cyber attacks launched against them grow more complex each year. Analyzing network information can be complex and time consuming. Network defenders are routinely unable to orient themselves quickly enough to determine the expected system impact, much less defend the networks' resources. The network operator's time would be better spent finding and executing event responses to minimize damage. Current automated response systems are mostly limited to scripted responses based on data from a single source. Better automation is required. This paper presents a framework that aggregates data from heterogeneous network sensors, including intrusion detection systems and network vulnerability assessment tools. An impact rating system is proposed and tested that estimates the feasibility of an attack and its potential impact. The impact assessments allow decision makers to prioritize attacks in real time and attempt to mitigate the attacks in order of their estimated network impact to the network. Experimental results indicated that when administrators are only concerned with high-level attacks, impact assessments could eliminate a mean 51.21% of irrelevant data. When only concerned with high-and medium-level attacks, a mean of 34.03% of the data was irrelevant. This represents a significant reduction in the information administrators must process. C1 [Raulerson, Evan L.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hopkinson, Kenneth M.; Laviers, Kennard R.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Comp Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Raulerson, EL (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM evan.raulerson@afit.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1548-5129 EI 1557-380X J9 J DEF MODEL SIMUL-AP JI J. Def. Model. Simul.-Appl. Methodol. Technol.-JDMS PD JUL PY 2015 VL 12 IS 3 BP 229 EP 239 DI 10.1177/1548512914552530 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA DA1IT UT WOS:000367550200003 ER PT J AU Soban, DS Zeune, C AF Soban, Danielle S. Zeune, Cale TI Technology assessment for a complex aircraft system using technology scenarios SO JOURNAL OF DEFENSE MODELING AND SIMULATION-APPLICATIONS METHODOLOGY TECHNOLOGY-JDMS LA English DT Article DE Technology infusion; resource allocation; military transport; trade studies; short takeoff and landing; technology; aerodynamics; Technology Readiness Level AB Military decision makers need to understand and assess the benefits and consequences of their decisions in order to make cost efficient, timely, and successful choices. Technology selection is one such critical decision, especially when considering the design or retrofit of a complex system, such as an aircraft. An integrated and systematic methodology that will support decision making between technology alternatives and options while assessing the consequences of such decisions is a key enabler. This paper demonstrates, through application to a notional medium-range short takeoff and landing aircraft, one such enabler: the Technology Impact Forecasting (TIF) method. The goal of the TIF process is to explore both generic, undefined areas of technology, as well as specific technologies, and assess their potential impacts. This is actualized through the development and use of technology scenarios, and allows the designer to determine where to allocate resources for further technology definition and refinement, as well as provide useful design information. The paper particularly discusses the use of technology scenarios and demonstrates their use in the exploration of seven technologies of varying Technology Readiness Levels. C1 [Soban, Danielle S.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Belfast BT9 5AH, Antrim, North Ireland. [Zeune, Cale] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerodynam Technol Branch, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Soban, DS (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, 125 Stranmillis Rd,Ashby Bldg, Belfast BT9 5AH, Antrim, North Ireland. EM d.soban@qub.ac.uk NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1548-5129 EI 1557-380X J9 J DEF MODEL SIMUL-AP JI J. Def. Model. Simul.-Appl. Methodol. Technol.-JDMS PD JUL PY 2015 VL 12 IS 3 BP 305 EP 318 DI 10.1177/1548512914540230 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA DA1IT UT WOS:000367550200008 ER PT J AU Dougherty, S Simpson, JR Hill, RR Pignatiello, JJ White, ED AF Dougherty, Shane Simpson, James R. Hill, Raymond R. Pignatiello, Joseph J. White, Edward D. TI Nonlinear screening designs for defense testing: an overview and case study SO JOURNAL OF DEFENSE MODELING AND SIMULATION-APPLICATIONS METHODOLOGY TECHNOLOGY-JDMS LA English DT Article DE Empirical analysis; definitive screening; design of experiments; wind tunnel experiments ID RESPONSE-SURFACE EXPLORATION; FACTORIAL-DESIGNS; 3-LEVEL DESIGNS AB Recent efforts to improve the statistical rigor of both developmental and operational testing include recommendations to consider second-order screening designs. In this paper, we provide a broad review of screening designs and second-order screening designs. We then consider a real-world wind tunnel experiment case study from the recent published literature and use subject matter expertise to consider the viability of second-order screening design, a recently developed design called the DSD+, to sufficiently screen important factors in complex, nonlinear systems of interest using just a single experimental design. C1 [Dougherty, Shane] Headquarters US Air Force, Joint Base Andrews NAF Washington, Washington, DC USA. [Simpson, James R.] JK Analyt, New York, NY USA. [Hill, Raymond R.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Operat Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pignatiello, Joseph J.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Operat Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pignatiello, Joseph J.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [White, Edward D.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hill, RR (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rayrhill@gmail.com NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1548-5129 EI 1557-380X J9 J DEF MODEL SIMUL-AP JI J. Def. Model. Simul.-Appl. Methodol. Technol.-JDMS PD JUL PY 2015 VL 12 IS 3 BP 335 EP 342 DI 10.1177/1548512914542523 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA DA1IT UT WOS:000367550200010 ER PT J AU Hwang, J Wong, E AF Hwang, Jane Wong, Emily TI Non-healing, non-tender ulcer on shin SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA; CHRONIC LEG ULCERS; MALIGNANCY C1 [Hwang, Jane] San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX USA. [Wong, Emily] Scott Air Force Base, Dept Dermatol, Scott AFB, IL USA. RP Hwang, J (reprint author), Kunsan Air Base, PSC 2 Box 205, APO, AP 96264 USA. EM jane.hwang.1@us.af.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 64 IS 7 BP 421 EP 424 PG 4 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CW6VU UT WOS:000365137300009 PM 26324960 ER PT J AU Nussbaum, L Morrissey, M Ritchie, S AF Nussbaum, Lance Morrissey, Matthew Ritchie, Simon TI Scarring alopecia in a woman with psoriasis SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID LICHEN-PLANOPILARIS; UPDATE C1 [Nussbaum, Lance] Ramstein Air Base, Ramstein Miesenbach, Germany. [Morrissey, Matthew; Ritchie, Simon] San Antonio Mil Hlth Syst, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Ritchie, S (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Hlth Syst, 59MDSP-SGO7D,2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM simon.ritchie@us.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 64 IS 7 BP E1 EP E3 PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CW6VU UT WOS:000365137300001 PM 26324964 ER PT J AU Galvagno, SM Brayanov, J Corneille, MG Voscopoulos, CJ Sordo, S Ladd, D Freeman, J AF Galvagno, Samuel M. Brayanov, Jordan Corneille, Michael G. Voscopoulos, Christopher J. Sordo, Salvador Ladd, Diane Freeman, Jenny TI Non-invasive respiratory volume monitoring in patients with traumatic thoracic injuries SO TRAUMA-ENGLAND LA English DT Article DE Respiratory monitoring; thoracic trauma; rib fractures; impedance monitoring; non-invasive pulmonary monitoring ID CARE AB Background: Respiratory decompensation is common after traumatic thoracic injuries such as multiple rib fractures and pulmonary contusions. A continuous, non-invasive, impedance-based respiratory volume monitor generates right and left tidal volume measurements, reflecting air exchange in the lungs and derives an instantaneous respiratory rate. The feasibility of using unilateral respiratory volume monitor-based tidal impedance measurements to monitor respiratory status in trauma patients is evaluated. Methods: Three intensive care unit patients with three or more rib fractures following blunt trauma had continuous respiratory volume monitor measurements with a novel non-invasive impedance-based device (ExSpiron, Respiratory Motion Inc., Waltham, MA) and corresponding clinical data to permit analysis. Tidal impedance measurements were collected from both the injured and non-injured sides and converted into bilateral respiratory volume monitor measurements using advanced algorithms. Results: In Patient 1, following evacuation of a pneumothorax, the respiratory volume monitor showed a significant increase in tidal measurements coupled with a compensatory decrease in tidal measurements on the uninjured side and a decrease in respiratory rate. In Patient 2, tidal measurements were only slightly decreased on both the injured side and uninjured side; respiratory rate remained unchanged. This patient remained stable and required no intervention. Patient 3 demonstrated a sustained decrease in tidal measurements on the injured side that corresponded with radiograph findings and clinical deterioration leading to the need for endotracheal intubation. Conclusions: The results from these cases demonstrate that respiratory volume monitor can generate unilateral respiratory tidal measurements and respiratory rate in patients with traumatic thoracic injuries. Continuous respiratory volume monitor in patients with thoracic trauma has strong potential for application in the military, aeromedical, and other austere environments where respiratory monitoring is problematic. Future studies to investigate the utility of this technology are warranted. C1 [Galvagno, Samuel M.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Galvagno, Samuel M.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Program Trauma, Ctr Shock Trauma,Div Trauma Anesthesiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Galvagno, Samuel M.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Program Trauma, Ctr Shock Trauma,Div Crit Care Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Galvagno, Samuel M.] US Air Force Reserve, Davis Monthan AFB, AZ USA. [Brayanov, Jordan; Ladd, Diane; Freeman, Jenny] Resp Mot Inc, Waltham, MA 02452 USA. [Corneille, Michael G.; Sordo, Salvador] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Voscopoulos, Christopher J.] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol Pain & Perioperat Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Ladd, Diane] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Ladd, D (reprint author), Resp Mot Inc, 411 Waverley Oaks Rd,Bldg 1,Suite 150, Waltham, MA 02452 USA. EM dladd@respiratorymotion.com NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1460-4086 EI 1477-0350 J9 TRAUMA JI Trauma PD JUL PY 2015 VL 17 IS 3 BP 219 EP 223 DI 10.1177/1460408614551977 PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA CU8GV UT WOS:000363780600009 ER PT J AU Huie, LM Fowler, ML AF Huie, Lauren M. Fowler, Mark L. TI Strategies for Information Injection for Networks Estimating Emitter Location SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SENSOR NETWORK; DOA ESTIMATION; SYSTEMS; LOCALIZATION; ERRORS AB This paper considers the problem of emitter location in the presence of an adversary able to inject false information, where both the viewpoints of the adversary and locating network are considered. We begin by developing adversary strategies, which focus on degrading and redirecting the locating network. The locating network uses the time difference of arrival (TDOA) method and estimates the emitter location using both nonlinear least squares (LS) and the robust least median squares (LMS). Specifically, we determine the false sensor position the adversary should inject that maximally impacts the locating network by 1) minimizing the network's accuracy, and 2) redirecting the network's emitter location estimate. Similarly, we formulate a network's strategy for detecting the adversary's injection and develop a detector able to determine its presence under both adversary strategies. We present both theoretical and numerical results illustrating the effectiveness of the developed strategies. C1 [Huie, Lauren M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Fowler, Mark L.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. RP Huie, LM (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM lauren.huie@us.af.mil; mfowler@binghamton.edu FU AFOSR LRIR [09RI02COR] FX This work is supported in part by AFOSR LRIR 09RI02COR. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1597 EP 1608 DI 10.1109/TAES.2014.120442 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CS4AA UT WOS:000362015800002 ER PT J AU O'Connor, A Setlur, P Devroye, N AF O'Connor, Alan Setlur, Pawan Devroye, Natasha TI Single-Sensor RF Emitter Localization Based on Multipath Exploitation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID ALGEBRAIC-SOLUTION; FDOA MEASUREMENTS; LOCATION; DOPPLER; TDOA; ENVIRONMENTS; SCATTERING; SIGNALS AB This paper considers the problem of passive localization of a wideband RF emitter by exploiting the multipath interaction of the signal with the environment, as occurs in urban settings. The feasibility of localizing using times of arrival (TOAs) of multipath components is examined. Localization of an emitter with a known waveform in a bounded three-dimensional volume, without prior knowledge of the time of emission, is shown to be possible if there are at least five TOAs corresponding to known propagation paths. The primary contribution is a method to correctly associate measured TOAs with scattering surfaces. This method can cope with some unresolved TOAs, as well as spurious TOA measurements (clutter). Simulations are used to test the effects of scene geometry, clutter, and surface roughness on localization performance. C1 [O'Connor, Alan] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Setlur, Pawan] Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Devroye, Natasha] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP O'Connor, A (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Av Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM alan.oconnor@ll.mit.edu FU National Research Council; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-10-1-0239] FX A. O'Connor was supported by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship held at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate. P. Setlur and N. Devroye were partially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR; Award No. FA9550-10-1-0239). NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1635 EP 1651 DI 10.1109/TAES.2015.120807 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CS4AA UT WOS:000362015800005 ER PT J AU Okolo, W Dogan, A Blake, W AF Okolo, Wendy Dogan, Atilla Blake, William TI Effect of Trail Aircraft Trim on Optimum Location in Formation Flight SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID BIRDS AB Aircraft flight generates vortices that induce nonuniform wind distribution in their wake. A trailing/follower aircraft will experience induced wind components and gradients with various magnitudes and directions, depending on its location relative to the leader. This paper explores two methods of determining the relative location for optimum formation flight, termed the sweet spot. The relative location with the highest lift-to-drag ratio on the follower is denoted as the static sweet spot. In the second method, the trail aircraft is trimmed by adjusting the thrust and control surfaces to maintain its commanded position relative to the lead. The relative location requiring the least thrust is then assigned as the dynamic sweet spot. The results showed that, depending on the trail aircraft size, the static sweet spot might differ from the dynamic sweet spot. The effect of the leader weight and follower size on both static and dynamic sweet spot was also studied. It was discovered that the static and dynamic sweet-spot location changed when the size of the trail aircraft was modified. It was also observed that the static sweet spot remained the same but the dynamic sweet spot changed when the lead aircraft weight was modified. C1 [Okolo, Wendy; Dogan, Atilla] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Blake, William] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Okolo, W (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2015 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1201 EP 1213 DI 10.2514/1.C032865 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CS4JD UT WOS:000362041200016 ER PT J AU Reasor, DA Bhamidipati, KK Woolf, RK AF Reasor, Daniel A., Jr. Bhamidipati, Keerti K. Woolf, Reagan K. TI Numerical Predictions of Static-Pressure-Error Corrections for a Modified T-38C Aircraft SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID UNSTRUCTURED DYNAMIC MESHES; TRANSONIC FLOW; ALE SCHEMES; DESIGN; TUBE AB The objective of this work was to highlight modeling considerations for estimating the required static-pressure-error corrections using computational fluid dynamics. This work was performed to complement the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School activities that used a T-38C aircraft with a previously untested Pitot-static system. Before the flight test, it is highly desirable to have an estimate of how any modifications will affect sensor performance, and to possess the capability to explain any discrepancies from previous test programs. Estimates of this kind are only obtainable via wind-tunnel tests or through modeling and simulation. This work presents the computational fluid dynamics requirements and methodologies needed to estimate the static-pressure-error correction of a T-38C in the subsonic, transonic, and low supersonic regimes. Estimates are validated with flight-test results, and proposed solutions for further reduction of static-pressure error via modifications to the flight-tested Pitot-static-probe geometry are included. C1 [Reasor, Daniel A., Jr.; Bhamidipati, Keerti K.] US Air Force, Testing Tech Flight, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Woolf, Reagan K.] US Air Force, Performance & Flying Qual Flight, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Reasor, DA (reprint author), US Air Force, Testing Tech Flight, 412th Test Wing,812th Test Support Squadron, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2015 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1326 EP 1335 DI 10.2514/1.C032925 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CS4JD UT WOS:000362041200027 ER PT J AU Trelewicz, JR Longtin, JP Gouldstone, C Kennedy, PJ Donbar, JM AF Trelewicz, Jason R. Longtin, Jon P. Gouldstone, Christopher Kennedy, Paul J. Donbar, Jeffrey M. TI Heat Flux Measurements in a Scramjet Combustor Using Embedded Direct-Write Sensors SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID THERMAL SPRAY COATINGS; TRIBOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; HARSH ENVIRONMENTS; SUPERSONIC-FLOW; GROUND TEST; FABRICATION; FLAMEHOLDER; VALIDATION; SYSTEMS; FUEL AB Embedded heat flux sensors fabricated using direct-write technology have been developed and tested within a direct-connect gaseous hydrocarbon-fueled scramjet combustor under Mach 5 flight conditions. The sensors employed a multilayer thermopile architecture fabricated via the additive direct-write thermal spray process, which enables their integration directly onto the components to be tested. The sensors were embedded within a 0.50-mm-thick (0.020-in.-thick) thermal barrier coating on test plugs that were inserted into the tunnel for testing. Fuel equivalence ratios and dynamic pressures were varied from phi = 0.6 to 1.0 and Q = 24 and 48 kPa (500 and 1000 psf), respectively, with increases in the global heat flux found to depend on the tunnel location. Heat flux values ranging from 30 to 75 W/cm(2) (26 to 66 Btu/ft(2) . s) were measured downstream of the cavity flame holder, 20 to 150 W/cm(2) (18 to 132 Btu/ft(2) . s) in the cavity flame holder, and 20 to 40 W/cm(2) (18 to 35 Btu/ft(2) . s) upstream of the flame holder. Direct-write sensors reported heat flux trends that were consistent with separate area-averaged calorimetric measurements, and the local nature of the direct-write sensors enabled the detection of subtle transient phenomena not captured by calorimetry. C1 [Trelewicz, Jason R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Longtin, Jon P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mech Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Gouldstone, Christopher] MesoScribe Technol Inc, St James, NY 11780 USA. [Kennedy, Paul J.; Donbar, Jeffrey M.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Trelewicz, JR (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. FU U.S. Air Force [FA8650-08-C-2866]; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Aerospace Systems Directorate, High Speed Systems Division FX This work was supported by U.S. Air Force contract FA8650-08-C-2866. The authors gratefully acknowledge the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Aerospace Systems Directorate, High Speed Systems Division. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2015 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1003 EP 1013 DI 10.2514/1.B35585 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CR7PE UT WOS:000361542000002 ER PT J AU Poling, BS Brown, JL Heller, ER Stumpff, B Beckman, JA Hilton, AM AF Poling, B. S. Brown, J. L. Heller, E. R. Stumpff, B. Beckman, J. A. Hilton, A. M. TI Performance of commercial foundry-level AlGaN/GaN HEMTs after hot electron stressing SO MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE Gallium nitride (GaN); High electron mobility transistors (HEMTs); Electroluminescence; Hot electron ID GAN; TRANSISTORS; TEMPERATURE; RELIABILITY; IONIZATION; DEPENDENCE AB The performance degradation of commercial foundry level GaN HEMTs placed under a constant-power drain voltage step-stress test has been studied. By utilizing electroluminescence measurement techniques to optimize hot electron stress testing conditions (Meneghini, 2012), no significant permanent changes in saturation current (I-dss), transconductance (Gm), and threshold voltage (V-th) can be seen after stress testing of drain voltages from 30 V up to 200 V. We observe little permanent degradation due to hot electron effects in GaN HEMTs at these extreme operating conditions and it is inferred that other considerations, such as key dimensions in channel or peak electric field (Chynoweth, 1958; Zhang and Singh, 2001) [2,3], are more relevant to physics of failure than drain bias alone. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Poling, B. S.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Brown, J. L.; Stumpff, B.; Hilton, A. M.] Wyle, Dayton, OH USA. [Heller, E. R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Beckman, J. A.] Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH USA. RP Poling, BS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU High Reliability Virtual Electronics Center (HiREV) FX The authors wish to thank the High Reliability Virtual Electronics Center (HiREV) for funding and helpful discussions and the Reliability of Electronics Devices Failure Analysis and Characterization Laboratory (RED-FALCon) for test support. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0026-2714 J9 MICROELECTRON RELIAB JI Microelectron. Reliab. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 55 IS 8 BP 1187 EP 1191 DI 10.1016/j.microrel.2015.05.010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA CQ8OH UT WOS:000360867200008 ER PT J AU Drew, J Chou, VB Miller, C Borg, B Ingalls, N Shackelford, S AF Drew, Jennifer Chou, Victoria B. Miller, Catriona Borg, Bryson Ingalls, Nichole Shackelford, Stacy TI Clearing the Cervical Spine in a War Zone: What Other Injuries Matter? SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BLUNT TRAUMA; DISTRACTING INJURIES; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; RULE AB Background: Cervical spine clearance requires clinicians to assess the reliability of physical examination based on a patient's mental status and distracting injuries. Distracting injuries have never been clearly defined in military casualties. Methods: Retrospective review was conducted of patients entered into Department of Defense Trauma Registry January 2008 to August 2013, identifying blunt trauma patients with cervical spine injury and Glasgow Coma Score >= 14. Physical examination and radiology results were abstracted from medical records and injury diagnoses were obtained from Department of Defense Trauma Registry. Groups were compared, p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 149 patients met study criteria; 20 patients (13%) had a negative clinical examination of the cervical spine. Coexisting injuries identified in patients with negative physical examination included injuries in proximity to the neck (head, thoracic spine, chest, or humerus) in 17 (85%) patients. In 3 patients (15%), coexisting injuries were not in proximity to the neck and included pelvic, femur, and tibia fractures. All patients without coexisting injury (n = 37) had a positive physical examination. Conclusion: Physical examination of multitrauma casualties with neck injury may be unreliable when distracting injuries are present. When no distracting injuries were present, the physical examination was accurate in all patients. C1 [Drew, Jennifer] Canadian Forces Base Edmonton, Hlth Serv Grp Headquarters, Edmonton, AB T5J 4J5, Canada. [Chou, Victoria B.; Miller, Catriona; Shackelford, Stacy] Univ Maryland, Med Ctr, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Borg, Bryson] David Grant Med Ctr, Med Grp 60, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Ingalls, Nichole] Mike OCallaghan Fed Med Ctr, Med Grp 99, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. RP Drew, J (reprint author), Canadian Forces Base Edmonton, Hlth Serv Grp Headquarters, POB 10500 Stn Forces, Edmonton, AB T5J 4J5, Canada. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 180 IS 7 BP 792 EP 797 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00635 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CQ3SU UT WOS:000360523600022 PM 26126250 ER PT J AU Roberts, DA MacManus, DG Johnson, RA Grove, JE Birch, TJ Chaplin, RA AF Roberts, David A. MacManus, David G. Johnson, Rudy A. Grove, James E. Birch, Trevor J. Chaplin, Ross A. TI Passive Attenuation of Modal Cavity Aeroacoustics Under Supersonic and Transonic Conditions SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE OSCILLATIONS; MODULATION PROCESS; PLASMA ACTUATORS; FLOW; SOUND; LOADS AB Open cavities exposed to a grazing flow can exhibit large pressure fluctuations, which may result in damage to stores or components carried within a weapon bay. This study investigates the use of passive resonant absorbers based on Helmholtz resonators to attenuate the problematic pressure fluctuations that arise in cavity flows, under both transonic (0.80 CO2 + H and CO + HO2 --> CO2 + OH reactions, resulting in a mild third stage ignition for phi = 0.25 conditions. Additional examination of H-2 production and destruction reactions reveals similar reactions occurring in conventional and alternative jet fuels with CO-H-2-O-2 kinetics dominating the final stage oxidation kinetics. C1 [Oldani, Anna; Min, Kyungwook; Lee, Tonghun] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Valco, Daniel] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Edwards, James] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kweon, Chol-Bum] US Army, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. [Allen, Casey] Marquette Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. RP Lee, T (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM tonghun@illinois.edu RI Kweon, Chol-Bum/G-5425-2016 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-14-1-0212]; National Science Foundation [DGE-1144245] FX The authors gratefully recognize the support of the Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-14-1-0212. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant DGE-1144245. Finally, the authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Robert Morris from the Naval Research Laboratory for his fuel composition analysis work. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL PY 2015 VL 29 IS 7 BP 4597 EP 4607 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00917 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CP6VS UT WOS:000360026900065 ER PT J AU Kress, BT Hudson, MK Selesnick, RS Mertens, CJ Engel, M AF Kress, B. T. Hudson, M. K. Selesnick, R. S. Mertens, C. J. Engel, M. TI Modeling geomagnetic cutoffs for space weather applications SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Geomagnetic cutoffs ID SOLAR PROTONS; PARTICLE EVENTS; FIELD; RIGIDITY; PENETRATION; RADIATION; MAGNETOSPHERE; STATION AB Access of solar and galactic cosmic rays to the Earth's magnetosphere is quantified in terms of geomagnetic cutoff rigidity. Numerically computed grids of cutoff rigidities are used to model cosmic ray flux in Earth's atmosphere and in low Earth orbit. In recent years, the development of more accurate dynamic geomagnetic field models and an increase in computer power have made a real-time data-driven geomagnetic cutoff computation extending over the inner magnetosphere possible. For computational efficiency, numerically computed cutoffs may be scaled to different altitudes and directions of arrival using the known analytic variation of cutoff in a pure dipole magnetic field. This paper is a presentation of numerical techniques developed to compute effective cutoff rigidities for space weather applications. Numerical tests to determine the error associated with scaling vertical cutoff rigidities with altitude in a realistic geomagnetic field model are included. The tests were performed to guide the development of spatial grids for modeling cosmic ray access to the inner magnetosphere and to gain a better understanding of the accuracy of numerically modeled cutoffs. C1 [Kress, B. T.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kress, B. T.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Hudson, M. K.; Engel, M.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Selesnick, R. S.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Mertens, C. J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Kress, BT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bkress@northstar.dartmouth.edu FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0921979, ATM-1023332]; NSF [AGS-1023339] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation awards ATM-0921979 and ATM-1023332. Support was also provided by NSF grant AGS-1023339. The Dartmouth College radiation belt and geomagnetic cutoff codes used to produce the results presented in this paper are freely available to the public and can be obtained by contacting the author at brian.kress@colorado.edu. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 120 IS 7 BP 5694 EP 5702 DI 10.1002/2014JA020899 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CQ1TF UT WOS:000360381400034 ER PT J AU Mirfayzi, SR Kar, S Ahmed, H Krygier, AG Green, A Alejo, A Clarke, R Freeman, RR Fuchs, J Jung, D Kleinschmidt, A Morrison, JT Najmudin, Z Nakamura, H Norreys, P Oliver, M Roth, M Vassura, L Zepf, M Borghesi, M AF Mirfayzi, S. R. Kar, S. Ahmed, H. Krygier, A. G. Green, A. Alejo, A. Clarke, R. Freeman, R. R. Fuchs, J. Jung, D. Kleinschmidt, A. Morrison, J. T. Najmudin, Z. Nakamura, H. Norreys, P. Oliver, M. Roth, M. Vassura, L. Zepf, M. Borghesi, M. TI Calibration of time of flight detectors using laser-driven neutron source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID CHARGED-PARTICLES; CAPTURE THERAPY; FUSION; SCINTILLATORS; SPECTROMETRY AB Calibration of three scintillators (EJ232Q, BC422Q, and EJ410) in a time-of-flight arrangement using a laser drive-neutron source is presented. The three plastic scintillator detectors were calibrated with gamma insensitive bubble detector spectrometers, which were absolutely calibrated over a wide range of neutron energies ranging from sub-MeV to 20 MeV. A typical set of data obtained simultaneously by the detectors is shown, measuring the neutron spectrum emitted from a petawatt laser irradiated thin foil. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Mirfayzi, S. R.; Kar, S.; Ahmed, H.; Green, A.; Alejo, A.; Jung, D.; Zepf, M.; Borghesi, M.] Queens Univ Belfast, Ctr Plasma Phys, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Krygier, A. G.; Freeman, R. R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Clarke, R.; Norreys, P.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Cent Laser Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Fuchs, J.; Vassura, L.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, LULI, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Kleinschmidt, A.; Roth, M.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. [Morrison, J. T.] Air Force Res Lab, Prop Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Najmudin, Z.; Nakamura, H.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Norreys, P.; Oliver, M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Zepf, M.] Helmholtz Inst Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Borghesi, M.] ASCR, Inst Phys, ELI Beamlines Project, Prague 18221, Czech Republic. RP Mirfayzi, SR (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Ctr Plasma Phys, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. EM s.kar@qub.ac.uk RI Kar, Satyabrata/E-5220-2010 FU EPSRC [EP/J002550/1, EP/L002221/1, EP/E035728/1, EP/K022415/1, EP/J500094/1, EP/I029206/1]; Laserlab Europe [EC-GA 284464]; project ELI [CZ.1.05/1.1.00/483/02.0061]; project OPVK 3 [CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0279] FX The authors acknowledge funding from EPSRC [No. EP/J002550/1-Career Acceleration Fellowship held by S. K., Nos. EP/L002221/1, EP/E035728/1, EP/K022415/1, EP/J500094/1, and EP/I029206/1], Laserlab Europe (No. EC-GA 284464), projects ELI (Grant No. CZ.1.05/1.1.00/483/02.0061), and OPVK 3 (Grant No. CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0279). Authors also acknowledge the support of ESG, mechanical, and target fabrication staffs of the Central Laser Facility, STFC, UK. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 86 IS 7 AR 073308 DI 10.1063/1.4923088 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CO1SB UT WOS:000358934400035 PM 26233373 ER PT J AU MacDonald, GA Henney, CJ Alfaro, MD Hernandez, IG Arge, CN Lindsey, C McAteer, RTJ AF MacDonald, G. A. Henney, C. J. Diaz Alfaro, M. Hernandez, I. Gonzalez Arge, C. N. Lindsey, C. McAteer, R. T. J. TI ACTIVE REGION MORPHOLOGIES SELECTED FROM NEAR-SIDE HELIOSEISMIC DATA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: helioseismology; sunspots ID BIPOLAR MAGNETIC REGIONS; FLUX TRANSPORT; FAR-SIDE; SUN; MODEL; FIELDS; MAPS; HOLOGRAPHY; POLARITY AB We estimate the morphology of near-side active regions using near-side helioseismology. Active regions from two data sets, Air Force Data Assimilative Photospheric flux Transport synchronic maps and Global Oscillation Network Group near-side helioseismic maps, were matched and their morphologies compared. Our algorithm recognizes 382 helioseismic active regions between 2002 April 25 and 2005 December 31 and matches them to their corresponding magnetic active regions with 100% success. A magnetic active region occupies 30% of the area of its helioseismic signature. Recovered helioseismic tilt angles are in good agreement with magnetic tilt angles. Approximately 20% of helioseismic active regions can be decomposed into leading and trailing polarity. Leading polarity components show no discernible scaling relationship, but trailing magnetic polarity components occupy approximately 25% of the area of the trailing helioseismic component. A nearside phase-magnetic calibration is in close agreement with a previous far-side helioseismic calibration and provides confidence that these morphological relationships can be used with far-side helioseismic data. Including far-side active region morphology in synchronic maps will have implications for coronal magnetic topology predictions and solar wind forecasts. C1 [MacDonald, G. A.; McAteer, R. T. J.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Henney, C. J.; Arge, C. N.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Diaz Alfaro, M.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife, Spain. [Diaz Alfaro, M.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, Tenerife, Spain. [Hernandez, I. Gonzalez] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Natl Solar Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Lindsey, C.] Northwest Res Associates, Boulder, CO USA. RP MacDonald, GA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM gordonm@nmsu.edu OI Diaz Alfaro, Manuel/0000-0002-4839-872X FU NSF [1255024]; AFRL Space Scholars Program; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship [NNX14AO13H]; Spanish National Research Plan [AYA2010-17803]; AFRL; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX A large portion of the funding for this research was provided by NSF Career Grant #1255024. Significant funds were also provided by the AFRL Space Scholars Program, a program jointly administered by Universities Space Research Association and the Air Force Research Laboratory. The writing of this paper was supported by the 2014 NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship #NNX14AO13H. Part of this research was supported by the Spanish National Research Plan under project AYA2010-17803. The ADAPT model development is supported by AFRL and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). The input data utilized by ADAPT is obtained by NSO/NISP (NSO Integrated Synoptic Program). We thank C. Lindsey and D. Braun for making a large part of the far-side code available, which was adapted for near-side in this work. This work utilizes data obtained by the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) Program, managed by the National Solar Observatory, which is operated by AURA, Inc. under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The data were acquired by instruments operated by the Big Bear Solar Observatory, High Altitude Observatory, Learmonth Solar Observatory, Udaipur Solar Observatory, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, and Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2015 VL 807 IS 1 AR 21 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/807/1/21 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CO1VX UT WOS:000358945200021 ER PT J AU Hannan, S Gallagher, MA Perrin, AM AF Hannan, Saiful Gallagher, Mark A. Perrin, Anna M. TI Military Active and Reserve Component Mix: The Grey Space SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE military; allocation; resources; decision support; graphs; demand; part time; full time; employment AB The United States Air Force consists of two primary components: regular active and reserves. As a result of different deployment schedules and skill levels of personnel, these components differ in their associated costs and employee abilities. Although active-component service members are full-time employees, the majority of reserve members serve in the military on a part-time basis until activated by volunteering or mobilization. Before retiring from military service, active-component members often transition to the reserve component, resulting in a higher level of experience in these units. This enables the Air Force to retain experienced personnel at relatively lower costs and preserve its operational capability. Military analysts frequently assess policies regarding funding, resource allocation, and the balance between components using the Total Force Enterprise Analytic Framework. The five drivers of this framework are wartime demand and requirements, weapon system inventory, manpower inventory, employment policies, and cost. To simplify the evaluation and communication of component force mix options, we developed a graphical representation of the five-driver framework, which we called the grey space. This approach creates a visual representation of feasible options subject to the trade-off between cost and supply in terms of force structure size and component mix. Our depictions have enabled political constituents to better understand the feasible region. The United States Army and others analyzing the military have also adopted this approach. In this article, we discuss this graphical approach and its applications. C1 [Hannan, Saiful] Off Secretary Def, Washington, DC 20301 USA. [Gallagher, Mark A.] US Air Force, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Perrin, Anna M.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Hannan, S (reprint author), Off Secretary Def, Washington, DC 20301 USA. EM saiful.hannan@osd.mil; mark.a.gallagher16.civ@mail.mil; perrina3@msu.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU INFORMS PI CATONSVILLE PA 5521 RESEARCH PARK DR, SUITE 200, CATONSVILLE, MD 21228 USA SN 0092-2102 EI 1526-551X J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD JUL-AUG PY 2015 VL 45 IS 4 BP 283 EP 292 DI 10.1287/inte.2015.0795 PG 10 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA CN5XD UT WOS:000358505700001 ER PT J AU Kim, W Guo, JP Hendrickson, J AF Kim, Wonkyu Guo, Junpeng Hendrickson, Joshua TI Subwavelength metal grating metamaterial for polarization-selective optical antireflection coating SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HYPERBOLIC METAMATERIALS; LIGHT TRANSMISSION; SLITS AB A metamaterial structure consisting of a one-dimensional metal/air-gap subwavelength grating is investigated for optical antireflection for a germanium surface in the infrared regime. For incident light polarized perpendicularly to the metal grating lines, the metamaterial exhibits effective dielectric properties, and the Fabry-Perot-like resonance results in the elimination of the reflection and the enhancement of optical transmission. It is found that the subwavelength grating metamaterial antireflection structure does not require a deepsubwavelength grating period, which is advantageous for device fabrication. Optical transmittance as high as 93.4% with complete elimination of the reflection is shown in the midwave infrared range. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Kim, Wonkyu; Guo, Junpeng] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hendrickson, Joshua] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Guo, JP (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM guoj@uah.edu FU Alabama Graduate Research Scholars Program; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under LRIR [12RY05COR, 15RYCOR159] FX W. Kim acknowledges support from the Alabama Graduate Research Scholars Program. J. Hendrickson acknowledges the support from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under LRIR nos. 12RY05COR and 15RYCOR159. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 20 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2015 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1392 EP 1398 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.32.001392 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA CN9RQ UT WOS:000358787000018 ER PT J AU Sukharev, M Day, PN Pachter, R AF Sukharev, Maxim Day, Paul N. Pachter, Ruth TI Optical Response of Hybrid Plasmon-Exciton Nanomaterials in the Presence of Overlapping Resonances SO ACS PHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE exciton-plasmon coupling; surface plasmons; Fano resonance ID FANO RESONANCES; OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES; LIGHT; NANOSTRUCTURES; GEOMETRY AB We consider a hybrid plasmon-exciton system comprising a resonant molecular subsystem and three Au wires supporting a dipole mode that can be coupled to a dark mode in controllable fashion by variation of a symmetry parameter. The physics of such a system under strong coupling conditions is examined in detail. It is shown that if two wires supporting the dark mode are covered with molecular layers, the system exhibits four resonant modes for a strong coupling regime due to asymmetry and lifted degeneracy of the molecular state in this case, while upon having molecular aggregates covering the top wire with a dipolar mode, three resonant modes appear. Pump probe simulations are performed to scrutinize the quantum dynamics and find possible ways to control plasmon-exciton materials. It is demonstrated that one can design resonances when excited by femtosecond lasers. hybrid nanomaterials with highly pronounced Fano-type resonances when excited by femtosecond lasers. C1 [Sukharev, Maxim] Arizona State Univ, Coll Letters & Sci, Sci & Math Fac, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Day, Paul N.; Pachter, Ruth] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sukharev, M (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Coll Letters & Sci, Sci & Math Fac, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM maxim.sukharev@asu.edu; ruth.pachter@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Summer Faculty Fellowship) FX The authors acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Summer Faculty Fellowship 2013). NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2330-4022 J9 ACS PHOTONICS JI ACS Photonics PD JUL PY 2015 VL 2 IS 7 BP 935 EP 941 DI 10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00146 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA CN1OC UT WOS:000358188300021 ER PT J AU Curtis, JG Dossett, J Prihoda, TJ Teixeira, EC AF Curtis, Joseph G. Dossett, Jon Prihoda, Thomas J. Teixeira, Erica C. TI Effect of Bonding Agent Application Method on Titanium-Ceramic Bond Strength SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS-IMPLANT ESTHETIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE Analysis of variance; dental porcelain; materials testing; metal ceramic alloys; microscopy; electron; scanning; titanium ID COMMERCIALLY PURE TITANIUM; LOW-FUSING PORCELAIN; FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES; 3-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; DENTAL PORCELAIN; ALLOY; METAL; RESTORATIONS; GOLD; ADHESION AB PurposeAlthough milled titanium may be used as a substructure in fixed and implant prosthodontics, the application of the veneering porcelain presents particular challenges compared to traditional alloys. To address these challenges, some Ti ceramic systems incorporate the application of a bonding agent prior to the opaque layer. Vita Titankeramik's bonding agent is available as a powder, paste, and spray-on formulation. We examined the effect of these three application methods on the bond strength. Materials and MethodsFour titanium bars were milled from each of 11 wafers cut from grade II Ti using the Kavo Everest milling unit and a custom-designed milling toolpath. An experienced technician prepared the 25 x 3 x 0.5 mm(3) metal bars and applied bonding agent using one of three application methods, and then applied opaque, dentin, and enamel porcelains according to manufacturer's instructions to a 8 x 3 x 1 mm(3) porcelain. A control group received no bonding agent prior to porcelain application. The four groups (n = 11) were blindly tested for differences in bond strength using a universal testing machine in a three-point bend test configuration, based on ISO 9693-1:2012. ResultsThe average (SD) bond strengths for the control, powder, paste, and spray-on groups, respectively, were: 24.8 (2.6), 24.6 (2.6), 25.3 (4.0), and 24.1 (3.9) MPa. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison tests were performed between all groups. There were no statistically significant differences among groups (p = 0.951). ConclusionTitanium-porcelain bond strength was not affected by the use of a bonding agent or its application method when tested by ISO 9693-1 standard. C1 [Curtis, Joseph G.] US Air Force, Dept Prosthodont, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Dossett, Jon] US Air Force Dent Evaluat & Consultat Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. [Prihoda, Thomas J.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Teixeira, Erica C.] Univ Iowa, Dept Operat Dent, Coll Dent, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Teixeira, Erica C.] Univ Iowa, Dept Operat Dent, Dent Clin, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Teixeira, EC (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Operat Dent, Coll Dent, 229 Dent Sci Bldg S, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM Erica-teixeira@uiowa.edu NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1059-941X EI 1532-849X J9 J PROSTHODONT JI J. Prosthodont. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 24 IS 5 BP 394 EP 400 DI 10.1111/jopr.12234 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA CN4CK UT WOS:000358376400008 PM 25314910 ER PT J AU Kyle, BG AF Kyle, Brent G. TI The Lewd, the Rude, and the Nasty: A Study of Thick Concepts in Ethics SO PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Kyle, Brent G.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Kyle, BG (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM bgk5@cornell.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0031-8094 EI 1467-9213 J9 PHILOS QUART JI Philos. Q. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 65 IS 260 BP 576 EP 582 DI 10.1093/pq/pqv018 PG 7 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA CN1KP UT WOS:000358179200020 ER PT J AU Stamp, J AF Stamp, Jeffrey TI Aero-Static Warfare: A Brief Survey of Ballooning in Mid-nineteenth-century Siege Warfare SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Article AB Several nations experimented with military ballooning in the mid-nineteenth century, despite limitations such as lack of controllability. The key factor in whether or not the belligerents perceived ballooning as valuable was the type of warfare involved. When balloons were used in static warfare, such as siege conditions, their usefulness usually encouraged further experimentation. The American Civil War draws some stark contrasts between what balloons could do during static warfare, such as the siege of Island No. 10, and what they could not do in fluid combat, as in the failure at First Bull Run. Later, Brazil employed former Union aeronauts during the siege of Humaita in Paraguay, following which the French pioneered balloon "air mail" from besieged Paris during the Franco-Prussian War. Enemy efforts to defeat ballooning included Prussian invention of what may be the world's first purpose-built anti-aircraft gun, making the point that if an enemy thinks an innovation is valuable, then it is. C1 [Stamp, Jeffrey] US Air Force Acad, Hist, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 EI 1543-7795 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 79 IS 3 BP 767 EP 782 PG 16 WC History SC History GA CM6ZU UT WOS:000357841000007 ER PT J AU Burt, JM Josyula, E AF Burt, Jonathan M. Josyula, Eswar TI Global Sensitivity Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification for a Hypersonic Shock Interaction Flow SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION; DSMC AB Hypersonic gas flows over concentric double-cone configurations are commonly used to investigate shock-shock and shock wave/boundary-layer interaction phenomena, and are characterized by the formation of interacting flow structures that are highly sensitive to models used in flow simulation. The work presented here is intended to clarify the influence of several modeling parameters and approximations on simulation output quantities through a more general and systematic approach than has previously been employed for this type of flow, with the ultimate goal of improved model validation for simulation of hypersonic shock interactions. Global sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification techniques are integrated with a direct simulation Monte Carlo gas flow simulation code, and a large number of these Monte Carlo simulations are performed for a representative hypersonic double-cone flow. Aleatory and epistemic uncertainties are considered in sensitivity analysis/uncertainty quantification calculations, both independently and in combination, through a variety of probabilistic sampling procedures. These procedures include a novel uncertainty quantification technique that combines elements of importance sampling sensitivity analysis with Latin hypercube sampling, as an efficient surrogate-free means of simultaneously considering mixed uncertainty types. Following a strong engineering interest in surface heating augmentation due to hypersonic shock wave/boundary-layer interaction, this paper focuses on surface heat flux at a shock impingement point as an output quantity in sensitivity analysis/uncertainty quantification calculations; other output quantities of interest include impingement point pressure and the integrated force and heat transfer rate over the model surface. C1 [Burt, Jonathan M.; Josyula, Eswar] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Burt, JM (reprint author), Ohio Aerosp Inst, 22800 Cedar Point Rd, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. EM jonathanburt@oai.org NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 EI 1533-6808 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 29 IS 3 BP 439 EP 449 DI 10.2514/1.T4368 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA CM8HR UT WOS:000357940400002 ER PT J AU McLean, DE Meyers, EJ Guillory, VL Vandewalle, KS AF McLean, D. E. Meyers, E. J. Guillory, V. L. Vandewalle, K. S. TI Enamel Bond Strength of New Universal Adhesive Bonding Agents SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ETCH ADHESIVES; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; WATER DEGRADATION; DENTIN AB Purpose: Universal bonding agents have been introduced for use as self-etch or etch-andrinse adhesives depending on the dental substrate and clinician's preference. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of composite to enamel using universal adhesives compared to a self-etch adhesive when applied in self-etch and etchand- rinse modes over time. Methods and Materials: Extracted human third molars were used to create 120 enamel specimens. The specimens were ground flat and randomly divided into three groups: two universal adhesives and one self-etch adhesive. Each group was then subdivided, with half the specimens bonded in self-etch mode and half in etch-and-rinse mode. The adhesives were applied as per manufacturers' instructions, and composite was bonded using a standardized mold and cured incrementally. The groups were further divided into two subgroups with 10 specimens each. One subgroup was stored for 24 hours and the second for six months in 37 degrees C distilled water and tested in shear. Failure mode was also determined for each specimen. Results: A three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) found a significant difference between groups based on bonding agent (p<0.001) and surface treatment (p<0.001) but not on time (p=0.943), with no significant interaction (p>0.05). Clearfil SE in etch-and-rinse and selfetch modes had more mixed fractures than either universal adhesive in either mode. Conclusions: Etching enamel significantly increased the SBS of composite to enamel. Clearfil SE had significantly greater bond strength to enamel than either universal adhesive, which were not significantly different fromeach other. C1 [McLean, D. E.] CFB Trenton, Royal Canadian Dent Corps, Astra, ON, Canada. [Meyers, E. J.] US Air Force, Gen Dent, San Antonio, TX USA. [Guillory, V. L.] US Air Force, Prosthodont, San Antonio, TX USA. [Vandewalle, K. S.] US Air Force, Gen Dent, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP McLean, DE (reprint author), Yukon St, Astra, ON K0K 3W0, Canada. EM deidra.mclean@forces.gc.ca FU 59th Clinical Research Training Division, Joint Base San Antonio - Lackland, TX FX Funding for the study was provided by the 59th Clinical Research Training Division, Joint Base San Antonio - Lackland, TX. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 EI 1559-2863 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD JUL-AUG PY 2015 VL 40 IS 4 BP 410 EP 417 DI 10.2341/13-287-L PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA CM7KI UT WOS:000357870500010 PM 25575201 ER PT J AU Kowalski, PC Belcher, DC Keltner, NL Dowben, JS AF Kowalski, Peter C. Belcher, David C. Keltner, Norman L. Dowben, Jonathan S. TI Huntington's Disease SO PERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHIATRIC CARE LA English DT Article C1 [Belcher, David C.] US Air Force, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX USA. [Keltner, Norman L.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Nursing, Birmingham, AL USA. [Dowben, Jonathan S.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Pediat & Behav Hlth Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. EM normankeltner@gmail.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0031-5990 EI 1744-6163 J9 PERSPECT PSYCHIATR C JI Perspect. Psychiatr. Care PD JUL PY 2015 VL 51 IS 3 BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.1111/ppc.12121 PG 5 WC Nursing; Psychiatry SC Nursing; Psychiatry GA CM9GW UT WOS:000358016700002 PM 26010510 ER PT J AU Look, DC Leedy, KD AF Look, D. C. Leedy, K. D. TI Optical measurements and mapping in Ga- and Al-doped ZnO and Sn-doped In2O3 SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ellipsometry; Hall effect; indium tin oxide; In2O3; ZnO AB Hall-effect/conductivity measurements in TCO materials such as Ga-doped ZnO (GZO), Al-doped ZnO (AZO), and Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) determine Hall mobility mu(H) and sheet carrier concentration n(s) directly by measurements of current, voltage, and magnetic field. If thickness d is known, then n(s) can be converted into volume concentration n = n(s)/d. Optical measurements, on the other hand, determine analogous quantities mu(opt) and n(opt) indirectly, usually by invoking the Drude model of the dielectric constant. Here we compare mu(opt) and n(opt) obtained by Drude analysis of reflection, transmission, and spectroscopic-ellipsometry (SE) measurements, with mu(H) and n. Although reasonably good agreement between Hall effect and optical parameters can be obtained with all of these techniques, SE is especially attractive for non-destructive, high-density mapping of mu and n. Moreover, we can use degenerate scattering theory to convert maps of mu and n into maps of donor and acceptor concentration. This new mapping methodology is applied to GZO and ITO. (C) 2015 WILEY - VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Look, D. C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Look, D. C.] Wyle Labs Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Look, D. C.; Leedy, K. D.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM david.look@wright.edu FU DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46389]; AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0079]; NSF [1305193]; AFRL [HC1047-05-D-4005]; AFOSR lab task [14RY07COR] FX We wish to thank T.A. Cooper and W. Rice for technical assistance and A. Keifer for helpful discussions. Support is gratefully acknowledged from the following sources: DOE grant DE-FG02-07ER46389 (R. Kortan), AFOSR grant FA9550-10-1-0079 (K. Goretta), NSF award no. 1305193 (C. Ying), AFRL contract no. HC1047-05-D-4005 (D. Tomich), and AFOSR lab task 14RY07COR (G. Pomrenke). NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 28 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6300 EI 1862-6319 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 212 IS 7 BP 1427 EP 1432 DI 10.1002/pssa.201532020 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA CM4UA UT WOS:000357679200003 ER PT J AU Senseney, CT Grasmick, J Mooney, MA AF Senseney, Christopher T. Grasmick, Jacob Mooney, Michael A. TI Sensitivity of lightweight deflectometer deflections to layer stiffness via finite element analysis SO CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE finite element method; lightweight deflectometer; elastic modulus; nondestructive testing; flexible pavement ID FALLING-WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER; MODULUS AB A dynamic finite element (FE) model of lightweight deflectometer (LWD) loading on a two-layer soil system, validated with an analytical solution and experimental data, is presented. Peak dynamic FE vertical deflections can be substantially different (almost always smaller) than FE static deflections. The numerically simulated measurement depth of the LWD center sensor is found to be 2-2.5 times the plate diameter, deeper than other experimental studies. Using the FE model, we conduct a sensitivity analysis of peak vertical deflections to the top layer Young's modulus and underlying Young's modulus of two-layer systems. Peak deflections from the center sensor are found to be more sensitive to the top layer Young's modulus while peak deflections at radial offsets are found to be more sensitive to the underlying layer Young's modulus. Sensitivities of layer moduli to FE deflections offer guidance in selecting weighting factors for the inverse solver in an LWD back-calculation procedure. C1 [Senseney, Christopher T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Usafa, CO 80841 USA. [Grasmick, Jacob; Mooney, Michael A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Senseney, CT (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Usafa, CO 80841 USA. EM christopher.senseney@usafa.edu NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-3674 EI 1208-6010 J9 CAN GEOTECH J JI Can. Geotech. J. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 52 IS 7 BP 961 EP 970 DI 10.1139/cgj-2014-0040 PG 10 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA CL7FE UT WOS:000357137100010 ER PT J AU Edwards, AH Barnaby, HJ Campbell, KA Kozicki, MN Liu, W Marinella, MJ AF Edwards, Arthur H. Barnaby, Hugh J. Campbell, Kristy A. Kozicki, Michael N. Liu, Wei Marinella, Matthew J. TI Reconfigurable Memristive Device Technologies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE Memristor; radiation effects; ReRAM; 3-D integration ID PHASE-CHANGE MEMORY; RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORY; RESISTIVE-SWITCHING MEMORY; INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION PHENOMENA; PROGRAMMABLE METALLIZATION CELLS; SOLID-ELECTROLYTE MEMORY; DRIVEN ION MIGRATION; GETE-BASED ALLOYS; CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES; NONVOLATILE MEMORY AB In this paper, we present a review of the state of the art in memristor technologies. Along with ionic conducting devices [i.e., conductive bridging random access memory (CBRAM)], we include phase change, and organic/organo-metallic technologies, and we review the most recent advances in oxide-based memristor technologies. We present progress on 3-D integration techniques, and we discuss the behavior of more mature memristive technologies in extreme environments. C1 [Edwards, Arthur H.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Barnaby, Hugh J.; Kozicki, Michael N.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Mesa, AZ 85281 USA. [Campbell, Kristy A.] Boise State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Liu, Wei] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Marinella, Matthew J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Semicond Device R&D, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Edwards, AH (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Arthur.Edwards@us.af.mil; hbarnaby@asu.edu; KrisCampbell@boisestate.edu; michael.kozicki@asu.edu; wluee@umich.edu; matthew.marinella@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-11-1-0055]; Air Force Research Laboratory [Det 8/RVKVE, FA9452-13-1-0288]; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, DEPSCoR [FA9550-07-1-0546]; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA9453-08-2-0252] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was supported in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under Grant HDTRA1-11-1-0055 and the Air Force Research Laboratory Det 8/RVKVE under Grant FA9452-13-1-0288; and in part by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, DEPSCoR, under Grant FA9550-07-1-0546 and the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under Grant FA9453-08-2-0252. NR 231 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 13 U2 95 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUL PY 2015 VL 103 IS 7 SI SI BP 1004 EP 1033 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2015.2441752 PG 30 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CL2WE UT WOS:000356806900003 ER PT J AU Murray, V Pattichis, M Llamocca, D Lyke, J AF Murray, Victor Pattichis, Marios Llamocca, Daniel Lyke, James TI Field-Programmable Wiring Systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE Adaptive wiring panel (AWP); field-programmable wiring systems; reconfigurable manifold; self-healing circuits ID MULTI-FPGA SYSTEMS; GATE ARRAYS; DESIGN; ARCHITECTURE; INTERCONNECT; PANELS; TREES; RF AB Field-programmable wiring systems refer to methods and hardware that can maintain the interconnection of components of different types. Generally, field-programmable wiring systems support the use of multidomain fabrics that can be used to route analog, power, digital signals, optical, microwave signals, etc. This paper reviews fundamental concepts associated with the practical implementation of field-programmable wiring systems. The paper also provides different implementation examples and discusses a list of challenges and recommendations for future work in this area. C1 [Murray, Victor] Univ Ingn & Tecnol, Dept Elect Engn, Lima 2221, Peru. [Murray, Victor; Pattichis, Marios] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Llamocca, Daniel] Oakland Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. [Lyke, James] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Murray, V (reprint author), Univ Ingn & Tecnol, Dept Elect Engn, Lima 2221, Peru. EM vmurray@ieee.org; pattichi@unm.edu; llamocca@oakland.edu; spaceelectronics@kirtland.af.mil OI Llamocca, Daniel/0000-0003-1301-3655 NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUL PY 2015 VL 103 IS 7 SI SI BP 1159 EP 1180 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2015.2432123 PG 22 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CL2WE UT WOS:000356806900010 ER PT J AU Sorokulova, I Olsen, E Vodyanoy, V AF Sorokulova, Iryna Olsen, Eric Vodyanoy, Vitaly TI Biopolymers for sample collection, protection, and preservation SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Biopolymer; Acacia gum; Trehalose; Water; Soil; Air; Pathogens ID INTRACELLULAR TREHALOSE; STORAGE STABILITY; CELLS; RESISTANCE; DNA; SURVIVAL; EXTRACTION; BACTERIA; STRESS; GUMS AB One of the principal challenges in the collection of biological samples from air, water, and soil matrices is that the target agents are not stable enough to be transferred from the collection point to the laboratory of choice without experiencing significant degradation and loss of viability. At present, there is no method to transport biological samples over considerable distances safely, efficiently, and cost-effectively without the use of ice or refrigeration. Current techniques of protection and preservation of biological materials have serious drawbacks. Many known techniques of preservation cause structural damages, so that biological materials lose their structural integrity and viability. We review applications of a novel bacterial preservation process, which is nontoxic and water soluble and allows for the storage of samples without refrigeration. The method is capable of protecting the biological sample from the effects of environment for extended periods of time and then allows for the easy release of these collected biological materials from the protective medium without structural or DNA damage. Strategies for sample collection, preservation, and shipment of bacterial, viral samples are described. The water-soluble polymer is used to immobilize the biological material by replacing the water molecules within the sample with molecules of the biopolymer. The cured polymer results in a solid protective film that is stable to many organic solvents, but quickly removed by the application of the water-based solution. The process of immobilization does not require the use of any additives, accelerators, or plastifiers and does not involve high temperature or radiation to promote polymerization. C1 [Sorokulova, Iryna; Vodyanoy, Vitaly] Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Olsen, Eric] US Air Force Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Lab, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Vodyanoy, V (reprint author), Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM vodyavi@auburn.edu OI Vodyanoy, Vitaly/0000-0003-3092-6245 FU Air Force CRADA grant [13-268-SG-C13016] FX This study was supported by Air Force CRADA grant 13-268-SG-C13016. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 EI 1432-0614 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 99 IS 13 BP 5397 EP 5406 DI 10.1007/s00253-015-6681-3 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA CL2VV UT WOS:000356805600004 PM 25982001 ER PT J AU Weiss, A Baldwin, M Erwin, RS Kolmanovsky, I AF Weiss, Avishai Baldwin, Morgan Erwin, Richard Scott Kolmanovsky, Ilya TI Model Predictive Control for Spacecraft Rendezvous and Docking: Strategies for Handling Constraints and Case Studies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Constraints; model predictive control; obstacle avoidance; rendezvous and docking; spacecraft control ID TRAJECTORIES; ALGORITHM; GUIDANCE; SYSTEM AB This paper presents a strategy and case studies of spacecraft relative motion guidance and control based on the application of linear quadratic model predictive control (MPC) with dynamically reconfigurable constraints. The controller is designed to transition between the MPC guidance during a spacecraft rendezvous phase and MPC guidance during a spacecraft docking phase, with each phase having distinct requirements, constraints, and sampling rates. Obstacle avoidance is considered in the rendezvous phase, while a line-of-sight cone constraint, bandwidth constraints on the spacecraft attitude control system, and exhaust plume direction constraints are addressed during the docking phase. The MPC controller is demonstrated in simulation studies using a nonlinear model of spacecraft orbital motion. The implementation uses estimates of spacecraft states derived from relative angle and range measurements, and is robust to estimator dynamics and measurement noise. C1 [Weiss, Avishai; Kolmanovsky, Ilya] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Baldwin, Morgan; Erwin, Richard Scott] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87116 USA. EM avishai@umich.edu; afrl.rvsv@kirtland.af.mil; ilya@umich.edu FU American Society for Engineering Education through the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellow Program; National Science Foundation through the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, [1130160] FX This work was supported in part by the American Society for Engineering Education through the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellow Program and in part by the National Science Foundation through the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, under Award 1130160. Recommended by Associate Editor M. Mattei. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-6536 EI 1558-0865 J9 IEEE T CONTR SYST T JI IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 23 IS 4 BP 1638 EP 1647 DI 10.1109/TCST.2014.2379639 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA CK8XO UT WOS:000356523600034 ER PT J AU Rowan, AB Travis, WJ Shwalb, DA Isler, WC Park, J Kimura, J AF Rowan, Anderson B. Travis, Wendy J. Shwalb, David A. Isler, William C. Park, Jisuk Kimura, Jennifer TI Postdeployment Psychological Health and Interpersonal Problems Among Air Force Mental Health Personnel SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mental health personnel; military; postdeployment; posttraumatic stress; psychological health ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; MILITARY MEDICAL PERSONNEL; DEPLOYMENT; IRAQ; AFGHANISTAN; DEPRESSION; CARE; PROFESSIONALS; VETERANS; ALCOHOL AB This study is one of the first to use validated screening measures to examine the rates of self-reported mental health and interpersonal problems following deployment of military mental health personnel (MMHP). Research has examined the impact of deployment on military personnel finding 10.2% to 29.0% screen positive for at least one mental health problem. However, little is known about impacts of deployment among MMHP. Utilizing health data collected three to twelve months post-deployment from a sample of 759 Air Force MMHP, this study examined rates of positive screens for psychological health or interpersonal problems, subsequent confirmation of positive screens by a medical provider upon examination, and the demographic characteristics associated with psychological health or interpersonal problems. The study found 13.9% screened positive for "possible or probable PTSD," 4.6% for depressive symptoms, 3.9% for alcohol problems, and 12.6% for interpersonal problems. In total, nearly 26% screened positive for one or more psychological or interpersonal problem. Of those who screened positive, 48.5% of depressive problems, 36.0% of PTSD, 20.0% of alcohol problems and 29.7% of interpersonal problems were confirmed upon subsequent examination by a medical provider. Those who screened positive were more likely to be (a) female, (b) separated, widowed, or divorced, (c) a mental health nurse or psychiatric nurse practitioner, and (d) deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan. The significance, limitations, and implications of the results, along with recommendations for future research are discussed. C1 [Rowan, Anderson B.] Royal Air Force Lakenheath, US Air Force, Dept Def, Brandon, Suffolk, England. [Travis, Wendy J.] US Air Force Acad, US Air Force, Dept Def, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Shwalb, David A.] US Air Force, Dept Def, Andersen AFB, GU USA. [Isler, William C.] US Air Force, Dept Def, San Antonio, TX USA. [Park, Jisuk] Knowesis Inc, Analyt & Reporting, San Antonio, TX USA. [Kimura, Jennifer] US Air Force, Dept Def, Yokota AFB, Fussa, Japan. RP Rowan, AB (reprint author), 48 MDOS CC,Unit 5115, APO, AE 09461 USA. EM anderson.rowan@us.af.mil RI Nolasco, Arlette/D-9885-2016 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0899-5605 EI 1532-7876 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 27 IS 4 BP 242 EP 251 DI 10.1037/mil0000076 PG 10 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA CL5BS UT WOS:000356975400005 ER PT J AU Carrese, PO AF Carrese, Paul O. TI The Road to Character SO COMMENTARY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Carrese, Paul O.] US Air Force Acad, Polit Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Carrese, PO (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Polit Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER JEWISH COMMITTEE PI NEW YORK PA 165 E 56TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 0010-2601 EI 1943-4634 J9 COMMENTARY JI Commentary PD JUL-AUG PY 2015 VL 140 IS 1 BP 67 EP 69 PG 3 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA CL0NR UT WOS:000356639900027 ER PT J AU Hansberger, J AF Hansberger, Jason TI China's Hukou System: Markets, Migrants, and Institutional Change SO GOVERNANCE-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLICY ADMINISTRATION AND INSTITUTIONS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Hansberger, Jason] US Air Force, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Hansberger, J (reprint author), US Air Force, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0952-1895 EI 1468-0491 J9 GOVERNANCE JI Governance-Int. J. Policy Adm. I. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 28 IS 3 BP 414 EP 416 DI 10.1111/gove.12157 PG 3 WC Political Science; Public Administration SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA CK6AP UT WOS:000356310500016 ER PT J AU Oppenheimer, MW Weintraub, IE Sigthorsson, DO Doman, DB AF Oppenheimer, Michael W. Weintraub, Isaac E. Sigthorsson, David O. Doman, David B. TI Control of a Minimally Actuated Biomimetic Vehicle Using Quarter-Cycle Wingbeat Modulation SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID HOVERING INSECT FLIGHT; HAWKMOTH MANDUCA-SEXTA; MICRO-AIR VEHICLES; FLAPPING FLIGHT; POWER REQUIREMENTS; ROBOTIC INSECTS; AERODYNAMICS; KINEMATICS; MECHANICS; LIFT AB This paper describes a technique, called quarter-cycle constant period frequency modulation, to control the motion of wings on a flapping wing micro-air vehicle. This technique allows control over the wingbeat period and three additional points (the two zero crossings and the reversal of wing direction) within a single wingbeat cycle, allowing modulation of the wing's velocity to provide direct control over six degrees of freedom of overall vehicle motion. Using a blade element based aerodynamic model, both instantaneous and cycle-averaged forces and moments are analytically computed for a specific type of wingbeat motion that enables nearly decoupled, multi-degrees of freedom control of an aircraft. Wing motion is controlled using oscillators whose frequencies and three additional parameters change once per wingbeat cycle. A control oriented dynamic model of the vehicle is derived, which is based on a cycle-averaged representation of the forces and moments, and control derivatives are calculated. A cycle-averaged control law is designed to provide direct control over six degrees of freedom of the vehicle. C1 [Oppenheimer, Michael W.; Doman, David B.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Autonomous Control Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Weintraub, Isaac E.; Sigthorsson, David O.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oppenheimer, MW (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Autonomous Control Branch, 2210 8th St,Bldg 146,Room 305, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.oppenheimer@us.af.mil; isaac.weintraub.ctr@us.af.mil; david.sigthorsson.ctr.is@us.af.mil; david.doman@us.af.mil NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1187 EP 1196 DI 10.2514/1.G000548 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CK4HB UT WOS:000356183800002 ER PT J AU Miracle, DB AF Miracle, D. B. TI Critical Assessment 14: High entropy alloys and their development as structural materials SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE High entropy alloys; Alloy development; Structural metals; Equilibrium; High throughput experiments; ICMSE ID MULTICOMPONENT ALLOYS; COMBINATORIAL; EXPLORATION; METALS; DESIGN; TOOLS AB The field of high entropy alloys has exploded in its first 10 years. Vast opportunities for new compositions and microstructures are offered by this idea, but current efforts have become surprisingly focused on a narrow set of systems and on the search for single phase solid solution alloys. This perspective outlines the challenge to re-engage the full range of compositional and microstructural complexity in the search for new structural metals. We draw on extensive experience in the development of exquisite multiphase microstructures and define new high throughput experiments and computations that must be integrated to respond to this challenge. Broadening the scope is expected to provide dramatic new opportunities in the field of complex concentrated alloys. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Miracle, DB (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.miracle@us.af.mil NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 10 U2 56 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 EI 1743-2847 J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 31 IS 10 BP 1142 EP 1147 DI 10.1179/1743284714Y.0000000749 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CK9SN UT WOS:000356579900002 ER PT J AU Bruns, J Zearley, A George, T Scott-Emuakpor, O Holycross, C AF Bruns, Jeffery Zearley, Alyssa George, Tommy Scott-Emuakpor, Onome Holycross, Casey TI Vibration-Based Bending Fatigue of a Hybrid Insert-Plate System SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Fatigue; Testing; Gas turbine engine; Vibration; Materials ID LIFE PREDICTION; TI-6AL-4V; STRESS AB A hybrid bending specimen system was developed to reduce material waste when using the vibration-based fatigue method to gather high cycle fatigue (HCF) data. In the vibration-based fatigue method, a base-excited plate specimen is driven into a high frequency resonant mode until failure. Compared to the axial testing methods, vibration-based failure better represents the conditions and surface-initiated cracks experienced by structural components subject to high frequency vibrations, like blades and vanes in gas turbine engines. In addition, the method produces data over 40 times faster than conventional axial testing methods. Only a small portion of the vibration-based bending specimen is needed to determine crack initiation failure. In order to reduce material waste, a hybrid bending system was designed to test a small specimen held in a reusable carrier plate, thereby reducing material costs to gather HCF data. The final optimized design, the Bruns-Zearley plate specimen, produced fatigue data using 95 % less material. The results are comparable tofatigue data acquired from standard vibration-based plate specimen methods within a 95 % confidence interval. C1 [Bruns, Jeffery; Zearley, Alyssa] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [George, Tommy; Scott-Emuakpor, Onome; Holycross, Casey] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Scott-Emuakpor, O (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM onome.scott-emuakpor@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL); Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility (TEFF) FX The authors would like to thank the Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL), specifically the Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility (TEFF) for their financial support, facility and equipment access, and encouragement of this research. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 EI 1741-2765 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1067 EP 1080 DI 10.1007/s11340-015-0004-6 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA CJ6RT UT WOS:000355622000006 ER PT J AU Beck, JA Brown, JM Kaszynski, AA Cross, CJ Slater, JC AF Beck, Joseph A. Brown, Jeffrey M. Kaszynski, Alex A. Cross, Charles J. Slater, Joseph C. TI Geometric Mistuning Reduced-Order Models for Integrally Bladed Rotors With Mistuned Disk-Blade Boundaries SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC-ANALYSIS; VIBRATION AB New geometric mistuning modeling approaches for integrally bladed rotors (IBRs) are developed for incorporating geometric perturbations to a fundamental disk-blade sector, particularly the disk-blade boundary or connection. Reduced-order models (ROMs) are developed from a Craig-Bampton component mode synthesis (C-B CMS) framework that is further reduced by a truncated set of interface modes that are obtained from an Eigen-analysis of the C-B CMS constraint degrees of freedom (DOFs). An investigation into using a set of tuned interface modes and tuned constraint modes for model reduction is then performed, which offers significant computational savings for subsequent analyses. Two configurations of disk-blade connection mistuning are investigated: as-measured principal component (PC) deviations and random perturbations to the interblade spacing. Furthermore, the perturbation sizes are amplified to investigate the significance of incorporating mistuned disk-blade connections during solid model generation from optically scanned geometries. Free and forced response results are obtained for each ROM and each disk-blade connection type and compared to full finite element model (FEM) solutions. It is shown that the developed methods provide accurate results with a reduction in solution time compared to the full FEM. In addition, results indicate that the inclusion of a mistuned disk-blade connection deviations are small or conditions where large perturbations are localized to a small areas of the disk-blade connection. C1 [Beck, Joseph A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mfg & Ind Technol Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Brown, Jeffrey M.; Kaszynski, Alex A.; Cross, Charles J.] Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Slater, Joseph C.] Wright State Univ, Def Aerosp Studies, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Beck, JA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mfg & Ind Technol Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Joseph.Beck.8@us.af.mil OI Slater, Joseph/0000-0002-1923-9279 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X EI 1528-8900 J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2015 VL 137 IS 7 AR 071001 DI 10.1115/1.4029122 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA CJ7SY UT WOS:000355701200001 ER PT J AU Tossell, CC Kortum, P Shepard, C Rahmati, A Zhong, L AF Tossell, Chad C. Kortum, Philip Shepard, Clayton Rahmati, Ahmad Zhong, Lin TI You can lead a horse to water but you cannot make him learn: Smartphone use in higher education SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES; MOBILE; DEVICES AB Smartphone technology is penetrating world markets and becoming ubiquitous in most college settings. This study takes a naturalistic approach to explore the use of these devices to support student learning. Students that had never used a smartphone were recruited to participate and reported on their expectations of the value of smartphones to achieve their educational goals. Instrumented iPhones that logged device usage were then distributed to these students to use freely over the course of 1 year. After the study, students again reported on the actual value of their smartphones to support their educational goals. We found that students' reports changed substantially before and after the study; specifically, the utility of the smartphone to help with education was perceived as favorable prior to use, and then, by the end of the study, they viewed their phones as detrimental to their educational goals. Although students used their mobile device for informal learning and access to school resources according to the logged data, they perceived their iPhones as a distraction and a competitor to requisite learning for classroom performance. C1 [Tossell, Chad C.] US Air Force Res Lab, C4ISR Training Res, Continuous Learning Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Kortum, Philip] Rice Univ, Dept Psychol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Shepard, Clayton; Zhong, Lin] Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Rahmati, Ahmad] Broadcom Corp, Irvine, CA USA. RP Kortum, P (reprint author), Rice Univ, 6100 Main St MS 25, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM pkortum@rice.edu FU NSF HCC/IIS [0803556] FX The authors thank Amy Buxbaum, Wen Xing, Louis Fornage and Beth Herlin for their tremendous efforts on this project. We also greatly appreciate the comments provided by anonymous reviewers for the earlier versions of this manuscript. This research was supported by NSF HCC/IIS #0803556. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense or the US Government. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0007-1013 EI 1467-8535 J9 BRIT J EDUC TECHNOL JI Br. J. Educ. Technol. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 46 IS 4 BP 713 EP 724 DI 10.1111/bjet.12176 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA CJ9WS UT WOS:000355854600009 ER PT J AU Gowayed, Y Abouzeida, E Smyth, I Ojard, G Ahmad, J Santhosh, U Jefferson, G AF Gowayed, Y. Abouzeida, E. Smyth, I. Ojard, G. Ahmad, J. Santhosh, U. Jefferson, G. TI The role of oxidation in time-dependent response of ceramic matrix composites SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Ceramic-matrix composites; Creep; Residual/internal stress; Mechanical testing ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; SILICON-CARBIDE; CREEP-BEHAVIOR; DEGREES-C; KINETICS; AIR AB In this work, a model is constructed to account for the effect of oxidation of the fiber, fiber interface coating and surrounding matrix on the stress distribution and strain accumulation in ceramic matrix composites. The model includes the role of the fabric architecture, the effect of porosity and the distribution of cracks in its formulation and utilizes oxidation rate constants and phenomenological models for the progress of oxidation as reported in literature. Dwell fatigue experiments were carried out for silicon carbide/silicon carbide nitride (SiC/SiNC) and Melt infiltrated silicon carbide/silicon carbide (MI SiC/SiC) composites to evaluate their time-dependent strain accumulation. Strain accumulation due to oxidation calculated by the model was compared to time-dependent strain obtained from experiment and showed that the rate of strain accumulation due to oxidation was low before the fibers were exposed to the environment but drastically increased after that. Such high rate of strain accumulation can be one of the main causes for failure of the composite. Model results showed that strain accumulation in both composites due to oxidation was dependent on the stress level with the SiC/SiNC accumulating more strain at similar stress levels. This can be explained by the higher modulus of the MI SiC/SiC that limits deformation, reducing crack density and accordingly decreasing the chance of oxygen to infiltrate the specimen and oxidize the fibers. Strain accumulation due to oxidation was also dependent on the fabric architecture and stress distribution within the unit cell. Additionally, comparing the effect of the value of the linear and parabolic oxidation rate constants reported by different researchers showed that not only is their absolute value important, but also their ratio to one another. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jefferson, G.] AFRL RXLN, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Gowayed, Y.; Abouzeida, E.] Auburn Univ, Dept Polymer & Fiber Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Smyth, I.] Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT USA. [Ojard, G.] United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Ahmad, J.; Santhosh, U.] Struct Analyt Inc, Carlsbad, CA USA. RP Gowayed, Y (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Polymer & Fiber Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM gowayed@auburn.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA [FA8650-12-C-5107, FA8650-12-C-5108] FX The Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA supported this effort under contracts FA8650-12-C-5107 and FA8650-12-C-5108. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 EI 1879-1069 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 76 BP 20 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.02.005 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA CJ2ZE UT WOS:000355352400003 ER PT J AU Murrell, DA Raghunathan, R Lester, LF AF Murrell, David A. Raghunathan, Ravi Lester, Luke F. TI A Model for a Quantum-Dot Gain-Lever Mode-Locked Laser SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Quantum-dot; mode-locked laser; gain-lever ID SEGMENTED CONTACT METHOD; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; PULSE GENERATION; OPTICAL GAIN; MODULATION; LOCKING; CAVITY AB An alternative explanation of achieving passive mode-locking in a quantum-dot (QD) laser without a dedicated saturable absorber section is proposed. The method employs an analytical model based on the net gain modulation within the cavity. Two differentially pumped sections, operated in forward bias, may utilize the differential gain contrast between them to enable pulse formation. The large differential gain contrast available in QD media and the relative ease with which such devices can be fabricated extend the utility of this methodology for the development of a QD gain-lever mode-locked laser as a next generation optical source. Alternative cavity configurations that exclude a dedicated saturable absorber section and the concomitant reduction of intracavity losses provides another path in the development of short cavity lasers with high pulse repetition rates. C1 [Murrell, David A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Raghunathan, Ravi; Lester, Luke F.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Murrell, DA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM physicsdmurrell@gmail.com; raghunat@vt.edu; lflester@vt.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0049]; Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, NM, USA [FA9453-12-1-0132] FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant FA9550-12-1-0049 and in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, NM, USA, under Grant FA9453-12-1-0132. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1041-1135 EI 1941-0174 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2015 VL 27 IS 13 BP 1441 EP 1444 DI 10.1109/LPT.2015.2424687 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA CK1AK UT WOS:000355937100023 ER PT J AU Viswanathan, SP Sanyal, AK Leve, F McClamroch, NH AF Viswanathan, Sasi P. Sanyal, Amit K. Leve, Frederick McClamroch, N. Harris TI Dynamics and Control of Spacecraft With a Generalized Model of Variable Speed Control Moment Gyroscopes SO JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID RIGID-BODY; ATTITUDE; STABILIZATION AB The attitude dynamics model for a spacecraft with a variable speed control moment gyroscope (VSCMG) is derived using the principles of variational mechanics. The resulting dynamics model is obtained in the framework of geometric mechanics, relaxing some of the assumptions made in prior literature on control moment gyroscopes (CMGs). These assumptions include symmetry of the rotor and gimbal structure, and no offset between the centers of mass of the gimbal and the rotor. The dynamics equations show the complex nonlinear coupling between the internal degrees-of-freedom associated with the VSCMG and the spacecraft base body's rotational degrees-of-freedom. This dynamics model is then further generalized to include the effects of multiple VSCMGs placed in the spacecraft base body, and sufficient conditions for nonsingular VSCMG configurations are obtained. General ideas on control of the angular momentum of the spacecraft using changes in the momentum variables of a finite number of VSCMGs are provided. A control scheme using a finite number of VSCMGs for attitude stabilization maneuvers in the absence of external torques and when the total angular momentum of the spacecraft is zero is presented. The dynamics model of the spacecraft with a finite number of VSCMGs is then simplified under the assumptions that there is no offset between the centers of mass of the rotor and gimbal, and the rotor is axisymmetric. As an example, the case of three VSCMGs with axisymmetric rotors, placed in a tetrahedron configuration inside the spacecraft, is considered. The control scheme is then numerically implemented using a geometric variational integrator (GVI). Numerical simulation results with zero and nonzero rotor offset between centers of mass of gimbal and rotor are presented. C1 [Viswanathan, Sasi P.; Sanyal, Amit K.] New Mexico State Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Leve, Frederick] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [McClamroch, N. Harris] Univ Michigan, Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Sanyal, AK (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM sashi@nmsu.edu; asanyal@nmsu.edu; afrl.rvsv@kirtland.af.mil; nhm@engin.umich.edu NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-0434 EI 1528-9028 J9 J DYN SYST-T ASME JI J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2015 VL 137 IS 7 AR 071003 DI 10.1115/1.4029626 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CJ7SN UT WOS:000355699700003 ER PT J AU West, R Pelser, AC AF West, Ryan Pelser, Adam C. TI PERCEIVING GOD THROUGH NATURAL BEAUTY SO FAITH AND PHILOSOPHY LA English DT Article AB In Perceiving God, William Alston briefly suggests the possibility of perceiving God indirectly through the perception of another object. Following recent work by C. Stephen Evans, we argue that Thomas Reid's notion of "natural signs" helpfully illuminates how people can perceive God indirectly through natural beauty. First, we explain how some natural signs enable what Alston labels "indirect perception." Second, we explore how certain emotions make it possible to see both beauty and the excellence of the minds behind beauty. Finally, we explain how aesthetic emotions can involve indirect perception of God via the natural sign of natural beauty. C1 [West, Ryan; Pelser, Adam C.] Baylor Univ, US Air Force Acad, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RP West, R (reprint author), Baylor Univ, US Air Force Acad, Waco, TX 76798 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHILOSOPHY DOCUMENTATION CENTER PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA PO BOX 7147, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22906-7147 USA SN 0739-7046 EI 2153-3393 J9 FAITH PHILOS JI Faith Philos. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 32 IS 3 BP 293 EP 312 DI 10.5840/faithphil20157743 PG 20 WC Religion SC Religion GA DW3OL UT WOS:000383550800003 ER PT J AU Murphy, NR Gallagher, RC Sun, LR Jones, JG Grant, JT AF Murphy, Neil R. Gallagher, Regina C. Sun, Lirong Jones, John G. Grant, John T. TI Optical and chemical properties of mixed-valent rhenium oxide films synthesized by reactive DC magnetron sputtering SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Rhenium oxide; Ellipsometry; XPS; Thin films; Magnetron; Sputtering ID THIN-FILMS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CATALYSTS; ENERGY; XPS; ABSORPTION; OXIDATION; SYSTEM; OXYGEN; LAYERS AB Mixed-valent rhenium oxide thin films were deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering employing a metallic rhenium target within an oxygen argon environment. The oxygen and argon flow rates were systematically varied, while the extinction coefficient, k, of the deposited layers was monitored using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. In situ monitoring was used to identify absorption features specific to ReO3, namely, the minimization of k brought on by the gap between interband absorption features in the UV at 310 nm and the onset of free electron absorption at wavelengths above 540 nm. Based on these results, oxygen flow ratios of 50% and 60% were shown to produce films having optical properties characteristic of ReO3, and thus, were selected for detailed ex situ characterization. Chemical analysis via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that all films consisted largely of ReO3, but had some contributions from Re2O3, ReO2 and Re2O7. Additional monitoring of the chemistry, as a function of environmental exposure time, indicated a correlation between structural instability and the presence of Re2O3 and Re2O7 in the films. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Murphy, Neil R.; Jones, John G.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, WPAFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Gallagher, Regina C.] Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [Sun, Lirong; Grant, John T.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH USA. [Grant, John T.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Murphy, NR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM neil.murphy.1@us.af.mil NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 EI 1873-1252 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 45 BP 191 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.optmat.2015.03.035 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA CH2LW UT WOS:000353857700031 ER PT J AU Seastrand, S Serra, Y Castro, C Ritchie, E AF Seastrand, Simona Serra, Yolande Castro, Christopher Ritchie, Elizabeth TI The dominant synoptic-scale modes of North American monsoon precipitation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE North American monsoon; easterly waves; upper-level inverted troughs; gulf surge; mesoscale convective systems ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; TROPICAL EASTERLY WAVES; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; MEXICAN MONSOON; MOISTURE SURGES; SUMMER MONSOON; NAME 2004; PACIFIC; SYSTEM AB In this study, we explore the mechanisms of synoptic rainfall variability using observations from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite. Although previously shown to have an important impact on North American monsoon rainfall, tropical cyclones are excluded from this analysis, in order to focus on more frequent synoptic disturbances within the region. A rotated empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of North American monsoon rainfall during June to September 2002-2009 suggests that low-level tropical disturbances contribute to the leading two modes of precipitation variability within this region. These disturbances result in gulf surges or low-level surges of moisture up the Gulf of California, and provide a key moisture source to facilitate the development of organized convection. In the first mode, the low-level trough brings precipitation to lower elevations along the western slopes of the Sierra Madre Occidental south of Hermosillo, Mexico and over the southern Baja Peninsula. In the second mode, the low-level trough interacts with an upper-level inverted trough enhancing precipitation into the southwestern United States and northwest Mexico. In particular, the upper-level trough contributes to the easterly to northeasterly shear across the region, favouring mesoscale convective organization and enhanced deep convection over the Sierra Madre Occidental and higher elevations in southeast Arizona. The EOF methodology offers an objective approach for determining the dominant modes of precipitation for the monsoon region useful for identifying past and monitoring future low-frequency impacts on these modes. C1 [Seastrand, Simona] Univ Arizona, Dept Arid Land Resource Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Seastrand, Simona] US Air Force, Operat Weather Squadron 25, Tucson, AZ USA. [Serra, Yolande; Castro, Christopher; Ritchie, Elizabeth] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Seastrand, S (reprint author), US Air Force, Operat Weather Squadron 25, 3880 S Phoenix St,Room 107, Davis Monthan AFB, AZ 85707 USA. EM simona.seastrand@us.af.mil RI Ritchie, Elizabeth/B-4232-2016 OI Ritchie, Elizabeth/0000-0002-3413-5830 FU National Science Foundation [AGS 0756806] FX We would like to thank Zachary Finch and Richard Johnson for sharing their QG omega code used in this study. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments that improved the manuscript over its original version. This work was funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation (AGS 0756806). NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JUN 30 PY 2015 VL 35 IS 8 BP 2019 EP 2032 DI 10.1002/joc.4104 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM5OG UT WOS:000357737000025 ER PT J AU Basiri, A Vitebskiy, I Kottos, T AF Basiri, A. Vitebskiy, I. Kottos, T. TI Light scattering in pseudopassive media with uniformly balanced gain and loss SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PARITY-TIME SYMMETRY; NEGATIVE-INDEX METAMATERIALS; OPTICAL ISOLATION; REFRACTION AB We introduce a class of metamaterials with uniformly balanced gain and loss associated with complex permittivity and permeability constants. The refractive index of such a balanced pseudopassive metamaterial is real. An unbounded uniform pseudopassive medium has transport characteristics similar to those of its truly passive and lossless counterpart with the same real refractive index. However, bounded pseudopassive samples show some unexpected scattering features which can be further emphasized by including such elements in a photonic structure. C1 [Basiri, A.; Kottos, T.] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Vitebskiy, I.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Basiri, A (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. FU AFOSR MURI grant [FA9550-14-1-0037, LRIR-09RY04COR]; NSF grant [ECCS-1128571] FX This work was partially supported by an AFOSR MURI grant (Grant No. FA9550-14-1-0037), Grant No. LRIR-09RY04COR, and by a NSF grant (Grant No. ECCS-1128571). NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN 30 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 6 AR 063843 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.91.063843 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CL6PL UT WOS:000357089200006 ER PT J AU Wolff, G Bell, M Escobar, J Ruiz, S AF Wolff, Greg Bell, Michael Escobar, James Ruiz, Stefani TI Estimates of pertussis vaccine effectiveness in United States air force pediatric dependents SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Pertussis; Vaccine effectiveness; Immunization; Department of defense ID TEST-NEGATIVE DESIGN; INFLUENZA VACCINE; ADOLESCENTS; OUTBREAK; COVERAGE; CHILDREN AB Background: Pertussis vaccination compliance is critical for reduction in the prevalence of disease; however, the current acellular pertussis vaccine may not provide sufficient protection from infection. This study examined acellular pertussis vaccine effectiveness (VE) for Air Force dependents less than 12 years of age. Methods: We conducted a case-control study among Air Force pediatric dependents from 2011 to 2013, comparing cases with positive pertussis test results to controls who received the same lab tests with a negative result. Our study population was categorized by age group and vaccination status based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended pertussis vaccination schedule. VE was calculated with respect to vaccination status and pertussis lab results. Results: We compared 27 pertussis laboratory positive cases with 974 pertussis laboratory negative controls, 2 months to <12 years old. Comparing completely vaccinated to non-vaccinated patients, the overall VE was 78.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 48.6, 90.8; p <0.001). VE was highest among those 15 months to <6 years old: 97.6% (95% CI: 78.5, 99.7; p <0.001). Children 6 to <12 years old had the lowest VE: 48.5% (95% CI: -74.0, 84.7; p = 0.28). Comparing partially vaccinated patients to nonvaccinated patients yielded 64.2% (95% CI: -7.2, 88.1; p = 0.06) overall VE. Conclusions: Acellular pertussis vaccination was effective at preventing laboratory confirmed pertussis among our Air Force pediatric dependent population, with highest protection among completely vaccinated, young children. Older children received the lowest amount of protection. Partial vaccination had near significant protection. Our overall calculated pertussis VE corroborates other pertussis VE studies looking at similar age groups. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wolff, Greg; Bell, Michael; Escobar, James; Ruiz, Stefani] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wolff, Greg; Ruiz, Stefani] Solut Innovat Technol, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. RP Wolff, G (reprint author), USAF SAM PHR, Solut Innovat Technol, 3152 Presidential Dr, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. EM greg.wolff.1@us.af.mil NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X EI 1873-2518 J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 22 PY 2015 VL 33 IS 28 BP 3228 EP 3233 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.084 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CL8PC UT WOS:000357235600013 PM 25957071 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KA Pachter, R Day, PN Su, HB AF Nguyen, Kiet A. Pachter, Ruth Day, Paul N. Su, Haibin TI Theoretical analysis of structures and electronic spectra in molecular cadmium chalcogenide clusters SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; BASIS-SETS; TRANSITION-ELEMENTS; BULK SEMICONDUCTOR; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; COUPLED-CLUSTER; ORBITAL METHODS; QUANTUM DOTS; BUILT-UP; SIZE AB We present calculated structural and optical properties of molecular cadmium chalcogenide non-stoichiometric clusters with a size range of less than 1 nm to more than 2 nm with well-defined chemical compositions and structures in comparison to experimental characterization and previous theoretical work. A unified treatment of these clusters to obtain a fundamental understanding of the size, ligand, and solvation effects on their optical properties has not been heretofore presented. The clusters belong to three topological classes, specifically supertetrahedral (Tn), penta-supertetrahedral (Pn), and capped supertetrahedral (Cn), where n is the number of metal layers in each cluster. The tetrahedrally shaped Tn clusters examined in this work are Cd(ER)(4)(2-) (T1), Cd-4(ER)(10)(2-) (T2), and Cd10E4'(ER)(16)(4-) (T3), where R is an organic group, E and E' are chalcogen atoms (sulfur or selenium). The first member of the Pn series considered is M8E'(ER)(16)(2-). For the Cn series, we consider the first three members, M17E4'(ER)(28)(2-), M32E14'(ER)(36)L-4, and M54E32'(ER)(48)L-4(4-) (L = neutral ligand). Mixed ligand clusters with capping ER groups replaced by halogen or neutral ligands were also considered. Ligands and solvent were found to have a large influence on the color and intensity of the electronic absorption spectra of small clusters. Their effects are generally reduced with increasing cluster sizes. Blueshifts were observed for the first electronic transition with reduced size for both cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide series. Due to weakly absorbing and forbidden transitions underlying the one-photon spectra, more care is needed in interpreting the quantum confinement from the clusters' lowest-energy absorption bands. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Nguyen, Kiet A.; Pachter, Ruth; Day, Paul N.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nguyen, Kiet A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Day, Paul N.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Su, Haibin] Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore 639798, Singapore. RP Nguyen, KA (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kiet.nguyen.2.ctr@us.af.mil; ruth.pachter@us.af.mil RI Su, Haibin/A-9434-2008 OI Su, Haibin/0000-0001-9760-6567 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory DoD Supercomputing Resource Center FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Air Force Research Laboratory DoD Supercomputing Resource Center. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 21 PY 2015 VL 142 IS 23 AR 234305 DI 10.1063/1.4922320 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CL0HU UT WOS:000356623000015 PM 26093557 ER PT J AU Uskov, DB Lougovski, P Alsing, PM Fanto, ML Kaplan, L Smith, AM AF Uskov, D. B. Lougovski, P. Alsing, P. M. Fanto, M. L. Kaplan, L. Smith, A. Matthew TI Optimal mode transformations for linear-optical cluster-state generation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB We analyze the generation of linear-optical cluster states (LOCSs) via sequential addition of one and two qubits. Existing approaches employ the stochastic linear-optical two-qubit controlled-Z (CZ) gate with success rate of 1/9 per operation. The question of optimality of the CZ gate with respect to LOCS generation has remained open. We report that there are alternative schemes to the CZ gate that are exponentially more efficient and show that sequential LOCS growth is indeed globally optimal. We find that the optimal cluster growth operation is a state transformation on a subspace of the full Hilbert space. We show that the maximal success rate of postselected entangling n photonic qubits or m Bell pairs into a cluster is (1/2)(n-1) and (1/4)(m-1), respectively, with no ancilla photons, and we give an explicit optical description of the optimal mode transformations. C1 [Uskov, D. B.] Univ Brescia, Dept Math & Nat Sci, Owensboro, KY 42301 USA. [Uskov, D. B.; Kaplan, L.] Tulane Univ, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Lougovski, P.; Smith, A. Matthew] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Informat Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Alsing, P. M.; Fanto, M. L.; Smith, A. Matthew] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Uskov, DB (reprint author), Univ Brescia, Dept Math & Nat Sci, Owensboro, KY 42301 USA. EM dmitry.uskov@brescia.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; AFRL Information Directorate [FA 8750-11-2-0218]; NSF [PHY-1005709]; AFOSR FX This manuscript has been authored by UT-Batelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan. D.B.U. acknowledges support from AFRL Information Directorate under Grant No. FA 8750-11-2-0218; D.B.U. and L.K. acknowledge support from the NSF under Grant No. PHY-1005709; and P.M.A., M.L.F., and A.M.S. would like to thank AFOSR for support of this work. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of AFRL. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN 15 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 6 AR 062318 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.91.062318 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CK3QA UT WOS:000356129400005 ER PT J AU Katta, VR Blunck, DL Jiang, NB Lynch, A Gord, JR Roy, S AF Katta, Viswanath R. Blunck, David L. Jiang, Naibo Lynch, Amy Gord, James R. Roy, Sukesh TI On flames established with air jet in cross flow of fuel-rich combustion products SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Jet-in-cross-flow; Film-cooling; Diffusion flame; Autoignition; Preferential diffusion ID INVERSE DIFFUSION FLAMES; ENGINE DURABILITY IMPACTS; SECONDARY COMBUSTION; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; RATIO COMBUSTORS; NITRIC-OXIDE; HEAT RELEASE; TURBINE; SIMULATION; STABILITY AB Advances in combustor technologies are driving aircraft gas turbine engines to operate at higher pressures, temperatures and equivalence ratios. A viable approach for protecting the combustor from the high-temperature environment is to inject air through the holes drilled on the surfaces. However, it is possible that the air intended for cooling purposes may react with fuel-rich combustion products and may increase heat flux. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has developed an experimental rig for studying the flames formed between the injected cold air and the cross flow of combustion products. Laser-based OH measurements revealed an upstream shift for the flames when the air injection velocity was increased and downstream shift when the fuel content in the cross flow was increased. As conventional understanding of the flame stability does not explain such shifts in flame anchoring location, a time-dependent, detailed-chemistry computational-fluid-dynamics model is used for identifying the mechanisms that are responsible. Combustion of propane fuel with air is modeled using a chemical-kinetics mechanism involving 52 species and 544 reactions. Calculations reveled that the flames in the film-cooling experiment are formed through autoignition process. Simulations have reproduced the various flame characteristics observed in the experiments. Numerical results are used for explaining the non-intuitive shifts in flame anchoring location to the changes in blowing ratio and equivalence ratio. The higher diffusive mass transfer rate of hydrogen in comparison to the local heat transport enhances H-2-O-2 mixing compared to thermal dissipation rate, which, in turn, affects the autoignition process. While increasing the blowing ratio abates the differences resulting from non-equal mass and heat transport rates, higher concentrations of hydrogen in the fuel-rich cross flows accelerate those differences. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Katta, Viswanath R.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. [Blunck, David L.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jiang, Naibo; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Lynch, Amy; Gord, James R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Katta, VR (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 7610 McEwen Rd, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. EM vrkatta@gmail.com FU Air Force Contract [FA8650-12-C-2236]; Air Force Office for Scientific Research FX Financial support for this work was provided by the Air Force Contract #FA8650-12-C-2236 (Ms. Amy Lynch) and by the Air Force Office for Scientific Research (Dr. Chiping Li). NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 EI 1873-7153 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JUN 15 PY 2015 VL 150 BP 360 EP 369 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.02.006 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CE3FA UT WOS:000351710400043 ER PT J AU Dastidar, IG Khademi, V Bieler, TR Pilchak, AL Crimp, MA Boehlert, CJ AF Dastidar, I. G. Khademi, V. Bieler, T. R. Pilchak, A. L. Crimp, M. A. Boehlert, C. J. TI The tensile and tensile-creep deformation behavior of Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V(wt%) SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE In-situ SEM; EBSD; Tension; Creep; Titanium alloy; Deformation mode ID INDIVIDUAL WIDMANSTATTEN COLONIES; TITANIUM-ALLOY; HETEROGENEOUS DEFORMATION; TEMPERATURE CREEP; ALPHA-TITANIUM; SLIP; PLASTICITY; MECHANISM; SYSTEMS AB The deformation behavior of titanium (Ti) can be complex due to the lower crystal symmetry of the hexagonal a phase compared with metals based on cubic phases. The tensile and tensile-creep deformation behavior of a Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V(wt%) alloy with a weak crystallographic texture was investigated in-situ straining scanning electron microscopy. Tensile experiments were performed at room temperature (RT), 260 degrees C, 455 degrees C, and 650 degrees C, while tensile-creep experiments were performed at 370 degrees C and 455 degrees C. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) was performed both before and after the deformation, and slip trace analysis was used to identify the activation of the slip modes as a function of temperature and the associated global-stress-state Schmid factors. While extensive slip was characterized during the tensile tests, no twinning was observed. During the RT tensile tests the majority of the slip observed was on prismatic planes, while the relative activity of basal slip increased with temperature, such that at 455 degrees C, basal slip and prismatic slip were equally active. Some grain boundary and triple point cracking occurred during the elevated-temperature tensile deformation, while less slip activity and more grain boundary ledge formation were observed during the tensile-creep deformation. During tensile-creep, basal slip was more prevalent than prismatic slip and some transgranular cracks formed. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dastidar, I. G.; Khademi, V.; Bieler, T. R.; Crimp, M. A.; Boehlert, C. J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Pilchak, A. L.] AFRL RXCM, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Khademi, V.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Boehlert, CJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM boehlert@egr.msu.edu FU United States Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-FG02-10ER46637] FX This research was supported by the United States Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science through Grant no. DE-FG02-10ER46637. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 11 PY 2015 VL 636 BP 289 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2015.03.059 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CK0HK UT WOS:000355886100036 ER PT J AU Nan, TX Emori, S Boone, CT Wang, XJ Oxholm, TM Jones, JG Howe, BM Brown, GJ Sun, NX AF Nan, Tianxiang Emori, Satoru Boone, Carl T. Wang, Xinjun Oxholm, Trevor M. Jones, John G. Howe, Brandon M. Brown, Gail J. Sun, Nian X. TI Comparison of spin-orbit torques and spin pumping across NiFe/Pt and NiFe/Cu/Pt interfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATOR DRIVEN; EFFECTIVE-FIELD; MAGNETIZATION; VECTOR AB We experimentally investigate spin-orbit torques and spin pumping in NiFe/Pt bilayers with direct and interrupted interfaces. The dampinglike and fieldlike torques are simultaneously measured with spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance tuned by a dc-bias current, whereas spin pumping is measured electrically through the inverse spin-Hall effect using a microwave cavity. Insertion of an atomically thin Cu dusting layer at the interface reduces the dampinglike torque, fieldlike torque, and spin pumping by nearly the same factor of approximate to 1.4. This finding confirms that the observed spin-orbit torques predominantly arise from diffusive transport of spin current generated by the spin-Hall effect. We also find that spin-current scattering at the NiFe/Pt interface contributes to additional enhancement in magnetization damping that is distinct from spin pumping. C1 [Nan, Tianxiang; Emori, Satoru; Wang, Xinjun; Oxholm, Trevor M.; Sun, Nian X.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Boone, Carl T.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Jones, John G.; Howe, Brandon M.; Brown, Gail J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nan, TX (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM s.emori@neu.edu; n.sun@neu.edu RI Nan, Tianxiang/O-3820-2015; Nan, Tianxiang/A-8020-2016; Sun, Nian Xiang/F-9590-2010 OI Sun, Nian Xiang/0000-0002-3120-0094 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-14-C-5706, FA8650-14-C-5705]; W.M. Keck Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [51328203] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory through Contract No. FA8650-14-C-5706 and, in part, by Contract No. FA8650-14-C-5705, the W.M. Keck Foundation, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Grant No. 51328203. Lithography was performed in the George J. Kostas Nanoscale Technology and Manufacturing Research Center. S.E. thanks X. Fan and C.-F. Pai for helpful discussions. T.N. and S.E. thank J. Zhou and B. Chen for assistance in setting up the ST-FMR system and V. Sun for assistance in graphic design. NR 67 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 13 U2 72 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 11 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 21 AR 214416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.214416 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CK1KX UT WOS:000355967300004 ER PT J AU Gopalswamy, N Makela, P Akiyama, S Yashiro, S Xie, H Thakur, N Kahler, SW AF Gopalswamy, N. Maekelae, P. Akiyama, S. Yashiro, S. Xie, H. Thakur, N. Kahler, S. W. TI LARGE SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS ASSOCIATED WITH FILAMENT ERUPTIONS OUTSIDE ACTIVE REGIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE shock waves; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: filaments, prominences; Sun: flares; Sun: particle emission; Sun: radio radiation ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SHOCK FORMATION; SOHO MISSION; CYCLE 24; RADIO; SPACE; WAVES; ACCELERATION; SPECTRA; BURSTS AB We report on four large filament eruptions (FEs) from solar cycles 23 and 24 that were associated with large solar energetic particle (SEP) events and interplanetary type II radio bursts. The post-eruption arcades corresponded mostly to C-class soft X-ray enhancements, but an M1.0 flare was associated with one event. However, the associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs) were fast (speeds similar to 1000 km s(-1)) and appeared as halo CMEs in the coronagraph field of view. The interplanetary type II radio bursts occurred over a wide wavelength range, indicating the existence of strong shocks throughout the inner heliosphere. No metric type II bursts were present in three events, indicating that the shocks formed beyond 2-3 Rs. In one case, there was a metric type II burst with low starting frequency, indicating a shock formation height of similar to 2 Rs. The FE-associated SEP events did have softer spectra (spectral index >4) in the 10-100 MeV range, but there were other low-intensity SEP events with spectral indices >= 4. Some of these events are likely FE-SEP events, but were not classified as such in the literature because they occurred close to active regions. Some were definitely associated with large active region flares, but the shock formation height was large. We definitely find a diminished role for flares and complex type III burst durations in these large SEP events. Fast CMEs and shock formation at larger distances from the Sun seem to be the primary characteristics of the FE-associated SEP events. C1 [Gopalswamy, N.; Maekelae, P.; Akiyama, S.; Yashiro, S.; Xie, H.; Thakur, N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Maekelae, P.; Akiyama, S.; Yashiro, S.; Xie, H.; Thakur, N.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Kahler, S. W.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM nat.gopalswamy@nasa.gov FU NASA/LWS program; NSF [AGS-1358274]; NASA [NNX15AB77G, NNX15AB70G] FX We thank the Big Bear Solar Observatory and the Hida Observatory for making their H-alpha data available on line. We thank NOAA/NGDC for making the GOES proton data available. This work benefitted greatly from the open data policy of NASA. STEREO is a mission in NASA's Solar Terrestrial Probes program. SOHO is a project of international collaboration between ESA and NASA. The work of N.G., S.Y., S.A., and N.T. was supported by NASA/LWS program. P. M. was partially supported by NSF grant AGS-1358274 and NASA grant NNX15AB77G. H.X. was partially supported by NASA grant NNX15AB70G. NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2015 VL 806 IS 1 AR 8 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/806/1/8 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CL2XF UT WOS:000356810300008 ER PT J AU Zhang, YY de La Harpe, K Beckstead, AA Improta, R Kohler, B AF Zhang, Yuyuan de La Harpe, Kimberly Beckstead, Ashley A. Improta, Roberto Kohler, Bern TI UV-Induced Proton Transfer between DNA Strands SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER EXCITED-STATES; BASE-PAIR; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CHARGE SEPARATION; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; NATURAL DNA; AB-INITIO; B-DNA; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS AB UV radiation creates excited status DNA that lead to mutagenic photoptoducts. Photoexcitation of single-stranded DNA can transfer an electron between stacked bases, but the fate of excited states in the double helix has been intensely debated. Here, photoinduced interstrand proton transfer (PT) triggered by intrastrand electron transfer (ET) is detected for the first time by time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy and quantum mechanical calculations. Long-lived excited states are shown to be oppositely charged base pair radical ions. In two of the duplexes, the base pair radical anions are present as tautomers formed by interstrand PT. Charge recombination occurs on the picosecond time scale preventing the accumulation of damaging radicals or mutagenic tautomers. C1 [Zhang, Yuyuan; Beckstead, Ashley A.; Kohler, Bern] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [de La Harpe, Kimberly] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Improta, Roberto] Ist Biostrutture Bioimmagini, Consiglio Natl Ric, I-80136 Naples, Italy. RP Improta, R (reprint author), Ist Biostrutture Bioimmagini, Consiglio Natl Ric, Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80136 Naples, Italy. EM robimp@unina.it; kohler@chemistry.montana.edu RI Zhang, Yuyuan/D-6376-2013; Kohler, Bern/A-1728-2011 OI Kohler, Bern/0000-0001-5353-1655 FU NSF [CHE-1112560]; NASA [NNX12AG77G]; M. J. Murdock Charitable Trust; Italian Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR) [PRIN-2010ERFKXL]; French Agency for Research [ANR-12-BS08-0001-01] FX Work at Montana State University was supported by NSF (CHE-1112560) and NASA (NNX12AG77G). The TRIR spectrometer was constructed with funding from the M. J. Murdock Charitable Trust. R.I. was supported by the Italian Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR Grants PRIN-2010ERFKXL), and French Agency for Research Grant ANR-12-BS08-0001-01. The TOC graphic was prepared using the UCSF Chimera package.34 NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 6 U2 71 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 10 PY 2015 VL 137 IS 22 BP 7059 EP 7062 DI 10.1021/jacs.5b03914 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CK6EW UT WOS:000356322300022 PM 26005794 ER PT J AU Ding, L Melodia, T Batalama, SN Matyjas, JD AF Ding, Lei Melodia, Tommaso Batalama, Stella N. Matyjas, John D. TI Distributed resource allocation in cognitive and cooperative ad hoc networks through joint routing, relay selection and spectrum allocation SO COMPUTER NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE Cooperative communications; Cognitive ad hoc networks; Dynamic spectrum allocation; Cross-layer design ID RADIO NETWORKS; WIRELESS NETWORKS; THROUGHPUT; DIVERSITY; STRATEGIES AB Cooperative relaying and dynamic-spectrum-access/cognitive techniques are promising solutions to increase the capacity and reliability of wireless links by exploiting the spatial and frequency diversity of the wireless channel. Yet, the combined use of cooperative relaying and dynamic spectrum access in multi-hop networks with decentralized control is far from being well understood. We study the problem of network throughput maximization in cognitive and cooperative ad hoc networks through joint optimization of routing, relay assignment and spectrum allocation. We derive a decentralized algorithm that solves the power and spectrum allocation problem for two common cooperative transmission schemes, decode-and-forward (DF) and amplify-and-forward (AF), based on convex optimization and arithmetic-geometric mean approximation techniques. We then propose and design a practical medium access control protocol in which the probability of accessing the channel for a given node depends on a local utility function determined as the solution of the joint routing, relay selection, and dynamic spectrum allocation problem. Therefore, the algorithm aims at maximizing the network throughput through local control actions and with localized information only. Through discrete-event network simulations, we finally demonstrate that the protocol provides significant throughput gains with respect to baseline solutions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ding, Lei; Batalama, Stella N.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Melodia, Tommaso] Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Matyjas, John D.] US Air Force Res Lab, RIGF, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Ding, L (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM leiding@buffalo.edu; melodia@ece.neu.edu; batalama@buffalo.edu; john.matyjas@rl.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-14-1-0074] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract FA8750-14-1-0074. A preliminary version of this paper [1] appeared in the Proc. of IEEE Intl. Conf. on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON) 2010. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-1286 EI 1872-7069 J9 COMPUT NETW JI Comput. Netw. PD JUN 4 PY 2015 VL 83 BP 315 EP 331 DI 10.1016/j.comnet.2015.02.027 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA CL8LU UT WOS:000357227000021 ER PT J AU Deiner, LJ Rottmayer, MA Eigenbrodt, BC AF Deiner, L. Jay Rottmayer, Michael A. Eigenbrodt, Bryan C. TI The effect of milling additives on powder properties and sintered body microstructure of NiO SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED CERAMICS LA English DT Article DE nickel oxide; impact milling; sintering; densification; grain growth ID OXIDE FUEL-CELL; X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; NICKEL-OXIDE; HYDROGEN STORAGE; PARTICLE-SIZE; YSZ ANODES; NANOPARTICLES; CARBON; XPS; PERFORMANCE AB The evolution of powder particle size, crystal structure, and surface chemistry was evaluated for micron scale NiO powders subjected to impact milling with commonly employed milling additives: methanol, Vertrel XF, and amorphous carbon. The effect of the different comminution protocols on sintered body microstructure was evaluated for high temperature sintering in inert atmosphere (N-2). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that NiO powder surface chemistry is surprisingly sensitive to milling additive choice. In particular, the proportion of powder surface defect sites varied with additive, and methanol left an alcohol or alkoxy residue even after drying. Upon sintering to intermediate temperatures (1100 degrees C), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that slurry milled NiO powders exhibit hindered sintering behaviors. This effect was amplified for NiO milled with methanol, in which sub-500 nm grain sizes dominated even after sintering to 1100 degrees C. Upon heating to high temperatures (1500 degrees C), simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry/thermogravimetric analysis (DSC/TGA) showed that the powders containing carbon residues undergo carbothermal reduction, resulting in a melting transition between 1425 and 1454 degrees C. Taken together, the results demonstrated that when processing metal oxide powders for advanced ceramics, the choice of milling additive is crucial as it exerts significant control over sintered body microstructure. C1 [Deiner, L. Jay] CUNY, New York City Coll Technol, Dept Chem, 300 Jay St, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Rottmayer, Michael A.] US Air Force, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Eigenbrodt, Bryan C.] Villanova Univ, Dept Chem, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. RP Deiner, LJ (reprint author), CUNY, New York City Coll Technol, Dept Chem, 300 Jay St, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM Ldeiner@citytech.cuny.edu FU N.Y.S. Graduate Research and Teaching Initiative (GRTI); Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship program FX The authors thank the N.Y.S. Graduate Research and Teaching Initiative (GRTI) for financial support. L. J. D. thanks the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship program for fellowship support. The authors thank the Advanced Imaging Facility of the College of Staten Island for SEM images, and Prof. William L'Amoreaux and Dr. Mike Bucaro for their help with SEM images. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU TSINGHUA UNIV PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIV, RM A703, XUEYAN BLDG, BEIJING, 10084, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 2226-4108 EI 2227-8508 J9 J ADV CERAM JI J. Adv. Ceram. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 4 IS 2 BP 142 EP 151 DI 10.1007/s40145-015-0147-z PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA DE1XL UT WOS:000370419900009 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Lin, KC Eklund, D AF Lee, Jinho Lin, Kuo-Cheng Eklund, Dean TI Challenges in Fuel Injection for High-Speed Propulsion Systems SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SUPERSONIC CROSS-FLOWS; INDUCED IODINE FLUORESCENCE; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; LIQUID JETS; TRANSVERSE INJECTION; AEROSPACE PROPULSION; TURBULENT PRANDTL; SCRAMJET ENGINES; SCHMIDT NUMBERS; PRIMARY BREAKUP C1 [Lee, Jinho] NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Lin, Kuo-Cheng] Taitech Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45430 USA. [Eklund, Dean] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. FU Hypersonic Propulsion Element of Fundamental Hypersonic Program; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory's Robust Scramjet Program FX This work was sponsored by the Hypersonic Propulsion Element of the Fundamental Hypersonic Program under the leadership of A. Auslander and R. Gaffney (Associate Principal Investigators) and J. Pittman (Principal Investigator). The sponsorship of T. Jackson and R. Mercier under the auspices of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory's Robust Scramjet Program is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 121 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1405 EP 1423 DI 10.2514/1.J053280 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CH9WD UT WOS:000354386200001 ER PT J AU Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR AF Rizzetta, Donald P. Visbal, Miguel R. TI Plasma-Based Flow Control for Delay of Excrescence-Generated Transition SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; GLOW-DISCHARGE PLASMA; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SCHEMES; TURBULENCE; ACTUATORS AB Numerical simulations are carried out to explore flow control that delays transition generated by excrescence on a platelike geometry in subsonic flow. Both forward-facing and rearward-facing steps of small roughness heights are considered in the simulations. These are representative of joints and other surface imperfections on wing sections that disrupt laminar flow, thereby increasing skin friction and drag. Dielectric barrier discharge plasma-based flow control is employed to delay transition and increase the extent of the laminar flow region. Solutions are obtained to the Navier-Stokes equations, which were augmented by source terms used to characterize the body force imparted by a plasma actuator on the fluid. A simple phenomenological model provided these forces resulting from the electric field generated by the plasma. The numerical method is based upon a high-order numerical scheme and an implicit time-marching approach on overset mesh systems used to describe the steps. Very small-amplitude numerical forcing is applied to generate perturbations, which are amplified by the geometric disturbances and result in transition, similar to the physical situation. Both continuous and pulsed operations of actuators are investigated. Features of the flowfields are described, and comparisons are provided between the baseline and control cases. It is found that use of plasma actuators can maintain laminar flow for the entire length of the computational domain, resulting in a reduction of the integrated drag by up to 70%. C1 [Rizzetta, Donald P.; Visbal, Miguel R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerodynam Technol Branch, AFRL RQVA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rizzetta, DP (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerodynam Technol Branch, AFRL RQVA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U.S. Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Center at Stennis Space Center in Mississippi; Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio FX The work presented here was sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, under a task monitored by D. Smith. Computational resources were supported in part by a grant of supercomputer time from the U.S. Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Centers at the Stennis Space Center in Mississippi and Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio. The authors are grateful to D. Garmann for assistance provided in support of this work. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1455 EP 1467 DI 10.2514/1.J053289 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CH9WD UT WOS:000354386200005 ER PT J AU Stull, MC Clemens, MS AF Stull, Mamie C. Clemens, Michael S. TI Prosthetic Graft Patency in the Setting of a Polymicrobial Infection in Swine (Sus scrofa) SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Vascular Annual Meeting CY 2015 CL Chicago, IL C1 [Stull, Mamie C.] US Air Force, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Clemens, Michael S.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 61 IS 6 SU S MA PC208 BP 174S EP 174S PG 1 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA CS2FS UT WOS:000361884200321 ER PT J AU Belmont, E Ombrello, T Brown, M Carter, C Ellzey, J AF Belmont, Erica Ombrello, Timothy Brown, Michael Carter, Campbell Ellzey, Janet TI Experimental and numerical investigation of freely propagating flames stabilized on a Hencken Burner SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Laminar flames; Hencken burner; Sub-atmospheric pressure; Species profiles; OH PLIF ID BEAM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HEAT-FLUX METHOD; ETHYLENE FLAME; HYDROCARBONS; COMBUSTION; CHEMISTRY; MIXTURES; KINETICS; PROBES AB Detailed flame measurements are necessary for the development of accurate chemical kinetics models. This study characterizes quasi one-dimensional, laminar, nearly adiabatic, and freely propagating flames stabilized over a Hencken flat flame burner. Major reactant and product species in lean premixed methane/oxygen/argon and ethylene/oxygen/argon flames were measured through extractive sampling and absorption spectroscopy to obtain spatially-resolved species profiles of oxygen, methane, ethylene, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Experimental results were compared to numerical simulations of one-dimensional, freely propagating, adiabatic flames. Experimental and numerical results for flame speeds and species concentrations were largely in agreement within calculated uncertainty, indicating that data produced using a Hencken burner at sub-atmospheric pressure can be readily compared to numerical simulations without the need for flame or burner temperatures, which are prone to uncertainty. The influence of the extractive probe on flame structure was also investigated, and results suggest that the structure is less influenced by probe intrusion when the flame is highly stretched. (C) 2015 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Belmont, Erica] Univ Wyoming, Dept Mech Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Ombrello, Timothy; Brown, Michael; Carter, Campbell] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Ellzey, Janet] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Belmont, E (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Mech Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM ebelmont@uwyo.edu NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUN PY 2015 VL 162 IS 6 BP 2679 EP 2685 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.03.025 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CQ4RP UT WOS:000360592600032 ER PT J AU Kaufman, JR Eismann, MT Celenk, M AF Kaufman, Jason R. Eismann, Michael T. Celenk, Mehmet TI Assessment of Spatial-Spectral Feature-Level Fusion for Hyperspectral Target Detection SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing (WHISPERS) CY JUN, 2014 CL Lausanne, SWITZERLAND DE Hyperspectral imagery (HSI); image fusion; material identification; pansharpening; spatial-spectral feature extraction; target identification ID MOMENT INVARIANTS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; IMAGES; CLASSIFICATION; ALGORITHMS AB In this work, we assess the detection and classification of specially constructed targets in coincident airborne hyperspectral imagery (HSI) and high spatial resolution panchromatic imagery (HRI) in spectral, spatial, and joint spatial-spectral feature spaces. The target discrimination powers of the data-level and feature-level fusion of HSI and HRI are also directly compared in the spatial-spectral context using airborne imagery collected explicitly for this research. We show that in the case of Bobcat 2013 imagery, feature-level fusion of the HSI spectrum with spatial features derived from the coincident HRI data consistently results in fewer false alarms on the scene background as well as fewer misclassifications among the tested targets. Furthermore, this approach also outperforms schemes in which data-level fusion of the HSI and HRI imagery is performed prior to extracting spatial-spectral features. C1 [Kaufman, Jason R.; Celenk, Mehmet] Ohio Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Eismann, Michael T.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kaufman, JR (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM jkaufman@ieee.org NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 EI 2151-1535 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 8 IS 6 SI SI BP 2534 EP 2544 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2015.2420651 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CO6JW UT WOS:000359264000020 ER PT J AU Mancini, PM Jones, AR Granlund, KO Ol, MV AF Mancini, Peter M. Jones, Anya R. Granlund, Kenneth O. Ol, Michael V. TI Unsteady Aerodynamic Response of a Rapidly Started Flexible Wing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICRO AIR VEHICLES LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; KINEMATICS; AIRFOILS; VORTEX; FLIGHT AB Effects of camber and camber-change due to elastic deflection for aspect ratio 4.25 wings were examined for the classical unsteady problem of rectilinear translational acceleration. Direct force measurements and flow visualization by laser illumination of fluorescent dye allowed for the tracking of force history vs. evolution of the flowfield of rigid flat, rigid cambered, and flexible membranous wings. At low incidence (10 degrees and below), Wagner's approximation provides an accurate prediction of the time-evolution of lift for the rigid wings, beyond which flow separation leads to peaks in the force history and the camber-effect is no longer additive to the incidence effect. Both the rigid uncambered and cambered wings reach peak lift at 35 degrees, whereas the flexible wing experiences a form of stall-delay and reaches peak lift at 50 degrees. Due to the aeroelasticity of the flexible membrane, flow over the suction surface remains attached for much higher incidence angles than for the rigid wings. For incidence angles less than 30 degrees, the flexible wing's peak lift is lower than that of its rigid counterparts. However, beyond 30 degrees, the flexible wing experiences an aeroelastically-induced stall delay that allows lift to exceed the rigid analogs. C1 [Mancini, Peter M.; Jones, Anya R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Granlund, Kenneth O.; Ol, Michael V.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Mancini, PM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory under the Micro Autonomous Systems and Technology (CTA-MAST) program; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under the AFOSR Summer Faculty Fellowship Program FX This work was supported by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory under the Micro Autonomous Systems and Technology (CTA-MAST) program, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under the AFOSR Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 1756-8293 J9 INT J MICRO AIR VEH JI Int. J. Micro Air Veh. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 7 IS 2 BP 147 EP 157 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CN5QG UT WOS:000358483500005 ER PT J AU Green, PF Vaia, RA Katz, HE Russell, T Salleo, A Malliaras, G AF Green, Peter F. Vaia, Richard A. Katz, Howard E. Russell, Thomas Salleo, Alberto Malliaras, George TI MRS Communications, Polymers and Soft Matter special issue, Part A The functionality of polymers: fundamentals to technology Introduction SO MRS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Green, Peter F.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Vaia, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Katz, Howard E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Russell, Thomas] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Salleo, Alberto] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Malliaras, George] Ecole Natl Super Mines, St Etienne, France. RP Green, PF (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 2159-6859 EI 2159-6867 J9 MRS COMMUN JI MRS Commun. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 5 IS 2 BP 95 EP 95 DI 10.1557/mrc.2015.45 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CN1AK UT WOS:000358147300001 ER PT J AU Grabowski, CA Koerner, H Vaia, RA AF Grabowski, Christopher A. Koerner, Hilmar Vaia, Richard A. TI Enhancing dielectric breakdown strength: structural relaxation of amorphous polymers and nanocomposites SO MRS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL ENERGY-STORAGE; ENTHALPY RECOVERY; NANOPARTICLES; POLYSTYRENE; ASSEMBLIES; MATRIX; VOLUME AB The thermal history of amorphous polymers near the glass-transition temperature determines the extent to which macromolecules structurally relax, and ultimately their properties. Here, we report the correlation between physical aging, dielectric breakdown, and capacitive energy storage of polystyrene, poly(methyl-methacrylate), and associated silica nanocomposites. Guided by enthalphic recovery rates, dielectric break-down strength increased from 20% to 40% when aged at T-g-10 degrees C before use. The generality of improvement and connection to enthalpic recovery afford a means to design pre-service processing of new polymers and additive manufacturing techniques to reduce excess volume within the glass; and thereby reduce initiation and inhibit propagation of electronic failure. C1 [Grabowski, Christopher A.; Koerner, Hilmar; Vaia, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Grabowski, Christopher A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@us.af.mil RI Ma, Shilei/A-2421-2016 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory Materials & Manufacturing Directorate FX The authors thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Air Force Research Laboratory Materials & Manufacturing Directorate for their financial support along with V. McNeir and J. DeCerbo for their assistance with energy storage characterization, and C. Chi (Dupont de Nemours & Co.) for colloidal silica samples. The authors also thank the Bockstaller and Matyjaszewski groups (Carnegie Mellon University) and J. S. Meth (DuPont) for supplying nanocomposite samples and images. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 20 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 2159-6859 EI 2159-6867 J9 MRS COMMUN JI MRS Commun. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 5 IS 2 BP 205 EP 210 DI 10.1557/mrc.2015.29 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CN1AK UT WOS:000358147300008 ER PT J AU Lee, KM Tondiglia, VP White, TJ AF Lee, Kyung Min Tondiglia, Vincent P. White, Timothy J. TI Bistable switching of polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals between transparent and scattering modes SO MRS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT SHUTTERS; TEXTURE; DISPLAYS AB We report on the ability to switch an optical material composed of a polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal (polymer stabilized cholesteric texture, PSCT) between stable transparent (reflective) and scattering modes. The degree of scattering is controllable with the strength of the applied electric field. The mechanism for bistable switching of the PSCT is distinguished from prior examinations by employing electromechanical displacement of a stabilizing polymer network. The stable transparent (reflective) or scattering modes are induced with a variety of driving schemes employing both alternating and direct current fields. The relative degree of scattering can be varied to allow for grayscale control potentially useful in smart window and display applications. C1 [Lee, Kyung Min; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; White, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lee, Kyung Min] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Tondiglia, Vincent P.] Leidos, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Timothy.White.24@us.af.mil FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX We acknowledge funding from the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 29 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 2159-6859 EI 2159-6867 J9 MRS COMMUN JI MRS Commun. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 5 IS 2 BP 223 EP 227 DI 10.1557/mrc.2015.40 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CN1AK UT WOS:000358147300010 ER PT J AU Reames, DV Cliver, EW Kahler, SW AF Reames, Donald V. Cliver, Edward W. Kahler, Stephen W. TI Temperature of the Source Plasma for Impulsive Solar Energetic Particles SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Solar energetic particles; Solar flares; Coronal mass ejections; Solar system abundances ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION MECHANISM; ABUNDANCE ENHANCEMENTS; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; CHARGE STATES; HIGH-ENERGIES; IONIC CHARGE; HEAVY-IONS; STOCHASTIC ACCELERATION; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION AB The steep power-law dependence of element abundance enhancements on the mass-to-charge ratios [] of the ions in impulsive solar energetic-particle (SEP) events causes these enhancements to reflect the temperature-dependent pattern of of the ions in the source plasma. We searched for SEP events from coronal plasma that is hotter or cooler than the limited region of 2.5 -aEuro parts per thousand 3.2 MK previously found to dominate 111 impulsive SEP events. Fifteen new events were found, four (three) originating in 2-MK (4-MK) plasma, but none from outside this temperature range. Although the impulsive SEP events are strongly associated with flares, this result indicates that these ions are not accelerated from flare-heated plasma, which can often exceed 10 MK. Evidently the ions of that we observe in space are accelerated from active-region plasma on open magnetic-field lines near the flare, but not from the closed loops of the flare. The power-law dependence of the abundance enhancements on of the ions is expected from theoretical models of acceleration from regions of magnetic reconnection. C1 [Reames, Donald V.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cliver, Edward W.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Kahler, Stephen W.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Reames, DV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dvreames@umd.edu; ecliver@nso.edu; stephen.kahler@kirtland.af.mil FU AFOSR [15RV-COR167] FX S. Kahler was funded by AFOSR Task 15RV-COR167. NR 76 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 290 IS 6 BP 1761 EP 1774 DI 10.1007/s11207-015-0711-2 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CM9YX UT WOS:000358068200013 ER PT J AU Johnston, WR O'Brien, TP Ginet, GP AF Johnston, W. Robert O'Brien, T. Paul Ginet, Gregory P. TI Release of AE9/AP9/SPM Radiation Belt and Space Plasma Model Version 1.20.002 SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT News Item DE radiation belt model; space plasma model C1 [Johnston, W. Robert] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [O'Brien, T. Paul] Aerosp Corp, Dept Space Sci, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Johnston, WR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM AFRL.RVBXR.AE9.AP9.Org.Mbx@us.af.mil; paul.obrien@aero.org; gregory.ginet@ll.mit.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JUN PY 2015 VL 13 IS 6 BP 368 EP 368 DI 10.1002/2015SW001212 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM8NT UT WOS:000357959400005 ER PT J AU Mbonimpa, EG Gautam, S Lai, L Kumar, S Bonta, JV Wang, X Rafique, R AF Mbonimpa, E. G. Gautam, S. Lai, L. Kumar, S. Bonta, J. V. Wang, X. Rafique, R. TI Combined PEST and Trial-Error approach to improve APEX calibration SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE APEX; PEST; Trial and error; Calibration; Surface runoff ID HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; WATER-QUALITY; RUNOFF; CROPLAND; OPTIMIZATION; CONSERVATION; VALIDATION; LANDSCAPES; SIMULATION; EROSION AB The Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender (APEX), a comprehensive hydrologic model well-suited for small watersheds, requires understanding of the input parameters for improved calibration. The "trial and error" method for calibrating the APEX model has been used very commonly in previous studies. In this study, the automatic calibration software Parameter Estimation (PEST) was combined with the conventional trial-and-error method to improve APEX calibration. The proposed Combined PEST and Trial Error (CPTE) approach can overcome: (i) weaknesses of "Trial Error' method in terms of tediousness and subjectivity involved in the decision to end a calibration, and (ii) drawback of PEST in that it may lead to biased simulation due to ignoring local specific condition. A case study was developed to verify the CPTE approach. The results based on APEX runoff simulation indicate that the CPTE approach greatly improved the calibration of APEX model with respect to model performance criteria. Coupling inverse modeling and trial error manual method can be an efficient and effective alternative in calibrating the APEX model. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mbonimpa, E. G.; Gautam, S.; Lai, L.; Kumar, S.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Mbonimpa, E. G.] US Air Force, Dept Syst Engn & Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bonta, J. V.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Wang, X.] Texas AgriLife Res, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX USA. [Rafique, R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Gautam, S.] Univ Missouri, Dept Bioengn, Columbia, MO 56211 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Sandeep.Kumar@sdstate.edu FU USDA-NIFA [OHO01089-SS] FX Authors would like to acknowledge the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)-ARS personnel for providing hydrology data for this study. This research is part of a project supported by the USDA-NIFA, Project No. OHO01089-SS, "Quantifying the spatial location of small-scale land management changes in large watersheds using hydrological modeling". NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 EI 1872-7107 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 114 BP 296 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2015.04.014 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA CL8RI UT WOS:000357241400031 ER PT J AU Wang, ZT Gary, DE Fleishman, GD White, SM AF Wang, Zhitao Gary, Dale E. Fleishman, Gregory D. White, Stephen M. TI CORONAL MAGNETOGRAPHY OF A SIMULATED SOLAR ACTIVE REGION FROM MICROWAVE IMAGING SPECTROPOLARIMETRY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: magnetic fields; Sun: radio radiation ID SLOWLY CHANGING COMPONENT; MAGNETIC-FIELD; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; GYRORESONANCE EMISSION; RADIO EMISSION; MODEL; FLARE; ARRAY AB We have simulated the Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array (EOVSA) radio images generated at multiple frequencies from a model solar active region, embedded in a realistic solar disk model, and explored the resulting data cube for different spectral analysis schemes to evaluate the potential for realizing one of EOVSA's most important scientific goals-coronal magnetography. In this paper, we focus on modeling the gyroresonance and free-free emission from an on-disk solar active region model with realistic complexities in electron density, temperature and magnetic field distribution. We compare the magnetic field parameters extrapolated from the image data cube along each line of sight after folding through the EOVSA instrumental profile with the original (unfolded) parameters used in the model. We find that even the most easily automated, image-based analysis approach (Level-0) provides reasonable quantitative results, although they are affected by systematic effects due to finite sampling in the Fourier (UV) plane. Finally, we note the potential for errors due to misidentified harmonics of the gyrofrequency, and discuss the prospects for applying a more sophisticated spectrally based analysis scheme (Level-1) to resolve the issue in cases where improved UV coverage and spatial resolution are available. C1 [Wang, Zhitao; Gary, Dale E.; Fleishman, Gregory D.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Ctr Solar Terr Res, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [White, Stephen M.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Wang, ZT (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM dgary@njit.edu OI Gary, Dale/0000-0003-2520-8396 FU NSF grant [AST-1312802, AGS-1262772, AGS-1250374]; NASA grant [NNX11AB49G, NNX14AC87G] FX This work was supported in part by NSF grants AST-1312802, AGS-1262772, and AGS-1250374, and NASA grants NNX11AB49G and NNX14AC87G to New Jersey Institute of Technology. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2015 VL 805 IS 2 AR 93 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/805/2/93 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CL1PG UT WOS:000356715400008 ER PT J AU Ramirez, JI Li, YYV Basantani, H Leedy, K Bayraktaroglu, B Jessen, GH Jackson, TN AF Ramirez, J. Israel Li, Yuanyuan V. Basantani, Hitesh Leedy, Kevin Bayraktaroglu, Burhan Jessen, Gregg H. Jackson, Thomas N. TI Radiation-Hard ZnO Thin Film Transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cobalt-60; gamma rays; irradiation; oxide semiconductor; polycrystalline ZnO; radiation-hard; thin film transistors (TFTs); ZnO ID IRRADIATION; STRESS; DAMAGE AB We report effects for up to 100 Mrad (SiO2) gamma-ray exposure on polycrystalline ZnO thin film transistors (TFTs) deposited by two different techniques. The radiation related TFT changes, either with or without electrical bias during irradiation, are primarily a negative V-ON shift and a smaller V-T shift (Delta V-ON similar to -2.5V and Delta V-T similar to -1.5V for 100 Mrad (SiO2) exposure). Field-effect mobility remains nearly unchanged. Both, V-ON and V-T shifts are nearly completely removed by annealing at 200 degrees C for 1 minute and some recovery is seen even at room temperature. We find that our ZnO TFTs are insensitive to electrical bias during irradiation; that is, unbiased measurements are useful worst case test results. To the best of our knowledge, these are the most radiation-hard thin film transistors reported to date. C1 [Ramirez, J. Israel; Jackson, Thomas N.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Thin Film Devices, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ramirez, J. Israel; Jackson, Thomas N.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Li, Yuanyuan V.; Basantani, Hitesh] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Leedy, Kevin; Bayraktaroglu, Burhan; Jessen, Gregg H.] AFRL RYDD, Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ramirez, JI (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Ctr Thin Film Devices, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ramirez@psu.edu FU Department of the Defense, Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX The assistance of Candace Davison and the Radiation Science and Engineering Center at Penn State University is gratefully acknowledged. The project or effort depicted was or is sponsored by the Department of the Defense, Defense Threat Reduction Agency. The content of the information does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the federal government, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 62 IS 3 BP 1399 EP 1404 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2417831 PN 3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CK8AP UT WOS:000356459900027 ER PT J AU Fajardo, KA Zorich, SC Voss, JD Thervil, JW AF Fajardo, Kevin A. Zorich, Shauna C. Voss, Jameson D. Thervil, Jeffrey W. TI Pneumonia Outbreak Caused by Chlamydophila pneumoniae among US Air Force Academy Cadets, Colorado, USA SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFECTION AB During October 2013 May 2014, there were 102 cases of pneumonia diagnosed in US Air Force Academy cadets. A total of 73% of tested nasal washes contained Chlamydophila pneumoniae. This agent can be considered to be present on campus settings during outbreaks with numerous, seemingly disconnected cases of relatively mild pneumonia. C1 [Fajardo, Kevin A.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Zorich, Shauna C.; Voss, Jameson D.; Thervil, Jeffrey W.] US Air Force Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Thervil, Jeffrey W.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Fajardo, KA (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Prevent Med, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM kevin.fajardo@us.af.mil NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2015 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1049 EP 1051 DI 10.3201/eid2106.141394 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CJ3MA UT WOS:000355386900020 PM 25988545 ER PT J AU Yu, K Phillips, DM Baur, JW Qi, HJ AF Yu, Kai Phillips, David M. Baur, Jeffery W. Qi, H. Jerry TI Analysis of shape-memory polymer composites with embedded microvascular system for fast thermal response SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Microvascular heating system; shape-memory polymers; shape-memory effects; constitutive modeling ID MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLE DESIGN; CROSS-LINKED POLYMERS; THERMOMECHANICAL BEHAVIOR; RELAXATION MECHANISMS; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; STRESS-RELAXATION; PART I; RECOVERY; NANOCOMPOSITES; NETWORKS AB The microvascular strategy demonstrates unique advantages in shape-memory polymer applications as it can achieve both rapid thermal activation and deactivation during a typical shape-memory cycle. In addition, localized overheating can be avoided in comparison with other heating methods, such as the magnetic and electric heating. In this paper, a finite-element-based computational analysis was performed to study the rapid thermal response of shape-memory polymer composites with an embedded microvascular system. We show that the polymer shape-fixing speed, the shape fixity after a given cooling time, and the shape-recovery rate are significantly enhanced due to the rapid cooling and heating effect of internal microvasculature. The effect of the composite dimensions and microvascular channel arrangement on the activation and deactivation was studied. Typically, reducing the composite thickness and tube spacing increases the shape-recovery speed of the shape-memory polymer composite by effectively reducing the length of the thermal conduction pathways. Strategies for achieving an optimized tube arrangement were also discussed based on the considerations of the system mass and thermal boundary conditions. The results in this paper provide a guideline for further designs and applications of shape-memory polymer composites with embedded microvasculature. C1 [Yu, Kai; Qi, H. Jerry] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Yu, Kai; Qi, H. Jerry] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Phillips, David M.; Baur, Jeffery W.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Phillips, David M.] Universal Technol Corp, Mat & Mfg, Dayton, OH USA. RP Qi, HJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM qih@me.gatech.edu RI Yu, Kai/A-1540-2015 FU AFOSR [FA9550-13-1-0088] FX This work is supported by an AFOSR grant no. FA9550-13-1-0088. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 19 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 EI 1530-793X J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 49 IS 15 SI SI BP 1881 EP 1893 DI 10.1177/0021998314540194 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA CJ8NM UT WOS:000355759700009 ER PT J AU Blaha, LM Houpt, JW AF Blaha, Leslie M. Houpt, Joseph W. TI An extension of workload capacity space for systems with more than two channels SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Workload; Capacity; Human information processing; Race model ID DIVIDED ATTENTION; REDUNDANT-SIGNALS; PARALLEL AB We provide the n-channel extension of the unified workload capacity space bounds for standard parallel processing models with minimum-time, maximum-time, and single-target self-terminating stopping rules. This extension enables powerful generalizations of this approach to multiple stopping rules and any number of channels of interest. Mapping the bounds onto the unified capacity space enables a single plot to be used to compare the capacity coefficient values to the upper and lower bounds on standard parallel processing in order to make direct inferences about extreme workload capacity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Blaha, Leslie M.] Air Force Res Lab, Warfighter Interface Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Houpt, Joseph W.] Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Blaha, LM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Warfighter Interface Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM leslie.blaha@us.af.mil; joseph.houpt@wright.edu FU AFOSR [12RH14COR, FA9550-13-1-0087] FX This research was supported by AFOSR grant 12RH14COR to L.M.B and AFOSR FA9550-13-1-0087 to J.W.H. Distribution A: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 88ABW Cleared 01/17/2014; 88ABW-2014-0140. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2496 EI 1096-0880 J9 J MATH PSYCHOL JI J. Math. Psychol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 66 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.jmp.2015.01.002 PG 5 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Psychology, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Psychology GA CJ7ZD UT WOS:000355718000001 ER PT J AU Siefring, CL Bernhardt, PA James, HG Parris, RT AF Siefring, Carl L. Bernhardt, Paul A. James, H. Gordon Parris, Richard Todd TI The CERTO Beacon on CASSIOPE/e-POP and Experiments Using High-Power HF Ionospheric Heaters SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE CERTO beacon; Total electron content; Scintillations; Ionospheric tomography; Radio physics; Ionospheric physics; Ionosphere heating; Field aligned irregularities ID STIMULATED ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS; RADIO-WAVE PROPAGATION; TOMOGRAPHY; SCINTILLATION; MISSION; PLASMA; DEPLETIONS; DENSITY; HAARP AB A new Coherent Electromagnetic Radio Tomography (CERTO) beacon is on the CASSIOPE satellite and part of the enhanced-Polar Outflow Probe (e-POP) suite of scientific instruments. CERTO signals can be used to measure ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) and radio scintillations along propagation paths between CERTO and receivers. The combination of CERTO and the array of e-POP in-situ diagnostics form a powerful tool for studying ionospheric plasma processes that have not been previously possible. Of note, the combination CERTO and the Radio Receiver Instrument (RRI), a modern digital receiver, which measures between 10 Hz to 18 MHz in selectable bands allows for innovative High Frequency (HF) radio propagation experiments. The use of high-power HF ionospheric heating facilities for such experiments further allows for repeatable studies of a number of important plasma processes. The new CERTO beacon transmits un-modulated, phase-coherent waves at 150, 400, and 1067 MHz with either right-hand-circular or linear polarization and TEC is measured using either differential phase and/or Faraday rotation. With a linear array of CERTO receivers, TEC data can be used for tomographic imaging of the ionosphere yielding two-dimensional maps of the plasma below the satellite orbit. In addition, the three CERTO frequencies cover a wide range for determination of radio scintillation effects caused by diffraction from propagation through ionospheric irregularities. We will describe the CERTO beacon and several potential innovative experiments using HF heating facilities in conjunction with CERTO, the RRI and other e-POP instruments. C1 [Siefring, Carl L.; Bernhardt, Paul A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [James, H. Gordon] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Parris, Richard Todd] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Siefring, CL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM carl.siefring@nrl.navy.mil FU NRL Base Program; Canadian Space Agency; University of Calgary FX The CERTO work was accomplished with financial support of the NRL Base Program in cooperation with the Canadian Space Agency and the University of Calgary. We would like to acknowledge efforts by our engineer Matthew R. Wilkens and Brett Stephens of AFRL for ground receiver data, and the assistance of HAARP personal especially Mike McCarrick and Lee Snyder. Finally, we are grateful for the support of CASSIOPE/e-POP crew at University of Calgary, particularly, PI Andrew Yau, Greg Enno and Andrew Howarth. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 189 IS 1-4 BP 107 EP 122 DI 10.1007/s11214-014-0110-2 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CK1PU UT WOS:000355980100008 ER PT J AU Luo, H Du, Y Hu, Z Cooper, WL Lu, H AF Luo, H. Du, Y. Hu, Z. Cooper, W. L. Lu, H. TI High-Strain Rate Compressive Behavior of Glass Beads Under Confinement SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Glass beads; Nanoindentation; Young's modulus; Hardness; Fracture toughness; Long split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB); Water content; Particle size; Compression; Confinement ID HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELASTIC-MODULUS; EGLIN SAND; DEFORMATION; MODEL; NANOINDENTATION; INDENTATION; CERAMICS AB Glass beads are often used to examine simulation models for granular materials. The dynamic behavior of glass beads, however, has not been characterized accurately. In this paper, the dynamic behavior is characterized at high strain rates. To describe the beads used in these experiments, the size distribution was measured, and the bead-level mechanical properties were determined by nanoindentation. The dynamic compressive behavior of glass beads under confinement was characterized at strain rates near 400 s(-1) using a long split Hopkinson pressure bar. The glass beads were confined inside a hollow cylinder of hardened steel and capped by cemented tungsten carbide cylindrical rods. The assembly was subjected to repeated shaking and tapping to consolidate the glass beads to attain a given bulk mass density. Experiments were conducted on dry unsorted beads at three initial mass densities (1.46, 1.54 and 1.61 g/cm(3)), sorted beads at three sizes (0.30, 0.212, and 0.106 mm), and partially saturated beads with average bead size of 0.212 mm at five water contents (0, 7, 14, 18 and 22 % by weight). Effect of initial mass density, bead size and water content on the dynamic volumetric and deviatoric response was investigated. The impacted beads were sorted for analysis of the particle size distribution. The compressibility was characterized in terms of the void ratio as a function of the axial pressure. C1 [Luo, H.; Du, Y.; Hu, Z.; Lu, H.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mech Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Cooper, W. L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, NM 87116 USA. RP Lu, H (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mech Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM hongbing.lu@utdallas.edu RI Lu, Hongbing/A-1312-2011 FU ONR Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative program (MURI) [N00014-11-1-0691]; DOE Nuclear Energy University Program (NEUP) [09818]; NSF [CMMI-0928363, CMMI-1031829, ECSS-1307997] FX We acknowledge the support of ONR Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative program (MURI) grant N00014-11-1-0691, DOE Nuclear Energy University Program (NEUP) grant 09818, and NSF under CMMI-0928363, CMMI-1031829 and ECSS-1307997. Lu also thanks the Louis A. Beecherl, Jr. Chair for additional support. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 EI 1741-2765 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 55 IS 5 BP 935 EP 950 DI 10.1007/s11340-015-9995-2 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA CH7IA UT WOS:000354208000011 ER PT J AU Gockel, BT Caton, MJ Jha, SK Szczepanski, CJ Rosenberger, AH Burba, ME AF Gockel, B. T. Caton, M. J. Jha, S. K. Szczepanski, C. J. Rosenberger, A. H. Burba, M. E. TI Developing the Capability to Monitor Small Fatigue Crack Growth Under Elevated Temperature, Ultra-High Vacuum Conditions SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Fatigue crack growth; Ni-base superalloy; Ultra-high vacuum; Environmental effects; Small fatigue cracks ID LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE; IN-100 SUPERALLOY; STRESS RATIO; BEHAVIOR; ENVIRONMENT; FREQUENCY; ALLOY-718 AB It has been reported that the minimum observed fatigue lifetimes in numerous structural alloys are dominated by the small-crack growth behavior. While environmental effects on fatigue crack growth behavior of Ni-base superalloys are well documented within the literature, the published research is largely limited to long crack behavior due to the difficulty of measuring small cracks in a vacuum chamber. A testing capability incorporating optical measurement of small fatigue cracks under ultra-high vacuum (similar to 10(-9) Torr) and at elevated temperatures has been developed. Optical measurement capabilities have been evaluated under laboratory air conditions to determine crack measurement accuracy. A vacuum fatigue test was then completed at 650 A degrees C on a Ni-base superalloy specimen to quantify the effect of vacuum on the propagation life within the small crack regime. The effectiveness of this test capability and considerations for this technique are discussed. C1 [Gockel, B. T.; Caton, M. J.; Szczepanski, C. J.; Rosenberger, A. H.; Burba, M. E.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gockel, B. T.; Burba, M. E.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Jha, S. K.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Gockel, BT (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brian.gockel.1@us.af.mil FU AFOSR Structural Mechanics Program [2306-6M2AL8]; Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) fellowship; Air Force [FA8650-07-D-5800] FX This work was performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXCM, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH. Partial financial support from the AFOSR Structural Mechanics Program (Project # 2306-6M2AL8), Dr. David Stargel, program manager, is gratefully acknowledged. Two of the authors (BTG, MEB) would like to acknowledge funding from the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) fellowship. Two of the authors were partially supported under onsite Air Force contracts FA8650-07-D-5800 (SKJ and CJS). Technical assistance in experimental design and setup from M. Ruddell and P. Blosser, both of the University of Dayton Research Institute (UDRI) is appreciated. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 EI 1741-2765 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 55 IS 5 BP 951 EP 961 DI 10.1007/s11340-015-9998-z PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA CH7IA UT WOS:000354208000012 ER PT J AU Grasmick, JG Mooney, MA Surdahl, RW Voth, M Senseney, CT AF Grasmick, Jacob G. Mooney, Michael A. Surdahl, Roger W. Voth, Michael Senseney, Christopher T. TI Capturing a Layer Response during the Curing of Stabilized Earthwork Using a Multiple Sensor Lightweight Deflectometer SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Curing; Earthwork; Probe instruments; Deflection; In situ tests; Nondestructive tests; Pavements; Soil stabilization; Curing; Layered soils; Transportation engineering AB The lightweight deflectometer (LWD) is a portable device that measures surface deflections and applied force, from which dynamic stiffness and elastic modulus can be estimated. The inclusion of radial offset sensors with LWD testing, referred to here as multiple sensor LWD testing, stemmed from the well-established falling weight deflectometer (FWD) testing method. However, little research exists in the literature addressing LWD use on stabilized or lightly bound layers with multiple sensors, or exploring the applicability of backcalculating/isolating layer moduli from multiple sensor LWD tests. To this end, over 200 multiple sensor LWD tests on stabilized base materials were performed at five sites and rigorously analyzed to determine if the test could capture growth in stabilized base stiffness while the underlying subgrade layer remained unchanged. Deflection results demonstrate that the LWD test is capable of detecting changes in the stiffness of the stabilized base material during curing as illustrated by the decreasing magnitude in center deflections. Furthermore, radial offset deflections measuring 60cm from the plate center remained constant during curing, providing valuable information about the subgrade support. The findings made directly from the deflections were confirmed via an analytical backcalculation using Boussinesq's equations and Odemark's method of equivalent thickness. The use of multiple sensor LWD testing allows for a richer interpretation of earthwork behavior than the traditional center deflection LWD results. C1 [Grasmick, Jacob G.; Mooney, Michael A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Surdahl, Roger W.; Voth, Michael] Fed Highway Adm, Cent Fed Lands Highway Div, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. [Senseney, Christopher T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grasmick, JG (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jgrasmic@mines.edu RI Senseney, Christopher/L-8061-2015 FU Federal Highway Administration; Central Federal Lands Division FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Federal Highway Administration and the Central Federal Lands Division for the technical and financial support of this study, and David Stamp for his contributions to the study. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0899-1561 EI 1943-5533 J9 J MATER CIVIL ENG JI J. Mater. Civ. Eng. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 27 IS 6 AR 04014183 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001137 PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA CI2CL UT WOS:000354552400004 ER PT J AU Vernon, PJ Paredes, RM Crossland, R Schaub, LJ Lucca, JJD Sheppard, FR AF Vernon, P. J. Paredes, R. M. Crossland, R. Schaub, L. J. Lucca, J. J. Dalle Sheppard, F. R. TI RAPID DETECTION OF LEUKOCYTE OXIDATIVE BURST CAPACITY CORRELATES WITH TH1-POLARIZING CYTOKINE SECRETION AFTER EX-VIVO LPS STIMULATION OF NON-HUMAN PRIMATE (RHESUS MACAQUE) SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Conference of the Shock-Society on Shock CY JUN 06-09, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP Shock Soc C1 [Vernon, P. J.; Paredes, R. M.; Crossland, R.; Schaub, L. J.; Sheppard, F. R.] Naval Med Res Unit San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. [Lucca, J. J. Dalle] US Air Force, Med Wing 59, Jbsa Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1073-2322 EI 1540-0514 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD JUN PY 2015 VL 43 IS 6 SU 1 MA P182 BP 110 EP 110 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA CI4QC UT WOS:000354736000219 ER PT J AU Paredes, RM Vernon, PJ Crossland, R Macko, AR Burdette, AJ Lucca, JJD Sheppard, FR AF Paredes, R. M. Vernon, P. J. Crossland, R. Macko, A. R. Burdette, A. J. Lucca, J. J. Dalle Sheppard, F. R. TI INFLAMMATORY PROFILE IN RESPONSE TO UNCONTROLLED HEMORRHAGE IN A NON-HUMAN PRIMATE (RHESUS MACAQUE) MODEL SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Annual Conference of the Shock-Society on Shock CY JUN 06-09, 2015 CL Denver, CO SP Shock Soc C1 [Paredes, R. M.; Vernon, P. J.; Crossland, R.; Macko, A. R.; Burdette, A. J.; Sheppard, F. R.] Naval Med Res Unit San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. [Lucca, J. J. Dalle] US Air Force, Med Wing 59, Jbsa Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1073-2322 EI 1540-0514 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD JUN PY 2015 VL 43 IS 6 SU 1 MA P187 BP 112 EP 112 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA CI4QC UT WOS:000354736000224 ER PT J AU Heimbuch, BK Harnish, DA Balzli, C Lumley, A Kinney, K Wander, JD AF Heimbuch, B. K. Harnish, D. A. Balzli, C. Lumley, A. Kinney, K. Wander, J. D. TI Aerosol-phase activity of iodine captured from a triiodide resin filter on fine particles containing an infectious virus SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimicrobials; contact-release mechanism; iodine; MS2 coli phage; respiratory protection; viruses ID DISINFECTANT; BIOAEROSOLS; INFLUENZA; WATER AB AimsTo avoid interference by water-iodine disinfection chemistry and measure directly the effect of iodine, captured from a triiodide complex bound to a filter medium, on viability of penetrating viral particles. Methods and ResultsAerosols of MS2 coli phage were passed through control P100 or iodinated High-Efficiency Particulate Air media, collected in plastic bags, incubated for 0-10min, collected in an impinger containing thiosulphate to consume all unreacted iodine, plated and enumerated. Comparison of viable counts demonstrated antimicrobial activity with an apparent half-life for devitalization in tens of seconds; rate of kill decreased at low humidity and free iodine was captured by the bags. ConclusionsThe results support the mechanism of near-contact capture earlier proposed; however, the disinfection chemistry in the aerosol phase is very slow on the time scale of inhalation. Significance and Impact of the StudyThis study shows that disinfection by filter-bound iodine in the aerosol phase is too slow to be clinically significant in individual respiratory protection, but that it might be of benefit to limit airborne transmission of infections in enclosed areas. C1 [Heimbuch, B. K.; Harnish, D. A.; Lumley, A.; Kinney, K.] Appl Res Associates, Panama City, FL USA. [Balzli, C.] Universal Technol Corp, Mat & Mfg Div, Dayton, OH USA. [Wander, J. D.] Air Force Civil Engineer Ctr, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. US Dept Agr, Southeast Poultry Res Lab, Agr Res Stn, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Wander, JD (reprint author), Air Force Civil Engineer Ctr, Requirements & Acquisit Div, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM joseph.wander@us.af.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX Samples of the iodinated resin medium were generously provided by Triosyn Corp., Williston, VT. Invaluable technical assistance was provided by Air Force Academy Cadet (now First Lieutenant) Erlyn Rudico. Dr Mohammed Ali contributed to initial experiments in this effort. This project was supported in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Chemical and Biological Defense program, under the title Reactive Air Purification for Individual and Collective Protection. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-5072 EI 1365-2672 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 118 IS 6 BP 1315 EP 1320 DI 10.1111/jam.12788 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA CI2IT UT WOS:000354570600007 PM 25739420 ER PT J AU Doman, DB Oppenheimer, MW Rone, W AF Doman, David B. Oppenheimer, Michael W. Rone, William TI Selective Self-Locking Actuator and Control Allocation Approach for Thermal Load Minimization SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Doman, David B.; Oppenheimer, Michael W.; Rone, William] US Air Force, Res Lab, Autonomous Control Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Doman, DB (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Autonomous Control Branch, 2210 Eighth St,Bldg 146,Rm 305, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.doman@us.af.mil; michael.oppenheimer@us.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1110 EP 1117 DI 10.2514/1.G000859 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CI2ZC UT WOS:000354615900011 ER PT J AU Smith, NE Cobb, RG Pierce, SJ Raska, VM AF Smith, Nathan E. Cobb, Richard G. Pierce, Scott J. Raska, Vincent M. TI Uncertainty Corridors for Three-Dimensional Collision Avoidance SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference CY JAN 13-17, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP AIAA ID TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION; CONFLICT-RESOLUTION; AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES; ALGORITHM; AIRCRAFT C1 [Smith, Nathan E.; Cobb, Richard G.; Pierce, Scott J.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Raska, Vincent M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smith, NE (reprint author), US Air Force, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1156 EP 1162 DI 10.2514/1.G000459 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CI2ZC UT WOS:000354615900018 ER PT J AU Silverstrim, KJ Schneider, E van der Hoeven, C AF Silverstrim, Kelli J. Schneider, Erich van der Hoeven, Christopher TI Image Optimization in Digital Dental Radiography SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE medical radiation; patient protection; radiation dose; x-ray imaging ID INTRAORAL RADIOGRAPHY; RADIOLOGY; DENSITY; FILTERS AB Presented is a method for establishing the appropriate balance of image quality and radiation dose for dental imaging. Using the Monte Carlo N-Particle Extended (MCNPX) radiation transport code, the DC Planmeca radiographic unit and a dental bitewing phantom were modeled. The Carestream 6100 RVG sensor signal response, noise response, dose rate dependence, and reproducibility were determined experimentally, including uncertainties and inter/intraunit variabilities. The computationally varied parameters were peak kilovoltage and tube filtration. The entrance air kerma for the current clinical technique was used to establish reference image quality. Four figures of merit (FOM) were chosen to encompass parameter variation. With equal weighting of FOMs and no equipment limitations, the optimal parameters were 90 kVp with 0.1 mm added copper filtration. The optimal technique in the radiographic units' operating range was 70 kVp and 0.1 mm added copper filtration, resulting in a approximate to 50% (+/- 17%) entrance dose and approximate to 40% effective dose savings. C1 [Silverstrim, Kelli J.; Schneider, Erich; van der Hoeven, Christopher] Univ Texas Austin, Nucl Engn Teaching Lab, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Silverstrim, Kelli J.] US Air Force Acad, Med Grp 10, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP van der Hoeven, C (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Nucl Engn Teaching Lab, Bldg 159,10100 Burnet Rd, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM cvanderh@gmail.com NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 108 IS 6 BP 580 EP 591 DI 10.1097/HP.0000000000000273 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CH9AQ UT WOS:000354328800003 PM 25905519 ER PT J AU Al-Rjoub, MF Roy, AK Ganguli, S Banerjee, RK AF Al-Rjoub, Marwan F. Roy, Ajit K. Ganguli, Sabyasachi Banerjee, Rupak K. TI Improved Flow Rate in Electro-Osmotic Micropumps for Combinations of Substrates and Different Liquids With and Without Nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC PACKAGING LA English DT Article DE EOF pump; EOF; micropump; thermal management; silicon-PDMS ID CONVECTIVE HEAT-TRANSFER; PUMP; MICROCHANNELS; FABRICATION AB A new design for an electro-osmotic flow (EOF) driven micropump was fabricated. Considering thermal management applications, three different types of micropumps were tested using multiple liquids. The micropumps were fabricated from a combination of materials, which included: silicon-polydimethylsiloxane (Si-PDMS), Glass-PDMS, or PDMS-PDMS. The flow rates of the micropumps were experimentally and numerically assessed. Different combinations of materials and liquids resulted in variable values of zeta-potential. The ranges of zeta-potential for Si-PDMS, Glass-PDMS, and PDMS-PDMS were -42.5--50.7 mV, -76.0--88.2 mV, and -76.0--103.0 mV, respectively. The flow rates of the micropumps were proportional to their zeta-potential values. In particular, flow rate values were found to be linearly proportional to the applied voltages below 500 V. A maximum flow rate of 75.9 lL/min was achieved for the Glass-PDMS micropump at 1 kV. At higher voltages nonlinearity and reduction in flow rate occurred due to Joule heating and the axial electro-osmotic current leakage through the silicon substrate. The fabricated micropumps could deliver flow rates, which were orders of magnitude higher compared to the previously reported values for similar size micropumps. It is expected that such an increase in flow rate, particularly in the case of the Si-PDMS micropump, would lead to enhanced heat transfer for microchip cooling applications as well as for applications involving micrototal analysis systems (mu TAS). C1 [Al-Rjoub, Marwan F.; Banerjee, Rupak K.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Dynam Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Roy, Ajit K.; Ganguli, Sabyasachi] Air Force Res Lab, Nanoelect Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Banerjee, RK (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Sch Dynam Syst, 593 Rhodes Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM alrjoumf@mail.uc.edu; ajit.roy@wpafb.af.mil; sabyasachi.ganguli.2@us.af.mil; rupak.banerjee@uc.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [10-587-0084-01-C1] FX This research was partially funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory (Grant No. 10-587-0084-01-C1). We are grateful to Soumyarwit Manna for helping in ESEM imaging the microchannels using ESEM. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 10 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1043-7398 EI 1528-9044 J9 J ELECTRON PACKAGING JI J. Electron. Packag. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 137 IS 2 AR 021001 DI 10.1115/1.4028746 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA CH3WZ UT WOS:000353963000001 ER PT J AU Arendt, DL Blaha, LM AF Arendt, Dustin L. Blaha, Leslie M. TI Opinions, influence, and zealotry: a computational study on stubbornness SO COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL ORGANIZATION THEORY LA English DT Article DE Dimer automaton; Innovation diffusion; Opinion dynamics; Influence maximization; Zealot ID CELLULAR-AUTOMATA; SYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; INNOVATION; DIFFUSION; MODELS AB We present a simple, efficient, and predictive model for opinion dynamics with zealots. Our model captures curvature-driven dynamics (e.g., clear, smooth boundaries separating domains whose curvature decreases over time) through a simple, individual rule, providing a method for rapidly testing basic hypotheses about innovation diffusion, opinion dynamics, and related phenomena. Our model belongs to a class of models called dimer automata, which are asynchronous, graph-based (i.e., non-uniform lattice) variants of cellular automata. Individuals in the model update their states via a dyadic update rule; population opinion dynamics emerge from these pairwise interactions. Zealots are stubborn individuals whose opinion is not susceptible to influence by others. We observe experimentally that a system without zealots usually converges to the majority opinion, but a relatively small number of zealots can sway the opinion of the whole population. The influence of zealots can be further increased by placing zealots at more effective locations within the network. These locations can be determined by rankings from standard social network analysis metrics, or by using a greedy algorithm for influence maximization. We apply the influence maximization technique to a politically polarized social network to explore opinion dynamics in a real-world network and to gain insight about influence and political entrenchment through the zealot model's ability to sway the entire network to one side or the other. C1 [Arendt, Dustin L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Blaha, Leslie M.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Arendt, DL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM dustin.arendt@pnnl.gov; leslie.blaha@us.af.mil FU AFOSR LRIR [12RH12COR]; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory FX Distribution A: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 88ABW cleared 11/08/2013; 88 ABW-2013-4691. This work was supported by AFOSR LRIR 12RH12COR to L.M.B. This research was performed while D.L.A. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-298X EI 1572-9346 J9 COMPUT MATH ORGAN TH JI Comput. Math. Organ. Theory PD JUN PY 2015 VL 21 IS 2 BP 184 EP 209 DI 10.1007/s10588-015-9181-1 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA CG7EX UT WOS:000353466500003 ER PT J AU Militello, LG Sushereba, CE Branlat, M Bean, R Finomore, V AF Militello, Laura G. Sushereba, Christen E. Branlat, Matthieu Bean, Robert Finomore, Victor TI Designing for military pararescue: Naturalistic decision-making perspective, methods, and frameworks SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUPPORT-SYSTEMS; AUTOMATION; SENSE; MODEL AB Naturalistic decision-making (NDM) research offers important guidance for designing information technology to be used by people who conduct extreme activities in extreme environments, such as military special operators. Recent advances in technology make it possible to deploy information technology in extreme environments (e.g., desert, arctic, high altitude, underwater) to support people who engage in complex and dangerous activities. This practitioner case integrates and operationalizes relevant NDM research including an NDM perspective, methods (cognitive task analysis, staged world exercise, and functional analysis), and frameworks (macrocognition, Laws that Govern Cognitive Work in Action, and Cognitive Performance Indicators) to inform design and identify the potential pitfalls associated with introducing information technology into extreme environments. A project conducted with the United States Air Force pararescue jumpers illustrates the complexity and relevance of NDM research in this challenging design space. Pararescue jumpers are military personnel who specialize in recovering personnel and administering life-saving medical treatment in a wide variety of operational environments. C1 [Militello, Laura G.; Sushereba, Christen E.] Appl Decis Sci LLC, Dayton, OH USA. [Branlat, Matthieu] 361 Interact LLC, Springboro, OH USA. [Bean, Robert] US Air Force, Test & Evaluat Squadron 88, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Finomore, Victor] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Militello, LG (reprint author), 5335 Far Hills Ave,Suite 217, Dayton, OH 45429 USA. EM l.militello@applieddecisionscience.com OI Militello, Laura G/0000-0001-8445-5640 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-08-D-6801] FX We would like to thank all the PJs and CROs who participated in this research. This project was sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No. FA8650-08-D-6801. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0963-1798 EI 2044-8325 J9 J OCCUP ORGAN PSYCH JI J. Occup. Organ. Psychol. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 88 IS 2 SI SI BP 251 EP 272 DI 10.1111/joop.12114 PG 22 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA CG4EI UT WOS:000353235700003 ER PT J AU Quinton, BT Leedy, KD Lawson, JW Tsao, B Scofield, JD Merrett, JN Zhang, QH Yost, K Mukhopadhyay, SM AF Quinton, Betty T. Leedy, Kevin D. Lawson, Jacob W. Tsao, Bang Scofield, James D. Merrett, Joseph N. Zhang, Qiuhong Yost, Kevin Mukhopadhyay, Sharmila M. TI Influence of oxide buffer layers on the growth of carbon nanotube arrays on carbon substrates SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; NANOPARTICLES; CATALYSTS; SILICON; SURFACE; THICKNESS; DIAMETER; ALUMINA; FOAMS AB Controllable growth of carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays on carbon substrates requires an oxide buffer layer material such as Al2O3 and SiO2. This research analyzes the influence of these buffer layers on a model carbon substrate composed of pyrolyzed carbon film on flat silicon. Electron microscopy was used to analyze nanocatalyst morphology, particle density, CNT nucleation rate, and CNT morphology for selected growth conditions. It was observed that nanotubes grown on Al2O3 buffer layers had the fastest CNT nucleation rates and more uniform tube diameters, with residual nanocatalyst particles having elongated shapes. In contrast, CNTs formed on SiO2 buffer layers nucleated slower and had more variation in tube diameters, while the nanocatalyst particles remained spherical. Comparisons among SiO2 buffer layers deposited using three different techniques-atomic layer deposition, microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and thermal oxidation-indicated that surface roughness plays an important role. Silica layers with the highest roughness had the highest catalytic particle density and tallest carpet height for identical growth conditions. These results provide new insight into the importance of buffer layer chemistry and morphology on growth and controllability of CNT arrays. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Quinton, Betty T.; Leedy, Kevin D.; Scofield, James D.; Merrett, Joseph N.; Yost, Kevin] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Quinton, Betty T.; Mukhopadhyay, Sharmila M.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [Lawson, Jacob W.; Tsao, Bang; Zhang, Qiuhong] UDRI, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Quinton, BT (reprint author), AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM betty.quinton@us.af.mil NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD JUN PY 2015 VL 87 BP 175 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.02.015 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CF1UH UT WOS:000352332900016 ER PT J AU Beck, JA Brown, JM Kaszynski, AA Slater, JC Cross, CJ AF Beck, Joseph A. Brown, Jeffrey M. Kaszynski, Alexander A. Slater, Joseph C. Cross, Charles J. TI Mistuned Response Prediction of Dual Flow-Path Integrally Bladed Rotors With Geometric Mistuning SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC-ANALYSIS; DISKS; VIBRATION; MODELS AB The geometric mistuning problem is investigated for dual flow-path integrally bladed rotors (DFIBRs) by outlining two methods that explicitly account for blade geometry surface deviations. The methods result in reduced-order models (ROMs) that are a reduced form of a parent Craig-Bampton component mode synthesis (CB-CMS) model. This is accomplished by performing a secondary modal analysis on different degrees of freedom (DOF) of the parent model. The DFIBR is formulated in cyclic symmetry coordinates with a tuned disk and ring and blades with small geometric deviations. The first method performs an eigen-analysis on the constraint DOF that provides a truncated set of interface modes, while the second method includes the disk and ring fixed interface normal mode in the eigen-analysis to yield a truncated set of ancillary modes. Utilization of tuned modes have the benefit of being solved in cyclic symmetry coordinates and only need to be calculated once, which offers significant computational savings for subsequent mistuning studies. Each geometric mistuning method relies upon the use of geometrically mistuned blade modes in the component mode framework to provide an accurate ROM. Forced response results are compared to both the full finite element model (FEM) solutions and a traditional frequency-based approach outlined in a previous effort. It is shown that the models provide highly accurate results with a significant reduction in solution time compared to the full FEM and parent ROM. C1 [Beck, Joseph A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mfg & Ind Technol Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Brown, Jeffrey M.; Kaszynski, Alexander A.; Cross, Charles J.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Slater, Joseph C.] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Beck, JA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mfg & Ind Technol Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Joseph.Beck.8@us.af.mil; Jeffrey.Brown.70@us.af.mil; Alex.Kaszynski.ctr@us.af.mil; Joseph.Slater@wright.edu; Charles.Cross.1@wpafb.af.mil OI Slater, Joseph/0000-0002-1923-9279 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 EI 1528-8919 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2015 VL 137 IS 6 AR 062501 DI 10.1115/1.4028795 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA CF9CM UT WOS:000352859200009 ER PT J AU Lochtefeld, DF Ciarallo, FW AF Lochtefeld, Darrell F. Ciarallo, Frank W. TI Multi-objectivization Via Decomposition: An analysis of helper-objectives and complete decomposition SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Multi-objectivization; Multi-Objectivization via Segmentation (MOS); Helper-objectives; Complete decomposition; Job shop scheduling problem (JSSP) ID GENETIC ALGORITHM; MULTIOBJECTIVIZATION; SEARCH AB Multi-objectivization has been used to solve several single objective problems with improved results over traditional genetically inspired optimization methods. Multi-objectivization reformulates the single objective problem into a multiple objective problem. The reformulated problem is then solved with a multiple objective method to obtain a resulting solution to the original problem. Multi-objectivization Via Decomposition (MVD) and the addition of novel objectives are the two major approaches used in multi-objectivization. This paper focuses on analysis of two major MVD methods: helper-objectives and complete decomposition. Helper-objectives decomposition methods identify one or more decomposed objectives that are used simultaneously with the main objective to focus attention on components of the decomposed objectives. Complete decomposition, unlike helper-objectives does not explicitly use the main objective and instead uses decomposed objectives that exhaustively cover all portions of the main objective. This work examines the relationship between helper-objective decompositions and complete decomposition using both an analytic and experimental methodology. Pareto dominance relationships are examined analytically to clarify the relationship between dominant solutions in both types of decompositions. These results more clearly characterize how solutions from the two approaches rank in Pareto-frontier based fitness algorithms such as NSGA-II. An empirical study on job shop scheduling problems shows how fitness signal and fitness noise are affected by the balance of decomposition size. Additionally we provide evidence that, for the settings and instances studied, complete decompositions have a better on-average performance when compared to analogous helper-objective decompositions. Lastly we examine the underlying forces that determine effective decomposition size. We argue that it is advantageous to use less balanced decompositions as within-decomposition conflict increases and as heuristic strength increases. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lochtefeld, Darrell F.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ciarallo, Frank W.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Lochtefeld, DF (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM darrell.lochtefeld.1@us.af.mil; frank.ciarallo@wright.edu NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 EI 1872-6860 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD JUN 1 PY 2015 VL 243 IS 2 BP 395 EP 404 DI 10.1016/j.ejor.2014.11.041 PG 10 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA CD1KW UT WOS:000350834800006 ER PT J AU Vongsy, K Eismann, MT Mendenhall, MJ AF Vongsy, Karmon Eismann, Michael T. Mendenhall, Michael J. TI Extension of the Linear Chromodynamics Model for Spectral Change Detection in the Presence of Residual Spatial Misregistration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Change detection; generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT); hyperspectral; misregistration ID UNSUPERVISED CHANGE DETECTION; HYPERSPECTRAL CHANGE DETECTION; MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY; MULTITEMPORAL IMAGES; MATCHED-FILTER; SIMPLEX-METHOD; TRANSFORM; SEARCH; IMPACT AB A generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) statistic for spectral change detection based on the linear chromodynamics model is extended to accommodate unknown residual misregistration between imagery described by a prior probability density function for the spatial misregistration. Using a normal prior distribution leads to a fourth-order polynomial that can be numerically minimized over the unknown misregistration parameters. A more computationally efficient closed-form solution is developed based on a quadratic approximation and provides comparable results to the numerical minimization for the investigated test cases while running 30 times faster. The results applying the method to hyperspectral imagery indicate up to an order of magnitude reduction in false alarms at the same detection rate relative to baseline change detection methods for synthetically misregistered test data particularly in image regions containing edges and fine spatial features. Sensitivity to model parameters is assessed, and the method is compared with a previously published misregistration compensation approach yielding comparable results. Although the GLRT approach appears to exhibit comparable change detection performance, it offers the possibility of tailoring the algorithm to a priori knowledge of expected misregistration errors or to compensate structured misregistration as would occur due to parallax errors due to perspective variations (e.g., image parallax). C1 [Vongsy, Karmon; Eismann, Michael T.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mendenhall, Michael J.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vongsy, K (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM karmon.vongsy@us.af.mil; michael.eismann@us.af.mil; mendenmi@gmail.com FU Sensors Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio FX This work was supported by the Sensors Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2015 VL 53 IS 6 BP 3005 EP 3021 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2367471 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CD4OV UT WOS:000351063800003 ER PT J AU Jang, WY Ku, Z Urbas, A Derov, J Noyola, MJ AF Jang, Woo-Yong Ku, Zahyun Urbas, Augustine Derov, John Noyola, Michael J. TI Plasmonic Superpixel Sensor for Compressive Spectral Sensing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Compressive spectral sensing (CSS); spectral reconstruction; superpixels; surface plasmon ID MAMMALIAN RETINA; DETECTORS; AIRBORNE; PARALLEL AB In multispectral and hyperspectral sensing, there is a growing need for a versatile sensor capable of adapting response and improving detection of hard-to-find dynamic targets of interest in contested environments. Such on-the-fly adaptivity in current systems requires significant data resources and computation time for data analysis. In order to implement practical systems with this capability, sensors that reduce data loads and computational requirements while maintaining performance are required. To this end, we report a novel hybrid algorithm sensor method using plasmon-based tunable superpixels and a compressive spectral sensing (CSS) algorithm for the next generation of hyperspectral sensors. The benefit of our hybrid approach is that it enables us to effectively sense a minimal data set and only performs simple arithmetic such as linear superposition to extract spectral features of a target without requiring actual spectral filters. In this paper, we focus on the selection of a minimum basis of plasmonic spectral bands, the configuration of superpixels using selected plasmonic structures, and finally the generalization of a CSS algorithm to process superpixel data for feature extractions. The performance of algorithm-driven superpixels has been successfully demonstrated with the context of reconstructing infrared spectral signatures. C1 [Jang, Woo-Yong] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ku, Zahyun; Urbas, Augustine] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Derov, John; Noyola, Michael J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jang, WY (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jangusc@gmail.com; zahyun.ku.ctr.kr@us.af.mil; augustine.urbas@us.af.mil; john.derov@us.af.mil; michael.noyola@wpafb.af.mil FU National Research Council Associateship Award [FA9550-12-D-0001] FX This work was supported by the National Research Council Associateship Award under Contract FA9550-12-D-0001. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 38 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2015 VL 53 IS 6 BP 3471 EP 3480 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2377634 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CD4OV UT WOS:000351063800036 ER PT J AU Wu, J Shi, J Baca, J Emergo, R Elliot, A Wilt, J Sebastian, MA Haugan, T Varanasi, CV AF Wu, Judy Shi, Jack Baca, Javier Emergo, Rose Elliot, Alan Wilt, Jamie Sebastian, Mary Ann Haugan, Timothy Varanasi, Chakrapani V. TI Probing Microscopic Strain Interplay Due to Impurity Doping and Vicinal Growth and Its Effect on Pinning Landscape in YBCO Films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Doping; flux pinning; microstructure; strain; superconducting thin films ID EPITAXIAL YBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; COLUMNAR DEFECTS; VORTEX MOTION; SUPERCONDUCTOR; DISPERSIONS; NANORODS; SPLAY AB Vortex pinning by insertion of non-superconducting defects like BZO or BSO nanorods into the YBCO matrix is an effective means to enhance pinning since they self-assemble into columnar structures that provide strong pinning along the length of the flux-line. However, only limited control of their geometry is possible by current growth methods. To meet the requirements of applications that operate in magnetic fields of varying intensity or orientation, this work studies strain-mediated self-assembly of 3D pinning landscape through theoretical modeling as well as experimental exploration to achieve controllable growth BZO or BSO nanostructures in YBCO matrix films. The microstructure of BZO- and BSO-doped YBCO thin films was studied using transmission electron microscopy and the findings indicate that it is possible to produce a controllable defect landscape and improved critical current density with respect to different orientation of the magnetic field by manipulation of the strain relationships using vicinal substrates. C1 [Wu, Judy; Shi, Jack; Baca, Javier; Emergo, Rose; Elliot, Alan; Wilt, Jamie] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Sebastian, Mary Ann; Haugan, Timothy] US Air Force Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Varanasi, Chakrapani V.] Army Res Off, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wu, J (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM jwu@ku.edu FU ARO [W911NF-12-1-0412]; NSF [NSF-DMR-1105986, EPSCoR-0903806]; State of Kansas through Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation FX This work was supported in part by the ARO Grant W911NF-12-1-0412, by the NSF under Contracts NSF-DMR-1105986 and NSF EPSCoR-0903806, and matching support from the State of Kansas through Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 40 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2015 VL 25 IS 3 AR 8000205 DI 10.1109/TASC.2014.2369735 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA CA7RZ UT WOS:000349116100018 ER PT J AU Shuman, NS Hunton, DE Viggiano, AA AF Shuman, Nicholas S. Hunton, Donald E. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Ambient and Modified Atmospheric Ion Chemistry: From Top to Bottom SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SULFURIC-ACID VAPOR; DISSOCIATIVE RECOMBINATION COEFFICIENTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; MUTUAL NEUTRALIZATION RATES; PRE-CONDENSATION NUCLEI; TEMPERATURE 300-1800 K; GALACTIC COSMIC-RAYS; FLOW-DRIFT TECHNIQUE; AIRCRAFT IN-FLIGHT; WATER CLUSTER IONS C1 [Shuman, Nicholas S.; Hunton, Donald E.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research through AFOSR LRIR [13RV02COR] FX We are grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work through AFOSR LRIR no. 13RV02COR. We have benefitted by mentoring from the pioneers in the field and dedicate this Review to them. On the laboratory side, A.A.V. was trained by the original flowing afterglow group led by Eldon Ferguson and Fred Fehsenfeld and was fortunate to work in the Frank Arnold group during the early days of balloon borne mass spectrometry. Rocco Narcisi served as D.E.H.'s mentor in his early AF career. NR 279 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 EI 1520-6890 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD MAY 27 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 10 BP 4542 EP 4570 DI 10.1021/cr5003479 PG 29 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CJ3KZ UT WOS:000355383900024 PM 25659834 ER PT J AU Meng, DC Zhai, XF Ma, C Huang, HL Yun, Y Huang, Y Fu, ZP Peng, RR Mao, XY Chen, XB Brown, G Lu, YL AF Meng, Dechao Zhai, Xiaofang Ma, Chao Huang, Haoliang Yun, Yu Huang, Yan Fu, Zhengping Peng, Ranran Mao, Xiangyu Chen, Xiaobing Brown, Gail Lu, Yalin TI Self-modulated nanostructures in super-large-period Bi-11(Fe5CoTi3)(10/9)O-33 epitaxial thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; BI4TI3O12-BIFEO3; SYSTEM AB Super-large-period Aurivillius thin films with a pseudo-period of ten were grown on (001) SrTiO3 substrates using the pulsed laser deposition method. The as-grown films are found to be coherently strained to the substrate and atomically smooth. X-ray diffraction indicates an average periodicity of ten, while analysis with the high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals a self-modulated nanostructure in which the periodicity changes as the film thickness increases. Finally, we discuss the magnetic and possible ferroelectric properties of the self-modulated large period Aurivillius films at the room temperature. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Meng, Dechao; Zhai, Xiaofang; Ma, Chao; Huang, Haoliang; Yun, Yu; Huang, Yan; Fu, Zhengping; Peng, Ranran; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Meng, Dechao; Huang, Haoliang; Yun, Yu; Huang, Yan; Fu, Zhengping; Peng, Ranran; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Zhai, Xiaofang; Fu, Zhengping; Peng, Ranran; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Synerget Innovat Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum P, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Zhai, Xiaofang] CAS Hefei Inst Phys Sci, Hefei Phys Sci & Technol Ctr, Hefei 230031, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Mao, Xiangyu; Chen, Xiaobing] Yangzhou Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Brown, Gail] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Meng, DC (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. EM xfzhai@ustc.edu.cn; yllu@ustc.edu.cn RI Peng, Ranran/F-5934-2010; Ma, Chao/J-4569-2015 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB922001]; Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences [KGZD-EW-T06]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (OSR); DTRA FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB922001), the Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KGZD-EW-T06) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. The authors are grateful to Weigang Chen and Hao Sun from Bruker Customer Support Centers; Jinlan Peng, Haibin Zhang, Libo Wu et al., from the USTC Center for Micro-and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication for the help on ferroelectricity measurements. Y. L. Lu also appreciates support from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (OSR) and DTRA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 46 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 25 PY 2015 VL 106 IS 21 AR 212906 DI 10.1063/1.4921966 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CJ6UX UT WOS:000355631400033 ER PT J AU Reshetnyak, VY Pinkevych, IP Zadorozhnii, VI Evans, DR AF Reshetnyak, Victor Yu. Pinkevych, Igor P. Zadorozhnii, Victor I. Evans, Dean R. TI Liquid Crystal Control of Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on Nanorods SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Liquid Crystal Conference CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2014 CL Dublin, IRELAND SP Failte Ireland - Nat Tourism Dev Authority DE liquid crystal; columnar thin film; sensing; surface plasmons ID PERIODIC METALLIC NANOWIRES; SENSITIVITY-ENHANCEMENT; NANOPARTICLES; EXCITATION; FILMS AB We analyze a theoretical model of the five layer nanorod-mediated surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor comprising a nematic LC layer. The light propagation through the layered system is studied solving the Fresnel equations under SPR conditions. We calculate the light reflectance angular spectrum and show that control of the orientational state of the LC layer enables us to manipulate position of the reflectance curve minimums, their depth and sensitivity. It allows one to choose an interval of the light incidence angles convenient for work without need in angular tuning of sensor at replacing of the analyte. C1 [Reshetnyak, Victor Yu.; Pinkevych, Igor P.; Zadorozhnii, Victor I.] Taras Shevchenko Natl Univ Kyiv, Fac Phys, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. [Evans, Dean R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Zadorozhnii, VI (reprint author), Taras Shevchenko Natl Univ Kyiv, Fac Phys, 64-13 Volodymyrska Str, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. EM viza@univ.kiev.ua RI Reshetnyak, Victor/B-6722-2008 OI Reshetnyak, Victor/0000-0003-0515-9814 FU EOARD [118007] FX The work was partially supported by the EOARD Grant 118007. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1542-1406 EI 1563-5287 J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PD MAY 24 PY 2015 VL 613 IS 1 SI SI BP 110 EP 120 DI 10.1080/15421406.2015.1032080 PG 11 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA CM1BG UT WOS:000357414000015 ER PT J AU Roadcap, JR van den Bosch, J Pereira, W AF Roadcap, John R. van den Bosch, Jeannette Pereira, Wellesley TI Analysis of Air Force Weather Agency cloud data for assessing single and multiple scattering through clouds at optical wavelengths SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE nephanalysis; cloud scattering; cloud optical depth; cloud microphysics ID DISCRETE-ORDINATE METHOD; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; ATMOSPHERES; WATER AB The Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) has a long history of providing global cloud analyses and forecasts. Until recently, their focus has been on determining the cloud amount and cloud type. Satellite-based World-Wide Merged Cloud Analysis (WWMCA) data provided by the AFWA are analyzed to understand and assess their capability to characterize cloud single scattering parameters at optical wavelengths. WWMCA represents the most refined version of AFWA's cloud depiction and forecast system and includes up to four cloud layers and 38 cloud parameters per file at each hemispheric grid point. Findings on WWMCA's determination of cloud optical depth (COD), consistency with synoptic-scale cloud fields, and its ability to support radiative transfer calculations are as follows: (1) the WWMCA optical depth is strongly correlated with the theoretical optical depth at 550 nm computed using WWMCA's cloud microphysical parameters. (2) WWMCA captures the large-scale spatial variation of COD as represented by the Mei-yu/Baiu onset and progression of synoptic cloud fields as well as the time-dependent character of mesoscale features. (3) WWMCA does not provide single scattering albedo and the cloud phase function which are needed to solve the radiative transfer equation. Because WWMCA is based on passive sensor processing, obscured cloud layers are not accounted for in the calculation of COD, which may lead to an underestimation of total COD. (C) 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Roadcap, John R.; van den Bosch, Jeannette; Pereira, Wellesley] Air Force Res Lab, Battlespace Surveillance Innovat Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Roadcap, JR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Battlespace Surveillance Innovat Branch, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvby@us.af.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD MAY 21 PY 2015 VL 9 AR 096049 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.9.096049 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CK5SL UT WOS:000356285900002 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL Shiffler, DA Rittersdorf, IM Lebowitz, JL Harris, JR Lau, YY Petillo, JJ Tang, W Luginsland, JW AF Jensen, Kevin L. Shiffler, Donald A. Rittersdorf, Ian M. Lebowitz, Joel L. Harris, John R. Lau, Y. Y. Petillo, John J. Tang, Wilkin Luginsland, John W. TI Discrete space charge affected field emission: Flat and hemisphere emitters SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-CURRENT DENSITY; CHILD-LANGMUIR LAW; ELECTRON-EMISSION; CATHODES; SIMULATION; AMPLIFIERS; DESIGN; ARRAYS; BEAMS; CONES AB Models of space-charge affected thermal-field emission from protrusions, able to incorporate the effects of both surface roughness and elongated field emitter structures in beam optics codes, are desirable but difficult. The models proposed here treat the meso-scale diode region separate from the micro-scale regions characteristic of the emission sites. The consequences of discrete emission events are given for both one-dimensional (sheets of charge) and three dimensional (rings of charge) models: in the former, results converge to steady state conditions found by theory (e.g., Rokhlenko et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 014904 (2010)]) but show oscillatory structure as they do. Surface roughness or geometric features are handled using a ring of charge model, from which the image charges are found and used to modify the apex field and emitted current. The roughness model is shown to have additional constraints related to the discrete nature of electron charge. The ability of a unit cell model to treat field emitter structures and incorporate surface roughness effects inside a beam optics code is assessed. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Jensen, Kevin L.; Rittersdorf, Ian M.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shiffler, Donald A.; Tang, Wilkin] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Lebowitz, Joel L.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Math, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Lebowitz, Joel L.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Harris, John R.] US Navy Reserve, New Orleans, LA 70143 USA. [Lau, Y. Y.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Petillo, John J.] Leidos, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Luginsland, John W.] AFOSR, Phys & Elect Directorate, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 6854, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kevin.jensen@nrl.navy.mil RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 FU AFOSR; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from J. Luginsland and J. Marshall (AFOSR). This research was performed while IMR held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 21 PY 2015 VL 117 IS 19 AR 194902 DI 10.1063/1.4921186 PG 17 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CI8FN UT WOS:000355005600027 ER PT J AU Harris, JR Jensen, KL Shiffler, DA Petillo, JJ AF Harris, J. R. Jensen, K. L. Shiffler, D. A. Petillo, J. J. TI Shielding in ungated field emitter arrays SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION CATHODES AB Cathodes consisting of arrays of high aspect ratio field emitters are of great interest as sources of electron beams for vacuum electronic devices. The desire for high currents and current densities drives the cathode designer towards a denser array, but for ungated emitters, denser arrays also lead to increased shielding, in which the field enhancement factor beta of each emitter is reduced due to the presence of the other emitters in the array. To facilitate the study of these arrays, we have developed a method for modeling high aspect ratio emitters using tapered dipole line charges. This method can be used to investigate proximity effects from similar emitters an arbitrary distance away and is much less computationally demanding than competing simulation approaches. Here, we introduce this method and use it to study shielding as a function of array geometry. Emitters with aspect ratios of 10(2)-10(4) are modeled, and the shielding-induced reduction in beta is considered as a function of tip-to-tip spacing for emitter pairs and for large arrays with triangular and square unit cells. Shielding is found to be negligible when the emitter spacing is greater than the emitter height for the two-emitter array, or about 2.5 times the emitter height in the large arrays, in agreement with previously published results. Because the onset of shielding occurs at virtually the same emitter spacing in the square and triangular arrays, the triangular array is preferred for its higher emitter density at a given emitter spacing. The primary contribution to shielding in large arrays is found to come from emitters within a distance of three times the unit cell spacing for both square and triangular arrays. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Harris, J. R.] US Navy Reserve, Navy Operat Support Ctr New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70143 USA. [Jensen, K. L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shiffler, D. A.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Petillo, J. J.] Leidos, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Harris, JR (reprint author), US Navy Reserve, Navy Operat Support Ctr New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70143 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to thank Y. Y. Lau and J. L. Lebowitz for valuable discussions. K.L.J. gratefully acknowledges partial support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. J.R.H. would like to thank the Office of Naval Research Reserve Component Program for supporting his participation in this work. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 18 PY 2015 VL 106 IS 20 AR 201603 DI 10.1063/1.4921709 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CI8GR UT WOS:000355009400006 ER PT J AU Pulford, B Ehrenreich, T Holten, R Kong, FT Hawkins, TW Dong, L Dajani, I AF Pulford, Benjamin Ehrenreich, Thomas Holten, Roger Kong, Fanting Hawkins, Thomas W. Dong, Liang Dajani, Iyad TI 400-W near diffraction-limited single-frequency all-solid photonic bandgap fiber amplifier SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-MODE-AREA; CRYSTAL FIBER; POWER; INSTABILITIES; NM AB An ytterbium-doped large-mode area photonic bandgap fiber is used to demonstrate 400 W of single-frequency output at 1064 nm with excellent beam quality and minimal stimulated Brillouin scattering. The fiber possesses all-solid microstructures embedded in the cladding and a core composed of phosphosilicate with a diameter of similar to 50 mu m. As the signal power is pushed beyond 450 W, there is degradation in the beam quality due to the modal instability. We briefly discuss techniques to alleviate this problem in future designs. To the best of our knowledge, the 400-W single-frequency near diffraction-limited output far exceeds the current state-of-the-art from such type of fiber amplifier. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Pulford, Benjamin; Ehrenreich, Thomas; Holten, Roger; Dajani, Iyad] US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Kong, Fanting; Hawkins, Thomas W.; Dong, Liang] Clemson Univ, ECE COMSET, Anderson, SC 29625 USA. RP Dajani, I (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM lyad.Dajani@kirtland.af.mil FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This work was partially funded by the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 10 BP 2297 EP 2300 DI 10.1364/OL.40.002297 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA CI4HD UT WOS:000354708300036 PM 26393723 ER PT J AU Lombardi, JP Aga, RS Heckman, EM Bartsch, CM AF Lombardi, J. P., III Aga, R. S., Jr. Heckman, E. M. Bartsch, C. M. TI Characterisation of DNA biopolymer-based UV photodetector fabricated by inkjet printing SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY; PAPER AB The performance of a printable, ultraviolet (UV) photoconducting biopolymer is investigated for UV photodetectors of varying layer thicknesses. The biopolymer is formed from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with the addition of the Clevios P formulation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulphonate) (PEDOT: PSS) and hexadecyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride (CTMA); it is then combined with phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl (PCBM) to make a printable, UV photoconducting material. The highest measured responsivity of the photodetectors is 1.2 mA/W at 20 V bias using a 260 nm source. C1 [Lombardi, J. P., III; Aga, R. S., Jr.; Heckman, E. M.; Bartsch, C. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. RP Bartsch, CM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. EM carrie.bartsch.1@us.af.mil NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 EI 1350-911X J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD MAY 14 PY 2015 VL 51 IS 10 BP 778 EP 779 DI 10.1049/el.2015.0577 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CH5RQ UT WOS:000354093400026 ER PT J AU Velten, A Schmitt-Sody, A Diels, JC Rostami, S Rasoulof, A Feng, C Arissian, L AF Velten, Andreas Schmitt-Sody, Andreas Diels, Jean-Claude Rostami, Shermineh Rasoulof, Amin Feng, Chengyong Arissian, Ladan TI Videos of light filamentation in air SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Filamentation (COFIL) CY SEP, 2014 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA DE ultrashort pulses; atmospheric propagation; plasmas ID FEMTOSECOND LASER-PULSE; PLASMA FILAMENTS; PROPAGATION; DISCHARGES; MEDIA; BEAMS AB Light filaments are of interest for applications in remote sensing, communications, and the control of electronic discharges. Different plasma dynamics and emitted radiation have been observed according to the initial pulse characteristics and beam collimation. To help observing and understanding these observations, a new technique of creating a movie of the moving light pulse and the plasma emission in its wake is presented. Over 1,000 synchronized frames of a streak camera are combined to produce the 4D (2 D space, time in ps and wavelength) movie. C1 [Velten, Andreas] Univ Wisconsin, Lab Optic & Computat Instrumentat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Velten, Andreas] Morgridge Inst Res, Madison, WI USA. [Schmitt-Sody, Andreas] Kirtland Airforce Base, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Diels, Jean-Claude; Rostami, Shermineh; Rasoulof, Amin; Feng, Chengyong; Arissian, Ladan] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Velten, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Lab Optic & Computat Instrumentat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jcdiels@unm.edu FU DTRA [HDTRA-11-1-0043]; ARO MURI [W911NF1110297] FX This work was supported by DTRA grant HDTRA-11-1-0043 and the ARO MURI grant W911NF1110297. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD MAY 14 PY 2015 VL 48 IS 9 SI SI AR 094020 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/48/9/094020 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CF7MW UT WOS:000352741600021 ER PT J AU Turgut, Z Kosai, H Bixel, T Scofield, J Semiatin, SL Horwath, J AF Turgut, Zafer Kosai, Hiroyuki Bixel, Tyler Scofield, James Semiatin, S. Lee Horwath, John TI Hysteresis loss analysis of soft magnetic materials under direct current bias conditions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Direct current bias related hysteresis loss characteristics of three commercially available magnetic materials: (1) an iron based Metglas tape core, (2) a Sendust powder core, and (3) a Mn-Zn based ferrite in both un-gapped and gapped configurations were studied. The measurements are conducted for a fixed external field H-ext, a fixed flux swing (Delta B), and a fixed maximum forward magnetization (B-max) as a function of the external bias field. In all the measurements, a direct correlation is found between permeability and measured loss values as a function of dc bias field. Increased hysteresis losses are measured in the magnetization rotation region in which classical domain theory predicts minimal losses. The observed trends are discussed within the frame work of classical domain theory. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Turgut, Zafer; Kosai, Hiroyuki; Bixel, Tyler; Scofield, James; Semiatin, S. Lee; Horwath, John] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kosai, Hiroyuki; Bixel, Tyler] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Turgut, Z (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM zafer.turgut.2@us.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 7 PY 2015 VL 117 IS 17 AR 17A508 DI 10.1063/1.4919228 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CI7YW UT WOS:000354984100047 ER PT J AU Thomas, BJ Harruff-Miller, BA Bunker, CE Lewis, WK AF Thomas, Brandon J. Harruff-Miller, Barbara A. Bunker, Christopher E. Lewis, William K. TI Infrared spectroscopy of Mg-CO2 and Al-CO2 complexes in helium nanodroplets SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL CLUSTERS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; AB-INITIO; PHOTODISSOCIATION SPECTROSCOPY; GAS-PHASE; DROPLETS; CO2; HCN; LIQUID AB The catalytic reduction of CO2 to produce hydrocarbon fuels is a topic that has gained significant attention. Development of efficient catalysts is a key enabler to such approaches, and metal-based catalysts have shown promise towards this goal. The development of a fundamental understanding of the interactions between CO2 molecules and metal atoms is expected to offer insight into the chemistry that occurs at the active site of such catalysts. In the current study, we utilize helium droplet methods to assemble complexes composed of a CO2 molecule and a Mg or Al atom. High-resolution infrared (IR) spectroscopy and optically selected mass spectrometry are used to probe the structure and binding of the complexes, and the experimental observations are compared with theoretical results determined from ab initio calculations. In both the Mg-CO2 and Al-CO2 systems, two IR bands are obtained: one assigned to a linear isomer and the other assigned to a T-shaped isomer. In the case of the Mg-CO2 complexes, the vibrational frequencies and rotational constants associated with the two isomers are in good agreement with theoretical values. In the case of the Al-CO2 complexes, the vibrational frequencies agree with theoretical predictions; however, the bands from both structural isomers exhibit significant homogeneous broadening sufficient to completely obscure the rotational structure of the bands. The broadening is consistent with an upper state lifetime of 2.7 ps for the linear isomer and 1.8 ps for the T-shaped isomer. The short lifetime is tentatively attributed to a prompt photo-induced chemical reaction between the CO2 molecule and the Al atom comprising the complex. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Thomas, Brandon J.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Harruff-Miller, Barbara A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Energy Technol & Mat Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Bunker, Christopher E.; Lewis, William K.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lewis, WK (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM william.lewis.49@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) FX We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) through the support of Dr. Michael Berman and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 7 PY 2015 VL 142 IS 17 AR 174310 DI 10.1063/1.4919693 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CH8AN UT WOS:000354258200026 PM 25956103 ER PT J AU Ryan, MC AF Ryan, Michael C. TI A Second Chance to Miss the Same Opportunity: Post-Putin and the Potential Re-Emergence of a More Reasonable Russia SO AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY INTERESTS LA English DT Article DE cold war; NATO; prosperity; Putin; Russia; security; Ukraine AB At some point, possibly sooner and more suddenly than expected, Vladimir Putin will go the way of his autocratic predecessors and, along with him, Putinism. Russia will once again find itself at a crossroads. At that moment, as they have so many times before, the longings inherent in every Russian to be both a great Slav and a modern European will visit internal turmoil on the troubled souls of a proud nation. This recurring Russian spring offers the world yet another opportunity to embrace the Russian people. The presence of Putin is a clear indication that our generation missed our previous opportunity. His inevitable departure will be our second chance to miss the same opportunity unless we start to try to see the world as Russians do and then begin to communicate with them in ways that translate well into their perception of the world around them. C1 [Ryan, Michael C.] Dept Def, Washington, DC 20301 USA. [Ryan, Michael C.] US Air Force, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Ryan, Michael C.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Ryan, Michael C.] Coll Interarmee Def, Paris, France. [Ryan, Michael C.] US Mission European Union, Brussels, Belgium. [Ryan, Michael C.] NATO Sch, Oberammergau, Germany. RP Ryan, MC (reprint author), Dept Def, Washington, DC 20301 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1080-3920 EI 1533-2128 J9 AM FOREIGN POLICY IN JI Am. Foreign Policy Interes. PD MAY 4 PY 2015 VL 37 IS 3 BP 148 EP 156 DI 10.1080/10803920.2015.1056684 PG 9 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA CP3TC UT WOS:000359803900004 ER PT J AU Akdim, B Pachter, R Naik, RR AF Akdim, Brahim Pachter, Ruth Naik, Rajesh R. TI Self-assembled peptide nanotubes as electronic materials: An evaluation from first-principles calculations SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BUILDING-BLOCKS; NANOSTRUCTURES; MOLECULES AB In this letter, we report on the evaluation of diphenylalanine (FF), dityrosine (YY), and phenylalaninetryptophan (FW) self-assembled peptide nanotube structures for electronics and photonics applications. Realistic bulk peptide nanotube material models were used in density functional theory calculations to mimic the well-ordered tubular nanostructures. Importantly, validated functionals were applied, specifically by using a London dispersion correction to model intertube interactions and a range-separated hybrid functional for accurate bandgap calculations. Bandgaps were found consistent with available experimental data for FF, and also corroborate the higher conductance reported for FW in comparison to FF peptide nanotubes. Interestingly, the predicted bandgap for the YY tubular nanostructure was found to be slightly higher than that of FW, suggesting higher conductance as well. In addition, the band structure calculations along the high symmetry line of nanotube axis revealed a direct bandgap for FF. The results enhance our understanding of the electronic properties of these material systems and will pave the way into their application in devices. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Akdim, Brahim; Pachter, Ruth; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Akdim, Brahim] Gen Dynam Informat Technol Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Akdim, B (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brahim.akdim.ctr@us.af.mil; ruth.pachter@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the computational resources and helpful support provided by the AFRL DSRC. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 4 PY 2015 VL 106 IS 18 AR 183707 DI 10.1063/1.4921012 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CH8AW UT WOS:000354259200061 ER PT J AU Look, DC Heller, ER Yao, YF Yang, CC AF Look, David C. Heller, Eric R. Yao, Yu-Feng Yang, C. C. TI Significant mobility enhancement in extremely thin highly doped ZnO films (vol 106, 152102, 2015) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 [Look, David C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Look, David C.] Wyle Labs Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Look, David C.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Heller, Eric R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yao, Yu-Feng; Yang, C. C.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Photon & Optoelect, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM david.look@wright.edu; ccycc@ntu.edu.tw NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 4 PY 2015 VL 106 IS 18 AR 189901 DI 10.1063/1.49198741 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CH8AW UT WOS:000354259200065 ER PT J AU Drachuk, I Suntivich, R Calabrese, R Harbaugh, S Kelley-Loughnane, N Kaplan, DL Stone, M Tsukruk, VV AF Drachuk, Irina Suntivich, Rattanon Calabrese, Rossella Harbaugh, Svetlana Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy Kaplan, David L. Stone, Morley Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Printed Dual Cell Arrays for Multiplexed Sensing SO ACS BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE inkjet printing; silk fibroin; cell encapsulation; dual cell arrays; thin film biosensors ID INKJET; SILK; MICROARRAYS; DEPOSITION; PARTICLES; VIABILITY; BACTERIA AB We demonstrated inkjet printing of large-scale dual-type encapsulated bacterial cell arrays for prospective multiplexing sensing. The dual cell arrays were constructed on the basis of two types of bioengineered E. coli cells hosting fluorescent reporters (green-GFPal and red-turboRFP) capable of detecting different target chemicals. The versatility of inkjet printing allows for the fabrication of uniform multilayered confined structures composed of silk ionomers that served as nests for in-printing different cells. Furthermore, sequential encapsulation of "red" and "green" cells in microscopic silk nest arrays with the preservation of their function allowed for facile confinement of cells into microscopic silk nests, where cells retained dual red-green response to mixed analyte environment. Whole-cell dual arrays immobilized in microscopic biocompatible silk matrices were readily activated after prolonged storage (up to 3 months, ambient conditions), showing red green pattern and demonstrating an effective prototype of robust and long-living multiplexed biosensors for field applications. C1 [Drachuk, Irina; Suntivich, Rattanon; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Calabrese, Rossella; Kaplan, David L.] Tufts Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Harbaugh, Svetlana; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy; Stone, Morley] US Air Force, Res Lab, Directorate Human Effectiveness, Dayton, OH USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM vladimir@mse.gatech.edu FU (BIONIC Center) from Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-14-1-0269, FA9550-09-1-0162]; National Science Foundation [CBET-1402712] FX The study was supported by Grants FA9550-14-1-0269 and FA9550-09-1-0162 (BIONIC Center) from Air Force Office of Scientific Research and National Science Foundation CBET-1402712. We are grateful to Dr. M. Chyasnavichyus for the help with digital image formatting and Dr. R. Saldanha (AFRL) for plasmid pUC57:turboRFP. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2373-9878 J9 ACS BIOMATER SCI ENG JI ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 1 IS 5 BP 287 EP 294 DI 10.1021/ab500085k PG 8 WC Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Materials Science GA DC6RN UT WOS:000369347400001 ER PT J AU Dasari, CR Gunther, S Wisner, DH Cooke, DT Gold, CK Wong, MS AF Dasari, Chanukya R. Gunther, Sven Wisner, David H. Cooke, David T. Gold, Christopher K. Wong, Michael S. TI Rise in Microsurgical Free-Flap Breast Reconstruction in Academic Medical Practices SO ANNALS OF PLASTIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID IMPLANT RECONSTRUCTION; PATIENT SATISFACTION; PARADIGM SHIFT; TRENDS; IMMEDIATE; OUTCOMES; COMPLICATIONS; EXPERIENCE; SURGEONS AB Background Previous studies have examined national trends in breast reconstruction, using various data sets demonstrating increases in implant-based reconstruction and decreases in autologous reconstruction. However, academic breast reconstruction practices have never been specifically characterized. The University Health Consortium-Association of American Medical Colleges Faculty Practice Solutions Center database contains comprehensive, factual billing and coding data from 90 academic medical centers in the United States, and has been used to characterize practice patterns of various academic surgical specialties. Objective To describe breast reconstruction trends unique to academic surgical practices, using the Faculty Practice Solutions Center database. Methods Annual data for defined breast reconstruction procedures (current procedural terminology codes: 19340, 19342, 19357, 19361, 19364, 19366, 19367, 19369, and 19380) performed by university plastic surgeons during calendar years 2007 to 2013 were included in the study. Results From 2007 to 2013, a 2-fold increase in the number of breast reconstruction procedures was observed (from a mean of 45.3 to 94.2 procedures per surgeon). During this period, implant-based reconstructions and autologous reconstructions rose in tandem (28.9-44.6 and 11.4-19.3, respectively), with a preserved 2.5:1 ratio between the 2 categories each year. When compared to reconstructions overall, the proportion of both implant reconstruction and autologous reconstruction procedures declined, since revision and other types of reconstructions increased (11% of all reconstructions in 2007 vs 32% in 2013). With regard to autologous reconstruction, microsurgical free flaps (mostly comprised of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps) have supplanted latissimus flaps as the favored modality and comprised 13% to 14% of breast reconstruction cases overall from 2011 to 2013. Conclusion In contrast to national trends, university-based plastic surgeons are performing a growing number of microsurgical free flaps as the preferred method for autologous breast reconstruction. Whereas implant-based reconstructions still predominate in academic practices, the trend of increasing preference toward implant-based reconstructions has slowed in recent years and revision reconstructions are on the rise. C1 [Dasari, Chanukya R.; Gunther, Sven; Wisner, David H.; Cooke, David T.; Wong, Michael S.] Univ Calif Davis, Div Plast Surg, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Gold, Christopher K.] Travis AFB, Div Plast Surg, Fairfield, CA USA. RP Wong, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Div Plast Surg, Dept Surg, 2221 Stockton Blvd,Suite 2123, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM michael.wong@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0148-7043 EI 1536-3708 J9 ANN PLAS SURG JI Ann. Plast. Surg. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 74 SU 1 BP S62 EP S65 DI 10.1097/SAP.0000000000000483 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA CQ5FV UT WOS:000360629600015 PM 25785377 ER PT J AU Chandra, Y Zhou, Y Stanciulescu, I Eason, T Spottswood, S AF Chandra, Yenny Zhou, Yang Stanciulescu, Ilinca Eason, Thomas Spottswood, Stephen TI A robust composite time integration scheme for snap-through problems SO COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Time integration; Nonlinear dynamics; Snap-through; Backward differentiation formula ID ELASTIC MULTIBODY SYSTEMS; INVARIANT CONSERVING/DISSIPATING ALGORITHMS; MOMENTUM CONSERVING ALGORITHMS; IMPROVED NUMERICAL DISSIPATION; ENERGY DECAYING SCHEME; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; STEPPING ALGORITHMS; FINITE ROTATIONS; SHELLS AB A robust time integration scheme for snap-through buckling of shallow arches is proposed. The algorithm is a composite method that consists of three sub-steps. Numerical damping is introduced to the system by employing an algorithm similar to the backward differentiation formulas method in the last sub-step. Optimal algorithmic parameters are established based on stability criteria and minimization of numerical damping. The proposed method is accurate, numerically stable, and efficient as demonstrated through several examples involving loss of stability, large deformation, large displacements and large rotations. C1 [Chandra, Yenny; Zhou, Yang; Stanciulescu, Ilinca] Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Eason, Thomas; Spottswood, Stephen] Air Force Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Stanciulescu, I (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM ilinca.s@rice.edu OI Stanciulescu, Ilinca/0000-0003-4515-0363 FU AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0201]; DOD under the High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) [GS04T09DBC0017]; Data Analysis and Visualization Cyberinfrastructure - NSF [OCI-0959097]; Shared University Grid at Rice - NSF [EIA-0216467] FX The work has been funded in part by AFOSR under the Grant no. FA9550-09-1-0201 and by DOD under the High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) under the Grant GS04T09DBC0017. Their support is greatly appreciated. Support was also received from the Data Analysis and Visualization Cyberinfrastructure funded by NSF under Grant OCI-0959097 and the Shared University Grid at Rice funded by NSF under Grant EIA-0216467, and a partnership between Rice University, Sun Microsystems, and Sigma Solutions, Inc. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-7675 EI 1432-0924 J9 COMPUT MECH JI Comput. Mech. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1041 EP 1056 DI 10.1007/s00466-015-1152-3 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA CQ0QW UT WOS:000360302800014 ER PT J AU Haddad, MR Martinelli, D Choi, EY Zerfas, PM Sullivan, P Goldstein, DS Abebe, DT Centeno, JA Kaler, SG AF Haddad, Marie Reine Martinelli, Diego Choi, Eun-Young Zerfas, Patricia M. Sullivan, Patricia Goldstein, David S. Abebe, Daniel T. Centeno, Jose A. Kaler, Stephen G. TI Survival, Growth, and Neurobehavioral Outcomes in a Mouse Model of Menkes Disease With CSF-Directed AAV9 and Subcutaneous Copper Histidine SO MOLECULAR THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Gene-and-Cell-Therapy (ASGCT) CY MAY 13-16, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Gene & Cell Therapy C1 [Haddad, Marie Reine; Martinelli, Diego; Choi, Eun-Young; Kaler, Stephen G.] NICHD, Sect Translat Neurosci, Program Mol Med, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Zerfas, Patricia M.] NIH, Diagnost & Res Serv Branch, OD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Sullivan, Patricia; Goldstein, David S.] NINDS, Clin Neurocardiol Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Abebe, Daniel T.] NICHD, Res Anim Management Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Centeno, Jose A.] Andrews AFB, Malcolm Grow, Joint Pathol Ctr, Div Biophys Toxicol, Camp Springs, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1525-0016 EI 1525-0024 J9 MOL THER JI Mol. Ther. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 23 SU 1 MA 197 BP S78 EP S78 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA CP5UY UT WOS:000359951700198 ER PT J AU Bishop, NA Miller, J Zeppettella, D Baron, W Tuss, J Ali, M AF Bishop, Nicholas A. Miller, Jason Zeppettella, David Baron, William Tuss, James Ali, Mohammod TI A Broadband High-Gain Bi-Layer LPDA for UHF Conformal Load-Bearing Antenna Structures (CLASs) Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Array; broadband antenna; conformal load bearing antenna structure (CLAS); endfire; log-periodic; LPDA; ultrawideband (UWB) ID PERIODIC DIPOLE ARRAY; DESIGN AB A broadband high-gain bi-layer log-periodic dipole array (LPDA) is introduced for conformal load bearing antenna structures (CLASs) applications. Under the proposed scheme, the two layers of the LPDA are printed on two separate thin dielectric substrates which are substantially separated from each other. A meander line geometry is adapted to achieve size reduction for the array. The fabricated and tested array easily exceeds more than an octave of gain, pattern, and VSWR bandwidth. C1 [Bishop, Nicholas A.; Ali, Mohammod] Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Miller, Jason; Zeppettella, David; Baron, William; Tuss, James] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bishop, NA (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM bish-opna@email.sc.edu; Jason.miller.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; david.zeppettella@wpafb.af.mil; william.baron@wpafb.af.mil; james.tuss@wpafb.af.mil; alimo@cec.sc.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Wright Patterson Air Force Base [12-S2603-04-C01, 88ABW-2014-3668] FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Contract 12-S2603-04-C01. Cleared for Public Release-Case Number: 88ABW-2014-3668. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 63 IS 5 BP 2359 EP 2364 DI 10.1109/TAP.2015.2409866 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CK8UH UT WOS:000356513700053 ER PT J AU Matis, BA Wang, G Matis, JI Cook, NB Eckert, GJ AF Matis, B. A. Wang, G. Matis, J. I. Cook, N. B. Eckert, G. J. TI White Diet: Is It Necessary During Tooth Whitening? SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID SMALL COLOR DIFFERENCES; CLINICAL-EVALUATION; RED WINE; BLEACHED ENAMEL; IN-OFFICE; AGENTS; COFFEE AB Patients are sometimes blamed for a reduced effect of bleaching when they do not adhere to a dentist's prescribed white diet. This study aimed to determine whether a white diet is necessary by evaluating the effects of coffee, tea, wine, and dark fruits on the potential tooth whitening during the bleaching process. Each of the effects of discoloration was categorized as "yes'' or "no'' based on a patient questionnaire. Data from five published studies were included in the analyses. Outcomes were based on the color change between baseline and the end of bleaching. The relationships between color changes were measured subjectively and objectively. A nonwhite diet was not significantly associated with less tooth whitening, and there was only a weak positive association between tooth whitening and diet for subjects who drank large amounts of coffee/tea. C1 [Matis, B. A.] Indiana Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Restorat Dent, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. [Wang, G.] Wuhan Univ, Sch & Hosp Stomatol, Hubei MOST KLOS & KLOBM, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Matis, J. I.] US Air Force, Eielson Air Force Base, Air Force Base, AK USA. [Cook, N. B.] Indiana Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Restorat Dent, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. [Eckert, G. J.] Indiana Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Biostat, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. RP Wang, G (reprint author), 237 Louyo Rd, Wuhan 430079, Hunan, Peoples R China. EM wanggeinus@aliyun.com NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 EI 1559-2863 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD MAY-JUN PY 2015 VL 40 IS 3 BP 235 EP 240 DI 10.2341/14-019-LIT PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA CK9CS UT WOS:000356538700002 PM 25748208 ER PT J AU Redmon, RJ Rodriguez, JV Green, JC Ober, D Wilson, G Knipp, D Kilcommons, L McGuire, R AF Redmon, Rob J. Rodriguez, Juan V. Green, Janet C. Ober, Dan Wilson, Gordon Knipp, Delores Kilcommons, Liam McGuire, Robert TI Improved Polar and Geosynchronous Satellite Data Sets Available in Common Data Format at the Coordinated Data Analysis Web SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE POES; GOES; DMSP C1 [Redmon, Rob J.; Rodriguez, Juan V.] NOAAs Natl Geophys Data Center, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rodriguez, Juan V.] Univ Colorado, Boulders Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Green, Janet C.] Space Hazards Applicat, Boulder, CO USA. [Ober, Dan; Wilson, Gordon] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Knipp, Delores; Kilcommons, Liam] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McGuire, Robert] NASAs Space Phys Data Facility, Boulder, CO USA. RP Redmon, RJ (reprint author), NOAAs Natl Geophys Data Center, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rob.redmon@noaa.gov; juan.rodriguez@noaa.gov; jgreen@spacehaz.com; daniel.ober.1@us.af.mil; gordon.wilson@us.af.mil; delores.knipp@colorado.edu; liam.kilcommons@colorado.edu; robert.e.mcguire@nasa.gov FU NASA [NNX13AG07G] FX The DMSP effort was partially supported by NASA grant NNX13AG07G. The data described in this article are freely available at the websites listed in the General Comments section. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD MAY PY 2015 VL 13 IS 5 BP 254 EP 256 DI 10.1002/2015SW001176 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL0HX UT WOS:000356623500003 ER PT J AU Winter, LM Balasubramaniam, K AF Winter, L. M. Balasubramaniam, K. TI Using the maximum X-ray flux ratio and X-ray background to predict solar flare class SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE X-ray flares ID EMISSION MEASURES; ACTIVE REGIONS; 1-8 ANGSTROM; TEMPERATURES; EXPRESSIONS; PARAMETERS; AVALANCHES; PYTHON AB We present the discovery of a relationship between the maximum ratio of the flare flux (namely, 0.5-4 angstrom to the 1-8 angstrom flux) and nonflare background (namely, the 1-8 angstrom background flux), which clearly separates flares into classes by peak flux level. We established this relationship based on an analysis of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites X-ray observations of similar to 50,000 X, M, C, and flares derived from the NOAA/Space Weather Prediction Center flares catalog. Employing a combination of machine learning techniques (K-nearest neighbors and nearest centroid algorithms) we show a separation of the observed parameters for the different peak flaring energies. This analysis is validated by successfully predicting the flare classes for 100% of the X-class flares, 76% of the M-class flares, 80% of the C-class flares, and 81% of the B-class flares for solar cycle 24, based on the training of the parametric extracts for solar flares in cycles 22-23. C1 [Winter, L. M.] Atmospher & Environm Res, Superior, CO 80301 USA. [Balasubramaniam, K.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Winter, LM (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res, Superior, CO 80301 USA. EM lwinter@aer.com OI Winter, Lisa/0000-0002-3983-020X FU AFOSR; AFRL [FA8718-05-C-0036] FX The GOES XRS data used in this paper are available at http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/satellite/goes/dataaccess.html. The NOAA X-ray Flare Lists were downloaded from NOAA NGDC through the FTP site linked from here: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?t=102827 (TM) s=25 (TM) d=8,230,9. The monthly sunspot number was obtained from NASA Marshall Space Flight Centers compilation available here: http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/greenwch/spot_num.txt. K.S.B. expresses gratitude to AFOSR for supporting the AFRL Task on Flares and CMEs. L.M.W. is supported by AFRL contract FA8718-05-C-0036. The authors thank Doug Biesecker (NOAA SWPC) for useful discussion during the 2014 SHINE conference that led to investigating the Rmax ratio, which became a focal point of this paper. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD MAY PY 2015 VL 13 IS 5 BP 286 EP 297 DI 10.1002/2015SW001170 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL0HX UT WOS:000356623500007 ER PT J AU Soeken, TA Apsey, DA Townley, JR Haas, RW Caldwell, MC AF Soeken, Timothy A. Apsey, Douglas A. Townley, James R. Haas, Roy W. Caldwell, Matthew C. TI Comparison of Pachymetry Measurements Between the Alcon Wavelight EX500 and Sonogage Corneo-Gage Plus Platforms SO JOURNAL OF REFRACTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID LOW-COHERENCE REFLECTOMETRY; OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA; THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS; ULTRASOUND PACHYMETRY; OCULAR HYPERTENSION; FLAP THICKNESS; REPEATABILITY; TOMOGRAPHY; AGREEMENT; DEVICES AB PURPOSE: To compare the agreement of intraoperative central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements of the Wavelight EX500 (Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX) that uses optical low coherence reflectometry to the Corneo-Gage Plus ultrasound pachymetry device (Sonogage, Cleveland, OH). METHODS: In this retrospective study, 50 eyes of 26 patients undergoing LASIK were evaluated. Following LASIK flap creation, each eye was measured by both optical low coherence reflectometry and ultrasound pachymetry immediately prior to flap lifting and then again after flap lifting. RESULTS: The mean CCT value before lifting the flap was 556.9 and 557.78 mu m as measured by ultrasound pachymetry and optical low coherence reflectometry, respectively. After lifting the flap, the mean ultrasound pachymetry value was 440.96 mu m and the mean optical low coherence reflectometry value was 441.7 mu m. A two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test demonstrated that the ultrasound pachymetry and the optical low coherence reflectometry distribution of measurements were the same. A Shapiro-Wilk test of normality could not be rejected. Bland-Altman plots showed strong agreement. The correlation between the two tests was 0.98 before flap lifting and 0.97 after flap lifting, both with a 95% confidence interval. CONCLUSIONS: The pachymetry measurements by the optical low coherence reflectometry correlated with those of the ultrasound pachymetry device. The Wavelight EX500 optical low coherence reflectometry may be used in place of the ultrasound pachymetry device for measuring CCT. C1 [Soeken, Timothy A.; Apsey, Douglas A.; Townley, James R.; Caldwell, Matthew C.] Joint Warfighter Refract Surg Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Soeken, Timothy A.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Haas, Roy W.] Decypher Technol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Soeken, TA (reprint author), Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, Joint Warfighter Refract Surg Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM timsoeken05@hotmail.com NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 1081-597X EI 1938-2391 J9 J REFRACT SURG JI J. Refractive Surg. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 31 IS 5 BP 328 EP 332 DI 10.3928/1081597X-20150423-06 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA CK3WP UT WOS:000356147500007 PM 25974972 ER PT J AU Krygier, AG Morrison, JT Kar, S Ahmed, H Alejo, A Clarke, R Fuchs, J Green, A Jung, D Kleinschmidt, A Najmudin, Z Nakamura, H Norreys, P Notley, M Oliver, M Roth, M Vassura, L Zepf, M Borghesi, M Freeman, RR AF Krygier, A. G. Morrison, J. T. Kar, S. Ahmed, H. Alejo, A. Clarke, R. Fuchs, J. Green, A. Jung, D. Kleinschmidt, A. Najmudin, Z. Nakamura, H. Norreys, P. Notley, M. Oliver, M. Roth, M. Vassura, L. Zepf, M. Borghesi, M. Freeman, R. R. TI Selective deuterium ion acceleration using the Vulcan petawatt laser SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA INTERACTION; PROTON-BEAMS; INTENSE; GENERATION; DRIVEN; PULSES AB We report on the successful demonstration of selective acceleration of deuterium ions by target-normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) with a high-energy petawatt laser. TNSA typically produces a multi-species ion beam that originates from the intrinsic hydrocarbon and water vapor contaminants on the target surface. Using the method first developed by Morrison et al. [Phys. Plasmas 19, 030707 (2012)], an ion beam with > 99% deuterium ions and peak energy 14 MeV/nucleon is produced with a 200 J, 700 fs, > 10(20)W/cm(2) laser pulse by cryogenically freezing heavy water (D2O) vapor onto the rear surface of the target prior to the shot. Within the range of our detectors (0 degrees-8.5 degrees), we find laser-to-deuterium-ion energy conversion efficiency of 4.3% above 0.7 MeV/nucleon while a conservative estimate of the total beam gives a conversion efficiency of 9.4%. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Krygier, A. G.; Fuchs, J.; Vassura, L.] Ecole Polytech, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, F-91128 Palasiseau, France. [Krygier, A. G.; Freeman, R. R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Morrison, J. T.] Air Force Res Lab, Prop Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kar, S.; Ahmed, H.; Alejo, A.; Green, A.; Jung, D.; Zepf, M.; Borghesi, M.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Ctr Plasma Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Clarke, R.; Norreys, P.; Notley, M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Cent Laser Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Kleinschmidt, A.; Roth, M.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. [Najmudin, Z.; Nakamura, H.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, Blackett Lab, John Adams Inst, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Norreys, P.; Oliver, M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Zepf, M.] Helmholtz Inst Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Borghesi, M.] ASCR, ELI Beamlines Project, Inst Phys, Prague 18221, Czech Republic. RP Krygier, AG (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, F-91128 Palasiseau, France. EM s.kar@qub.ac.uk RI Fuchs, Julien/D-3450-2016; Kar, Satyabrata/E-5220-2010 OI Fuchs, Julien/0000-0001-9765-0787; FU United States Department of Energy [DE-FC02-04ER54789]; Quantum and Non-Equilibrium Processes Department of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research; EPSRC [EP/J002550/1, EP/L002221/1, EP/K022415/1]; European Social Fund; state budget of the Czech Republic [CZ.1.05/1.1.00/483/02.0061, CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0279] FX We are grateful for the dedicated work of laser operators, engineers, and technicians at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory who supported this experiment. A.G.K. and R.R.F. acknowledge funding from the United States Department of Energy through Contract No. DE-FC02-04ER54789. J.T.M. acknowledges funding from the Quantum and Non-Equilibrium Processes Department of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, under the management of Dr. Enrique Parra, Program Manager. We also acknowledge funding from EPSRC, through Grants EP/J002550/1-Career Acceleration Fellowship held by S.K., EP/L002221/1, and EP/K022415/1. M.B. acknowledges co-financing by the European Social Fund and the state budget of the Czech Republic (Project Nos. CZ.1.05/1.1.00/483/02.0061 and CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0279). NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2015 VL 22 IS 5 AR 053102 DI 10.1063/1.4919618 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CJ9AI UT WOS:000355794300055 ER PT J AU Bedford, NM Ramezani-Dakhel, H Slocik, JM Briggs, BD Ren, Y Frenkel, AI Petkov, V Heinz, H Naik, RR Knecht, MR AF Bedford, Nicholas M. Ramezani-Dakhel, Hadi Slocik, Joseph M. Briggs, Beverly D. Ren, Yang Frenkel, Anatoly I. Petkov, Valeri Heinz, Hendrik Naik, Rajesh R. Knecht, Marc R. TI Elucidation of Peptide-Directed Palladium Surface Structure for Biologically Tunable Nanocatalysts SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE biotemplating; peptides; atomic pair distribution function; molecular dynamics simulations; catalysis ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PAIR DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS; ENABLED SYNTHESIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; FORCE-FIELDS; NANOPARTICLES; ADSORPTION; GOLD AB Peptide-enabled synthesis of inorganic nanostructures represents an avenue to access catalytic materials with tunable and optimized properties. This is achieved via peptide complexity and programmability that is missing in traditional ligands for catalytic nanomaterials. Unfortunately, there is limited information available to correlate peptide sequence to particle structure and catalytic activity to date. As such, the application of peptide-enabled nanocatalysts remains limited to trial and error approaches. In this paper, a hybrid experimental and computational approach is introduced to systematically elucidate biomolecule-dependent structure/function relationships for peptide-capped Pd nanocatalysts. Synchrotron X-ray techniques were used to uncover substantial particle surface structural disorder, which was dependent upon the amino acid sequence of the peptide capping ligand. Nanocatalyst configurations were then determined directly from experimental data using reverse Monte Carlo methods and further refined using molecular dynamics simulation, obtaining thermodynamically stable peptide-Pd nanoparticle configurations. Sequence-dependent catalytic property differences for C-C coupling and olefin hydrogenation were then eluddated by identification of the catalytic active sites at the atomic level and quantitative prediction of relative reaction rates. This hybrid methodology provides a clear route to determine peptide-dependent structure/function relationships, enabling the generation of guidelines for catalyst design through rational tailoring of peptide sequences. C1 [Bedford, Nicholas M.; Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bedford, Nicholas M.; Briggs, Beverly D.; Knecht, Marc R.] Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Ramezani-Dakhel, Hadi; Heinz, Hendrik] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Frenkel, Anatoly I.] Yeshiva Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Petkov, Valeri] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48858 USA. RP Bedford, NM (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nicholas.bedford@nist.gov; hendrik.heinz@uakron.edu; rajesh.naik@us.af.mil; knecht@miami.edu RI Frenkel, Anatoly/D-3311-2011; Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Frenkel, Anatoly/0000-0002-5451-1207; Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation [CBET-1033334, DMR-0955071, DMR-1437355]; US Department of Energy [DE-FG0203ER15476, DE-SC000687]; University of Miami; University of Akron; Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG0205ER15688]; National Research Council; [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported in part by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (R.R.N), National Science Foundation (M.R.K. CBET-1033334, H.H. DMR-0955071, DMR-1437355), and US Department of Energy (A.F DE-FG0203ER15476, V.P. DE-SC000687). Further financial support was provided by the University of Miami and the University of Akron. Use of beamline 11-ID-C at the APS, an Office of Science User Facility operated by the US Department of Energy, was supported under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Beamline X18B at the NSLS is supported in part by the Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium, U.S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG0205ER15688. N.M.B. acknowledges fellowship support from the National Research Council Research Associateship award. H.R. and H.H. further acknowledge the allocation of computing resources at the Ohio Supercomputer Center. NR 58 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 13 U2 62 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAY PY 2015 VL 9 IS 5 BP 5082 EP 5092 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b00168 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CJ3KR UT WOS:000355383000044 PM 25905675 ER PT J AU Hu, DH Liu, Q Tisdale, J Lei, T Pei, J Wang, H Urbas, A Hu, B AF Hu, Dehua Liu, Qing Tisdale, Jeremy Lei, Ting Pei, Jian Wang, Hsin Urbas, Augustine Hu, Bin TI Seebeck Effects in N-Type and P-Type Polymers Driven Simultaneously by Surface Polarization and Entropy Differences Based on Conductor/Polymer/Conductor Thin-Film Devices SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE Seebeck effects; charge-transfer states; surface polarization; entropy difference; n-type organic polymer; p-type organic polymer ID ENHANCEMENT; DENSITY; VOLTAGE; STATES AB This paper reports Seebeck effects driven by both surface polarization difference and entropy difference by using photoinduced intramolecular charge-transfer states in n-type and p-type conjugated polymers, namely IIDT and IIDDT, respectively, based on vertical conductor/polymer/conductor thin-film devices. We obtain large Seebeck coefficients of 898 mu V/K from n-type IIDT and 1300 mu V/K from p-type IIDDT when the charge-transfer states are generated by a white light illumination of 100 mW/cm(2), compared with the values of 380 and 4700 mu V/K in dark condition, respectively. Simultaneously, the electrical conductivities are increased from almost insulating state in dark condition to conducting state under photoexcitation in both n-type IIDT and p-type IIDDT based devices. The large Seebeck effects can be attributed to the following two mechanisms. First, the intramolecular charge-transfer states exhibit strong electron phonon coupling, which leads to a polarization difference between high and low temperature surfaces. This polarization difference essentially forms a temperature-dependent electric field, functioning as a new driving force additional to entropy difference, to drive the energetic carriers for the development of Seebeck effects under a temperature difference. Second, the intramolecular charge-transfer states generate negative or positive majority carriers (electrons or holes) in the n-type IIDT or p-type IIDDT, ready to be driven between high and low temperature surfaces for developing Seebeck effects. On the basis of coexisted polarization difference and entropy difference, the intramolecular charge-transfer states can largely enhance the Seebeck effects in both n-type IIDT and p-type IIDDT devices. Furthermore, we find that changing electrical conductivity can switch the Seebeck effects between polarization and entropy regimes when the charge-transfer states are generated upon applying photoexcitation. Therefore, using intramolecular charge-transfer states presents an approach to develop thermoelectric effects in organic materials-based vertical conductor/polymer/conductor thin-film devices. C1 [Hu, Bin] Beijing Jiaotong Univ, Coll Sci, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China. [Hu, Dehua; Liu, Qing; Tisdale, Jeremy; Hu, Bin] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Lei, Ting; Pei, Jian] Peking Univ, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, Key Lab Bioorgan Chem & Mol Engn, Minist Educ,Coll Chem & Mol Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Wang, Hsin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Urbas, Augustine] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hu, B (reprint author), Beijing Jiaotong Univ, Coll Sci, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China. EM bhu@utk.edu RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 FU NSF [ECCS-0644945]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy [CNMS2012-106, CNMS2012-107]; UT-Battelle LLC [DE-AC05000OR22725]; National Significant Program [2014CB643506, 2013CB922104]; National Science Foundation [61077020, 61205034, 61475051] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the financial supports from the NSF (ECCS-0644945). This research was partially conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences based on user project (CNMS2012-106 and CNMS2012-107), which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy. H. Wang would like to thank the support of the assistant secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy of the Department of Energy and the Propulsion Materials program under the Vehicle Technologies program. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle LLC under contract DE-AC05000OR22725. The authors also acknowledge the project support from National Significant Program (2014CB643506, 2013CB922104) and National Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 61077020, 61205034, 61475051). NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 72 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAY PY 2015 VL 9 IS 5 BP 5208 EP 5213 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b00589 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CJ3KR UT WOS:000355383000056 PM 25877512 ER PT J AU Grayson, JK Shinn, AM Potts, MV Hatzfeld, JJ Cline, JM AF Grayson, J. Kevin Shinn, Antoinette M. Potts, M. Vicki Hatzfeld, Jennifer J. Cline, Jerry M. TI Comparison of a Ferret Model with an Inanimate Simulator for Training Novices in Techniques for Intubating Neonates SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION; TRACHEAL INTUBATION; AIRWAY MANAGEMENT; RESIDENTS; TRAINEES; RESUSCITATION; PERFORMANCE; IMPROVEMENT; CONFIDENCE; SUCCESS AB Simulators for neonatal intubation training have improved, prompting us to compare a state-of-the-art simulator with live ferrets for training novice family-medicine residents in this crucial skill. After a scripted didactic presentation, we used a crossover study design and randomly assigned residents to receive simulator or live ferret training, after which they repeated the procedure by using the opposite method. Participants were asked to report their level of confidence and competence before and after each training session and the usefulness of each training method. In addition, residents were videotaped performing the procedure and evaluated by using a modified global rating scale. The 2 methods did not differ in regard to self-reported confidence, competence, or usefulness of each training procedure. A majority of participants indicated that they preferred using the ferrets over the simulator, with realism cited most frequently as the reason for their choice. Videotape scores for time and motion and flow of the procedure were higher when the simulator was used, but higher for instrument handling when ferrets were intubated. Overall scores were higher for videotaped evaluations with the simulator compared with the ferrets. According to these findings, the simulator appears to provide adequate instruction for the initial training of novice learners in neonatal intubation techniques. C1 [Grayson, J. Kevin; Shinn, Antoinette M.; Potts, M. Vicki; Hatzfeld, Jennifer J.] Travis AFB, Clin Invest Facil, David Grant US Air Force Med Ctr, Fairfield, CA 94535 USA. [Cline, Jerry M.] Travis AFB, Dept Family Med, David Grant US Air Force Med Ctr, Fairfield, CA USA. RP Grayson, JK (reprint author), Travis AFB, Clin Invest Facil, David Grant US Air Force Med Ctr, Fairfield, CA 94535 USA. EM john.grayson.1@us.af.mil FU Air Force Medical Support Agency Clinical Investigations Program FX We thank the veterinary and clinical coordinator staffs of the Clinical Investigation Facility (David Grant USAF Medical Center) and the contributions of Dr Brian Montenegro. Study funding was received from the Air Force Medical Support Agency Clinical Investigations Program. The views expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the US Government, the Department of Defense, or the Department of the Air Force. The work reported herein was performed under United States Air Force Surgeon General approved clinical investigations numbers FDG20110035A and FDG20110042E. The animals involved in this study were procured, maintained, and used in accordance with the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act of 1966, as amended, and the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Research Council). The voluntary, fully informed consent of the subjects used in this research was obtained as required by 32 CFR 219 and Air Force Instruction 40-402, Protection of Human Subjects in Biomedical and Behavioral Research. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1559-6109 J9 J AM ASSOC LAB ANIM JI J. Amer. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 54 IS 3 BP 286 EP 290 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA CJ6YY UT WOS:000355642300007 PM 26045454 ER PT J AU Eovaldi, B Dunn, DP AF Eovaldi, Benjamin Dunn, Dell P. TI Case Report: Corpus Cavernosum Thrombosis Occurring During a Long-Range Aviation Mission Initially Diagnosed as Lymphoma SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IDIOPATHIC PARTIAL THROMBOSIS; SEGMENTAL THROMBOSIS; MANAGEMENT; FLIGHTS; RISK AB A 23-year-old active duty United States Air Force air crew male presented to the flight medicine clinic in Germany after experiencing sudden onset penile pain while flying as part of a long-range operational mission. He was admitted to the German hospital and empirically treated for infection with antibiotics, which did not improve his symptoms. Initial magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis with and without intravenous contrast was reported to be concerning for lymphoma, which prompted transport to a regional medical center in the United States. Further evaluation and review of the pelvic magnetic resonance imaging established a diagnosis of corpus cavernosum thrombosis. Conservative management with 3 months of standard anticoagulation therapy was effective in resolving the patient's symptoms. Corpus cavernosum thrombosis is a rare condition which appears to be associated with prolonged air travel that can easily be misdiagnosed as a much more serious condition; however, once accurate diagnosis is made, it is easily managed and treated. C1 [Eovaldi, Benjamin] 30th Med Operat Squadron, Vandenberg AFB, CA 93437 USA. [Dunn, Dell P.] 60th Diagnost & Therapeut Squadron, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Eovaldi, B (reprint author), 30th Med Operat Squadron, 338 South Dakota Ave,Bldg 13850, Vandenberg AFB, CA 93437 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 180 IS 5 BP E608 EP E610 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00506 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CJ5WF UT WOS:000355562600003 PM 25939120 ER PT J AU Rajendran, J Karri, R Wendt, JB Potkonjak, M McDonald, N Rose, GS Wysocki, B AF Rajendran, Jeyavijayan Karri, Ramesh Wendt, James B. Potkonjak, Miodrag McDonald, Nathan Rose, Garrett S. Wysocki, Bryant TI Nano Meets Security: Exploring Nanoelectronic Devices for Security Applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE Emerging technologies; hardware security; memristors; PCMs; physical unclonable functions ID PHYSICAL UNCLONABLE FUNCTIONS; PHASE-CHANGE MEMORY; SPIN-TRANSFER TORQUE; CIRCUIT; CRYPTOGRAPHY; RESISTANCE; MEMRISTOR; GENERATOR; DESIGN; POWER AB Information security has emerged as an important system and application metric. Classical security solutions use algorithmic mechanisms that address a small subset of emerging security requirements, often at high-energy and performance overhead. Further, emerging side-channel and physical attacks can compromise classical security solutions. Hardware security solutions overcome many of these limitations with less energy and performance overhead. Nanoelectronics-based hardware security preserves these advantages while enabling conceptually new security primitives and applications. This tutorial paper shows how one can develop hardware security primitives by exploiting the unique characteristics such as complex device and system models, bidirectional operation, and nonvolatility of emerging nanoelectronic devices. This paper then explains the security capabilities of several emerging nanoelectronic devices: memristors, resistive random-access memory, contact-resistive random-access memory, phase change memories, spin torque-transfer random-access memory, orthogonal spin transfer random access memory, graphene, carbon nanotubes, silicon nanowire field-effect transistors, and nanoelectronic mechanical switches. Further, the paper describes hardware security primitives for authentication, key generation, data encryption, device identification, digital forensics, tamper detection, and thwarting reverse engineering. Finally, the paper summarizes the outstanding challenges in using emerging nanoelectronic devices for security. C1 [Rajendran, Jeyavijayan; Karri, Ramesh] NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Wendt, James B.; Potkonjak, Miodrag] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [McDonald, Nathan; Wysocki, Bryant] US Air Force, Res Labs, Rome, NY USA. [Rose, Garrett S.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Rajendran, J (reprint author), NYU, 550 1St Ave, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM jv.ece@nyu.edu; rkarri@poly.edu; jwendt@cs.ucla.edu; miodrag@cs.ucla.edu; Nathan.McDonald@rl.af.mil; garose@utk.edu; Bryant.Wysocki@rl.af.mil NR 74 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD MAY PY 2015 VL 103 IS 5 BP 829 EP 849 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2014.2387353 PG 21 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CJ8LK UT WOS:000355751900008 ER PT J AU Gray, RE Gaddey, HL AF Gray, Richard E. Gaddey, Heidi L. TI RADIOLOGY REPORT An imaging guide to abdominal pain SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gaddey, Heidi L.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Family Med Residency Program, Offutt AFB, NE 68113 USA. [Gaddey, Heidi L.] 55th Med Grp, Offutt AFB, NE 68113 USA. RP Gaddey, HL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Family Med Residency Program, 2501 Capehart Rd, Offutt AFB, NE 68113 USA. EM heidi.gaddey@us.af.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 64 IS 5 BP 286 EP 291 PG 6 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CI6NI UT WOS:000354876200008 PM 26009737 ER PT J AU Kepley, JM Bowen, C Kobayashi, T AF Kepley, John M. Bowen, Casey Kobayashi, Todd TI Rash and fever in a 14-month-old girl SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID URTICARIA C1 [Kepley, John M.] Edward Via Coll Osteopath Med, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Bowen, Casey] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Joint Base San Antonio, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Bowen, C (reprint author), Dermatol Clin, 2200 Bergquist Dr,STE 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM casey.bowen.2@us.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 64 IS 5 BP E1 EP E3 PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CI6NI UT WOS:000354876200001 PM 26009749 ER PT J AU Stanfield, SA Kimmel, RL Adamczak, D Juliano, TJ AF Stanfield, Scott A. Kimmel, Roger L. Adamczak, David Juliano, Thomas J. TI Boundary-Layer Transition Experiment During Reentry of HIFiRE-1 SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID GROUND TEST; CONE AB The Hypersonic International Flight Research Experimentation program is a hypersonic flight test program. It successfully measured the three-dimensional transition front on a cone at angle of attack in hypersonic flight during its reentry. The test article consisted of a nonablating, 7 deg half-angle, axisymmetric cone with a small bluntness of 2.5mm radius. During transition, angle of attack dropped from 13 to 5 deg and freestream unit Reynolds number increased from 2x10(6) to 8x10(6)/m. Mach number during this time was approximately seven. Earliest transition, determined from fluctuating pressures, occurred on the leeward meridian, at Re-x = 3.1 x 10(6), alpha = 13deg, and M = 7. Attachment line transition occurred at Re-x = 4.7 x 10(6), = 9 deg, and M = 7. The latest transition occurred off the windward meridian at Re-x = 6.0 x 10(6) and phi = 30 and 280 deg. Transition occurred at lower Reynolds numbers than the alpha = 0 deg transition measured during ascent (Re-x = 11 x 10(6) at M = 5.2). The azimuthally averaged transition Reynolds number determined from thermocouples was Re-x = 4.9 x 10(6). Away from the windward meridian, wind-tunnel transition occurred at lower Reynolds numbers than in flight. However, the decrement in transition Reynolds number due to wind-tunnel noise was not as severe as at zero angle of attack. Wind-tunnel windward transition occurred at a higher Reynolds number than in flight. It is posited that the destabilizing effects of wall cooling, which was higher in flight (T-w/T-0 = 0.18) than in ground test (T-w/T-0 = 0.56), outweighed the effect of wind-tunnel noise on the windward transition. High-bandwidth instrumentation recorded periodic pressure fluctuations approximately midway between the windward and leeward meridians before transition. However, they could not be positively identified as a crossflow instability. C1 [Stanfield, Scott A.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. [Kimmel, Roger L.; Adamczak, David] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Juliano, Thomas J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Stanfield, SA (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 7610 McEwen Rd, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. RI Juliano, Thomas/A-8153-2015 OI Juliano, Thomas/0000-0002-9362-6007 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Australian Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO) [AF-06-0046] FX The work discussed within this paper was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the Australian Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO), and was carried out under Project Agreement AF-06-0046. The authors would like to thank the Royal Australia Navy Ranges and Assessing Unit, Aerospace Operational Support Group, Royal Australian Air Force, White Sands Missile Range, DTI/Kratos, and all members of the DSTO Air Vehicles Division Team, Brisbane. The authors also would like to acknowledge the effort and support of Douglas Dolvin of AFRL, and John Schmisseur and Rengasamy Ponnapan of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Navier-Stokes solutions were provided by Andrew Lofthouse of AFRL. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY PY 2015 VL 52 IS 3 BP 637 EP 649 DI 10.2514/1.A33197 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CI8DC UT WOS:000354997900001 ER PT J AU Juliano, TJ Adamczak, D Kimmel, RL AF Juliano, Thomas J. Adamczak, David Kimmel, Roger L. TI HIFiRE-5 Flight Test Results SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; TRANSITION AB The Hypersonic International Flight Research Experimentation (HIFiRE-5) is a hypersonic flight test vehicle designed to investigate the aerothermodynamics of a three-dimensional geometry. It is a 7-deg minor-axis half-angle elliptic cone with a 2:1 aspect ratio and 2.5mm nose radius. The flight test occurred in April2012, but the upper stage of the sounding rocket failed to ignite, resulting in a peak Mach number of about 3 instead of the target of 7. The instrumentation (almost 300 thermocouples and 50 pressure transducers) performed well and provided a wealth of supersonic aeroheating and boundary-layer transition data. The pressure transducers indicated the expected dependence upon angle of attack and yaw and offer a check for the inertial measurement unit. Heat flux was calculated from paired thermocouples and boundary-layer transition locations were identified from the heating rates. Two boundary-layer transition mechanisms were encountered during the supersonic descent. One mode leads to transition over the acreage of the vehicle and correlates well with Re-x; the other mechanism causes the leading-edge boundary-layer transition to advance rapidly over a small range of freestream Re and is suspected to be roughness-induced. The good performance of the instrumentation increases confidence in the success of a repeat flight. C1 [Juliano, Thomas J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Adamczak, David; Kimmel, Roger L.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Juliano, TJ (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI Juliano, Thomas/A-8153-2015 OI Juliano, Thomas/0000-0002-9362-6007 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory; Australian Defence Science and Technology Organisation [AF-06-0046]; Douglas Dolvin, AFRL/RQHV; John Schmisseur, formerly Air Force Office of Scientific Research and currently University of Tennessee Space Institute; Rengasamy Ponnappan, AFOSR/RTA FX HIFiRE flight 5 was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory and the Australian Defence Science and Technology Organisation and was carried out under Project Agreement AF-06-0046. Many thanks are extended to the Andoya Rocket Range of Norway and DLR/Moraba, and all members of the DSTO AVD Team Brisbane. The authors gratefully acknowledge the efforts and support of Douglas Dolvin, AFRL/RQHV; John Schmisseur, formerly Air Force Office of Scientific Research and currently University of Tennessee Space Institute; and Rengasamy Ponnappan, AFOSR/RTA. This research was performed while Dr. Juliano held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. The authors wish to thank Arnold Engineering Development Center Tunnel 9 personnel for their assistance with heat transfer analysis. The UPS solutions cited in this paper were provided by James Miller, AFRL/RQHV, with additional analysis by Joseph Jewell, AFRL/RQHF contractor. The AVUS solutions were provided by Joel Malo-Molina of AFRL/RQHF and Albert Rougeux of AFRL/RQHV. This material has been cleared for public release. Case Numbers 88ABW-2012-6293 and 2013-5131. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY PY 2015 VL 52 IS 3 BP 650 EP 663 DI 10.2514/1.A33142 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CI8DC UT WOS:000354997900002 ER PT J AU Borg, MP Kimmel, RL Stanfield, S AF Borg, Matthew P. Kimmel, Roger L. Stanfield, Scott TI Traveling Crossflow Instability for the HIFiRE-5 Elliptic Cone SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER-TRANSITION; LAMINAR-TURBULENT TRANSITION; SECONDARY INSTABILITY; AERODYNAMIC NOISE; WIND TUNNELS AB A 38.1%-scale model of the Hypersonic International Flight Research Experimentation Program's Flight Five 2:1 elliptic cone flight vehicle was used to investigate the traveling crossflow instability in a Mach 6 quiet wind tunnel. Traveling crossflow waves were detected with pressure sensors mounted flush with the model surface. The crossflow instability phase speed and wave angle were calculated from the cross spectra of the three pressure sensors. Both quantities showed good agreement with linear stability theory. Duplicate runs at the same initial conditions showed excellent repeatability in traveling crossflow wave properties. Traveling crossflow waves in quiet flow showed very low levels of nonlinear interactions. No traveling crossflow waves were observed for any Reynolds number for elevated freestream noise levels, but transition occurred for a much lower Reynolds number than in quiet flow. Due to the lack of nonlinear growth in quiet flow and the absence of traveling crossflow waves in noisy flow, it appeared that the traveling crossflow instability was not the primary transition mechanism on the model for quiet or noisy flow in this wind tunnel. C1 [Borg, Matthew P.; Kimmel, Roger L.] US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stanfield, Scott] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. RP Borg, MP (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU John Schmisseur and Rengasamy Ponnappan of the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors are grateful to Steven Schneider of Purdue University for donating time in the Boeing/AFOSR Mach-6 Quiet Tunnel for these experiments. Steven Schneider's research group was very helpful in supporting these tests. Thanks are also due to Thomas Juliano for his assistance, providing valuable insight into the experiments and the model based on his previous experience, as well as for several fruitful discussions of the data. Meelan Choudhari, Fei Li, and Chau-Lyan Chang of NASA Langley Research Center performed the computations. This work was supported by John Schmisseur and Rengasamy Ponnappan of the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research. This material has been cleared for public release. Case Number 88ABW-2015-0480. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY PY 2015 VL 52 IS 3 BP 664 EP 673 DI 10.2514/1.A33145 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CI8DC UT WOS:000354997900003 ER PT J AU Leigh, AM Black, JT AF Leigh, Abraham M. Black, Jonathan T. TI Navigation Solution to Maneuver Spacecraft Relative to Spheres Centered on Cooperative Satellites SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB A differential correction algorithm is presented to deliver an impulsive maneuver to a satellite to place it within the overlapping spheres, with user-defined radii, centered around multiple cooperative satellites within a constrained time. The differential correction algorithm develops and utilizes the state transition matrix along with the equations of motion and multiple satellites' state information to determine the optimum trajectory to achieve the desired results. The results from the algorithm are presented for prograde orbits. The results are presented in order to allow for mission design trade-offs, including satellite separation distance and required V based on the satellites' initial inclinations. The results also provide empirical methods to determine the miss distance and optimum V solutions for the provided problem. This work ultimately provides the framework for applying the algorithm to a unique user defined responsive space scenario. C1 [Leigh, Abraham M.; Black, Jonathan T.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Leigh, AM (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Black, Jonathan/R-4875-2016 OI Black, Jonathan/0000-0001-9315-3994 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY PY 2015 VL 52 IS 3 BP 754 EP 765 DI 10.2514/1.A32910 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CI8DC UT WOS:000354997900011 ER PT J AU Bettinger, RA Black, JT Agte, JS AF Bettinger, Robert A. Black, Jonathan T. Agte, Jeremy S. TI Design of Experiment Approach to Atmospheric Skip Entry Maneuver Optimization SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID AEROASSISTED ORBITAL TRANSFER; COSTATE ESTIMATION; PLANE CHANGE; EARTH-ORBIT; TRAJECTORIES AB An optimal trans-atmospheric vehicle and trajectory design are presented to simultaneously maximize the change in inclination angle and minimize total V for an atmospheric skip entry maneuver. As an alternative to contemporary optimization techniques such as pseudospectral methods, a Design of Experiments approach featuring orthogonal arrays of experiments is implemented to solve the multi-objective maneuver optimization problem of atmospheric re-entry. Conducting both Pareto front and main effects analysis, the optimal solution is determined by evaluating the relative performance of six design variables, to include mass, planform area, aerodynamic coefficients, perigee altitude, and bank angle. Depending on the chosen re-circularization altitude, the optimal design performing an out-of-plane skip entry maneuver can achieve an inclination change of 19.91deg with 50-85% less V than a simple plane change. C1 [Bettinger, Robert A.; Black, Jonathan T.; Agte, Jeremy S.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bettinger, RA (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Black, Jonathan/R-4875-2016 OI Black, Jonathan/0000-0001-9315-3994 NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY PY 2015 VL 52 IS 3 BP 813 EP 826 DI 10.2514/1.A33032 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CI8DC UT WOS:000354997900016 ER PT J AU Miao, X Chabak, K Zhang, C Mohseni, PK Walker, D Li, XL AF Miao, Xin Chabak, Kelson Zhang, Chen Mohseni, Parsian K. Walker, Dennis, Jr. Li, Xiuling TI High-Speed Planar GaAs Nanowire Arrays with f(max) > 75 GHz by Wafer-Scale Bottom-up Growth SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bottom-up; VLS; nanowire; III-IV; transistor; VLSI ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS; ALIGNED NANOWIRES; MOSFETS; PERFORMANCE; GRAPHENE; CHANNEL; CIRCUITS AB Wafer-scale defect-free planar III-V nanowire (NW) arrays with similar to 100% yield and precisely defined positions are realized via a patterned vaporliquidsolid (VLS) growth method. Long and uniform planar GaAs NWs were assembled in perfectly parallel arrays to form double-channel T-gated NW array-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with DC and RF performance surpassing those for all field-effect transistors (FETs) with VLS NWs, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), or graphene channels in-plane with the substrate. For a planar GaAs NW array-based HEMT with 150 nm gate length and 2 V drain bias, the on/off ratio (I-ON/I-OFF), cutoff frequency (f(T)), and maximum oscillation frequency (f(max)) are 10(4), 33, and 75 GHz, respectively. By characterizing more than 100 devices on a 1.5 x 1.5 cm(2) chip, we prove chip-level electrical uniformity of the planar NW array-based HEMTs and verify the feasibility of using this bottom-up planar NW technology for post-Si large-scale nanoelectronics. C1 [Miao, Xin; Chabak, Kelson; Zhang, Chen; Mohseni, Parsian K.; Li, Xiuling] Univ Illinois, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Chabak, Kelson; Walker, Dennis, Jr.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, XL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, 208 N Wright St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM xiuling@illinois.edu RI Miao, Xin/C-2332-2017 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS 1001928, DMR 1006581]; Office of Naval Research [ONR N000141110634]; Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate FX The authors acknowledge support of this work by National Science Foundation ECCS 1001928 (X.M., KC., and X.L.) and DMR 1006581 (C.Z. and X.L.), Office of Naval Research (ONR N000141110634, P.K.M. and X.L.) and Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate (K.C. and D.W.). TEM characterization and sample preparation via FIB were carried out in part in the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory Central Research Facilities, University of Illinois. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 15 IS 5 BP 2780 EP 2786 DI 10.1021/nl503596j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CI6WX UT WOS:000354906000003 PM 25494481 ER PT J AU De Sio, L Placido, T Comparelli, R Curri, ML Striccoli, M Tabiryan, N Bunning, TJ AF De Sio, Luciano Placido, Tiziana Comparelli, Roberto Curri, M. Lucia Striccoli, Marinella Tabiryan, Nelson Bunning, Timothy J. TI Next-generation thermo-plasmonic technologies and plasmonic nanoparticles in optoelectronics SO PROGRESS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Review DE Plasmonics; Nanomaterials; Soft matter; Nanomedicine; Optoelectronics ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SURFACTANT-DIRECTED SYNTHESIS; FUNCTIONALIZED GOLD NANORODS; SEED-MEDIATED GROWTH; 808-NM DIODE-LASER; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; AU NANOPARTICLES; ASYMMETRIC FUNCTIONALIZATION; SILVER NANOPARTICLES AB Controlling light interactions with matter on the nanometer scale provides for compelling opportunities for modem technology and stretches our understanding and exploitation of applied physics, electronics, and fabrication science. The smallest size to which light can be confined using standard optical elements such as lenses and mirrors is limited by diffraction. Plasmonic nanostructures have the extraordinary capability to control light beyond the diffraction limit through an unique phenomenon called the localized plasmon resonance. This remarkable capability enables unique prospects for the design, fabrication and characterization of highly integrated photonic signal-processing systems, nanoresolution optical imaging techniques and nanoscale electronic circuits. This paper summarizes the basic principles and the main achievements in the practical utilization of plasmonic effects in nanoparticles. Specifically, the paper aims at highlighting the major contributions of nanoparticles to nanoscale temperature monitoring, modem "drug free" medicine and the application of nanomaterials to a new generation of opto-electronics integrated circuits. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [De Sio, Luciano; Tabiryan, Nelson] Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [De Sio, Luciano] Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, Ctr Excellence Study Innovat Funct Mat, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. [Placido, Tiziana] Univ Bari, Dip Chim, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Placido, Tiziana; Comparelli, Roberto; Curri, M. Lucia; Striccoli, Marinella] CNR, IPCF, Sez Bari, Dip Chim, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bunning, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP De Sio, L (reprint author), Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. EM luciano.desio@fis.unical.it RI Comparelli, Roberto/C-5449-2009; Curri, Maria Lucia/C-5360-2009; Striccoli, Marinella/C-5456-2009 OI Comparelli, Roberto/0000-0003-4640-7204; Curri, Maria Lucia/0000-0002-0261-8379; Striccoli, Marinella/0000-0002-5366-691X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), U.S. Air Force [FA9550-14-1-0050]; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL; Sens&Micro LAB Project (POFESR), PRIN [P15, 2010C4R8M8, 2012T9XHH7] FX We acknowledge the cooperation of all co-authors of the papers we published on the argument: R. Bartolino, C. Umeton (from the University of Calabria) and co-workers; T. Burgi (from the Universite de Geneve) and co-workers; A. Agostiano (from University of Bari-Chemistry Department) and co-workers. The research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) (Grant No. FA9550-14-1-0050), U.S. Air Force, under Grant FA9550-14-1-0050 (P.I. L. De Sio, EOARD 2014/2015) and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL; the Sens&Micro (Grant No. P15) LAB Project (POFESR 2007-2013), PRIN 2010-2011 (Prot. 2010C4R8M8) (Grant No. 2010C4R8M8) and PRIN 2012 (Prot. 2012T9XHH7) (Grant No. 2012T9XHH7). NR 207 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 67 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6727 J9 PROG QUANT ELECTRON JI Prog. Quantum Electron. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 41 BP 23 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.pquantelec.2015.03.001 PG 48 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CJ3HO UT WOS:000355374200002 ER PT J AU Iverson, K Riojas, R Sharon, D Hall, AB AF Iverson, Kyle Riojas, Ramon Sharon, Danny Hall, Andrew B. TI Objective Comparison of Animal Training Versus Artificial Simulation for Initial Cricothyroidotomy Training SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article ID SURGICAL SIMULATION; TECHNICAL SKILLS; MODEL AB This manuscript aims to determine if there is a difference in performance outcomes after initial training with either animals or simulators. Volunteers without prior experience performing emergency procedures were randomly assigned to receive training in cricothyroidotomy on either a pig model or on an artificial simulator. Volunteers were given identical lectures and trained to proficiency. Two weeks after training, trainees were tested using human cadavers as to their performance with time, incision size, incision start location, initial placement attempt, and final accuracy. Overall success rate of the animal-trained group was 64 per cent and in the artificial simulator group, 73 per cent (P = 0.431). Median time to completion in the animal group and artificial simulator group was 143 s and 105 s (P = 0.482), and incision lengths 4.0 cm and 3.2 cm (P = 0.173), respectively. Accuracy of initially attempted incision placement and final cricothyroidotomy tube placement was also compared. Initially attempted site accuracy in the animal-trained group was 93 per cent and correct final position 79 per cent, and in the artificial group, 100 per cent (P = 0.452) and 88 per cent (P = 0.782), respectively. There was no statistically significant, objective difference in any metric between animal-and simulator-trained groups after cricothyroidotomy training. For initial training, there is no objective benefit of animal training. C1 [Iverson, Kyle; Riojas, Ramon; Hall, Andrew B.] Keesler Med Ctr, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. [Sharon, Danny] Air Force Med Support Agcy, Joint Base San Antonio L, TX USA. RP Hall, AB (reprint author), Keesler Med Ctr, 301 Fisher St, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. EM andrew.hall.2@us.af.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI CUMMING PA 115 SAMARITAN DR, #200, CUMMING, GA 30040-2354 USA SN 0003-1348 EI 1555-9823 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 81 IS 5 BP 515 EP 518 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA CI6TS UT WOS:000354895700035 PM 25975338 ER PT J AU Yun, Y Zhai, XF Ma, C Huang, HL Meng, DC Cui, ZZ Wang, JL Fu, ZP Peng, RR Brown, GJ Lu, YL AF Yun, Yu Zhai, Xiaofang Ma, Chao Huang, Haoliang Meng, Dechao Cui, Zhangzhang Wang, Jianlin Fu, Zhengping Peng, Ranran Brown, Gail J. Lu, Yalin TI Growth of single-crystalline Bi6FeCoTi3O18 thin films and their magnetic-ferroelectric properties SO APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID MULTIFERROIC PROPERTIES; STRUCTURAL STABILITY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SYSTEM; BI4TI3O12-BIFEO3; NANOSTRUCTURES; CERAMICS; BIFEO3; OXIDES AB High-quality single-crystalline thin films of n = 5 (n denotes the period of the Aurivillius structure) multiferroic Aurivillius oxides were obtained by determining and applying an optimal growth temperature of 605 degrees C and oxygen pressure of 20 Pa using pulsed laser deposition. The optimal growth ranges were narrower than 30 degrees C for the temperature and 10 Pa for the pressure. The optimized thin films exhibited obvious ferroelectric polarization switching in the out-of-plane direction as well as weak ferromagnetism with a saturation magnetization of less than 10 emu/cm(3). (C) 2015 The Japan Society of Applied Physics C1 [Yun, Yu; Zhai, Xiaofang; Ma, Chao; Huang, Haoliang; Meng, Dechao; Cui, Zhangzhang; Wang, Jianlin; Fu, Zhengping; Peng, Ranran; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Yun, Yu; Huang, Haoliang; Meng, Dechao; Cui, Zhangzhang; Wang, Jianlin; Fu, Zhengping; Peng, Ranran; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Zhai, Xiaofang; Huang, Haoliang; Fu, Zhengping; Peng, Ranran; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Synerget Innovat Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum P, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Zhai, Xiaofang] CAS Hefei Inst Phys Sci, Hefei Phys Sci & Technol Ctr, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Brown, Gail J.] AFRL RXPSO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhai, XF (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. EM xfzhai@ustc.edu.cn; yllu@ustc.edu.cn RI Peng, Ranran/F-5934-2010; Ma, Chao/J-4569-2015 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB922001]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KGZD-EW-T06]; US Air Force Office of Scientific of Research (AFOSR); DTRA [122221] FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB922001) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KGZD-EW-T06). The authors thank USTC Center for Micro- and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication for providing assistance on PFM measurement and especially for the support from Jinlan Peng. Y. L. Lu thanks the US Air Force Office of Scientific of Research (AFOSR) and DTRA (122221). NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 64 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1882-0778 EI 1882-0786 J9 APPL PHYS EXPRESS JI Appl. Phys. Express PD MAY PY 2015 VL 8 IS 5 AR 054001 DI 10.7567/APEX.8.054001 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CI7RV UT WOS:000354963000021 ER PT J AU Adorno-Rodriguez, R Palazotto, AN AF Adorno-Rodriguez, Ruben Palazotto, Anthony N. TI Nonlinear Structural Analysis of an Icosahedron Under an Internal Vacuum SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB The concept that a structure is capable of producing buoyancy using an internal vacuum rather than a gas dates back to the 1600s, but material technology has restricted the construction of such concepts for common geometries, such as the sphere. Different and often complex geometries compensate for the lack of light materials that provide the stiffness and strength needed. Therefore, this research looks at a lighter-than-air vehicle in the form of an icosahedral frame/skin configuration using nonlinear finite element analysis in order to determine the structural response of such a vehicle, its capacity to sustain a vacuum with both material technology that exists today and in the near future, and its buoyancy characteristics. The structural response is characterized with large displacements, where membrane behavior dominates the icosahedral skin response, generating geometric stiffening in the overall structure. It is shown that those displacements have minimal effect in the structure's buoyancy, with no more than 4% reduction. Overall, the nonlinear analysis of the icosahedral structure provided tangible background on its behavior and the lighter-than-air vehicle applicability. It is feasibly possible to actually manufacture this type of vehicle in the very near future, depending upon newer materials with more advanced strength. C1 [Adorno-Rodriguez, Ruben; Palazotto, Anthony N.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Adorno-Rodriguez, R (reprint author), US Air Force, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to thank David Stargel of Air Force Office of Scientific Research for his financial support and encouragement. The views expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U S. Air Force, the U.S. Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2015 VL 52 IS 3 BP 878 EP 883 DI 10.2514/1.C033284 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CI4VH UT WOS:000354751400014 ER PT J AU Gajewicz, A Schaeublin, N Rasulev, B Hussain, S Leszczynska, D Puzyn, T Leszczynski, J AF Gajewicz, Agnieszka Schaeublin, Nicole Rasulev, Bakhtiyor Hussain, Saber Leszczynska, Danuta Puzyn, Tomasz Leszczynski, Jerzy TI Towards understanding mechanisms governing cytotoxicity of metal oxides nanoparticles: Hints from nano-QSAR studies SO NANOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HaCaT; nano-metal oxides; nano-QSAR; nanoparticles; toxicity ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; PULMONARY TOXICITY; CARBON NANOTUBES; NDDO APPROXIMATIONS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; PROTEIN CORONA; BAND-GAP; SIZE; NANOMATERIALS; AGGREGATION AB The production of nanomaterials increases every year exponentially and therefore the probability these novel materials that they could cause adverse outcomes for human health and the environment also expands rapidly. We proposed two types of mechanisms of toxic action that are collectively applied in a nano-QSAR model, which provides governance over the toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles to the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The combined experimental-theoretical studies allowed the development of an interpretative nano-QSAR model describing the toxicity of 18 nano-metal oxides to the HaCaT cell line, which is a common in vitro model for keratinocyte response during toxic dermal exposure. The comparison of the toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles to bacteria Escherichia coli (prokaryotic system) and a human keratinocyte cell line (eukaryotic system), resulted in the hypothesis that different modes of toxic action occur between prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. C1 [Gajewicz, Agnieszka; Puzyn, Tomasz] Univ Gdansk, Lab Environm Chemometr, Inst Environm & Human Hlth Protect, Fac Chem, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. [Schaeublin, Nicole; Hussain, Saber] Air Force Res Lab, Biol Interact Nanomat, Human Effectiveness Directorate 711, Appl Biotechnol Branch,Human Performance Wing, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Rasulev, Bakhtiyor; Leszczynski, Jerzy] Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. [Leszczynska, Danuta] Jackson State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Interdisciplinary Nanotoxicity Ctr, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. RP Leszczynski, J (reprint author), Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 1400 Lynch St, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. EM jerzy@icnanotox.org OI Puzyn, Tomasz/0000-0003-0449-8339; Rasulev, Bakhtiyor/0000-0002-7845-4884 FU 711 HPW/RHD [FA8650-10-2-6062]; NSF CREST Interdisciplinary Nanotoxicity Center NSF-CREST [HRD-0833178]; NSF-EPSCoR Award [362492-190200-01\NSFEPS-0903787]; Polish National Science Center [UMO-2011/01/M/NZ7/01445] FX This material is based on research sponsored by 711 HPW/RHD under agreement number FA8650-10-2-6062. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of 711 HPW/RHD or the U.S. Government. The authors thank for support of the NSF CREST Interdisciplinary Nanotoxicity Center NSF-CREST - Grant #HRD-0833178 and NSF-EPSCoR Award #: 362492-190200-01\NSFEPS-0903787. This work was supported by the Polish National Science Center (grant no. UMO-2011/01/M/NZ7/01445). The authors would also like to thank Ms. Elizabeth Maurer for all of her work on the characterization of the nanomaterials. NR 83 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 11 U2 40 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1743-5390 EI 1743-5404 J9 NANOTOXICOLOGY JI Nanotoxicology PD MAY PY 2015 VL 9 IS 3 BP 313 EP 325 DI 10.3109/17435390.2014.930195 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA CI7WI UT WOS:000354975400005 PM 24983896 ER PT J AU Howard, DL Soulli, B Johnson, N Cooper, S AF Howard, David Leighton Soulli, Beth Johnson, Nicole Cooper, Saladin TI Women's Understanding of the Term "Pap Smear": A Comparison of Spanish-Speaking and English-Speaking Women SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 61st Annual Clinical Meeting of the American-College-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists - Women's Health Care Physicians CY MAY 07, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists C1 [Howard, David Leighton] US Air Force, Joint Base Langley Eustis, Hampton, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 125 SU 1 MA 8 BP 3S EP 3S PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA CH6EI UT WOS:000354128700009 ER PT J AU Franzi, MA Greening, GB Jordan, NM Gilgenbach, RM Simon, DH Lau, YY Hoff, BW Luginsland, J AF Franzi, Matthew A. Greening, Geoffrey B. Jordan, Nicholas M. Gilgenbach, Ronald M. Simon, David H. Lau, Y. Y. Hoff, Brad W. Luginsland, John TI Microwave Power and Phase Measurements on a Recirculating Planar Magnetron SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cavity magnetron; frequency locking; high-power microwaves (HPMs); recirculating planar magnetron (RPM); vacuum electronics ID E-BEAM ACCELERATOR; RELATIVISTIC MAGNETRON; SIMULATIONS; OPERATION; DRIVEN AB Calibrated microwave power and phase measurements are presented for the first recirculating planar magnetron prototype consisting of two coupled six-cavity 1-GHz planar cavity arrays. The results are presented for a solid cathode and two mode-control cathodes (MCCs) with aluminum or velvet electron emitters. The measurements were conducted using a prototype coaxial microwave power extraction scheme. The experimental operating parameters included: pulsed cathode voltages between -250 and -300 kV, voltage pulselengths of 200-600 mu s, axial magnetic fields of 0.1-0.32 T, and entrance currents of 1-10 kA. The results showed improved oscillator frequency locking for the MCCs and increases in power and efficiency using the velvet electron emitter. C1 [Franzi, Matthew A.; Greening, Geoffrey B.; Jordan, Nicholas M.; Gilgenbach, Ronald M.; Simon, David H.; Lau, Y. Y.] Univ Michigan, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hoff, Brad W.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Luginsland, John] Air Force Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Franzi, MA (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Electrodynam, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mfronz@umich.edu; geofgree@umich.edu; jordann@umich.edu; rongilg@umich.edu; dhsimon@umich.edu; yylau@umich.edu; brad.hoff@kirtland.af.mil; john.luginsland@afosr.af.mil RI Simon, David/L-8446-2016 OI Simon, David/0000-0001-8666-995X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-10-1-0104]; Air Force Research Laboratory; L-3 Communications Electron Devices FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant FA9550-10-1-0104, in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory, and in part by the L-3 Communications Electron Devices. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1675 EP 1682 DI 10.1109/TPS.2015.2417774 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CH9RT UT WOS:000354374600003 ER PT J AU Dharamsi, FM Michener, MD Dharamsi, JW AF Dharamsi, Farid M. Michener, Michael D. Dharamsi, Jennifer Warner TI BULLOUS FIXED DRUG ERUPTION MASQUERADING AS RECURRENT STEVENS JOHNSON SYNDROME SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE drug eruption; drug rash; fixed drug eruption; Stevens Johnson syndrome; toxic epidermal necrolysis ID TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS AB Background: Fixed drug eruptions (FDE) are peculiar drug rashes that tend to be violaceous, hyperpigmented, and round to oval-shaped plaques with dusky gray centers. The lesions tend to recur in a similar dermatologic distribution upon re-exposure to the offending medication, leading to intensified inflammation and sometimes the formation of blisters, bullae, and erosions. This bullous form of FDE can be mistaken clinically for Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS) or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Case Report: We report two cases of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with characteristic blistering skin lesions and reports of similar prior episodes; both patients were initially diagnosed in the ED as "recurrent SJS" and admitted to the burn intensive care unit. Each patient was evaluated emergently by dermatology consultants, identified as cases of FDE rather than SJS, and transferred to the general medical ward with an uncomplicated hospital course and complete re-epithelialization within 7 days after removal of the inciting agent. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This?: We discuss distinguishing features of bullous FDE and SJS/TEN in order to highlight this entity and aid in diagnostic accuracy and appropriate management by emergency physicians. In cases identified as classic or suspected SJS/TEN, the patient warrants aggressive resuscitation and admission to a burn unit, while cases identified as obvious bullous FDE can be managed much more conservatively. Although the clinical clues outlined here may help distinguish classic cases of FDE from SJS/TEN, it is always advisable to admit to a higher level of care or obtain an urgent dermatology consult when diagnostic uncertainty remains. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Dharamsi, Farid M.] Univ Texas Southwestern, Dept Emergency Med, Dallas, TX USA. [Michener, Michael D.] US Air Force, Elmendorf Air Force Base, Anchorage, AK USA. [Dharamsi, Jennifer Warner] Univ Texas Southwestern, Dept Dermatol, Dallas, TX USA. RP Dharamsi, JW (reprint author), Univ Texas Southwestern, Dept Dermatol, 1360 Deer Lake Dr, Frisco, TX 75034 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 EI 1090-1280 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 48 IS 5 BP 551 EP 554 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2014.09.049 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA CH4VB UT WOS:000354030200008 PM 25433836 ER PT J AU Mah, TI Keller, KA Kerans, RJ Cinibulk, MK AF Mah, Tai-Il Keller, Kristin A. Kerans, Ronald J. Cinibulk, Michael K. TI Reduced Cracking in Oxide Fiber-Reinforced Oxide Composites via Freeze- Dry Processing SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; YTTRIUM-ALUMINUM-GARNET; CASTING TECHNIQUE; SOLIDIFICATION; CHANNELS AB Porous oxide matrix composites typically develop significant numbers of matrix cracks during processing. Eliminating such cracks will lead to improved matrix-dominated properties and will also provide a significant step toward producing a dense oxide matrix composite. However, attaining a crack-free oxide matrix composite has been elusive due to the large shrinkages of the matrix in drying and sintering in the presence of the constraints to macro shrinkage imposed by fiber reinforcement, and to direct effects of drying. By utilizing a camphene based freeze-drying process combined with a nonshrinking matrix, the shrinkage cracks in an oxide fiber-reinforced composite can be essentially eliminated. This concept was validated for 2D fabric-reinforced composites. C1 [Mah, Tai-Il; Keller, Kristin A.; Kerans, Ronald J.; Cinibulk, Michael K.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mah, Tai-Il; Keller, Kristin A.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Keller, KA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kristin.keller.1.ctr@us.af.mil NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1437 EP 1443 DI 10.1111/jace.13500 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA CH2TK UT WOS:000353877300009 ER PT J AU Wang, JL Li, L Peng, RR Fu, ZP Liu, M Lu, YL AF Wang, Jianlin Li, Lin Peng, Ranran Fu, Zhengping Liu, Min Lu, Yalin TI Structural Evolution and Multiferroics in Sr-Doped Bi7Fe1.5Co1.5Ti3O21 Ceramics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MOLTEN-SALT SYNTHESIS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MAGNETOELECTRIC MEASUREMENTS; AURIVILLIUS PHASES; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; OXYGEN VACANCY; FERROELECTRICS; FERROMAGNETISM; NANOPARTICLES AB The ceramics with the composition of Sr(x)Bi(7-x)Fe(1.5)Co(1.)5 Ti3O21-delta (0 <= x <= 1, SBFCT) were prepared by a citrate-nitrate combustion method, and the phase evolution with an increasing Sr content was investigated. Pure Aurivillius phase SBFCT with a layer number of n = 6 was obtained when x <= 0.25, and then the structure collapsed to 5 layers for x = 0.50, then alternating 4 and 5 layers for x = 0.75, and finally 4 layers for x = 1.00. Meanwhile, secondary phase Sr(1-m)BimFe(1-i)Co(i)O(3-gamma) appeared when x > 0.25, which is antiferromagnetic (AFM) and with low resistivity. Enhanced ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties were observed from single phase SBFCTs at the room temperature, and the ferromagnetic transition temperature (T-c) increases with the Sr doping level x in the single phase range. The remnant magnetization (2M(r)) is 2.27 emu/g and the remnant polarization (2P(r)) is 2.89 mu C/cm(2) at an applied electric field of 100 kV/cm for the x = 0.25 sample. C1 [Wang, Jianlin; Li, Lin; Peng, Ranran; Fu, Zhengping; Liu, Min; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Peng, Ranran; Fu, Zhengping; Liu, Min; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Synerget Innovat Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum P, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Liu, M (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM liumin1106@ustc.edu.cn; yalin.lu@usafa.edu RI Peng, Ranran/F-5934-2010 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB922001]; Natural Science Foundation of China [51102224]; Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation [1408085QE84]; Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities [WK 2060140014]; AFOSR; DTRA [HDTRA12221] FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2012CB922001), the Natural Science Foundation of China (51102224), Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (1408085QE84), and the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities (WK 2060140014). Dr Lu appreciates the support from AFOSR and DTRA (HDTRA12221). NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 9 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1528 EP 1535 DI 10.1111/jace.13495 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA CH2TK UT WOS:000353877300022 ER PT J AU Tsang, L Ding, KH Li, XD Duvelle, PN Vella, JH Goldsmith, J Devlin, CLH Limberopoulos, NI AF Tsang, Leung Ding, Kung-Hau Li, Xudong Duvelle, Philippe N. Vella, Jarrett H. Goldsmith, John Devlin, Christie L. H. Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. TI Studies of the influence of deep subwavelength surface roughness on fields of plasmonic thin film based on Lippmann-Schwinger equation in the spectral domain SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCEMENT; SUPERLENSES; LENS AB In this paper, we consider a line source over a plasmonic thin film with surface roughness. Using layered medium Green's functions, we derive the Lippmann-Schwinger equation in the spectral domain with scattering potentials for the case of surface roughness over a layered medium. Because of deep subwavelength surface roughness, the scattering potentials are next approximated by the small potential approximation, so that the solutions of fields in the spectral domain can be readily computed. Numerical results are illustrated for the surface fields on the rough surface and the fields in the image plane. For periodic roughness, small periods, on the order of 0.1 lambda, and small heights, on the order of 0.01 lambda, are used. For the case of random roughness, we choose the correlation length to be much smaller than a wavelength, on the order of 0.1 lambda, and height on the order of 0.01 lambda. The results of the fields on the rough surface in the spectral domain show that subwavelength roughness creates fields with wave vector components that are many times larger than the free-space wavenumber (similar to 10k(0) or larger). In the spatial domain, the imaging is enhanced by the deep subwavelength roughness. Results of the small roughness approximation are in good agreement with that of exact potential and that of the method of moments. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Tsang, Leung; Li, Xudong] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ding, Kung-Hau; Duvelle, Philippe N.; Vella, Jarrett H.; Goldsmith, John; Devlin, Christie L. H.; Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vella, Jarrett H.; Goldsmith, John] Wyle, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Devlin, Christie L. H.] Adatom Sci, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsang, L (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. EM leungwtsang@gmail.com NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 32 IS 5 BP 878 EP 891 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.32.000878 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA CH3JD UT WOS:000353926100030 ER PT J AU Durkin, T AF Durkin, Tom TI Symbolic Interaction, Public Policy, the Really Really Other, and Human Terrain System Training SO SYMBOLIC INTERACTION LA English DT Article DE interaction; training; human terrain; social order AB I discuss the relevance of symbolic interaction to a misunderstood public policy program, the Human Terrain System. C1 [Durkin, Tom] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Durkin, T (reprint author), 1919 Bay Blve C-26 Seaside Hts, McGuire Afb, NJ 08751 USA. EM tom.durkin@gmail.com NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0195-6086 EI 1533-8665 J9 SYMB INTERACT JI Symb. Interact. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 38 IS 2 BP 298 EP 304 DI 10.1002/symb.154 PG 7 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA CH4UZ UT WOS:000354029900007 ER PT J AU Kyle, BG AF Kyle, Brent G. TI The New and Old Ignorance Puzzles: How badly do we need closure? SO SYNTHESE LA English DT Article DE Ignorance; Knowledge; Closure; Skepticism; Implicature; Abominable conjunctions; Contextualism; Ambiguity theory of knowledge; Negative strengthening; Conditional perfection ID CONTEXTUALISM; SKEPTICISM AB Skeptical puzzles and arguments often employ knowledge-closure principles (e.g. If S knows that P, and knows that P entails Q, then S knows that Q). Epistemologists widely believe that an adequate reply to the skeptic should explain why her reasoning is appealing albeit misleading; but it's unclear what would explain the appeal of the skeptic's closure principle, if not for its truth. In this paper, I aim to challenge the widespread commitment to knowledge-closure. But I proceed by first examining a new puzzle about failing to know-what I call the New Ignorance Puzzle (Sects. 1-3). This puzzle resembles to the Old Ignorance Puzzle (i.e. the closure-based skeptical puzzle), although it does not involve a closure principle. It instead centers on the standard view of ignorance, a highly intuitive principle stating that ignorance is merely a failure to know. In Sects. 2 and 3, I argue that the best way to solve the New Ignorance Puzzle is to reject the standard view of ignorance and to explain away its appeal via conversational implicature. I then use this solution to the New Ignorance Puzzle as a way of explaining why knowledge-closure principles would seem true, and why abominable conjunctions would seem abominable, even if such principles were false (Sect. 4). The upshot is a new way of explaining why the skeptic's reasoning is appealing albeit misleading. C1 US Air Force Acad, Dept Philosophy, HQ USAFA DFPY, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Kyle, BG (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Philosophy, HQ USAFA DFPY, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 1A29, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM bgk5@cornell.edu NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-7857 EI 1573-0964 J9 SYNTHESE JI Synthese PD MAY PY 2015 VL 192 IS 5 BP 1495 EP 1525 DI 10.1007/s11229-014-0642-8 PG 31 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Philosophy SC History & Philosophy of Science; Philosophy GA CH9VU UT WOS:000354385300012 ER PT J AU Prater, A Shen, LX AF Prater, Ashley Shen, Lixin TI Separation of undersampled composite signals using the Dantzig selector with overcomplete dictionaries SO IET SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL ESTIMATION; LARGER; RECOVERY; LASSO AB In many applications, one may acquire a composition of several signals that may be corrupted by noise, and it is a challenging problem to reliably separate the components from one another without sacrificing significant details. Adding to the challenge, in a compressive sensing framework, one is given only an undersampled set of linear projections of the composite signal. In this study, the authors propose using the Dantzig selector model incorporating an overcomplete dictionary to separate a noisy undersampled collection of composite signals, and present an algorithm to efficiently solve the model. The Dantzig selector is a statistical approach to finding a solution to a noisy linear regression problem by minimising the l(1) norm of candidate coefficient vectors while constraining the scope of the residuals. The Dantzig selector performs well in the recovery and separation of an unknown composite signal when the underlying coefficient vector is sparse. They propose a proximity operator-based algorithm to recover and separate unknown noisy undersampled composite signals using the Dantzig selector. They present numerical simulations comparing the proposed algorithm with the competing alternating direction method, and the proposed algorithm is found to be faster, while producing similar quality results. In addition, they demonstrate the utility of the proposed algorithm by applying it in various applications including the recovery of complex-valued coefficient vectors, the removal of impulse noise from smooth signals, and the separation and classification of a composition of handwritten digits. C1 [Prater, Ashley] Air Force Res Lab, High Performance Syst Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Shen, Lixin] Syracuse Univ, Dept Math, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Prater, A (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, High Performance Syst Branch, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM ashley.prater.3@us.af.mil FU National Research Council via the Air Force Office of Scientific Research; US National Science Foundation [DMS-1115523] FX Cleared for public release by WPAFB Public Affairs on 30 Jan 14. Case Number: 88ABW-2014-0297. This research is supported in part by an award from the National Research Council via the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and by the US National Science Foundation under grant DMS-1115523. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-9675 EI 1751-9683 J9 IET SIGNAL PROCESS JI IET Signal Process. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 9 IS 3 BP 226 EP 234 DI 10.1049/iet-spr.2014.0048 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CH4YU UT WOS:000354041200005 ER PT J AU Cobb, BR Johnson, AW Rumi, R Salmeron, A AF Cobb, Barry R. Johnson, Alan W. Rumi, Rafael Salmeron, Antonio TI Accurate lead time demand modeling and optimal inventory policies in continuous review systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Continuous review; Lead time demand; Inventory control; Mixture of polynomials; Mixtures of truncated exponentials; Uncertainty ID HYBRID BAYESIAN NETWORKS; SUPPLY CHAIN COORDINATION; REORDER POINT; COMPLICATED DISTRIBUTIONS; TRUNCATED EXPONENTIALS; NORMAL APPROXIMATION; LEARNING MIXTURES; ORDER QUANTITY; SAFETY STOCK; POLYNOMIALS AB To construct an accurate probability density function for lead time demand in inventory management models, a mixture of polynomials (MOPs) distributions is estimated using B-spline functions from empirical data on demand per unit time. This is accomplished by summarizing the empirical observations into separate datasets for each lead time value. A mixture distribution approach is then applied to model lead time demand in a continuous review inventory system. Inventoiy policies can be determined without knowledge of the underlying demand and/or lead time distributions. An improvement to a mixture distribution approach that models the lead time demand distribution with a mixture of truncated exponentials (MTEs) distribution is also presented, and the MOP and MTE techniques are compared. Both methods provide reasonable accuracy, but the MOP approach requires lower computational time to determine optimal inventory policies. The mixture distribution approach is also compared with solutions calculated using optimization through simulation and by compiling a discrete, empirical lead time demand distribution. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cobb, Barry R.] Missouri State Univ, Dept Management, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. [Johnson, Alan W.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rumi, Rafael; Salmeron, Antonio] Univ Almeria, Dept Math, La Canada De San Urbano 04120, Almeria, Spain. RP Cobb, BR (reprint author), Missouri State Univ, Dept Management, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. EM BarryCobb@MissouriState.edu; Alan.Johnson@afit.edu; rrumi@ual.es; antonio.salmeron@ual.es RI Salmeron, Antonio/K-3307-2015; Rumi, Rafael/G-2209-2016 OI Salmeron, Antonio/0000-0003-4982-8725; Rumi, Rafael/0000-0001-9189-5468 FU Office of the Secretary of Defense through the Acquisition Research Program at the Naval Postgraduate School [N00244-13-1-0014]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [TIN2013-46638-C3-1-P]; ERDF (FEDER) funds FX We thank two anonymous referees for their valuable comments and suggestions which improved the paper, and Greg Hartman for helpful comments and discussion. Support from grant N00244-13-1-0014 from the Office of the Secretary of Defense through the Acquisition Research Program at the Naval Postgraduate School is gratefully acknowledged. The views expressed in written materials or publications, and/or made by speakers, moderators, and presenters, do not necessarily reflect the official policies of the Naval Postgraduate School nor does mention of trade names, commercial practices, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This work has also been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, grant TIN2013-46638-C3-1-P and by ERDF (FEDER) funds. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5273 EI 1873-7579 J9 INT J PROD ECON JI Int. J. Prod. Econ. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 163 BP 124 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.02.017 PG 13 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA CH0UB UT WOS:000353736800010 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, A Brown, M Earley, K Hefner, K Radfar, L Lewis, D Young, S Kaufman, CE Segal, B Lessard, CJ Montgomery, C Scofield, RH Stone, D Sivils, KL AF Rasmussen, A. Brown, M. Earley, K. Hefner, K. Radfar, L. Lewis, D. Young, S. Kaufman, C. E. Segal, B. Lessard, C. J. Montgomery, C. Scofield, R. H. Stone, D. Sivils, K. L. TI Performance of the Ocular Staining Score (OSS) vs. the van Bijsterveld Score in the Assessment of Sjogren's Syndrome-Related Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th International Symposium on Sjogren's Syndrome CY MAY 19-22, 2015 CL Bergen, NORWAY C1 [Rasmussen, A.; Brown, M.; Lessard, C. J.; Montgomery, C.; Scofield, R. H.; Sivils, K. L.] Oklahoma Med Res Fdn, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Rasmussen, A.; Hefner, K.; Lessard, C. J.; Montgomery, C.; Scofield, R. H.; Sivils, K. L.] Oklahoma Sjogrens Syndrome Ctr Res Translat, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Earley, K.] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. [Radfar, L.; Lewis, D.; Young, S.; Kaufman, C. E.; Scofield, R. H.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Segal, B.] Sjogrens Genet Network, Bethesda, MD USA. [Scofield, R. H.] VA Med Ctr, Portland, VA USA. [Stone, D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Stone, D.] King Khalid Eye Specialist Hosp, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0300-9475 EI 1365-3083 J9 SCAND J IMMUNOL JI Scand. J. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 81 IS 5 MA S1.11 BP 335 EP 335 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA CG6HV UT WOS:000353401300021 ER PT J AU Hoffman, L Kennedy-Armbruster, C AF Hoffman, Lisa Kennedy-Armbruster, Carol TI CASE STUDY USING BEST PRACTICE DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR WORKSITE WELLNESS PROGRAMS SO ACSMS HEALTH & FITNESS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Worksite Wellness; Best Practices; Physical Activity; Case Study ID HEALTH C1 [Hoffman, Lisa] Indiana Univ, Hlth IU, Employee Wellness Program, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Hoffman, Lisa] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. [Kennedy-Armbruster, Carol] Indiana Univ, Dept Kinesiol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Hoffman, L (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Hlth IU, Employee Wellness Program, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1091-5397 EI 1536-593X J9 ACSMS HEALTH FIT J JI ACSMS Health Fit. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2015 VL 19 IS 3 BP 30 EP 35 DI 10.1249/FIT.0000000000000125 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA CG5OK UT WOS:000353341400007 ER PT J AU Leve, FA AF Leve, Frederick A. TI Scaled control moment gyroscope dynamics effects on performance SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article DE Control moment gyro; Analytical dynamics; Performance criteria; Scaled attitude control system; Smallsat ID SPACECRAFT; AOCS; LAW AB The majority of the literature that discusses the dynamics of control moment gyroscopes (CMG) contains formulations that are not derived from first principles and make simplifying assumptions early in the derivation, possibly neglecting important contributions. For small satellites, additional dynamics that are no longer negligible are shown to cause an increase in torque error and loss of torque amplification. The goal of the analysis presented here is to provide the reader with a complete and general analytical derivation of the equations for dynamics of a spacecraft with n-CMG and to discuss the performance degradation imposed to CMG actuators when scaling them for small satellites. The paper first derives the equations of motion from first principles for a very general case of a spacecraft with n-CMG. Each contribution of the dynamics is described with its effect on the performance of CMG and its significance on scaled CMG performance is addressed. It is shown analytically and verified numerically, that CMG do not scale properly with performance and care must be taken in their design to,trade performance, size, mass, and power when reducing their scale. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of IAA. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Leve, FA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM AFRL.RVSV@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [LRIR11RV15COR] FX The authors gratefully acknowledges the contribution from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the lab task (LRIR11RV15COR) for this research. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 EI 1879-2030 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD MAY-JUN PY 2015 VL 110 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2015.01.012 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CG8YC UT WOS:000353600600008 ER PT J AU Sinclair, AJ Sherrill, RE Lovell, TA AF Sinclair, Andrew J. Sherrill, Ryan E. Lovell, T. Alan TI Geometric interpretation of the Tschauner-Hempel solutions for satellite relative motion SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Satellite formation flying; Relative motion; Elliptic orbits ID STATE TRANSITION MATRIX; BOUNDARY-VALUE PROBLEM; NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL GRAVITY; KEPLERIAN ELLIPTIC ORBIT; RENDEZVOUS PROBLEM; PERIODIC-ORBITS; RECONFIGURATION; NAVIGATION; GUIDANCE; EQUATIONS AB The fundamental solutions of the Tschauner-Hempel equations, which describe the motion of a deputy satellite relative to a chief satellite with arbitrary eccentricity, are interpreted geometrically as generalizations of the drifting two-by-one ellipse that describes relative motion in circular orbits. General solutions are formed by taking linear combinations of these fundamental solutions. The amplitudes of these fundamental solutions are proposed as a parameterization of relative motion in elliptic orbits. A simple maneuver scheme is also developed to achieve arbitrary desired changes in the fundamental-solution amplitudes. (C) 2015 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sinclair, Andrew J.; Sherrill, Ryan E.] Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sinclair, AJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 211 Davis Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM sinclair@auburn.edu RI Sinclair, Andrew/H-2156-2013 FU American Society for Engineering Education's Summer Faculty Fellowship Program FX The authors thank the American Society for Engineering Education's Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; a portion of the research for this paper was performed under the auspices of this program. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD MAY 1 PY 2015 VL 55 IS 9 BP 2268 EP 2279 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2015.01.032 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG2AX UT WOS:000353078400009 ER PT J AU Endsley, MR AF Endsley, Mica R. TI Situation awareness: operationally necessary and scientifically grounded SO Cognition Technology & Work LA English DT Article DE Situation awareness; Human error; Theory; Cognition ID DYNAMIC-SYSTEMS; AUTOMATION; PERFORMANCE; WORKLOAD; LEVEL; TASK AB Dekker (Cogn Tech Work, doi: 10.1007/s10111-015-0320-8 , 2015) provides a stilted account of situation awareness (SA) in which it is only (or primarily) used to explain away human error. He ignores the large body of work over the past 25 years that has clearly defined SA, builds a strong foundation of cognitive theory on how it works in the brain, and provides a substantial base of scientifically grounded principles for how to improve SA through improvements in display design, automation, and training (see Endsley and Jones, Designing for situation awareness: an approach to human-centered design, 2nd edn. Taylor and Francis, London, 2012). He also ignores work on human error that delves in detail into the reasons for losses of SA in accidents and uses that knowledge to provide needed system improvements. SA is widely recognized by operators and practitioners across aviation, power systems, emergency management, military, medical, and many other domains as being critical to effective decision making and performance. It is incumbent on the human factors profession to respond to this need with improved systems and approaches for enhancing SA in the difficult and complex worlds where it is so essential. C1 US Air Force, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Endsley, MR (reprint author), US Air Force, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM mica.r.endsley-jones.civ@mail.mil NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 46 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1435-5558 EI 1435-5566 J9 COGN TECHNOL WORK JI Cogn. Technol. Work PD MAY PY 2015 VL 17 IS 2 BP 163 EP 167 DI 10.1007/s10111-015-0323-5 PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA CG7ER UT WOS:000353465700003 ER PT J AU Chabak, KD Miao, X Zhang, C Walker, DE Mohseni, PK Li, XL AF Chabak, Kelson D. Miao, Xin Zhang, Chen Walker, Dennis E., Jr. Mohseni, Parsian K. Li, Xiuling TI RF Performance of Planar III-V Nanowire-Array Transistors Grown by Vapor-Liquid-Solid Epitaxy SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nanowire; parallel-array; radio frequency; transistor; small-signal model; vapor-liquid-solid ID MOSFETS; CHANNEL AB The radio frequency (RF) performance of a III-V transistor comprised of nanowire (NW) high-electron mobility channels, grown by planar vapor-liquid-solid epitaxy in parallel arrays, is examined. An equivalent small-signal circuit model was used to study the contributing extrinsic and intrinsic passive elements on the NW performance as a function of bias and gate length (L-G). Adequate intrinsic gain (g(m)/g(ds)) similar to 25 with low intrinsic (R-i) and terminal resistances (R-G, R-S, R-D) lead to an f(T)/f(max) similar to 30/78 GHz for L-G = 150 nm and NW diameter similar to 160 nm. The gate capacitance (C-g) is extracted and similar to 2/3 of the total C-g is parasitic, which can be reduced with denser NW arrays. Excellent agreement between measured and modeled RF performance is achieved. C1 [Chabak, Kelson D.; Miao, Xin; Zhang, Chen; Mohseni, Parsian K.; Li, Xiuling] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Chabak, Kelson D.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Walker, Dennis E., Jr.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chabak, KD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM kelson.chabak.1@us.af.mil; xiuling@illinois.edu RI Miao, Xin/C-2332-2017; OI Zhang, Chen/0000-0001-8222-4566 FU Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems through the National Science Foundation [1001928]; Division of Materials Research [1006581]; Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA FX This work was supported in part by the Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems through the National Science Foundation under Award 1001928 (KDC, XM and XL), in part by the Division of Materials Research under Award 1006581 (CZ, PKM, and XL), and in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA. The review of this letter was arranged by Editor L. Selmi. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 EI 1558-0563 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 36 IS 5 BP 445 EP 447 DI 10.1109/LED.2015.2416978 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CG8NZ UT WOS:000353566300008 ER PT J AU Kabban, CMS Greenwell, BM DeSimio, MP Derriso, MM AF Kabban, Christine M. Schubert Greenwell, Brandon M. DeSimio, Martin P. Derriso, Mark M. TI The probability of detection for structural health monitoring systems: Repeated measures data SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Probability of detection; structural health monitoring system; nondestructive evaluation inspection; aircraft; damage detection; statistical method AB The United States Air Force currently relies on schedule-based inspections using nondestructive evaluation methods for ensuring airframe integrity. The sensitivity of a nondestructive evaluation method is quantified statistically using a probability of detection process. The purpose of the probability of detection process is to generate a(90 vertical bar 95) metric for a given nondestructive evaluation technique and corresponding defect (e.g. crack). This process could be conducted under various inspection conditions and defect sizes. The set of factors varied in the process is controlled to allow each nondestructive evaluation inspection to be treated as statistically independent. Current United States Air Force structural inspections are performed at time intervals that adhere to the independence assumption. However, the United States Air Force plans to service airframes based on their actual condition instead of the current schedule-based approach. Accordingly, there is emphasis on developing advanced health management technologies, such as structural health monitoring systems, which provide an automated and real-time assessment of a structure's ability to serve its intended purpose. Therefore, structural health monitoring is considered to be equivalent to an in situ nondestructive evaluation structural inspection device. With a structural health monitoring system, the time interval between inspections will be much smaller than the time intervals between nondestructive evaluation inspections. Since structural health monitoring measurements are from the same sensors, in the same location, the independent measurement assumption used to analyze nondestructive evaluation methods is invalid. In this article, we present a statistical method consistent with current probability of detection process, yet designed to appropriately analyze dependent data. We demonstrate this method first with simulated data and then with experimental data from three test specimens of a representative aircraft structural component. This method leverages the advantages of a structural health monitoring system through its frequent measurements while maintaining its usefulness through appropriately computed probability of detection values. Furthermore, we present a numerical method for estimating the number of test specimens needed to achieve a desired a 90 | 95 value. C1 [Kabban, Christine M. Schubert; Greenwell, Brandon M.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [DeSimio, Martin P.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Derriso, Mark M.] Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Kabban, CMS (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christine.schubertkabban@afit.edu FU AFOSR/RTA [F1ATA03039J001]; [FA8650-11-D-3134] FX The work of the AFIT authors was supported by the AFOSR/RTA (grant F1ATA03039J001). The work of the UDRI author was performed under Contract No. FA8650-11-D-3134. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1475-9217 EI 1741-3168 J9 STRUCT HEALTH MONIT JI Struct. Health Monit. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 14 IS 3 BP 252 EP 264 DI 10.1177/1475921714566530 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CG3WM UT WOS:000353210300006 ER PT J AU Ilin, K Yagotintsev, KA Zhou, C Gao, P Kosse, J Otten, SJ Wessel, WAJ Haugan, TJ van der Laan, DC Nijhuis, A AF Ilin, K. Yagotintsev, K. A. Zhou, C. Gao, P. Kosse, J. Otten, S. J. Wessel, W. A. J. Haugan, T. J. van der Laan, D. C. Nijhuis, A. TI Experiments and FE modeling of stress-strain state in ReBCO tape under tensile, torsional and transverse load SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Numerical Modelling of High Temperature Superconductors (HTSs)3 CY MAY 11-14, 2014 CL ELU, Bratislava, SLOVAKIA SP HTS Modelling Work Grp, Eurotopes, SuperPower HO ELU DE HTS; superconductivity; coated conductor; finite element method; numerical simulation; mechanical load ID COATED CONDUCTORS AB For high current superconductors in high magnet fields with currents in the order of 50 kA, single ReBCO coated conductors must be assembled in a cable. The geometry of such a cable is mostly such that combined torsion, axial and transverse loading states are anticipated in the tapes and tape joints. The resulting strain distribution, caused by different thermal contraction and electromagnetic forces, will affect the critical current of the tapes. Tape performance when subjected to torsion, tensile and transverse loading is the key to understanding limitations for the composite cable performance. The individual tape material components can be deformed, not only elastically but also plastically under these loads. A set of experimental setups, as well as a convenient and accurate method of stress-strain state modeling based on the finite element method have been developed. Systematic measurements on single ReBCO tapes are carried out combining axial tension and torsion as well as transverse loading. Then the behavior of a single tape subjected to the various applied loads is simulated in the model. This paper presents the results of experimental tests and detailed FE modeling of the 3D stress-strain state in a single ReBCO tape under different loads, taking into account the temperature dependence and the elastic-plastic properties of the tape materials, starting from the initial tape processing conditions during its manufacture up to magnet operating conditions. Furthermore a comparison of the simulations with experiments is presented with special attention for the critical force, the threshold where the tape performance becomes irreversibly degraded. We verified the influence of tape surface profile non-uniformity and copper stabilizer thickness on the critical force. The FE models appear to describe the tape experiments adequately and can thus be used as a solid basis for optimization of various cabling concepts. C1 [Ilin, K.; Yagotintsev, K. A.; Zhou, C.; Gao, P.; Kosse, J.; Otten, S. J.; Wessel, W. A. J.; Nijhuis, A.] Univ Twente, Fac Sci & Technol, NL-7522 NB Enschede, Netherlands. [Haugan, T. J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [van der Laan, D. C.] Adv Conductor Technol, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [van der Laan, D. C.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RI van der Laan, Danko/L-5098-2016 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 25 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 28 IS 5 AR 055006 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/28/5/055006 PG 17 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CG1EK UT WOS:000353015700012 ER PT J AU Novotny, SJ To, D AF Novotny, Steven J. To, Dominic TI Characterization of a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector through Monte Carlo simulation and nonlinear least squares estimation SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE High-purity germanium detector; Monte Carlo simulation; Nonlinear least squares estimation ID EFFICIENCY CALCULATIONS AB In this paper, we describe a method for determining the full-energy peak efficiency of a high-purity germanium detector using Monte Carlo MCNP simulation with the detector model refined through nonlinear least-squares optimization using experimental measurements. The approach allows for an accurate determination of efficiency curves in the absence of an accurate characterization of the detector by the manufacturer, usually a prerequisite for reliable Monte Carlo simulations. C1 [Novotny, Steven J.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [To, Dominic] OLGT AFTAC, Colorado Springs, CO 80914 USA. [To, Dominic] CMAFS, Colorado Springs, CO 80914 USA. RP Novotny, SJ (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM steven.novotny@usafa.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 304 IS 2 BP 751 EP 761 DI 10.1007/s10967-014-3902-7 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CE5FX UT WOS:000351857600034 ER PT J AU Chang, JS Yang, JW Lee, DJ Hallenbeck, PC AF Chang, Jo-Shu Yang, Ji-Won Lee, Duu-Jong Hallenbeck, Patrick C. TI Untitled SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Chang, Jo-Shu] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tainan 70100, Taiwan. [Yang, Ji-Won] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Lee, Duu-Jong] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Hallenbeck, Patrick C.] Univ Montreal, Dept Microbiol Infectiol & Immunol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Hallenbeck, Patrick C.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Biol, Life Sci Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Chang, JS (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 1 Univ Rd, Tainan 70100, Taiwan. EM changjs@mail.ncku.edu.tw; jwyang@kaist.ac.kr; djlee@ntu.edu.tw; patrick.hallenbeck@umontreal.ca NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 184 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.027 PG 1 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA CD5CS UT WOS:000351106100001 PM 25795615 ER PT J AU Hallenbeck, PC Grogger, M Mraz, M Veverka, D AF Hallenbeck, Patrick C. Grogger, Melanie Mraz, Megan Veverka, Donald TI Building a better Mousetrap I: Using Design of Experiments with unconfounded ions to discover superior media for growth and lipid production by Chlorella sp EN1234 SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biofuels; Algae; Medium optimization; Lipid production; Unconfounded ion matrix ID ALGAL BIOFUELS; SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; NITROGEN LIMITATION; MICROALGAE; VULGARIS; ACCUMULATION; TEMPERATURE; METABOLISM; CHALLENGES AB An unconfounded Scheffe Mix approach was used to probe important ions and their interactions in supporting biomass and lipid production by Chlorella sp. EN1234. Six major cations and anions; NH4+, NO3-, Na+, K+ PO4 and Cl- were examined. Piepel plots and RSM analysis showed that in a number of cases, the major media anions PO4- and Cl- negatively influence final cell densities, and that maximal cell density is obtained with nitrate over ammonium, with an optimal effect when mixed with equal molar potassium. As well, although it is commonly assumed that lipid content increases in nitrogen deficient media, here little correlation between nitrogen content and total lipid content was found with mixtures that supported high lipid productivity. Thus these mixtures define the composition space within which further R&D might produce the best trade-off between total biomass production and high cellular lipid content. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hallenbeck, Patrick C.; Grogger, Melanie; Mraz, Megan; Veverka, Donald] US Air Force Acad, Life Sci Res Ctr, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hallenbeck, PC (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Life Sci Res Ctr, Dept Biol, 2355 Fac Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Patrick.hallenbeck@umontreal.ca FU National Research Council Research Senior Research Associateship Award at the Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy FX The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the US Government. PCH is on sabbatical leave from the Departement de microbiologie, infectiologie, et immunologie, Universite de Montreal, CP 6128, Centre-ville, Montreal. PQ H3C 3J7 Canada. We thank Dr. T.J. Evens for initial discussions at the beginning of this project and for his help in experimental design, Dr. Juergen Polle for providing strain EN 1234 and Dr. Simina Vintila for technical assistance (making the 210 solutions). PCH holds a National Research Council Research Senior Research Associateship Award at the Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 184 BP 82 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.144 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA CD5CS UT WOS:000351106100012 PM 25465787 ER PT J AU Hallenbeck, PC Grogger, M Mraz, M Veverka, D AF Hallenbeck, Patrick C. Grogger, Melanie Mraz, Megan Veverka, Donald TI Building a better mousetrap II: Using Design of Experiments with unconfounded ions to compare the growth of different microalgae SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biofuels; Algae; Medium optimization unconfounded ions; Scheffe Mix Model; Response surface methodology ID RESPONSE-SURFACE METHODOLOGY; CHLORELLA-VULGARIS; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; ALGAL BIOFUELS; SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION; NITROGEN LIMITATION; LIPID PRODUCTIVITY; SCENEDESMUS SP; TEMPERATURE; CHALLENGES AB A large number of unconfounded media variations were used with a Scheffe Mix Model to examine in an unambiguous fashion the effects of variations in six important ions; NH4+, NO3-, Na+, K+, PO4-, and Cl-, on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris. This allows several novel observations on media components, for example, the inhibitory effects of chloride, to be made. Using a side by side comparison, it is shown that two strains of Chlorella show significant physiological and functional differences brought out by this approach. Testing selected formulations with a diverse set of algae demonstrated different effects on both growth and cellular lipid content, in some cases driving significant lipid production. This suggests that future work using a larger portion of media composition space could lead to the development of novel media supporting maximal biomass production and lipid production. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hallenbeck, Patrick C.; Grogger, Melanie; Mraz, Megan; Veverka, Donald] US Air Force Acad, Life Sci Res Ctr, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hallenbeck, PC (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Life Sci Res Ctr, Dept Biol, 2355 Fac Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Patrick.hallenbeck@umontreal.ca FU National Research Council Research Senior Research Associateship Award at the Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy FX The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the US Government. We thank Dr. T.J. Evens (USDA-Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, FL) for initial discussions at the beginning of this project and for his help in experimental design, Dr. Juergen Polle (Brooklyn College - CUNY, Brooklyn, NY) for providing strain EN 1234 and Dr. Simina Vintila (USAF Academy, Department of Biology, Colorado Springs, CO) for technical assistance (making the 210 solutions). PCH is on sabbatical leave from the Departement de microbiologie, infectiologie, et immunologie, Universite de Montreal, CP 6128, Centre-ville, Montreal. PQ H3C 3J7 Canada and holds a National Research Council Research Senior Research Associateship Award at the Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 184 BP 90 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.006 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA CD5CS UT WOS:000351106100013 PM 25465789 ER PT J AU Hallenbeck, PC Grogger, M Mraz, M Veverka, D AF Hallenbeck, Patrick C. Grogger, Melanie Mraz, Megan Veverka, Donald TI The use of Design of Experiments and Response Surface Methodology to optimize biomass and lipid production by the oleaginous marine green alga, Nannochloropsis gaditana in response to light intensity, inoculum size and CO2 SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biofuels; Algae; Lipid production; Medium optimization; Response Surface Methodology ID BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; NITROGEN STARVATION; FATTY-ACID; SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION; OCULATA; GROWTH; ACCUMULATION; CHALLENGES; BIOFUELS; PHOTOBIOREACTORS AB Biodiesel produced from microalgal lipids is being considered as a potential source of renewable energy. However, a number of hurdles will have to be overcome if such a process is to become practical. One important factor is the volumetric production of biomass and lipid that can be achieved. The marine alga Nannochloropsis gaditana is under study since it is known to be highly oleaginous and has a number of other attractive properties. Factors that might be important in biomass and lipid production by this alga are light intensity, inoculum size and CO2. Here we have carried out for the first time a RSM-DOE study of the influence of these important culture variables and define conditions that maximize biomass production, lipid content (BODIPY (R) fluorescence) and total lipid production. Moreover, flow cytometry allowed the examination on a cellular level of changes that occur in cellular populations as they age and accumulate lipids. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hallenbeck, Patrick C.; Grogger, Melanie; Mraz, Megan; Veverka, Donald] US Air Force Acad, Life Sci Res Ctr, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hallenbeck, PC (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Life Sci Res Ctr, Dept Biol, 2355 Fac Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM patrick.hallenbeck.ctr@usafa.edu FU Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines [11-208-AFA-01]; National Research Council Senior Research Associateship Award at the Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, the United States Air Force Academy FX Dr. Matt Posewitz, Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, is thanked for advice and for providing cultures of Nannochloropsis gaditana CCMP526 under cooperative research agreement 11-208-AFA-01. P.C.H. holds a National Research Council Senior Research Associateship Award at the Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, the United States Air Force Academy. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 8 U2 68 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 184 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.022 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA CD5CS UT WOS:000351106100022 PM 25304731 ER PT J AU Mall, S Perel, VY AF Mall, S. Perel, V. Y. TI Crack growth behavior under biaxial fatigue with phase difference SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE Biaxial fatigue; Phase difference; Crack growth rate; Strain energy release rate; Aluminum alloy ID TENSION-TENSION FATIGUE; STRESS-FIELDS; PROPAGATION; 7075-T6 AB Crack growth behavior of aluminum alloy 7075-T6 was characterized under in-plane biaxial tension-tension fatigue with phase differences of 90 degrees or 180 degrees between the two applied orthogonal cyclic loads. The initial single crack, created under the biaxial fatigue without any phase difference, splits into two symmetric cracks under the biaxial fatigue with the phase difference. The split cracks grow without any further branching. Directions of split cracks deviate sharply from the direction of the initial single crack. Under both phase differences of 90 degrees and 180 degrees, lengths of both split cracks are almost the same at a certain number of cycle. Strain energy release rate versus crack growth rate relationships of the split cracks are almost equal to each other. Further, sum of strain energy release rates at a given crack growth rate of both split cracks is equal to that of a single crack under the biaxial fatigue without phase difference. Analytical and finite element analyses are presented to explain the splitting of a crack due to the phase difference between the applied biaxial cyclic loads. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mall, S.; Perel, V. Y.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu FU Office of Corrosion Policy and Oversight, OSD, Washington, DC FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Office of Corrosion Policy and Oversight, OSD, Washington, DC (Mr. Richard A. Hays). NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 EI 1879-3452 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD MAY PY 2015 VL 74 BP 166 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2015.01.005 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA CC1BG UT WOS:000350075600018 ER PT J AU Eldar, YC Sidorenko, P Mixon, DG Barel, S Cohen, O AF Eldar, Yonina C. Sidorenko, Pavel Mixon, Dustin G. Barel, Shaby Cohen, Oren TI Sparse Phase Retrieval from Short-Time Fourier Measurements SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE GESPAR; phase retrieval; short-time Fourier transform; sparsity ID OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHMS; TRANSFORM AB We consider the classical 1D phase retrieval problem. In order to overcome the difficulties associated with phase retrieval from measurements of the Fourier magnitude, we treat recovery from the magnitude of the short-time Fourier transform (STFT). We first show that the redundancy offered by the STFT enables unique recovery for arbitrary nonvanishing inputs, under mild conditions. An efficient algorithm for recovery of a sparse input from the STFT magnitude is then suggested, based on an adaptation of the recently proposed GESPAR algorithm. We demonstrate through simulations that using the STFT leads to improved performance over recovery from the oversampled Fourier magnitude with the same number of measurements. C1 [Eldar, Yonina C.; Barel, Shaby] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Sidorenko, Pavel; Cohen, Oren] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Sidorenko, Pavel; Cohen, Oren] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Inst Solid State, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Mixon, Dustin G.] US Air Force, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eldar, YC (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. FU SRC; Intel Collaborative Research Institute for Computational Intelligence; NSF [DMS-1321779]; ICore - The Israeli Excellence Center "circle of light" FX The work of Y. E. Eldar was supported by the SRC and by the Intel Collaborative Research Institute for Computational Intelligence. The work of D. G. Mixon was supported by NSF Grant DMS-1321779. This work was also supported by ICore - The Israeli Excellence Center "circle of light". The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Rodrigo C. de Lamare. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1070-9908 EI 1558-2361 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC LET JI IEEE Signal Process. Lett. PD MAY PY 2015 VL 22 IS 5 BP 638 EP 642 DI 10.1109/LSP.2014.2364225 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AT7AP UT WOS:000345088600004 ER PT J AU Fernando, KAS Sahu, S Liu, YM Lewis, WK Guliants, EA Jafariyan, A Wang, P Bunker, CE Sun, YP AF Fernando, K. A. Shiral Sahu, Sushant Liu, Yamin Lewis, William K. Guliants, Elena A. Jafariyan, Anairhossein Wang, Ping Bunker, Christopher E. Sun, Ya-Ping TI Carbon Quantum Dots and Applications in Photocatalytic Energy Conversion SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Review DE quantum dots; carbon dots; graphene quantum dots; photocatalysts; CO2 photoreduction; water-splitting ID GRAPHENE OXIDE NANOCOMPOSITES; SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; VISIBLE-LIGHT; HYDROGEN GENERATION; CO2 REDUCTION; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; NANOROD HETEROSTRUCTURES; HYBRID PHOTOCATALYST; HYDROCARBON FUELS; CHARGE-TRANSFER AB Quantum dots (QDs) generally refer to nanoscale particles of conventional semiconductors that are subject to the quantum-confinement effect, though other nanomaterials of similar optical and redox properties are also named as QDs even in the absence of strictly,defined quantum confinement. Among such nanomaterials that have attracted tremendous recent interest are carbon dots, which ate small carbon nanoparticles with some form of surface passivation, and graphene quantum dots in various configurations. In this article, we highlight these carbon-based QDs by focusing on their syntheses, on their photoexcited state properties and redox processes, and on their applications as photocatalysts in visible-light carbon dioxide reduction and in water-splitting, as well as on their mechanistic similarities and differences. C1 [Fernando, K. A. Shiral; Sahu, Sushant] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Energy Technol & Mat Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Sahu, Sushant; Liu, Yamin; Jafariyan, Anairhossein; Wang, Ping] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Sahu, Sushant; Liu, Yamin; Jafariyan, Anairhossein; Wang, Ping] Clemson Univ, Lab Emerging Mat & Technol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Lewis, William K.; Bunker, Christopher E.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bunker, CE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.bunker@us.af.mil; syaping@clemson.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory; National Science Foundation FX We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through the support of Dr. Michael Berman (C.E.B.), the Air Force Research Laboratory (C.E.B.), and the National Science Foundation (Y.-P.S.). NR 117 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 109 U2 615 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD APR 29 PY 2015 VL 7 IS 16 BP 8363 EP 8376 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b00448 PG 14 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CH3LD UT WOS:000353931300002 PM 25845394 ER PT J AU Larson, MA Nalbantoglu, U Sayood, K Zentz, EB Bartling, AM Francesconi, SC Fey, PD Dempsey, MP Hinrichs, SH AF Larson, Marilynn A. Nalbantoglu, Ufuk Sayood, Khalid Zentz, Emily B. Bartling, Amanda M. Francesconi, Stephen C. Fey, Paul D. Dempsey, Michael P. Hinrichs, Steven H. TI Francisella tularensis Subtype A.II Genomic Plasticity in Comparison with Subtype A.I SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID VI SECRETION SYSTEM; BACTERIAL GENOMES; PATHOGENICITY ISLAND; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; SUBSPECIES TULARENSIS; INVERTED REPEATS; SCHU S4; SEQUENCE; GENES; IDENTIFICATION AB Although Francisella tularensis is considered a monomorphic intracellular pathogen, molecular genotyping and virulence studies have demonstrated important differences within the tularensis subspecies (type A). To evaluate genetic variation within type A strains, sequencing and assembly of a new subtype A.II genome was achieved for comparison to other completed F. tularensis type A genomes. In contrast with the F. tularensis A.I strains (SCHU S4, FSC198, NE061598, and TI0902), substantial genomic variation was observed between the newly sequenced F. tularensis A.II strain (WY-00W4114) and the only other publically available A.II strain (WY96-3418). Genome differences between WY-00W4114 and WY96-3418 included three major chromosomal translocations, 1580 indels, and 286 nucleotide substitutions of which 159 were observed in predicted open reading frames and 127 were located in intergenic regions. The majority of WY-00W4114 nucleotide deletions occurred in intergenic regions, whereas most of the insertions and substitutions occurred in predicted genes. Of the nucleotide substitutions, 48 (30%) were synonymous and 111 (70%) were nonsynonymous. WY-00W4114 and WY96-3418 nucleotide polymorphisms were predominantly G/C to A/T allelic mutations, with WY-00W4114 having more A+T enrichment. In addition, the A.II genomes contained a considerably higher number of intact genes and longer repetitive sequences, including transposon remnants than the A.I genomes. Together these findings support the premise that F. tularensis A.II may have a fitness advantage compared to the A.I subtype due to the higher abundance of functional genes and repeated chromosomal sequences. A better understanding of the selective forces driving F. tularensis genetic diversity and plasticity is needed. C1 [Larson, Marilynn A.; Bartling, Amanda M.; Fey, Paul D.; Hinrichs, Steven H.] Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. [Nalbantoglu, Ufuk; Sayood, Khalid] Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Zentz, Emily B.] OpGen Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Francesconi, Stephen C.] Naval Med Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Dempsey, Michael P.] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Larson, MA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. EM malarson@unmc.edu OI Larson, Marilynn/0000-0002-0633-0313 FU U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command [W9113M-07-1-0004]; OpGen, Inc. FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command, 64 Thomas Johnson Drive, Frederick, MD 21702 (W9113M-07-1-0004) to the University of Nebraska Medical Center (SHH). There were no additional funding sources for this project. This funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. OpGen, Inc. provided support in the form of salaries for author EBZ, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific role of this author is articulated in the 'author contributions' section. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 28 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 4 AR e0124906 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0124906 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CG9SE UT WOS:000353659400064 ER PT J AU Glavin, NR Muratore, C Jespersen, ML Hu, JJ Fisher, TS Voevodin, AA AF Glavin, Nicholas R. Muratore, Christopher Jespersen, Michael L. Hu, Jianjun Fisher, Timothy S. Voevodin, Andrey A. TI Temporally and spatially resolved plasma spectroscopy in pulsed laser deposition of ultra-thin boron nitride films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ABLATION AB Physical vapor deposition (PVD) has recently been investigated as a viable, alternative growth technique for two-dimensional materials with multiple benefits over other vapor deposition synthesis methods. The high kinetic energies and chemical reactivities of the condensing species formed from PVD processes can facilitate growth over large areas and at reduced substrate temperatures. In this study, chemistry, kinetic energies, time of flight data, and spatial distributions within a PVD plasma plume ablated from a boron nitride (BN) target by a KrF laser at different pressures of nitrogen gas were investigated. Time resolved spectroscopy and wavelength specific imaging were used to identify and track atomic neutral and ionized species including B+, B*, N+, N*, and molecular species including N-2*, N-2(+), and BN. Formation and decay of these species formed both from ablation of the target and from interactions with the background gas were investigated and provided insights into fundamental growth mechanisms of continuous, amorphous boron nitride thin films. The correlation of the plasma diagnostic results with film chemical composition and thickness uniformity studies helped to identify that a predominant mechanism for BN film formation is condensation surface recombination of boron ions and neutral atomic nitrogen species. These species arrive nearly simultaneously to the substrate location, and BN formation occurs microseconds before arrival of majority of N+ ions generated by plume collisions with background molecular nitrogen. The energetic nature and extended dwelling time of incident N+ ions at the substrate location was found to negatively impact resulting BN film stoichiometry and thickness. Growth of stoichiometric films was optimized at enriched concentrations of ionized boron and neutral atomic nitrogen in plasma near the condensation surface, providing few nanometer thick films with 1:1 BN stoichiometry and good thicknesses uniformity over macroscopic areas. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Glavin, Nicholas R.; Muratore, Christopher; Jespersen, Michael L.; Hu, Jianjun; Voevodin, Andrey A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Glavin, Nicholas R.; Fisher, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Glavin, Nicholas R.; Fisher, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Muratore, Christopher] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. [Jespersen, Michael L.; Hu, Jianjun] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. RP Glavin, NR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nicholas.glavin.1@us.af.mil; andrey.voevodin@us.af.mil RI Fisher, Timothy/D-8517-2011 OI Fisher, Timothy/0000-0002-8909-313X FU U.S. National Science Foundation; Air Force Office of Scientific Research Aerospace Materials for Extreme Environments Program [14RX13COR] FX The authors would like to thank the support of Arthur Safriet and John Bultman of University of Dayton Research Institute, and Rachel Naguy of SOCHE Laboratories. TSF thanks support by the U.S. National Science Foundation through its Scalable Nanomanufacturing program. Financial support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Aerospace Materials for Extreme Environments Program (14RX13COR) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 28 PY 2015 VL 117 IS 16 AR 165305 DI 10.1063/1.4919068 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CH2CC UT WOS:000353831100068 ER PT J AU Savich, GR Sidor, DE Du, X Morath, CP Cowan, VM Wicks, GW AF Savich, G. R. Sidor, D. E. Du, X. Morath, C. P. Cowan, V. M. Wicks, G. W. TI Diffusion current characteristics of defect-limited nBn mid-wave infrared detectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Mid-wave infrared, nBn detectors remain limited by diffusion current generated in the absorber region even when defect concentrations are elevated. In contrast, defect-limited conventional pn-junction based photodiodes are subject to Shockley-Read-Hall generation in the depletion region and subsequent carrier drift. Ideal nBn-architecture devices would be limited by Auger 1 generation; however, typical nBn detectors exhibit defect-dominated performance associated with Shockley-Read-Hall generation in the quasi-neutral absorbing region. Reverse saturation current density characteristics for defect-limited devices depend on the minority carrier diffusion length, absorbing layer thickness, and the dominant minority carrier generation mechanism. Unlike pn-based photodiodes, changes in nBn dark current due to elevated defect concentrations do not manifest at small biases, thus, the zero bias resistance area product, RoA, is not a useful parameter for characterizing nBn-architecture photodetector performance. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Savich, G. R.; Sidor, D. E.; Du, X.; Wicks, G. W.] Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Morath, C. P.; Cowan, V. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wicks, GW (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, 275 Hutchison Rd, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM wicks@optics.rochester.edu FU Army Research Office; Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate FX This work was supported by the Army Research Office (W. Clark) and the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 27 PY 2015 VL 106 IS 17 AR 173505 DI 10.1063/1.4919450 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CH2ES UT WOS:000353839100061 ER PT J AU Makri, E Kottos, T Vitebskiy, I AF Makri, Eleana Kottos, Tsampikos Vitebskiy, Ilya TI Reflective optical limiter based on resonant transmission SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR ABSORPTION; SEMICONDUCTORS; REFRACTION; SILICON AB Optical limiters transmit low-level radiation while blocking electromagnetic pulses with excessively high energy (energy limiters) or with excessively high peak intensity (power limiters). A typical optical limiter absorbs most of the high-level radiation, which can cause its overheating and destruction. Here we introduce the concept of a reflective energy limiter which blocks electromagnetic pulses with excessively high total energy by reflecting them back to space, rather than absorbing them. The idea is to use a defect layer with temperature-dependent loss tangent embedded in a low-loss photonic structure. The low-energy pulses with central frequency close to that of the localized defect mode will pass through. But if the cumulative energy carried by the pulse exceeds certain level, the entire photonic structure becomes highly reflective (not absorptive) within a broad frequency range. The underlying physical mechanism is based on self-regulated impedance mismatch which increases dramatically with the cumulative energy carried by the pulse. C1 [Makri, Eleana; Kottos, Tsampikos] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Vitebskiy, Ilya] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Makri, E (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. FU Electromagnetics Portfolio of Dr. Arje Nachman via the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [LRIR09RY04COR]; AFOSR MURI Grant [FA9550-14-1-0037] FX This work is sponsored by the Electromagnetics Portfolio of Dr. Arje Nachman via the Air Force Office of Scientific Research No. LRIR09RY04COR and by AFOSR MURI Grant No. FA9550-14-1-0037. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 27 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 4 AR 043838 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.91.043838 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CG7BG UT WOS:000353456500012 ER PT J AU Gentz, G Thelen, B Gholarnisheeri, M Litke, P Brown, A Hoke, J Toulson, E AF Gentz, Gerald Thelen, Bryce Gholarnisheeri, Masumeh Litke, Paul Brown, Adam Hoke, John Toulson, Elisa TI A study of the influence of orifice diameter on a turbulent jet ignition system through combustion visualization and performance characterization in a rapid compression machine SO APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Turbulent jet ignition; Combustion visualization; Ignition enhancement ID SPARK-IGNITION; GAS; COGENERATION; CAMELINA; ENGINE; JP-8 AB Turbulent Jet Ignition is a prechamber initiated combustion system that can replace the spark plug in a standard spark ignition engine. The nozzle orifice is critical in a turbulent jet ignition system as it determines the shape and structure of the jet which acts as a distributed ignition source. In this paper, the effect of nozzle diameter and number was studied by performing combustion visualization and characterization for combustion of a premixed propane/air mixture initiated by a turbulent jet ignition system in a Rapid Compression Machine. Color images of the jet ignition process and visualization of the emission of the chemiluminesence of OH* and CH* radicals were performed. Several nozzle configurations were tested which expanded on the limited experimental results that were available in the literature. The performance of the turbulent jet ignition system based on the nozzle orifice diameter was characterized by considering the 0-10% and 10-90% burn durations of the pressure rise due to combustion. In general it was found that for near stoichiometric air to fuel ratios, a nozzle that produced more spatially distributed jets would result in faster combustion progression. However, at leaner conditions a smaller diameter nozzle that produced a faster and more vigorous jet was required to initiate combustion. The Reynolds number of the discharging jet for the single orifice cases was calculated and it was found that increasing the nozzle diameter increased the Reynolds number, and thus the turbulence for lambda = 1. The Reynolds number was not found to be sensitive to orifice diameter at the leaner condition of lambda = 1.25. Further characterization of the jet development leads to the conclusion that the jet was considered to be in the intermediate flow field; where the transient jet does not have enough time to become fully developed before it reaches the combustion chamber wall. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gentz, Gerald; Thelen, Bryce; Gholarnisheeri, Masumeh; Toulson, Elisa] Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Litke, Paul] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Brown, Adam; Hoke, John] Innovat Sci Solut Inc ISSI, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. RP Toulson, E (reprint author), 1497 Engn Res CT, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM toulson@msu.edu FU US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Innovative Scientific Solutions Incorporated (ISSI) by Michigan State University [SB07410] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and Innovative Scientific Solutions Incorporated (ISSI) by Michigan State University under subcontract SB07410. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-4311 J9 APPL THERM ENG JI Appl. Therm. Eng. PD APR 25 PY 2015 VL 81 BP 399 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.02.026 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mechanics GA CH0RH UT WOS:000353729600041 ER PT J AU Konkova, T Mironov, S Korznikov, A Korznikova, G Myshlyaev, MM Semiatin, SL AF Konkova, T. Mironov, S. Korznikov, A. Korznikova, G. Myshlyaev, M. M. Semiatin, S. L. TI Grain structure evolution during cryogenic rolling of alpha brass SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Nanostructured materials; Nanofabrication; Grain boundaries; Microstructure; Scanning electron microscopy ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; CU-ZN; COPPER; MICROSTRUCTURE; NANOSTRUCTURE; TEMPERATURES; TITANIUM; ALLOYS AB High-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to study grain structure development during cryogenic rolling of Cu-29.5Zn brass. Microstructure evolution was found to be broadly similar to that occurring during rolling at room temperature. Specifically, favorably-oriented grains (Copper {112} < 111 > and S {123} < 634 > experienced profuse deformation twinning followed by extensive shear banding. This eventually produced an ultrafine structure with a mean grain size of similar to 0.2 mu m. On the other hand, grains with crystallographic orientations close to Brass {110} < 112 > and Goss {110} < 100 > were found to be stable against twinning/shear banding and thus showed no significant grain refinement. As a result, the final structure developed in heavily-rolled material was distinctly inhomogeneous consisting of mm-scale remnants of original grains with poorly developed substructure and ultra-fine grain domains. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Konkova, T.; Korznikov, A.; Korznikova, G.] Rssian Acad Sci, Inst Met Superplast Problems, Ufa 450001, Russia. [Mironov, S.] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Proc, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Korznikov, A.] Natl Res Tomsk State Univ, Tomsk 634050, Russia. [Myshlyaev, M. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Baikov Inst Met & Mat Sci, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Semiatin, S. L.] AFRL RXCM, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mironov, S (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Proc, 6-6-02 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. RI Korznikov, Alexander/F-1473-2014; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU Russian Fund of Fundamental Research [14-02-97004] FX Financial support from the Russian Fund of Fundamental Research (project No. 14-02-97004) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are grateful to P. Klassman for technical assistance during cryogenic rolling. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 EI 1873-4669 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD APR 25 PY 2015 VL 629 BP 140 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.12.241 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CB5WW UT WOS:000349699700024 ER PT J AU Karch, BK Hardie, RC AF Karch, Barry K. Hardie, Russell C. TI Robust super-resolution by fusion of interpolated frames for color and grayscale images SO FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE super-resolution; image processing; image restoration ID ADAPTIVE WIENER FILTER; RECONSTRUCTION; DEMOSAICKING; RESOLUTION; ARRAYS; MOTION AB Multi-frame super-resolution (SR) processing seeks to overcome undersampling issues that can lead to undesirable aliasing artifacts in imaging systems. A key factor in effective multi-frame SR is accurate subpixel inter-frame registration. Accurate registration is more difficult when frame-to-frame motion does not contain simple global translation and includes locally moving scene objects. SR processing is further complicated when the camera captures full color by using a Bayer color filter array (CFA). Various aspects of these SR challenges have been previously investigated. Fast SR algorithms tend to have difficulty accommodating complex motion and CFA sensors. Furthermore, methods that can tolerate these complexities tend to be iterative in nature and may not be amenable to real-time processing. In this paper, we present a new fast approach for performing SR in the presence of these challenging imaging conditions. We refer to the new approach as Fusion of Interpolated Frames (FIF) SR. The FIF SR method decouples the demosaicing, interpolation, and restoration steps to simplify the algorithm. Frames are first individually demosaiced and interpolated to the desired resolution. Next, FIF uses a novel weighted sum of the interpolated frames to fuse them into an improved resolution estimate. Finally, restoration is applied to improve any degrading camera effects. The proposed FIF approach has a lower computational complexity than many iterative methods, making it a candidate for real-time implementation. We provide a detailed description of the FIF SR method and show experimental results using synthetic and real datasets in both constrained and complex imaging scenarios. Experiments include airborne grayscale imagery and Bayer CFA image sets with affine background motion plus local motion. C1 [Karch, Barry K.] Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RYMT, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Karch, Barry K.; Hardie, Russell C.] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Karch, BK (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RYMT, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM barry.karch@us.af.mil NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA EPFL SCIENCE PARK, BLDG D, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 2296-424X J9 FRONT PHYS JI Front. Physics PD APR 24 PY 2015 VL 3 AR 28 DI 10.3389/fphy.2015.00028 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA EB2GZ UT WOS:000387177200001 ER PT J AU Golden, EM Giles, NC Yang, S Halliburton, LE AF Golden, E. M. Giles, N. C. Yang, Shan Halliburton, L. E. TI Interstitial silicon ions in rutile TiO2 crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; REDUCED STATES; DOPED TIO2; PHOTOCATALYSIS; CHEMISTRY; DEFECTS; ANATASE AB Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is used to identify a new and unique photoactive silicon- related point defect in single crystals of rutile TiO2. The importance of this defect lies in its assignment to interstitial silicon ions and the unexpected establishment of silicon impurities as a major hole trap in TiO2. Principal g values of this new S = 1/2 center are 1.9159, 1.9377, and 1.9668 with principal axes along the [(1) over bar 10], [001], and [110] directions, respectively. Hyperfine structure in the EPR spectrum shows the unpaired spin interacting equally with two Ti nuclei and unequally with two Si nuclei. These silicon ions are present in the TiO2 crystals as unintentional impurities. Principal values for the larger of the two Si hyperfine interactions are 91.4, 95.4, and 316.4 MHz with principal axes also along the [(1) over bar 10], [001], and [110] directions. The model for the defect consists of two adjacent Si ions, one at a tetrahedral interstitial site and the other occupying a Ti site. Together, they form a neutral nonparamagnetic [Si-int - Si-Ti](0) complex. When a crystal is illuminated below 40 K with 442- nm laser light, holes are trapped by these silicon complexes and form paramagnetic [Siint - SiTi](+) defects, while electrons are trapped at oxygen vacancies. Thermal anneal results show that the [Siint - SiTi](+) EPR signal disappears in two steps, coinciding with the release of electrons from neutral oxygen vacancies and singly ionized oxygen vacancies. These released electrons recombine with the holes trapped at the silicon complexes. C1 [Golden, E. M.; Giles, N. C.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yang, Shan] Jackson State Univ, Dept Phys Atmospher Sci & Geosci, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. [Halliburton, L. E.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Halliburton, LE (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM larry.halliburton@mail.wvu.edu NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 22 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 13 AR 134110 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.134110 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CG4UI UT WOS:000353282200002 ER PT J AU Martinez, O Sanchez, JC Ard, SG Li, AY Melko, JJ Shuman, NS Guo, H Viggiano, AA AF Martinez, Oscar, Jr. Sanchez, Jenny C. Ard, Shaun G. Li, Anyang Melko, Joshua J. Shuman, Nicholas S. Guo, Hua Viggiano, Albert A. TI Selected-ion flow tube temperature-dependent measurements for the reactions of O-2(+) with N atoms and N-2(+) with O atoms SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; LABORATORY MEASUREMENT; THERMAL-ENERGY; POSITIVE-IONS; EXCITED-STATES; MOLECULE; NITROGEN; OXYGEN; RATES AB The temperature variation of rate constants has been measured for the gas phase reactions of the oxycation O-2(+) with N atoms and of N-2(+) with O atoms from 120 to 400 K using a variable temperature-selected ion flow tube. Measured room temperature rate constants, 0.75 x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1) (+/- 30%) for O-2(+) with N and 1.4 x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1) (+/- 30%) for N-2(+) with O, are in agreement with previously reported values. A temperature dependence of T-0.7(+/- 0.3) is observed for the O-2(+) + N reaction; however, the N-2(+) + O reaction is found to be independent of temperature. Calculations at varying levels of theory were used in tandem with experiments to evaluate likely pathways in potential energy surfaces for the reactions of concern. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Martinez, Oscar, Jr.; Sanchez, Jenny C.; Ard, Shaun G.; Melko, Joshua J.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Li, Anyang; Guo, Hua] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil RI Guo, Hua/J-2685-2014; Li, Anyang/J-2138-2016 OI Guo, Hua/0000-0001-9901-053X; Li, Anyang/0000-0001-6634-842X FU Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Research [DE-FG02-05ER15694]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; National Research Council; Boston College Institute of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to acknowledge support from the following agencies: H.G., Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Research (No. DE-FG02-05ER15694); A.A.V., Air Force Office of Scientific Research (No. AFOSR-2303EP); O.M., National Research Council; and J.S. and S.G.A., Boston College Institute of Scientific Research. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 21 PY 2015 VL 142 IS 15 AR 154305 DI 10.1063/1.4916913 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CG5CC UT WOS:000353307700030 PM 25903888 ER PT J AU Akers, BF AF Akers, Benjamin F. TI Modulational instabilities of periodic traveling waves in deep water SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE Stability; Water waves; Resonance; Benjamin-Feir ID CAPILLARY SOLITARY WAVES; SURFACE GRAVITY-WAVES; FINITE-AMPLITUDE; SPECTRAL STABILITY; ZAKHAROV EQUATION; DEPTH; VISCOSITY; DYNAMICS; PACKETS; TENSION AB The spectrum of periodic traveling waves in deep water is discussed. A multi-scale method is used, expanding the spectral data and the Bloch parameter in wave amplitude, to compute the size and location of modulated instabilities. The role of these instabilities in limiting the spectrum's analyticity is explained. Both two-dimensional and three-dimensional instabilities are calculated. The asymptotic predictions are compared to numerical simulations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Akers, BF (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Benjamin.Akers@afit.edu FU Simons Foundation [313852] FX This work was partially supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation (#313852 to Benjamin Akers). NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 EI 1872-8022 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD APR 15 PY 2015 VL 300 BP 26 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2015.02.005 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA CH0VP UT WOS:000353740800003 ER PT J AU Zhdanov, BV Rotondaro, MD Shaffer, MK Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, B. V. Rotondaro, M. D. Shaffer, M. K. Knize, R. J. TI Power degradation due to thermal effects in Potassium Diode Pumped Alkali Laser SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Alkali lasers; DPAL; Potassium laser; Thermal effects ID VAPOR LASERS; PHOTOIONIZATION AB This paper presents results of our study of the performance of a Potassium DPAL operating in pulsed mode with pump pulses from 0.05 to 5 ms long at different pump powers and alkali cell temperatures. The experiments showed the DPAL output power degradation in time with a characteristic time in the range from 0.5 ms to 4.5 ms. We attribute the power degradation to heating of the vapor. The recorded spectrum of the side fluorescence indicates that multi-photon excitation, energy pooling collisions and ionization are also present. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhdanov, B. V.; Rotondaro, M. D.; Shaffer, M. K.; Knize, R. J.] US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu FU High Energy Lasers Joint Technology Office [JTO-14-UPR-0525] FX We acknowledge support of the High Energy Lasers Joint Technology Office (Control no. JTO-14-UPR-0525) who funded this research project. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 EI 1873-0310 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD APR 15 PY 2015 VL 341 BP 97 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2014.12.021 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA CB3AL UT WOS:000349500000016 ER PT J AU Mikolajczyk, A Gajewicz, A Rasulev, B Schaeublin, N Maurer-Gardner, E Hussain, S Leszczynski, J Puzyn, T AF Mikolajczyk, Alicja Gajewicz, Agnieszka Rasulev, Bakhtiyor Schaeublin, Nicole Maurer-Gardner, Elisabeth Hussain, Saber Leszczynski, Jerzy Puzyn, Tomasz TI Zeta Potential for Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: A Predictive Model Developed by a Nano-Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship Approach SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CONCORDANCE CORRELATION-COEFFICIENT; DIFFERENT VALIDATION CRITERIA; REAL EXTERNAL PREDICTIVITY; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; AGGREGATION KINETICS; SURFACE CONDUCTIVITY; CANCER-CELLS; QSAR MODELS; DESCRIPTORS; CYTOTOXICITY AB Physico-chemical characterization of nanoparticles in the context of their transport and fate in the environment is an important challenge for risk assessment of nanomaterials. One of the main characteristics that defines the behavior of nanoparticles in solution is zeta potential (zeta). In this paper, we have demonstrated the relationship between zeta potential and a series of intrinsic physico-chemical features of 15 metal oxide nanoparticles revealed by computational study. The here-developed quantitative structureproperty relationship model (nano-QSPR) was able to predict the zeta of metal oxide nanoparticles utilizing only two descriptors: (i) the spherical size of nanoparticles, a parameter from numerical analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, and (ii) the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital per metal atom, a theoretical descriptor calculated by quantum mechanics at semiempirical level of theory (PM6 method). The obtained consensus model is characterized by reasonably good predictivity (Q(EXT)(2) = 0.87). Therefore, the developed model can be utilized for in silico evaluation of properties of novel engineered nanoparticles. This study is a first step in developing a comprehensive and computationally based system to predict physicochemical properties that are responsible for aggregation phenomena in metal oxide nanoparticles. C1 [Mikolajczyk, Alicja; Gajewicz, Agnieszka; Puzyn, Tomasz] Univ Gdansk, Fac Chem, Inst Environm & Human Hlth Protect, Lab Environm Chemometr, PL-80308 Gdansk, Poland. [Rasulev, Bakhtiyor; Leszczynski, Jerzy] Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Interdisciplinary Nanotox Ctr, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. [Rasulev, Bakhtiyor] N Dakota State Univ, Ctr Computationally Assisted Sci & Technol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Schaeublin, Nicole; Maurer-Gardner, Elisabeth; Hussain, Saber] Air Force Res Lab, Biol Interact Nanomat, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate 711th,Human Perfo, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Puzyn, T (reprint author), Univ Gdansk, Fac Chem, Inst Environm & Human Hlth Protect, Lab Environm Chemometr, PL-80308 Gdansk, Poland. EM t.puzyn@qsar.eu.org OI Puzyn, Tomasz/0000-0003-0449-8339; Rasulev, Bakhtiyor/0000-0002-7845-4884 FU Polish National Science Center [UMO-2011/01/M/NZ7/01445]; NSF-CREST Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity [NSF HRD 0833178]; NSF-CREST Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity (EPSCoR) [362492-190200-01/NSFEPS-090378] FX This work was supported by the Polish National Science Center (grant no. UMO-2011/01/M/NZ7/01445). The authors also thank for support of the NSF-CREST Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity (grant no. NSF HRD 0833178 and EPSCoR (award no. 362492-190200-01/NSFEPS-090378). The authors also thank Professor Paola Gramatica for support and for providing a copy of QSARINS software. NR 58 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD APR 14 PY 2015 VL 27 IS 7 BP 2400 EP 2407 DI 10.1021/cm504406a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CG3JI UT WOS:000353176100018 ER PT J AU Gong, MG Shastry, TA Cui, QN Kohlmeyer, RR Luck, KA Rowberg, A Marks, TJ Durstock, MF Zhao, H Hersam, MC Ren, SQ AF Gong, Maogang Shastry, Tejas A. Cui, Qiannan Kohlmeyer, Ryan R. Luck, Kyle A. Rowberg, Andrew Marks, Tobin J. Durstock, Michael F. Zhao, Hui Hersam, Mark C. Ren, Shenqiang TI Understanding Charge Transfer in Carbon Nanotube-Fullerene Bulk Heterojunctions SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE nanocarbon; fullerenes; bulk heterojunction; charge transfer; Mechanism ID POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; DENSITY GRADIENT ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; LIGHT-INTENSITY DEPENDENCE; SPECTRAL-RESPONSE; PHOTODETECTORS; PERFORMANCE; PHOTOVOLTAICS; ELECTRODES; MORPHOLOGY AB Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube/fullerene bulk heterojunctions exhibit unique optoelectronic properties highly suitable for flexible, efficient, and robust photovoltaics and photodetectors. We investigate charge-transfer dynamics in inverted devices featuring a polyethylenimine-coated ZnO nanowire array infiltrated with these blends and find that trap-assisted recombination dominates transport within the blend and at the active layer/nanowire interface. We find that electrode modifiers suppress this recombination, leading to high performance. C1 [Gong, Maogang; Ren, Shenqiang] Univ Kansas, Dept Chem, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Cui, Qiannan; Zhao, Hui] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Shastry, Tejas A.; Luck, Kyle A.; Rowberg, Andrew; Marks, Tobin J.; Hersam, Mark C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Marks, Tobin J.; Hersam, Mark C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Kohlmeyer, Ryan R.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Kohlmeyer, Ryan R.; Durstock, Michael F.] Air Force Res Lab, Soft Matter Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hersam, MC (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM m-hersam@northwestern.edu; shenqiang@ku.edu RI Zhao, Hui/A-2703-2009; Hersam, Mark/B-6739-2009; Gong, Maogang/B-3588-2016; OI Zhao, Hui/0000-0003-4552-3836; Gong, Maogang/0000-0002-2031-781X; Rowberg, Andrew/0000-0002-2928-6917 FU Army Research Office - Young Investigator Program [W911NF-14-1-0443]; Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-13ER46937]; National Science Foundation - DMR [0954486]; Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001059]; National Science Foundation; National Research Council; NSF-MRSEC [DMR-1121262]; Keck Foundation; State of Illinois FX Work at the University of Kansas (S.R) was supported by the Army Research Office - Young Investigator Program (W911NF-14-1-0443, material design/self-assembly of carbon heterojunctions), Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences Award No. DE-FG02-13ER46937 (organic synthesis and physical property measurement), and National Science Foundation - DMR Award No. 0954486 (H.Z., ultrafast pump-probe measurements). Work at Northwestern University (M.C.H. and T.J.M.) was supported as part of the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award No. DE-SC0001059. T.A.S. and K.A.L. acknowledge graduate research fellowships from the National Science Foundation. R.R.K. thanks the National Research Council for the Postdoctoral Fellowship. UPS was performed in the NUANCE facility at Northwestern University, which is supported by the NSF-MRSEC (DMR-1121262), Keck Foundation, and State of Illinois. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD APR 8 PY 2015 VL 7 IS 13 BP 7428 EP 7435 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b01536 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CF7QQ UT WOS:000352751800045 PM 25797180 ER PT J AU Cox, RM Kim, J Armentrout, PB Bartlett, J VanGundy, RA Heaven, MC Ard, SG Melko, JJ Shuman, NS Viggiano, AA AF Cox, Richard M. Kim, JungSoo Armentrout, P. B. Bartlett, Joshua VanGundy, Robert A. Heaven, Michael C. Ard, Shaun G. Melko, Joshua J. Shuman, Nicholas S. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Evaluation of the exothermicity of the chemi-ionization reaction Sm plus O -> SmO+ + e(-) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE KINETICS; ATOMIC LANTHANIDE CATIONS; SIFT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; X=0-3 BOND-ENERGIES; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; GUIDED ION-BEAM; ASSOCIATIVE IONIZATION; GASEOUS MONOXIDES; SAMARIUM MONOXIDE AB The exothermicity of the chemi-ionization reaction Sm + O -> SmO+ + e(-) has been re-evaluated through the combination of several experimental methods. The thermal reactivity (300-650 K) of Sm+ and SmO+ with a range of species measured using a selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometer apparatus is reported and provides limits for the bond strength of SmO+, 5.661 eV <= D-0(Sm+-O) <= 6.500 eV. A more precise value is measured to be 5.72(5) +/- 0.07 eV, bracketed by the observed reactivity of Sm+ and SmO+ with several species using a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer (GIBMS). Combined with the established Sm ionization energy (IE), this value indicates an exothermicity of the title reaction of 0.08 +/- 0.07 eV, similar to 0.2 eV smaller than previous determinations. In addition, the ionization energy of SmO has been measured by resonantly enhanced two-photon ionization and pulsed-field ionization zero kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy to be 5.7427 +/- 0.0006 eV, significantly higher than the literature value. Combined with literature bond energies of SmO, this value indicates an exothermicity of the title reaction of 0.14 +/- 0.17 eV, independent from and in agreement with the GIBMS result presented here. The evaluated thermochemistry also suggests that D-0(SmO) = 5.83 +/- 0.07 eV, consistent with but more precise than the literature values. Implications of these results for interpretation of chemical release experiments in the thermosphere are discussed. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Cox, Richard M.; Kim, JungSoo; Armentrout, P. B.] Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Bartlett, Joshua; VanGundy, Robert A.; Heaven, Michael C.] Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Ard, Shaun G.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Melko, Joshua J.] Univ N Florida, Dept Chem, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. RP Armentrout, PB (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM armentrout@chem.utah.edu; mheaven@emory.edu; albert.viggiano@us.af.mil RI Cox, Richard /C-5001-2017 OI Cox, Richard /0000-0003-1812-3431 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR [FA9550-14-1-0357, FA9550-13-1-0006, AFOSR-2303EP]; Boston College Institute of Scientific Research FX This material is based upon work supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR Award Nos. FA9550-14-1-0357 (P.B.A.), FA9550-13-1-0006 (M.C.H.), and AFOSR-2303EP (A.A.V.). S.G.A. acknowledges the support of Boston College Institute of Scientific Research. NR 64 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 7 PY 2015 VL 142 IS 13 AR 134307 DI 10.1063/1.4916396 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CF6DG UT WOS:000352646300026 PM 25854243 ER PT J AU Sherman, J Tarnow, J Peacock, W Walker, JV AF Sherman, Julie Tarnow, Jay Peacock, Walker Walker, Jerry V. TI Reliability and Validity Analyses of the Self-Management Questionnaire SO CHILD & FAMILY BEHAVIOR THERAPY LA English DT Article DE Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD); children; self-management; depression; assessment; adolescents; psychology; autism AB The authors developed a parent-report measure to enhance findings for diagnoses and evaluations, and therefore, improve on the assessments currently being widely used for this purpose. Data were gathered on 322 clients (4-18 years old) seeking treatment at a private practice setting. Factor analysis revealed 18 subscales. Scores were internally consistent and distinct from other subscales. In addition, the questionnaire showed good diagnostic utility for depression, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), and Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD). This study provides sufficient evidence of the reliability and validity of the Self-Management Questionnaire (SMQ) to recommend its use for skills and needs assessment with children and adolescents. C1 [Sherman, Julie] Southeast Texas Behav Solut, Beaumont, TX 77702 USA. [Tarnow, Jay; Peacock, Walker] Tarnow Ctr Self Management, Houston, TX USA. [Walker, Jerry V.] US Air Force, Langley Air Force Base, Hampton, VA USA. RP Sherman, J (reprint author), Southeast Texas Behav Solut, 80 Interstate 10 N,Suite 205, Beaumont, TX 77702 USA. EM drsherman4@gmail.com NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0731-7107 EI 1545-228X J9 CHILD FAM BEHAV THER JI Child Fam. Behav. Ther. PD APR 3 PY 2015 VL 37 IS 2 BP 114 EP 137 DI 10.1080/07317107.2015.1035987 PG 24 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA CK5OQ UT WOS:000356275300003 ER PT J AU Wolf, SE Hill, RR Pignatiello, JJ AF Wolf, S. E. Hill, R. R. Pignatiello, J. J. TI Analysis of an Intervention for Small Unmanned Aerial System (SUAS) Accidents: A Case Study Involving Simpson's Paradox SO Quality Engineering LA English DT Article DE mishap prevention; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); small unmanned aerial system (SUAS); intervention; accident analysis; Simpson's Paradox ID REMOTELY PILOTED AIRCRAFT; PROPORTIONS; DIFFERENCE; MISHAPS; ERROR AB ABSTRACT We investigate a process intervention designed to lower small unmanned aerial system (SUAS) mishap rates. The intervention implemented review boards, required various certifications, and produced apparent decreases in flight failures and flight damage, albeit at increased costs. However, we demonstrate how the results actually represent an undetected example of Simpson's Paradox in which aggregated results yield differing conclusions than disaggregated results. We use the Wilson score method to produce confidence intervals on the difference in mishap rates both before and after the intervention. Using this method, we show that no mishap rate reduction was truly attributable to the process intervention. Our case study reinforces the importance of using deeper statistical knowledge when making policy decisions based in part on the statistical analysis of empirical data. C1 [Wolf, S. E.] AFOTEC 6, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Hill, R. R.; Pignatiello, J. J.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hill, RR (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way,Bld 641 Suite 201, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM raymond.hill@afit.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0898-2112 EI 1532-4222 J9 QUAL ENG JI Qual. Eng. PD APR 3 PY 2015 VL 27 IS 2 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1080/08982112.2014.928728 PG 7 WC Engineering, Industrial; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA CG7TI UT WOS:000353507600003 ER PT J AU Lederman, RP Weis, K Cynthia, RG AF Lederman, Regina P. Weis, Karen Cynthia, Roberts-Gray TI PRETERM BIRTH AND ANXIETY IN LOW AND HIGH RISK WOMEN: SELECTING ANXIETY MEASURES & INTERVENTIONS. SO ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lederman, Regina P.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Galeston, TX USA. [Weis, Karen] US Air Force, San Antonio, TX 78261 USA. [Cynthia, Roberts-Gray] Third Coast Res & Dev Inc, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. EM karen.l.weis2.mil@mail.mil; croberts@thirdcoastresearch.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0883-6612 EI 1532-4796 J9 ANN BEHAV MED JI Ann. Behav. Med. PD APR PY 2015 VL 49 SU 1 MA 09 BP S54 EP S54 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA DA5EH UT WOS:000367825001211 ER PT J AU Pressley, T AF Pressley, Thomas TI Addressing Core Competencies in Vision and Change: Use of a General Physiology Course to Reinforce Quantitative and Interdisciplinary Approaches SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pressley, Thomas] US Air Force Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Pressley, Thomas] Texas Tech Univ HSC, Dept Med Educ, Lubbock, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 EI 1530-6860 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2015 VL 29 SU 1 MA 541.25 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA CR6PV UT WOS:000361470503221 ER PT J AU Weiss, A Petersen, C Baldwin, M Erwin, RS Kolmanovsky, I AF Weiss, Avishai Petersen, Christopher Baldwin, Morgan Erwin, R. Scott Kolmanovsky, Ilya TI Safe Positively Invariant Sets for Spacecraft Obstacle Avoidance SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID CONSTRAINED LINEAR-SYSTEMS; BOUNDED DISTURBANCES; PREDICTIVE CONTROL AB This paper presents an obstacle avoidance method for spacecraft relative motion control. In this approach, a connectivity graph is constructed for a set of relative frame points, which form a virtual net centered around a nominal orbital position. The connectivity between points in the virtual net is determined based on the use of safe positively invariant sets for guaranteed collision free maneuvering. A graph search algorithm is then applied to find a maneuver that avoids specified obstacles and adheres to specified thrust limits. As compared to conventional open-loop trajectory optimization, this approach enables the handling of bounded disturbances, which can represent the effects of perturbing forces and model uncertainty, while rigorously guaranteeing that nonconvex and possibly time-varying obstacle avoidance constraints are satisfied. Details for handling a single stationary obstacle, multiple stationary obstacles, moving obstacles, and bounded disturbances are reported and illustrated with simulation case studies. C1 [Weiss, Avishai; Petersen, Christopher; Kolmanovsky, Ilya] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Baldwin, Morgan; Erwin, R. Scott] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Baldwin, Morgan] AIAA, Reston, VA USA. RP Weiss, A (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA9453-12-1-0134] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory FA9453-12-1-0134. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD APR PY 2015 VL 38 IS 4 BP 720 EP 732 DI 10.2514/1.G000115 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CQ0BZ UT WOS:000360261400017 ER PT J AU Ainscough, T Zanetti, R Christian, J Spanos, PD AF Ainscough, Thomas Zanetti, Renato Christian, John Spanos, Pol D. TI Q-Method Extended Kalman Filter SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID ATTITUDE-DETERMINATION; SPACECRAFT ATTITUDE; VECTOR OBSERVATIONS; QUATERNION ESTIMATION; ALGORITHM; REQUEST; QUEST AB A new algorithm is proposed that smoothly incorporates the nonlinear estimation of the attitude quaternion using Davenport's q-method and the estimation of nonattitude states through an extended Kalman filter. The new algorithm is compared to an existing one and the various similarities and differences are discussed. The validity of the proposed approach is confirmed by numerical simulations. C1 [Ainscough, Thomas; Zanetti, Renato] Rice Univ, US Air Force, Charles Stark Draper Lab, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Zanetti, Renato] Charles Stark Draper Lab, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Christian, John] W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26508 USA. [Spanos, Pol D.] Rice Univ, Ryon Chair Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Ainscough, T (reprint author), Rice Univ, US Air Force, Charles Stark Draper Lab, 17629 El Camino Real,Suite 470, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM tainscough@draper.com; rzanetti@draper.com; jachristian@mail.wvu.edu; spanos@rice.edu NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD APR PY 2015 VL 38 IS 4 BP 752 EP 760 DI 10.2514/1.G000118 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CQ0BZ UT WOS:000360261400020 ER PT J AU Markelonis, AR Wang, JS Ullrich, B Wai, CM Brown, GJ AF Markelonis, Andrew R. Wang, Joanna S. Ullrich, Bruno Wai, Chien M. Brown, Gail J. TI Nanoparticle film deposition using a simple and fast centrifuge sedimentation method SO APPLIED NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Centrifuge; Films; Simple and fast; Nanoparticles; Deposition ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ORDERED ARRAYS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PARTICLE-SIZE; POLYMER; NANOCRYSTALS; INTERPARTICLE; SILICON; CELLS AB Colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) can be deposited uniformly on flat or rough and uneven substrate surfaces employing a standard centrifuge and common solvents. This method is suitable for depositing different types of nanoparticles on a variety of substrates including glass, silicon wafer, aluminum foil, copper sheet, polymer film, plastic, and paper, etc. The thickness of the films can be controlled by the amount of the colloidal nanoparticle solution used in the preparation. The method offers a fast and simple procedure compared to other currently known nanoparticle deposition techniques for studying the optical properties of nanoparticle films. C1 [Markelonis, Andrew R.; Wai, Chien M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Wang, Joanna S.; Ullrich, Bruno; Brown, Gail J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, JS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jswang@uidaho.edu NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 2190-5509 EI 2190-5517 J9 APPL NANOSCI JI Appl. Nanosci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 5 IS 4 BP 457 EP 468 DI 10.1007/s13204-014-0338-x PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CL9KO UT WOS:000357297300009 ER PT J AU Adams, SF Caplinger, JE Sommers, BS AF Adams, S. F. Caplinger, J. E. Sommers, B. S. TI Spatial temperature mapping of an atmospheric microdischarge using ultraviolet Rayleigh scatter imaging SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric microdischarge; gas temperature; laser scatter; spatially resolved temperature ID MICROPLASMAS; NITROGEN; EXCITATION; EMISSION; PLASMAS; OXYGEN; AIR; N-2 AB Spatially resolved temperature measurements within a microdischarge in atmospheric pressure air have been conducted using Rayleigh scattering of a pulsed ultraviolet laser. Rayleigh scatter images were used to generate highly resolved 1D and 2D profiles of translational temperature, with the analysis based on the ideal gas inverse relationship between temperature and gas density. The technique was shown to be practical to an upper gas temperature limit of approximately 2000 K. Rayleigh scattering results were compared to standard optical emission spectral analyses of N-2(C-3 Pi(u)-> B-3 Pi(g)) bands, where the calculated rotational temperatures from emission agreed consistently with the peak translational temperatures within the microdischarge measured by Rayleigh laser scatter analyses. The results provide distinctive support of the assumption commonly applied for N-2 discharges that the N-2(C-3 Pi(u)) excited state has an identical rotational energy distribution as the N-2(X-1 Sigma(g)) ground state. The microdischarge investigated in this study was found to follow another common assumption for non-thermal discharges; that the translation and rotational temperatures are approximately equal to each other and the vibrational temperature is of a much higher value. C1 [Adams, S. F.; Sommers, B. S.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Caplinger, J. E.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Adams, SF (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.adams.11@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors wish to thank J Clark for his fine consultation and A Tolson for his technical expertise. This work is partially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 EI 1361-6595 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 24 IS 2 AR 025031 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/24/2/025031 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CL2ZB UT WOS:000356816200035 ER PT J AU Selesnick, RS AF Selesnick, R. S. TI High-energy radiation belt electrons from CRAND SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiation belt; electrons; trapped; CRAND ID ATMOSPHERE; PROTONS; PLASMA; MODEL AB A calculation of the inner radiation belt electron source from cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND) is described. High-energy electrons are included by Lorentz-transforming the decay spectrum from the neutron rest frame to the Earth's rest frame and combining with the known high-energy albedo neutron energy spectrum. Balancing the electron source with energy loss to atmospheric neutral atoms and plasma, and with a decay lifetime representative of plasma wave scattering, then provides an estimate of trapped electron intensity. It is well below measured values for low energies, confirming that CRAND is not a significant source of those trapped electrons. For kinetic energies above the maximum decay energy (E > 0.8MeV) a power law energy spectrum approximate to E-4 is predicted. For L = 1.5 and E >= 2 MeV the computed omnidirectional trapped electron intensity exceeds an extrapolation of the measured low-energy exponential energy spectrum. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Selesnick, RS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM richard.selesnick@us.af.mil FU NASA [NNH14AX18I]; Air Force Research Laboratory under the Heliophysics Guest Investigators Program FX Software for evaluating the NRLMSISE-00 model is available from http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/modelweb/atmos/nrlmsise00.html; software for evaluating the GCPM model was provided by D. L. Gallagher; evaluated albedo neutron intensity (Figure 1) is available from the author. This work was supported in part by NASA agreement NNH14AX18I with the Air Force Research Laboratory under the Heliophysics Guest Investigators Program. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR PY 2015 VL 120 IS 4 BP 2912 EP 2917 DI 10.1002/2014JA020963 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CI6TL UT WOS:000354894800038 ER PT J AU Paul, BD Bosy, T AF Paul, Buddha D. Bosy, Thomas TI A Sensitive GC-EIMS Method for Simultaneous Detection and Quantification of JWH-018 and JWH-073 Carboxylic Acid and Hydroxy Metabolites in Urine SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT; CANNABIMIMETIC INDOLES; CB2 AB Synthetic cannabinoids, including JWH-018 and JWH-073, belong to a class of aminoalkylindoles (AAIs) that are smoked to produce an effect similar to tetrahydrocannabinol. Compounds in this class are often collectively known as 'Spice'. After ingestion, these compounds are extensively metabolized to their hydroxy and carboxylic acid metabolites. During forensic analysis, detection of these metabolites in urine is an indication of past exposure to the parent compounds. The analytical process involved hydrolysis of conjugated metabolites by glucuronidase, solvent extraction, derivatization by trifluoroacetic anhydride and hexafluoroisopropanol and GC-EIMS detection. Identification of the unknown was based on the criteria of GC retention time within +/- 2% and mass spectral ion ratio within +/- 20% of that of a standard. Deuterated internal standards of the carboxylic acid metabolites were used for quantification. The acid (JWH-018-COOH, JWH-073-COOH) and hydroxy (JWH-018-OH, JWH-073-OH) metabolites were linear over the concentration range of 0.1-10 and 0.2-10 ng/mL, respectively, with a correlation coefficient-square, R-2 > 0.999 (N = 5). Extraction recoveries of the metabolites were within 79 and 87%. The method was applied to 17 urine specimens collected as part of a military law enforcement investigation. Nine of the specimens tested positive for one or more of the metabolites. When the procedure was extended to screen other AAI compounds, two of the specimens were found to contain JWH-210, JWH-250 (JWH-302 or JWH-201) and JWH-250 (C4 isomers). The GC-EIMS method presented here was found to be suitable for detecting JWH-018 and JWH-073 metabolites and other AAI compounds in urine. C1 [Paul, Buddha D.; Bosy, Thomas] Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, Div Forens Toxicol, Dover AFB, DE 19902 USA. RP Paul, BD (reprint author), Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, Div Forens Toxicol, Dover AFB, DE 19902 USA. EM buddha_paul@yahoo.com NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0146-4760 EI 1945-2403 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 39 IS 3 BP 172 EP 182 DI 10.1093/jat/bku178 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA CI4CT UT WOS:000354695000002 PM 25691387 ER PT J AU Lee, DA Vedral, LJ Smith, DA Musselman, RL Pinchuk, AO AF Lee, David A. Vedral, L. James Smith, David A. Musselman, Randall L. Pinchuk, Anatoliy O. TI Low-loss negative index metamaterials for X, Ku, and K microwave bands SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article AB Low-loss, negative-index of refraction metamaterials were designed and tested for X, Ku, and K microwave frequency bands. An S-shaped, split-ring resonator was used as a unit cell to design homogeneous slabs of negative-index metamaterials. Then, the slabs of metamaterials were cut unto prisms to measure experimentally the negative index of refraction of a plane electromagnetic wave. Theoretical simulations using High-Frequency Structural Simulator, a finite element equation solver, were in good agreement with experimental measurements. The negative index of refraction was retrieved from the angle-and frequency-dependence of the transmitted intensity of the microwave beam through the metamaterial prism and compared well to simulations; in addition, near-field electromagnetic intensity mapping was conducted with an infrared camera, and there was also a good match with the simulations for expected frequency ranges for the negative index of refraction. (C) 2015 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Lee, David A.] Mitre Corp, Colorado Springs, CO 80910 USA. [Vedral, L. James; Smith, David A.; Pinchuk, Anatoliy O.] Univ Colorado, Phys & Energy Sci Dept, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. [Musselman, Randall L.] US Air Force Acad, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lee, DA (reprint author), Mitre Corp, 1155 Acad Pk Loop, Colorado Springs, CO 80910 USA. OI Pinchuk, Anatoliy/0000-0003-1721-5668 FU U.S. Air Force Space Command; U.S. Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program FX Mr. Lee gratefully acknowledges the support of this project by the U.S. Air Force Space Command. Mr. Smith and Dr. Pinchuk gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD APR PY 2015 VL 5 IS 4 AR 047119 DI 10.1063/1.4918283 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CH2BC UT WOS:000353827700052 ER PT J AU Henkels, KM Mallets, ER Dennis, PB Gomez-Cambronero, J AF Henkels, Karen M. Mallets, Elizabeth R. Dennis, Patrick B. Gomez-Cambronero, Julian TI S6K is a morphogenic protein with a mechanism involving Filamin-A phosphorylation and phosphatidic acid binding SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cytoskeleton signaling; cell morphology; morphogenesis; breast cancer; cell invasion ID ACTIN CYTOSKELETON; CELL-MIGRATION; IN-VITRO; KINASE; MTOR; SITE AB Change of cell shape in vivo plays many roles that are central to life itself, such as embryonic development, inflammation, wound healing, and pathologic processes such as cancer metastasis. Nonetheless, the spatiotemporal mechanisms that control the concerted regulation of cell shape remain understudied. Here, we show that ribosomal S6K, which is normally considered a protein involved in protein translation, is a morphogenic protein. Its presence in cells alters the overall organization of the cell surface and cell circularity [(4 pi x area)/(perimeter)(2)] from 0.47 +/- 60.06 units in mock-treated cells to 0.09 +/- 6 0.03 units in S6K-overexpressing macrophages causing stellation and arborization of cell shape. This effect was partially reversed in cells expressing a kinase-inactive S6K mutant and was fully reversed in cells silenced with small interference RNA. Equally important is that S6K is itself regulated by phospholipids, specifically phosphatidic acid, whereby 300 nM 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (DOPA), but not the control 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), binds directly to S6K and causes an similar to 2.9-fold increase in S6K catalytic activity. This was followed by an increase in Filamin A (FLNA) functionality as measured by phospho-FLNA (S-2152) expression and by a subsequent elevation of actin nucleation. This reliance of S6K on phosphatidic acid (PA), a curvature-inducing phospholipid, explained the extra-large perimeter of cells that overexpressed S6K. Furthermore, the diversity of the response to S6K in several unrelated cell types (fibroblasts, leukocytes, and invasive cancer cells) that we report here indicates the existence of an underlying common mechanism inmammalian cells. This new signaling set, PA-S6K-FLNA-actin, sheds light for the first time into the morphogenic pathway of cytoskeletal structures that are crucial for adhesion and cell locomotion during inflammation and metastasis. C1 [Henkels, Karen M.; Mallets, Elizabeth R.; Gomez-Cambronero, Julian] Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Dennis, Patrick B.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gomez-Cambronero, J (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM julian.cambronero@wright.edu FU U.S. National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL056653-14]; American Heart Association [13GRNT17230097] FX The authors acknowledge Dr. Francisco Alvarez (Emory University) for helpful discussions on cell morphology and Marium Husain and Francis Speranza for technical contribution on the transfection efficiency/cell viability assay and actin polymerization and phagocytosis experiments, respectively. This work was supported by the U.S. National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Grant HL056653-14, and the American Heart Association Grant 13GRNT17230097. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 EI 1530-6860 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2015 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1299 EP 1313 DI 10.1096/fj.14-260992 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA CH5ZN UT WOS:000354115000018 PM 25512366 ER PT J AU Balthazor, RL McHarg, MG Enloe, CL Mueller, B Barnhart, DJ Hoeffner, ZW Brown, R Scherliess, L Wilhelm, LT AF Balthazor, Richard L. McHarg, Matthew G. Enloe, C. Lon Mueller, Brandon Barnhart, David J. Hoeffner, Zachary W. Brown, Robert Scherliess, Ludger Wilhelm, Lance T. TI Methodology of evaluating the science benefit of various satellite/sensor constellation orbital parameters to an assimilative data forecast model SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; modeling AB A methodology for evaluating the science benefit of adding space weather sensor data from a modest number of small satellites to the Utah State University Global Assimilation of Ionospheric MeasurementsFull Physics (GAIM-FP) model is presented. Three orbital scenarios are presented, two focusing on improved coverage of narrowly specified regions of interest, and one on global coverage of the ionosphere as a whole. An Observing System Simulation Experiment is used to obtain qualitative and quantitative results of the impact of the various orbital scenarios on the ionospheric specifications. A simulated truth run of the ionosphere is obtained from a first principle model of the ionosphere/plasmasphere model and used to generate global simulated Global Positioning Satellite total electron content (GPS-TEC) data as well as in situ plasma density observations. Initially, only GPS data were assimilated by GAIM-FP, and the results of this limited run were compared to the truth run. Next, the simulated in situ plasma densities corresponding to our three orbital scenarios were assimilated together with the GPS data, and the results were compared to both the truth run and the limited GPS-TEC only GAIM-FP run. These model simulations have shown that adding a constellation of small satellites/sensors in addition to global TEC inputs does indeed converge the GAIM-FP model closer to truth in the situations described. C1 [Balthazor, Richard L.; McHarg, Matthew G.; Enloe, C. Lon; Mueller, Brandon; Barnhart, David J.; Hoeffner, Zachary W.; Brown, Robert] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Scherliess, Ludger] Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Wilhelm, Lance T.] AFRL RXCA, Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Balthazor, RL (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM richard.balthazor@usafa.edu RI Scherliess, Ludger/A-7499-2016; OI Scherliess, Ludger/0000-0002-7388-5255; Balthazor, Richard/0000-0002-4568-7446 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; NSF [AGS-1329544] FX The GAIM-FP data are publicly available on request from USU, POC Ludger Scherliess, ludger.scherliess@usu.edu. The authors wish to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for their support. The work at Utah State University was partially supported by NSF grant AGS-1329544. Distribution Statement A - Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 50 IS 4 BP 318 EP 326 DI 10.1002/2014RS005426 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA CI1CK UT WOS:000354478200003 ER PT J AU Ghoreyshi, M Kim, ADH Jirasek, A Lofthouse, AJ Cummings, RM AF Ghoreyshi, M. Kim, A. D. H. Jirasek, A. Lofthouse, A. J. Cummings, R. M. TI Validation of CFD simulations for X-31 wind-tunnel models SO AERONAUTICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE MODELS; FLOW PREDICTION; AIRCRAFT; AERODYNAMICS AB Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become an attractive method of choice in the design of many aerospace vehicles because of advances in numerical algorithms and convergence acceleration methods. However, the flow around an advanced fighter aircraft is complicated and usually unsteady due to the presence of vortex-dominated flows. The accuracy and predictability of conventional turbulence models for these applications may be questionable and therefore results obtained from these models must be validated and evaluated on the basis of experimental data from wind tunnels and/or flight tests. This work aims to validate CFD simulations of X-31 wind-tunnel models with and without a belly-mounted sting. The sting setup facilitates forced sinusoidal oscillations in one of three modes of: pitch, yaw, and roll. However, the results show that measured aerodynamic data are altered by the turbulent wake behind the sting, even at small angles of attack. The high angle-of-attack flow around the X-31 is also very complicated and unsteady due to canard and wing vortices. Therefore, validation of CFD models for predicting these complex flows can be a very challenging task. The X-31 wind-tunnel experiments were carried out in the German Dutch low-speed wind tunnel at Braunschweig and include aerodynamic force and moment measurement as well as span-wise pressure distributions at locations of 60% and 70% chord length. This data set is used to validate the Cobalt and Kestrel flow solvers and the results are similar and match quiet well with experiments for small to moderate angles of attack. The main discrepancies between CFD and measurements occur close to the wing tip, where leading-edge flaps are located. C1 [Ghoreyshi, M.; Kim, A. D. H.; Jirasek, A.; Lofthouse, A. J.; Cummings, R. M.] US Air Force Acad, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ghoreyshi, M (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Mehdi.Ghoreyshi@usafa.edu FU USAFA [FA70001320018]; High Performance Computing Research Center FX Mehdi Ghoreyshi is supported by USAFA under contract FA70001320018; their financial support is gratefully acknowledged. Computer time was provided by the Department of Defense Engineering Research Development Center (ERDC). The X-31 geometry was provided by NATO RTO Task Group AVT-161 on assessment of stability and control prediction methods for NATO air and sea vehicles. The authors appreciate the support provided by the High Performance Computing Research Center and Col Robert Kraus, USAFA Chief Scientist. The authors would also like to thank Andreas Schutte of DLR and Okko Boelens of NLR for providing X-31 experimental data. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOC PI LONDON PA 4 HAMILTON PL, LONDON W1J 7BQ, ENGLAND SN 0001-9240 J9 AERONAUT J JI Aeronaut. J. PD APR PY 2015 VL 119 IS 1214 BP 479 EP 500 PG 22 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CH2JJ UT WOS:000353851200003 ER PT J AU Renda, JJ Harding, AB Bailey, CW Guillory, VL Vandewalle, KS AF Renda, James J. Harding, Aaron B. Bailey, Clifton W. Guillory, Villa L. Vandewalle, Kraig S. TI Microtensile Bond Strength of Lithium Disilicate to Zirconia with the CAD-on Technique SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS-IMPLANT ESTHETIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE All-ceramic; zirconia framework; CAD-on; Press-on; microtensile bond strength ID ALL-CERAMIC RESTORATIONS; FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES; 3-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; VENEERING PORCELAIN; DIFFERENT COMPONENTS; CHIPPING BEHAVIOR; DENTAL PROSTHESES; IN-VITRO; CORE; RELIABILITY AB PurposeRecently, a novel technique was introduced to combine lithium disilicate and zirconia into one restoration. The purpose of this study was to compare the microtensile bond strength of veneering ceramic to a zirconia core in two techniques: the e.max (R) CAD-on technique and the Press-on technique. Materials and MethodsGroup A was prepared by veneering sintered zirconia blocks (e.max (R) ZirCAD) with lithium disilicate blocks (e.max (R) CAD) using the CAD-on technique according to manufacturer's instructions. Group B was prepared by taking sintered e.max (R) ZirCAD blocks and veneering them with fluorapatite glass-ceramic (e.max (R) ZirPress) using the Press-on technique according to manufacturer's instructions. Each block was loaded in a dynamic cyclic loading machine. The blocks were then sectioned into 1 x 1 mm(2) beams (n = 43) using a precision saw, thermocycled, and loaded in tension until failure on a universal testing machine. A mean and standard deviation were determined per group. Data were analyzed using an unpaired t-test ( = 0.05). ResultsThe mean microtensile bond strengths were 44.0 13.8 MPa for the CAD-on technique and 14.9 +/- 8.8 MPa for the Press-on technique. Significant differences were found between the two groups (p = 2.7E-19). ConclusionsThe CAD-on technique (lithium disilicate/zirconia) resulted in greater microtensile bond strength than the Press-on technique (fluorapatite glass-ceramic/zirconia). C1 [Renda, James J.] US Air Force Acad, 10th Dent Squadron, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Harding, Aaron B.] Ramstein AB, 86th Dent Squadron, Ramstein, Germany. [Bailey, Clifton W.; Guillory, Villa L.; Vandewalle, Kraig S.] JBSA Lackland, Dunn Dent Clin, Adv Educ Gen Dent Residency Program, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Vandewalle, KS (reprint author), JBSA Lackland, Air Force Postgrad Dent Sch AFPDS, Adv Educ Gen Dent Residency Program, Dent Res,Dunn Dent Clin, 1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM kraig.vandewalle.2.ctr@us.af.mil NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1059-941X EI 1532-849X J9 J PROSTHODONT JI J. Prosthodont. PD APR PY 2015 VL 24 IS 3 BP 188 EP 193 DI 10.1111/jopr.12246 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA CH0HF UT WOS:000353699700003 PM 25850949 ER PT J AU Morath, CP Cowan, VM Treider, LA Jenkins, GD Hubbs, JE AF Morath, Christian P. Cowan, Vincent M. Treider, Laura A. Jenkins, Geoffrey D. Hubbs, John E. TI Proton Irradiation Effects on the Performance of III-V-Based, Unipolar Barrier Infrared Detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Damage factor; infrared detector; minority carrier lifetime; nBn; proton irradiation; unipolar barrier detector ID RADIATION; RESISTANCE; DAMAGE; ARRAY AB An examination of the collective results from recent experiments quantifying the performance degradation rates of III-V-based, unipolar barrier infrared detectors with various designs and materials, cutoff wavelengths and operating conditions due to 63 MeV proton irradiation is presented. Empirical relationships were established between the radiation damage factors for dark current density, lateral optical collection length, and quantum efficiency and the inverse product of the detectors' cutoff wavelength and operating temperature. Fitting the dark current density damage factor's empirical relationship reflected these detectors' tendency to remain diffusion-limited during irradiation, which was previously established using Arrhenius-analysis of the post-irradiation, temperature-dependent dark current measurements on each. Collectively, the results affirmed the performance degradation stemmed from a reduction of the minority carrier recombination lifetime via generation of additional defects by proton-induced displacement damage. For comparing detector's radiation-tolerance, the results indicated that damage factors alone were not ideal, but their empirical relationships would serve as heuristics in this role. C1 [Morath, Christian P.; Cowan, Vincent M.; Treider, Laura A.; Jenkins, Geoffrey D.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Hubbs, John E.] Air Force Res Lab, Infrared Radiat Effects Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Morath, CP (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM christian.morath.2@us.af.mil; jhubbs@ball.com NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 62 IS 2 BP 512 EP 519 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2392695 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CF9LZ UT WOS:000352887500013 ER PT J AU Shiffler, D Schumer, J Jiang, CQ AF Shiffler, Don Schumer, Joe Jiang, Chungqi TI Special Issue on Plenary and Invited Papers from ICOPS-BEAMS 2014 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Shiffler, Don] US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Schumer, Joe] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jiang, Chungqi] Old Dominion Univ, Frank Reidy Ctr Bioelect, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Shiffler, D (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM don.shiffler@ieee.org; joseph.schumer@nrl.navy.mil; cjiang@odu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 43 IS 4 SI SI BP 913 EP 913 DI 10.1109/TPS.2015.2419411 PN 1 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CG2OI UT WOS:000353113700001 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK Durden, LA Iwakami, M Vince, KJ Paul, RR AF Reeves, Will K. Durden, Lance A. Iwakami, Masahiro Vince, Kent J. Paul, Robert R. TI RICKETTSIAL DISEASES AND ECTOPARASITES FROM MILITARY BASES IN JAPAN SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HAEMAPHYSALIS-LONGICORNIS TICKS; SCRUB TYPHUS TSUTSUGAMUSHI; THAI-MYANMAR BORDER; ORIENTIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; MURINE TYPHUS; ANAPLASMA-PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; BARTONELLA-HENSELAE; KANAGAWA PREFECTURE AB Ectoparasitic arthropods are often vectors of rickettsiosis. We conducted a survey of ectoparasites on U.S. military facilities throughout Japan with the use of specimens submitted by pest control, public health, and veterinary personnel. Over 1,600 individual ectoparasites were collected. Fifteen species were identified, including several significant vectors of human diseases such as scrub typhus and rickettsial spotted fevers. These ectoparasites included Ctenocephalides felis, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Ixodes persulcatus, Leptotrombidium fuji, Leptotrombidium pallidum, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Rickettsial agents were detected by PCR and DNA sequencing. These included Bartonella henselae, Bartonella japonica, a novel Bartonella, Coxiella burnetii, an unnamed Coxiella, Ehrlichia canis, Orientia tsutsugamushi, Rickettsia typhi, and "Rickettsia Rf2125''/"Rickettsia cf1and5''. C1 [Reeves, Will K.; Durden, Lance A.; Iwakami, Masahiro; Vince, Kent J.; Paul, Robert R.] US Air Force, PHR, Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), US Air Force, PHR, Sch Aerosp Med, 2510 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM wkreeves@gmail.com FU Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System Operations Division of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center FX We thank J. North, C. Utter, K. Yore, J. Johnson, J. Hertz, D. Smith, J. Spencer, and the staff at the Department of Defense veterinary clinics for assistance with collections or laboratory work. Dr. A. Dowling provided some of the mite identifications. The use of trade names in this document does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial hardware or software. Do not cite this document for advertisement. A portion of this research was supported by the Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System Operations Division of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Air Force, the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited, Case 88ABW-2013-0444. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 101 IS 2 BP 150 EP 155 DI 10.1645/14-662.1 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA CG2XG UT WOS:000353138400005 PM 25548900 ER PT J AU Bramschreiber, T Westmoreland, D AF Bramschreiber, Terry Westmoreland, David TI Preparing Students For Science in the Face of Social Controversy SO AMERICAN BIOLOGY TEACHER LA English DT Article DE Nature of science; pseudoscience; rationalism; skepticism; empiricism ID EVOLUTION; COLLEGE AB Science educators often teach topics that are largely resolved in the scientific community yet remain controversial in broader society. In such cases, students may perceive the teacher as biased. We present two exercises that foster more objective learning about the scientific underpinnings of socially controversial topics. The first exercise clarifies why the scientific resolution of an issue does not necessarily align with social perception. The second applies this concept by having students discriminate science-based claims from other claims. C1 [Westmoreland, David] US Air Force Acad, Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80908 USA. RP Bramschreiber, T (reprint author), Discovery Canyon Campus,1810 North Gate Blvd, Colorado Springs, CO 80921 USA. EM terry.bramschreiber@asd20.org; david.westmoreland@usafa.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL ASSOC BIOLOGY TEACHERS INC PI RESTON PA 12030 SUNRISE VALLEY DR, #110, RESTON, VA 20191 USA SN 0002-7685 EI 1938-4211 J9 AM BIOL TEACH JI Am. Biol. Teach. PD APR PY 2015 VL 77 IS 4 BP 284 EP 288 DI 10.1525/abt.2015.77.4.8 PG 5 WC Biology; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Education & Educational Research GA CF7MU UT WOS:000352741400008 ER PT J AU Fajardo, KA Keller, P Kobayashi, T Hivnor, CM Webber, BJ Federinko, SP Tchandja, J AF Fajardo, Kevin A. Keller, Patrick Kobayashi, Todd Hivnor, Chad M. Webber, Bryant J. Federinko, Susan P. Tchandja, Juste TI Bilateral Lower Extremity Inflammatory Lymphedema in Air Force Basic Trainees Clinical and Epidemiologic Study of a New Disease Entity SO JAMA DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNIZATION; TETANUS; VACCINE AB IMPORTANCE This observational study characterizes a new clinical condition identified in 55 military trainees. OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence and underlying cause of bilateral lower extremity inflammatory lymphedemain Air Force basic trainees. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS An observational studywas conducted at Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas. Participants included 14 243 Air Force basic trainees who entered training between September 2011 and January 2012 and the 55 trainees (0.4%) who developed bilateral lower extremity inflammatory lymphedema that occurred during the 8 (1/2)-week basic training course. Two modifiable risk factors were evaluated: vaccine reaction and newly issued military footwear (combat boots and boot socks). INTERVENTIONS During November 2011, all new trainees wore only white socks and running shoes rather than the issued military footwear. During December 2011 and January 2012, the scheduled administration of tetanus/diphtheria/acellular pertussis and meningococcal vaccines, respectively, was delayed by 1 week for all new trainees. A full medical record review was conducted for every confirmed case of bilateral lower extremity inflammatory lymphedema. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Identification of incident cases, symptom onset, antimicrobial treatment, immunization reaction, laboratory studies, specialty referral, and biopsy. RESULTS Fifty-four of the 55 incident cases (98%) of bilateral lower extremity inflammatory lymphedema occurred during the first 120 hours of training. Alterations in the timing of the military footwear used and selected vaccine administration had no effect on the incidence of new cases. Two participants (4%) experienced symptom onset before receipt of the vaccines. Oral antimicrobial medications were not found to speed symptom resolution compared with conservative treatment measures (P = .34). One incident case was diagnosed as leukocytoclastic vasculitis by tissue examination. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Multiple training-related risk factors were ruled out as sources of bilateral lower extremity inflammatory lymphedema. Cases are likely secondary to prolonged standing with resultant gravity-dependent venous congestion and inflammatory vasculitis. The potential roles of undiagnosed venous reflux disease and the military physical training environment in these cases remain to be elucidated. C1 [Fajardo, Kevin A.] US Air Force Acad, Aeromed Squadron 10th, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Keller, Patrick] US Air Force, Med Support Agcy, San Antonio, TX USA. [Kobayashi, Todd; Hivnor, Chad M.] Lackland AFB, Joint Base San Antonio, Med Wing Dermatol Clin 59, San Antonio, TX USA. [Webber, Bryant J.; Federinko, Susan P.; Tchandja, Juste] Lackland AFB, Joint Base San Antonio, Med Operat Squadron 559, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Fajardo, KA (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Aeromed Squadron 10th, 2355 Fac Dr,1N207, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM kevin.fajardo@us.af.mil NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 2168-6068 EI 2168-6084 J9 JAMA DERMATOL JI JAMA Dermatol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 151 IS 4 BP 395 EP 400 DI 10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.3794 PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA CF6FI UT WOS:000352652000009 PM 25607253 ER PT J AU Taft, BS Laun, FF Smith, SM Hengeveld, DW AF Taft, Brent S. Laun, Fritz F. Smith, Sally M. Hengeveld, Derek W. TI Microgravity Performance of a Structurally Embedded Oscillating Heat Pipe SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article AB The oscillating heat pipe is a novel, simply formed, wickless heat pipe that relies on the phase-change-induced motion of a contained working fluid to transport heat between the evaporator (hot end) and condenser (cold end). The improved heat transfer capability, simplicity, and reduced mass of oscillating heat pipes have led to great interest in the oscillating heat pipe. This paper details the terrestrial and microgravity validation of an ultrasonic consolidation manufactured structurally embedded oscillating heat pipe. It is shown that 1) for conditions in which an oscillating heat pipe is terrestrially orientation-independent, it is also likely to be gravity-independent, and 2) for conditions in which an oscillating heat pipe is not terrestrially orientation-independent, it is likely to perform better in microgravity than in a terrestrial environment. Additionally, this test campaign provides evidence that the "knee" found in most oscillating heat pipe performance versus input heat curves roughly corresponds to the point at which 1) oscillating heat pipe performance variation drops off, 2) oscillating heat pipe performance becomes orientation-independent, and 3) the oscillating heat pipe performance becomes gravity-independent. These results can be used to better predict oscillating heat pipe performance using terrestrial test data. C1 [Taft, Brent S.; Laun, Fritz F.; Smith, Sally M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Hengeveld, Derek W.] LoadPath, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. RP Taft, BS (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU Department of Defense (DOD) Space Test Program through the NASA Reduced Gravity Office FX The authors would like to thank the Department of Defense (DOD) Space Test Program for funding of the microgravity aircraft flights through the NASA Reduced Gravity Office. IsoTherm, Z-Prime, and Advanced Structurally Embedded Thermal Spreader (ASETS) were integrated and flown under the direction of the DOD's Space Test Program. Zero-g flights were conducted 17 June and 26 August 2012. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 EI 1533-6808 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD APR PY 2015 VL 29 IS 2 BP 329 EP 337 DI 10.2514/1.T4151 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA CF5GG UT WOS:000352584700012 ER PT J AU Garcia, SMS Ortman, BV Burnett, DG AF Garcia, Shawn M. S. Ortman, Brian V. Burnett, Daniel G. TI Mental Health Diagnoses and Attrition in Air Force Recruits SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID US MILITARY; DISORDERS; PREVALENCE AB Introduction: Mental disorders effect military readiness. Evaluating the frequency and impact of mental health diagnoses (MHD) in recruits, the source of the military workforce, is key to identifying opportunities for screening and prevention. Objectives: This study assessed the relationship between MHD in the Air Force recruit population and time to discharge. Methods: A recruit cohort at Lackland Air Force Base was followed through Basic Military Training, technical school, and 14 months of service using data from Trainee Health Online Reporting System. Incidence rate of MHD was calculated. A risk ratio and attributable fraction were calculated for attrition comparing recruits with MHD to recruits receiving other diagnoses (non-MHD). A survival analysis was performed on recruits with MHD compared to those with non-MHD. Results: Incidence of MHD was 7.9%. A recruit with a MHD was 4.28 (95% CI = 4.04-4.54) times more likely to separate in the first 14 months of service as compared to a recruit with a non-MHD. Conclusions: Recruits with MHD were separated faster and more often when compared to non-MHD. This study increases visibility of mental health disorders in recruits as a step toward better identifying those at higher risk of attrition. C1 [Garcia, Shawn M. S.; Burnett, Daniel G.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Ortman, Brian V.] Publ Hlth Flight, Langley Afb, VA 23665 USA. RP Garcia, SMS (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2015 VL 180 IS 4 BP 436 EP 444 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00311 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CF6UJ UT WOS:000352691600011 PM 25826349 ER PT J AU Brown, GW Sandstrom, MM Preston, DN Pollard, CJ Warner, KF Sorensen, DN Remmers, DL Phillips, JJ Shelley, TJ Reyes, JA Hsu, PC Reynolds, JG AF Brown, Geoffrey W. Sandstrom, Mary M. Preston, Daniel N. Pollard, Colin J. Warner, Kirstin F. Sorensen, Daniel N. Remmers, Daniel L. Phillips, Jason J. Shelley, Timothy J. Reyes, Jose A. Hsu, Peter C. Reynolds, John G. TI Statistical Analysis of an Inter-Laboratory Comparison of Small-Scale Safety and Thermal Testing of RDX SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE Small-scale safety testing; Thermal screening; RDX; Round-robin test; Proficiency test; Statistical evaluation ID REDUCED-SENSITIVITY RDX AB The Integrated Data Collection Analysis (IDCA) program has conducted a proficiency test for small-scale safety and thermal (SSST) testing of homemade explosives (HMEs). Described here are statistical analyses of the results from this test for impact, friction, electrostatic discharge, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis of the RDX Class 5 Type II standard. The material was tested as a well-characterized standard several times during the proficiency test to assess differences among participants and the range of results that may arise for well-behaved explosive materials. The analyses show there are detectable differences among the results from IDCA participants. While these differences are statistically significant, most of them can be justified for comparison purposes to assess potential variability when laboratories attempt to measure identical samples using methods assumed to be nominally the same. The results presented in this report include the average sensitivity results from the IDCA participants and the ranges of values obtained. The ranges represent variation about the mean values of the tests of between 26% and 42%. The magnitude of this variation is attributed to differences in operator, method, and environment as well as the use of different instruments that are also of varying age. The results appear to be a good representation of results generated by the broader safety testing community based on the range of methods, instruments, and environments included in the IDCA proficiency test. C1 [Brown, Geoffrey W.; Sandstrom, Mary M.; Preston, Daniel N.; Pollard, Colin J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Warner, Kirstin F.; Sorensen, Daniel N.; Remmers, Daniel L.] NSWC IHD, Indian Head, MD USA. [Phillips, Jason J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Shelley, Timothy J.] Bur Alcohol Tobacco & Firearms, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. [Reyes, Jose A.] Appl Res Associates, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. [Hsu, Peter C.; Reynolds, John G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Brown, GW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM reynolds3@llnl.gov FU Los Alamos National Laboratory; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Sandia National Laboratories; Air Force Research Laboratory; Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare - U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Explosives Division; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; [HSHQDC10X00414] FX The authors thank Doug Bauer, Laura J. Parker, and Greg Struba for their enthusiastic support. This work was performed by the Integrated Data Collection Analysis (IDCA) Program, a five-lab effort supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, the Air Force Research Laboratory, and Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare under sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Explosives Division. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The Air Force Research Laboratory and Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare also performed work in support of this effort under contract HSHQDC10X00414. LLNL-JRNL-653393 (773655). NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 EI 1521-4087 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD APR PY 2015 VL 40 IS 2 BP 221 EP 232 DI 10.1002/prep.201400191 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA CF5XG UT WOS:000352630000010 ER PT J AU Lee, CO Arge, CN Odstrcil, D Millward, G Pizzo, V Lugaz, N AF Lee, C. O. Arge, C. N. Odstrcil, D. Millward, G. Pizzo, V. Lugaz, N. TI Ensemble Modeling of Successive Halo CMEs: A Case Study SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Ensemble modeling; Coronal mass ejections, modeling; Solar wind, modeling; Solar wind, observations ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-WIND; SUN; HELIOSPHERE; PROPAGATION; SECCHI; LASCO; EARTH AB The Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA)-Enlil cone modeling system is used for making routine arrival-time forecasts of Earth-directed halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs), since they typically produce the most geoeffective events. A major objective of this work is to better understand the sensitivity of the WSA-Enlil modeling results to input model parameters and how these parameters contribute to the overall model uncertainty and performance. In this study, ensemble-modeling results for a succession of three halo CME events that occurred on 2 -aEuro parts per thousand 4 August 2011 are presented. We investigate the sensitivity of the modeled CME arrival times to small variations in the input-cone properties by creating ensemble sets of numerical simulations for each CME event, based on multiple sets of cone parameters. We find that the accuracy of the modeled CME arrival times not only depends on the small variations to the initial input geometry, but also on the reliable specification of the background solar wind, which is driven by the input maps of the photospheric magnetic field. The accuracy in the arrival-time predictions also depends on whether the cone parameters for all three CMEs are specified in a single WSA-Enlil simulation. The inclusion or exclusion of one or two of the preceding CMEs affects the solar-wind conditions through which the succeeding CME propagates. Although the accuracy of the modeled arrival times is sensitive to the input maps that are used to drive the background solar wind, the spread in the modeling ensemble remains mostly unchanged when different input maps are used. C1 [Lee, C. O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Arge, C. N.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Odstrcil, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Millward, G.; Pizzo, V.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Lugaz, N.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Lugaz, N.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Lee, CO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM clee@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Lugaz, Noe/C-1284-2008; OI Lugaz, Noe/0000-0002-1890-6156; Lee, Christina/0000-0002-1604-3326 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Institute for Scientific Research at Boston College; NASA [NNX15AB87G] FX This research was performed while C. Lee held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate in Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico. C. Lee was also supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Institute for Scientific Research at Boston College.; N. Lugaz was supported by NASA grant number NNX15AB87G. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD APR PY 2015 VL 290 IS 4 BP 1207 EP 1229 DI 10.1007/s11207-015-0667-2 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CF6YU UT WOS:000352703700010 ER PT J AU Hong, VA Yoneoka, S Messana, MW Graham, AB Salvia, JC Branchflower, TT Ng, EJ Kenny, TW AF Hong, Vu A. Yoneoka, Shingo Messana, Matthew W. Graham, Andrew B. Salvia, James C. Branchflower, Todd T. Ng, Eldwin J. Kenny, Thomas W. TI Fatigue Experiments on Single Crystal Silicon in an Oxygen-Free Environment SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Fatigue; microelectromechanical devices; packaging ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; STRUCTURAL FILMS; CRACK-GROWTH; FAILURE; MECHANISMS; STABILITY; SPECIMENS; DEVICES; LAYER AB The fatigue lifetime of single crystal silicon (SCS) was characterized in an environment free of oxygen, humidity, and organics. Long-term (>10(10) Hz) fatigue experiments performed with smooth-walled SCS devices showed no signs of fatigue damage up to 7.5 GPa. In contrast, experiments using SCS devices with a silicon dioxide (SiO2) coating and rough sidewalls due to scalloping from deep reactive ion etching exhibited fatigue drift at 2.7 GPa and suffered from short-term (< 10(10) Hz) fatigue failure at stress levels >3 GPa. In these SCS-SiO2 experiments, the initiation of fracture occurs in the SiO2 layer. It is concluded that fatigue in this case is likely attributed to a subcritical cracking mechanism; not reaction-layer nor dislocation related. A cross-comparison with other works from literature is developed to show that packaging a pristine device in an inert environment is necessary in order to operate devices at high-stress levels. C1 [Hong, Vu A.; Graham, Andrew B.; Ng, Eldwin J.; Kenny, Thomas W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Yoneoka, Shingo] mCube Inc, San Jose, CA 95131 USA. [Messana, Matthew W.] SkyBox Imaging, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Salvia, James C.] InvenSense Corp, San Jose, CA 95110 USA. [Branchflower, Todd T.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hong, VA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM vuhong@stanford.edu; syoneoka@gmail.com; mmessana@gmail.com; andrew.blake.graham@gmail.com; jimsalvia@gmail.com; kenny@cdr.stanford.edu FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency through the N/MEMS S&T Fundamentals Program; National Nanofabrication Users Network facilities through the National Science Foundation [ECS-9731294] FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency through the N/MEMS S&T Fundamentals Program, and in part by the National Nanofabrication Users Network facilities through the National Science Foundation under Award ECS-9731294. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 EI 1941-0158 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD APR PY 2015 VL 24 IS 2 BP 351 EP 359 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2014.2331231 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CF1BI UT WOS:000352278200013 ER PT J AU Eliasson, B Milikh, G Shao, X Mishin, EV Papadopoulos, K AF Eliasson, B. Milikh, G. Shao, X. Mishin, E. V. Papadopoulos, K. TI Incidence angle dependence of Langmuir turbulence and artificial ionospheric layers driven by high-power HF-heating SO JOURNAL OF PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We have numerically investigated the development of strong Langmuir turbulence (SLT) and associated electron acceleration at different angles of incidence of ordinary (O) mode pump waves. For angles of incidence within the Spitze cone, the turbulence initially develops within the first maximum of the Airy pattern near the plasma resonance altitude. After a few milliseconds, the turbulent layer shifts downwards by about 1 km. For injections outside the Spitze region, the turning point of the pump wave is at lower altitudes. Yet, an Airy-like pattern forms here, and the turbulence development is quite similar to that for injections within the Spitze. SLT leads to the acceleration of 10-20 eV electrons that ionize the neutral gas thereby creating artificial ionospheric layers. Our numerical modeling shows that most efficient electron acceleration and ionization occur at angles between the magnetic and geographic zenith, where SLT dominates over weak turbulence. Possible effects of the focusing of the electromagnetic beam on magnetic field-aligned density irregularities and the finite heating beam width at the magnetic zenith are also discussed. The results have relevance to ionospheric heating experiments using ground-based, high-power radio transmitters to heat the overhead plasma, where recent observations of artificial ionization layers have been made. C1 [Eliasson, B.; Milikh, G.; Shao, X.; Papadopoulos, K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys & Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Eliasson, B.] Univ Strathclyde, SUPA, Dept Phys, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Mishin, E. V.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Eliasson, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys & Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM bengt.eliasson@strath.ac.uk RI Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016 FU DARPA [N684228]; BAE Systems; MURI [N000140710789, FA95501410019]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported by DARPA via a subcontract N684228 with BAE Systems and also by the MURI grants N000140710789 and FA95501410019. EVM was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-3778 EI 1469-7807 J9 J PLASMA PHYS JI J. Plasma Phys. PD APR PY 2015 VL 81 AR 415810201 DI 10.1017/S0022377814000968 PN 2 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CE9WL UT WOS:000352194000010 ER PT J AU Schneeloch, J Knarr, SH Howland, GA Howell, JC AF Schneeloch, James Knarr, Samuel H. Howland, Gregory A. Howell, John C. TI Demonstrating continuous variable Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering in spite of finite experimental capabilities using Fano steering bounds SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; COMMUNICATION; STATES; KEY AB We show how one can demonstrate continuous-variable Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering without needing to characterize entire measurement probability distributions. To do this, we develop a modified Fano inequality useful for discrete measurements of continuous variables and use it to bound the conditional uncertainties in continuous-variable entropic EPR-steering inequalities. With these bounds, we show how one can hedge against experimental limitations including a finite detector size, dead space between pixels, and any such factors that impose an incomplete sampling of the true measurement probability distribution. Furthermore, we use experimental data from the position and momentum statistics of entangled photon pairs in parametric downconversion to show that this method is sufficiently sensitive for practical use. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Schneeloch, James; Knarr, Samuel H.; Howell, John C.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Schneeloch, James; Knarr, Samuel H.; Howell, John C.] Univ Rochester, Ctr Coherence & Quantum Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Howland, Gregory A.] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Schneeloch, J (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM jschneel@pas.rochester.edu FU DARPA DSO InPho [W911NF-10-1-0404]; DARPA DSO [W31P4Q-12-1-0015]; AFOSR [FA9550-13-1-0019] FX We gratefully acknowledge Daniel J. Lum's contributions in streamlining our measurement process, as well as support from DARPA DSO InPho Grant No. W911NF-10-1-0404, DARPA DSO Grant No. W31P4Q-12-1-0015, and AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-13-1-0019. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 32 IS 4 BP A8 EP A14 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.32.0000A8 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA CE9CZ UT WOS:000352142500003 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, S Wolff, R Meade, J Detweiler, R Maurer, R Mitchell, S Guss, P Lacy, JL Sun, L Athanasiades, A AF Mukhopadhyay, Sanjoy Wolff, Ronald Meade, John Detweiler, Ryan Maurer, Richard Mitchell, Stephen Guss, Paul Lacy, Jeffrey L. Sun, Liang Athanasiades, Athanasios TI NEUTRON MULTIPLICITY MEASUREMENTS WITH He-3 ALTERNATIVE: STRAW NEUTRON DETECTORS SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neutron multiplicity; fission meter; straw neutron detector AB Counting neutrons emitted by special nuclear material (SNM) and differentiating them from the background neutrons of various origins is the most effective passive means of detecting SNM. Unfortunately, neutron detection, counting, and partitioning in a maritime environment are complex due to the presence of high-multiplicity spallation neutrons (commonly known as "ship effect") and to the complicated nature of the neutron scattering in that environment. A prototype neutron detector was built using B-10 as the converter in a special form factor called "straws" that would address the above problems by looking into the details of multiplicity distributions of neutrons originating from a fissioning source. This paper describes the straw neutron multiplicity counter (NMC) and assesses the performance with those of a commercially available fission meter. The prototype straw neutron detector provides a large-area, efficient, lightweight, more granular (than fission meter) neutron-responsive detection surface (to facilitate imaging) to enhance the ease of application of fission meters. Presented here are the results of preliminary investigations, modeling, and engineering considerations leading to the construction of this prototype. This design is capable of multiplicity and Feynman variance measurements. This prototype may lead to a near-term solution to the crisis that has arisen from the global scarcity of He-3 by offering a viable alternative to fission meters. This paper describes the work performed during a 2-year site-directed research and development (SDRD) project that incorporated straw detectors for neutron multiplicity counting. The NMC is a two-panel detector system. We used B-10 (in the form of enriched boron carbide: (B4C)-B-10) for neutron detection instead of He-3. In the first year, the project worked with a panel of straw neutron detectors, investigated its characteristics, and developed a data acquisition (DAQ) system to collect neutron multiplicity information from spontaneous fission sources using a single panel consisting of 60 straws equally distributed over three rows in high-density polyethylene moderator. In the following year, we developed the field-programmable gate array and associated DAQ software. This SDRD effort successfully produced a prototype NMC with similar to 33% detection efficiency compared to a commercial fission meter. C1 [Mukhopadhyay, Sanjoy; Wolff, Ronald; Meade, John; Detweiler, Ryan; Maurer, Richard] Remote Sensing Lab Andrews, Andrews AFB, MD USA. [Mitchell, Stephen] Nat Secur Technol LLC, North Las Vegas Operat, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Guss, Paul] Remote Sensing Lab Nellis, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Lacy, Jeffrey L.; Sun, Liang; Athanasiades, Athanasios] Proport Technol Inc, Houston, TX 77054 USA. RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), Remote Sensing Lab Andrews, Bldg 1783,Arnold Ave, Andrews AFB, MD USA. EM mukhops@nv.doe.gov FU National Security Technologies, LLC [DE-AC52-06NA25946]; U.S. Department of Energy; SDRD program FX This manuscript has been authored by National Security Technologies, LLC, under contract DE-AC52-06NA25946 with the U.S. Department of Energy and supported by the SDRD program. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 EI 1943-7471 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 190 IS 1 BP 28 EP 35 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA CF6PG UT WOS:000352678000003 ER PT J AU Rajabi, S Saremi, M Barnaby, HJ Edwards, A Kozicki, MN Mitkova, M Mahalanabis, D Gonzalez-Velo, Y Mahmud, A AF Rajabi, S. Saremi, M. Barnaby, H. J. Edwards, A. Kozicki, M. N. Mitkova, M. Mahalanabis, D. Gonzalez-Velo, Y. Mahmud, A. TI Static impedance behavior of programmable metallization cells SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Chalcogenide; Impedance; Parametric model; Programmable metallization cells; Resistive RAM (ReRAM); Nano-ionic memory ID RESISTIVE SWITCHING MEMORIES; GE-SE GLASSES; THIN-FILMS; ANALOG MEMRISTORS; AG; CHALCOGENIDES; ELECTROLYTES; METAL AB Programmable metallization cell (PMC) devices work by growing and dissolving a conducting metallic bridge across a chalcogenide glass (ChG) solid electrolyte, which changes the resistance of the cell. PMC operation relies on the incorporation of metal ions in the ChG films via photo-doping to lower the off-state resistance and stabilize resistive switching, and subsequent transport of these ions by electric fields induced from an externally applied bias. In this paper, the static on- and off-state resistance of a PMC device composed of a layered (Ag-rich/Ag-poor) Ge30Se70 ChG film with active Ag and inert Ni electrodes is characterized and modeled using three dimensional simulation code. Calibrating the model to experimental data enables the extraction of device parameters such as material bandgaps, workfuncdons, density of states, carrier mobilities, dielectric constants, and affinities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rajabi, S.; Saremi, M.; Barnaby, H. J.; Kozicki, M. N.; Mahalanabis, D.; Gonzalez-Velo, Y.; Mahmud, A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Edwards, A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Mitkova, M.] Boise State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Rajabi, S (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Goldwater Ctr, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Room 317,650 E Tyler Mall,POB 878406, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM srajabi@asu.edu RI Gonzalez Velo, Yago/L-6505-2015; OI Gonzalez Velo, Yago/0000-0003-0113-0408; Saremi, Mehdi/0000-0001-5041-5886 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-11-1-0055]; NSF I/UCRC Center for Embedded Systems (NSF) [0856090]; Air Force Research Laboratory Det 8/RVKVE [FA9452-13-1-0288] FX This work was funded in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under Grant No. HDTRA1-11-1-0055, the NSF I/UCRC Center for Embedded Systems (NSF Award No. 0856090) and Air Force Research Laboratory Det 8/RVKVE under Grant No. FA9452-13-1-0288. The authors would like to thank Dr. James Reed of DTRA for his support of this work. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 EI 1879-2405 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD APR PY 2015 VL 106 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2014.12.019 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA CF7OV UT WOS:000352747100004 ER PT J AU Parco, JE Levy, DA Spears, SR AF Parco, James E. Levy, David A. Spears, Sarah R. TI Transgender Military Personnel in the Post-DADT Repeal Era: A Phenomenological Study SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE transgender; LGBT; gender dysphoria; phenomenology; military ID DONT TELL; POLICY; ASK AB This study is the first to systematically inquire into the lives of transgender men and women currently serving across the branches of the US military in the post-Don't Ask, Don't Tell (DADT) repeal era. We employed an interview protocol from a stratified convenience sample (n = 14) of clandestinely serving active duty, guard and reserve military members from the US Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps who self-identified as transgender or transsexual. Using phenomenology as a methodological foundation, we present a revelatory case study based on lived experiences from firsthand accounts furthering the collective understanding of gender dysphoria in a contemporary military context. C1 [Parco, James E.] Colorado Coll, Dept Econ & Business, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. [Levy, David A.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Spears, Sarah R.] Amer Civil Liberties Union Colorado, Denver, CO USA. RP Parco, JE (reprint author), Dept Econ & Business, 14 E Cache La Poudre St, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. EM jim.parco@coloradocollege.edu FU Palm Center's Transgender Military Initiative; Social Science Division at Colorado College FX The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was graciously supported by grants from both the Palm Center's Transgender Military Initiative and the Social Science Division at Colorado College. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X EI 1556-0848 J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD APR PY 2015 VL 41 IS 2 BP 221 EP 242 DI 10.1177/0095327X14530112 PG 22 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA CE1TN UT WOS:000351595000002 ER PT J AU Rankin, BA Ihme, M Gore, JP AF Rankin, Brent A. Ihme, Matthias Gore, Jay P. TI Quantitative model-based imaging of mid-infrared radiation from a turbulent nonpremixed jet flame and plume SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Turbulent nonpremixed flame; Flame radiation; Buoyancy; Large eddy simulations; Non-intrusive measurements; Infrared imaging ID LAMINAR DIFFUSION FLAMES; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; SPECTRAL RADIATION; PREMIXED FLAMES; HEAT-TRANSFER; FLOWS; METHANE AB Current understanding of turbulent reacting flows can be improved by novel quantitative comparisons using highly scalable visualization methods based on volume rendering of time-dependent mid-infrared intensities in the form of images with multiple view angles. In this work, the effects of radiation and buoyancy in a turbulent nonpremixed flame and plume are studied by quantitatively comparing measured and computed images of the mid-infrared radiation intensity. To this end, a turbulent nonpremixed jet flame (Reynolds number 15,200 and CH4/H-2/N-2 fuel composition) is considered, representing a benchmark flame configuration of the International Workshop on Measurement and Computation of Turbulent Nonpremixed Flames (TNF Workshop). Quantitative images of the radiation intensity from the flame are acquired using a calibrated high-speed mid-infrared camera and band-pass filters. The camera and filters enable time-dependent measurements of radiation from water vapor and carbon dioxide over the entire flame length and beyond. Results of the solution to the radiative transfer equation are rendered in the form of images using scalar values from large eddy simulations (LES) and a narrowband radiation model. Planar images obtained from experiments and simulations for the radiation intensity display qualitatively comparable features, including localized regions of high and low intensity that are characteristic of turbulent flames. The quantitative comparison of the measured and computed temperature profiles and radiation intensities, particularly in the plume region downstream of the stoichiometric flame length, indicate that including radiation heat loss is important even for weakly radiating flames. The results demonstrate that quantitative experimental and model-based imaging of mid-infrared radiation intensity is useful for assessing the results of narrowband radiation and combustion models. (C) 2014 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rankin, Brent A.; Gore, Jay P.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rankin, Brent A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ihme, Matthias] Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Rankin, BA (reprint author), 1790 Loop Rd, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brent.rankin.ctr@us.af.mil RI Rankin, Brent/A-1598-2017 OI Rankin, Brent/0000-0002-5967-9527 FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors thank Dr. Robert Barlow and Dr. Gaetano Magnotti for collaborating on the radiation intensity measurements of the turbulent nonpremixed flame acquired at the Sandia National Laboratories Combustion Research Facility. Computational simulations were performed using resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD APR PY 2015 VL 162 IS 4 BP 1275 EP 1283 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.10.019 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CE4IK UT WOS:000351794100032 ER PT J AU Gocha, TP Ingvoldstad, ME Kolatorowicz, A Cosgriff-Hernandez, MTJ Sciulli, PW AF Gocha, Timothy P. Ingvoldstad, Megan E. Kolatorowicz, Adam Cosgriff-Hernandez, Meghan-Tomasita J. Sciulli, Paul W. TI Testing the applicability of six macroscopic skeletal aging techniques on a modern Southeast Asian sample SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Forensic anthropology population data; Forensic anthropology; Skeletal age estimation; Human aging variability; Conditional probability; Southeast Asia ID AURICULAR SURFACE; AGE ESTIMATION; REVISED METHOD; PHASE-ANALYSIS; OS-PUBIS; DEATH; ILIUM; RIB AB Most macroscopic skeletal aging techniques used by forensic anthropologists have been developed and tested only on reference material from western populations. This study examined the performance of six aging techniques on a known age sample of 88 Southeast Asian individuals. Methods examined included the Suchey-Brooks method of aging the symphyseal face of the os pubis (Brooks and Suchey, Hum. Evol. 5 (1990) 227), Buckberry and Chamberlain's, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 119 (2002) 231 and Osborne et al.'s, J. Forensic Sci. 49 (2004) 1 revisions of the Lovejoy et al., Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 68 (1985) 15 method of aging the auricular surface of the ilium, Iscan et al.'s, J. Forensic Sci. 29 (1984) 1094, Iscan et al.'s, J. Forensic Sci. 30 (1985) 853 method of aging the sternal end of the fourth rib, and Meindl and Lovejoy's, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 68 (1985) 57 methods for aging both lateral-anterior and vault sutures on the cranium. The results of this study indicate that application of aging techniques commonly used in forensic anthropology to individuals identified as Asian, and more specifically Southeast Asian, should not be undertaken injudiciously. Of the six individual methods tested here, the Suchey-Brooks pubic symphysis aging method performs best, though average age estimates were still off by nearly 10 years or greater. Methods for aging the auricular surface perform next best, though the Osborne et al. method works better for individuals below 50 years and the Buckberry and Chamberlain method works better for those above 50 years. Methods for age estimation from the sternal ends of the fourth rib and vault and lateral-anterior cranial sutures perform poorly and are not recommended for use on remains of Southeast Asian ancestry. Combining age estimates from multiple indicators, specifically the pubic symphysis and one auricular surface method, was superior to individual methods. Data and a worked example are provided for calculating the conditional probability that an individual belongs to a particular age decade, though overall age estimates may still be broad. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gocha, Timothy P.; Kolatorowicz, Adam; Sciulli, Paul W.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Gocha, Timothy P.] Ohio State Univ, Div Anat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ingvoldstad, Megan E.; Cosgriff-Hernandez, Meghan-Tomasita J.] Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam Afb, HI 96853 USA. RP Gocha, TP (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Anthropol, 4034 Smith Lab,174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM gocha.3@osu.edu OI Gocha, Timothy/0000-0003-0582-8328 FU JPAC/CIL Forensic Science Academy; Student Research Participation Program at the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command/Central Identification Laboratory FX The authors would like to acknowledge the individuals, known in Thai as "Ajarn Yai'' and meaning "Great Teacher,'' who graciously donated their remains to Khon Kaen University and made this project possible. Additional thanks to Professor and Dr. Panya Tuamsuk of the Department of Anatomy at the Khon Kaen University Medical School for kindly providing access to the skeletal material in this study. Thanks also to Dr. Robert Mann and all of the support provided by the JPAC/CIL Forensic Science Academy, and also Dr. Mark Hubbe for suggestions and comments on the manuscript. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Student Research Participation Program at the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command/Central Identification Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and JPAC/CIL. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 EI 1872-6283 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD APR PY 2015 VL 249 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.12.015 PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA CE6LG UT WOS:000351947300048 ER PT J AU Hill, EM Sky, K Sit, M Collamer, A Higgs, J AF Hill, Erica M. Sky, Karen Sit, Michelle Collamer, Angelique Higgs, Jay TI Does Starting Allopurinol Prolong Acute Treated Gout? A Randomized Clinical Trial SO JCR-JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gout; crystal; allopurinol ID UPDATED GUIDELINES; HYPERURICEMIA; HEALTH AB Background: Traditionally, allopurinol is not initiated during an acute gout attack to avoid prolonging the painful arthritis. The 2012 American College of Rheumatology Guidelines for the Management of Gout suggest that urate-lowering therapy can be started during an acute attack, based on "consensus opinion of experts, case studies, or standard of care." Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether initiating allopurinol will adversely affect the resolution of acute, treated gout. Methods: We conducted a 28-day, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of allopurinol initiation in patients with acute gout. Patients with crystal-proven gout by arthrocentesis were enrolled if they presented to the rheumatology clinic with an acute gout attack within 72 hours from initial therapy. The patients were also required to meet at least 1 additional criterion for urate-lowering therapy including (1) the presence of gouty tophi, (2) more than 1 acute gout attack per year, (3) a history of nephrolithiasis, or (4) urate overproduction (>1000 mg in 24-hour urine collection). Patients were excluded from the study if they had a glomerular filtration rate of less than 50 or liver function test of greater than 1.25 times the upper limit of normal. The treating physician determined therapy for the acute gout attack. Standard prophylaxis, with colchicine or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, was prescribed. Allopurinol or placebo was initiated at 100 mg daily for the first 14 days and then increased to 200 mg daily for the next 14 days. The primary end point was protocol defined days to resolution of acute gout, incorporating patient-rated joint pain and physician examination. Secondary measures included Physician Global Assessment, patient-rated pain, adverse effects of therapy, and serum uric acid. Results: Thirty-one patients (17 on placebo, 14 on allopurinol) completed the study. Both intent-to-treat and completer analyses showed only a statistically insignificant difference in days to resolution (15.4 days in the allopurinol group completers vs 13.4 days in the placebo group; P = 0.5). The secondary measures revealed that the acute phase of pain rapidly improved in both groups. Conclusions: We initiated allopurinol at low doses during an acute gout attack in patients who met criteria for starting urate-lowering therapy and did not have abnormal kidney or liver function. In this cohort, allopurinol did not prolong the acute, treated attack. C1 [Hill, Erica M.; Higgs, Jay] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Sky, Karen] Alaska Vet Affairs Healthcare Syst, Anchorage, AK USA. [Sit, Michelle] David Grant US Air Force Med Ctr, Fairfield, CA USA. [Collamer, Angelique] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Hill, EM (reprint author), JBSA Ft Sam, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Erica.m.hill.mil@mail.mil NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1076-1608 EI 1536-7355 J9 JCR-J CLIN RHEUMATOL JI JCR-J. Clin. Rheumatol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 21 IS 3 BP 120 EP 125 DI 10.1097/RHU.0000000000000235 PG 6 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA CE5PO UT WOS:000351887800002 PM 25807090 ER PT J AU Stevans, JM Bise, CG Mcgee, JC Miller, DL Rockar, P Delitto, A AF Stevans, Joel M. Bise, Christopher G. Mcgee, John C. Miller, Debora L. Rockar, Paul, Jr. Delitto, Anthony TI Evidence-Based Practice Implementation: Case Report of the Evolution of a Quality Improvement Program in a Multicenter Physical Therapy Organization SO PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; ALBERTA CONTEXT TOOL; HEALTH-CARE; GUIDELINES; SCIENCE; TRANSLATION; STRATEGIES; ADHERENCE; FRAMEWORK; ATTITUDES AB Background and Purpose. Our nation's suboptimal health care quality and unsustainable costs can be linked to the failure to implement evidence-based interventions. Implementation is the bridge between the decision to adopt a strategy and its sustained use in practice. The purpose of this case report is threefold: (1) to outline the historical implementation of an evidence-based quality improvement project, (2) to describe the program's future direction using a systems perspective to identify implementation barriers, and (3) to provide implications for the profession as it works toward closing the evidence-to-practice gap. Case Description. The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Centers for Rehab Services is a large, multicenter physical therapy organization. In 2005, they implemented a Low Back Initiative utilizing evidence-based protocols to guide clinical decision making. Outcomes. The initial implementation strategy used a multifaceted approach. Formative evaluations were used repeatedly to identify barriers to implementation. Barriers may exist outside the organization, they can be created internally, they may result from personnel, or they may be a direct function of the research evidence. Since the program launch, 3 distinct improvement cycles have been utilized to address identified implementation barriers. Discussion. Implementation is an iterative process requiring evaluation, measurement, and refinement. During this period, behavior change is actualized as clinicians become increasingly proficient and committed to their use of new evidence. Successfully incorporating evidence into routine practice requires a systems perspective to account for the complexity of the clinical setting. The value the profession provides can be enhanced by improving the implementation of evidence-based strategies. Achieving this outcome will require a concerted effort in all areas of the profession. New skills will be needed by leaders, researchers, managers, and clinicians. C1 [Stevans, Joel M.; Bise, Christopher G.; Miller, Debora L.; Delitto, Anthony] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. [Mcgee, John C.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Miller, Debora L.; Rockar, Paul, Jr.; Delitto, Anthony] UPMC, Ctr Rehab Serv, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Stevans, JM (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Therapy, 100 Technol Dr,Ste 210, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. EM jms363@pitt.edu OI Stevans, Joel/0000-0001-8642-9446 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 N FAIRFAX ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0031-9023 EI 1538-6724 J9 PHYS THER JI Phys. Ther. PD APR PY 2015 VL 95 IS 4 BP 588 EP 599 DI 10.2522/ptj.20130541 PG 12 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation GA CE8VE UT WOS:000352121400010 PM 25573756 ER PT J AU Murphy, KD McCartney, JS Henry, KS AF Murphy, Kyle D. McCartney, John S. Henry, Karen S. TI Evaluation of thermo-mechanical and thermal behavior of full-scale energy foundations SO ACTA GEOTECHNICA LA English DT Article DE Deep foundations; Geothermal heat exchange; Thermal response test; Thermo-mechanical behavior ID PILE; PERFORMANCE AB Eight full-scale energy foundations were constructed for a new building at the US Air Force Academy. The foundations are being used to demonstrate this technology to the United States Department of Defense and have several experimental features in order to study their thermal-mechanical behavior. Three of the foundations are instrumented with strain gages and thermistors, and their thermo-mechanical response during a heating and cooling test was evaluated. For a temperature increase of 18 degrees C, the maximum thermal axial stress ranged from 4.0 to 5.1 MPa, which is approximately 25 % of the compressive strength of concrete (estimated at 21 MPa), and the maximum upward displacement ranged from 1.4 to 1.7 mm, which should not cause angular distortions sufficient enough to cause structural or aesthetic damage of the building. The end restraint provided by the building was observed to change depending on the location of the foundation. The heat flux per meter was measured by evaluating the temperatures and flow rates of a heat exchanger fluid entering and exiting the foundations. The heat flux values were consistent with those in the literature, and the foundation with the three continuous heat exchanger loops was found to have the greatest heat flux per meter. The transient thermal conductivity of the subsurface measured using the temperatures of the subsurface surrounding the foundation ranged from 2.0 to 2.3 W/mK, which is consistent with results from thermal response tests on energy foundations reported in the literature. C1 [Murphy, Kyle D.; McCartney, John S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Henry, Karen S.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Civil Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP McCartney, JS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kyle.murphy@colorado.edu; john.mccartney@colorado.edu; karen.henry@usafa.edu FU DoD ESTCP project [EW-201153] FX Support from DoD ESTCP project EW-201153 is gratefully acknowledged, as are the contributions of the 819th Air Force RED HORSE Squadron, who provided support for the heating test. The views in the paper are those of the authors alone. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 18 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1861-1125 EI 1861-1133 J9 ACTA GEOTECH JI Acta Geotech. PD APR PY 2015 VL 10 IS 2 BP 179 EP 195 DI 10.1007/s11440-013-0298-4 PG 17 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA CE0UC UT WOS:000351521500001 ER PT J AU Juliano, TJ Borg, MP Schneider, SP AF Juliano, Thomas J. Borg, Matthew P. Schneider, Steven P. TI Quiet Tunnel Measurements of HIFiRE-5 Boundary-Layer Transition SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LAMINAR-TURBULENT TRANSITION; HEAT-FLUX MEASUREMENTS; AERODYNAMIC NOISE; ELLIPTIC CONE; WIND TUNNELS; FLOW; ROUGHNESS; STABILITY AB The Hypersonic International Flight Research Experimentation (HIFiRE) program is a hypersonic flight test program executed by the Air Force Research Laboratory and Australian Defence Science and Technology Organisation. The principal goal of HIFiRE flight five is to measure hypersonic boundary-layer transition on a three-dimensional body. The HIFiRE flight tests are supported by a ground test campaign; this paper presents measurements of heat flux and boundary-layer transition in the Boeing/AFOSR Mach-6 Quiet Tunnel. This facility has been developed to provide quiet flow at high Reynolds number, with low noise levels comparable to flight. This tunnel's good optical access enabled global measurement of the heat flux by means of temperature-sensitive paint. Two modes of transition were observed: transition along the centerline, suspected to arise from the amplification of second-mode waves in the boundary layer, and transition roughly halfway between the centerline and leading edges, probably due to the breakdown of crossflow vortices. Reducing the noise level from conventional to quiet substantially delayed both transition modes. Increasing the angle of attack from 0 to 4deg delayed the crossflow transition mode on the windward side. Transition moved forward as freestream unit Reynolds number increased from 2.6.10(6)/m to 11.9.10(6)/m. C1 [Juliano, Thomas J.; Borg, Matthew P.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schneider, Steven P.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Juliano, TJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Juliano, Thomas/A-8153-2015 OI Juliano, Thomas/0000-0002-9362-6007 FU AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0191]; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. FX Thanks to Meelan Choudhari and Jeff White of the NASA Langley Computational Aerosciences Branch for providing the results of their CFD analysis. Roger Kimmel suggested numerous improvements for the paper. Shann Rufer aided the interpretation of the NASA Langley results. Joseph Jewell calculated Rekk from the CFD results. This project was funded by the AFOSR under grant FA9550-09-1-0191 supervised by John Schmisseur. Final data analysis was performed while Dr. Juliano held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. This material has been cleared for public release. Case Number 88ABW-2014-3908. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD APR PY 2015 VL 53 IS 4 BP 832 EP 846 DI 10.2514/1.J053189 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CE0BF UT WOS:000351466300003 ER PT J AU Serres, JL Fouts, BL Dukes, SF Maupin, GM Wade, ME AF Serres, Jennifer L. Fouts, Brittany L. Dukes, Susan F. Maupin, Genny M. Wade, Molly E. TI Records Review of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Aeromedical Evacuation Personnel SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; PREVENTING HYPOTHERMIA; MILITARY PERSONNEL; HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; DISORDERS; AIRCREW; RISK; AIR AB Background: Aeromedical evacuation providers care for patients during air transport. By applying standard medical practices, oftentimes developed for ground care, these practitioners perform their mission duties under additional physical stress in this unique medical environment. Awkward postures and excessive forces are common occurrences among personnel operating in this domain. Additionally, anecdotal reports highlight the risk of developing musculoskeletal injuries for these providers. Currently, there is limited research focusing on musculoskeletal injuries in aeromedical evacuation providers. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries and associated symptoms in aeromedical evacuation providers to understand the risk and burden of these injuries to military personnel. Methods: This study utilized a retrospective review of military medical records containing ICD-9 codes to investigate the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries within flight nurses and medical technicians compared to their non-flying counterparts from 2006 through 2011. Data were analyzed from 2013 through 2014. Results: Although musculoskeletal injuries were identified within the test populations, results showed fewer injuries for aeromedical evacuation populations compared to non-aeromedical evacuation counterparts. Conclusions: One contributing factor may be a potential under-reporting of musculoskeletal injuries resulting from the fear of being placed on limited flying status. As flyers, aeromedical evacuation personnel must undergo yearly medical examinations and complete training courses that emphasize proper lifting techniques and physical requirements necessary for the safe and efficient transport of patients on various platforms. These additional requirements may create a healthy worker effect, likely contributing to lower musculoskeletal injuries. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Serres, Jennifer L.; Dukes, Susan F.; Maupin, Genny M.] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Dept Aeromed Res, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Fouts, Brittany L.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Wade, Molly E.] Peerless Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Fouts, BL (reprint author), 2510 5th St,Bldg 840, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM brittany.fouts.ctr@us.af.mil FU Department of the Air Force, 711th Human Performance Wing, Defense Health Program; appointment to the Student Research Participation Program at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing FX This work was funded by the Department of the Air Force, 711th Human Performance Wing, Defense Health Program. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Student Research Participation Program at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2015 VL 48 IS 4 BP 365 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.10.017 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA CD7DM UT WOS:000351251000001 PM 25704648 ER PT J AU Grissom, TE Fang, R AF Grissom, Thomas E. Fang, Raymond TI Topical hemostatic agents and dressings in the prehospital setting SO CURRENT OPINION IN ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE chitosan; emergency medical services; hemorrhage; hemostatics; military medicine ID EXTREMITY ARTERIAL HEMORRHAGE; COMBAT CASUALTY CARE; SELF-EXPANDING FOAM; LETHAL GROIN INJURY; SWINE MODEL; UNCONTROLLED HEMORRHAGE; PENETRATING TRAUMA; HEPATIC INJURIES; MRDH BANDAGE; BLOOD-LOSS AB Purpose of review Death from exsanguinating hemorrhage remains a priority in the management of combat casualties and civilian trauma patients with truncal and junctional injuries. Appropriate use of hemostatic agents and dressings in the prehospital setting may allow for earlier control and an improved survival rate. Recent findings Third-generation chitosan-based hemostatic agents and dressings appear to be equally efficacious to the dressing currently deployed by the US military forces in the management of hemorrhage not amenable to tourniquet placement. Unfortunately, a lack of clinical trials places a heavy reliance on anecdotal reports and laboratory studies in agent selection and application. Summary Efficacy of currently available hemostatic agents and dressings appears to have plateaued in recent years although new agents and delivery mechanisms under development may improve control in cases of severe hemorrhage. C1 [Grissom, Thomas E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anesthesiol, Sch Med, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Fang, Raymond] US Air Force, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Grissom, TE (reprint author), R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr, Ste T1R77,22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM tgrissom@umm.edu NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 31 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0952-7907 EI 1473-6500 J9 CURR OPIN ANESTHESIO JI Curr. Opin. Anesthesiol. PD APR PY 2015 VL 28 IS 2 BP 210 EP 216 DI 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000166 PG 7 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA CD8EX UT WOS:000351329100015 PM 25674988 ER PT J AU Banerjee, T Sahni, S Seetharaman, G AF Banerjee, Tania Sahni, Sartaj Seetharaman, Gunasekaran TI PC-TRIO: A Power Efficient TCAM Architecture for Packet Classifiers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE Packet classifier; incremental updates; power; TCAM ID MULTIBIT TRIES; ROUTING TABLES; CLASSIFICATION; ALGORITHM; DELAY AB PC-TRIO is an indexed TCAM architecture for packet classification. In addition to index TCAMs, PC-TRIO uses wide SRAM words. On our packet classifier data sets, PC-TRIO reduced TCAM power by 96 percent and lookup time by 98 percent on an average, compared to PC-DUOS+ [28] that does not use indexing or wide SRAMs. PC-DUOS+ was shown to be better than STCAM, which is a single TCAM architecture conventionally used for packet classification [28]. In this paper, we also extend PC-DUOS+ by augmenting it with wide SRAMs and index TCAMs using the same methodology as used in PC-TRIO, to obtain PC-DUOS+W. On ACL data sets, PCDUOS+W reduced TCAM power by 86 percent and lookup time by 98 percent, compared to PC-DUOS+, which demonstrates the effectiveness of indexing and usage of wide SRAMs in reducing power and lookup time for packet classifiers. C1 [Banerjee, Tania; Sahni, Sartaj] Univ Florida, Dept Comp & Informat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Seetharaman, Gunasekaran] AFRL RITB, Dept Informat Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Banerjee, T (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Comp & Informat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM tmishra@cise.ufl.edu; sahni@cise.ufl.edu; Gunasekaran.Seetharaman@rl.af.mil FU AFRL [FA8750-10-1-0236] FX This material was based upon work funded by AFRL, under AFRL Contract No. FA8750-10-1-0236. (b) Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of AFRL. Approved for public release: (88ABW-2011-4143). NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9340 EI 1557-9956 J9 IEEE T COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Comput. PD APR PY 2015 VL 64 IS 4 BP 1104 EP 1118 DI 10.1109/TC.2014.2315645 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA CD9YW UT WOS:000351458800016 ER PT J AU Christ, JA Heiderscheidt, JL Pickenpaugh, MY Phelan, TJ Pocock, JB Stanford, MS Seely, GE Suermann, PC Twesme, TM AF Christ, John A. Heiderscheidt, Jeffrey L. Pickenpaugh, Monica Y. Phelan, Thomas J. Pocock, James B. Stanford, Matthew S. Seely, Gregory E. Suermann, Patrick C. Twesme, Troy M. TI Incorporating Sustainability and Green Engineering into a Constrained Civil Engineering Curriculum SO JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID EDUCATION; SCIENCE; PROGRAM; COURSES; DESIGN AB Revised Bodies of Knowledge, constituent input, and student demand are motivating the incorporation of sustainability concepts in traditional engineering curricula. While a variety of methods are in development, ranging from introductory engineering courses to capstone experiences to graduate-level treatment, the addition of new topics in an already constrained curriculum is creating a dilemma for many engineering programs. This work presents an example of how sustainability concepts were incorporated in a traditional civil engineering program administered within a constrained four-year curriculum. Using a variety of the treatments recommended in the literature, United States Air Force Academy civil and environmental engineering students learn and apply sustainability concepts at multiple points and in various frameworks during their four-year programs. Student feedback coupled with learning assessments suggest this framework may provide a more generally applicable model for incorporating sustainability concepts within engineering curricula, with particular focus on the civil and environmental engineering disciplines. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Christ, John A.; Heiderscheidt, Jeffrey L.; Pickenpaugh, Monica Y.; Phelan, Thomas J.; Pocock, James B.; Stanford, Matthew S.; Seely, Gregory E.; Suermann, Patrick C.; Twesme, Troy M.] USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Christ, JA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6J-159, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM john.christ@usafa.edu; jeffrey.heiderscheidt@usafa.edu; monica.pickenpaugh@usafa.edu; thomas.phelan@usafa.edu; james.pocock@usafa.edu; matthew.stanford@usafa.edu; gregory.seely@usafa.edu; patrick.suermann@usafa.edu; troy.twesme@usafa.edu RI Phelan, Thomas/H-3089-2013 OI Phelan, Thomas/0000-0003-2270-8416 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 16 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1052-3928 EI 1943-5541 J9 J PROF ISS ENG ED PR JI J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract. PD APR PY 2015 VL 141 IS 2 SI SI AR C4014004 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000226 PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA CE0DC UT WOS:000351473700008 ER PT J AU Hoogland, CE Schurtz, DR Cooper, CM Combs, DJY Brown, EG Smith, RH AF Hoogland, Charles E. Schurtz, D. Ryan Cooper, Chelsea M. Combs, David J. Y. Brown, Edward G. Smith, Richard H. TI The joy of pain and the pain of joy: In-group identification predicts schadenfreude and gluckschmerz following rival groups' fortunes SO MOTIVATION AND EMOTION LA English DT Article DE Schadenfreude; Emotion; Gluckschmerz; Identity; Intergroup relations; Pain ID SOCIAL IDENTITY; INTERGROUP DISCRIMINATION; SELF-EVALUATION; OUT-GROUPS; ENVY; CATEGORIZATION; PLEASURE; COMPETITION; MISFORTUNE; SYMPATHY AB Four studies examined how in-group identification in the domain of sports is associated with schadenfreude in reaction to another group's suffering or gluckschmerz in reaction to another group's good fortune. Schadenfreude increased as a function of in-group identification when the outgroup was a rival team rather than a non-rival team in Study 1. Study 2 showed that those who experience schadenfreude at learning of an outgroup player's injury will also tend to feel gluckschmerz when they learn of the player's recovery. Studies 3 and 4 replicated and extended these findings for both schadenfreude and gluckschmerz, and showed that neither the degree of severity of an injury nor the level of physical pain associated with the injury moderated the link between identification and both schadenfreude and gluckschmerz. Mediation analyses indicated that perceived in-group gain or loss, deservedness, and dislike were prime mediators of links between in-group identification and both emotions. C1 [Hoogland, Charles E.; Cooper, Chelsea M.; Smith, Richard H.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Psychol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Schurtz, D. Ryan] Stevenson Univ, Dept Psychol, Stevenson, MD 21153 USA. [Cooper, Chelsea M.] US Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Combs, David J. Y.] US Navy, Alexandria, VA 22305 USA. [Brown, Edward G.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Psychol, Lexington, KY 40502 USA. RP Hoogland, CE (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Psychol, 0003 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM charles.hoogland@uky.edu; dschurtz@stevenson.edu; chelseacooper2011@gmail.com; david.combs@nrl.navy.mil; edwardbrown@uky.edu; richard.h.smith@uky.edu NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 30 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0146-7239 EI 1573-6644 J9 MOTIV EMOTION JI Motiv. Emot. PD APR PY 2015 VL 39 IS 2 BP 260 EP 281 DI 10.1007/s11031-014-9447-9 PG 22 WC Psychology, Experimental; Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA CD6BT UT WOS:000351174400008 ER PT J AU Vogiatzis, C Veremyev, A Pasiliao, EL Pardalos, PM AF Vogiatzis, Chrysafis Veremyev, Alexander Pasiliao, Eduardo L. Pardalos, Panos M. TI An integer programming approach for finding the most and the least central cliques SO OPTIMIZATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Clique; Group centrality; Integer formulation ID NETWORKS; MODELS; GRAPH; PATH AB We consider the problem of finding the most and the least "influential" or "influenceable" cliques in graphs based on three classical centrality measures: degree, closeness and betweenness. In addition to standard clique betweenness, which is defined as the proportion of shortest paths between any two graph nodes that pass through the clique, we also consider its optimistic and pessimistic versions, where outside nodes may favor or try to avoid shortest paths passing through the clique, respectively. We discuss the computational complexity issues for these problems and develop linear 0-1 programming formulations for each centrality metric. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of the developed formulations on real-life and synthetic networks, and provide some interesting insights based on the obtained results. In particular, our findings indicate that there are considerable variations between the centrality values of large cliques within the same networks. Moreover, the most central cliques in graphs are not necessarily the largest ones. C1 [Vogiatzis, Chrysafis; Pardalos, Panos M.] Univ Florida, Dept Ind Syst Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Veremyev, Alexander; Pasiliao, Eduardo L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Vogiatzis, C (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Ind Syst Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM chvogiat@ufl.edu FU AFRL Mathematical Modeling and Optimization Institute; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at AFRL FX This material is based upon work supported by the AFRL Mathematical Modeling and Optimization Institute. The research was performed while the second author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at AFRL. The authors would like to thank the anonymous referees for their constructive comments. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1862-4472 EI 1862-4480 J9 OPTIM LETT JI Optim. Lett. PD APR PY 2015 VL 9 IS 4 BP 615 EP 633 DI 10.1007/s11590-014-0782-2 PG 19 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA CE0TZ UT WOS:000351520900001 ER PT J AU Camburn, B Otto, K Jensen, D Crawford, R Wood, K AF Camburn, Bradley Otto, Kevin Jensen, Dan Crawford, Richard Wood, Kristin TI Designing biologically inspired leaf structures: computational geometric transport analysis of volume-to-point flow channels SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE Volume-to-point flow; Design; Path length; Geometric analysis; Biological analogy; Micro-chip cooling ID TREE-LIKE; MICROCHANNEL NETS; HEAT-TRANSFER; PRESSURE-DROP; NETWORKS; ANALOGY; MICROREACTOR; EFFICIENCY AB Many natural systems have inspired the design of engineering artifacts. Example systems include a broad array of products inspired by pseudo-fractal structures found in nature, including bronchial tubes, watersheds, lightning, and leaf veins. Notably, these systems all resolve a volume-to-point flow problem, i.e., diffusive transportation of heat, energy or fluid into a single flow channel from an initial dispersal throughout a substrate volume (coalescence). Flow diffuses slowly throughout the bulk of the substrate medium towards channels. Once in the channels, flow proceeds rapidly towards the sink. These channels are branched and converge at a single point. Several engineering design problems require a volume-to-point flow solution, e.g., the internal conductive cooling of a microchip. This work introduces a novel geometry-based transport analysis, referred to as path length analysis, for evaluating the performance of systems designed for volume-to-point flow. The analysis is inspired by two principles. First, diffusive flow tends to follow the "path of least resistance." Second, the effort required to diffuse material or energy along a path is proportional to the length of the path. Novel channel configurations may be developed using these two principles. These configurations have a pseudo-fractal type structure and are significantly more efficient than the state-of-the-art for cooling problems such as the conductive cooling of a microchip. An extensive finite element analysis confirms the performance for the example of microchip cooling. The primary results include (1) path length optimization leads to high performing structures with a 'natural' appearance, and (2) path length analysis facilitates a new understanding and design tool for analyzing volume-to-point flow problems. C1 [Camburn, Bradley; Crawford, Richard] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Camburn, Bradley; Otto, Kevin; Wood, Kristin] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Singapore, Singapore. [Jensen, Dan] US Air Force Acad, Denver, CO USA. RP Camburn, B (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM bcamburn@gmail.com FU University of Texas at Austin Department of Mechanical Engineering; United States Air Force Academy (USAFA); Air Force Research Laboratories- ARFL-WP; Air Force Research Laboratories- AFRL-RB; Singapore University of Technology and Design; Massachusetts Institute of Technology International Design Center- SUTD-MIT IDC; United Sates Air Force Academy [FA7000-12-2-2005] FX The University of Texas at Austin Department of Mechanical Engineering, the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA), the Air Force Research Laboratories- ARFL-WP, and AFRL-RB, and the Singapore University of Technology and Design and Massachusetts Institute of Technology International Design Center- SUTD-MIT IDC (http://www.sutd.edu.sg/idc.aspx) are acknowledged for their support of this research. This material is based in part on research sponsored by the United Sates Air Force Academy under agreement number FA7000-12-2-2005. The US Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the United States Air Force Academy, the US government or any of the other sponsoring agencies. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0177-0667 EI 1435-5663 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PD APR PY 2015 VL 31 IS 2 BP 361 EP 374 DI 10.1007/s00366-014-0356-z PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA CD6MT UT WOS:000351203900011 ER PT J AU Liu, BY Chen, YR Wysocki, B Huang, TW AF Liu, Beiye Chen, Yiran Wysocki, Bryant Huang, Tingwen TI Reconfigurable Neuromorphic Computing System with Memristor-Based Synapse Design SO NEURAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bidirectional synapse; Memristor; Hopfield network; Pattern recognition ID RECURRENT NEURAL-NETWORKS; STABILITY; MEMORY; DELAYS AB Conventional CMOS technology is slowly approaching its physical limitations and researchers are increasingly utilizing nanotechnology to both extend CMOS capabilities and to explore potential replacements. Novel memristive systems continue to attract growing attention since their reported physical realization by HP in 2008. Unique characteristics like non-volatility, re-configurability, and analog storage properties make memristors a very promising candidate for the realization of artificial neural systems. In this work, we propose a memristor-based design of bidirectional transmission excitation/inhibition synapses and implement a neuromorphic computing system based on our proposed synapse designs. The robustness of our system is also evaluated by considering the actual manufacturing variability with emphasis on process variation. C1 [Liu, Beiye; Chen, Yiran] Univ Pittsburgh, ECE Dept, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Wysocki, Bryant] US Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Huang, Tingwen] Texas A&M Univ Qatar, Doha, Qatar. RP Liu, BY (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, ECE Dept, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM bel34@pitt.edu; yic52@pitt.edu; Bryant.Wysocki@rl.af.mil; tingwen.huang@qatar.tamu.edu RI Huang, Tingwen/K-1367-2013 OI Huang, Tingwen/0000-0001-9610-846X FU U.S. Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) [FA8750-11-1-0271]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [ECCS-1202225, CNS-1253424] FX This work is supported by U.S. Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) Grant FA8750-11-1-0271 and National Science Foundation (NSF) Grants ECCS-1202225 and CNS-1253424 (CAREER). NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1370-4621 EI 1573-773X J9 NEURAL PROCESS LETT JI Neural Process. Lett. PD APR PY 2015 VL 41 IS 2 SI SI BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.1007/s11063-013-9315-8 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA CD6CH UT WOS:000351176000002 ER PT J AU Vishwakarma, V Sinha, A Bhartiya, Y Brown, JM AF Vishwakarma, Vinod Sinha, Alok Bhartiya, Yasharth Brown, Jeffery M. TI Modified Modal Domain Analysis of a Bladed Rotor Using Coordinate Measurement Machine Data on Geometric Mistuning SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID DISKS AB Modified modal domain analysis (MMDA), a reduced order modeling technique, is applied to a geometrically mistuned integrally bladed rotor to obtain its natural frequencies, mode shapes, and forced response. The geometric mistuning of blades is described in terms of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the coordinate measurement machine (CMM) data. Results from MMDA are compared to those from the full (360 deg) rotor ANSYS model. It is found that the MMDA can accurately predict natural frequencies, mode shapes, and forced response. The effects of the number of POD features and the number of tuned modes used as bases for model reduction are examined. Results from frequency mistuning approaches, fundamental mistuning model (FMM) and subset of nominal modes (SNM), are also generated and compared to those from full (360 deg) rotor ANSYS model. It is clearly seen that FMM and SNM are unable to yield accurate results whereas MMDA yields highly accurate results. C1 [Vishwakarma, Vinod; Sinha, Alok] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bhartiya, Yasharth] ANSYS Inc, Canonsburg, PA 15317 USA. [Brown, Jeffery M.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vishwakarma, V (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM vinod.vish@gmail.com; axs22@psu.edu; yasharth@gmail.com; jeffrey.brown.70@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); GUIde Consortium at Duke University, Durham, NC FX This research has been supported by funds from the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and GUIde Consortium at Duke University, Durham, NC. The findings, opinions, and recommendations expressed therein are those of authors and are not necessarily those of Duke University or the AFRL or the GUIde Consortium Members. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 EI 1528-8919 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2015 VL 137 IS 4 AR 042502 DI 10.1115/1.4028615 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA CC2AA UT WOS:000350145500017 ER PT J AU Holston, MS McClory, JW Giles, NC Halliburton, LE AF Holston, M. S. McClory, J. W. Giles, N. C. Halliburton, L. E. TI Radiation-induced defects in LiAlO2 crystals: Holes trapped by lithium vacancies and their role in thermoluminescence SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE Trapped hole center; Radiation-induced defects; EPR; Thermoluminescence ID OPTICALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE; ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ALKALINE-EARTH OXIDES; CZOCHRALSKI GROWTH; SMALL POLARONS; GAMMA-LIALO2; ALUMINATE; ABSORPTION; CENTERS; LI AB Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is used to identify the primary hole trap in undoped lithium aluminate (LiAlO2) crystals. Our interest in this material arises because it is a candidate for radiation detection applications involving either optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) or thermoluminescence (TL). During an x-ray irradiation at room temperature, holes are trapped at oxygen ions adjacent to lithium vacancies. Large concentrations of these lithium vacancies are introduced into the crystal during growth. With the magnetic field along the [001] direction, the EPR spectrum from these trapped-hole centers consists of eleven lines, evenly spaced but with varying intensities, caused by nearly equal hyperfine interactions with two Al-27 nuclei (I=5/2, 100% abundant). The g matrix is determined from the angular dependence of the EPR spectrum and has principal values of 2.0130, 2.0675, and 2.0015. These g shifts strongly support the model of a hole in a p orbital on an oxygen ion. The adjacent lithium vacancy stabilizes the hole on the oxygen ion. A sequence of pulsed thermal anneals above room temperature shows that the EPR spectrum from the holes trapped adjacent to the lithium vacancies disappears in the 90-120 degrees C range. The thermal decay of these hole centers directly correlates with an intense TL peak near 105 degrees C. Signals at lower magnetic field in the 9.4 GHz EPR spectra suggest that the electron trap associated with this TL peak at 105 degrees C may be a transition-metal-ion impurity, most likely Fe, located at a cation site. Additional less intense TL peaks are observed near 138, 176, and 278 degrees C. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Holston, M. S.; McClory, J. W.; Giles, N. C.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Halliburton, L. E.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Halliburton, LE (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM Larry.Halliburton@mail.wvu.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-07-1-0008, BRBAA08-I-2-0128] FX This work was supported at the Air Force Institute of Technology by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (Grants HDTRA1-07-1-0008 and BRBAA08-I-2-0128). Views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the United States Government NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 EI 1872-7883 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD APR PY 2015 VL 160 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2014.11.018 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA CC1FR UT WOS:000350087100007 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Kim, SL Zhang, F Tiley, JS AF Semiatin, S. L. Kim, S-L Zhang, F. Tiley, J. S. TI An Investigation of High-Temperature Precipitation in Powder-Metallurgy, Gamma/Gamma-Prime Nickel-Base Superalloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Entropy Alloy CY MAR 15-19, 2015 CL Univ Tennessee, San Antonio, TX SP Alcoa Tech Ctr, Natl Energy Technol Lab, US Army Res Off, TMS Struct Mat Div, TMS ASM HO Univ Tennessee ID SUPERSOLVUS HEAT-TREATMENT; PARTICLE DIFFUSION PROBLEM; AT-PERCENT AL; MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; MULTICOMPONENT ALLOYS; VOLUME FRACTION; CR ALLOY; OSTWALD; NUCLEATION AB The high-temperature-precipitation behavior of a typical powder-metallurgy, gamma-gamma-prime, nickel-base superalloy (LSHR) was determined and used to develop and validate a quantitative fast-acting model. To this end, a series of experiments comprising supersolvus solution treatment followed by continuous cooling at rates typical of those experienced during the manufacture of full-scale components was conducted for LSHR. The nucleation and growth of secondary-gamma-prime precipitates were deduced via metallography on samples water quenched at various temperatures during the cooling cycle. Further insight on nucleation and the extent of retained supersaturation during cooling was obtained from in situ synchrotron (X-ray diffraction) experiments involving cooling of LSHR samples at identical rates with or without a hold time at an intermediate temperature. The observations were interpreted using a fast-acting (spreadsheet) model which incorporated the important aspects of classical, homogeneous-nucleation theory and growth by bulk diffusion. In this regard, particular attention was paid to the determination of model input parameters such as the composition, free energy of formation, and surface energy of precipitates, and an effective diffusivity; the values so determined contrasted with those from existing thermodynamic and diffusion databases. It was demonstrated that fast-acting-model calculations based on a nickel-chromium pseudo-binary system gave good agreement with measurements of the evolution of precipitate volume fraction, number density, and size during continuous cooling. (C) The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2015 C1 [Semiatin, S. L.] AFRL RXCM, Mat Proc Proc Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tiley, J. S.] AFRL RXCM, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kim, S-L] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Zhang, F.] CompuTherm LLC, Madison, WI 53719 USA. EM sheldon.semiatin@us.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU [FA8650-10-D-5226] FX This work was conducted as part of the in-house research of the Metals Branch of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. The support and encouragement of the Laboratory management are gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank P.N. Fagin, J.C. Schuren, A.R. Shiveley, and K. Shiveley for their yeoman service in conducting the experiments and E. Stienecker, E.F. Gaussa, and M.E. Kirby in metallography and analysis of experimental data. Technical discussions with T.P. Gabb, C.K. Sudbrack, and W. Cao are also much appreciated. One of the authors (SLK) was supported under the auspices of contract FA8650-10-D-5226. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2015 VL 46A IS 4 BP 1715 EP 1730 DI 10.1007/s11661-015-2748-0 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CC4DL UT WOS:000350300900032 ER PT J AU Lan, YC Lin, F Li, Y Dias, YM Wang, H Liu, Y Yang, Z Zhou, HQ Lu, YL Bao, JM Ren, ZF Crimp, MA AF Lan, Yucheng Lin, Feng Li, Yang Dias, Yasmin Wang, Hui Liu, Yuan Yang, Zhen Zhou, Haiqing Lu, Yalin Bao, Jiming Ren, Zhifeng Crimp, Martin A. TI Gallium nitride porous microtubules self-assembled from wurtzite nanorods SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Crystal morphology; Growth models; Low dimensional structures; Nanostructures; Semiconducting III-V materials ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CARBON NANOTUBES; GAN NANOWIRES; CROSS-SECTIONS; CUBIC GAN; GROWTH; FABRICATION; TUBES; SCALE; NANOPARTICLES AB Wurtzite gallium nitride microscale tubules were synthesized through chemical vapor deposition method. The tubules were self-assembled from nanorods without any templates. The self-assemblies were up to 100 mu m long and 10 mu m in diameter. The tubules were porous. The unique structures of the tubules caused red-shifts of Raman modes and yellow band in photoluminescence spectra. A possible growth mechanism of the porous microtubules was proposed based on experimental observations. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lan, Yucheng; Dias, Yasmin] Morgan State Univ, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA. [Lan, Yucheng; Wang, Hui; Liu, Yuan; Yang, Zhen; Zhou, Haiqing; Ren, Zhifeng] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77024 USA. [Lan, Yucheng; Wang, Hui; Liu, Yuan; Yang, Zhen; Zhou, Haiqing; Ren, Zhifeng] Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77024 USA. [Lin, Feng] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, State Key Lab Mesoscop Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Li, Yang; Bao, Jiming] Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Crimp, Martin A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lan, YC (reprint author), Morgan State Univ, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA. EM yucheng.lan@morgan.edu; linf@pku.edu.cn RI Lan, Yucheng/F-9501-2011 OI Lan, Yucheng/0000-0002-6737-4168 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA122221]; US Department of Energy [DE-NA0000720]; Center for Nanoscale Systems at Harvard University under NSF [ECS-0335765]; National Basic Research Program of China (973 program) [2012CB933004]; National Science Foundation [ECCS-1240510, DMR-0907336]; Robert A Welch Foundation [E-1728]; University of Houston FX The authors Y.C.L. and Z.F.R. thank the financial support by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under Grant HDTRA122221. Y.C.L. acknowledges the support from US Department of Energy under the Contract DE-NA0000720 through the program of S.P. Massie Chair of Excellence, the Small Grant Program from the University of Houston and the Center for Nanoscale Systems at Harvard University which is supported under NSF ECS-0335765. F.L. is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 program), Grant no. 2012CB933004. J.M.B. acknowledges the support from the National Science Foundation (CAREER Award ECCS-1240510 and DMR-0907336) and from the Robert A Welch Foundation (E-1728). M.A.C. thanks the Center for Advanced Microscopy at Michigan State University for utilizing the JEM 2200FS electron microscope. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR 1 PY 2015 VL 415 BP 139 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2014.12.037 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA CB4NC UT WOS:000349603500024 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Maschmann, MR Hodson, SL Baur, J Fisher, TS AF Kumar, Anurag Maschmann, Matthew R. Hodson, Stephen L. Baur, Jeffery Fisher, Timothy S. TI Carbon nanotube arrays decorated with multi-layer graphene-nanopetals enhance mechanical strength and durability SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; IN-SITU; COMPOSITES; MICROSTRUCTURE; MORPHOLOGY; DENSITY; FORESTS; FOAMS; FILMS; CVD AB We report growth of a hierarchical nanostructure consisting of multi-layer graphene-petals decorating individual carbon nanotubes in a vertically aligned CNT array. The structure obtained by post-growth treatment of the CNT array in a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition process leads to a remarkable increase in array stability, stiffness, elastic recovery and energy absorption capacity and a decrease in stress softening. Further, the change in properties can be tuned by controlling the petal growth time. For a 50 mu m tall array, growth of graphene petals increases the buckling load and energy absorbed in load-unload cycles by a factor of about 60. The petal-coated CNT arrays also retain their morphology during solvent immersion and evaporation cycles, while arrays without petals coalesce into highly dense regions. The results open a new pathway towards tuning mechanical behavior of any arbitrary CNT array and also demonstrate the importance of structural hierarchy in tailoring the behavior of nanostructures. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kumar, Anurag; Hodson, Stephen L.; Fisher, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kumar, Anurag; Hodson, Stephen L.; Fisher, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Maschmann, Matthew R.] Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Maschmann, Matthew R.; Baur, Jeffery] US Air Force, AFRL AX, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Maschmann, Matthew R.] Univ Technol Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. RP Fisher, TS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM tsfisher@purdue.edu RI Fisher, Timothy/D-8517-2011; OI Fisher, Timothy/0000-0002-8909-313X; Kumar, Anurag/0000-0002-2804-8896 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); University of Missouri College of Engineering; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), and its Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under the MURI program on Nanofabrication of Tunable 3D Nanotube Architectures [FA9550-12-1-0037] FX M.R.M acknowledges financial support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Dr. Byung-Lip (Les) Lee, Program Manager and startup funds from the University of Missouri College of Engineering. The authors are thankful to the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), and its Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR, FA9550-12-1-0037) under the MURI program on Nanofabrication of Tunable 3D Nanotube Architectures (PM: Dr. Joycelyn Harrison), for financial support of this work. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 9 U2 114 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD APR PY 2015 VL 84 BP 236 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.11.060 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CA5NQ UT WOS:000348955500026 ER PT J AU Zhou, Y Stanciulescu, I Eason, T Spottswood, M AF Zhou, Yang Stanciulescu, Ilinca Eason, Thomas Spottswood, Michael TI Nonlinear elastic buckling and postbuckling analysis of cylindrical panels SO FINITE ELEMENTS IN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear buckling and postbuckling analysis; The arclength method; The branch-switching method; Critical points; Secondary paths ID FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; ASYMPTOTIC-NUMERICAL METHOD; BOUNDARY CONDITIONS; COMPOSITE SHELLS; FORMULATION; STABILITY; PRESSURE AB This paper revisits the buckling analysis of a benchmark cylindrical panel undergoing snap through when subjected to transverse loads. We show that previous studies either overestimated the buckling load and identified a false buckling mode, or failed to identify all secondary solution branches. Here, a numerical procedure composed of the arclength and branch switching methods is used to identify the Full postbuckling response of the panel. Additional bifurcation points and corresponding secondary paths are discovered. Parametric studies of the effect of the rise, thickness, and boundary conditions of the panel on the buckling and postbuckling responses are also performed. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhou, Yang; Stanciulescu, Ilinca] Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Eason, Thomas; Spottswood, Michael] Air Force Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Stanciulescu, I (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM ilinca.s@rice.edu OI Stanciulescu, Ilinca/0000-0003-4515-0363 FU AFOSR [FA9550-121-1-0130]; HPTI [BY11020SP, BY12020SP, BY13020SP]; Data Analysis and Visualization Cyber-infrastructure - NSF [OCI-0959097] FX The work has been funded by AFOSR under Grant no. FA9550-121-1-0130 and by HPTI under Grant nos. BY11020SP, BY12020SP, and BY13020SP. These supports are greatly appreciated. Support was also received from the Data Analysis and Visualization Cyber-infrastructure funded by NSF under Grant OCI-0959097. We thank the reviewers for providing comments that helped us to improve this paper NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-874X EI 1872-6925 J9 FINITE ELEM ANAL DES JI Finite Elem. Anal. Des. PD APR PY 2015 VL 96 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.finel.2014.12.001 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA AY2GD UT WOS:000347405900004 ER PT J AU Geng, Z Deng, H Himed, B AF Geng, Zhe Deng, Hai Himed, Braham TI Adaptive Radar Beamforming for Interference Mitigation in Radar-Wireless Spectrum Sharing SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Digital beamforming; interference mitigation; radar signal processing; wireless communications ID MIMO RADARS; NETWORKS; ARRAY AB The key to the feasibility of spectrum sharing between radar and wireless systems is effective mainlobe interference mitigation processing by the radar. Traditional array processing is capable to cancel sidelobe interferences only. This letter presents an innovative beamforming approach, the first of its kind, to eliminate wireless interference in both mainlobe and sidelobe directions based on a coherent phase-coding multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar platform. The theoretical proof and conditions of simultaneous mainlobe interference cancellation and target detection using coherent MIMO radar are mathematically derived and numerically verified. The simulation results demonstrate the radar can effectively eliminate wireless interferences from base stations and mobile handsets during spectrum-sharing. C1 [Geng, Zhe; Deng, Hai] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33174 USA. [Himed, Braham] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Geng, Z (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33174 USA. EM zgeng001@fiu.edu; braham.himed@us.af.mil OI Geng, Zhe/0000-0002-5440-3556 FU FIU; Defense Engineering Corporation by Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-12-D-1376]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [AST-1443909] FX The work of Z. Geng was supported by the FIU Presidential Fellowship. The work of H. Deng was supported in part by a subcontract with Defense Engineering Corporation for research sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract FA8650-12-D-1376, and by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award AST-1443909. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Joseph Tabrikian. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 27 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1070-9908 EI 1558-2361 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC LET JI IEEE Signal Process. Lett. PD APR PY 2015 VL 22 IS 4 BP 484 EP 488 DI 10.1109/LSP.2014.2363585 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AS8FQ UT WOS:000344485800003 ER PT J AU Reed, AN Shamberger, PJ Hu, JJ Muratore, C Bultman, JE Voevodin, AA AF Reed, A. N. Shamberger, P. J. Hu, J. J. Muratore, C. Bultman, J. E. Voevodin, A. A. TI Microstructure of ZnO thin films deposited by high power impulse magnetron sputtering SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE HiPIMS; ZnO; Low-temperature deposition; Sputtering; Microstructure ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; ZINC-OXIDE; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; CVD METHOD; GROWTH; SILICON; SAPPHIRE; PLASMA; IONS AB High power impulse magnetron sputtering was used to deposit thin ( similar to 100 nm) zinc oxide (ZnO) films from a ceramic ZnO target onto substrates heated to 150 degrees C. The resulting films had strong crystallinity, highly aligned (002) texture and low surface roughness (root mean square roughness less than 10 nm), as determined by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force spectroscopy measurements. Deposition pressure and target-substrate distance had the greatest effect on film microstructure. The degree of alignment in the films was strongly dependent on the gas pressure. Deposition at pressures less than 0.93 Pa resulted in a bimodal distribution of grain sizes. An initial growth layer with preferred orientations (101) and (002) parallel to the interface was observed at the film-substrate interface under all conditions examined here; the extent of that competitive region was dependent on growth conditions. Time-resolved current measurements of the target and ion energy distributions, determined using energy resolved mass spectrometry, were correlated to film microstructure in order to investigate the effect of plasma conditions on film nucleation and growth. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Reed, A. N.; Hu, J. J.; Bultman, J. E.; Voevodin, A. A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Reed, A. N.; Muratore, C.] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Shamberger, P. J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hu, J. J.; Bultman, J. E.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Reed, AN (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM amber.reed.5@us.af.mil; andrey.voevodin@us.af.mil RI Shamberger, Patrick/C-4795-2014 OI Shamberger, Patrick/0000-0002-8737-6064 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research Aerospace Materials for Extreme Environments program [14RX13COR] FX The authors would like to thank A.J. Safriet, N.R. Glavin, R.D. Smith, M.L. Jespersen, M.E. McConney, A.R. Waite, M.H. Check and K.D. Leedy for their support. Financial support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Aerospace Materials for Extreme Environments program (14RX13COR) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAR 31 PY 2015 VL 579 BP 30 EP 37 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA CF0FY UT WOS:000352219700005 ER PT J AU Wang, JL Huang, HL Liu, CH Fu, ZP Zhai, XF Peng, RR Lu, YL AF Wang, Jianlin Huang, Haoliang Liu, Changhui Fu, Zhengping Zhai, Xiaofang Peng, Ranran Lu, Yalin TI Platinum-induced structural collapse in layered oxide polycrystalline films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NOBLE METAL OXIDES; DELAFOSSITE STRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE; CHEMISTRY; SYSTEM AB Effect of a platinum bottom electrode on the SrBi5Fe1-xCoxTi4O18 layered oxide polycrystalline films was systematically studied. The doped cobalt ions react with the platinum to form a secondary phase of PtCoO2, which has a typical Delafossite structure with a weak antiferromagnetism and an exceptionally high in-plane electrical conductivity. Formation of PtCoO2 at the interface partially consumes the cobalt dopant and leads to the structural collapsing from 5 to 4 layers, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements. Considering the weak magnetic contribution from PtCoO2, the observed ferromagnetism should be intrinsic of the Aurivillius compounds. Ferroelectric properties were also indicated by the piezoresponse force microscopy. In this work, the platinum induced secondary phase at the interface was observed, which has a strong impact on Aurivillius structural configuration and thus the ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Wang, Jianlin; Huang, Haoliang; Liu, Changhui; Fu, Zhengping; Peng, Ranran; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Huang, Haoliang; Fu, Zhengping; Zhai, Xiaofang; Peng, Ranran; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Synerget Innovat Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum P, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Fu, Zhengping; Zhai, Xiaofang; Peng, Ranran; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Peng, RR (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM pengrr@ustc.edu.cn; yllu@ustc.edu.cn RI Peng, Ranran/F-5934-2010 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB922000]; Natural Science Foundation of China [51472228]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [WK2060140019] FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2012CB922000), the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51472228), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. WK2060140019). NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 30 PY 2015 VL 106 IS 13 AR 132903 DI 10.1063/1.4915507 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CF1MT UT WOS:000352310700041 ER PT J AU Sescu, A Visbal, M Rizzetta, D AF Sescu, Adrian Visbal, Miguel Rizzetta, Donald TI A study of the effect of step excrescences and free-stream disturbances on boundary layer stability SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE boundary layers; receptivity; computational fluid dynamics; high-order schemes; wave propagation; compact finite differencing ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TOLLMIEN-SCHLICHTING WAVES; FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; ROUGHNESS ELEMENTS; EVOLUTION; ROW AB In this work, a study of the mechanism by which free-stream acoustic and vorticity disturbances interact with a boundary layer flow developing over a flat plate featuring a step excrescence located at a certain distance from a blunt leading edge is included. The numerical tool is a high-fidelity implicit numerical algorithm solving for the unsteady, compressible form of the Navier-Stokes equations in a body-fitted curvilinear coordinates and employing high-accurate compact differencing schemes with Pade-type filters. Acoustic and vorticity waves are generated using a source term in the momentum and energy equations, as opposed to using inflow boundary conditions, to avoid spurious waves that may propagate from boundaries. The results show that the receptivity to surface step excrescences is largely the result of an overall adverse pressure gradient posed by the step, and that the free-stream disturbances accelerate the generation of instabilities in the downstream. As expected, it is found that the acoustic disturbance interacting with the surface imperfection is more efficient in exciting the Tollmien-Schlichting waves than the vorticity disturbance. The latter generates Tollmien-Schlichting waves that are grouped in wave packets consistent with the wavelength of the free-stream disturbance. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Sescu, Adrian] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Visbal, Miguel; Rizzetta, Donald] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sescu, A (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 330 Walker,Hardy Rd, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM sescu@ae.msstate.edu FU ASEE; AFOSR FX The first author would like to thank ASEE and AFOSR for funding the summer fellowship at Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-2091 EI 1097-0363 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD MAR 30 PY 2015 VL 77 IS 9 BP 509 EP 525 DI 10.1002/fld.3993 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA CC1RX UT WOS:000350122000001 ER PT J AU Schmitt-Sody, A French, D White, W Lucero, A Roach, WP Hasson, V AF Schmitt-Sody, Andreas French, David White, William Lucero, Adrian Roach, William P. Hasson, Victor TI The importance of corona generation and leader formation during laser filament guided discharges in air SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Images taken with an intensified CCD camera show the dynamics during filament guided discharge events. The images reveal that filament initiated corona plays a role in the presented results. Furthermore, the images show the formation of leaders, propagating and eventually bridging the gap between the high voltage (HV) electrodes. Analysis of the images and comparison to oscilloscope traces of voltage and current dynamics reveal the origin of the delay between the filament and HV discharge and allows for a probability of discharge analysis. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Schmitt-Sody, Andreas; French, David; White, William] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Lucero, Adrian] Boeing DES, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Roach, William P.] Air Force Off Sci & Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Hasson, Victor] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Schmitt-Sody, A (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 23 PY 2015 VL 106 IS 12 AR 124101 DI 10.1063/1.4916219 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CE5LM UT WOS:000351876700064 ER PT J AU Wiens, JP Shuman, NS Viggiano, AA AF Wiens, Justin P. Shuman, Nicholas S. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Dissociative recombination and mutual neutralization of heavier molecular ions: C10H8+, WF5+, and CnFm+ SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSTATIC STORAGE-RING; H-2-O-2-N-2 FLAMES; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; FLOWING AFTERGLOW; IONIZATION; COEFFICIENTS; ATTACHMENT; COLLISIONS; CHEMISTRY; ELECTRONS AB Dissociative recombination (DR) rate coefficients for the naphthalene cation, C10H8+, and WF5+, and mutual neutralization (MN) rate coefficients for these species and five CnFm+ ions, were determined at 300 K using variable electron and neutral density attachment mass spectrometry (VENDAMS). DR proceeds at 9 +/- 3 x 10(-7) cm(3) s(-1) for C10H8+ and at 6.1 x 1.4 x 10(-7) cm(3) s(-1) for WF5+. Consistent with previous results, MN for the polyatomic cations with the halide anions Cl-, Br-, and I- exhibits an approximate mu(-1/2) reduced mass dependence of the reactant partners, demonstrating that ion collision velocities influence the rate coefficients. This work is an extension of VENDAMS to systems, where low reactant concentrations are necessary to avoid significant reaction of product ions with the neutral precursor, i. e., conditions not suitable for traditional flowing afterglow measurements, as well as to ions of masses >similar to 100 Da, which are not amenable to the study of DR in magnetic storage rings. Our results expand the sparse literature on DR and MN of heavier ions. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Wiens, Justin P.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wiens, JP (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303-EP]; National Research Council associateship program FX This work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Grant No. AFOSR-2303-EP. J.P.W. acknowledges support from the National Research Council associateship program. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 21 PY 2015 VL 142 IS 11 AR 114304 DI 10.1063/1.4913829 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CE0WK UT WOS:000351530100022 PM 25796246 ER PT J AU Lu, CA Newell, TC Glebov, L Balakrishnan, G AF Lu, C. A. Newell, T. C. Glebov, L. Balakrishnan, G. TI Wavelength beam combining of VECSELs using multiplexed volume Bragg gratings in a compound cavity SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE integrated optics; OFDM modulation; multiplexing equipment; optical directional couplers; silicon compounds; optical waveguides; optical delay lines; fast Fourier transforms; integrated-optic OFDM signal multiplexer; optical IFFY circuit; integrated optical device; optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal; optical domain; optical inverse fast Fourier transform; directional couplers; delay lines; combiner; silica waveguide technology; bit rate 40 Gbit; s to 80 Gbit; s; SiO2 ID LASERS; POWER AB An integrated optical device that is able to multiplex modulated signals to an optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal directly in the optical domain is demonstrated. The device operates based on optical inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). It is composed of directional couplers, delay lines and a combiner, which was fabricated with silica waveguide technology. The operation was experimentally confirmed by generating 40 and 80 Gbit/s optical OFDM signals. C1 [Lu, C. A.; Newell, T. C.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Glebov, L.] Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Coll Opt & Photon, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Lu, C. A.; Balakrishnan, G.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Lu, CA (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM chunte.lu@kirtland.af.mil FU AFOSR FX The authors thank the AFOSR for providing support and funding. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 EI 1350-911X J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD MAR 19 PY 2015 VL 51 IS 6 BP 508 EP 509 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CD7LK UT WOS:000351271700041 ER PT J AU Wang, JS Smith, HE Brown, GJ AF Wang, Joanna S. Smith, Howard E. Brown, Gail J. TI Stability and aging studies of lead sulfide quantum dot films: Photoabsorption, morphology, and chemical state characteristics SO MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Optical properties; Oxidation; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); Thin films ID BINARY NANOPARTICLE SUPERLATTICES; PBSE NANOCRYSTALS; ORDERED ARRAYS; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; POLYMER COMPOSITES; COLLOIDAL PBSE; PARTICLE-SIZE; THIN-FILMS; DEPOSITION; PHOTODETECTORS AB The stability of colloidal PbS quantum dot (QD) films deposited on glass substrates was studied over a short term and a long term periods, when left unprotected in air under ambient conditions. Two deposition approaches were used, traditional solvent deposition method (SDM) and supercritical fluid CO2 deposition (SFD). To track possible changes to the QDs over time, near infrared (NIR) spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron micro-scopy (TEM), and optical microscopy, were employed. Evidence points towards initial oxidation-induced shrinking of the active QD volume causing a blue shift of the absorption over the first four months, and then experiencing competition from oxidation and sintering/ripening of the QDs, resulting in a red shift. The presented studies have important consequences for the long term reliability of light emitters based on PbS QDs. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wang, Joanna S.; Smith, Howard E.; Brown, Gail J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Smith, Howard E.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Wang, JS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jswang@uidaho.edu FU Air Force Base Research Laboratory [FA8650-11-D-5800] FX This work is financially supported by the Air Force Base Research Laboratory [Contract No. FA8650-11-D-5800]. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0254-0584 EI 1879-3312 J9 MATER CHEM PHYS JI Mater. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2015 VL 154 BP 44 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2015.01.043 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CC1BF UT WOS:000350075500007 ER PT J AU Iacopi, F Mishra, N Cunning, BV Goding, D Dimitrijev, S Brock, R Dauskardt, RH Wood, B Boeckl, J AF Iacopi, Francesca Mishra, Neeraj Cunning, Benjamin Vaughan Goding, Dayle Dimitrijev, Sima Brock, Ryan Dauskardt, Reinhold H. Wood, Barry Boeckl, John TI A catalytic alloy approach for graphene on epitaxial SiC on silicon wafers SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LARGE-AREA; GROWTH; ADHESION; TEMPERATURE; GRAPHITE; CARBIDE; LAYERS; FILMS AB We introduce a novel approach to the synthesis of high-quality and highly uniform few-layer graphene on silicon wafers, based on solid source growth from epitaxial 3C-SiC films. Using a Ni/Cu catalytic alloy, we obtain a transfer-free bilayer graphene directly on Si(100) wafers, at temperatures potentially compatible with conventional semiconductor processing. The graphene covers uniformly a 2 '' silicon wafer, with a Raman I-D/I-G band ratio as low as 0.5, indicative of a low defectivity material. The sheet resistance of the graphene is as low as 25 Omega/square, and its adhesion energy to the underlying substrate is substantially higher than transferred graphene. This work opens the avenue for the true wafer-level fabrication of microdevices comprising graphene functional layers. Specifically, we suggest that exceptional conduction qualifies this graphene as a metal replacement for MEMS and advanced on-chip interconnects with ultimate scalability. C1 [Iacopi, Francesca; Mishra, Neeraj; Cunning, Benjamin Vaughan; Goding, Dayle; Dimitrijev, Sima] Griffith Univ, Queensland Micro & Nanotechnol Ctr, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. [Brock, Ryan; Dauskardt, Reinhold H.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wood, Barry] Univ Queensland, Ctr Microscopy & Microanal, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Boeckl, John] US Air Force, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Iacopi, F (reprint author), Griffith Univ, Queensland Micro & Nanotechnol Ctr, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. EM f.iacopi@griffith.edu.au RI Griffith University, QMNC/I-5498-2013; Iacopi, Francesca/D-8934-2013 OI Iacopi, Francesca/0000-0002-3196-0990 FU Australian National Fabrication Facility (ANFF); Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AOARD 144045]; Australian Research Council [FT120100445] FX We acknowledge Glenn Walker, Philip Tanner, Alan Iacopi, and Anthony Christian for their valuable technical support. The authors acknowledge the support from the Australian National Fabrication Facility (ANFF) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through the grant AOARD 144045. Dr. Francesca Iacopi is the recipient of a Future Fellowship from the Australian Research Council (FT120100445). NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 39 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR 14 PY 2015 VL 30 IS 5 BP 609 EP 616 DI 10.1557/jmr.2015.3 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CD9UO UT WOS:000351444200002 ER PT J AU Tapp, MJN Sullivan, RS Dennis, P Naik, RR Milam, VT AF Tapp, Maeling J. N. Sullivan, Richard S. Dennis, Patrick Naik, Rajesh R. Milam, Valeria T. TI Spectroscopic studies of nucleic acid additions during seed-mediated growth of gold nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; SHAPE CONTROL; STRANDED-DNA; NANORODS; SIZE; ADSORPTION; POLYNUCLEOTIDES; NANOSTRUCTURES; ABSORPTION; POLYMER AB The effect of adding nucleic acids to gold seeds during the growth stage of either nanospheres or nanorods was investigated using UV-Vis spectroscopy to reveal any oligonucleotide base or structure-specific effects on nanoparticle growth kinetics or plasmonic signatures. Spectral data indicate that the presence of DNA duplexes during seed aging drastically accelerated nanosphere growth while the addition of single-stranded polyadenine at any point during seed aging induces nanosphere aggregation. For seeds added to a gold nanorod growth solution, single-stranded polythymine induces a modest blue shift in the longitudinal peak wave length. Moreover, a particular sequence comprised of 50% thymine bases was found to induce a faster, more dramatic blue shift in the longitudinal peak wave length compared to any of the homopolymer incubation cases. Monomeric forms of the nucleic acids, however, do not yield discernable spectral differences in any of the gold suspensions studied. C1 [Tapp, Maeling J. N.; Sullivan, Richard S.; Milam, Valeria T.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Dennis, Patrick; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Soft Matter Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Milam, Valeria T.] Georgia Inst Technol, Wallace H Coulter Dept Biomed Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Milam, Valeria T.] Georgia Inst Technol, Petit Inst Bioengn & Biosci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Milam, VT (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM valeria.milam@mse.gatech.edu FU GT-AFOSR BIONIC Center of Excellence [FA9550-09-1-0162]; AFRL/RX; NIH Training Grant (T32, NIBIB) [T32EB006343-02]; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship; GAANN Fellowship FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding support of GT-AFOSR BIONIC Center of Excellence (FA9550-09-1-0162) and AFRL/RX. M.T. also acknowledges support of a NIH Training Grant (T32, NIBIB, T32EB006343-02), NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, and a GAANN Fellowship. Flow cytometry studies were carried out at the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience (IBB) Core Lab facilities. TEM characterization was carried out in the Center for Nanostructure Characterization at the Georgia Institute of Technology. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 25 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR 14 PY 2015 VL 30 IS 5 BP 666 EP 676 DI 10.1557/jmr.2014.409 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CD9UO UT WOS:000351444200008 PM 25960601 ER PT J AU Fairchild, SB Boeckl, J Back, TC Ferguson, JB Koerner, H Murray, PT Maruyama, B Lange, MA Cahay, MM Behabtu, N Young, CC Pasquali, M Lockwood, NP Averett, KL Gruen, G Tsentalovich, DE AF Fairchild, S. B. Boeckl, J. Back, T. C. Ferguson, J. B. Koerner, H. Murray, P. T. Maruyama, B. Lange, M. A. Cahay, M. M. Behabtu, N. Young, C. C. Pasquali, M. Lockwood, N. P. Averett, K. L. Gruen, G. Tsentalovich, D. E. TI Morphology dependent field emission of acid-spun carbon nanotube fibers SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotube; fiber; field emission ID ELECTRON-EMISSION; COLD-CATHODE; SINGLE-WALL; ARRAYS; YARNS; EMITTERS; FILMS; MICROSTRUCTURE; CONDUCTIVITY; MONOXIDE AB Acid spun carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers were investigated for their field emission properties and performance was determined to be dependent on fiber morphology. The fibers were fabricated by wet-spinning of pre-made CNTs. Fiber morphology was controlled by a fabrication method and processing conditions, as well as purity, size, and type of the CNT starting material. The internal fiber structure consisted of CNT fibrils held together by van der Waals forces. Alignment and packing density of the CNTs affects the fiber's electrical and thermal conductivity. Fibers with similar diameters and differing morphology were compared, and those composed of the most densely packed and well aligned CNTs were the best field emitters as exhibited by a lower turn-on voltage and a larger field enhancement factor. Fibers with higher electrical and thermal conductivity demonstrated higher maximum current before failure and longer lifetimes. A stable emission current at 3 mA was obtained for 10 h at a field strength of <1 V mu m(-1). This stable high current operation makes these CNT fibers excellent candidates for use as low voltage electron sources for vacuum electronic devices. C1 [Fairchild, S. B.; Boeckl, J.; Ferguson, J. B.; Koerner, H.; Maruyama, B.; Averett, K. L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Back, T. C.; Murray, P. T.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Lange, M. A.; Gruen, G.] TechFlow Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [Lockwood, N. P.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Cahay, M. M.] Univ Cincinnati, Spintron & Vacuum Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Behabtu, N.; Young, C. C.; Pasquali, M.; Tsentalovich, D. E.] Rice Univ, Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Behabtu, N.; Young, C. C.; Pasquali, M.; Tsentalovich, D. E.] Rice Univ, Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Fairchild, SB (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.fairchild@us.af.mil RI Pasquali, Matteo/A-2489-2008; OI Pasquali, Matteo/0000-0001-5951-395X; Murray, Patrick/0000-0001-8516-1839 FU Air Force at Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate [FA8650-11-D-5401, FA9550-09-1-0590]; Robert A Welch foundation at Rice University [C-1668] FX This work was supported by Air Force contracts FA8650-11-D-5401 at Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, and FA9550-09-1-0590 as well as Robert A Welch foundation grant C-1668 at Rice University. The authors thank John Luginsland, Jason Marshall and Joycelyn Harrison at the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for supporting this work. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 33 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD MAR 13 PY 2015 VL 26 IS 10 AR 105706 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/26/10/105706 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CM7PV UT WOS:000357888300005 PM 25694166 ER PT J AU Mansfield, E Sowards, JW Crookes-Goodson, WJ AF Mansfield, Elisabeth Sowards, Jeffrey W. Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J. TI Findings and Recommendations from the NIST Workshop on Alternative Fuels and Materials: Biocorrosion SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alternative fuels; bacterial; biofilm; biosusceptibility; corrosion; microbial AB In 2013, the Applied Chemicals and Materials Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) hosted a workshop to identify and prioritize research needs in the area of biocorrosion. Materials used to store and distribute alternative fuels have experienced an increase in corrosion due to the unique conditions caused by the presence of microbes and the chemistry of biofuels and biofuel precursors. Participants in this workshop, including experts from the microbiological, fuel, and materials communities, delved into the unique materials and chemical challenges that occur with production, transport, and storage of alternative fuels. Discussions focused on specific problems including: a) the changing composition of "drop-in" fuels and the impact of that composition on materials; b) the influence of microbial populations on corrosion and fuel quality; and c) state-of-the-art measurement technologies for monitoring material degradation and biofilm formation. C1 [Mansfield, Elisabeth; Sowards, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Soft Matter Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mansfield, E (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM elisabeth.mansfield@nist.gov; jeffrey.sowards@nist.gov; Wendy.goodson.1@us.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR 11 PY 2015 VL 120 DI 10.6028/jres.120.003 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CN8VX UT WOS:000358724800001 PM 26958436 ER PT J AU Wei, LL Pados, DA Batalama, SN Hu, RQ Medley, MJ AF Wei, Lili Pados, Dimitris A. Batalama, Stella N. Hu, Rose Qingyang Medley, Michael J. TI Optimal multiuser spread-spectrum data hiding in digital images SO SECURITY AND COMMUNICATION NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE covert communications; code-division multiplexing; data concealment; data embedding; data hiding; multiuser communicatios; signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio; steganography; sum capacity; watermarking ID TOTAL-SQUARED-CORRELATION; BINARY SIGNATURE SETS; KARYSTINOS-PADOS BOUNDS; WATERMARKING TECHNIQUES; INTERFERENCE AVOIDANCE; CAPACITY; DESIGN; STEGANOGRAPHY; MULTIMEDIA; CHANNELS AB In this work, we intend to carry out optimized spread-spectrum concealment of multiuser data under a given digital image. First, the overall image is pre-processed into transform-domain small blocks from which host vectors are obtained via zig-zag scanning vectorization. Multiuser data hiding is performed in the generated host vectors. Under this data hiding system model, we give an orthogonal set of embedding spread-spectrum signatures that achieves maximum sum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio at the output of the linear-filter receivers for any fixed embedding amplitude values. Then, for any given total embedding distortion constraint, we present the optimal multi-signature assignment and amplitude allocation that maximizes the sum capacity of the concealment procedure. The practical implication of the results is sum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, sum-capacity optimal multiuser/multi-signature spread-spectrum data hiding in the digital image medium. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Wei, Lili; Hu, Rose Qingyang] Utah State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Pados, Dimitris A.; Batalama, Stella N.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Medley, Michael J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, RITE, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Hu, RQ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM rosehu@ieee.org FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0123] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant FA9550-12-1-0123. Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited:88ABW-2009-4428. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1939-0114 EI 1939-0122 J9 SECUR COMMUN NETW JI Secur. Commun. Netw. PD MAR 10 PY 2015 VL 8 IS 4 BP 540 EP 549 DI 10.1002/sec.1001 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA AZ3RA UT WOS:000348143200002 ER PT J AU Estepp, JR Christensen, JC AF Estepp, Justin R. Christensen, James C. TI Electrode replacement does not affect classification accuracy in dual-session use of a passive brain-computer interface for assessing cognitive workload SO FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE passive brain computer interface; cognitive state; electroencephalography; machine learning; non-stationarity ID FUNCTIONAL-STATE CLASSIFICATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION EEG; PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES; ADAPTIVE AUTOMATION; DETECTION ALGORITHM; OCULAR ARTIFACTS; TASK-DIFFICULTY; NEURAL-NETWORKS; MOTOR IMAGERY; SYSTEM AB The passive brain-computer interface (pBCI) framework has been shown to be a very promising construct for assessing cognitive and affective state in both individuals and teams. There is a growing body of work that focuses on solving the challenges of transitioning pBCI systems from the research laboratory environment to practical, everyday use. An interesting issue is what impact methodological variability may have on the ability to reliably identify (neuro)physiological patterns that are useful for state assessment. This work aimed at quantifying the effects of methodological variability in a pBCI design for detecting changes in cognitive workload. Specific focus was directed toward the effects of replacing electrodes over dual sessions (thus inducing changes in placement, electromechanical properties, and/or impedance between the electrode and skin surface) on the accuracy of several machine learning approaches in a binary classification problem. In investigating these methodological variables, it was determined that the removal and replacement of the electrode suite between sessions does not impact the accuracy of a number of learning approaches when trained on one session and tested on a second. This finding was confirmed by comparing to a control group for which the electrode suite was not replaced between sessions. This result suggests that sensors (both neurological and peripheral) may be removed and replaced over the course of many interactions with a pBCI system without affecting its performance. Future work on multi-session and multi-day pBCI system use should seek to replicate this (lack of) effect between sessions in other tasks, temporal time courses, and data analytic approaches while also focusing on non-stationarity and variable classification performance due to intrinsic factors. C1 [Estepp, Justin R.; Christensen, James C.] Air Force Res Lab, Appl Neurosci Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Human Performance Wing 711, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Estepp, JR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Human Performance Wing 711, 711 HPW RHCP,BLDG 840,W200,2510 Fifth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM justin.estepp@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to thank William D. Miller, Jr. (Science, Mathematics and Research for Transformation Fellow, George Mason University) for his ongoing commitment to AF-MATB software development, Iris E. Davis, Margaret A. Bowers, and Samantha L. Klosterman (Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp.) for their substantial efforts during data collection for this study and contributions in preparing this manuscript, and Dr. Glenn E Wilson (Air Force Research Laboratory Emeritus, and Physiometrex, Inc.) for his helpful discussions about and contributions to study design. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 86 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1662-453X J9 FRONT NEUROSCI-SWITZ JI Front. Neurosci. PD MAR 9 PY 2015 VL 9 AR 54 DI 10.3389/fnins.2015.00054 PG 20 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA CG0OS UT WOS:000352966500001 PM 25805963 ER PT J AU Castro-Palacio, JC Bemish, RJ Meuwly, M AF Castro-Palacio, Juan Carlos Bemish, Raymond J. Meuwly, Markus TI Communication: Equilibrium rate coefficients from atomistic simulations: The O(P-3) + NO((2)Pi) -> O-2(X-3 Sigma(-)(g)) + N(S-4) reaction at temperatures relevant to the hypersonic flight regime SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; VISIBLE REGION; RATE CONSTANTS; NO2; OXYGEN; UV AB The O(P-3) + NO((2)Pi) -> O-2(X-3 Sigma(-)(g)) + N(S-4) reaction is among the N- and O-involving reactions that dominate the energetics of the reactive air flow around spacecraft during hypersonic atmospheric re-entry. In this regime, the temperature in the bow shock typically ranges from 1000 to 20 000 K. The forward and reverse rate coefficients for this reaction derived directly from trajectory calculations over this range of temperature are reported in this letter. Results compare well with the established equilibrium constants for the same reaction from thermodynamic quantities derived from spectroscopy in the gas phase which paves the way for large-scale in silico investigations of equilibrium rates under extreme conditions. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Castro-Palacio, Juan Carlos; Meuwly, Markus] Univ Basel, Dept Chem, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Bemish, Raymond J.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Meuwly, Markus] Brown Univ, Dept Chem, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Meuwly, M (reprint author), Univ Basel, Dept Chem, Klingelbergstr 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. EM m.meuwly@unibas.ch FU United State Department of the Air Force; Swiss National Science Foundation [200021-117810]; NCCR MUST; University of Basel FX Part of this work was supported by the United State Department of the Air Force which is gratefully acknowledged (J.C.C.P.) Support by the Swiss National Science Foundation through Grant Nos. 200021-117810, the NCCR MUST (M.M.), and the University of Basel is also acknowledged. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 7 PY 2015 VL 142 IS 9 AR 091104 DI 10.1063/1.4913975 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CD3JH UT WOS:000350973900004 PM 25747053 ER PT J AU Ombrello, T Carter, C McCall, J Schauer, F Naples, A Hoke, J Hsu, KY AF Ombrello, Timothy Carter, Campbell McCall, Jonathan Schauer, Frederick Naples, Andrew Hoke, John Hsu, Kuang-Yu TI Enhanced Mixing in Supersonic Flow Using a Pulse Detonator SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSE INJECTION; PART 1; SCRAMJET; COMBUSTION; IGNITION; STRUT AB Mixing enhancement in a M = 2 crossflow using the transient high-pressure, high-temperature, and high-velocity pulse from a detonation was investigated experimentally. High-frame-rate shadowgraphy and planar laser-induced fluorescence of the nitric oxide molecule showed the structure and time-dependent interaction of the detonation plume with the supersonic flow. The high-momentum flux from the detonation provided significant penetration, with blowdown times of 4-8 ms achieved. Planar laser-induced fluorescence of nitric oxide captured the spanwise structure of the plume and the large counter-rotating vortex structure for enhanced mixing. The upstream jet was shown to be drawn into the pulse detonator's plume, providing distribution to the core supersonic flow. Significant coupling between a continuous upstream jet and the pulse detonator plume was found and indicated that there was an optimal staging distance for enhanced mixing. C1 [Ombrello, Timothy; Carter, Campbell; McCall, Jonathan] US Air Force Res Lab, High Speed Syst Div, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schauer, Frederick] US Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Naples, Andrew; Hoke, John; Hsu, Kuang-Yu] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. RP Ombrello, T (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, High Speed Syst Div, Aerosp Syst Directorate, 1950 Fifth Street, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Part of the research was performed while the Corresponding Author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. The work was also supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The authors wish to thank William Terry and Dave Schommer for their help with the experiments. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 31 IS 2 BP 654 EP 663 DI 10.2514/1.B35316 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CQ8EM UT WOS:000360839300016 ER PT J AU Prince, BD Bemish, RJ Chiu, YH AF Prince, Benjamin D. Bemish, Raymond J. Chiu, Yu-Hui TI Emission-Excitation Cross Sections Relevant to Krypton-Propelled Electric Thrusters SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID HALL THRUSTER; PROPULSION; XENON; PLUME AB Emission-excitation cross sections for collision processes relevant to krypton-propelled Hall effect and ion thrusters are measured using optical emission spectroscopy in the 350-1000 nm spectral range. Absolute spectral radiances were recorded for collisions between beams of krypton ions (either singly or doubly charged) and electrons with a Kr gas at charged particle energies relevant to electrostatic thruster plasmas. The most prominent emissions observed are in the near-infrared region from a low-lying excited electronic state of neutral Kr. In the case of Kr+/Kr2+ + Kr systems, the emission-excitation cross section from this low-lying excited electronic state of neutral Kr has a threshold at approximately 12.5 eV in the center-of-mass frame, and it increases with collision energy until 200 eV, where it remains constant through 600 eV. The energy dependence of cross sections for emission from Kr II varies with the colliding charged particle. The threshold for the radiative emission of Kr II is estimated at, in the center-of-mass frame, between 40 and 50 eV for Kr+ + Kr ,<25 eV for Kr2+ + Kr and between electron energies of 29.9 and 34.4 eV for e(-) + Kr. The ion-impact rate coefficients indicate that near-infrared radiative emission resulting from ionneutral collisions is important below an electron temperature of 10 eV. Potential diagnostic lines to be used for determination of electron temperatures and an initial two-line collisional-radiative model derived from these laboratory measurements are discussed. C1 [Prince, Benjamin D.; Bemish, Raymond J.] US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Chiu, Yu-Hui] Busek Co Inc, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Prince, BD (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. OI Bemish, Raymond/0000-0003-2974-1534 FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [13RV07COR] FX Support for this work by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research through task 13RV07COR (Program Manager: Ali Sayir) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 31 IS 2 BP 725 EP 736 DI 10.2514/1.B35306 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CQ8EM UT WOS:000360839300023 ER PT J AU Dong, L Kong, FT Gu, GC Hawkins, TW Jones, M Parsons, J Kalichevsky-Dong, MT Saitoh, K Pulford, B Dajani, I AF Dong, Liang Kong, Fanting Gu, Guancheng Hawkins, Thomas Wade Jones, Maxwell Parsons, Joshua Kalichevsky-Dong, Monica T. Saitoh, Kunimasa Pulford, Benjamin Dajani, Iyad TI Large-Mode-Area All-Solid Photonic Bandgap Fibers for the Mitigation of Optical Nonlinearities SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Optical fiber lasers; optical fiber amplifiers; optical fibers ID HIGHER-ORDER MODES; SINGLE-MODE; POWER; AMPLIFIER; NM; SUPPRESSION; INSTABILITY; DESIGN AB There is still significant need for power scaling of fiber lasers. Large-mode-area fibers are a key for the mitigation of optical nonlinearities. In recent years, mode instability has shown itself to be an additional significant limiting factor for single-mode power scaling in the regime of a few hundred watts to kilowatts. It is better appreciated now that further power scaling requires significant high-order-mode suppression in addition to a large effective mode area in a fiber. In recent years, we have shown that all-solid photonic bandgap fibers are a superior approach due to their unsurpassed higher-order-mode suppression in large-mode-area designs, making them well suited for applications at high average powers. We will review of some of the recent progress, challenges, and prospects of all-solid photonic bandgap fibers in this invited paper. C1 [Dong, Liang; Kong, Fanting; Gu, Guancheng; Hawkins, Thomas Wade; Jones, Maxwell; Parsons, Joshua; Kalichevsky-Dong, Monica T.] Clemson Univ, Anderson, SC 29625 USA. [Saitoh, Kunimasa] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Informat Sci & Technol, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600814, Japan. [Pulford, Benjamin; Dajani, Iyad] Kirtland Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Dong, L (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Anderson, SC 29625 USA. EM dong4@clemson.edu; fantink@clemson.edu; ggu@clemson.edu; hawkin2@clemson.edu; maxwel6@clemson.edu; parson2@clemson.edu; mkalich@clemson.edu; ksaitoh@ist.hokudai.ac.jp; benjamin.pulford@us.af.mil; iyad.dajani@us.af.mil FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory; U.S. Army Research Office through Joint Technology Office MRI program [W911NF-10-1-0423] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office under Contract/Grant W911NF-10-1-0423 through a Joint Technology Office MRI program. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X EI 1558-4542 J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 22 IS 2 AR 4900207 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2015.2451012 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA CQ7NI UT WOS:000360790500001 ER PT J AU Carrese, PO AF Carrese, Paul O. TI Constitutionalist Political Science: Rediscovering Storing's Philosophical Moderation SO AMERICAN POLITICAL THOUGHT LA English DT Article ID CRITIQUE; ESSAYS AB In an era concerned with dysfunction in American politics, polarization, and the relevance of academia for ameliorating these problems, the fiftieth anniversary of a debate about American political science permits rediscovery of the philosophical balance and breadth of Herbert Storing. His constitutionalist political science embodied a broad conception of American principles that emphasized founding debates and their continuing echoes in policies and thought, as well as a post-Progressive appreciation for assessing ends and enduring truths of free government. Storing's science anticipates, but contrasts favorably with, the narrower methodological pluralism of the recent Perestroika movement; it developed a philosophical moderation that analyzed alternatives and extremes in both ideas and politics but appreciated intellectual and political blending that sought higher middle grounds; and it focused on leadership or statesmanship in a way that addresses worries over dysfunction, a leadership crisis, and academic relevance more constructively than alternative models of American political science. C1 US Air Force Acad, Polit Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Carrese, PO (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Polit Sci, 6L116 Fairchild Hall, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM paul.carrese@usafa.edu NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-1580 EI 2161-1599 J9 AM POLIT THOUGHT JI Am. Polit. Thought PD SPR PY 2015 VL 4 IS 2 BP 259 EP 288 DI 10.1086/680391 PG 30 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA CO1TC UT WOS:000358937100004 ER PT J AU Goff, GM Showalter, D Black, JT Beck, JA AF Goff, Gary M. Showalter, Daniel Black, Jonathan T. Beck, Joseph A. TI Parameter Requirements for Noncooperative Satellite Maneuver Reconstruction Using Adaptive Filters SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID ORBIT DETERMINATION; PROPAGATION; SPACECRAFT AB The Responsive Orbits division of the Center for Space Research and Assurance in the Aeronautics and Astronautics Department of the Air Force Institute of Technology investigates short-term tactical satellite missions that require frequent maneuvers. Pairing research in designing and conducting avoidance maneuvers with research in detecting and tracking maneuvering satellites sets the stage for developing and improving both areas. Strategies in stochastic filtering, smoothing, multiple model adaptive estimation, and maneuver reconstruction are developed to track a high-priority satellite. The article develops a wide range of simulations that modify the maneuver type, tracking antenna performance, antenna coverage, reconstruction method, filtering approach, and number of postmaneuver passes collected. The results determine the levels of error covariance necessary to perform successful maneuver reconstructions. Additionally, the results provide maneuver reconstruction confidence percentages based on the estimated covariance and number of postmaneuver passes. C1 [Goff, Gary M.; Showalter, Daniel; Black, Jonathan T.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Beck, Joseph A.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Goff, GM (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Black, Jonathan/R-4875-2016 OI Black, Jonathan/0000-0001-9315-3994 NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 38 IS 3 BP 361 EP 374 DI 10.2514/1.G000941 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CO7BG UT WOS:000359311900001 ER PT J AU Sherrill, RE Sinclair, AJ Lovell, TA AF Sherrill, Ryan E. Sinclair, Andrew J. Lovell, T. Alan TI Virtual-Chief Generalization of Hill-Clohessy-Wiltshire to Elliptic Orbits SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE MOTION C1 [Sherrill, Ryan E.; Sinclair, Andrew J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sherrill, RE (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RI Sinclair, Andrew/H-2156-2013 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 38 IS 3 BP 523 EP 527 DI 10.2514/1.G000110 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CO7BG UT WOS:000359311900014 ER PT J AU Konkova, T Mironov, S Korznikov, A Korznikova, G Myshlyaev, MM Semiatin, SL AF Konkova, T. Mironov, S. Korznikov, A. Korznikova, G. Myshlyaev, M. M. Semiatin, S. L. TI An EBSD investigation of cryogenically-rolled Cu-30%Zn brass SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE Cu-30Zn brass; Grain refinement; Cryogenic deformation; Electron backscatter diffraction; Grain structure; Texture ID POLYCRYSTALLINE FCC METALS; MG-SI ALLOY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ROLLING TEXTURES; DEFORMATION; COPPER; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Electron backscatter diffraction was used to study grain structure development in heavily cryogenically-rolled Cu-30%Zn brass. The produced microstructure was found to be very inhomogeneous. At a relatively coarse scale, it consisted of texture bands having crystallographic orientations close to the alpha- and gamma-fibers. The texture bands contained internal structure comprising shear bands, mechanical twins, and low-angle boundaries. Such features were more pronounced within the gamma-fiber, and this resulted in a heterogeneous ultrafine grain structure. The cryogenic rolling was concluded to be not straightforward for production of nanocrystalline grain structure in Cu-30%Zn brass. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Konkova, T.; Mironov, S.; Korznikov, A.; Korznikova, G.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Superplast Problems, Ufa 450001, Russia. [Mironov, S.] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Proc, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Korznikov, A.] Natl Res Tomsk State Univ, Tomsk 634050, Russia. [Myshlyaev, M. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Baikov Inst Met & Mat Sci, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Semiatin, S. L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mironov, S (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Proc, 6-6-02 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. EM smironov@material.tohoku.ac.jp RI Korznikov, Alexander/F-1473-2014; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Korznikova, Galiya/0000-0001-6646-7357 FU Russian Fund of Fundamental Research [14-02-97004] FX Financial support from the Russian Fund of Fundamental Research (project No. 14-02-97004) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are grateful to P. Klassman for technical assistance during cryogenic rolling. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-5803 EI 1873-4189 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 101 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.matchar.2015.02.004 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CL7IQ UT WOS:000357146100023 ER PT J AU Garmann, DJ Visbal, MR AF Garmann, D. J. Visbal, M. R. TI Interactions of a streamwise-oriented vortex with a finite wing SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE vortex dynamics; vortex flows; vortex interactions ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; FORMATION FLIGHT; VORTICES; IMPLICIT; FLOW; EQUATIONS; SCHEMES; GRIDS; BIRDS AB A canonical study is developed to investigate the unsteady interactions of a streamwise-oriented vortex impinging upon a finite surface using high-fidelity simulation. As a model problem, an analytically defined vortex superimposed on a free stream is convected towards an aspect-ratio-six (AR = 6) plate oriented at an angle of alpha = 4 degrees and Reynolds number of Re = 20 000 in order to characterize the unsteady modes of interaction resulting from different spanwise positions of the incoming vortex. Outboard, tip-aligned and inboard positioning are shown to produce three distinct flow regimes: when the vortex is positioned outboard of, but in close proximity to, the wingtip, it pairs with the tip vortex to form a dipole that propels itself away from the plate through mutual induction, and also leads to an enhancement of the tip vortex. When the incoming vortex is aligned with the wingtip, the tip vortex is initially strengthened by the proximity of the incident vortex, but both structures attenuate into the wake as instabilities arise in the pair's feeding sheets from the entrainment of opposite-signed vorticity into either structure. Finally, when the incident vortex is positioned inboard of the wingtip, the vortex bifurcates in the time-mean sense with portions convecting above and below the wing, and the tip vortex is mostly suppressed. The time-mean bifurcation is actually a result of an unsteady spiralling instability in the vortex core that reorients the vortex as it impacts the leading edge, pinches off, and alternately attaches to either side of the wing. The increased effective angle of attack inboard of impingement enhances the three-dimensional recirculation region created by the separated boundary layer off the leading edge which draws fluid from the incident vortex inboard and diminishes its impact on the outboard section of the wing. The slight but remaining downwash present outboard of impingement reduces the effective angle of attack in that region, resulting in a small separation bubble on either side of the wing in the time-mean solution, effectively unloading the tip outboard of impingement and suppressing the tip vortex. All incident vortex positions provide substantial increases in the wing's lift-to-drag ratio; however, significant sustained rolling moments also result. As the vortex is brought inboard, the rolling moment diminishes and eventually switches sign as the reduced outboard loading balances the augmented sectional lift inboard of impingement. C1 [Garmann, D. J.; Visbal, M. R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Garmann, DJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Daniel.Garmann@us.af.mil FU AFOSR FX This work is supported in part by AFOSR under a task monitored by Dr D. Smith and also by a grant of HPC time from the DoD HPC Shared Resource Centers at AFRL and ERDC. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 767 BP 782 EP 810 DI 10.1017/jfm.2015.51 PG 29 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA CL5MY UT WOS:000357005200004 ER PT J AU Zhang, LM Steckling, B Lucero, A Schmitt-Sody, A White, W Shiffler, D AF Zhang, Liangmin Steckling, Benjamin Lucero, Adrian Schmitt-Sody, Andreas White, William Shiffler, Donald TI Third-order optical nonlinearity effect of DNA- and polyvinylpyrrolidone-functionalized carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF NONLINEAR OPTICAL PHYSICS & MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Multiwalled carbon nanotube; third-order optical nonlinear susceptibility; optical power limiting; nonlinear optical absorption; z-scan technique ID SOLUBILIZATION; SEPARATION; WATER AB We have used single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to disperse multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in water solution through sonication and centrifuge procedures. The advantage of these two polymers is that they do not need toxic organic solvents to distribute the carbon nanotubes. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique has been used to investigate the interaction between polymer molecules and MWNTs. The images show that MWNTs can be distributed effectively into the two polymer solutions. The third-order optical susceptibility, nonlinear optical absorption coefficient and optical power limiting of these dispersions have been characterized experimentally using a femtosecond laser system with a tunable range of 750-850 nm. The imaginary part of the third-order optical susceptibility has also been computed. C1 [Zhang, Liangmin] Calif State Univ Stanislaus, Dept Phys Phys Sci & Geol, Turlock, CA 95382 USA. [Steckling, Benjamin] Arkansas State Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Arkansas Ctr Laser Applicat & Sci, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Lucero, Adrian; Schmitt-Sody, Andreas; White, William; Shiffler, Donald] Kirtland Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Zhang, LM (reprint author), Calif State Univ Stanislaus, Dept Phys Phys Sci & Geol, Turlock, CA 95382 USA. EM lzhang@csustan.edu FU ASEE [FA 9550-09-C-0114] FX We would like to thank Julieanne Heffernan, Sabrina Maestas and Brant Danner for the assistance in completion of this work. We are also grateful to the grant support from ASEE, Grant No. FA 9550-09-C-0114. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 9 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-8635 EI 1793-6624 J9 J NONLINEAR OPT PHYS JI J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 24 IS 1 AR 1550008 DI 10.1142/S0218863515500083 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA CJ8KS UT WOS:000355749800008 ER EF