FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Starling, DJ Storer, I Howland, GA AF Starling, David J. Storer, Ian Howland, Gregory A. TI Compressive sensing spectroscopy with a single pixel camera SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID HADAMARD; SPECTROMETER; MATRIX; TRANSFORMS AB Spectrometry requires high spectral resolution and high photometric precision while also balancing cost and complexity. We address these requirements by employing a compressive-sensing camera capable of improving signal acquisition speed and sensitivity in limited signal scenarios. In particular, we implement a fast single pixel spectrophotometer with no moving parts and measure absorption and emission spectra comparable with commercial products. Our method utilizes Hadamard matrices to sample the spectra and then minimizes the total variation of the signal. The experimental setup includes standard optics and a grating, a low-cost digital micromirror device, and an intensity detector. The resulting spectrometer produces a 512 pixel spectrum with low mean-squared error and up to a 90% reduction in data acquisition time when compared with a standard spectrophotometer. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Starling, David J.; Storer, Ian] Penn State Univ, Div Sci, 76 Univ Dr, Hazleton, PA 18229 USA. [Howland, Gregory A.] Air Force Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Starling, DJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Div Sci, 76 Univ Dr, Hazleton, PA 18229 USA. EM starling@psu.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [LRIR 14RI02COR]; National Academy of Sciences (NAS) (NRC Associateship); Pennsylvania State University (PSU) (Research Development Grant) FX Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (LRIR 14RI02COR); National Academy of Sciences (NAS) (NRC Associateship); Pennsylvania State University (PSU) (Research Development Grant). NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 1 PY 2016 VL 55 IS 19 BP 5198 EP 5202 DI 10.1364/AO.55.005198 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA DR1TH UT WOS:000379687300033 PM 27409210 ER PT J AU Myers, D Batta, R Karwan, M AF Myers, David Batta, Rajan Karwan, Mark TI A real-time network approach for including obstacles and flight dynamics in UAV route planning SO JOURNAL OF DEFENSE MODELING AND SIMULATION-APPLICATIONS METHODOLOGY TECHNOLOGY-JDMS LA English DT Article DE Unmanned systems; network methods modeling obstacles; flight time calculation ID UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES; EUCLIDEAN SHORTEST PATHS; BARRIERS; ENVIRONMENT; GENERATION; ASSIGNMENT; OPERATIONS; ALGORITHM; AIRCRAFT; PLANE AB The procedure presented within considers the problem of calculating flight time for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) while incorporating a subset of important flight dynamics characteristics in an operational field that contains obstacles. These flight time calculations are parameter inputs in mission planning and dynamic reassignment problems. The addition of pseudonodes and the addition of penalties into the associated edge weights are the basis for how the network generation procedure includes flight dynamics. The procedure includes a method for handling pop-up targets or obstacles in a dynamic reassignment problem. To guarantee that the optimal path includes flight dynamics, a selective Dijkstra's algorithm computes the shortest path. A complex mission plan consisting of thirty targets and three obstacles is the largest test scenario of nine developed scenarios. Our network generation procedure, along with the shortest path calculations of all 992 node pairs of interest, solves in approximately one second. This procedure allows for the fast computation needed to generate parameters for use in a dynamic domain such as mission planning and dynamic reassignment algorithms. C1 [Myers, David] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Batta, Rajan; Karwan, Mark] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, 410 Bell Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Batta, R (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, 410 Bell Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM batta@buffalo.edu NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1548-5129 EI 1557-380X J9 J DEF MODEL SIMUL-AP JI J. Def. Model. Simul.-Appl. Methodol. Technol.-JDMS PD JUL PY 2016 VL 13 IS 3 BP 291 EP 306 DI 10.1177/1548512916630183 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA DR3VO UT WOS:000379830900003 ER PT J AU Connors, CD Miller, JO Lunday, BJ AF Connors, Casey D. Miller, J. O. Lunday, Brian J. TI Using agent-based modeling and a designed experiment to simulate and analyze a new air-to-air missile SO JOURNAL OF DEFENSE MODELING AND SIMULATION-APPLICATIONS METHODOLOGY TECHNOLOGY-JDMS LA English DT Article DE agent-based modeling; simulation; combat modeling; weapons systems analysis; design of experiments AB New weapons system analysis is a field with much interest and study due to the enduring requirement for militaries to improve their set of tactical capabilities. Moreover, as development, testing, fielding, and employment of any new weapon system can be quite costly, justifications of acquisition decisions must be deliberate and thorough to improve necessary capabilities at the least possible cost. Informing these decisions, via analyses of the weapons systems' benefits and costs, yields better decisions. Our goal herein is to demonstrate a sound methodology to efficiently attain information about the potential benefits, known as key performance parameters (KPPs), of a particular weapon system. Utilizing a simple, unclassified scenario, we identify benefits that the small advanced capability missile (SACM) concept provides, and we demonstrate a basis for further investigation into the tactics used to leverage its capabilities. Within this study, we substitute unclassified data from Lockheed Martin's Cuda prototype for the SACM concept. Furthermore, we discuss how each of the chosen study factors influences the air combat scenario. Ultimately, we establish the usefulness of a designed experimental approach to analysis of agent-based combat simulation models, which yields useful insights during the acquisition process about the complex interactions of different actors on the battlefield. C1 [Connors, Casey D.; Miller, J. O.; Lunday, Brian J.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Operat Sci, AFIT ENS,2950 HobsonWay, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Miller, JO (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Operat Sci, AFIT ENS,2950 HobsonWay, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM john.miller@afit.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1548-5129 EI 1557-380X J9 J DEF MODEL SIMUL-AP JI J. Def. Model. Simul.-Appl. Methodol. Technol.-JDMS PD JUL PY 2016 VL 13 IS 3 BP 321 EP 330 DI 10.1177/1548512915616873 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA DR3VO UT WOS:000379830900005 ER PT J AU Peifer, DC AF Peifer, Douglas Carl TI German Historians and the Bombing of German Cities: The Contested Air War SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Peifer, Douglas Carl] US Air War Coll, Montgomery, AL 36112 USA. RP Peifer, DC (reprint author), US Air War Coll, Montgomery, AL 36112 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 EI 1543-7795 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 80 IS 3 BP 942 EP 943 PG 2 WC History SC History GA DQ5ZK UT WOS:000379283600056 ER PT J AU Deters, D Fowler, SL Orozco, R Smith, PR Spurlock, S Blackmon, D Thomas, S AF Deters, Darlene Fowler, Stephanie L. Orozco, Raymundo Smith, Patrick R. Spurlock, Shelby Blackmon, Darlene Thomas, Samantha TI Myasthenia Gravis Presentation After a Cervical Laminectomy With Fusion SO DIMENSIONS OF CRITICAL CARE NURSING LA English DT Article DE Myasthenia gravis crisis; Neurology; Progressive weakness AB Myasthenia gravis is a chronic neuromuscular disorder that causes skeletal muscle weakness. Typically, myasthenia gravis affects the ocular, bulbar, neck, proximal limbs, and respiratory muscles. Although the presentation is typically observed with complaints of vision and bulbar symptoms such as diplopia, dystonia, and dysphagia, this article presents a case study of an elderly man with a history of increasing upper extremity weakness with complaints of worsening hand dexterity and intermittent episodes of expressive aphasia. After cervical laminectomy with fusion, this gentleman was admitted to the medical intensive care unit, in a complete myasthenic crisis. C1 [Deters, Darlene] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Ctr Nursing Sci & Clin Inquiry, Joint Base Ft Sam Houston, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Fowler, Stephanie L.; Orozco, Raymundo; Smith, Patrick R.; Spurlock, Shelby; Blackmon, Darlene; Thomas, Samantha] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Crit Care Nursing Serv, Joint Base Ft Sam Houston, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Orozco, Raymundo; Smith, Patrick R.] US Army, Washington, DC USA. [Thomas, Samantha] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. RP Deters, D (reprint author), 3551 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM darlene.r.deters.civ@mail.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0730-4625 EI 1538-8646 J9 DIMENS CRIT CARE NUR JI Dimens. Crit. Care Nurs. PD JUL-AUG PY 2016 VL 35 IS 4 BP 190 EP 194 DI 10.1097/DCC.0000000000000189 PG 5 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA DQ3TT UT WOS:000379127000004 PM 27258955 ER PT J AU Barnes, CJ Visbal, MR Huang, PG AF Barnes, C. J. Visbal, M. R. Huang, P. G. TI On the effects of vertical offset and core structure in streamwise-oriented vortex-wing interactions SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE flow-structure interactions; vortex instability; vortex interactions ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; FORMATION FLIGHT; VORTICES; BREAKDOWN; SCHEMES; EQUATIONS; FLOWS; PLATE; FIN AB This article explores the three-dimensional flow structure of a streamwise-oriented vortex incident on a finite aspect-ratio wing. The vertical positioning of the incident vortex relative to the wing is shown to have a significant impact on the unsteady flow structure. A direct impingement of the streamwise vortex produces a spiralling instability in the vortex just upstream of the leading edge, reminiscent of the helical instability modes of a Batchelor vortex. A small negative vertical offset develops a more pronounced instability while a positive vertical offset removes the instability altogether. These differences in vertical position are a consequence of the upstream influence of pressure gradients provided by the wing. Direct impingement or a negative vertical offset subject the vortex to an adverse pressure gradient that leads to a reduced axial velocity and diminished swirl conducive to hydrodynamic instability. Conversely, a positive vertical offset removes instability by placing the streamwise vortex in line with a favourable pressure gradient, thereby enhancing swirl and inhibiting the growth of unstable modes. In every case, the helical instability only occurs when the properties of the incident vortex fall within the instability threshold predicted by linear stability theory. The influence of pressure gradients associated with separation and stall downstream also have the potential to introduce suction-side instabilities for a positive vertical offset. The influence of the wing is more severe for larger vortices and diminishes with vortex size due to weaker interaction and increased viscous stability. Helical instability is not the only possible outcome in a direct impingement. Jet-like vortices and a higher swirl ratio in wake-like vortices can retain stability upon impact, resulting in the laminar vortex splitting over either side of the wing. C1 [Barnes, C. J.; Visbal, M. R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Huang, P. G.] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Barnes, CJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM caleb.barnes.1@us.af.mil FU AFOSR FX This work was supported in part by AFOSR under a task monitored by Dr D. Smith, and by a grant of HPC time from the DoD HPC Major Shared Resource Center at AFRL, WPAFB. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 799 BP 128 EP 158 DI 10.1017/jfm.2016.320 PG 31 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA DQ3YX UT WOS:000379141100011 ER PT J AU Pilmanis, AA Balldin, UI Fischer, JR AF Pilmanis, Andrew A. Balldin, Ulf I. Fischer, Joseph R. TI Cognition Effects of Low-Grade Hypoxia SO AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE cognition; performance; hypoxia ID MILD ACUTE HYPOXIA; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; 8,000 FEET; ALTITUDE AB INTRODUCTION: The effects of low-grade hypoxia on cognitive function are reported in this paper. The study compared cognitive function during short exposures at four different altitudes. METHODS: Ninety-one subjects were exposed to simulated altitudes of ground level, 1524, 2438, and 3658 m (5000, 8000, and 12,000 ft) in the Brooks City-Base altitude pressure chamber in a balanced design. Oxygen saturation, heart rate, and cognitive performance on seven different cognitive tasks were measured. In addition, subjects indicated their symptoms from a 33-item subjective symptom survey. RESULTS: As designed, oxygen saturation decreased and heart rate increased with higher altitudes. Very small degradations in performance were found at the two highest altitudes for only two of the cognitive tasks (continuous performance and grammatical reasoning). In the subjective symptom survey, 18 of the 33 possible symptoms were more common at 3658 m (12,000 ft) than at ground level. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicated a minimal influence of low-grade hypoxia on cognitive performance in contrast to some existing classic symptoms of hypoxia. C1 US Air Force Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [Pilmanis, Andrew A.; Balldin, Ulf I.; Fischer, Joseph R.] Wyle Sci Engn & Technol Grp, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Pilmanis, AA (reprint author), 464 Coffee Circle, Pottsboro, TX 75076 USA. EM apilmanis@aol.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA 8650-04-D-6472 TO]; U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine contract, Brooks City-Base, TX [FA8650-12-D-6280] FX This research was sponsored, in part, by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Contract FA 8650-04-D-6472 TO#1, and U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine contract FA8650-12-D-6280, Brooks City-Base, TX. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 2375-6314 EI 2375-6322 J9 AEROSP MED HUM PERF JI Aerosp. Med.Hum. Perform. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 87 IS 7 BP 596 EP 603 DI 10.3357/AMHP.4558.2016 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Research & Experimental Medicine GA DP4LB UT WOS:000378466300002 PM 27503038 ER PT J AU Enloe, CL Mangina, RS Font, GI AF Enloe, C. L. Mangina, R. S. Font, G. I. TI Normalized Electronegative Species Effects in the Dielectric-Barrier-Discharge Plasma Actuator SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Time-resolved and time-averaged net force (electrohydrodynamic force plus viscous drag) are presented for a dielectric-barrier-discharge-based aerodynamic plasma actuator operated in artificial atmospheres composed of nitrogen (N-2) with various concentrations of electronegative gasses: 1-20% oxygen (O-2) and 0.01-0.34% sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). It is possible to deconvolve and isolate the role of oxygen to the negative-going or forward stroke of the discharge and to the region of parameter space with high E/n: a change in oxygen content by a factor of 20 yields only a 20% increase in force produced when 12 kV AC is applied to the system but yields a 170% increase when the voltage amplitude is increased by less than a factor of 2, to 20 kV applied. It is shown that substituting SF6 for O-2 produces a mild net increase in force production that saturates at very low SF6 concentrations (0.1%) and that the increase is limited because of substantial (50%) losses of the momentum to drag even though the momentum input is increased by a factor of 2. C1 [Enloe, C. L.; Mangina, R. S.; Font, G. I.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Enloe, CL (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 54 IS 7 BP 2061 EP 2068 DI 10.2514/1.J054551 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DP5FN UT WOS:000378521600004 ER PT J AU Leger, T Bisek, N Poggie, J AF Leger, Timothy Bisek, Nicholas Poggie, Jonathan TI Supersonic Corner Flow Predictions Using the Quadratic Constitutive Relation SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; TURBULENT-FLOW; SQUARE DUCT; LINE RELAXATION; MODELS AB A series of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations is performed for a supersonic wall-bounded turbulent corner flow. These simulations are compared to a high-order implicit large-eddy simulation for the same geometry and flow conditions. Inclusion of the quadratic constitutive relation in the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulation results in significant improvement in qualitative agreement with the large-eddy simulation: specifically, the presence of secondary flow (a counter-rotating vortex pair). The range of valid values for the constant in the quadratic constitutive relation formulation is explored. Additionally, the effects on this range from different turbulence models and momentum thickness Reynolds numbers for the corner are also examined. These effects of the quadratic constitutive relation are explored using both the finite difference fluid solver OVERFLOW and the finite volume fluid solver US3D. The results indicate that the quadratic constitutive relation term directly affects the strength of the vortex pair in the secondary flow and that its influence appears directly dependent on all the aforementioned parameters. C1 [Leger, Timothy; Bisek, Nicholas] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Poggie, Jonathan] Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Leger, Timothy] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. RP Leger, T (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.leger.ctr@us.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [14RQ18COR, 16RQCOR373] FX This project was funded in part by U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) contract LRIR tasks 14RQ18COR and 16RQCOR373, monitored by I. Leyva. The authors wish to thank the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Center for computer time and G. Candler for the use of the US3D solver. Additional computer hours were provided under a U.S. Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program Frontier Project (R. Gosse, Principal Investigator). NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 54 IS 7 BP 2077 EP 2088 DI 10.2514/1.J054732 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DP5FN UT WOS:000378521600006 ER PT J AU Bae, HR Alyanak, E AF Bae, Ha-Rok Alyanak, Ed TI Sequential Subspace Reliability Method with Univariate Revolving Integration SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POLYNOMIAL CHAOS EXPANSION; DIMENSION-REDUCTION METHOD; DESIGN OPTIMIZATION; DECOMPOSITION; 1ST-ORDER; SYSTEMS; CODE AB A new computational framework called the sequential subspace reliability method (SSRM) is presented. This method decomposes the multidimensional random space into multiple two-dimensional subspaces. In this manner, SSRM is able to approximate bivariate interaction effects. When the reliability estimate contribution is calculated subspace by subspace, the final assessment is updated in a progressive manner. The iterative history of sequential reliability assessment can be used to understand the complexity and convergence behavior of the limit state function of interest. In a decision-making situation, the flexibility of the proposed SSRM to provide iterative updates on reliability estimation becomes especially valuable in dealing with large-scale and complex problems under the constraints of limited time and resources. To calculate the individual subspace contributions, a novel univariate revolving integration (URI) method is proposed. The URI method takes advantage of the axisymmetric nature of a joint probability density function and provides an additional layer of flexibility in updating the reliability contribution within each subspace. This flexibility allows the estimation of bivariate and high-order effects to be addressed if resources allow. Additionally, URI is composed of multiple one-dimensional integrals that allow the use of regression models to be used with high confidence. The computational benefits of using the proposed method is demonstrated with several numerical examples of mathematical, structural, and an aircraft conceptual sizing problem. C1 [Bae, Ha-Rok] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Alyanak, Ed] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bae, HR (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 54 IS 7 BP 2160 EP 2170 DI 10.2514/1.J054646 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DP5FN UT WOS:000378521600012 ER PT J AU Houk, T DiSilvestro, R Jensen, M AF Houk, Timothy DiSilvestro, Russell Jensen, Mark TI Smoke and Mirrors: Subverting Rationality, Positive Freedom, and Their Relevance to Nudging and/or Smoking Policies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Houk, Timothy] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [DiSilvestro, Russell] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Jensen, Mark] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP DiSilvestro, R (reprint author), Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Philosophy, 3030 Mendocino Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM rdisilv@csus.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 5 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1526-5161 EI 1536-0075 J9 AM J BIOETHICS JI Am. J. Bioeth. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 16 IS 7 BP 20 EP 22 DI 10.1080/15265161.2016.1180452 PG 3 WC Ethics; Medical Ethics; Social Issues; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Medical Ethics; Social Issues; Biomedical Social Sciences GA DP5VS UT WOS:000378566900007 PM 27292841 ER PT J AU Windom, B Won, SH Reuter, CB Jiang, B Ju, YG Hammack, S Ombrello, T Carter, C AF Windom, Bret Won, Sang Hee Reuter, Christopher B. Jiang, Bo Ju, Yiguang Hammack, Stephen Ombrello, Timothy Carter, Campbell TI Study of ignition chemistry on turbulent premixed flames of n-heptane/air by using a reactor assisted turbulent slot burner SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Turbulent burning velocity; kHz LIF diagnostic; Low temperature ignition; Flashback; n-Heptane ID SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE; BURNING VELOCITY; ELEVATED PRESSURES; HYDROCARBON FUELS; AIR MIXTURES; COMBUSTION; PROPAGATION; SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; FLASHBACK AB The changes in flame structure and burning velocity of premixed n-heptane/air flames associated with ignition chemistry have been investigated in a reactor-assisted turbulent slot (RATS) burner. Two distinct turbulent flame regimes are identified by varying the flow residence time and reactor temperature. A chemically frozen (CF) regime is observed at a reactor temperature of 450 K and a low-temperature ignition (LTI) regime is identified at 650 K. At a reactor temperature of 450 K, the measured turbulent burning velocities (S-T) exhibit a monotonic trend, proportional only to the turbulent intensity and laminar flame speed (S-L) calculated with the initial fuel/air mixture. At a reactor temperature of 650 K, S-T initially decreases with increasing flow residence times (decreasing turbulent intensity) but then increases once the reactor flow residence time exceeds the LTI delay. Furthermore, S-T in the LTI regime exhibits a strong correlation with the extent of low-temperature reactivity (defined by CH2O concentration). The species distributions at the exit of the RATS burner after the onset of LTI are quantified by gas sampling chromatography and used to compute the changes in Si, and mixture Lewis number (Le), which are shown to substantially change after the onset of LTI. Damkohler's scaling analysis indicates that the increase in S-T in the LTI regime originates from an increase in S-L, a decrease in Le, and an increase in turbulence intensity due to the heat release from the low-temperature chemistry. To examine the role of ignition chemistry on flame stability, flame flashback measurements have been performed by varying mean jet velocities and n-heptaneiair mixture equivalence ratios for reactor temperatures of 450 and 650 K. Measurements at 650 K imply the strong influence of high-temperature ignition on flame stability phenomena. (C) 2016 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Windom, Bret; Won, Sang Hee; Reuter, Christopher B.; Jiang, Bo; Ju, Yiguang] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Windom, Bret] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. [Jiang, Bo] Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut, Coll Energy & Power Engn, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Hammack, Stephen] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ombrello, Timothy; Carter, Campbell] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Won, SH (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM sangwon@princeton.edu FU AFOSR Research Grant [FA9550-12-1-0140]; Air Force Research Laboratory, Aerospace Systems Directorate; China Scholarship Council FX This work was supported by the AFOSR Research Grant FA9550-12-1-0140 and by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Aerospace Systems Directorate. BJ was supported by the China Scholarship Council. The authors sincerely thank Prof. Tonghun Lee (University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign) for help with kHz PLIF measurements. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUL PY 2016 VL 169 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.02.031 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DP6CD UT WOS:000378583600003 ER PT J AU Stough, LM Sharp, AN Resch, JA Decker, C Wilker, N AF Stough, Laura M. Sharp, Amy N. Resch, J. Aaron Decker, Curt Wilker, Nachama TI Barriers to the long-term recovery of individuals with disabilities following a disaster SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE disability; disaster; Hurricane Katrina; recovery ID HURRICANE KATRINA; VULNERABILITY; POPULATIONS; CHILDREN; NEEDS AB This study examines how pre-existing disabling conditions influenced the recovery process of survivors of Hurricane Katrina. It focuses specifically on the barriers that hindered the recovery process in these individuals. Focus groups were convened in four Gulf Coast states with 31 individuals with disabilities who lived in or around New Orleans, Louisiana, prior to Hurricane Katrina in August 2005. Qualitative data were analysed using grounded theory methodology. Five themes emerged as the most significant barriers to recovery: housing; transportation; employment; physical and mental health; and accessing recovery services. While these barriers to recovery were probably common to most survivors of the disaster, the research results suggest that disability status enhanced the challenges that participants experienced in negotiating the recovery process and in acquiring resources that accommodated their disabilities. The findings indicate that, when disaster recovery services and resources did not accommodate the needs of individuals with disabilities, recovery was hindered. Recovery efforts should include building accessible infrastructure and services that will allow for participation by all. C1 [Stough, Laura M.] Texas A&M Univ, Educ Psychol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Stough, Laura M.; Sharp, Amy N.] Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Disabil & Dev, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Resch, J. Aaron] US Air Force, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Decker, Curt; Wilker, Nachama] Natl Disabil Rights Network, Washington, DC USA. [Wilker, Nachama] Natl Disabil Rights Network, Training, Washington, DC USA. RP Stough, LM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Educ Psychol, Mail Stop 4225, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. EM lstough@tamu.edu FU Katrina Aid Today programme FX Preparation of this manuscript was supported in part by a grant to the National Disability Rights Network from the Katrina Aid Today programme. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Christina Knight to this research. Data analysed for this manuscript was collected as part of an evaluation of the Katrina Aid Today programme. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-3666 EI 1467-7717 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUL PY 2016 VL 40 IS 3 BP 387 EP 410 DI 10.1111/disa.12161 PG 24 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA DP5VK UT WOS:000378565900002 PM 26577837 ER PT J AU Chen, FS Shen, LX Suter, BW AF Chen, Feishe Shen, Lixin Suter, Bruce W. TI Computing the proximity operator of the (p) norm with 0 < p < 1 SO IET SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE image coding; image restoration; Newton method; proximity operator; sparse modelling; soft-thresholding estimators; hard-thresholding estimators; iterative Newton method; (p)-regularisation; compressive sensing; image restoration ID DECOMPOSITION AB Sparse modelling with the (p) norm of 0 p 1 requires the availability of the proximity operator of the (p) norm. The proximity operators of the (0) and (1) norms are the well-known hard- and soft-thresholding estimators, respectively. In this study, the authors give a complete study on the properties of the proximity operator of the (p) norm. Based on these properties, explicit formulas of the proximity operators of the (1/2) norm and (2/3) norm are derived with simple proofs; for other values of p, an iterative Newton's method is developed to compute the proximity operator of the (p) norm by fully exploring the available proximity operators of the (0), (1/2), (2/3), and (1) norms. As applications, the proximity operator of the (p) norm with 0 p 1 is applied to the (p)-regularisation for compressive sensing and image restoration. C1 [Chen, Feishe; Shen, Lixin] Syracuse Univ, Dept Math, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Suter, Bruce W.] Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RITB, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Shen, LX (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Math, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM lshen03@syr.edu FU National Research Council via the Air Force Office of Scientific Research; US National Science Foundation [DMS-1115523, DMS-1522332] FX This research was supported in part by an award from the National Research Council via the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and by the US National Science Foundation under grants DMS-1115523 and DMS-1522332. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-9675 EI 1751-9683 J9 IET SIGNAL PROCESS JI IET Signal Process. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 10 IS 5 BP 557 EP 565 DI 10.1049/iet-spr.2015.0244 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA DP8CF UT WOS:000378724800016 ER PT J AU Sabelkin, V Mall, S Cook, TS Fish, J AF Sabelkin, V. Mall, S. Cook, T. S. Fish, J. TI Fatigue and creep behaviors of a SiC/SiC composite under combustion and laboratory environments SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Ceramic-matrix composites; high-temperature mechanical testing; creep; fatigue; combustion and laboratory environment ID SIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; CHEMICAL-VAPOR INFILTRATION AB A ceramic-matrix composite, consisting of five-harness satin Hi-Nicalon fiber in silicon carbide matrix prepared by slurry melt infiltration method, was characterized for tension-tension fatigue and creep behaviors under the combustion and laboratory environments at 1205?. There was about 100 times reduction in fatigue life under the combustion environment in comparison to the laboratory environment. There was about 50 times reduction in the creep life under the combustion environment in comparison to the laboratory environment. The combustion caused more embrittlement in the tested CMC than the laboratory environment, and it was more in fatigue than creep under the combustion environment only. C1 [Sabelkin, V.; Mall, S.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cook, T. S.] Rolls Royce Corp, Design Syst Engn, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Fish, J.] Columbia Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 19 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 EI 1530-793X J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 50 IS 16 BP 2145 EP 2153 DI 10.1177/0021998315602323 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA DP5RF UT WOS:000378554400001 ER PT J AU MacKunis, W Leve, F Patre, PM Fitz-Coy, N Dixon, WE AF MacKunis, W. Leve, F. Patre, P. M. Fitz-Coy, N. Dixon, W. E. TI Adaptive neural' network-based satellite attitude control in the presence of CMG uncertainty SO AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MANIPULATORS; VELOCITY; VEHICLE; INERTIA AB An attitude tracking controller is developed for control moment gyroscope (CMG)-actuated satellites, which is shown to achieve accurate attitude tracking in the presence of unmodeled external disturbance torques, parametric uncertainty, and nonlinear CMG disturbances. Since the disturbances/uncertainties do not all satisfy the typical linear-in-the-parameters (LP) assumption, a neural network (NN) is included in the control development. The innovation of the result is the development of a Lyapunov-based design/analysis that indicates exponential convergence to an arbitrarily small domain. The result is obtained despite the characteristics of the uncertainty; the nonvanishing disturbance terms; and the fact that the control input is premultiplied by a non-square, time-varying, nonlinear, uncertain matrix. In addition to the Lyapunov-based analysis, experimental results demonstrate the performance of the developed controller. (C) 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [MacKunis, W.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. [Leve, F.] Kirtland Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Patre, P. M.] TE Connect, Adv Mfg Technol Sect, Harrisburg, PA 17111 USA. [Fitz-Coy, N.; Dixon, W. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP MacKunis, W (reprint author), Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. EM william.mackunis@erau.edu; frederick.leve@us.af.mil; parag.patre@gmail.com; nfc@ufl.edu; wdixon@ufl.edu RI Dixon, Warren/F-5238-2015 OI Dixon, Warren/0000-0002-5091-181X NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1270-9638 EI 1626-3219 J9 AEROSP SCI TECHNOL JI Aerosp. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 54 BP 218 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.ast.2016.04.022 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DP4BS UT WOS:000378441000021 ER PT J AU Ghoreyshi, M Bergeron, K Jirasek, A Seidel, J Lofthouse, AJ Cummings, RM AF Ghoreyshi, Mehdi Bergeron, Keith Jirasek, Adam Seidel, Juergen Lofthouse, Andrew J. Cummings, Russell M. TI Computational aerodynamic modeling for flight dynamics simulation of ram-air parachutes SO AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ram-air parachutes; Linear regression method; Dynamic derivatives AB This work presents a step toward bridging the gap between flight dynamics simulation of ram-air parachutes and high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics. Today's parachute design codes mainly rely on the empirical or semi-empirical methods generated from wind tunnel experiments and drop tests. The outcome of this study will hopefully help to reduce the cost of experiments and drop testing in the design of future canopies and to better understand the aerodynamic characteristics of these geometries. In this work, the parachute geometries were modeled as rigid rectangular wings with an aspect ratio of two and zero anhedral angle. The wings have seven opening cells and the trailing edge is deflected or not deflected. To validate computational methods, the aerodynamic predictions of similar wings, but with closed and round inlets, are compared with experimental data available from the Subsonic Wind Tunnel at United States Air Force Academy. Total lift and drag force coefficients were measured at a Reynolds number of 1.4 million. The results show that computational predictions of fine (closed-inlet) grids match the experimental data very well up to the stall angle. Both experiments and simulations show that closed wings have sharp stalling characteristics. The aerodynamics of closed wings up to stall can be approximated by linear functions and their derivatives. The closed wings show a negative static stability with respect to changes in the angle of attack. The open wings, on other hand, have positive static stability in the longitudinal and lateral directions. The open wings exhibit highly nonlinear unsteady aerodynamic characteristics; they also stall earlier and have higher drag values than the closed wings. The aerodynamic derivatives of open and closed wings were estimated using a linear regression method and training data simulated in small-amplitude oscillations in pitch, yaw, and roll directions. While the open wings have large oscillations in aerodynamic coefficients over the yawing and rolling hysteresis loops, lateral aerodynamic derivatives of the open and closed wings are similar. Finally, the results show that model predictions are reasonably accurate for use in flight-dynamics simulations. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Ghoreyshi, Mehdi; Jirasek, Adam; Seidel, Juergen; Lofthouse, Andrew J.; Cummings, Russell M.] US Air Force Acad, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Bergeron, Keith] US Army Natick Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Ghoreyshi, M (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM mehdi.ghoreyshi@usafa.edu FU USAFA; NSRDEC Airdrop Technology Team; High Performance Computing Research Center at USAFA; US Air Force Academy [FA7000-13-2-0009, FA7000-13-2-0018] FX Mehdi Ghoreyshi and Jurgen Seidel are supported by USAFA; their financial support is gratefully acknowledged. Acknowledgments are expressed to the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) and the AFRL DSRC for providing computer time. The authors appreciate the support provided by the NSRDEC Airdrop Technology Team and the High Performance Computing Research Center at USAFA.; This material is based in part on research sponsored by the US Air Force Academy under agreement numbers FA7000-13-2-0009 and FA7000-13-2-0018. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the US Air Force Academy or the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1270-9638 EI 1626-3219 J9 AEROSP SCI TECHNOL JI Aerosp. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 54 BP 286 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.ast.2016.04.024 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DP4BS UT WOS:000378441000027 ER PT J AU Rosenberger, MR Jones, JP Heller, ER Graham, S King, WP AF Rosenberger, Matthew R. Jones, Jason P. Heller, Eric R. Graham, Samuel King, William P. TI Nanometer-Scale Strain Measurements in AlGaN/GaN High-Electron Mobility Transistors During Pulsed Operation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Atomic force microscopy; gallium nitride (GaN); high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs); semiconductor device reliability; strain measurement ID DEGRADATION EVOLUTION; HEMTS; TEMPERATURE; STRESS; DEPENDENCE; RESISTANCE; DEVICES AB Electric, thermal, and mechanical strain fields drive the degradation of AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The resulting mechanical strains within the devices are particularly important. However, a lack of high-resolution measurements of device deformation has limited progress in understanding the related phenomena. This paper presents the atomic force microscope measurements of thermomechanical deformation of AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices during pulsed operation. We investigate the devices with various operating conditions: drain-source voltage, V-DS, of 0-50 V; drain-source power of 0-6 W/mm; and operating frequency of 55-400 kHz. As V-DS increases, thermomechanical deformation decreases, especially in the region above the gate. An electrothermomechanical model closely matches with and helps to explain the measurements. According to the model, the maximum periodic tensile thermal stress, which occurs at the drain-side edge of the gate footprint, is 55% larger for V-DS = 10 V than for V-DS = 48 V for the same device power. The maximum tensile thermal stress in the device depends on the gate temperature and not the maximum device temperature. As V-DS increases, the hotspot moves away from the gate, leading to lower gate temperature rise and lower tensile thermal stress. C1 [Rosenberger, Matthew R.; King, William P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Jones, Jason P.; Graham, Samuel] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Heller, Eric R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rosenberger, MR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mrosenb5@illinois.edu; jpjones89@gatech.edu; eric.heller@wpafb.af.mil; sgraham@gatech.edu; wpk@illinois.edu FU National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Power Optimization of Electro Thermal Systems [EEC-1449548]; Department of Energy Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act within Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education-Oak Ridge Associated Universities [DE-AC05-06OR23100]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0089] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Power Optimization of Electro Thermal Systems under Grant EEC-1449548, in part by the Department of Energy Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program, made possible in part by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, within the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education-Oak Ridge Associated Universities under Contract DE-AC05-06OR23100, and in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant FA9550-12-1-0089. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor P. J. Fay. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUL PY 2016 VL 63 IS 7 BP 2742 EP 2748 DI 10.1109/TED.2016.2566926 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA DP6KX UT WOS:000378607100016 ER PT J AU MacKenzie, EJ Bosse, MJ Pollak, AN Tornetta, P Carlisle, H Silva, H Bosse, MJ Hsu, JR Karunakar, MA Sims, SH Seymour, RB Churchill, C Hak, DJ Henderson, C Gissel, H Schmidt, A Lafferty, PM Westberg, JR McKinley, T Gaski, G Nelson, A Reid, JS Boateng, HA Warlow, PM Vallier, HA Patterson, BM Boyd, AJ Smith, C Toledano, JE Toledano, JE Kuhn, KM Langensiepen, SB Mazurek, MT Langford, J Harriott, P Hayda, RA Zych, GA Hutson, JJ Rodriguez, D Stinner, D Osborn, PM Mann, DW Jones, CB Sietsema, DL Endres, TJ Cannada, LK Watson, JT Sanders, R Sagi, HC Chan, DS Steverson, B Miclau, T Morshed, S Belaye, T Marsh, JL Karam, MD Westerlind, BO Pollak, AN O'Toole, R Manson, TT Sciadini, MF Nascone, JW Russell, G Bergin, PF Smith, L Teague, DC Carl, K Wells, J Evans, AR Farrell, DJ Maroto, MR Gary, J Burgess, AR Franco, K Firoozabadi, R Sangeorzan, B Obremskey, WT Mir, HR Archer, KR Molina, CS Carroll, E Teasdall, RD Holden, MB Goodman, JB Gordon, W Keeling, J Ceniceros, X Wenke, JC Ficke, JR Keeney, JA Unger, DV MacKenzie, EJ Castillo, RC Scharfstein, DO Reider, L Frey, K Carlini, A De Lissovoy, G Holthaus, R Zadnik-Newell, M Allen, LE AF MacKenzie, Ellen J. Bosse, Michael J. Pollak, Andrew N. Tornetta, Paul, III Carlisle, Hope Silva, Heather Bosse, Michael J. Hsu, Joseph R. Karunakar, Madhav A. Sims, Stephen H. Seymour, Rachel B. Churchill, Christine Hak, David J. Henderson, Corey Gissel, Hannah Schmidt, Andrew Lafferty, Paul M. Westberg, Jerald R. McKinley, Todd Gaski, Greg Nelson, Amy Reid, J. Spence Boateng, Henry A. Warlow, Pamela M. Vallier, Heather A. Patterson, Brendan M. Boyd, Alysse J. Smith, Christopher Toledano, James E. Toledano, James E. Kuhn, Kevin M. Langensiepen, Sarah B. Mazurek, Michael T. Langford, Joshua Harriott, Paula Hayda, Roman A. Zych, Gregory A. Hutson, James J., Jr. Rodriguez, Dinorah Stinner, Daniel Osborn, Patrick M. Mann, Dennis W. Jones, Clifford B. Sietsema, Debra L. Endres, Terrence J. Cannada, Lisa K. Watson, J. Tracy Sanders, Roy Sagi, H. Claude Chan, Daniel S. Steverson, Barbara Miclau, Theodore Morshed, Saam Belaye, Tigist Marsh, J. Lawrence Karam, Matthew D. Westerlind, Brian O. Pollak, Andrew N. O'Toole, Robert Manson, Theodore T. Sciadini, Marcus F. Nascone, Jason W. Russell, George Bergin, Patrick F. Smith, Lori Teague, David C. Carl, Kathy Wells, Janet Evans, Andrew R. Farrell, Dana J. Maroto, Medardo R. Gary, Joshua Burgess, Andrew R. Franco, Kathy Firoozabadi, Reza Sangeorzan, Bruce Obremskey, William T. Mir, Hassan R. Archer, Kristin R. Molina, Cesar S. Carroll, Eben Teasdall, Robert D. Holden, Martha B. Goodman, J. Brett Gordon, Wade Keeling, John Ceniceros, Xochitl Wenke, Joseph C. Ficke, James R. Keeney, James A. Unger, Daniel V. MacKenzie, Ellen J. Castillo, Renan C. Scharfstein, Daniel O. Reider, Lisa Frey, Katherine Carlini, Anthony De Lissovoy, Gregory Holthaus, Rachel Zadnik-Newell, Mary Allen, Lauren E. CA METRC TI Building a Clinical Research Network in Trauma Orthopaedics: The Major Extremity Trauma Research Consortium (METRC) SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA LA English DT Article DE clinical research networks; multicenter trials; METRC; orthopaedic trauma outcomes research ID OPEN FRACTURES; CLASSIFICATION; MULTICENTER; CHALLENGES; TRIALS; WAR; MANAGEMENT; OUTCOMES; BOARD; CARE AB Objectives: Lessons learned from battle have been fundamental to advancing the care of injuries that occur in civilian life. Equally important is the need to further refine these advances in civilian practice, so they are available during future conflicts. The Major Extremity Trauma Research Consortium (METRC) was established to address these needs. Methods: METRC is a network of 22 core level I civilian trauma centers and 4 core military treatment centers-with the ability to expand patient recruitment to more than 30 additional satellite trauma centers for the purpose of conducting multicenter research studies relevant to the treatment and outcomes of orthopaedic trauma sustained in the military. Early measures of success of the Consortium pertain to building of an infrastructure to support the network, managing the regulatory process, and enrolling and following patients in multiple studies. Results: METRC has been successful in maintaining the engagement of several leading, high volume, level I trauma centers that form the core of METRC; together they operatively manage 15,432 major fractures annually. METRC is currently funded to conduct 18 prospective studies that address 6 priority areas. The design and implementation of these studies are managed through a single coordinating center. As of December 1, 2015, a total of 4560 participants have been enrolled. Conclusions: Success of METRC to date confirms the potential for civilian and military trauma centers to collaborate on critical research issues and leverage the strength that comes from engaging patients and providers from across multiple centers. C1 [MacKenzie, Ellen J.; Pollak, Andrew N.; MacKenzie, Ellen J.] Boston Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Tornetta, Paul, III; Carlisle, Hope; Silva, Heather] Carolinas Med Ctr, Charlotte, NC 28203 USA. [Hsu, Joseph R.; Karunakar, Madhav A.; Sims, Stephen H.; Seymour, Rachel B.; Churchill, Christine] Denver Hlth & Hosp Author, Denver, CO USA. [Hak, David J.; Henderson, Corey; Gissel, Hannah] Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. [Hak, David J.; Henderson, Corey; Gissel, Hannah] Reg Hosp, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Schmidt, Andrew; Lafferty, Paul M.; Westberg, Jerald R.] Indiana Univ, Hlth Methodist Hosp, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. [Schmidt, Andrew; Lafferty, Paul M.; Westberg, Jerald R.] St Vincent Indianapolis Hosp, Indianapolis, IN USA. [McKinley, Todd; Gaski, Greg; Nelson, Amy] Hershey Med Ctr, Hershey, PA USA. [Reid, J. Spence; Boateng, Henry A.; Warlow, Pamela M.] Metrohlth Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. [Vallier, Heather A.; Patterson, Brendan M.; Boyd, Alysse J.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Smith, Christopher] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. [Toledano, James E.; Kuhn, Kevin M.; Langensiepen, Sarah B.; Mazurek, Michael T.] Orlando Reg Med Ctr Inc, Orlando, FL USA. [Langford, Joshua; Harriott, Paula] Brown Univ, Rhode Isl Hosp, Providence, RI 02903 USA. [Hayda, Roman A.] Ryder Trauma Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Zych, Gregory A.; Hutson, James J., Jr.; Rodriguez, Dinorah] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. Spectrum Hlth Butterworth Hosp, Grand Rapids, MI USA. [Jones, Clifford B.; Sietsema, Debra L.; Endres, Terrence J.] St Louis Univ Hosp, St Louis, MO USA. [Watson, J. Tracy] Tampa Gen Hosp, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. [Watson, J. Tracy] St Josephs Hosp, Tampa, FL USA. [Sanders, Roy; Sagi, H. Claude; Chan, Daniel S.; Steverson, Barbara] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Orthopaed Trauma Inst, San Francisco, CA USA. [Miclau, Theodore; Morshed, Saam; Belaye, Tigist] Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Marsh, J. Lawrence; Karam, Matthew D.; Westerlind, Brian O.] Univ Maryland, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [O'Toole, Robert; Manson, Theodore T.; Sciadini, Marcus F.; Nascone, Jason W.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Russell, George; Bergin, Patrick F.; Smith, Lori] Univ Oklahoma, Med Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Teague, David C.; Carl, Kathy; Wells, Janet] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Farrell, Dana J.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Maroto, Medardo R.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Gary, Joshua; Burgess, Andrew R.; Franco, Kathy] Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, 325 9Th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Firoozabadi, Reza; Sangeorzan, Bruce] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. [Obremskey, William T.; Mir, Hassan R.; Archer, Kristin R.; Molina, Cesar S.] Wake Forest Univ, Baptist Med Ctr, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Carroll, Eben; Teasdall, Robert D.; Holden, Martha B.; Goodman, J. Brett] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Wenke, Joseph C.] METRC, Lakeland, FL USA. [Keeney, James A.] US Air Force, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Unger, Daniel V.] US Navy, Washington, DC USA. [Unger, Daniel V.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, METRC Coordinating Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. RP MacKenzie, EJ (reprint author), Boston Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. EM emackenz@jhsph.edu FU Department of Defense [W8XWH-09-2-0108, W8XWH-10-2-0090] FX METRC is funded by the Department of Defense through 2 awards from the Peer Reviewed Orthopaedic Research Program (PRORP) of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (CDMRP)-W8XWH-09-2-0108 and W8XWH-10-2-0090. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0890-5339 EI 1531-2291 J9 J ORTHOP TRAUMA JI J. Orthop. Trauma PD JUL PY 2016 VL 30 IS 7 BP 353 EP 361 DI 10.1097/BOT.0000000000000549 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA DO9GM UT WOS:000378093200002 ER PT J AU Li, XN Zhu, Z Yin, XF Wang, FF Gu, W Fu, ZP Lu, YL AF Li, Xiaoning Zhu, Zhu Yin, Xiaofeng Wang, Fangfang Gu, Wen Fu, Zhengping Lu, Yalin TI Enhanced magnetism and light absorption of Eu-doped BiFeO3 SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; NANOPARTICLES; THERAPY; PHOSPHOR; DESIGN; DIODE AB Eu-doped BiFeO3 (BEFO) prepared by a conventional hydrothermal method was with weak magnetism, a good visible light absorption and a weak luminescent broadening peak at 530-590 nm under the UV excitation of 365 nm. When treated by solvothermal method using ammonia as solvent, the remnant magnetization of the sample was increased from 36 to 114 memu/g. Instead, when using ethanol as solvent, the absorbance value was enhanced to be 1.2 at the wavelength range even to 800 nm. However, the results of photoluminescence measurement of post-treated samples suggested that the enhanced light absorption and magnetism will inevitably suppress the photoluminescence. The present work provided a facile way to improve the magnetism and light absorption while maintaining structure and morphology of bismuth ferrite and brought light to the study of interrelationships between the light absorption, magnetism and photoluminescence. C1 [Li, Xiaoning; Zhu, Zhu; Yin, Xiaofeng; Wang, Fangfang; Gu, Wen; Fu, Zhengping; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Fu, Zhengping; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Synerget Innovat Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum P, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Fu, Zhengping; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Fu, ZP; Lu, YL (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China.; Fu, ZP; Lu, YL (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Synerget Innovat Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum P, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China.; Fu, ZP; Lu, YL (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China.; Lu, YL (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China.; Lu, YL (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM fuzp@ustc.edu.cn; yllu@ustc.edu.cn FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB922000]; Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences [KGZD-EW-T06]; Provincial Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Colleges [KJ2014ZD40]; External Cooperation Program of BIC, Chinese Academy of Sciences [211134KYSB20130017] FX This work was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB922000), Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KGZD-EW-T06), the Provincial Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Colleges (KJ2014ZD40) and External Cooperation Program of BIC, Chinese Academy of Sciences (211134KYSB20130017). NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4522 EI 1573-482X J9 J MATER SCI-MATER EL JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Electron. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 27 IS 7 BP 7079 EP 7083 DI 10.1007/s10854-016-4666-3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA DO6MA UT WOS:000377896400060 ER PT J AU Bush, R Kiyota, M Kiyota, C AF Bush, Ralph Kiyota, Michelle Kiyota, Catherine TI Characterization of a Friction Stir Weld in Aluminum Alloy 7055 Using Microhardness, Electrical Conductivity, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MG-CU ALLOYS; HEAT-TREATMENTS; MICROSTRUCTURE; PRECIPITATION; EVOLUTION; STRENGTH; KINETICS; BEHAVIOR; HARDNESS; DISSOLUTION AB Optical microscopy, microhardness, electrical conductivity, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize the microstructure, hardness, and precipitate structure as a function of position in a friction stir weld, naturally aged for 10 years, in aluminum alloy 7055. Results are shown for the as-welded/naturally aged condition and for a weld that was post-aged using a -T76 regimen. The grain structure and microhardness results reveal the expected central recrystallized region, a thermo-mechanical affected zone (TMAZ), and heat-affected zone (HAZ) with typical changes in microhardness. DSC scans for the as-welded/naturally aged condition indicate a precipitate structure similar to that of a naturally aged condition in the central recrystallized region. Maximum precipitate coarsening and overaging occurs near the TMAZ/HAZ boundary with reduced precipitate dissolution and coarsening as the distance from the weld increases. The post-weld aging resulted in the transformation of GP zones to more stable precipitates plus coarsening of the more stable eta' and eta precipitates. A combination of DSC testing and CALPHAD calculations allowed calculation of precipitate volume fraction in the HAZ. The precipitate volume fraction decreased monotonically from 0.052 in the baseline material to 0.044 at the TMAZ/HAZ interface. C1 [Bush, Ralph] US Air Force Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Kiyota, Michelle; Kiyota, Catherine] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Bush, R (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM ralph.bush@usafa.edu NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 47A IS 7 BP 3522 EP 3532 DI 10.1007/s11661-016-3506-7 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DN9XT UT WOS:000377434700030 ER PT J AU Rutledge, JL Polanka, MD Bogard, DG AF Rutledge, James L. Polanka, Marc D. Bogard, David G. TI The Delta Phi Method of Evaluating Overall Film Cooling Performance SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID HEAT-TRANSFER AB Film cooling designs are often evaluated experimentally and characterized in terms of their spatial distributions of adiabatic effectiveness, eta, which is the nondimensionalized form of the adiabatic wall temperature, T-aw. Additionally, film cooling may alter the convective heat transfer coefficient with the possibility of an increase in h that offsets the benefits of reduced T-aw. It is therefore necessary to combine these two effects to give some measure of the benefit of film cooling. The most frequently used method is the net heat flux reduction (NHFR), which gives the fractional reduction in heat flux that accompanies film cooling for the hypothetical case of constant wall temperature. NHFR is imperfect in part due to the fact that this assumption does not account for the primary purpose of film cooling-to reduce the metal temperature to an acceptable level. In the present work, we present an alternative method of evaluating film cooling performance that yields the reduction in metal temperature, or in the nondimensional sense, an increase in phi that would be predicted with film cooling. This Delta phi approach is then applied using experimentally obtained eta and h/h(0) values on a simulated turbine blade leading edge region. The delta-phi approach agrees well with the legacy NHFR technique in terms of the binary question of whether the film cooling is beneficial or detrimental, but provides greater insight into the temperature reduction that a film cooling design would provide an actual turbine component. For example, instead of giving an area-averaged NHFR = 0.67 (indicating a 67% reduction in heat flux through film cooling) on the leading edge region with M = 0.5, the Delta phi approach indicates an increase in phi of 0.061 (or a 61 K surface temperature decrease with a notional value of T-infinity - T-c = 1000 K). Alternatively, the technique may be applied to predict the maximum allowable increase in T-infinity against which a film cooling scheme could protect. C1 [Rutledge, James L.; Polanka, Marc D.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bogard, David G.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Rutledge, JL (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.rutledge@us.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 11 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X EI 1528-8900 J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2016 VL 138 IS 7 AR 071006 DI 10.1115/1.4032456 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA DN5WA UT WOS:000377141000006 ER PT J AU Rutledge, JL Rathsack, TC Van Voorhis, MT Polanka, MD AF Rutledge, James L. Rathsack, Tylor C. Van Voorhis, Matthew T. Polanka, Marc D. TI Film Cooling Parameter Waveforms on a Turbine Blade Leading Edge Model With Oscillating Stagnation Line SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID HEAT-TRANSFER; DENSITY RATIO; HOLES; WAKE; DOWNSTREAM AB It is necessary to understand how film cooling influences the external convective boundary condition involving both the adiabatic wall temperature and the heat transfer coefficient in order to predict the thermal durability of a gas turbine hot gas path component. Most studies in the past have considered only steady flow, but studies of the unsteadiness naturally present in turbine flow have become more prevalent. One source of unsteadiness is wake passage from upstream components which can cause fluctuations in the stagnation location on turbine airfoils. This in turn causes unsteadiness in the behavior of the leading edge coolant jets and thus fluctuations in both the adiabatic effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient. The dynamics of h and eta are now quantifiable with modern inverse heat transfer methods and nonintrusive infrared thermography. The present study involved the application of a novel inverse heat transfer methodology to determine time-resolved adiabatic effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient waveforms on a simulated turbine blade leading edge with an oscillating stagnation position. The leading edge geometry was simulated with a circular cylinder with a coolant hole located 21.5 deg downstream from the leading edge stagnation line, angled 20 deg to the surface and 90 deg to the streamwise direction. The coolant plume is shown to shift in response to the stagnation line movement. These oscillations thus influence the film cooling coverage, and the time-averaged benefit of film cooling is influenced by the oscillation. C1 [Rutledge, James L.; Rathsack, Tylor C.; Van Voorhis, Matthew T.; Polanka, Marc D.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Van Voorhis, Matthew T.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Rutledge, JL (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.rutledge@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors extend their thanks to the Air Force Research Laboratory for their support of this project. The authors also thank Dr. David Bogard for his advice concerning execution of the oscillating stagnation line experiments. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 12 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X EI 1528-8900 J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2016 VL 138 IS 7 AR 071005 DI 10.1115/1.4032455 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA DN5WA UT WOS:000377141000005 ER PT J AU Font, GI AF Font, Gabriel I. TI Computational acceleration of orbital neutral sensor ionizer simulation through phenomena separation SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Computation; DSMC; PIC; Acceleration; Ionosphere; Orbital sensor ID THRUSTER FIRINGS; SATELLITE; ENVIRONMENT; SHUTTLE; PLASMA AB Simulation of orbital phenomena is often difficult because of the non-continuum nature of the flow, which forces the use of particle methods, and the disparate time scales, which make long run times necessary. In this work, the computational work load has been reduced by taking advantage of the low number of collisions between different species. This allows each population of particles to be brought into convergence separately using a time step size optimized for its particular motion. The converged populations are then brought together to simulate low probability phenomena, such as ionization or excitation, on much longer time scales. The result of this technique has the effect of reducing run times by a factor of 10(3)-10(4). The technique was applied to the simulation of a low earth orbit neutral species sensor with an ionizing element. Comparison with laboratory experiments of ion impacts generated by electron flux shows very good agreement. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Font, Gabriel I.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Font, GI (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM gabriel.font@usafa.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2016 VL 316 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2016.02.060 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA DL7DE UT WOS:000375799200001 ER PT J AU Hong, GY Pachter, R AF Hong, Gongyi Pachter, Ruth TI Bound Flavin-Cytochrome Model of Extracellular Electron Transfer in Shewanella oneidensis: Analysis by Free Energy Molecular Dynamics Simulations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID BINDING FREE-ENERGIES; FORCE-FIELD; OXIDE REDUCTION; MR-1; TRANSPORT; CHARGE; EFFICIENT; NANOWIRES; POTENTIALS; MEMBRANE AB Flavins are known to enhance extracellular electron transfer (BET) in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 bacteria, which reduce electron acceptors through outer-membrane (OM) cytochromes c. Free-shuttle and bound-redox cofactor mechanisms were proposed to explain this enhancement, but recent electro-chemical reports favor a flavin-bound model, proposing two one-electron reductions of flavin, namely, oxidized (Ox) to semiquinone (Sq) and semiquinone to hydroquinone (Hq), at anodic and cathodic conditions, respectively. In this work, to provide a mechanistic understanding of riboflavin (RF) binding at the multiheme OM cytochrome OmcA, we explored binding configurations at hemes 2, 5, 7, and 10. Subsequently, on the basis of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, binding free energies and redox potential shifts upon RF binding for the Ox/Sq and Sq/Hq reductions were analyzed. Our results demonstrated an upshift in the Ox/Sq and a downshift in the Sq/Hq redox potentials, consistent with a bound RF OmcA model. Furthermore, binding free energy MD simulations indicated an RF binding preference at heme 7. MD simulations of the OmcA MtrC complex interfacing at hemes S revealed a small interprotein redox potential difference with an electron transfer rate of 10(7)-10(8)/s. C1 [Hong, Gongyi; Pachter, Ruth] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, R (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ruth.pachter@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and computational resources and helpful assistance provided by the AFRL DSRC. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 30 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 25 BP 5617 EP 5624 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b03851 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA DQ8JF UT WOS:000379456200003 PM 27266856 ER PT J AU Barr, SA Kedziora, GS Ecker, AM Moller, JC Berry, RJ Breitzman, TD AF Barr, Stephen A. Kedziora, Gary S. Ecker, Allison M. Moller, James C. Berry, Rajiv J. Breitzman, Tim D. TI Bond breaking in epoxy systems: A combined QM/MM approach SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; PARALLEL COMPUTERS; FRACTURE; GRADIENT; ENERGY; APPROXIMATION; STABILIZATION; DELAMINATION; COMPOSITES AB A novel method to combine quantum mechanics (QM) and molecular mechanics has been developed to accurately and efficiently account for covalent bond breaking in polymer systems under high strain without the use of predetermined break locations. Use of this method will provide a better fundamental understanding of the mechano-chemical origins of fracture in thermosets. Since classical force fields cannot accurately account for bond breaking, and QM is too demanding to simulate large systems, a hybrid approach is required. In the method presented here, strain is applied to the system using a classical force field, and all bond lengths are monitored. When a bond is stretched past a threshold value, a zone surrounding the bond is used in a QM energy minimization to determine which, if any, bonds break. The QM results are then used to reconstitute the system to continue the classical simulation at progressively larger strain until another QM calculation is triggered. In this way, a QM calculation is only computed when and where needed, allowing for efficient simulations. A robust QM method for energy minimization has been determined, as well as appropriate values for the QM zone size and the threshold bond length. Compute times do not differ dramatically from classical molecular mechanical simulations. C1 [Barr, Stephen A.; Ecker, Allison M.; Berry, Rajiv J.; Breitzman, Tim D.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kedziora, Gary S.] Engility Corp, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Berry, Rajiv J.] Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Berry, RJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Rajiv.Berry@us.af.mil FU Low Density Materials program of the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research Task [14RX09COR]; DoD HPCMP; PETTT program FX This work is supported by the Low Density Materials program of the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research Task No. 14RX09COR. The authors would like to thank the DoD HPCMP for supercomputer time and support and the PETTT program for support. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 28 PY 2016 VL 144 IS 24 AR 244904 DI 10.1063/1.4954507 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DQ4HZ UT WOS:000379166100053 PM 27369541 ER PT J AU Shamberger, PJ Wohlwend, JL Roy, AK Voevodin, AA AF Shamberger, Patrick J. Wohlwend, Jennifer L. Roy, Ajit K. Voevodin, Andrey A. TI Investigating Grain Boundary Structures and Energetics of Rutile with Reactive Molecular Dynamics SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONEGATIVITY EQUALIZATION METHOD; FORCE-FIELD; 1ST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS; TIO2 110; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; TIO2(110) SURFACE; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; REAXFF; SIMULATION AB Determining quantitative grain boundary (GB) energies as a function of microscopic orientation parameters is essential in order to understand the population of boundaries present in polycrystalline ceramics and films, and the physical properties that result from these boundaries. Here, we investigate the use of two reactive potentials, COMB3 and ReaxFF, to predict free surface and grain boundary structures and energies in the TiO2 rutile system, and compare these results against previously reported ab initio surface and interfacial energies. We demonstrate reactive MD potentials to be generally capable of reproducing key features anticipated for GB structures and energetics, including relative GB and surface energy, charge distributions and potential for different polar and nonpolar terminations, and energy cusps at low-energy interfaces (e.g., coherent twin boundaries, coherent site lattice boundaries). This work establishes the foundation for further use of reactive MD to simulate libraries of oxide GBs and dynamic processes occurring along those GBs. C1 [Shamberger, Patrick J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Dwight Look Coll Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wohlwend, Jennifer L.; Roy, Ajit K.] US Air Force, Nanoelect Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45459 USA. [Wohlwend, Jennifer L.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. [Voevodin, Andrey A.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Shamberger, PJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Dwight Look Coll Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM patrick.shamberger@tamu.edu RI Shamberger, Patrick/C-4795-2014 OI Shamberger, Patrick/0000-0002-8737-6064 FU AFOSR [14RX13COR] FX We would like to thank Prof. S.B. Sinnott, Prof. A. van Duin, and Dr. T. Liang for informative discussions during the preparation of this manuscript. We would like to thank AFOSR for support of this work (14RX13COR) and the Texas A&M Supercomputing Facility (http://sc.tamu.edu) for computational facilities used in this study. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 23 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 24 BP 13049 EP 13062 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b02695 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DP7FE UT WOS:000378663800014 ER PT J AU Ard, SG Shuman, NS Martinez, O Brown, SA Sawyer, JC Viggiano, AA AF Ard, Shaun G. Shuman, Nicholas S. Martinez, Oscar, Jr. Brown, Steven A. Sawyer, Jordan C. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Reactivity from excited state (FeO+)-Fe-4 + CO sampled through reaction of ground state (FeCO+)-Fe-4 + N2O SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON PHOTOION COINCIDENCE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT KINETICS; GAS-PHASE; 2-STATE REACTIVITY; FEO+; IRON; FE+; ACTIVATION; CHEMISTRY; HYDROGEN AB The kinetics of the FeCO+ + N2O reaction have been studied at thermal energies (300-600 K) using a variable temperature selected ion flow tube apparatus. Rate constants and product branching fractions are reported. The reaction is modestly inefficient, proceeding with a rate constant of 6.2 x 10(-11) cm(3) s(-1) at 300 K, with a small negative temperature dependence, declining to 4.4 x 10(-11) cm(3) s(-1) at 600 K. Both Fe+ and FeO+ products are observed, with a constant branching ratio of approximately 40: 60 at all temperatures. Calculation of the stationary points along the reaction coordinate shows that only the ground state quartet surface is initially sampled resulting in N-2 elimination; a submerged barrier along this portion of the surface dictates the magnitude and temperature dependence of the total rate constant. The product branching fractions are determined by the behavior of the remaining (OFeCO+)-O-4 fragment, and this behavior is compared to that found in the reaction of FeO+ + CO, which initially forms (OFeCO+)-O-6. Thermodynamic and kinetic arguments are used to show that the spin-forbidden surface crossing in this region is efficient, proceeding with an average rate constant of greater than 10(12) s(-1). Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Ard, Shaun G.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Martinez, Oscar, Jr.; Brown, Steven A.; Sawyer, Jordan C.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ard, SG (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-16RVCOR276]; National Research Council Research Associateship Program; Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College [FA9453-10-C-0206]; AFRL Space Scholars program FX We are extremely grateful for the numerous discussions with Jurgen Troe. The work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (No. AFOSR-16RVCOR276). O.M.J. is supported by the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. S.G.A. acknowledges the support from the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College under Contract No. FA9453-10-C-0206. S.A.B. and J.C.S. were supported under the AFRL Space Scholars program. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 21 PY 2016 VL 144 IS 23 AR 234303 DI 10.1063/1.4953553 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DQ2NO UT WOS:000379039300012 PM 27334158 ER PT J AU Vella, JH Goldsmith, JH Browning, AT Limberopoulos, NI Vitebskiy, I Makri, E Kottos, T AF Vella, Jarrett H. Goldsmith, John H. Browning, Andrew T. Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Vitebskiy, Ilya Makri, Eleana Kottos, Tsampikos TI Experimental Realization of a Reflective Optical Limiter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONAL PHOTONIC CRYSTAL; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; NONLINEAR REFRACTION; LASER-PULSES; GAAS; SEMICONDUCTORS; DEFECTS; SILICON AB Optical limiters transmit low-intensity light, while blocking laser radiation with excessively high irradiance or fluence. A typical optical limiter involves a nonlinear material which is transparent at low light intensity and becomes opaque when the light intensity exceeds a certain level. Most of the high-level radiation is absorbed by the nonlinear material causing irreversible damage. This fundamental problem could be solved if the state of the nonlinear material changed from transparent to highly reflective (not absorptive) when the intensity becomes too high. None of the known nonlinear optical materials display such a property. A solution can be provided by a nonlinear photonic structure. In this communication, we report the experimental realization of a reflective optical limiter. The design is based on a planar microcavity composed of alternating SiO2 and Si3N4 layers with a single GaAs defect layer in the middle. At low intensity, the planar microcavity displays a strong resonant transmission via a cavity mode. As the intensity increases, two-photon absorption in GaAs kicks in, initially resulting in the microcavity-enhanced light absorption. A further increase in light intensity, though, suppresses the cavity mode along with the resonant transmission; the entire planar microcavity turns highly reflective within a broad frequency range covering the entire photonic band gap. This seemingly counterintuitive behavior is a general feature of resonant transmission via a cavity mode with purely nonlinear absorption. C1 [Vella, Jarrett H.; Goldsmith, John H.; Browning, Andrew T.; Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Vitebskiy, Ilya] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Goldsmith, John H.] Wyle, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Browning, Andrew T.] SelectTech Serv Corp, Centerville, OH 45433 USA. [Makri, Eleana; Kottos, Tsampikos] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. RP Vella, JH (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [LRIR12RY11COR, LRIR14RY14COR]; MURI Grant [FA9550-14-1-0037] FX The authors acknowledge support by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) through Program Officer Dr. Arje Nachman, award numbers LRIR12RY11COR and LRIR14RY14COR and MURI Grant No. FA9550-14-1-0037. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2331-7019 J9 PHYS REV APPL JI Phys. Rev. Appl. PD JUN 20 PY 2016 VL 5 IS 6 AR 064010 DI 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.5.064010 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DP0WH UT WOS:000378210900001 ER PT J AU Musinski, WD McDowell, DL AF Musinski, William D. McDowell, David L. TI Simulating the effect of grain boundaries on microstructurally small fatigue crack growth from a focused ion beam notch through a three-dimensional array of grains SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Crystal plasticity; Ni-base superalloys; IN100; Microstructurally small crack ID NI-BASED SUPERALLOY; HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; POLYCRYSTALLINE MICRO STRUCTURES; NON-METALLIC INCLUSIONS; HIGH-STRENGTH STEELS; QUANTITATIVE-EVALUATION; BASE SUPERALLOY; PROPAGATION BEHAVIOR; AUTOMATED-ANALYSIS; TIP DISPLACEMENTS AB Microstructurally small crack (MSC) growth strongly depends on local microstructure and often displays oscillatory character in terms of crack growth rate (da/dN) as a function of the conventional stress intensity range due to crack tip/grain boundary interactions of MSCs. A fatigue indicator parameter (FIP)-based MSC growth model is presented for high temperature MSC growth in polycrystalline Ni-base superalloy IN100 that takes into account crack tip/grain boundary interaction. An expression for FIP evolution is evoked based on a sequence of finite element simulations for stationary cracks. The MSC growth model was fit to experiments within the context of a simple 1D crack growth model and then applied to model 3D crack growth from a simulated focused ion beam (FIB) notch. Simulations showed that the MSC growth rate became less oscillatory as the MSC front sampled more grains, and eventually converged to the LEFM response with further crack extension. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Musinski, William D.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McDowell, David L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [McDowell, David L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Musinski, WD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM william.musinski.1@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-2-5800]; Southwestern Ohio Council for Higher Education; Carter N. Paden, Jr. Distinguished Chair in Metals Processing FX WDM is thankful for funding from the Air Force Research Laboratory under contract FA8650-09-2-5800 with the Southwestern Ohio Council for Higher Education. WDM would also like to acknowledge helpful technical discussions with Sushant Jha regarding this work. DLM is grateful for the support of the Carter N. Paden, Jr. Distinguished Chair in Metals Processing. NR 94 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 15 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN 15 PY 2016 VL 112 BP 20 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.04.006 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DN8KA UT WOS:000377326400003 ER PT J AU Unke, OT Castro-Palacio, JC Bemish, RJ Meuwly, M AF Unke, Oliver T. Castro-Palacio, Juan Carlos Bemish, Raymond J. Meuwly, Markus TI Collision-induced rotational excitation in N-2(+)((2)Sigma(+)(g), v=0)-Ar: Comparison of computations and experiment SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; CLASSICAL TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; RATE CONSTANTS; DYNAMICS; ARGON; ION; TRANSITIONS; HYDROGEN AB The collisional dynamics of N-2(+)((2)Sigma(+)(g)) cations with Ar atoms is studied using quasi-classical simulations. N-2(+)-Ar is a proxy to study cooling of molecular ions and interesting in its own right for molecule-to-atom charge transfer reactions. An accurate potential energy surface (PES) is constructed from a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) interpolation based on high-level ab initio data. The global PES including the asymptotics is fully treated within the realm of RKHS. From several ten thousand trajectories, the final state distribution of the rotational quantum number of N-2(+) after collision with Ar is determined. Contrary to the interpretation of previous experiments which indicate that up to 98% of collisions are elastic and conserve the quantum state, the present simulations find a considerably larger number of inelastic collisions which supports more recent findings. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Unke, Oliver T.; Castro-Palacio, Juan Carlos; Meuwly, Markus] Univ Basel, Dept Chem, Klingelbergstr 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Bemish, Raymond J.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Castro-Palacio, Juan Carlos] Imperial Coll London, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, Exhibit Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Meuwly, M (reprint author), Univ Basel, Dept Chem, Klingelbergstr 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. EM m.meuwly@unibas.ch FU United State Department of the Air Force; Swiss National Science Foundation [200021, 117810]; NCCR MUST; University of Basel FX The authors thank S. Willitsch for discussions. Part of this work was supported by the United State Department of the Air Force which is gratefully acknowledged (to J.C.C.-P.). Support by the Swiss National Science Foundation through Grant Nos. 200021 and 117810, the NCCR MUST (to M.M.), and the University of Basel is also acknowledged. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 14 PY 2016 VL 144 IS 22 AR 224307 DI 10.1063/1.4951697 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DQ0XW UT WOS:000378926100021 PM 27306007 ER PT J AU Mahoney, C Hui, CM Majumdar, S Wang, ZY Malen, JA Tchoul, MN Matyjaszewski, K Bockstaller, MR AF Mahoney, Clare Hui, Ching Ming Majumdar, Shubhaditya Wang, Zongyu Malen, Jonathan A. Tchoul, Maxim N. Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof Bockstaller, Michael R. TI Enhancing thermal transport in nanocomposites by polymer-graft modification of particle fillers SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Nano composite; Thermal conductivity; Particle brush ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; NANOCRYSTAL ARRAYS; CONDUCTIVITY; COMPOSITES; INTERFACES; NANOPARTICLES; RESISTANCE AB The role of polymeric tethers on the effective thermal conductivity of polymer nanocomposites is evaluated for the particular case of silica particle fillers dispersed within poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The effective thermal conductivity of both thin film and bulk composites is found to sensitively depend on the interaction between tethered and matrix chains. In particular, tethering of polymeric chains exhibiting favorable interactions with the matrix (such as poly(styrene-r-acrylonitrile), PSAN with molar composition S: AN = 3: 1) is shown to raise the effective thermal conductivity. The results point to the relevance of the 'ligand phase' (constituted of the tethered chains) as well as the tether/matrix interface in determining the thermal transport in polymer nanocomposites and suggest opportunities to raise the thermal conductivity of nanocomposite materials by the deliberate design of polymeric tethers to facilitate attractive ligand/matrix interactions. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mahoney, Clare; Bockstaller, Michael R.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Hui, Ching Ming; Wang, Zongyu; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Majumdar, Shubhaditya; Malen, Jonathan A.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Tchoul, Maxim N.] OSRAM Sylvania, 71 Cherry Hill Dr, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. [Mahoney, Clare] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2941 Hobson Way,B654-R331, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bockstaller, MR (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM bockstaller@cmu.edu RI Bockstaller, Michael/A-9124-2011; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof/A-2508-2008 OI Bockstaller, Michael/0000-0001-9046-9539; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof/0000-0003-1960-3402 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1410845, DMR 1501324]; Department of Energy [DE-EE0006702]; OSRAM Sylvania; American Chemical Society PRF DNI Award [PRF51423DN10]; Bertucci Graduate Fellowship program FX This work was primarily supported by the National Science Foundation via grant DMR-1410845, DMR 1501324 and the Department of Energy via grant DE-EE0006702 as well as by OSRAM Sylvania. JM acknowledges support by the American Chemical Society PRF DNI Award (Award No. PRF51423DN10). CM further acknowledges support by the Bertucci Graduate Fellowship program. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 20 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUN 14 PY 2016 VL 93 BP 72 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.04.014 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DL5AB UT WOS:000375647900011 ER PT J AU Allen, KW Abolmaali, F Duran, JM Ariyawansa, G Limberopoulos, NI Urbas, AM Astratov, VN AF Allen, Kenneth W. Abolmaali, Farzaneh Duran, Joshua M. Ariyawansa, Gamini Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Urbas, Augustine M. Astratov, Vasily N. TI Increasing sensitivity and angle-of-view of mid-wave infrared detectors by integration with dielectric microspheres SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FOCAL-PLANE ARRAYS; PHOTODETECTOR AB We observed up to 100 times enhancement of sensitivity of mid-wave infrared photodetectors in the 2-5 mu m range by using photonic jets produced by sapphire, polystyrene, and soda-lime glass microspheres with diameters in the 90-300 mu m range. By finite-difference time-domain ( FDTD) method for modeling, we gain insight into the role of the microspheres refractive index, size, and alignment with respect to the detector mesa. A combination of enhanced sensitivity with angle-of-view (AOV) up to 20 degrees is demonstrated for individual photodetectors. It is proposed that integration with microspheres can be scaled up for large focal plane arrays, which should provide maximal light collection efficiencies with wide AOVs, a combination of properties highly attractive for imaging applications. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Allen, Kenneth W.; Abolmaali, Farzaneh; Astratov, Vasily N.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Allen, Kenneth W.; Duran, Joshua M.; Ariyawansa, Gamini; Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Astratov, Vasily N.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Allen, Kenneth W.; Astratov, Vasily N.] UES, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Urbas, Augustine M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Allen, Kenneth W.] Georgia Tech Res Inst, Adv Concepts Lab, Atlanta, GA 30318 USA. RP Allen, KW; Astratov, VN (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA.; Allen, KW; Astratov, VN (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Allen, KW; Astratov, VN (reprint author), UES, Dayton, OH 45433 USA.; Allen, KW (reprint author), Georgia Tech Res Inst, Adv Concepts Lab, Atlanta, GA 30318 USA. EM kenneth.allen@gtri.gatech.edu; astratov@uncc.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [LRIR-RX1685]; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-09-1-0450]; Center for Metamaterials, an NSF I/U CRC [1068050]; Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYD) through AMMTIAC; Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RXC) through AMMTIAC; Alion Science and Technology; MCF II; UES, Inc. FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) through Program Officer Dr. Harold Weinstock, award number LRIR-RX1685. The work at UNC-Charlotte was supported by the U.S. Army Research Office through Dr. J. T. Prater under Contract No. W911NF-09-1-0450 and by Center for Metamaterials, an NSF I/U CRC, Award No. 1068050. Also, this work was sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYD, AFRL/RXC) through the AMMTIAC contract with Alion Science and Technology and the MCF II contract with UES, Inc. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 13 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 24 AR 241108 DI 10.1063/1.4954190 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DQ2MU UT WOS:000379037200008 ER PT J AU Lockhart, P Little, BK Slaten, BL Mills, G AF Lockhart, PaviElle Little, Brian K. Slaten, B. L. Mills, G. TI Photogeneration of H2O2 in Water-Swollen SPEEK/PVA Polymer Films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID POLY(ETHER ETHER KETONE); POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL); HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; PHOTOCATALYTIC PRODUCTION; PHOTOCHEMICAL-REACTIONS; PHOTO-REDUCTION; CROSS-LINKING; OXYGEN; BENZOPHENONE AB Efficient reduction of O-2 took place via illumination with 350 nm photons of cross-linked films containing a blend of sulfonated poly(ether etherketone) and poly(vinyl alcohol) in contact with air-saturated aqueous solutions. Swelling of the solid macromolecular matrices in H2O enabled O-2 diffusion into the films and also continuous extraction of the photogenerated H2O2, which was the basis for a method that allowed quantification of the product. Peroxide formed with similar efficiencies in films containing sulfonated polyketones prepared from different precursors and the initial photochemical process was found to be the rate-determining step. Generation of H2O2 was most proficient in the range of 4.9 <= pH <= 8 with a quantum yield of 0.2, which was 10 times higher than the efficiencies determined for solutions of he polymer blend. Increases in temperature as well as [O-2] in solution were factors that enhanced the H2O2 generation. H2O2 quantum yields as high as 0.6 were achieved in H2O/CH3CN mixtures with low water concentrations, but peroxide no longer formed when film swelling was suppressed. A Mechanism involving reduction of O-2 by photogenerated alpha-hydroxy radicals from the polyketone in competition with second-order radical decay processes explains the kinetic features. Higher yields result from the films because cross-links present in them hinder diffusion of the radicals, limiting their decay and enhancing the oxygen reduction pathway. C1 [Lockhart, PaviElle; Little, Brian K.; Mills, G.] Auburn Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Slaten, B. L.] Auburn Univ, Dept Consumer & Design Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Little, Brian K.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, US Air Force, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Mills, G (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM millsge@auburn.edu FU NTC [C06-AC01]; Auburn University OVPR&ED Intramural Grant FX The authors are grateful to R. Leibfried (Victrex USA Inc.) and to J. Scherble (Evonik, Germany) for generous gifts of PEEK samples. We thank Md. S. Islam for his help during DSC determinations, R. Blumenthal for useful discussions, and D. Berry (Berry Industrial) for his continuous advice and support. Acquisition of the DSC instrumentation was made possible by an Auburn University OVPR&ED Intramural Grant. The work described here was supported by NTC through contract C06-AC01. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 9 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 22 BP 3867 EP 3877 DI 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b00442 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DO5SI UT WOS:000377842700005 PM 27232441 ER PT J AU Ying, L Huang, DH Lai, YC AF Ying, Lei Huang, Danhong Lai, Ying-Cheng TI Multistability, chaos, and random signal generation in semiconductor superlattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL CONDUCTIVITY; RANDOM NUMBER GENERATORS; STRONG ELECTRIC-FIELD; CURRENT INSTABILITY; GAAS/ALAS SUPERLATTICES; TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGY; NONLINEAR TRANSPORT; BALANCE-EQUATIONS; ENERGY-BAND; DYNAMICS AB Historically, semiconductor superlattices, artificial periodic structures of different semiconductor materials, were invented with the purpose of engineering or manipulating the electronic properties of semiconductor devices. A key application lies in generating radiation sources, amplifiers, and detectors in the "unusual" spectral range of subterahertz and terahertz (0.1-10 THz), which cannot be readily realized using conventional radiation sources, the so-called THz gap. Efforts in the past three decades have demonstrated various nonlinear dynamical behaviors including chaos, suggesting the potential to exploit chaos in semiconductor superlattices as random signal sources (e.g., random number generators) in the THz frequency range. We consider a realistic model of hot electrons in semiconductor superlattice, taking into account the induced space charge field. Through a systematic exploration of the phase space we find that, when the system is subject to an external electrical driving of a single frequency, chaos is typically associated with the occurrence of multistability. That is, for a given parameter setting, while there are initial conditions that lead to chaotic trajectories, simultaneously there are other initial conditions that lead to regular motions. Transition to multistability, i.e., the emergence of multistability with chaos as a system parameter passes through a critical point, is found and argued to be abrupt. Multistability thus presents an obstacle to utilizing the superlattice system as a reliable and robust random signal source. However, we demonstrate that, when an additional driving field of incommensurate frequency is applied, multistability can be eliminated, with chaos representing the only possible asymptotic behavior of the system. In such a case, a random initial condition will lead to a trajectory landing in a chaotic attractor with probability 1, making quasiperiodically driven semiconductor superlattices potentially as a reliable device for random signal generation to fill the THz gap. The interplay among noise, multistability, and chaos is also investigated. C1 [Ying, Lei; Lai, Ying-Cheng] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Huang, Danhong] Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Huang, Danhong] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard St, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Lai, Ying-Cheng] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Lai, YC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.; Lai, YC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Ying-Cheng.Lai@asu.edu FU AFOSR [FA9550-15-1-0151]; ONR [N00014-15-1-2405] FX This work was supported by AFOSR under Grant No. FA9550-15-1-0151 and by ONR under Grant No. N00014-15-1-2405. NR 95 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN 8 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 6 AR 062204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.93.062204 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA DN8NP UT WOS:000377336200002 PM 27415252 ER PT J AU Gao, Y Wang, X Xie, L Hu, Z Lin, H Zhou, Z Nan, T Yang, X Howe, BM Jones, JG Brown, GJ Sun, NX AF Gao, Y. Wang, X. Xie, L. Hu, Z. Lin, H. Zhou, Z. Nan, T. Yang, X. Howe, B. M. Jones, J. G. Brown, G. J. Sun, N. X. TI Giant electric field control of magnetism and narrow ferromagnetic resonance linewidth in FeCoSiB/Si/SiO2/PMN-PT multiferroic heterostructures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; PHASE-SHIFTER; FILMS; MEMORY; VOLTAGE; FERRITE; BIAS AB It has been challenging to achieve combined strong magnetoelectric coupling and narrow ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth in multiferroic heterostructures. Electric field induced large effective field of 175 Oe and narrow FMR linewidth of 40 Oe were observed in FeCoSiB/Si/SiO2/PMN-PT heterostructures with substrate clamping effect minimized through removing the Si substrate. As a comparison, FeCoSiB/PMN-PT heterostructures with FeCoSiB film directly deposited on PMN-PT showed a comparable voltage induced effective magnetic field but a significantly larger FMR linewidth of 283 Oe. These multiferroic heterostructures exhibiting combined giant magnetoelectric coupling and narrow ferromagnetic resonance linewidth offer great opportunities for integrated voltage tunable RF magnetic devices. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Gao, Y.; Wang, X.; Xie, L.; Lin, H.; Nan, T.; Sun, N. X.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hu, Z.; Howe, B. M.; Jones, J. G.; Brown, G. J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Zhou, Z.] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Elect Mat Res Lab, Minist Educ, Key Lab, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Z.] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Int Ctr Dielect Res, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Yang, X.] Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Informat & Elect, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Gao, Y.] Winchester Technol LLC, Winchester, MA USA. RP Sun, NX (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM n.sun@neu.edu RI Sun, Nian Xiang/F-9590-2010; Gao, Yuan/E-4277-2016; OI Sun, Nian Xiang/0000-0002-3120-0094; Gao, Yuan/0000-0002-2444-1180; Jones, John/0000-0001-8271-0038 FU W. M. Keck Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF) [1160504, 1533484]; National Science Foundation under NSF Award [ECS-0335765] FX The work was financially supported by W. M. Keck Foundation, National Science Foundation (NSF) Award Nos. 1160504 and 1533484, and performed in part at the Center for Nanoscale Systems (CNS), a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN), which is supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF Award No. ECS-0335765. CNS is part of Harvard University. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 6 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 23 AR 232903 DI 10.1063/1.4953456 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DQ0XI UT WOS:000378924700030 ER PT J AU Cole, RE Clark, HL Heileson, J DeMay, J Smith, MA AF Cole, Renee E. Clark, Heidi L. Heileson, Jeffery DeMay, Jordan Smith, Martha A. TI Normal Weight Status in Military Service Members Was Associated With Intuitive Eating Characteristic SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; OBESITY; BEHAVIORS; HEALTH; MOTIVATION; EXERCISE; ADULTS AB The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between individual weight status and intuitive eating or motivation for eating characteristics. Participants were predominantly white (57%), Army (91%), enlisted (72%), males (71%), with a mean age of 30 +/- 9 years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 27.0 +/- 4.2 kg/m(2). The cross-sectional, descriptive study included active duty service members (n = 295) recruited from Texas and Washington. Validated Motivation for Eating Scale (MFES) and Intuitive Eating Scale were administered and BMI (m/kg(2)) was dichotomized at <25 or = 25 kg/m(2). Descriptive, correlation, t-test, and logistic regression analysis were conducted for BMI category with demographic, lifestyle, and MFES/Intuitive Eating Scale scores (a = 0.05; 80% power). Thirty-six percent were normal BMI (22.7 +/- 1.6 kg/m(2)) and 64% were overweight/ obese BMI (29.3 +/- 3.3 kg/m(2)). Mean BMI was 27.8 +/- 4.2 kg/m(2) (males) and 24.8 +/- 3.4 kg/m(2) (females) (p < 0.001). Physical MFES type was predominant (77% normal BMI vs. 66% overweight; p = 0.001). Males ate for physical rather than emotional reasons (p = 0.014). Each 1-point increase in Reliance on Internal Hunger Satiety Score was associated with 34% lower odds of being overweight. Disparity existed between sex and intuitive eating characteristic. Increasing awareness of eating influences may improve weight-related dietary behaviors. C1 [Cole, Renee E.] US Army, Environm Med Res Inst, 15 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Clark, Heidi L.] US Air Force, Joint Base San Antonio Lackland, 59th Med Wing,1701 Kenly Ave, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Heileson, Jeffery] Blanchfield Army Community Hosp, Nutr Care Div, 650 Joel Dr, Ft Campbell, KY 42223 USA. [DeMay, Jordan] Moncrief Army Community Hosp, Nutr Care Div, 4500 Stuart St, Ft Jackson, SC 29207 USA. [Smith, Martha A.] Brian Allgood Army Community Hosp, 19 Hangangno Dong, Yongsan, South Korea. RP Cole, RE (reprint author), US Army, Environm Med Res Inst, 15 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 181 IS 6 BP 589 EP 595 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00250 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DW5LO UT WOS:000383686900020 PM 27244071 ER PT J AU Mohan, MT Sritharan, SS AF Mohan, Manil T. Sritharan, Sivaguru S. TI NEW METHODS FOR LOCAL SOLVABILITY OF QUASILINEAR SYMMETRIC HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS SO EVOLUTION EQUATIONS AND CONTROL THEORY LA English DT Article DE Quasilinear symmetric hyperbolic equations; commutator estimates; local monotonicity; Minty-Browder; optimal control ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS AB In this work we establish the local solvability of quasilinear symmetric hyperbolic system using local monotonicity method and frequency truncation method. The existence of an optimal control is also proved as an application of these methods. C1 [Mohan, Manil T.] US Air Force, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sritharan, Sivaguru S.] US Air Force, Off Provost & Vice Chancellor, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sritharan, SS (reprint author), US Air Force, Off Provost & Vice Chancellor, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM manil.thankama.nimolian@afit.edu; sivaguru.sritharan@afit.edu OI Sritharan, Sivaguru/0000-0003-2845-332X FU National Research Council (NRC); U. S. Army Research Office, Probability and Statistics program FX Manil T. Mohan would like to thank National Research Council (NRC) for Research Associateship Award. S. S. Sritharan's work has been funded by U. S. Army Research Office, Probability and Statistics program. Manil T. Mohan would like to thank Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) for providing stimulating scientific environment and resources. The authors would also like to thank the anonymous reviewer for his useful and valuable suggestions. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES-AIMS PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 2163-2480 J9 EVOL EQU CONTROL THE JI Evol. Equ. Control Theory PD JUN PY 2016 VL 5 IS 2 BP 273 EP 302 DI 10.3934/eect.2016005 PG 30 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA DX9KV UT WOS:000384715200005 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZP Nowak, MJ Wicks, M Wu, ZQ AF Zhang, Zhiping Nowak, Michael J. Wicks, Michael Wu, Zhiqiang TI Bio-Inspired RF Steganography via Linear Chirp Radar Signals SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID MODULATION AB The chirp signal is one of the first bio-inspired signals commonly used in RF applications where the term chirp is a reference to the chirping sound made by birds. It has since been recognized that birds communicate through such chirping sounds to attract other birds of the same species, to transmit an alarm for specific threats, and so on. However, birds of a different species, or sometime even birds in a different social group within a species, are unable to connect a specific meaning to certain calls - they will simply hear a bird chirping. Inspired by such, this article provides a tutorial on a novel RF steganography scheme to conceal digital communication in linear chirp radar signals. We first provide a review of the linear chirp signal and existing communication systems using chirp waveforms. Next we discuss how to implement the RF steganography and hide digitally modulated communication information inside a linear chirp radar signal to prevent an enemy from detecting the existence of such hidden information. A new modulation called reduced phase shift keying is employed to make the modulated chirp waveform almost identical to the unmodulated chirp signal. Furthermore, variable symbol durations are employed to eliminate cyclostationary features that might otherwise be exploited by an enemy to detect the existence of the hidden information. C1 [Zhang, Zhiping] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Broadband Mobile & Wireless Networking Lab, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Wu, Zhiqiang] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Nowak, Michael J.] Air Force Res Lab, Spectral Warfare Div Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Wicks, Michael] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Wu, ZQ (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM zhiqiang.wu@wright.edu FU National Science Foundation [1323240]; Air Force Research Laboratory FX This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1323240 and the Air Force Research Laboratory. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0163-6804 EI 1558-1896 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 54 IS 6 BP 82 EP 86 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DW1XE UT WOS:000383436000013 ER PT J AU Foster, JC Erickson, PJ Baker, DN Jaynes, AN Mishin, EV Fennel, JF Li, X Henderson, MG Kanekal, SG AF Foster, J. C. Erickson, P. J. Baker, D. N. Jaynes, A. N. Mishin, E. V. Fennel, J. F. Li, X. Henderson, M. G. Kanekal, S. G. TI Observations of the impenetrable barrier, the plasmapause, and the VLF bubble during the 17 March 2015 storm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; EARTHS INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; ALLEN PROBES OBSERVATIONS; RADIATION BELTS; ZONE ELECTRONS; WAVES; PRECIPITATION; ACCELERATION; SCATTERING; EMISSIONS AB Van Allen Probes observations during the 17 March 2015 major geomagnetic storm strongly suggest that VLF transmitter-induced waves play an important role in sculpting the earthward extent of outer zone MeV electrons. A magnetically confined bubble of very low frequency (VLF) wave emissions of terrestrial, human-produced origin surrounds the Earth. The outer limit of the VLF bubble closely matches the position of an apparent barrier to the inward extent of multi-MeV radiation belt electrons near 2.8 Earth radii. When the VLF transmitter signals extend beyond the eroded plasmapause, electron loss processes set up near the outer extent of the VLF bubble create an earthward limit to the region of local acceleration near L = 2.8 as MeV electrons are scattered into the atmospheric loss cone. C1 [Foster, J. C.; Erickson, P. J.] MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. [Baker, D. N.; Jaynes, A. N.; Li, X.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mishin, E. V.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Fennel, J. F.] Aerosp Corp, Space Sci Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Henderson, M. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Kanekal, S. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Foster, JC (reprint author), MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. EM jfoster@haystack.mit.edu RI Henderson, Michael/A-3948-2011 OI Henderson, Michael/0000-0003-4975-9029 FU University of Minnesota; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; JHU/APL under NASA [967399, NAS5-01072] FX We thank W. Kurth for input concerning the EMFISIS wave observations, J. Bonnell for discussions of EFW antenna sensitivity, M. Starks for guidance on VLF propagation characteristics, and J. Albert for helpful discussions and for providing the relativistic electron resonance code used in Figure 7. J.C.F. and P.J.E. received support from a University of Minnesota subcontract award to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. E.M. was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Van Allen Probes data access was provided through the Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Lab Mission Operations Center and the Los Alamos National Laboratory Science Operations Center. This work was supported by JHU/APL contract 967399 under NASA's prime contract NAS5-01072. All Van Allen Probes data used are publicly available at (www.rbsp-ect.lanl.gov). NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 6 BP 5537 EP 5548 DI 10.1002/2016JA022509 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW1RU UT WOS:000383421100039 ER PT J AU Weimer, DR Sutton, EK Mlynczak, MG Hunt, LA AF Weimer, D. R. Sutton, E. K. Mlynczak, M. G. Hunt, L. A. TI Intercalibration of neutral density measurements for mapping the thermosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ACCELEROMETER DATA; SOLAR; ATMOSPHERE; STORMS; CHAMP; MODEL; ENERGY; SPHERE AB This paper describes a technique for mapping exospheric temperatures, derived from neutral density measurements from the Challenging Mini-satellite Payload (CHAMP) and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites. The Naval Reasearch Laboratory Mass Spectrometer, Incoherent Scatter Radar Extended Model (NRLMSISE-00) thermosphere model is used for the conversion. Adjustments for each satellite were needed in order for the time-averaged densities to agree with the model. It was necessary to correct for inexact modeling of the annual and semiannual oscillations in the density, as well as the declining densities during the solar minimum. It was found that a time-varying perturbation in the atomic oxygen in the model could produce a good agreement at both altitudes. The time series of this oxygen variation was found to have a very high correlation with independent measurements of CO2 emissions measured with the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument. The temperature data are averaged on a spherical grid having equal areas in each pixel, avoiding functional fits that would blur finer details. The use of solar magnetic rather than geographic coordinates enhances the auroral ovals. There are strong elevations in the exospheric temperatures in the polar regions, particularly near the dayside cusp. Spatial filtering with spherical wavelets is used to remove statistical fluctuations, although some details are lost. The exospheric temperature maps are well ordered by the nitric oxide emission measurements from SABER. The technique that is described here could be applied to future improvements of empirical density models, having an accuracy and spatial resolution that is not presently available. C1 [Weimer, D. R.] Virginia Tech, Ctr Space Sci & Engn Res, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Weimer, D. R.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Sutton, E. K.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Environm Branch, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Mlynczak, M. G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Hunt, L. A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Weimer, DR (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Ctr Space Sci & Engn Res, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.; Weimer, DR (reprint author), Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM dweimer@vt.edu RI Sutton, Eric/A-1574-2016; OI Sutton, Eric/0000-0003-1424-7189; Hunt, Linda/0000-0002-5330-541X FU NASA [NNX13AD73G]; NASA Heliophysics Division Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics Project FX The authors thank J. T. Emmert and J. M. Picone for useful comments and suggestions. The work at Virginia Tech was supported by NASA grant NNX13AD73G. Authors M.G.M. and L.A.H. acknowledge support from the NASA Heliophysics Division Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics Project. The CHAMP and GRACE density measurements are available by contacting author E.K.S. (email: eric.k.sutton@gmail.com). The code for the NRLMSISE-00 neutral density model is available from the NASA CCMC, at ftp://hanna.ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/modelweb/atmospheric/msis/nrlmsise00/ . The empirical W05 heating model is available by contacting author D.R.W. (email: dweimer@vt.edu). The SABER measurements can be obtained from author M.G.M. (email: m.g.mlynczak@nasa.gov). The HEALPix software is available at http://healpix.jpl.nasa.gov/index.shtml. The iSAP wavelet software is at http://www.cosmostat.org/software/isap/ and http://jstarck.free.fr/mrs.html. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 121 IS 6 BP 5975 EP 5990 DI 10.1002/2016JA022691 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DW1RU UT WOS:000383421100074 ER PT J AU Van Hook, M AF Van Hook, Matthew TI Patriotism and Piety: Federalist Politics and Religious Struggle in the New American Nation SO AMERICAN POLITICAL THOUGHT LA English DT Book Review C1 [Van Hook, Matthew] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Van Hook, M (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 2161-1580 EI 2161-1599 J9 AM POLIT THOUGHT JI Am. Polit. Thought PD SUM PY 2016 VL 5 IS 3 BP 519 EP 522 DI 10.1086/687401 PG 4 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA DS9IZ UT WOS:000381097600007 ER PT J AU Smith, JE Chavez, JL Hagen, JA Kelley-Loughnane, N AF Smith, Joshua E. Chavez, Jorge L. Hagen, Joshua A. Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy TI Design and Development of Aptamer-Gold Nanoparticle Based Colorimetric Assays for In-the-field Applications SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Biochemistry; Issue 112; colorimetric assay; gold nanoparticles; aptamer; colorimetric app; nucleic acids; nanotechnology; biosensors; optical sensors ID DNA; SEQUENCES; BIOLOGY; CELLS AB The design and development of an aptamer-gold nanoparticle (AuNP) colorimetric assay for the detection of small molecules for in-the-field applications was examined. Target selective AuNP based color assays have been developed in controlled proof-of-concept laboratory settings. However, these schemes have not been exerted to a point of failure to determine their practical use beyond laboratory settings. This work describes a generic approach to design, develop, and troubleshoot an aptamer-AuNP colorimetric assay for small molecule analytes and using the assay for in-the-field settings. The assay is advantageous because adsorbed aptamers passivate the nanoparticle surfaces and provide a means to reduce and eliminate false positive responses to non-target analytes. Transitioning this system to practical uses required defining not only the shelf-life of the aptamer-AuNP assay, but establishing methods and procedures for extending the long-term storage capabilities. Also, one of the recognized concerns with colorimetric readout is the burden placed on analysts to accurately identify often subtle changes in color. To lessen the responsibility on analysts in the field, a color analysis protocol was designed to perform the color identification duties without the need for performing this task on laboratory grade equipment. The method for creating and testing the data analysis protocol is described. However to understand and influence the design of adsorbed aptamer assays, the interactions associated with the aptamer, target, and AuNPs require further study. The knowledge gained could lead to tailoring aptamers for improved functionality. C1 [Smith, Joshua E.] Alvernia Univ, Dept Sci & Math, Reading, PA USA. [Chavez, Jorge L.; Hagen, Joshua A.; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy] Air Force Res Lab, Performance Wing 711Human, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chavez, Jorge L.] UES Inc, Beavercreek, OH USA. RP Kelley-Loughnane, N (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Performance Wing 711Human, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nancy.kelley-loughnane.1@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (Defense Biometrics and Forensics Office); National Research Council Research Associateship Award at Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was partially funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (Defense Biometrics and Forensics Office). JES participation was supported by a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD JUN PY 2016 IS 112 AR e54063 DI 10.3791/54063 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DS0CX UT WOS:000380264100053 ER PT J AU Meats, S AF Meats, Stephen TI The Roots of Feminism: A Case Study SO MIDWEST QUARTERLY-A JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY THOUGHT LA English DT Poetry C1 [Meats, Stephen] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Meats, Stephen] Univ Tampa, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. RP Meats, S (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PITTSBURG STATE UNIV PI PITTSBURG PA MIDWEST QUARTERLY, PITTSBURG, KS 66762 USA SN 0026-3451 J9 MIDWEST QUART JI Midwest Q.-J. Contemp. Thought PD SUM PY 2016 VL 57 IS 4 SI SI BP 390 EP 391 PG 2 WC Literary Theory & Criticism SC Literature GA DS1TM UT WOS:000380383600016 ER PT J AU Majumder, U Bell, MR Rangaswamy, M AF Majumder, Uttam Bell, Mark R. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI Design and Analysis of Radar Waveforms Achieving Transmit and Receive Orthogonality SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID AMBIGUITY FUNCTION AB This paper presents the design and analysis of orthogonal, Doppler-tolerant waveforms for waveform agile radar (e.g. multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar) applications. Previous work has given little consideration to the design of radar waveforms that remain orthogonal when they are received. Our research is focused on: 1) developing sets of waveforms that are orthogonal on both transmit and receive, and 2) ensuring that these waveforms are Doppler tolerant when properly processed. Our proposed solution achieves the above-mentioned goals by incorporating direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) coding techniques on linear frequency modulated (LFM) signals. We call this spread spectrum coded LFM (SSCL) signaling. Our transmitted LFM waveforms are rendered orthogonal with a unique spread spectrum (SS) code. At the receiver, the echo signal will be decoded using its spreading code. In this manner, transmitted orthogonal waveforms can be match filtered only with the intended received signals. From analytical expressions of the waveforms we have designed and from simulation results, we found that: 1) cross-ambiguity function (CAF) of two LFM SS coded (orthogonal) waveforms is small for all delays and Dopplers (i.e. transmit and receive signals satisfy near orthogonality constraint); 2) the length of the SS code determines the amount of interference suppression (i.e., complete orthogonal or near orthogonal of the received signal); 3) we can process the same received signal in two different ways; one method can provide LFM signal resolution and the other method can provide ultrahigh resolution; 4) biorthogonal codes can be used to reduce bandwidth when code length is large. Our proposed waveforms inherit multiple attributes (e.g. chirp diversity, code diversity, frequency diversity) of diverse waveforms. C1 [Majumder, Uttam] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY USA. [Bell, Mark R.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, RF Exploitat Technol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Majumder, Uttam] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Majumder, Uttam] Purdue Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 465 Northwestern Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Exploitat Branch AFRL RYAP, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Majumder, U (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA.; Majumder, U (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 465 Northwestern Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM ukmccny@gmail.com NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1056 EP 1066 DI 10.1109/TAES.2016.140248 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DR7XU UT WOS:000380113800008 ER PT J AU Benson, S Chen, CIH Lin, DM Liou, LL AF Benson, Stephen Chen, Chien-In H. Lin, David M. Liou, Lihyeh L. TI Digital Linear Chirp Receiver for High Chirp Rates With High Resolution Time-of-Arrival and Time-of-Departure Estimation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID RADAR WAVE-FORM; SIGNAL; TRANSFORM AB The use of chirp signals in modern radar and ranging systems have numerous benefits. They are extensively used to improve signal-to-noise ratio and range resolution. The performance capabilities of these signals are directly related to their time-bandwidth product, i.e., the duration and bandwidth of the pulse. Ultra-wideband chirp signals are further desirable because they span a large bandwidth, making them resistant to narrowband environmental interference. The accurate detection and measurement of high chirp signals is difficult due to the necessity of a high-sampling analog-digital converter, a target measurement platform with high computational power, and a time-of-arrival (TOA) estimator with high temporal resolution. The difficulty of the problem is further compounded with the requirement that no a priori knowledge of the signal, noise, or operating environment is known. This paper presents a practical approach and implementation of a high linear chirp rate receiver and TOA estimator pair capable of detecting and measuring stationary radio frequency pulses as well as linear chirp rates up to 1.18 GHz in 400 ns. The high-resolution TOA algorithm and linear chirp receiver have been prototyped, synthesized, and placed and routed for a Virtex 6 SX475 FPGA. C1 [Benson, Stephen; Chen, Chien-In H.] Wright State Univ, Elect Engn, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Lin, David M.; Liou, Lihyeh L.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Chen, CIH (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Elect Engn, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM henry.chen@wright.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1146 EP 1154 DI 10.1109/TAES.2016.140656 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DR7XU UT WOS:000380113800015 ER PT J AU Deng, H Geng, Z Himed, B AF Deng, Hai Geng, Zhe Himed, Braham TI MIMO Radar Waveform Design for Transmit Beamforming and Orthogonality SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID OPTIMIZATION; PERFORMANCE; ALGORITHMS; CLUTTER; SYSTEMS; TARGET AB Coherent multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is capable of forming a specific transmit beam pattern favorable for radar operation, but the transmitted waveforms from different antenna elements need to be orthogonal for coherent beamforming. In this work, an innovative approach is developed for MIMO radar waveform design in space-time domain, rendering MIMO radar able to satisfy transmit beamforming constraint in space-domain as well as the waveform orthogonality requirement in time domain. The approach is validated through simulations. C1 [Deng, Hai; Geng, Zhe] Florida Int Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 10555 W Flagler St, Miami, FL 33174 USA. [Himed, Braham] Air Force Res Lab, RF Technol Branch, 2241 Avion Circle,Bldg 620, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Deng, H (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 10555 W Flagler St, Miami, FL 33174 USA. EM Hai.Deng@fiu.edu OI Geng, Zhe/0000-0002-5440-3556 FU US AFRL through the Defense Engineering Corporation (DEC) [J020]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [AST-1443909]; FIU Presidential Fellowship program FX This work was supported by the US AFRL through the Defense Engineering Corporation (DEC) under Contract J020 and the National Science Foundation (NSF) under award AST-1443909. B. Himed was also supported by the FIU Presidential Fellowship program. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1421 EP 1433 DI 10.1109/TAES.2016.140023 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DR7XU UT WOS:000380113800035 ER PT J AU Cheng, CH Liou, LL Tsui, JB Lin, DM AF Cheng, Chi-Hao Liou, Lihyeh L. Tsui, James B. Lin, David M. TI Chirp Signal Detection Using FFT Peak Frequency Difference SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID LINEAR-FM SIGNALS; TRANSFORM AB A new method was proposed for chirp signal detection and estimation built on the frame-based fast Fourier transform (FFT). The proposed method uses the peak frequency difference between FFT frames to detect a chirp signal and estimate chirp rate. This approach differs from conventional methods and is easy to implement. It generates more accurate chirp rate estimation especially under a low signal-to-noise ratio. Simulation and experimental data are used to verify the proposed methods. C1 [Cheng, Chi-Hao] Miami Univ, 260 L Garland Hall, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Liou, Lihyeh L.; Lin, David M.] US Air Force Res Lab, Bldg 620,2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cheng, CH (reprint author), Miami Univ, 260 L Garland Hall, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM chengc@miamioh.edu; jamestsui456@gmail.com NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 52 IS 3 BP 1449 EP 1453 DI 10.1109/TAES.2016.140201 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DR7XU UT WOS:000380113800037 ER PT J AU Rino, CL Carrano, CS Groves, KM Roddy, PA AF Rino, Charles L. Carrano, Charles S. Groves, Keith M. Roddy, Patrick A. TI A characterization of intermediate-scale spread F structure from fouryears of high-resolution C/NOFS satellite data SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ESF; power law spectra; ionosphere structure ID PLASMA BUBBLES; IRREGULARITIES; SCINTILLATION AB Power law spectra have been invoked to interpret equatorial scintillation data for decades. Published analyses of intensity and phase scintillation data typically report power law spectra of the form q(-p) with 2.4 < p < 2.6. However, in situ rocket and satellite measurements of equatorial spread F have shown evidence of spectra with two power law components. Strong scatter simulations and recent theoretical results have shown that two-component power law spectra can reconcile simultaneous equatorial scintillation observations from VHF to S-Band. The Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite Planar Langmuir Probe generated a multiyear high-resolution sampling of equatorial spread F, but published analyses to date have reported only single-component power laws over scales from tens of kilometers to 70m. This paper summarizes the analysis of high-resolution C/NOFS data collected over the four year period 2011 to 2014. Following an earlier investigation of several months of C/NOFS data by the authors of this paper, the extended data set revealed a pattern of occurrence of two-component spectra in the most highly disturbed data sets. The results confirm a known inverse correlation between turbulent strength and spectral index. The new results are interpreted as an equatorial spread F life cycle pattern with two-component spectra in the early development phase giving way to single-component spectra in the decay phase. C1 [Rino, Charles L.; Carrano, Charles S.; Groves, Keith M.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Roddy, Patrick A.] Kirtland AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Rino, CL (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM crino@comcast.net NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 51 IS 6 BP 779 EP 788 DI 10.1002/2015RS005841 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA DR5NC UT WOS:000379948700019 ER PT J AU Imhof, E Stickney, J Squires, M AF Imhof, Eric Stickney, James Squires, Matthew TI A Wigner Function Approach to Coherence in a Talbot-Lau Interferometer SO ATOMS LA English DT Article DE trapped atom interferometry; Wigner function; Talbot-Lau interferometer; coherence time ID BROGLIE WAVE INTERFEROMETRY; TIME-DOMAIN; OPTICS AB Using a thermal gas, we model the signal of a trapped interferometer. This interferometer uses two short laser pulses, separated by time T, which act as a phase grating for the matter waves. Near time , there is an echo in the cloud's density due to the Talbot-Lau effect. Our model uses the Wigner function approach and includes a weak residual harmonic trap. The analysis shows that the residual potential limits the interferometer's visibility, shifts the echo time of the interferometer, and alters its time dependence. Loss of visibility can be mitigated by optimizing the initial trap frequency just before the interferometer cycle begins. C1 [Imhof, Eric; Stickney, James] Utah State Univ, Space Dynam Lab, Res Fdn, North Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Squires, Matthew] US Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Imhof, E (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Space Dynam Lab, Res Fdn, North Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM eric.imhof@sdl.usu.edu; james.stickney@sdl.usu.edu; Matthew.Squires@kirtland.af.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2218-2004 J9 ATOMS JI Atoms PD JUN PY 2016 VL 4 IS 2 AR 18 DI 10.3390/atoms4020018 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA DR6GZ UT WOS:000380001700007 ER PT J AU Blattner, CM Crosby, MS Goedken, M Murase, JE AF Blattner, Collin M. Crosby, Matthew S. Goedken, Michelle Murase, Jenny E. TI Update: Do probiotics prevent or treat pediatric atopic dermatitis? SO PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; LACTOBACILLUS-RHAMNOSUS HN001; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS; DOUBLE-BLIND; ALLERGIC DISEASE; SKIN BARRIER; ECZEMA; CHILDREN; AGE; METAANALYSIS C1 [Blattner, Collin M.] Good Samaritan Reg Med Ctr, Dept Med, Corvallis, OR USA. [Crosby, Matthew S.] Dept Flight Med, Med Grp 2, Barksdale Afb, LA USA. [Goedken, Michelle] Affiliated Dermatol, Dept Dermatol, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Murase, Jenny E.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Dermatol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Murase, Jenny E.] Palo Alto Fdn, Med Grp, Dept Dermatol, Mountain View, CA USA. RP Murase, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Dermatol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.; Murase, JE (reprint author), Palo Alto Fdn, Med Grp, Dept Dermatol, Mountain View, CA USA. EM jemurase@gmail.com NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0905-6157 EI 1399-3038 J9 PEDIAT ALLERG IMM-UK JI Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 27 IS 4 BP 425 EP 428 DI 10.1111/pai.12539 PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology; Pediatrics SC Allergy; Immunology; Pediatrics GA DR5FC UT WOS:000379927700015 PM 26762816 ER PT J AU Canciani, A Raquet, J AF Canciani, Aaron Raquet, John TI Absolute Positioning Using the Earth's Magnetic Anomaly Field SO NAVIGATION-JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID NAVIGATION AB Achieving worldwide dependable alternatives to the Global Positioning System is a challenging engineering problem. Current Global Positioning System alternatives often suffer from limitations such as where and when the systems can operate. Navigation using Earth's magnetic anomaly field, which is globally available at all times, shows promise to overcome many of these limitations. We present a navigation framework that uses Earth's magnetic anomaly field as a navigation signal to aid an inertial navigation system in an aircraft. The filter utilizes ultra-accurate optically pumped cesium magnetometers to make scalar intensity measurements of Earth's magnetic field and compare them with a map using a particle filter approach. The accuracy of these measurements allows observability of not only the inertial navigation system errors but also the temporal effects of Earth's magnetic field, which corrupt the navigation signal. These temporal effects are thoroughly analyzed, and we present a simple model that allows near worldwide use of the navigation filter. We analyze the dependencies on altitude and magnetic storm activity in a realistic simulation using data from test flights and magnetic observatories. Copyright (C) 2016 Institute of Navigation C1 [Canciani, Aaron; Raquet, John] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Canciani, A (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA ONE MONTGOMERY ST, SUITE 1200, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104 USA SN 0028-1522 EI 2161-4296 J9 NAVIGATION-US JI Navigation PD SUM PY 2016 VL 63 IS 2 BP 111 EP 126 DI 10.1002/navi.138 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA DR2BS UT WOS:000379710600001 ER PT J AU French, DM Shiffler, D AF French, David M. Shiffler, Don TI High power microwave source with a three dimensional printed metamaterial slow-wave structure SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID PERMITTIVITY; CATHODES AB For over the last decade, the concept of metamaterials has led to new approaches for considering the interaction of radiation with complex structures. However, practical manifestations of such a device operating at high power densities have proven difficult to achieve due to the resonant nature of metamaterials and the resultant high electric fields, which place severe constraints on manufacturing the slow wave structures. In this paper, we describe the first experimental manifestation of a high power microwave device utilizing a metallic slow wave structure (metamaterial-like) fabricated using additive manufacturing. The feasibility of utilizing additive manufacturing as a technique for building these relatively complicated structures has thus been demonstrated. The MW class microwave source operates in the C-band and shows frequency tunablility with electron beam voltage. The basic electromagnetic characteristics of this device, the construction using additive manufacturing, and the basic performance as a microwave oscillator are considered. Due to the tunable nature of the device, it shows promise not only as an oscillator but also as a microwave amplifier. Therefore, the dispersive characteristics and a discussion of the anticipated gain is included as it relates to an amplifier configuration. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [French, David M.; Shiffler, Don] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP French, DM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 87 IS 5 AR 053308 DI 10.1063/1.4950904 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DQ4QE UT WOS:000379187600050 PM 27250415 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL Shiffler, DA Harris, JR Petillo, JJ AF Jensen, Kevin L. Shiffler, Donald A. Harris, John R. Petillo, John J. TI Schottky's conjecture, field emitters, and the point charge model SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID EMISSION CATHODES; COLD AB A Point Charge Model of conical field emitters, in which the emitter is defined by an equipotential surface of judiciously placed charges over a planar conductor, is used to confirm Schottky's conjecture that field enhancement factors are multiplicative for a small protrusion placed on top of a larger base structure. Importantly, it is shown that Schottky's conjecture for conical /ellipsoidal field emitters remains unexpectedly valid even when the dimensions of the protrusion begin to approach the dimensions of the base structure. The model is analytic and therefore the methodology is extensible to other configurations. (C) 2016 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). C1 [Jensen, Kevin L.] Naval Res Lab, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shiffler, Donald A.; Harris, John R.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Petillo, John J.] Leidos, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kevin.jensen@nrl.navy.mil OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 6 IS 6 AR 065005 DI 10.1063/1.4953813 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DQ2OG UT WOS:000379041400005 ER PT J AU Lin, Z Carvalho, BR Kahn, E Lv, RT Rao, R Terrones, H Pimenta, MA Terrones, M AF Lin, Zhong Carvalho, Bruno R. Kahn, Ethan Lv, Ruitao Rao, Rahul Terrones, Humberto Pimenta, Marcos A. Terrones, Mauricio TI Defect engineering of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides SO 2D MATERIALS LA English DT Review DE two-dimensional material; transition metal dichalcogenides; molybdenum disulfide; defects; electronic properties ID DER-WAALS HETEROSTRUCTURES; SINGLE-LAYER MOS2; HYDROGEN EVOLUTION REACTION; MONOLAYER MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE; ACTIVE EDGE SITES; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; ULTRATHIN NANOSHEETS; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; WS2 MONOLAYERS AB Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), an emerging family of layered materials, have provided researchers a fertile ground for harvesting fundamental science and emergent applications. TMDs can contain a number of different structural defects in their crystal lattices which significantly alter their physico-chemical properties. Having structural defects can be either detrimental or beneficial, depending on the targeted application. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of structural defects is required. Here we review different defects in semiconducting TMDs by summarizing: (i) the dimensionalities and atomic structures of defects; (ii) the pathways to generating structural defects during and after synthesis and, (iii) the effects of having defects on the physico-chemical properties and applications of TMDs. Thus far, significant progress has been made, although we are probably still witnessing the tip of the iceberg. A better understanding and control of defects is important in order to move forward the field of Defect Engineering in TMDs. Finally, we also provide our perspective on the challenges and opportunities in this emerging field. C1 [Lin, Zhong; Carvalho, Bruno R.; Terrones, Mauricio] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, 104 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lin, Zhong; Carvalho, Bruno R.; Kahn, Ethan; Terrones, Mauricio] Penn State Univ, Ctr Dimens & Layered Mat 2, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Carvalho, Bruno R.; Pimenta, Marcos A.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Fis, BR-30123970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Kahn, Ethan; Terrones, Mauricio] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lv, Ruitao] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Key Lab Adv Mat MOE, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Rao, Rahul] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rao, Rahul] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Terrones, Humberto] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, 110 Eighth St, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Terrones, Mauricio] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Terrones, Mauricio] Shinshu Univ, Inst Carbon Sci & Technol, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 3808553, Japan. RP Terrones, M (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, 104 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Terrones, M (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Ctr Dimens & Layered Mat 2, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Terrones, M (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Terrones, M (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.; Terrones, M (reprint author), Shinshu Univ, Inst Carbon Sci & Technol, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 3808553, Japan. EM mut11@psu.edu RI Carvalho, Bruno/C-6275-2015 FU US Army Research Office MURI [W911NF-11-1-0362]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI [FA9550-12-1-0471]; Materials Simulation Center of the Materials Research Institute; Research Computing and Cyberinfrastructure unit of Information Technology Services; Penn State Center for Nanoscale Science; Penn State Center for Nanoscale Science [DMR-0820404, DMR-1420620]; FAPEMIG; CNPq; CAPES; Brazilian Institute of Science and Technology (INCT) in Carbon Nanomaterials; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51372131, 51232005]; 973 program of China [2014CB932401, 2015CB932500]; National Science Foundation [2DARE-EFRI-1433311, 2DARE-EFRI-1542707]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported by the US Army Research Office MURI grant W911NF-11-1-0362, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI grant FA9550-12-1-0471, by the Materials Simulation Center of the Materials Research Institute, the Research Computing and Cyberinfrastructure unit of Information Technology Services and Penn State Center for Nanoscale Science. MT acknowledges support from the Penn State Center for Nanoscale Science (DMR-0820404 and DMR-1420620). The authors acknowledge the Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials at the Pennsylvania State University. BRC and MAP acknowledge the financial support of Brazilian agencies FAPEMIG, CNPq and CAPES, and the Brazilian Institute of Science and Technology (INCT) in Carbon Nanomaterials. RL acknowledges the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51372131, 51232005) and 973 program of China (No. 2014CB932401, 2015CB932500). HT and MT acknowledge the financial support from the National Science Foundation (2DARE-EFRI-1433311 & 2DARE-EFRI-1542707). RR acknowledges funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 176 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 111 U2 176 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2053-1583 J9 2D MATER JI 2D Mater. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 3 IS 2 AR 022002 DI 10.1088/2053-1583/3/2/022002 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA DP5XL UT WOS:000378571400013 ER PT J AU Cao, YC Ren, W Casbeer, DW Schumacher, C AF Cao, Yongcan Ren, Wei Casbeer, David W. Schumacher, Corey TI Finite-Time Connectivity-Preserving Consensus of Networked Nonlinear Agents With Unknown Lipschitz Terms SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Consensus; cooperative control; limited sensing range; Lipschitz nonlinear dynamics ID SYSTEMS; MANIPULATORS; COORDINATION AB This technical note studies finite-time consensus problem for a team of networked nonlinear agents with unknown Lipschitz terms under communication constraints, where each agent has a limited sensing range. Because the induced interaction graph is typically state-dependent and dynamic, we propose a distributed nonlinear consensus algorithm that is capable of preserving the initial interaction patterns. By using tools from nonsmooth analysis, sufficient conditions are obtained such that finite-time consensus can be reached. An upper bound of the convergence time is derived via a two-step analysis. The validity of the theoretical result is shown by one simulation example. C1 [Cao, Yongcan] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Ren, Wei] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Casbeer, David W.; Schumacher, Corey] Air Force Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cao, YC (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RI Ren, Wei/G-7369-2011; OI Ren, Wei/0000-0002-2818-9752; Cao, Yongcan/0000-0003-3383-0185 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-1307678] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant ECCS-1307678. Approved for public release; distributed unlimited, 88ABW-2012-4856. This paper was presented in part at the 2013 American Control Conference, Washington, DC, June 2013. Recommended by Associate Editor S. Zampieri. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9286 EI 1558-2523 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD JUN PY 2016 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1700 EP 1705 DI 10.1109/TAC.2015.2479926 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA DP3WG UT WOS:000378426000032 ER PT J AU Raimondi, CJ Jessup, JP Ashcraft-Olmscheid, D Vandewalle, KS AF Raimondi, Christopher J. Jessup, Jeffrey P. Ashcraft-Olmscheid, Deborah Vandewalle, Kraig S. TI Bond strength of resin cements to dentin using universal bonding agents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID SIMPLIFIED-STEP ADHESIVES; DUAL-CURED COMPOSITES; SELF-ETCHING ADHESIVE; LUTING CEMENT; CURING MODE; INCOMPATIBILITY; COMPATIBILITY; PERFORMANCE; MONOMERS AB Purpose: To determine the effect of new universal bonding agents on the bond strength of dual-cure resin cements to dentin. Methods: 140 extracted human third molars were mounted in dental stone and sectioned with a saw to remove coronal tooth structure. The teeth were randomly divided into seven groups of 20, based on the use of five universal bonding agents (All-Bond Universal; FuturaBond U; Prime&Bond Elect; Scotchbond Universal; Clearfil Universal) compared to two self-etch bonding agents (Clearfil SE Bond and Clearfil SE Bond 2). Each group was further divided into two equal subgroups of 10 specimens each with each subgroup tested with either self-or light-cure activation of the dual-cure resin cement (Calibra). The bonding agent was applied per manufacturers' instructions to the dentin surface of each specimen. The specimens were placed into a jig and resin cement was inserted into the mold to a height of 3-4 mm and light cured. Specimens were stored for 24 hours in 37 degrees C distilled water and tested in shear in a universal testing machine. A mean shear bond strength value (MPa) and standard deviation was determined per group. Results: Except for Clearfil Universal, the new simplified universal bonding agents resulted in significantly lower shear bond strength of the resin cement to dentin than the two-step, self-etching bonding agents Clearfil SE Bond or Clearfil SE Bond 2. C1 [Vandewalle, Kraig S.] Joint Base San Antonio Lackland, Dent Res, 1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Raimondi, Christopher J.] Joint Base Anacostia Bolling, Adv Educ Gen Dent Residency AEGD 1, Washington, DC USA. [Jessup, Jeffrey P.] Operat Dent AEGD 2, Washington, DC USA. [Ashcraft-Olmscheid, Deborah] AEGD 2, Prosthodont Educ & Training, Washington, DC USA. RP Vandewalle, KS (reprint author), Joint Base San Antonio Lackland, Dent Res, 1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM kraig.vandewalle.3@us.af.mil FU 59th Clinical Research Training Division, Joint Base San Antonio - Lackland, Texas, USA FX The authors declared no conflict of interest. From the Advanced Education in General Dentistry Residency Program (AEGD-2), Air Force Postgraduate Dental School (AFPDS), Joint Base San Antonio Lackland, Texas, USA, and Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Funding for the study was provided by the 59th Clinical Research Training Division, Joint Base San Antonio - Lackland, Texas, USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU MOSHER & LINDER, INC PI WESTON PA 318 INDIAN TRACE SUITE 500, WESTON, FL 33326 USA SN 0894-8275 J9 AM J DENT JI Am. J. Dent. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 29 IS 3 BP 175 EP 179 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA DP4JX UT WOS:000378463300011 PM 27505996 ER PT J AU Huang, GY Tian, LM Liu, KK Hu, B Xu, F Lu, TJ Naik, RR Singamaneni, S AF Huang, Guoyou Tian, Limei Liu, Keng-Ku Hu, Bo Xu, Feng Lu, Tian Jian Naik, Rajesh R. Singamaneni, Srikanth TI Elastoplastic Deformation of Silk Micro- and Nanostructures SO ACS BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE silk; micro- and nanostructures; template-assisted; secondary structure; micro-Raman spectroscopy ID BOMBYX-MORI SILK; FIBROIN FILMS; SPIDER SILK; RAMAN MICROSPECTROSCOPY; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; BIOMATERIALS; ORIENTATION; TRANSITION; STRENGTH; DESIGN AB Excellent mechanical strength, programmable biodegradation, optical transparency, and extremely low surface roughness of reconstituted silk micro- and nanostructures makes them highly attractive for 'la broad range of applications in biophotonics, bioresorbable electronics, and targeted drug delivery. The mechanical behavior of reconstituted silk structures at micro- and nanometer length scales is not well understood because of the challenges associated with testing of silk structures at these length scalesiln this study, we demonstrate the fabrication of low-dimensional patterned silk films and silk micro- and nanopillars and their transfer to stretchable substrate's. The silk micro and nanostructures exhibited extremely high ductility with large local deformation (up to 230% local strain) and the extent of local deformation before failure was found to be secondary structure-dependent. The successful transfer of the patterned silk films to stretchable, substrates without the use of any organic solvent enabled us to probe the changes in the secondary structure of silk micro- and nanostructures upon mechanical deformation. Our results provide novel insight into the structure function relationship of silk materials, and hold promise for applications in tissue engineering, controlled drug delivery, and electronic and optical devices. C1 [Huang, Guoyou; Tian, Limei; Liu, Keng-Ku; Hu, Bo; Singamaneni, Srikanth] Washington Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Huang, Guoyou; Tian, Limei; Liu, Keng-Ku; Hu, Bo; Singamaneni, Srikanth] Washington Univ, Inst Mat Sci & Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Huang, Guoyou; Xu, Feng; Lu, Tian Jian] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, MOE Key Lab Biomed Informat Engn, Sch Life Sci & Technol, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Huang, Guoyou; Xu, Feng; Lu, Tian Jian] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, BEBC, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Naik, Rajesh R.] Soft Matter Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Naik, Rajesh R.] 711 Human Performance Wing, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Singamaneni, S (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.; Singamaneni, S (reprint author), Washington Univ, Inst Mat Sci & Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM singamaneni@wustl.edu RI Lu, Tian Jian/E-6063-2016 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-15-1-0228, 12RX11COR]; AFRL/RX; International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China [2013DFG02930]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2013M540742] FX We acknowledge support from Air Force Office of Scientific Research (S.S., Award FA9550-15-1-0228; and R.R.N., 12RX11COR) and AFRL/RX. This work was supported by the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (2013DFG02930) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2013M540742). The authors thank the Nano Research Facility (NRF) at Washington University for providing access to electron microscopy facilities. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2373-9878 J9 ACS BIOMATER SCI ENG JI ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 2 IS 6 BP 893 EP 899 DI 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00177 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Materials Science GA DO6WX UT WOS:000377925300002 ER PT J AU Oshima, Y Ahmadi, E Badescu, SC Wu, F Speck, JS AF Oshima, Yuichi Ahmadi, Elaheh Badescu, Stefan C. Wu, Feng Speck, James S. TI Composition determination of beta-(AlxGa1-x)(2)O-3 layers coherently grown on (010) beta-Ga2O3 substrates by high-resolution X-ray diffraction SO APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate X-ray-diffraction-based composition estimation of beta-(AlxGa1-x)(2)O-3 coherently grown on (010) beta-Ga2O3. The relation between the strain along the [010] direction and the Al composition of the beta-(AlxGa1-x)(2)O-3 layer was formulated using the stress-strain relationship in the monoclinic system. This formulation allows us to estimate the Al composition using the out-of-plane lattice spacing determined by conventional X-ray omega-2 theta. measurements. This method was applied to molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown coherent beta-(AlxGa1-x)(2)O-3/Ga2O3 heterostructures, and the Al composition in beta-(AlxGa1-x)(2)O-3 agrees closely with the composition determined directly by atom probe tomography. (C) 2016 The Japan Society of Applied Physics C1 [Oshima, Yuichi; Ahmadi, Elaheh; Wu, Feng; Speck, James S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Badescu, Stefan C.] Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Oshima, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM yuichi@engineering.ucsb.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-14-1-0112]; MRSEC Program of the U.S. National Science Foundation [DMR-1121053] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR, Program Manager Dr. Ali Sayir) through Grant Number FA9550-14-1-0112. Additional support for J.S.S. was provided by the MRSEC Program of the U.S. National Science Foundation under Award Number DMR-1121053. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1882-0778 EI 1882-0786 J9 APPL PHYS EXPRESS JI Appl. Phys. Express PD JUN PY 2016 VL 9 IS 6 AR 061102 DI 10.7567/APEX.9.061102 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DO5AK UT WOS:000377795800006 ER PT J AU Wiens, JP Miller, TM Shuman, NS Ard, SG Viggiano, AA AF Wiens, Justin P. Miller, Thomas M. Shuman, Nicholas S. Ard, Shaun G. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Time-of-flight detection coupled to a flowing afterglow: Improvements and characterization SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Mass spectrometry; Time-of-flight; Flowing afterglow; Ions; Plasma ID ION MUTUAL NEUTRALIZATION; ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; LANGMUIR-PROBE; FALP TECHNIQUE; COEFFICIENTS; APPARATUS; RADICALS; KINETICS; PLASMAS; 200-K AB An orthogonally accelerated time-of-flight mass spectrometer has been added to a flowing afterglow-Langmuir probe apparatus, coupled by a rectilinear ion guide. The TOF has improved the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio by about an order of magnitude over a quadrupole mass filter/electron multiplier detection typical for flow tube instruments of this type and used previously. The improved S/N reduces our data acquisition time commensurately. Additionally, mass discrimination is low enough that it is minimal for ions heavier than similar to 10 amu. The lack of mass discrimination not only reduces experiment time but also leads to greater accuracy in the measurement of reaction rate coefficients. Finally, simultaneous detection of both heavy and light ions is improved. H+ can now be detected and WF5+ isotopes can be separated without reducing sensitivity. We have found that discrimination against low-mass ions can occur when certain electron-attaching reactants are used (e.g. SF6), and possibly due to radicals formed after certain other reactants attach electrons. Evidence points to adsorption of these species on surfaces of the ion guide immediately behind the flowing afterglow sampling orifice, which separates the flow tube and TOF region. The adsorption follows a Langmuir isotherm profile and is greatly reduced by heating the gas in the flow tube. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wiens, Justin P.; Miller, Thomas M.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Ard, Shaun G.; Viggiano, Albert A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM justin.wiens.1.ctr@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; National Research Council Research Associateship Program; Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College [FA9453-10-C-0206] FX The work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (No. AFOSR-2303EP). J.P.W. is supported by the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. T.M.M. and S.G.A. acknowledge the support from the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College under Contract No. FA9453-10-C-0206. The authors would like to thank Bruce Kay and Rainer Johnsen for helpful discussions. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 EI 1873-2798 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 403 BP 27 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2016.03.003 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA DO4EM UT WOS:000377734600004 ER PT J AU Streib, E Blake, D Christmas, AB Clancy, K Cocanour, C Cooper, C Driscoll, RP Eastman, AL Ekeh, AP Gonzalez, R Hinsdale, JG Joseph, K Kuhls, DA Thomas, SG Cooper, Z AF Streib, Erik Blake, David Christmas, A. Britton Clancy, Keith Cocanour, Christine Cooper, Carnell Driscoll, Robert P. Eastman, Alexander L. Ekeh, Akpofure Peter Gonzalez, Richard Hinsdale, James G. Joseph, Kimberly Kuhls, Deborah A. Thomas, Scott G. Cooper, Zara CA AAST Prevention Comm TI American Association for the Surgery of Trauma statement on firearm injuries SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND ACUTE CARE SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Streib, Erik] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Blake, David] US Air Force, Norfolk, VA USA. [Christmas, A. Britton] Carolinas Med Ctr, Charlotte, NC 28203 USA. [Clancy, Keith] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, UH Case Med Ctr, Beachwood, OH USA. [Cooper, Carnell] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. [Driscoll, Robert P.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, South Shore Hosp, Hingham, MA USA. [Eastman, Alexander L.] UT Southwestern Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. [Ekeh, Akpofure Peter] Wright State Univ, Miami Valley Hosp, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Gonzalez, Richard] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Hinsdale, James G.] Good Samaritan Hosp, San Jose, CA USA. [Joseph, Kimberly] JHS Cook Cty Hosp, Chicago, IL USA. [Kuhls, Deborah A.] Univ Nevada, Sch Med, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Thomas, Scott G.] Beacon Trauma & Surg Serv, South Bend, IN USA. [Cooper, Zara] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Surg & Publ Hlth, One Brigham Circle,1620 Tremont St,4-020, Boston, MA 02120 USA. RP Cooper, Z (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Surg & Publ Hlth, One Brigham Circle,1620 Tremont St,4-020, Boston, MA 02120 USA. EM zcooper@partners.org NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 2163-0755 EI 2163-0763 J9 J TRAUMA ACUTE CARE JI J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 80 IS 6 BP 849 EP 849 DI 10.1097/TA.0000000000001090 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA DO5MX UT WOS:000377828300002 PM 27116407 ER PT J AU Carter, CD Hammack, S Lee, T AF Carter, Campbell D. Hammack, Stephen Lee, Tonghun TI High-speed flamefront imaging in premixed turbulent flames using planar laser-induced fluorescence of the CH C-X band SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE kHz diagnostics; CH PLIF; Turbulent combustion ID JET FLAMES; REPETITION-RATE; METHANE FLAMES; PLIF; OH; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; SYSTEM; RATES AB We describe efforts to develop kHz-rate or high-speed planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of the CH radical for application to premixed flames. The basic approach used here involves excitation and detection of the CH radial via the C-2 Sigma(+)-X-2 Pi (v' = 0, v '' = 0) band, which has transitions in the wavelength range lambda approximate to 310-320 nm. Transitions in this band are generally stronger than those in the A-X and B-X bands of CH and the radiative lifetimes are shorter too. Thus, the C-X band should have advantages with regard to CH detectability in atmospheric flames, and we show that good CH-PLIF signal-to-noise and signal to-background ratios can be attained at a 10-kHz interrogation rate and that the spatial resolution (of the CH layer) is reasonably good as well. Of course, strong OH lines, from the A(2)Sigma(+)-X-2 Pi (0,0) and (1,1) bands, lie nearby the CH C-X lines. While this can create some interference in the detection of CH, we demonstrate that OH lines can be avoided, if desired, or excited, if desired. Indeed, easy access to either CH or OH is a substantial benefit of the method outlined herein. Furthermore, we show that simultaneous imaging of CH and OH-using a single laser system and camera-is possible too. We demonstrate the utility of this approach for resolving the flamefront dynamics with 10-kHz measurements in a turbulent, premixed methane-air Bunsen flame: we see intrusion of flame and products into the reactant-zone, which appears to accelerate the consumption of the reactant core, and fingers of flame and reactants that extend into the product-zone and then pinch off and burn out. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Carter, Campbell D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RQHF, 1950 Fifth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hammack, Stephen; Lee, Tonghun] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hammack, Stephen] Aerosp Syst Directorate, 1950 Fifth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Carter, CD (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RQHF, 1950 Fifth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Campbell.carter@us.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory; Aerospace Systems Directorate (AFRL/RQ); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); AFOSR grant [FA9550-14-1-0343] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Aerospace Systems Directorate (AFRL/RQ), and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). University of Illinois contributions were funded through AFOSR grant FA9550-14-1-0343. In addition, we wish to thank the following people: Dr. Andrei Lipatnikov (Chalmers) for valuable input regarding premixed turbulent flame dynamics; Mr. Aaron Skiba and Mr. Timothy Wabel (University of Michigan) for stimulating discussions regarding flamefront markers; Prof. James Driscoll (University of Michigan) for the loan of the 2D Bunsen burner; and Prof. Adam Steinberg (University of Toronto) for advice in the burner setup. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUN PY 2016 VL 168 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.03.024 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DN5YZ UT WOS:000377148900007 ER PT J AU Richardson, DR Jiang, NB Blunck, DL Gord, JR Roy, S AF Richardson, Daniel R. Jiang, Naibo Blunck, David L. Gord, James R. Roy, Sukesh TI Characterization of inverse diffusion flames in vitiated cross flows via two-photon planar laser-induced fluorescence of CO and 2-D thermometry SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Laser diagnostics; Two-photon CO-PLIF; Film cooling; Inverse diffusion flames ID WELL-STIRRED REACTOR; COMBUSTION GASES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ELEVATED PRESSURE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; OH FLUORESCENCE; MODEL COMBUSTOR; N-HEPTANE; JET; OXIDATION AB Two-photon, planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of carbon-monoxide (CO) and two-dimensional thermometry employing two-color, hydroxyl radical (OH) PLIF are used to characterize atmospheric pressure inverse diffusion flames. These flames are important tools to aid the understanding of secondary reaction zones that may form in gas turbine engines when film-cooling air reacts with fuel-rich packets from the combustor. For the experiments performed in the present study, exhaust from a propane-air well-stirred reactor is channeled to a test section where three different film-cooling geometries are used to create inverse diffusion flames: (1) a single row of normal cooling holes, (2) a slot cut at an angle of 30 with respect to the wall, and (3) an 5 x 11 array of cooling holes. It is found that CO and H-2 concentrations of a few percent can lead to secondary reaction zones and that different cooling-hole geometries can produce dramatically different secondary reaction-zone shapes. These secondary reaction zone flames have Damkohler numbers greater than unity and are diffusion limited. The PLIF measurements show regions where CO is consumed, OH produced, and the temperature perturbed. For film-cooling flows that remain attached to the wall, the secondary reaction zone is also close to the wall and can cover a relatively long axial length. For film-cooling flows that separate from the wall, the secondary reaction zones protrude farther into the cross flow then quickly mix with the cross flow. By comparing the CO, OH, and temperature fields, three characteristic regions of flows with secondary reaction zones are identified: the injection region where cooling air displaces the vitiated cross flow, the secondary reaction zone region, and the mix-out region where all of the oxygen has been consumed and mixing with the vitiated cross flow controls the local composition and temperature. (C) 2016 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Richardson, Daniel R.; Jiang, Naibo; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Blunck, David L.; Gord, James R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Blunck, David L.] Oregon State Univ, Sch Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA.; Gord, JR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM james.gord@us.af.mil; sroy@woh.rr.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-12-C-2236, FA8650-15-D-2518]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [14RQ06COR] FX The authors express their gratitude to Dr. Scott Stauffer of University of Dayton Research Institute for stimulating scientific discussions and technical assistance. The authors would like to thank Richard Zehring of Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc. for his excellent assistance with the combustion facility. This work was funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory contract nos. FA8650-12-C-2236 and FA8650-15-D-2518 and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (14RQ06COR) (Dr. Chiping Li, Program Officer). This work was cleared for public release (88ABW-2015-4424). NR 83 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUN PY 2016 VL 168 BP 270 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.03.005 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DN5YZ UT WOS:000377148900022 ER PT J AU Chang, WM Ding, KH Tsang, L Xu, XL AF Chang, Wenmo Ding, Kung-Hau Tsang, Leung Xu, Xiaolan TI Microwave Scattering and Medium Characterization for Terrestrial Snow With QCA-Mie and Bicontinuous Models: Comparison Studies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Bicontinuous model; microwave remote sensing; quasi-crystalline approximation (QCA) model; terrestrial snow ID EMISSION MODEL; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; LAYERED SNOWPACKS; WATER EQUIVALENT; GRAIN-SIZE; SPHERES; ICE AB Comparison studies are made between the QCA-Mie model and the bicontinuous model in microwave scattering from terrestrial snow. Both the scattering properties and the medium characterization are compared. For QCA, we use the multisize and the sticky particle models. For the bicontinuous model, we use the probability distribution function for the wavenumber. We compare the scattering rate and the angular distribution of scattering using the mean cosine of scattering and show that the two models have similar properties. In medium characterization, we use the pair distribution functions used in QCA to derive the correlation functions. We show that both the Percus-Yevick pair functions and the bicontinuous model have tails in the correlation functions that are distinctly different from the traditional exponential correlation functions. The methodologies of using ground measurements of grain size distributions and correlation functions to obtain model parameters are addressed. C1 [Chang, Wenmo] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Ding, Kung-Hau] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tsang, Leung] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Xu, Xiaolan] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chang, WM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM wmchang@uw.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Terrestrial Hydrology Program [NNX15AU15G]; NASA Instrument Incubator Program "Enhancement, Demonstration, and Validation of the Wideband Instrument for Snow Measurements," by the NASA Remote Sensing Theory Program [NNX15AI13G]; National Science Foundation Polar Science Division [1503917] FX This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Terrestrial Hydrology Program under Grant NNX15AU15G, by the NASA Instrument Incubator Program "Enhancement, Demonstration, and Validation of the Wideband Instrument for Snow Measurements," by the NASA Remote Sensing Theory Program under Grant NNX15AI13G, and by the National Science Foundation Polar Science Division under Grant 1503917. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2016 VL 54 IS 6 BP 3637 EP 3648 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2522438 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA DO0OB UT WOS:000377477100042 ER PT J AU Hart, A Sytsma, M Ukeiley, L AF Hart, Adam Sytsma, Michael Ukeiley, Lawrence TI An aerodynamic characterization facility for micro air vehicle research SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICRO AIR VEHICLES LA English DT Article DE Low Reynolds number; atmospheric turbulence; micro air vehicle; wind tunnel ID PASSIVE SCALAR; WIND-TUNNEL; TURBULENCE; STATISTICS AB The Aerodynamic Characterization Facility is a unique facility located at the University of Florida's Research and Engineering Education Facility designed with the intent to study complex low Reynolds number, unsteady aerodynamic phenomena. This facility includes an open jet, open return wind tunnel specifically designed to operate in the low Reynolds number regime where current research efforts are being tasked for Micro Air Vehicle flight platforms. Specifically, the wind tunnel operates with freestream velocities ranging from nominally 0 to 22 m/s with 0.1 m/s resolution provided by a variable frequency drive utilized to control the tunnel. The test section entrance is 1.07 m(2) with a length of 4.6 m. Flow uniformity investigations at free stream velocities of 2 and 4 m/s demonstrate a uniform flow core throughout the test section of at least 50% of the 1.14 m(2) contraction exit. Hot wire anemometry investigations present turbulence intensities less than 0.22% for free stream velocities greater than 1 m/s. The facility is also equipped with a dynamic motion rig and active turbulence generator. The dynamic motion rig is utilized to investigate unsteady aerodynamics over dynamic kinematic motions similar to what one might find in small birds and insects. The active turbulence generator provides a means to introduce atmospheric-like turbulence into the wind tunnel to understand the coupling between turbulence and unsteady flow phenomena associated with bird and insect flight. C1 [Hart, Adam; Ukeiley, Lawrence] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Res & Engn Educ Facil, Shalimar, FL USA. RP Sytsma, M (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM michael.sytsma@us.af.mil FU AFOSR, under the Research Institute for Autonomous and Precision Guided Systems; AFRL-RW; Florida Center for Advanced Aero Propulsion (FCAAP) FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The authors at the University of Florida would like to acknowledge partial support for the development and characterization of the facility from both AFOSR, under the Research Institute for Autonomous and Precision Guided Systems and AFRL-RW along with the Florida Center for Advanced Aero Propulsion (FCAAP). NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1756-8293 EI 1756-8307 J9 INT J MICRO AIR VEH JI Int. J. Micro Air Veh. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 8 IS 2 BP 79 EP 91 DI 10.1177/1756829316653696 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DO3VA UT WOS:000377709100003 ER PT J AU Wu, XF Varshney, V Lee, J Zhang, T Wohlwend, JL Roy, AK Luo, TF AF Wu, Xufei Varshney, Vikas Lee, Jonghoon Zhang, Teng Wohlwend, Jennifer L. Roy, Ajit K. Luo, Tengfei TI Hydrogenation of Penta-Graphene Leads to Unexpected Large Improvement in Thermal Conductivity SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Penta-graphene; hydrogenated penta-graphene; graphene; thermal conductivity; anharmonicity; first-principles calculation ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT RAMAN; SINGLE-LAYER GRAPHENE; POLYCRYSTALLINE GRAPHENE; ELECTRON LOCALIZATION; TRANSPORT; SPECTROSCOPY; FULLERENE; CRYSTAL; PHONONS AB Penta-graphene (PG) has been identified as a novel two-dimensional (2D) material with an intrinsic bandgap, which makes it especially promising for electronics applications. In this work, we use first-principles lattice dynamics and iterative solution of the phonon Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) to determine the thermal conductivity of PG and its more stable derivative, hydrogenated penta-graphene (HPG). As a comparison, we also studied the effect of hydrogenation on graphene thermal conductivity: In contrast to hydrogenation of graphene, which leads, to a dramatic decrease in thermal conductivity, HPG shows a notable increase in thermal conductivity, which is much higher than that of PG, Considering the necessity of using the same thickness when comparing thermal conductivity values of different 2D materials, hydrogenation leads to a 63% reduction in thermal conductivity for graphene, while it results in a 76% increase for PG. The high thermal conductivity of HPG makes it more thermally Conductive than most other semiconducting 2D materials, such as. the transition metal chalcogenides. Our detailed analyses show that the primary reason for the counterintuitive hydrogenation-induced thermal conductivity enhancement is the weaker bond anharmonicity in HPG than PG. This leads to weaker phonon scattering after hydrogenation, despite the increase in the phonon scattering phase space. The high thermal conductivity of HPG may inspire intensive research around HPG and other derivatives of PG as potential materials for future nanoelectronic devices. The fundamental physics understood from this study may open up a new strategy to engineer thermal transport properties of other 2D materials by controlling bond anharmonicity via functionalization. C1 [Wu, Xufei; Zhang, Teng; Luo, Tengfei] Univ Notre Dame, Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46530 USA. [Varshney, Vikas; Lee, Jonghoon; Wohlwend, Jennifer L.; Roy, Ajit K.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Varshney, Vikas; Lee, Jonghoon; Wohlwend, Jennifer L.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45342 USA. [Luo, Tengfei] Ctr Sustainable Energy Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46530 USA. RP Luo, TF (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46530 USA. EM tluo@nd.edu RI Luo, Tengfei/A-8354-2013 FU NSF [1433490]; Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship; NCIS Darter [TG-CTS100078] FX X.W. thanks the support by NSF (1433490). T.L. thanks the support from the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship. The simulations are supported by the Notre Dame Center for Research Computing, and NSF through XSEDE computing resources provided by SDSC Trestles, Comet, and TACC Stampede and NCIS Darter under Grant TG-CTS100078. NR 62 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 25 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3925 EP 3935 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01536 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DO2WW UT WOS:000377642700074 PM 27152879 ER PT J AU Clark, G Schaibley, JR Ross, J Taniguchi, T Watanabe, K Hendrickson, JR Mou, S Yao, W Xu, XD AF Clark, Genevieve Schaibley, John R. Ross, Jason Taniguchi, Takashi Watanabe, Kenji Hendrickson, Joshua R. Mou, Shin Yao, Wang Xu, Xiaodong TI Single Defect Light-Emitting Diode in a van der Waals Heterostructure SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Transition metal dichalcogenides; tungsten diselenide; van der Waals heterostructure; electroluminescence; single defect ID ATOMICALLY THIN SEMICONDUCTOR; MONOLAYER WSE2; QUANTUM EMITTERS; EMISSION; EXCITONS; DOTS AB Single defects in monolayer WSe2 have been shown to be a new class of single photon emitters and have potential applications in quantum technologies. Whereas previous work relied on optical excitation of single defects in isolated WSe2 monolayers, in this work we demonstrate electrically driven single defect light emission by using both vertical and lateral van der Waals heterostructure devices. In both device geometries, we use few layer graphene as the source and drain and hexagonal boron nitride as the dielectric spacer layers for engineered tunneling contacts. In addition, the lateral devices utilize a split back gate design to realize an electrostatically defined p-i-n junction. At low current densities and low temperatures (similar to 5 K), we observe narrow spectral lines in the electroluminescence (EL) whose properties are consistent with optically excited defect bound excitons. We show that the, emission originates from spatially localized regions of the sample, and the EL spectrum from single defects has a doublet with the characteristic exchange splitting and linearly polarized selection rules. All are consistent with previously reported single photon emitters in optical measurements. Our results pave the way for on-chip and electrically driven single photon sources in two-dimensional semiconductors for quantum technology applications. C1 [Clark, Genevieve; Ross, Jason; Xu, Xiaodong] Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Schaibley, John R.; Xu, Xiaodong] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Taniguchi, Takashi; Watanabe, Kenji] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Adv Mat Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. [Hendrickson, Joshua R.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mou, Shin] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yao, Wang] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yao, Wang] Univ Hong Kong, Ctr Theoret & Computat Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Xu, XD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.; Xu, XD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM xuxd@uw.edu RI TANIGUCHI, Takashi/H-2718-2011; Yao, Wang/C-1353-2008 OI Yao, Wang/0000-0003-2883-4528 FU AFOSR [FA9550-14-1-0277]; AFRL Material & Manufacutring Directorate, Laboratory Director's Fund; Elemental Strategy Initiative; JSPS; Croucher Foundation; Research Grants Council; University Grants Committee of Hong Kong [HKU17305914P, HKU9/CRF/13G, AoE/P-04/08]; State of Washington; [AFOSR-15RY159COR]; [AFOSR-14RX12COR] FX This work is supported by AFOSR (FA9550-14-1-0277) and AFRL Material & Manufacutring Directorate, Laboratory Director's Fund. J.H. acknowledges support from AFOSR-15RY159COR (PM: Gernot Pomrenke). M.S. acknowledges support from AFOSR-14RX12COR (PM: Gernot Pomrenke). K.W. and T.T. acknowledge support from the Elemental Strategy Initiative conducted by the MEXT, Japan and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas "Science of Atomic Layers" from JSPS. W.Y. were supported by the Croucher Foundation (Croucher Innovation Award) and the Research Grants Council and University Grants Committee of Hong Kong (HKU17305914P, HKU9/CRF/13G, AoE/P-04/08). X.X. acknowledges a Cottrell Scholar Award and support from the State of Washington-funded Clean Energy Institute. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 43 U2 89 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3944 EP 3948 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01580 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DO2WW UT WOS:000377642700076 PM 27213921 ER PT J AU Menger, RP Wolf, ME Lang, RW Smith, DR Nanda, A Letarte, P Rosner, MK AF Menger, Richard P. Wolf, Michael E. Lang, Richard W. Smith, Donald R. Nanda, Anil Letarte, Peter Rosner, Michael K. TI Military Neurosurgery: A Range of Service Options SO NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE Military neurosurgery; Military service; Socioeconomic analysis; United States Air Force; United States Army; United States Navy ID EXPERIENCE AB The pathway to military neurosurgical practice can include a number of accession options. This article is an objective comparison of fiscal, tangible, and intangible benefits provided through different military neurosurgery career paths. Neurosurgeons may train through active duty, reserve, or civilian pathways. These modalities were evaluated on the basis of economic data during residency and the initial 3 years afterwards. When available, military base pay, basic allowance for housing and subsistence, variable special pay, board certified pay, incentive pay, multiyear special pay, reserve drill pay, civilian salary, income tax, and other tax incentives were analyzed using publically available data. Civilians had lower residency pay, higher starting salaries, increased taxes, malpractice insurance cost, and increased overhead. Active duty service saw higher residency pay, lower starting salary, tax incentives, increased benefits, and almost no associated overhead including malpractice coverage. Reserve service saw a combination of civilian benefits with supplementation of reserve drill pay in return for weekend drill and the possibility of deployment and activation. Being a neurosurgeon in the military is extremely rewarding. From a financial perspective, ignoring intangibles, this article shows most entry pathways with initially modest differences between the cumulative salaries of active duty and civilian career paths and with higher overall compensation available from the reserve service option. These pathways become increasingly discrepant over time as civilian pay greatly exceeds that of military neurosurgeons. We hope that those curious about or considering serving in the United States military benefit from our accounting and review of these comparative paths.ABBREVIATIONS:FAP, Financial Assistance ProgramNADDS, Navy Active Duty Delay for SpecialistsTMS, Training in Medical Specialties C1 [Menger, Richard P.; Smith, Donald R.; Nanda, Anil] Louisiana State Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurosurg, Shreveport, LA USA. [Wolf, Michael E.] Air Test & Evaluat Squadron Three Zero, Dept Aerosp Med, Point Mugu Nawc, CA USA. [Menger, Richard P.; Wolf, Michael E.; Lang, Richard W.; Letarte, Peter] US Navy, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Smith, Donald R.] US Air Force, Boulder, CO USA. [Letarte, Peter] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol Surg, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Rosner, Michael K.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Neurosurg Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. [Rosner, Michael K.] US Army, Boulder, CO USA. RP Menger, RP (reprint author), 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71103 USA. EM richard.menger@gmail.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0148-396X J9 NEUROSURGERY JI Neurosurgery PD JUN PY 2016 VL 78 IS 6 BP 765 EP 773 DI 10.1227/NEU.0000000000001084 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA DN2GO UT WOS:000376882300016 PM 26528672 ER PT J AU Grejner-Brzezinska, DA Toth, CK Moore, T Raquet, JF Miller, MM Kealy, A AF Grejner-Brzezinska, Dorota A. Toth, Charles K. Moore, Terry Raquet, John F. Miller, Mikel M. Kealy, Allison TI Multisensor Navigation Systems: A Remedy for GNSS Vulnerabilities? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS); resilient navigation; sensor integration ID ENVIRONMENTS; PERFORMANCE; INTEGRATION; FEATURES; IMAGE AB Space-based positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) technologies, such as the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) provide position, velocity, and timing information to an unlimited number of users around the world. In recent years, PNT information has become increasingly critical to the security, safety, and prosperity of the World's population, and is now widely recognized as an essential element of the global information infrastructure. Due to its vulnerabilities and line-of-sight requirements, GNSS alone is unable to provide PNT with the required levels of integrity, accuracy, continuity, and reliability. A multisensor navigation approach offers an effective augmentation in GNSS-challenged environments that holds a promise of delivering robust and resilient PNT. Traditionally, sensors such as inertial measurement units (IMUs), barometers, magnetometers, odometers, and digital compasses, have been used. However, recent trends have largely focused on image-based, terrain-based and collaborative navigation to recover the user location. This paper offers a review of the technological advances that have taken place in PNT over the last two decades, and discusses various hybridizations of multisensory systems, building upon the fundamental GNSS/IMU integration. The most important conclusion of this study is that in order to meet the challenging goals of delivering continuous, accurate and robust PNT to the ever-growing numbers of users, the hybridization of a suite of different PNT solutions is required. C1 [Grejner-Brzezinska, Dorota A.; Toth, Charles K.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Moore, Terry] Univ Nottingham, Nottingham Geospatial Inst, Nottingham NG7 2TU, England. [Raquet, John F.] US Air Force, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Miller, Mikel M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kealy, Allison] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Grejner-Brzezinska, DA; Toth, CK (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.; Moore, T (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Nottingham Geospatial Inst, Nottingham NG7 2TU, England.; Raquet, JF (reprint author), US Air Force, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Miller, MM (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Kealy, A (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM grejner-brzezinska.1@osu.edu; toth.2@osu.edu; terry.moore@nottingham.ac.uk; john.raquet@afit.edu; mikel.miller@us.af.mil; a.kealy@unimelb.edu.au OI Moore, Terry/0000-0002-6169-059X NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUN PY 2016 VL 104 IS 6 SI SI BP 1339 EP 1353 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2016.2528538 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA DN5MH UT WOS:000377112000015 ER PT J AU Morajkar, RR Klomparens, RL Eagle, WE Driscoll, JF Gamba, M Benek, JA AF Morajkar, Rohan R. Klomparens, Robin L. Eagle, W. Ethan Driscoll, James F. Gamba, Mirko Benek, John A. TI Relationship Between Intermittent Separation and Vortex Structure in a Three-Dimensional Shock/Boundary-Layer Interaction SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 12-18, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP AIAA ID TURBULENT BOUNDARY-LAYER; LOW-FREQUENCY UNSTEADINESS; TRANSONIC CHANNEL FLOWS; SHOCK-WAVE; SWEPT-SHOCK; IDENTIFICATION; CORNER; TOPOLOGY; MODEL; DUCT AB The relationship between the three-dimensional vortex structures and flow-separation zones generated by a shock wave/boundary-layer interaction within a low-aspect-ratio duct was studied using stereoscopic particle imaging velocimetry measurements. In this configuration, the interaction of the incident shock with all walls was important in controlling the flowfield; the three interactions coupled to produce a strongly distorted flowfield. Conditional sampling was used to construct the local probability of reverse flow maps, and thus quantify the distribution of regions of intermittent separation on both bottom-walls and side-walls. The latter regions were found to be significantly larger and more likely to separate than the former. Thus, it was concluded that the sidewall and corner flow interactions dominate in this configuration. A triple decomposition of motion was used to construct a three-dimensional representation of the vortex features generated by the interaction. The results indicated that the flowfield was dominated by three vortex systems: 1)the vortex associated with the sidewall swept-shock interaction; 2)a complex, possibly branched, vortex pair induced on the bottom wall; and 3)a vortex pair induced by the flow at the corner, which coupled the two interactions. The role of the three vortex systems on the onset of flow separation was also explored and discussed. C1 [Morajkar, Rohan R.; Klomparens, Robin L.; Driscoll, James F.; Gamba, Mirko] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Eagle, W. Ethan] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Benek, John A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, AFRL Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Eagle, W. Ethan] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Morajkar, RR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. OI Eagle, W. Ethan/0000-0002-1425-0778 NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 54 IS 6 BP 1862 EP 1880 DI 10.2514/1.J053905 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DM9FP UT WOS:000376670800004 ER PT J AU Yoon, J Dunlap, S Butts, J Rice, M Ramsey, B AF Yoon, Jungsang Dunlap, Stephen Butts, Jonathan Rice, Mason Ramsey, Benjamin TI Evaluating the readiness of cyber first responders responsible for critical infrastructure protection SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Cyber attacks; Cyber emergency response personnel; Evaluation criteria; Training exercises AB First responders go through rigorous training and evaluation to ensure that they are adequately prepared for emergencies. For example, fire departments continually evaluate the readiness of their firefighting personnel using a defined set of criteria that measures their performance in fire suppression and rescue procedures. However, in the cyber security domain, similar evaluation criteria and rigor are severely lacking for professionals who help detect, respond to and recover from cyber-based attacks against critical infrastructure assets. To address the gap, this paper provides a framework for evaluating the readiness of cyber first responders responsible for critical infrastructure protection. The evaluation criteria are conceptually based on the NFPA 1410 standards that are used to assess the readiness of firefighter first responders. The utility of the framework is illustrated using a military cyber training exercise that evaluated the readiness of professionals who respond to real-world cyber attack scenarios. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Yoon, Jungsang; Dunlap, Stephen; Rice, Mason; Ramsey, Benjamin] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Butts, Jonathan] QED Secure Solut, 417 Forest Ridge Dr, Coppell, TX 75019 USA. RP Rice, M (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mason.rice@afit.edu NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-5482 EI 2212-2087 J9 INT J CRIT INFR PROT JI Int. J. Crit. Infrastruct. Prot. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 13 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.ijcip.2016.02.003 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA DM6GK UT WOS:000376448400003 ER PT J AU Parker, JT Schniter, P AF Parker, Jason T. Schniter, Philip TI Parametric Bilinear Generalized Approximate Message Passing SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Approximate message passing; belief propagation; bilinear estimation; blind deconvolution; self-calibration; joint channel-symbol estimation; matrix compressive sensing ID MATRIX DECOMPOSITION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; IDENTIFICATION; ALGORITHM; SPARSITY AB We propose a scheme to estimate the parameters b(i) and c(j) of the bilinear form z(m) = Sigma(i,j) b(i)z(m)((i,j))c(j) from noisy measurements {y(m)}(m=1)(M), where y(m) and z(m) are related through an arbitrary likelihood function and z(m)((i,j)) are known. Our scheme is based on generalized approximate message passing (G-AMP): it treats b(i) and c(j) as random variables and z(m)((i,j)) as an i.i.d. Gaussian 3-way tensor in order to derive a tractable simplification of the sum-product algorithm in the large-system limit. It generalizes previous instances of bilinear G-AMP, such as those that estimate matrices B and C from a noisy measurement of Z = BC, allowing the application of AMP methods to problems such as self-calibration, blind deconvolution, and matrix compressive sensing. Numerical experiments confirm the accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed approach. C1 [Parker, Jason T.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Schniter, Philip] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Parker, JT (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA.; Schniter, P (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM jason.parker.13@us.af.mil; schniter@ece.osu.edu FU AFOSR Lab Task [11RY02COR]; NSF [IIP-0968910, CCF-1218754, CCF-1527162] FX The work of J. T. Parker was supported by AFOSR Lab Task 11RY02COR. The work of P. Schniter was supported in part by the NSF under Grants IIP-0968910, CCF-1218754, and CCF-1527162, and in part by an allocation of computing time from the Ohio Supercomputer Center. Portions of this work appeared in [1] and were presented at the Information Theory and Applications Workshop, La Jolla, CA, USA, February 2015 and 2016. The guest editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Justin Romberg. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1932-4553 EI 1941-0484 J9 IEEE J-STSP JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 10 IS 4 BP 795 EP 808 DI 10.1109/JSTSP.2016.2539123 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA DM1IK UT WOS:000376098700016 ER PT J AU Sunberg, Z Chakravorty, S Erwin, RS AF Sunberg, Zachary Chakravorty, Suman Erwin, Richard Scott TI Information Space Receding Horizon Control for Multisensor Tasking Problems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CYBERNETICS LA English DT Article DE Sensor scheduling; situational awareness; stochastic systems ID MODEL-PREDICTIVE CONTROL; COOPERATIVE CONTROL; SENSOR PLATFORMS; SYSTEMS; NETWORK; POMDPS AB In this paper, we present a receding horizon solution to the problem of optimal scheduling for multiple sensors monitoring a group of dynamical targets. The term target is used here in the classic sense of being the object that is being sensed or observed by the sensors. This problem is motivated by the space situational awareness (SSA) problem. The multisensor optimal scheduling problem can be posed as a multiagent Markov decision process on the information space which has a dynamic programming (DP) solution. We present a simulation-based stochastic optimization technique that exploits the structure inherent in the problem to obtain variance reduction along with a distributed solution. This stochastic optimization technique is combined with a receding horizon approach which uses online solution of the control problems to obviate the need to solve the computationally intractable multiagent information space DP problem and hence, makes the technique computationally tractable. The technique is tested on a moderate scale SSA example which is nonetheless computationally intractable for existing solution techniques. C1 [Sunberg, Zachary] Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Chakravorty, Suman] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Erwin, Richard Scott] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Sunberg, Z (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.; Chakravorty, S (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM sunbergzach@gmail.com; schakrav@aero.tamu.edu NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2168-2267 EI 2168-2275 J9 IEEE T CYBERNETICS JI IEEE T. Cybern. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1325 EP 1336 DI 10.1109/TCYB.2015.2445744 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA DM1MS UT WOS:000376110100007 PM 26259208 ER PT J AU Schafrik, RE AF Schafrik, Robert E. TI Materials for a Non-Steady-State World SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Schafrik, Robert E.] GE Aviat, Mat & Proc Engn Dept, Evendale, OH USA. [Schafrik, Robert E.] GE Aviat, Mat & Proc Engn, Evendale, OH USA. [Schafrik, Robert E.] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. [Schafrik, Robert E.] NRCs Natl Mat & Mfg Board, Washington, DC USA. RP Schafrik, RE (reprint author), ASM Int, Washington, DC USA. EM robert.schafrik@yahoo.com NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 47A IS 6 BP 2539 EP 2549 DI 10.1007/s11661-016-3442-6 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DL0NW UT WOS:000375330700001 ER PT J AU Wampler, D Kharod, C Bolleter, S Burkett, A Gabehart, C Manifold, C AF Wampler, David Kharod, Chetan Bolleter, Scotty Burkett, Alison Gabehart, Caitlin Manifold, Craig TI A randomized control hands-on defibrillation study-Barrier use evaluation SO RESUSCITATION LA English DT Article DE Hands on defibrillation; Emergency medical services; Prehospital medicine; Cardiac arrest ID EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATION; SAFETY; GLOVES AB Introduction: Chest compressions and defibrillation are the only therapies proven to increase survival in cardiac arrest. Historically, rescuers must remove hands to shock, thereby interrupting chest compressions. This hands-off time results in a zero blood flow state. Pauses have been associated with poorer neurological recovery. Methods: This was a blinded randomized control cadaver study evaluating the detection of defibrillation during manual chest compressions. An active defibrillator was connected to the cadaver in the sternum-apex configuration. The sham defibrillator was not connected to the cadaver. Subjects performed chest compressions using 6 barrier types: barehand, single and double layer nitrile gloves, firefighter gloves, neoprene pad, and a manual chest compression/decompression device. Randomized defibrillations (10 per barrier type) were delivered at 30 joules (J) for bare hand and 360 J for all other barriers. After each shock, the subject indicated degree of sensation on a VAS scale. Results: Ten subjects participated. All subjects detected 30j shocks during barehand compressions, with only 1 undetected real shock. All barriers combined totaled 500 shocks delivered. Five (1%) active shocks were detected, 1(0.2%) single layer of Nitrile, 3(0.6%) with double layer nitrile, and 1(0.2%) with the neoprene barrier. One sham shock was reported with the single layer nitrile glove. No shocks were detected with fire gloves or compression decompression device. All shocks detected barely perceptible (0.25(+/- 0.05) cm on 10 cm VAS scale). Conclusions: Nitrile gloves and neoprene pad prevent (99%) responder's detection of defibrillation of a cadaver. Fire gloves and compression decompression device prevented detection. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wampler, David; Gabehart, Caitlin; Manifold, Craig] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Emergency Hlth Sci, 4201 Med Dr Suite 120, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Kharod, Chetan] United States Air Force, Mil EMS & Disaster Med Fellowship, Joint Base San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. [Bolleter, Scotty; Burkett, Alison] Ctr Emergency Hlth Sci, Bulverde Spring Branch Emergency Serv, Spring Branch, TX USA. RP Wampler, D (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Emergency Hlth Sci, 4201 Med Dr Suite 120, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM wamplerd@uthscsa.edu OI Kharod, Chetan/0000-0003-4352-8887 FU Bulverde Spring Branch Emergency Services; Centre for Emergency Health Sciences; Department of Emergency Health Sciences, UTHSCSA FX Internal funds were used to support this project, provided by Bulverde Spring Branch Emergency Services, Centre for Emergency Health Sciences, and the Department of Emergency Health Sciences, UTHSCSA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-9572 J9 RESUSCITATION JI Resuscitation PD JUN PY 2016 VL 103 BP 37 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.03.019 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Emergency Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine; Emergency Medicine GA DL8NL UT WOS:000375898600019 PM 27036661 ER PT J AU Leite, GB Paranjape, K Hallenbeck, PC AF Leite, Gustavo B. Paranjape, Kiran Hallenbeck, Patrick C. TI Breakfast of champions: Fast lipid accumulation by cultures of Chlorella and Scenedesmus induced by xylose SO ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Microalgae; Chlorella vulgaris; Xylose; Lipid enhancement; Mixotrophic cultivation; Algal biofuels ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MICROALGAE CULTIVATION; FLUORESCENCE METHOD; MIXOTROPHIC GROWTH; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; NEUTRAL LIPIDS; NILE RED; SOROKINIANA; ENHANCEMENT AB The use of wastewater for algal cultivation could couple waste treatment credits with access to water and low-cost nutrients. The pulp & paper industry produces a waste stream rich in hemicellulose, where the major component is xylose. This pentose was previously shown to be relatively toxic to algal cells. Here its short term effects on Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. strains were evaluated. Xylose induced a quick boost in the cellular lipid content of the Chlorella strains, with flow cytometry data showing an increase of up to 4.1 fold in only six to 12 h, accompanied by growth arrest. After peak lipid accumulation, these strains started losing chlorophyll with complete loss over the next few days. However, addition of xylose to cultures of the Scenedesmus sp. did not show any negative effects. This strain was shown to be capable of both mixotrophic growth in the light and dark heterotrophic growth with xylose. These results suggest that xylose could be a substitute for the nitrogen starvation strategy for lipid content enhancement in Chlorella sp. strains, with higher performance in a fraction of the time required by the nutrient starvation method; and as carbon source for Scenedesmaceae strains. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Leite, Gustavo B.; Paranjape, Kiran; Hallenbeck, Patrick C.] Univ Montreal, Dept Microbiol Infectiol & Immunol, Ctr Ville, CP 6128, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Hallenbeck, Patrick C.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Biol, Life Sci Res Ctr, 2355 Fac Dr, Usaf Acad, CO 80840 USA. RP Hallenbeck, PC (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Microbiol Infectiol & Immunol, Ctr Ville, CP 6128, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. EM patrick.hallenbeck@umontreal.ca RI Leite, Gustavo/B-7382-2014 OI Leite, Gustavo/0000-0002-7181-1236 FU FQRNT (Le Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies) [2011-GZ-141307]; Bioremediation d'effluents industriel provenant de l'industrie des biocarburants via la culture de biomasse algale mixotrophe [24198]; CRSNG-STPGPBio-oil Recovery & CO2 Recycling by Waste Stream Enhanced Microalgal Growth & Low Energy CO2-Related Extraction [447266-13]; National Research Council Senior Research Associateship Award at the Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy FX This research was supported by grants from FQRNT (Le Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies), programme de recherche en partenariat contribuant a la sequestration des gaz a effet de serre (2011-GZ-141307) P.C.H., by Bioremediation d'effluents industriel provenant de l'industrie des biocarburants via la culture de biomasse algale mixotrophe (Numero de reference: 24198) and by CRSNG-STPGP 447266-13 Bio-oil Recovery & CO2 Recycling by Waste Stream Enhanced Microalgal Growth & Low Energy CO2-Related Extraction. PCH holds a National Research Council Senior Research Associateship Award at the Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the US Government. We thank Patrick McGinn and Shabana Bhatti (Halifax, NS), NRC Institute for Marine Biosciences, for advice and training at the Ketch Harbour Research Center. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2211-9264 J9 ALGAL RES JI Algal Res. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 16 BP 338 EP 348 DI 10.1016/j.algal.2016.03.041 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA DL4MD UT WOS:000375610000038 ER PT J AU Bandeira, AS Fickus, M Mixon, DG Moreira, J AF Bandeira, Afonso S. Fickus, Matthew Mixon, Dustin G. Moreira, Joel TI Derandomizing Restricted Isometries via the Legendre Symbol SO CONSTRUCTIVE APPROXIMATION LA English DT Article DE Derandomization; Legendre symbol; Small-bias sample space; Restricted isometry property; Compressed sensing ID JOHNSON-LINDENSTRAUSS; RANDOM PROJECTIONS; RIP MATRICES; PROPERTY; CONSTRUCTIONS; CODES; RECOVERY; FOURIER; PRIMES AB The restricted isometry property (RIP) is an important matrix condition in compressed sensing, but the best matrix constructions to date use randomness. This paper leverages pseudorandom properties of the Legendre symbol to reduce the number of random bits in an RIP matrix with Bernoulli entries. In this regard, the Legendre symbol is not special-our main result naturally generalizes to any small-bias sample space. We also conjecture that no random bits are necessary for our Legendre symbol-based construction. C1 [Bandeira, Afonso S.] Princeton Univ, Program Appl & Computat Math, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fickus, Matthew; Mixon, Dustin G.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Moreira, Joel] Ohio State Univ, Dept Math, 231 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Moreira, J (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Math, 231 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM ajsb@math.princeton.edu; matthew.fickus@afit.edu; dustin.mixon@afit.edu; moreira@math.ohio-state.edu FU AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0317]; NSF [DMS-1321779] FX The authors thank Prof. Peter Sarnak for insightful discussions. A. S. Bandeira was supported by AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-12-1-0317, and M. Fickus and D. G. Mixon were supported by NSF Grant No. DMS-1321779. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0176-4276 EI 1432-0940 J9 CONSTR APPROX JI Constr. Approx. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 43 IS 3 BP 409 EP 424 DI 10.1007/s00365-015-9310-6 PG 16 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA DL5YA UT WOS:000375711800004 ER PT J AU Vaillancourt, J Blasch, E Gu, GR Lu, XJ Reinhardt, K AF Vaillancourt, Jarrod Blasch, Erik Gu, Guiru Lu, Xuejun Reinhardt, Kitt TI A Demonstration of On-Chip Self-Registered Image Fusion Using a Voltage-Tunable Mid-Wave and Long-Wave Infrared Dual-Band Focal Plane Array SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MWIR; LWIR sensing and imaging; image fusion; segmentation; on-chip image fusion ID INFORMATION MEASURE; PERFORMANCE; WAVELENGTH AB In this paper, we obtain mid-wave infrared (MWIR), long-wave infrared (LWIR), and MWIR/LWIR dual-band images from a voltage tunable quantum dot focal plane array. The MWIR/LWIR dual-band image system allows collection of information from both bands and thus enables on-chip image fusion at the sensor with self-registered images of both bands. We compare the on-chip dual-band image with the off-chip-fused image of the MWIR and LWIR bands using standard image fusion methods. The on-chip image fusion shows much clearer features due to the self-registration in the dual-band image collection. The mutual information (Q(MI)) of the on-chip image fusion is also higher than that of the off-chip fused image. We also perform image segmentation for both the on-chip image fusion and the off-chip-fused image. The on-chip image fusion shows better background removal effect. Since no high-speed off-chip communication with an image fusion algorithm is needed, the on-chip self-registered image fusion is suitable for real-time sensing and image analysis. C1 [Vaillancourt, Jarrod] Appl NanoFemto Technol LLC, Lowell, MA 01851 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, RYAA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gu, Guiru] Stonehill Coll, Dept Phys, Easton, MA 02357 USA. [Lu, Xuejun] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Reinhardt, Kitt] US Air Force, Res Lab, RYDP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, RYAA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jarrod.vaillancourt@appliednanofemto.com; erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil; guiru_gu@uml.edu; xuejun_lu@uml.edu; kitt.reinhardt@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA950-10-1-0070]; [13R102COR] FX E. Blasch/K. Reinhardt were supported under grant 13R102COR and G. Gu/X. Lu under grant FA950-10-1-0070 by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was Dr. Marco Petrovich. (Corresponding author: Erik Blasch.) NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X EI 1558-1748 J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2016 VL 16 IS 11 SI SI BP 4374 EP 4379 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2016.2545520 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DL3WH UT WOS:000375563700048 ER PT J AU Zemtsova, GE Apanaskevich, DA Reeves, WK Hahn, M Snellgrove, A Levin, ML AF Zemtsova, Galina E. Apanaskevich, Dmitry A. Reeves, Will K. Hahn, Micah Snellgrove, Alyssa Levin, Michael L. TI Phylogeography of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and its relationships with climatic factors SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhipicephalus sanguineus; Genetic diversity; Phylogenetic analysis; Phylogeographic pattern; Climate variables ID BROWN DOG TICK; RICKETTSIA-RICKETTSII; ACARI IXODIDAE; SOUTH-AMERICA; POPULATIONS; LATREILLE; SEQUENCES; REGIONS; GENERA AB Brown dog ticks morphologically identifiable as Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, are distributed world-wide and their systematics is controversial. Results of genetic and reproductive compatibility studies of geographically distinct populations of R. sanguineus s.l. indicate that the R. sanguineus complex is paraphyletic. To further elucidate systematic relationships within R. sanguineus s.l. and geographic boundaries of its lineages, we conducted a phylogeographical study of 136 tick specimens from 23 countries. Voucher specimens were morphologically identified. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using concatenated partial mitochondrial 12S and 16S rDNA gene sequences and analyzed by the Neighbor-Joining method. A set of 19 bioclimatic variables within the WorldClim dataset were extracted and analyzed to assess correlations between distribution of R. sanguineus s.l. lineages and climatic variables. The following four branches are clearly recognized on the phylogenetic tree: R. sanguineus s.l.-tropical and temperate clades, R. leporis, and R. turanicus. DNA sequences of Rhipicephalus ticks from Israel differ from those of other groups. Strong association between geographical locations of major clades of R. sanguineus s.l. and temperature was identified. The tropical clade of R. sanguineus s.l. occupies areas with the annual mean temperature > 20 A degrees C, whereas the temperate clade is present in areas with the annual mean temperature < 20 A degrees C. Our results indicate that ticks in two closely related phylogenetic clades are adapted to different environmental conditions and support proposals for re-classification of R. sanguineus complex. Differences in R. sanguineus s.l. ecology and human/animal pathogens transmitted by different taxa of brown dog tick need to be studied. C1 [Zemtsova, Galina E.; Snellgrove, Alyssa; Levin, Michael L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Apanaskevich, Dmitry A.] Georgia So Univ, Inst Coastal Plain Sci, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Reeves, Will K.] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, PHR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hahn, Micah] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Hahn, Micah] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Zemtsova, GE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM GZemtsova@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 EI 1572-9702 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 69 IS 2 BP 191 EP 203 DI 10.1007/s10493-016-0035-4 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA DK4TQ UT WOS:000374912900006 PM 27003273 ER PT J AU Zhou, C Yagotintsev, KA Gao, P Haugan, TJ van der Laan, DC Nijhuis, A AF Zhou, C. Yagotintsev, K. A. Gao, P. Haugan, T. J. van der Laan, D. C. Nijhuis, A. TI Critical Current of Various REBCO Tapes Under Uniaxial Strain SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Critical current; REBCO; superconducting tapes; uniaxial strain ID YBCO COATED CONDUCTORS; DEPENDENCE; BEHAVIOR AB For high-current REBCO superconductors in high magnet fields with currents on the order of 50 kA, single coated conductors must be assembled in a cable. Under operating conditions, such cables are subjected to combined torsion, axial, and transverse loads in the tapes and tape joints. As such, the single tape performance under applied axial strain is crucial to understand cable limitations, and important for choosing an appropriate tape geometry and tape supplier. The critical current (I-c) versus applied uniaxial strain and the relative strain irreversibility limit were measured on HTS tapes produced by five manufacturers. The Ic measurements were performed at 77 K in self-field with the sample tapes soldered to the U-shaped bending spring (U-spring). It has been observed that most of the tapes perform well under applied compressive strain. The dependence of Ic on applied strain and the irreversibility limits were found to be unique for each tape. The n-values of the tapes, unlike the Ic, are less sensitive to applied strain in the reversible regime. The results of different tapes are presented and compared. C1 [Zhou, C.; Yagotintsev, K. A.; Gao, P.; Nijhuis, A.] Univ Twente, Fac Sci & Technol, NL-7522 NB Enschede, Netherlands. [Haugan, T. J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [van der Laan, D. C.] Adv Conductor Technol, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [van der Laan, D. C.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Zhou, C (reprint author), Univ Twente, Fac Sci & Technol, NL-7522 NB Enschede, Netherlands. EM c.zhou@utwente.nl RI van der Laan, Danko/L-5098-2016 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 26 IS 4 AR 8401304 DI 10.1109/TASC.2016.2535202 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA DK6YQ UT WOS:000375072100001 ER PT J AU Ooten, MK Anthony, RJ Lethander, AT Clark, JP AF Ooten, Michael K. Anthony, Richard J. Lethander, Andrew T. Clark, John P. TI Unsteady Aerodynamic Interaction in a Closely Coupled Turbine Consistent With Contrarotation SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID HEAT-TRANSFER MEASUREMENTS; ROTOR-STATOR INTERACTION; TRANSONIC TURBINE; PRESSURE; BLADE; STAGE AB The focus of the study presented here was to investigate the interaction between the blade and downstream vane of a stage-and-one-half transonic turbine via computation fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis and experimental data. A Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) flow solver with the two-equation Wilcox 1998 k-omega turbulence model was used as the numerical analysis tool for comparison with all of the experiments conducted. The rigor and fidelity of both the experimental tests and numerical analysis methods were built through two-and three-dimensional steady-state comparisons, leading to threedimensional time-accurate comparisons. This was accomplished by first testing the midspan and quarter-tip two-dimensional geometries of the blade in a linear transonic cascade. The effects of varying the incidence angle and pressure ratio on the pressure distribution were captured both numerically and experimentally. This was used during the stage-and-one-half post-test analysis to confirm that the target corrected speed and pressure ratio were achieved. Then, in a full annulus facility, the first vane itself was tested in order to characterize the flowfield exiting the vane that would be provided to the blade row during the rotating experiments. Finally, the full stage-and-one-half transonic turbine was tested in the full annulus cascade with a data resolution not seen in any studies to date. A rigorous convergence study was conducted in order to sufficiently model the flow physics of the transonic turbine. The surface pressure traces and the discrete Fourier transforms (DFT) thereof were compared to the numerical analysis. Shock trajectories were tracked through the use of two-point space-time correlation coefficients. Very good agreement was seen when comparing the numerical analysis to the experimental data. The unsteady interaction between the blade and downstream vane was well captured in the numerical analysis. C1 [Ooten, Michael K.; Anthony, Richard J.; Lethander, Andrew T.; Clark, John P.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ooten, MK (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.ooten@us.af.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X EI 1528-8900 J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2016 VL 138 IS 6 AR 061004 DI 10.1115/1.4032284 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA DK6SD UT WOS:000375054600004 ER PT J AU Deas, DE Moritz, AJ Sagun, RS Gruwell, SF Powell, CA AF Deas, David E. Moritz, Alan J. Sagun, Ruben S., Jr. Gruwell, Scott F. Powell, Charles A. TI Scaling and root planing vs. conservative surgery in the treatment of chronic periodontitis SO PERIODONTOLOGY 2000 LA English DT Review ID DEBRIDEMENT FLAP PROCEDURES; MODIFIED WIDMAN PROCEDURES; LONG-TERM EVALUATION; ATTACHMENT PROCEDURE; TOOTH LOSS; PLAQUE CONTROL; HISTOLOGIC EVALUATION; SUBGINGIVAL PLAQUE; SURGICAL-TREATMENT; REFERRAL PATTERNS AB A renewed interest in conservative surgical techniques has been fueled by new technology, changes in referral patterns to periodontists and a desire to achieve periodontal health in the least invasive, most cost-efficient manner possible. Trends suggest that an increasing amount of periodontal care is being provided in the offices of general dentists. If true, it is likely that patients receiving care in these offices will be offered simpler surgical treatment modalities that do not require an extensive armamentarium. The purpose of this article was to review the effectiveness of six relatively simple surgical techniques - gingivectomy, flap debridement, modified Widman flap, excisional new attachment procedure, modified excisional new attachment procedure and laser-assisted new attachment procedure - and to compare the results obtained using these procedures with the well-known clinical benefits of scaling and root planing. The intent was to determine whether the benefits of surgical procedures in the hands of most general dentists extend beyond those of conventional nonsurgical therapy. C1 [Deas, David E.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Sch Dent, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Moritz, Alan J.; Sagun, Ruben S., Jr.] US Air Force, Periodont Residency, Joint Base San Antonio L, TX USA. [Powell, Charles A.] Univ Colorado, Sch Dent Med, Dept Surg Dent, Div Periodont, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Deas, DE (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Sch Dent, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 87 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6713 EI 1600-0757 J9 PERIODONTOL 2000 JI Periodontol. 2000 PD JUN PY 2016 VL 71 IS 1 BP 128 EP 139 DI 10.1111/prd.12114 PG 12 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA DJ0XU UT WOS:000373928500008 PM 27045434 ER PT J AU Chidambaram, LM Madria, SK Linderman, M AF Chidambaram, Lekshmi M. Madria, Sanjay K. Linderman, Mark TI MELOC-X: extended memory and location optimized caching for large mobile ad hoc networks of UAVs SO DISTRIBUTED AND PARALLEL DATABASES LA English DT Article DE Caching; Cache location; Mobile ad hoc networks; Availability; UAV network AB Effective caching in mobile ad hoc network increases data availability. However, caching at strategic locations with reduced (controlled) number of copies is needed for many military applications involving UAVs to address security concerns, less maintenance overhead and maintaining availability. In general, existing cooperative caching approaches are deficient in finding the reduced number of strategic cache locations. One such technique to reduce the number of strategic cache locations without affecting the efficacy of data access for a small network topology of UAVs is called "memory and location optimized caching scheme (MELOC)". However, having a single broker and metadata broadcast across the whole network in MELOC lead to severe performance hindrance in case of a large network topology of UAVs. Moreover, frequent cache replacements due to a change in network topology do not favor cache hit and bandwidth conservation in case of large mobile networks consisting of UAVs. In this paper, we design and evaluate an extended version of "MELOC called MELOC-X", which suits large network topologies of UAVs by overcoming the above challenges. Our comparison with one such recent scheme with similar objectives showcased a significant improvement in performance. We also evaluate the impact of this scheme with respect to different metrics including the average number of hops, the average roundtrip time (i.e., average query latency), cache hits and mobility to access cached data through extensive simulations. C1 [Chidambaram, Lekshmi M.; Madria, Sanjay K.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Rome, MO USA. [Linderman, Mark] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Madria, SK (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Rome, MO USA. EM lcvh8@mst.edu; madrias@mst.edu; mark.linderman@rl.af.mil NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-8782 EI 1573-7578 J9 DISTRIB PARALLEL DAT JI Distrib. Parallel Databases PD JUN PY 2016 VL 34 IS 2 BP 217 EP 258 DI 10.1007/s10619-015-7181-2 PG 42 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA DH7YI UT WOS:000373009700004 ER PT J AU Jones, T Gonzalez, LP Guha, S Sheng, Q AF Jones, Tiffany Gonzalez, Leonel P. Guha, Shekhar Sheng, Qin TI A continuing exploration of a decomposed compact method for highly oscillatory wave problems SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Paraxial wave equation; Radial symmetry; High oscillations; Compact algorithm; Decompositions; Stability ID BEAM; APPROXIMATION AB This paper concerns a highly effective and decomposed compact scheme for solving a highly oscillatory paraxial Helmholtz problem in radially symmetric fields. The decomposition is utilized in the transverse direction to eliminate the singularity of the differential equation in polar coordinates. Numerical stability of the splitting scheme is investigated. It is shown that the numerical method introduced is not only highly accurate and efficient due to its straightforward algorithmic structure, but also stable under reasonable constraints for practical applications. Computational examples are presented to illustrate our conclusions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jones, Tiffany; Sheng, Qin] Baylor Univ, Dept Math, 1 Bear Pl, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Jones, Tiffany; Sheng, Qin] Baylor Univ, Ctr Astrophys Space Phys & Engn Res, 1 Bear Pl, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Gonzalez, Leonel P.; Guha, Shekhar] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jones, T (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Math, 1 Bear Pl, Waco, TX 76798 USA.; Jones, T (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Ctr Astrophys Space Phys & Engn Res, 1 Bear Pl, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM Tiffany_Jones1@baylor.edu FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA-8650-11-D-5400] FX The fourth author is supported in part by a research grant (No. FA-8650-11-D-5400) from the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0427 EI 1879-1778 J9 J COMPUT APPL MATH JI J. Comput. Appl. Math. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 299 BP 207 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.cam.2015.11.044 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA DD7KD UT WOS:000370102300015 ER PT J AU Hope, DA Jefferies, SM Hart, M Nagy, JG AF Hope, Douglas A. Jefferies, Stuart M. Hart, Michael Nagy, James G. TI High-resolution speckle imaging through strong atmospheric turbulence SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID MULTIFRAME BLIND DECONVOLUTION; ASTRONOMICAL IMAGES; RESTORATION; ALGORITHM; PHASE; NOISE; LONG AB We demonstrate that high-resolution imaging through strong atmospheric turbulence can be achieved by acquiring data with a system that captures short exposure ("speckle") images using a range of aperture sizes and then using a bootstrap multi-frame blind deconvolution restoration process that starts with the smallest aperture data. Our results suggest a potential paradigm shift in how we image through atmospheric turbulence. No longer should image acquisition and post processing be treated as two independent processes: they should be considered as intimately related. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Hope, Douglas A.] US Air Force Acad, Ctr Space Situat Awareness Res, Colorado Springs, CO 80848 USA. [Jefferies, Stuart M.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Jefferies, Stuart M.; Hart, Michael] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 34 Ohia Ku St, Pukalani, HI 96768 USA. [Jefferies, Stuart M.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hart, Michael] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, 1630 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Nagy, James G.] Emory Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Hope, DA (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Ctr Space Situat Awareness Res, Colorado Springs, CO 80848 USA. EM Douglas.Hope@usafa.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-0216, FA9550-14-1-0178] FX We thank Sergei Vorontsov for discussions about this work, and our anonymous referees for useful suggestions to improve an earlier version of this paper. The Air Force Office of Scientific Research funded this work through contracts FA9550-09-0216 and FA9550-14-1-0178. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 30 PY 2016 VL 24 IS 11 BP 2116 EP 2129 DI 10.1364/OE.24.012116 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA DO0KM UT WOS:000377467800074 PM 27410132 ER PT J AU Wiens, JP Shuman, NS Miller, TM Viggiano, AA AF Wiens, Justin P. Shuman, Nicholas S. Miller, Thomas M. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Mutual neutralization of He+ with the anions Cl-, Br-, I-, and SF6- SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-ION RECOMBINATION; FLOWING AFTERGLOW; CROSS-SECTIONS; KINETICS; RATES; AR+ AB Mutual neutralization (MN) rate coefficients k(MN) for He+ with the anions Cl-, Br-, I-, and SF6- are reported from 300 to 500 K. The measured rate coefficients may contain a contribution from transfer ionization, i.e., double ionization of the anion. The large rate coefficient for He+ + SF6- (2.4 x 10(-7) cm(3) s(-1) at 300 K) is consistent with earlier polyatomic MN results found to have a reduced mass dependence of mu(-1/2). Neutralization of He+ by the atomic halides follows the trend observed earlier for Ne+, Ar+, Kr+, and Xe+ neutralized by atomic halides, k(MN) (Cl-) < k(MN) (Br-) < k(MN) (I-). Only an upper limit could be measured for the neutralization of He+ by Cl-. Predictions of the rate coefficients from a previously proposed simple model of atomic-atomic MN results are consistent with the present He+-halide rate coefficients. The temperature dependences are modestly negative for Br- and I-, while that for SF6- is small or negligible. C1 [Wiens, Justin P.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM albert.viggiano@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College [FA9453-10-C-0206] FX The work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant No. AFOSR-2303EP). J.P.W. and T.M.M. acknowledge the support from the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College under Contract No. FA9453-10-C-0206. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 28 PY 2016 VL 144 IS 20 AR 204309 DI 10.1063/1.4948637 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DO3WI UT WOS:000377712700038 PM 27250308 ER PT J AU Weinzierl, M Yeates, AR Mackay, DH Henney, CJ Arge, CN AF Weinzierl, Marion Yeates, Anthony R. Mackay, Duncan H. Henney, Carl J. Arge, C. Nick TI A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR THE PHOTOSPHERIC DRIVING OF NON-POTENTIAL SOLAR CORONAL MAGNETIC FIELD SIMULATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: magnetic fields ID ESTIMATING ELECTRIC-FIELDS; FLUX TRANSPORT MODEL; LARGE-SCALE CORONA; HELICITY CONDENSATION; DOPPLER MEASUREMENTS; HEMISPHERIC PATTERN; EVOLUTION; CHIRALITY; MAGNETOGRAMS; FILAMENTS AB In this paper, we develop a new technique for driving global non-potential simulations of the Sun's coronal magnetic field solely from sequences of radial magnetic maps of the solar photosphere. A primary challenge to driving such global simulations is that the required horizontal electric field cannot be uniquely determined from such maps. We show that an "inductive" electric field solution similar to that used by previous authors successfully reproduces specific features of the coronal field evolution in both single and multiple bipole simulations. For these cases, the true solution is known because the electric field was generated from a surface flux-transport model. The match for these cases is further improved by including the non-inductive electric field contribution from surface differential rotation. Then, using this reconstruction method for the electric field, we show that a coronal non-potential simulation can be successfully driven from a sequence of ADAPT maps of the photospheric radial field, without including additional physical observations which are not routinely available. C1 [Weinzierl, Marion; Yeates, Anthony R.] Univ Durham, Dept Math Sci, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Mackay, Duncan H.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Henney, Carl J.; Arge, C. Nick] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Weinzierl, M (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Math Sci, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM marion.weinzierl@durham.ac.uk OI Weinzierl, Marion/0000-0002-2302-5476 FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) in the AFOSR Basic Research Initiative; Leverhulme Trust; UK STFC; AFRL; AFOSR FX This work is supported by a grant from the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) in the AFOSR Basic Research Initiative "Understanding the Interaction of CMEs with the Solar-Terrestrial Environment." D.H.M. would like to thank the Leverhulme Trust and the UK STFC for financial support.; The work utilizes data produced collaboratively between Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the National Solar Observatory (NSO). The ADAPT model development is supported by AFRL and AFOSR. The input data utilized by ADAPT are obtained by NSO/NISP (NSO Integrated Synoptic Program). NSO is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation (NSF). NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2016 VL 823 IS 1 AR 55 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/823/1/55 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DN6WD UT WOS:000377216300055 ER PT J AU Nehmetallah, G Khoury, J Banerjee, PP AF Nehmetallah, G. Khoury, J. Banerjee, P. P. TI Photorefractive two-beam coupling joint transform correlator: modeling and performance evaluation SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC DISCRIMINANT FUNCTIONS; PHASE-ONLY FILTERS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; INCOHERENT-ERASURE; TARGET RECOGNITION; POLYMERS; FIELDS AB The photorefractive two-beam coupling joint transform correlator combines two features. The first is embedded semi-adaptive optimality, which weighs the correlation against clutter and noise in the input, and the second is the intrinsic dynamic range compression nonlinearity, which improves several metrics simultaneously without metric trade-off. Although the two beam coupling correlator was invented many years ago, its outstanding performance was recognized on only relatively simple images. There was no study about the performance of this correlator on complicated images and using different figures of merit. In this paper, the study is extended to more complicated images. For the first time, to our knowledge, we demonstrate simultaneous improvement in metrics performance without metric trade-off. The performance was evaluated compared to the classical joint transform correlator. A typical experimental result to validate the simulation results was also shown in this work. The best performing operation parameters were identified to guide the experimental work and for future comparison with other well-known optimal correlation filters. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Nehmetallah, G.] Catholic Univ Amer, EECS Dept, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Khoury, J.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Banerjee, P. P.] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Nehmetallah, G (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, EECS Dept, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM nehmetallah@cua.edu FU Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) [FA8650-13-C-1529, FA8650-13-C-1531] FX Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) (FA8650-13-C-1529, FA8650-13-C-1531). NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 20 PY 2016 VL 55 IS 15 BP 4011 EP 4023 DI 10.1364/AO.55.004011 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA DM5IS UT WOS:000376382300017 PM 27411127 ER PT J AU Hartl, DJ Frank, GJ Baur, JW AF Hartl, Darren J. Frank, Geoffrey J. Baur, Jeffery W. TI Effects of microchannels on the mechanical performance of multifunctional composite laminates with unidirectional laminae SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Composites; Microvascular; Multifunctional; Damage; Design; Finite element method ID FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; MENDABLE COMPOSITES; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; FATIGUE FAILURE; DAMAGE; POLYMERS; TENSILE AB The development of multifunctional composite structures enabled by embedded microvascular networks offers the potential for significant increases in functionality. The addition of active thermal management capability, self-healing, or electromagnetic configurability to a structural composite is attractive. However, the tradeoffs between mechanical performance and extended functionalities remain relatively ill-quantified. Previous studies of the effects of embedded microchannels on structural capability have considered a small number of loading conditions and layups not typically used in aerospace structures. This computational work provides comprehensive structural design guidance by quantifying the negative mechanical effects of parallel and periodic microchannels in aerospace composites, where the results are synthesized from a comprehensive set of analyses performed via rigorous implementation of widely accepted modeling methods. The impacts of channel orientation, spacing, and channel cross-sectional aspect ratio are all quantified for laminate sequences typical of those used in aerospace structures. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hartl, Darren J.; Baur, Jeffery W.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hartl, Darren J.] Univ Technol Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45424 USA. [Frank, Geoffrey J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Hartl, DJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM darren.hartl.ctr@us.af.mil FU Commander Research and Development Fund of the United States Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Commander Research and Development Fund of the United States Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 EI 1879-1085 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD MAY 20 PY 2016 VL 143 BP 242 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.01.106 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA DH3GK UT WOS:000372675300021 ER PT J AU Knauer, KM Jennings, AR Bristol, AN Iacono, ST Morgan, SE AF Knauer, Katrina M. Jennings, Abby R. Bristol, Ashleigh N. Iacono, Scott T. Morgan, Sarah E. TI Enhanced Surface Properties of Branched Poly(ether sulfone) from Semifluorinated Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsequioxanes SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE poly(ether sulfone); fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane; surface properties; neutron reflectivity; AFM ID CHAIN-END SEGREGATION; FACILE SYNTHESIS; FILMS; NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMER; POSS; OCTAFLUOROCYCLOPENTENE; SILSESQUIOXANES; NANOSTRUCTURES; COPOLYMERS AB Hybrid systems in which poly(ether sulfone) (PESU) chains are grafted to semifluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (FOSS) cores are expected to integrate the advantages of both fluoropolymers and FOSS into the polymer system to yield excellent surface properties. For that purpose, we synthesized a novel octa-functional perfluorocyclopentenyl-POSS (PFCP-FOSS), which was used as a "core" grafting point. Commercial PESU was successfully grafted to PFCP-POSS via the nucleophilic addition elimination reaction between the phenolic chain ends and reactive PFCP moieties to yield a hybrid branched polymer possessing a semifluorinated FOSS core. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, neutron reflectivity, and atomic force microscopy indicated that the preparation of nanostructured polymer surfaces occurs by, migration of the low surface energy components (PFCP-POSS molecules), while FOSS aggregation is suppressed by covalent attachment to the long PESU chains. The resulting PFCP-POSS modified PESU films were highly transparent and yielded hydrophobic surfaces with low surface energy and high modulus for potential applications in high performance coatings and composites. C1 [Knauer, Katrina M.; Bristol, Ashleigh N.; Morgan, Sarah E.] Univ So Mississippi, Sch Polymers & High Performance Mat, 118 Coll Dr 5050, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Jennings, Abby R.; Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, 2355 Fairchild Dr Suit 2N225, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Jennings, Abby R.; Iacono, Scott T.] Chem Res Ctr, 2355 Fairchild Dr Suit 2N225, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Morgan, SE (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Sch Polymers & High Performance Mat, 118 Coll Dr 5050, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM sarah.morgan@usm.edu FU Department of Education Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) Fellowship [P200A120118]; National Science Foundation's Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) [IIA1430364]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Research Laboratory; National Research Council (NRC) FX This work was supported primarily by the Department of Education Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) Fellowship Award #P200A120118. Partial funding was provided by the National Science Foundation's Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) under Cooperative Agreement No. IIA1430364, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Research Laboratory. We thank Solvay Specialty Polymers for donation of materials and useful discussion. Special thanks should also be given to Oak Ridge National Laboratories (ORNL) and Dr. John Ankner and Candice Halbert for their exceptional assistance with NR instrumentation and data analysis. We also thank the University of Alabama and Rob Holler for their assistance with XPS instrumentation and Jessica Douglas for her assistance with SEM and EDAX analysis. A.R.J. was supported through the National Research Council (NRC) Post-Doctoral Research Associate Program. 29Si NMR was kindly provided by Prof. David Y. Son at Southern Methodist University. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 17 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD MAY 18 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 19 BP 12434 EP 12444 DI 10.1021/acsami.6b01936 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DM4QC UT WOS:000376330800061 PM 27096284 ER PT J AU Brawley, KK Davis, TA AF Brawley, Kayla K. Davis, Todd A. TI Lewis base catalyzed trialkylsilylcyanide additions to cyclic 2-fluoroketones: nucleophile directed access to both cis- and trans-stereoisomers SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Fluorine; Lewis base catalysis; Stereoselective synthesis ID ASYMMETRIC CYANOSILYLATION; ALPHA-FLUORINATION; STRECKER REACTION; MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY; BETA-FLUOROAMINES; KETONES; ALDEHYDES; BOND; SILYLATION; FLUOROKETONES AB An efficient method for the Lewis base-catalyzed addition of trialkylorganosilanes (TMSCN & TBSCN) to cyclic 2-fluoroketones has been developed producing the TMS- or TBS-protected cyanohydrins in good yields and diastereoselectivity. The Lewis base, solvent, and trialkylorganosilane have a dramatic effect on the reaction time and stereoselectivity for these reactions. TMSCN reacted the fastest using DIPEA as the Lewis base, and favored the cis product (up to 22:1), whereas methoxide-catalyzed reactions with TBSCN yielded the trans stereoisomer (up to 18:1). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Brawley, Kayla K.; Davis, Todd A.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Chem, Campus Box 8023, Pocatello, ID 83201 USA. [Davis, Todd A.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Chem, Campus Box 8023, Pocatello, ID 83201 USA.; Davis, TA (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM todd.davis@usafa.edu FU Petroleum Research Fund of the American Chemical Society [51369-UR1]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This project was supported by the Petroleum Research Fund of the American Chemical Society (PRF# 51369-UR1) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Authors would like to acknowledge Dr's Karl De Jesus, Abby Jennings, and Timm Knoerzer for insightful comments. This manuscript is dedicated to the memory of Professor Dennis P. Strommen (Idaho State University), a true undergraduate mentor and friend. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD MAY 18 PY 2016 VL 57 IS 20 BP 2161 EP 2164 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.03.112 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA DL6GR UT WOS:000375738200006 ER PT J AU Bannow, LC Rubel, O Badescu, SC Rosenow, P Hader, J Moloney, JV Tonner, R Koch, SW AF Bannow, Lars C. Rubel, Oleg Badescu, Stefan C. Rosenow, Phil Hader, Jorg Moloney, Jerome V. Tonner, Ralf Koch, Stephan W. TI Configuration dependence of band-gap narrowing and localization in dilute GaAs1-xBix alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; QUASI-RANDOM STRUCTURES; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BEAM EPITAXY; LASER-DIODES; BASIS-SET; SEMICONDUCTORS; POINTS AB Anion substitution with bismuth (Bi) in III-V semiconductors is an effective method for experimental engineering of the band gap E-g at low Bi concentrations (<= 2%), in particular in gallium arsenide (GaAs). The inverse Bi-concentration dependence of E-g has been found to be linear at low concentrations x and dominated by a valence band defect level anticrossing between As and Bi occupied p levels. Predictive models for the valence band hybridization require a first-principle understanding which can be obtained by density functional theory with the main challenges being the proper description of E-g and the spin-orbit coupling. By using an efficient method to include these effects, it is shown here that at high concentrations E-g is modified mainly by a Bi-Bi p orbital interaction and by the large Bi atom-induced strain. In particular, we find that at high concentrations, the Bi-Bi interactions depend strongly on model periodic cluster configurations, which are not captured by tight-binding models. Averaging over various configurations supports the defect level broadening picture. This points to the role of different atomic configurations obtained by varying the experimental growth conditions in engineering arsenide band gaps, in particular for telecommunication laser technology. C1 [Bannow, Lars C.; Koch, Stephan W.] Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Bannow, Lars C.; Koch, Stephan W.] Univ Marburg, Ctr Mat Sci, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Rubel, Oleg] McMaster Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. [Badescu, Stefan C.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rosenow, Phil; Tonner, Ralf] Univ Marburg, Dept Chem, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Hader, Jorg; Moloney, Jerome V.] NLCSTR Inc, 7040 N Montecatina Dr, Tucson, AZ 85704 USA. RP Bannow, LC (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.; Bannow, LC (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Ctr Mat Sci, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. EM lars.bannow@physik.uni-marburg.de RI Tonner, Ralf/A-7420-2008; OI Tonner, Ralf/0000-0002-6759-8559; Bannow, Lars/0000-0002-1379-6242 FU DFG [GRK 1782]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN-2015-04518]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the STTR Phase II Grant [FA9550-16-C-0021]; AFOSR; High Performance Computing network of the Department of Defense FX The Marburg part of the work was funded by the DFG via the GRK 1782 "Functionalization of Semiconductors"; computing time from HRZ Marburg, CSC Frankfurt, and HLRS Stuttgart is acknowledged. O.R. would like to acknowledge funding provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada under the Discovery Grant Program No. RGPIN-2015-04518. The work at NLCSTR was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the STTR Phase II Grant No. FA9550-16-C-0021. The work of S.C.B. was supported by the AFOSR and by the High Performance Computing network of the Department of Defense. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 16 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 20 AR 205202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.205202 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DM3ML UT WOS:000376250400008 ER PT J AU Matters, DA Lerch, AG Hurst, AM Szentmiklosi, L Carroll, JJ Detwiler, B Revay, Z McClory, JW McHale, SR Firestone, RB Sleaford, BW Krticka, M Belgya, T AF Matters, D. A. Lerch, A. G. Hurst, A. M. Szentmiklosi, L. Carroll, J. J. Detwiler, B. Revay, Zs. McClory, J. W. McHale, S. R. Firestone, R. B. Sleaford, B. W. Krticka, M. Belgya, T. TI Investigation of Re-186 via radiative thermal-neutron capture on Re-185 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID GAMMA ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; BUDAPEST RESEARCH REACTOR; CROSS-SECTIONS; NUCLEAR-DATA; RESONANCES; STRENGTH; STANDARDIZATION; WIDTHS; PGAA AB Partial gamma-ray production cross sections and the total radiative thermal-neutron capture cross section for the Re-185(n,gamma) Re-186 reaction were measured using the Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis facility at the Budapest Research Reactor with an enriched Re-185 target. The Re-186 cross sections were standardized using well-known Cl-35(n,gamma) Cl-36 cross sections from irradiation of a stoichiometric (ReCl3)-Re-nat target. The resulting cross sections for transitions feeding the Re-186 ground state from low-lying levels below a cutoff energy of E-c = 746 keV were combined with a modeled probability of ground-state feeding from levels above E-c to arrive at a total cross section of sigma(0) = 111(6) b for radiative thermal-neutron capture on Re-185. A comparison of modeled discrete-level populations with measured transition intensities led to proposed revisions for seven tentative spin-parity assignments in the adopted level scheme for Re-186. Additionally, 102 primary gamma rays were measured, including 50 previously unknown. A neutron-separation energy of S-n = 6179.59(5) keV was determined from a global least-squares fit of the measured gamma-ray energies to the known Re-186 decay scheme. The total capture cross section and separation energy results are comparable to earlier measurements of these values. C1 [Matters, D. A.; McClory, J. W.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lerch, A. G.; McHale, S. R.] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. [Hurst, A. M.; Firestone, R. B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hurst, A. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Szentmiklosi, L.; Belgya, T.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Ctr Energy Res, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. [Carroll, J. J.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Detwiler, B.] Youngstown State Univ, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. [Revay, Zs.] Tech Univ Munich, Heinz Maier Leibnitz Zentrum MLZ 7, Garching, Germany. [Sleaford, B. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Krticka, M.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, CZ-18000 Prague, Czech Republic. RP Matters, DA (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.a.matters.mil@mail.mil RI Szentmiklosi, Laszlo/F-5362-2015 OI Szentmiklosi, Laszlo/0000-0001-7747-8545 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency Grant [HDTRA1-08-1-0014]; University of California - Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Domestic Nuclear Detection Office of the Department of Homeland Security; NAP VENEUS08 grant [OMFB-00184/2006]; Czech Science Foundation [13-07117S] FX This work was initiated under Defense Threat Reduction Agency Grant No. HDTRA1-08-1-0014 (YSU). Later work was performed under the auspices of the University of California, supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. Additional funding was provided by the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office of the Department of Homeland Security. Access to the Budapest PGAA facility was financially supported by the NAP VENEUS08 grant under Contract No. OMFB-00184/2006. This work was also supported by the Czech Science Foundation under Grant No. 13-07117S. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the operations staff at the Budapest Research Reactor. D.M. thanks Dr. C.J. Chiara for help reviewing the manuscript. NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY 16 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 5 AR 054319 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.93.054319 PG 19 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA DM3NN UT WOS:000376253300001 ER PT J AU Jiang, NB Halls, BR Stauffer, HU Danehy, PM Gord, JR Roy, S AF Jiang, Naibo Halls, Benjamin R. Stauffer, Hans U. Danehy, Paul M. Gord, James R. Roy, Sukesh TI Selective two-photon absorptive resonance femtosecond-laser electronic-excitation tagging velocimetry SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; VELOCITY-MEASUREMENTS; FLOWS; AIR AB Selective two-photon absorptive resonance femtosecond-laser electronic-excitation tagging (STARFLEET), a nonseeded ultrafast-laser-based velocimetry technique, is demonstrated in reactive and nonreactive flows. STARFLEET is pumped via a two-photon resonance in N-2 using 202.25 nm 100 fs light. STARFLEET greatly reduces the per-pulse energy required (30 mu J/pulse) to generate the signature FLEET emission compared to the conventional FLEET technique (1.1 mJ/pulse). This reduction in laser energy results in less energy deposited in the flow, which allows for reduced flow perturbations (reactive and nonreactive), increased thermometric accuracy, and less severe damage to materials. Velocity measurements conducted in a free jet of N-2 and in a premixed flame show good agreement with theoretical velocities, and further demonstrate the significantly less intrusive nature of STARFLEET. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Jiang, Naibo; Stauffer, Hans U.; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Halls, Benjamin R.; Gord, James R.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Danehy, Paul M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Adv Measurements & Data Syst Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Jiang, NB (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM naiboj@yahoo.com FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX14CL74P, NNX15CL24C]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [14RQ06COR, 15RQCOR202] FX National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (NNX14CL74P, NNX15CL24C); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (14RQ06COR, 15RQCOR202). NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 10 BP 2225 EP 2228 DI 10.1364/OL.41.002225 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA DL6KH UT WOS:000375747600024 PM 27176968 ER PT J AU Hameed, JM McCaffrey, RL McCoy, A Brannock, T Martin, GJ Scouten, WT Brooks, K Putnam, SD Riddle, MS AF Hameed, Jessica M. McCaffrey, Ramona L. McCoy, Andrea Brannock, Tracy Martin, Gregory J. Scouten, William T. Brooks, Krista Putnam, Shannon D. Riddle, Mark S. TI Incidence, Etiology and Risk Factors for Travelers' Diarrhea during a Hospital Ship-Based Military Humanitarian Mission: Continuing Promise 2011 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES-NAVY; US MILITARY; CRUISE SHIP; PERSONNEL; DISEASE; DEPLOYMENT; IDENTIFICATION; PREVENTION; INFECTION; OUTBREAKS AB Travelers' diarrhea (TD) is the most common ailment affecting travelers, including deployed U.S. military. Continuing Promise 2011 was a 5-month humanitarian assistance/disaster response (HA/DR) military and non-governmental organization training mission aboard the hospital ship USNS Comfort, which deployed to Central and South America and the Caribbean between April and September 2011. Enhanced TD surveillance was undertaken during this mission for public health purposes. Passive surveillance (clinic visits), active surveillance (self-reported questionnaires), and stool samples were collected weekly from shipboard personnel. Descriptive statistics and multivariate-logistic regression methods were used to estimate disease burden and risk factor identification. Two polymerase chain reaction methods on frozen stool were used for microbiological identification. TD was the primary complaint for all clinic visits (20%) and the leading cause of lost duties days due to bed rest confinement (62%), though underreported, as the active self-reported incidence was 3.5 times higher than the passive clinic-reported incidence. Vomiting (p = 0.002), feeling lightheaded or weak (p = 0.005), and being a food handler (p = 0.017) were associated with increased odds of lost duty days. Thirty-eight percent of self-reported cases reported some amount of performance impact. Based on the epidemiological curve, country of exercise and liberty appeared to be temporally associated with increased risk. From the weekly self-reported questionnaire risk factor analysis, eating off ship in the prior week was strongly associated (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.4, p<0.001). Consumption of seafood increased risk (aOR 1.7, p = 0.03), though consumption of ice appeared protective (aOR 0.3, p = 0.01). Etiology was bacterial (48%), with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli as the predominant pathogen (35%). Norovirus was identified as a sole pathogen in 12%, though found as a copathogen in an additional 6%. Despite employment of current and targeted preventive interventions, ship-board HA/DR missions may experience a significant risk for TD among deployed US military personnel and potentially impact mission success. C1 [Hameed, Jessica M.; Riddle, Mark S.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biostat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [McCaffrey, Ramona L.; Brooks, Krista; Putnam, Shannon D.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Operat Infect Dis Dept, Enter Dis Surveillance Program, San Diego, CA USA. [McCoy, Andrea; Riddle, Mark S.] Naval Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Infect Dis Directorate, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Brannock, Tracy] Air Force Global Strike Command, Barksdale AFB, LA USA. [Martin, Gregory J.] Dept State, Washington, DC USA. [Scouten, William T.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Putnam, Shannon D.] Yayasan Int Hlth Dev Fdn, Bali, Indonesia. RP Riddle, MS (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biostat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA.; Riddle, MS (reprint author), Naval Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Infect Dis Directorate, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM mark.s.riddle10.mil@mail.mil FU Department of Defense Global Emerging Surveillance and Response Systems [P0298_13_NM] FX This work was completed as part of official duties while on mission aboard the USNS Comfort during Continuing Promise 2011. Microbiological assessment was supported by the Department of Defense Global Emerging Surveillance and Response Systems under Project No. P0298_13_NM. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 12 PY 2016 VL 11 IS 5 AR e0154830 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0154830 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DM8CQ UT WOS:000376588600071 PM 27171433 ER PT J AU Howland, GA Knarr, SH Schneeloch, J Lum, DJ Howell, JC AF Howland, Gregory A. Knarr, Samuel H. Schneeloch, James Lum, Daniel J. Howell, John C. TI Compressively Characterizing High-Dimensional Entangled States with Complementary, Random Filtering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW X LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; INFORMATION AB The resources needed to conventionally characterize a quantum system are overwhelmingly large for high-dimensional systems. This obstacle may be overcome by abandoning traditional cornerstones of quantum measurement, such as general quantum states, strong projective measurement, and assumption-free characterization. Following this reasoning, we demonstrate an efficient technique for characterizing high-dimensional, spatial entanglement with one set of measurements. We recover sharp distributions with local, random filtering of the same ensemble in momentum followed by position-something the uncertainty principle forbids for projective measurements. Exploiting the expectation that entangled signals are highly correlated, we use fewer than 5000 measurements to characterize a 65,536-dimensional state. Finally, we use entropic inequalities to witness entanglement without a density matrix. Our method represents the sea change unfolding in quantum measurement, where methods influenced by the information theory and signal-processing communities replace unscalable, brute-force techniques-a progression previously followed by classical sensing. C1 [Howland, Gregory A.; Knarr, Samuel H.; Schneeloch, James; Lum, Daniel J.; Howell, John C.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, 500 Wilson Blvd, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Howland, Gregory A.; Schneeloch, James] Air Force Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Howland, GA (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, 500 Wilson Blvd, Rochester, NY 14627 USA.; Howland, GA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM gregory.howland.3@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-13-1-0019, AFOSR LRIR 14RI02COR]; National Research Council Research Associate Programs; Northrup Grumman FX This work was funded by Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Grant No. FA9550-13-1-0019 and AFOSR LRIR 14RI02COR. G. A. H. and J. S. acknowledge support from National Research Council Research Associate Programs. J. C. H. acknowledges support from Northrup Grumman. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of AFRL. G. A. H. conceived of the experiment and authored the manuscript with help from S. H. K., D. J. L., and J. S. S. H. K. and G. A. H. performed the experiment and analyzed the data. J. S. provided the theory on entanglement witnesses and Fourier transforms of random patterns. D. J. L. devised the scheme for using Hadamard matrices in the measurement and reconstruction process. The entire project was overseen by J. C. H. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2160-3308 J9 PHYS REV X JI Phys. Rev. X PD MAY 12 PY 2016 VL 6 IS 2 AR 021018 DI 10.1103/PhysRevX.6.021018 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DM0CU UT WOS:000376011100001 ER PT J AU Wang, JS Wai, CM Brown, GJ Apt, SD AF Wang, Joanna S. Wai, Chien M. Brown, Gail J. Apt, Scott D. TI Two-Dimensional Nanoparticle Cluster Formation in Supercritical Fluid CO2 SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ORDERED ARRAYS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; NANOSTRUCTURES; DEPOSITION; TRANSITION; MONOLAYERS; DEVICES; FILMS; SIZE AB Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) is capable of depositing nanoparticles in small structures of silicon, substrates because of its gas-like penetration, liquid-like solvation abilities, and near-zero surface tension. In nanometer-sized shallow wells on silicon-surface, formation of two-dimensional (2D) monolayer metal nanoparticle (NP) clusters can be achieved using the sc-CO2 deposition method. Nanoparticles tend to fill nanostructured holes first, and then, if sufficient nanoparticles are available, they will continue to cover the flat areas nearby, unless defects or other surface imperfections are available. In addition, SEM-images of two-dimensional gold (Au) nanoparticle clusters formed on a flat silicon surface with two to a dozen or more of the nanoparticles are provided to illustrate the patterns of nanoparticle cluster formation in sc-CO2. C1 [Wang, Joanna S.; Brown, Gail J.; Apt, Scott D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wai, Chien M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Renfrew Hall, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Wang, JS (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM joanna.wang.ctr@us.af.mil FU Air Force TOPS IV contract program [FA8650-11-D-5800] FX This work is supported by Air Force TOPS IV contract program (FA8650-11-D-5800). NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 10 PY 2016 VL 32 IS 18 BP 4635 EP 4642 DI 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01011 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA DL7GN UT WOS:000375809100028 PM 27088712 ER PT J AU Wang, DH McKenzie, RN Buskohl, PR Vaia, RA Tan, LS AF Wang, David H. McKenzie, Ruel N. Buskohl, Philip R. Vaia, Richard A. Tan, Loon-Seng TI Hygromorphic Polymers: Synthesis, Retro-Michael Reaction, and Humidity-Driven Actuation of Ester-Sulfonyl Polyimides and Thermally Derived Copolyimides SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID AZOBENZENE-FUNCTIONALIZED POLYIMIDES; LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYMER; PHOTOMECHANICAL RESPONSE; POLYPYRROLE FILMS; SIDE-GROUPS; AROMATIC POLYIMIDES; DIMETHYL SULFONE; WATER SORPTION; BEHAVIOR; GLASSY AB With a view toward broadening the adaptive capability of polyimide-based systems that have been shown to be mechanically responsive to light, heat, and thermal-electrical stimuli, a simple diamine containing a highly polar ester-sulfonyl (ES) pendant was synthesized via a two-step route. It was polymerized with five common dianhydrides in N-methylpyrrolidinone to afford poly(amic acid), PAA, solutions, which were subsequently converted to a series of amorphous polyimides containing ester-sulfonyl (-CH2CH2SO2Me) pendants, generically designated as PI-ES, by either chemical imidization at room temperature in the same pot or heat treatment of PAA cast film at 175 degrees C. The chemically imidized polyimide films are tough and creasable, but the thermally imidized ones are brittle because.of much lower molecular weights (GPC results). In addition) a series of thermally derived copolymers designated as PI-ES:A, which contains ES and carboxylic acid (A) pendants, were prepared from PI-ES via a retro-Michael reaction at 250 degrees C, in which A was formed from ES pendant with the concomitant expulsion of vinyl methyl sulfone molecule. For various comparison purposes, the homopolymers, PI-A containing 100% A pendant and nonfunctional PI-N (i.e., without any stimuli-responders), were also prepared from their respective dianhydrido and diamino monomers. In addition to physical/mechanical characterization by FTIR, thermal analysis, WAXD, and DMA, the thin films of PI-ES, PI-A, and PI-ES:A have shown remarkable locomotion and beam-like oscillation under gradient (nonequilibrium) conditions created by humidity (or methanol vapor) while the PI-N, Ultem, and Nafion films were nonresponsive under the same conditions. While the state-of-the-art humidity-driven actuators have illustrated the innovative bilayer designs and clever utilization of responsive polymeric and nanocomposite systems, in which ionic moieties play the critical role in hosting the water molecules, this work shows that a simple, wholly covalent, and amorphous polymer in monolithic form can be hygromorphic and motile, and specifically this newly found humidity-gradient responsivity would enhance the functional versatility of polyimides. C1 [Wang, David H.; McKenzie, Ruel N.; Buskohl, Philip R.; Vaia, Richard A.; Tan, Loon-Seng] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Funct Mat Div AFRL RXA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McKenzie, Ruel N.] Natl Res Council Fellowship Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Tan, LS (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Funct Mat Div AFRL RXA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM loon.tan@us.af.mil RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (RX); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This work was completed at Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base with funding support from Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (RX) and Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). We are grateful to Prof. Lei Zhu (Case Western Reserve University) for helpful discussions on the chemistry and dielectric properties of methyl sulfone-containing polymers. NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 20 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 10 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 9 BP 3286 EP 3299 DI 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00250 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DL7GT UT WOS:000375809700009 ER PT J AU Putnam, SA Fairchild, SB Arends, AA Urbas, AM AF Putnam, Shawn A. Fairchild, Steven B. Arends, Armando A. Urbas, Augustine M. TI All-optical beam deflection method for simultaneous thermal conductivity and thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) measurements SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; LENS; GLASSES; LIGHT; TIME AB This work describes an all-optical beam deflection method to simultaneously measure the thermal conductivity (Lambda) and thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) of materials that are absorbing at lambda = 10.6 mu m and are transparent to semi-transparent at lambda = 632.8 nm. The technique is based on the principle of measuring the beam deflection of a probe beam (632.8 nm) in the frequency-domain due to a spatially and temporally varying index gradient that is thermally induced by 50: 50 split pump beam from a CO2 laser (10.6 mu m). The technique and analysis methods are validated with measurements of 10 different optical materials having K and dn/dT properties ranging between 0.7W/m K <= K <= 33.5W/m K and -12 x 10(-6) K-1 less than or similar to dn/dT less than or similar to 14 x 10(-6) K-1, respectively. The described beam deflection technique is highly related to other well-established, all-optical materials characterization methods, namely, thermal lensing and photothermal deflection spectroscopy. Likewise, due to its all-optical, pump-probe nature, it is applicable to materials characterization in extreme environments with minimal errors due to black-body radiation. In addition, the measurement principle can be extended over a broad range of electromagnetic wavelengths (e.g., ultraviolet to THz) provided the required sources, detectors, and focusing elements are available. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Putnam, Shawn A.; Arends, Armando A.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Fairchild, Steven B.; Urbas, Augustine M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Putnam, SA (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported by the 2015 U.S. Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 7 PY 2016 VL 119 IS 17 AR 173102 DI 10.1063/1.4948429 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DO3XS UT WOS:000377716500002 ER PT J AU Ilyas, N Butcher, DP Durstock, MF Tabor, CE AF Ilyas, Nahid Butcher, Dennis P. Durstock, Michael F. Tabor, Christopher E. TI Ion Exchange Membranes as an Interfacial Medium to Facilitate Gallium Liquid Metal Alloy Mobility SO ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; EUTECTIC ALLOY; X-RAY; SURFACES; ANTENNAS; INDIUM; MICROFLUIDICS; WATER; OXIDE AB Liquid metal electronics represent a groundbreaking advancement in electronic reconfigurability. Replacing mercury with nontoxic gallium liquid metal alloys (GaLMAs) will provide a significant improvement toward this paradigm; however, the metallic residues left behind on surfaces that contact GaLMAs have prevented their broad application to date. This report describes a novel method to control the wetting characteristics of GaLMAs by utilizing an ion exchange membrane (IEM) as an interface material that gradually releases minute concentrations of HCl vapor which reacts with the GaLMA surface and thus prevents residue formation. A common IEM, Nafion, is shown to behave both as an effective HCl transport medium and as a source for HCl vapor, and the chemical and phenomenological interactions of Nafi on and HCl with GaLMA fluids are characterized. Additionally, an application of Nafi on toward GaLMA microfluidics is demonstrated by integrating commercially available extruded Nafi on tubes and by utilizing a solution suspension of Nafi on to coat an arbitrary silicone-based microfluidic matrix material. Both methods proved effective in generating a reversible flow system that remained residue free for extended periods of time, which can be regenerated without the use of concentrated acidic solutions. C1 [Ilyas, Nahid; Durstock, Michael F.; Tabor, Christopher E.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ilyas, Nahid] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Butcher, Dennis P.] Air Force Off Sci Res, Int Off, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Tabor, CE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.tabor.1@us.af.mil NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2196-7350 J9 ADV MATER INTERFACES JI Adv. Mater. Interfaces PD MAY 6 PY 2016 VL 3 IS 9 AR 1500665 DI 10.1002/admi.201500665 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA DQ0JN UT WOS:000378885300003 ER PT J AU Akdim, B Pachter, R Mou, S AF Akdim, Brahim Pachter, Ruth Mou, Shin TI Theoretical analysis of the combined effects of sulfur vacancies and analyte adsorption on the electronic properties of single-layer MoS2 SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE single-layer defective MoS2; density functional theory; non-equilibrium Green's function formalism; electron transport; simulated scanning tunneling microscopy ID TRANSITION-METAL DICHALCOGENIDES; MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE; 2-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS; OPTICAL-SPECTRA; MONOLAYER MOS2; NATURAL MOS2; SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSISTORS; GRAPHENE; DEFECTS AB We report a first-principles theoretical investigation on the electronic structure and electron transport of defective single-layer (SL) MoS2, as well as of corresponding structures adsorbed with benzyl viologen (BV), which was shown to provide improved performance of a field effect transistor. O-2 adsorption was included to gain an understanding of the response upon air-exposure. Following analysis of the structure and stability of sulfur single vacancy and line defects in SL MoS2, we investigated the local transport at the adsorbed sites via a transport model that mimics a scanning tunneling spectroscopy experiment. Distinct current-voltage characteristics were indicated for adsorbed oxygen species at a sulfur vacancy. The electronic structures of defective MoS2 indicated the emergence of impurity states in the bandgap due to sulfur defects and oxygen adsorption. Electron transport calculations for the MoS2 surface with an extended defect in a device setting demonstrated that physisorption of BV enhances the output current, while facile chemisorption by O-2 upon air-exposure causes degradation of electron transport. C1 [Akdim, Brahim; Pachter, Ruth; Mou, Shin] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Akdim, Brahim] Gen Dynam Informat Technol Inc, 500 Springfield Pike, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Akdim, B; Pachter, R (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Akdim, B (reprint author), Gen Dynam Informat Technol Inc, 500 Springfield Pike, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM brahim.akdim.ctr@us.af.mil; ruth.pachter@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We gratefully acknowledge support by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and computational resources and helpful assistance provided by the AFRL DSRC. NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 27 U2 118 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD MAY 6 PY 2016 VL 27 IS 18 AR 185701 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/27/18/185701 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DH5AU UT WOS:000372798100020 PM 26999310 ER PT J AU Konkova, T Mironov, S Korznikov, A Korznikova, G Myshlyaev, MM Semiatin, SL AF Konkova, Tatyana Mironov, Sergey Korznikov, Alexander Korznikova, Galia Myshlyaev, Mikhail M. Semiatin, S. Lee TI Grain growth during annealing of cryogenically-rolled Cu-30Zn brass SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Metal and alloys; Scanning electron microscopy; Metallography; Microstructure; Grain boundaries ID MG-SI ALLOY; ALPHA-BRASS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; COPPER; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; CU; NANOSTRUCTURE AB The grain-growth behavior of cryogenically-rolled Cu-30Zn brass during isothermal annealing at 900 degrees C was examined. The observed microstructure coarsening was interpreted in terms of normal grain growth with a grain-growth exponent of similar to 4. The relatively slow grain-growth kinetics was attributed to the formation of precipitates at the grain boundaries and the interaction of texture and grain growth. The development of a moderate-strength {110} alpha fiber texture (similar to 4 times random) as well as the presence of a limited number of twin variants within the grains suggested the occurrence of variant selection during annealing. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Konkova, Tatyana; Mironov, Sergey; Korznikov, Alexander; Korznikova, Galia] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Superplast Problems, 39 Khalturin Str, Ufa 450001, Russia. [Konkova, Tatyana] Univ Strathclyde, Adv Forming Res Ctr, 85 Inchinnan Dr, Inchinnan PA4 9LJ, Scotland. [Mironov, Sergey] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Proc, 6-6-02 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Korznikov, Alexander] Natl Res Tomsk State Univ, 36 Lenina Av, Tomsk 634050, Russia. [Myshlyaev, Mikhail M.] Russian Acad Sci, Baikov Inst Met & Mat Sci, 49 Lenin Av, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Myshlyaev, Mikhail M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, 2 Acad Osypian Str, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Oblast, Russia. [Semiatin, S. Lee] AFRL RXCM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mironov, S (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Proc, 6-6-02 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. EM smironov@material.tohoku.ac.jp RI Korznikov, Alexander/F-1473-2014; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU Russian Fund for Fundamental Research [14-02-97004] FX Financial support from the Russian Fund for Fundamental Research (project No. 14-02-97004) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are grateful to P. Klassman for technical assistance in performing the cryogenic-rolling experiments. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 EI 1873-4669 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAY 5 PY 2016 VL 666 BP 170 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.01.097 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DD0AD UT WOS:000369581800024 ER PT J AU Rhodes, RP Moeller, TM Conner, MS AF Rhodes, R. P. Moeller, T. M. Conner, M. S. TI Heat Transfer to Truncated Cylinder in Cross-flow SO EXPERIMENTAL HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE heat transfer; convection; forced convection AB The objective of this work is to provide a correlation between the heat transfer coefficient and the Nusselt Number with the flow Reynolds number for a truncated cylindrical probe in cross-flow, a configuration that has not previously been well defined. In the experiment, thermally stabilized, dry air was discharged into the test section across a heated probe that was instrumented with thermocouples and exhausted to atmosphere. Experimental data were recorded for several run conditions. A correlation between the probe heat transfer coefficient and the Reynolds number was developed with a calculated uncertainty of 1.24%. C1 [Rhodes, R. P.; Moeller, T. M.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. [Conner, M. S.] AEDC TSTY, Arnold Engn Dev Complex, Arnold Afb, TN USA. RP Moeller, TM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, 411 BH Goethert Pkwy,Mail Stop 24, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. EM tmoeller@utsi.edu FU United States Air Force [FA9101-06-D-0001/0016] FX This work was partially funded by United States Air Force under contract FA9101-06-D-0001/0016. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0891-6152 EI 1521-0480 J9 EXP HEAT TRANSFER JI Exp. Heat Transf. PD MAY 3 PY 2016 VL 29 IS 3 BP 392 EP 413 DI 10.1080/08916152.2015.1012569 PG 22 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA DI8VX UT WOS:000373781500007 ER PT J AU Soderlund, LL McKenna, EA Tastad, K Paul, M AF Soderlund, Laurel Lloyd McKenna, Elizabeth A. Tastad, Katie Paul, Marika TI Prevalence of permanent threshold shifts in the United States Air Force hearing conservation program by career field, 2005-2011 SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE military; public health; hearing loss; Hearing conservation; occupational health; noise ID IMPAIRMENT; INDUSTRY AB The purpose of this study was to describe changes in hearing, using the permanent threshold shift metric, among United States Air Force servicemembers, including active duty, Reserve and Air National Guard components, for demographics, job categories, and career fields. In the United States Air Force, only servicemembers who are occupationally exposed routinely to hazardous noise are monitored. Audiogram records and demographic variables were analyzed for servicemembers from 2005-2011 using data from the Department of Defense system that captures occupational hearing tests worldwide. Results suggest that occupational hearing loss was larger in males than females, in officers than enlisted populations, and in Reserve and Air National Guard than in active duty. Compared to similar civilian career fields, active duty has lower prevalence rates for occupational hearing loss overall, although Reserve and Air National Guard prevalence rates were more similar to the civilian reported rates. The proportion of personnel with permanent threshold shifts varied between 4.6-16.7% within active duty career fields, which includes 76% of the population for study timeframe. Permanent threshold shift was larger in small job categories, and in jobs that are not considered exposed to hazardous noise routinely which is comparative with results from civilian data analysis of occupational hearing loss. Further investigation into testing practices for Air Force specific groups, use of the system for nonoccupational hearing testing, and challenges to follow-up compliance is warranted. Increased surveillance procedures for occupational hearing loss are needed to address concerns on the prevalence of servicemember hearing loss, the role of recreational and lifestyle factors to contribute the high reported hearing loss prevalence of veterans compared to nonveterans. C1 [Soderlund, Laurel Lloyd] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Dayton, OH USA. [McKenna, Elizabeth A.; Tastad, Katie] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Consult Serv, Dayton, OH USA. [Paul, Marika] Ohio State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP McKenna, EA (reprint author), US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Consult Serv, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM elizabeth_anne.mckenna@us.af.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 EI 1545-9632 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD MAY 3 PY 2016 VL 13 IS 5 BP 383 EP 392 DI 10.1080/15459624.2015.1123814 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DH1BT UT WOS:000372520100003 ER PT J AU Zhou, ZY Grocke, G Yanguas-Gil, A Wang, XJ Gao, Y Sun, NX Howe, B Chen, X AF Zhou, Ziyao Grocke, Garrett Yanguas-Gil, Angel Wang, Xinjun Gao, Yuan Sun, Nianxiang Howe, Brandon Chen, Xing TI CoFe2/Al2O3/PMNPT multiferroic heterostructures by atomic layer deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FILMS; NANOPARTICLES; NANOWIRES; METALS AB Multiferroic materials and applications allow electric bias control of magnetism or magnetic bias control of polarization, enabling fast, compact, energy-efficient devices in RF/microwave communication systems such as filters, shifters, and antennas; electronics devices such as inductors and capacitors; and other magnetic material related applications including sensors and memories. In this manuscript, we utilize atomic layer deposition technology to grow magnetic CoFe metallic thin films onto PMNPT, with a similar to 110 Oe electric field induced ferromagnetic resonance field shift in the CoFe/Al2O3/PMNPT multiferroic heterostructure. Our work demonstrates an atomic layer deposition fabricated multiferroic heterostructure with significant tunability and shows that the unique thin film growth mechanism will benefit integrated multiferroic application in near future. Published by AIP Publishing. C1 [Zhou, Ziyao; Grocke, Garrett; Yanguas-Gil, Angel; Chen, Xing] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Lemont, IL 60517 USA. [Wang, Xinjun; Gao, Yuan; Sun, Nianxiang] Northeastern Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Howe, Brandon] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chen, X (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Lemont, IL 60517 USA. EM xchen@anl.gov RI Sun, Nian Xiang/F-9590-2010; Gao, Yuan/E-4277-2016; OI Sun, Nian Xiang/0000-0002-3120-0094; Gao, Yuan/0000-0002-2444-1180; Chen, Xing/0000-0002-8076-657X FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Use of the TEM at the Center for Nanoscale Materials at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under the same contract. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the government. The funding source for the work reported here did not have a role in study design, data collection, analysis, data interpretation, writing, or in the decision to publish. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 20 U2 31 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 2 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 18 AR 182907 DI 10.1063/1.4948977 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DN4GY UT WOS:000377023300032 ER PT J AU Soref, R Hendrickson, JR Sweet, J AF Soref, Richard Hendrickson, Joshua R. Sweet, Julian TI Simulation of germanium nanobeam electro-optical 2 x 2 switches and 1 x 1 modulators for the 2 to 5 mu m infrared region SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ALL-OPTICAL MODULATION; WAVE-GUIDES; SILICON CHIP; ENERGY; MICROCAVITIES; CONSUMPTION; LIFETIME; CAVITIES; COMPACT; DESIGN AB This paper proposes and analyzes resonant Si-based electro-optical modulators and switches that use Ge-on-Si3N4 nanobeams (NBs) operating at 2 to 5 mu m wavelengths. The wavelength of operation can be extended to 15 mu m by mounting the Ge channel waveguides on a bulk Si chip. Electrons and holes are injected into the intrinsic Ge NB cavity center via thin P-and N-doped Ge wings on the NB (a lateral PIN diode at similar to 0.5 V forward bias). Simulations of the carrier-induced resonance-wavelength shift-and-damping in a 1 x 1 modulator show 6 dB of extinction at similar to 60 fJ/bit over the mid infrared. The NB's active length is.-scale. The cavity uses tapered-diameter air holes. Intensity modulation at similar to 1 Gb/s appears feasible. High-performance 2 x 2 switching is predicted by embedding one NB in each arm of a Mach-Zehnder device. The resonance of each identical NB is shifted by the same.. via carrier injection. Calculations show very low insertion loss and crosstalk in both the cross and bar states; however, the cross-to-bar energy, around 8 pJ/bit, is much higher than that in the 2 x 2 version that employs PN-junction carrier depletion. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Soref, Richard] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Engn, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Hendrickson, Joshua R.; Sweet, Julian] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sweet, Julian] Wyle Labs, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. RP Soref, R (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Engn, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM soref@rcn.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [15RYCOR159]; AFOSR [FA9550-14-1-0196]; UK EPSRC Project Migration FX JH acknowledges support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Program Manager Dr. Gernot Pomrenke) under contract number 15RYCOR159. RS appreciates sponsorship by the AFOSR on grant FA9550-14-1-0196 and by the UK EPSRC Project Migration. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 2 PY 2016 VL 24 IS 9 BP 9369 EP 9382 DI 10.1364/OE.24.009369 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA DK9OE UT WOS:000375259600025 PM 27137553 ER PT J AU Halls, BR Thul, DJ Michaelis, D Roy, S Meyer, TR Gord, JR AF Halls, Benjamin R. Thul, Daniel J. Michaelis, Dirk Roy, Sukesh Meyer, Terrence R. Gord, James R. TI Single-shot, volumetrically illuminated, three-dimensional, tomographic laser-induced-fluorescence imaging in a gaseous free jet SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT JETS; GAS CONCENTRATION; FLAME; FLOWS; FIELD; RECONSTRUCTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; TEMPERATURE; DIAGNOSTICS; NUMBER AB Single-shot, tomographic imaging of the three-dimensional concentration field is demonstrated in a turbulent gaseous free jet in co-flow using volumetrically illuminated laser-induced fluorescence. The fourth-harmonic output of an Nd:YAG laser at 266 nm is formed into a collimated 15 x 20 mm(2) beam to excite the ground singlet state of acetone seeded into the central jet. Subsequent fluorescence is collected along eight lines of sight for tomographic reconstruction using a combination of stereoscopes optically coupled to four two-stage intensified CMOS cameras. The performance of the imaging system is evaluated and shown to be sufficient for recording instantaneous three-dimensional features with high signal-to-noise (130: 1) and nominal spatial resolution of 0.6-1.5 mm at x/D = 7-15.5. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Halls, Benjamin R.; Gord, James R.] US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Thul, Daniel J.; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Michaelis, Dirk] LaVis GmbH, Anna Vandenhoeck Ring 19, D-37081 Gottingen, Germany. [Meyer, Terrence R.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Gord, JR (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Meyer, TR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM trmeyer@purdue.edu; james.gord@us.af.mil FU National Research Council at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Aerospace Systems Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-15-D-2518]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation [CTS-1403969] FX Benjamin Halls is funded under a National Research Council Post-doctoral Research Associateship award at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Aerospace Systems Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB. This work was funded in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No. FA8650-15-D-2518, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the National Science Foundation under Contract No. CTS-1403969. This manuscript has been cleared for public release by the Air Force Research Laboratory (No. 88ABW-2015-4918). NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 2 PY 2016 VL 24 IS 9 BP 10040 EP 10049 DI 10.1364/OE.24.010040 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA DK9OE UT WOS:000375259600086 PM 27137614 ER PT J AU Shumway, JD Anderson, DN Bishop, B AF Shumway, Joshua D. Anderson, Danielle N. Bishop, Brett TI Effectiveness of an Injury Prevention Warm-up for Unit Physical Training: A Case Series of Two Flying Squadrons SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Military Health System Research Symposium CY AUG 17-21, 2014 CL Fort Lauderdale, FL ID FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT; BALANCE; RECOMMENDATIONS; MILITARY AB Injury prevention has been assessed and studied in professional and collegiate athletic populations, but application to the military setting has been limited. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an injury prevention warm-up in two flying squadrons. At the commanders' request, two Air Force flying squadrons (276 individuals) were provided an injury prevention warm-up of evidence-based exercises, which focused on functional range of motion and dynamic core stability. The routine was performed before unit physical training twice a week. The number of injuries did not significantly decrease after the injury prevention warm-up compared to 12 months before the intervention. However, the amount of time a subject was "grounded," duty not involving flying, because of a musculoskeletal injury decreased significantly from 146 days per month to 73 days per month (p = 0.02). A quick, generic warm-up of evidence-based exercises may decrease the number of limited duty days in a flying population. C1 [Shumway, Joshua D.; Anderson, Danielle N.; Bishop, Brett] David Grant USAF Med Ctr, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94534 USA. RP Shumway, JD (reprint author), David Grant USAF Med Ctr, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94534 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 181 IS 5 SU S BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00190 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DW5LJ UT WOS:000383686400015 PM 27168558 ER PT J AU Blakeman, TC Rodriquez, D Britton, TJ Johannigman, JA Petro, MC Branson, RD AF Blakeman, Thomas C. Rodriquez, Dario, Jr. Britton, Tyler J. Johannigman, Jay A. Petro, Michael C. Branson, Richard D. TI Performance of Portable Ventilators Following Storage at Temperature Extremes SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Military Health System Research Symposium CY AUG 17-21, 2014 CL Fort Lauderdale, FL ID EMERGENCY VENTILATORS; SENSITIVITY; ENVIRONMENT AB In the current theater of operation, medical devices are often shipped and stored at ambient conditions. The effect of storage at hot and cold temperature extremes on ventilator performance is unknown. We evaluated three portable ventilators currently in use or being evaluated for use by the Department of Defense (731, Impact Instrumentation; T1, Hamilton Medical; and Revel, CareFusion) at temperature extremes in a laboratory setting. The ventilators were stored at temperatures of 60 degrees C and -35 degrees C for 24 hours and were allowed to acclimate to room temperature for 30 minutes before evaluation. The T1 required an extra 15 to 30 minutes of acclimation to room temperature before the ventilator would deliver breaths. All delivered tidal volumes at room temperature and after storage at temperature extremes were less than the +/- 10% American Society for Testing and Materials standard with the Revel. Delivered tidal volumes at the pediatric settings were less than the +/- 10% threshold after storage at both temperatures and at room temperature with the 731. Storage at extreme temperature affected the performance of the portable ventilators tested. This study showed that portable ventilators may need an hour or more of acclimation time at room temperature after storage at temperature extremes to operate as intended. C1 [Blakeman, Thomas C.; Johannigman, Jay A.; Branson, Richard D.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Div Trauma Crit Care, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Rodriquez, Dario, Jr.; Britton, Tyler J.; Petro, Michael C.] Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, US Air Force, Cincinnati Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Ski, 234 Goodman St, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. RP Blakeman, TC (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Div Trauma Crit Care, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 181 IS 5 SU S BP 156 EP 159 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00135 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DW5LJ UT WOS:000383686400024 PM 27168567 ER PT J AU Blakeman, TC Rodriquez, D Britton, TJ Johannigman, JA Petro, MC Branson, RD AF Blakeman, Thomas C. Rodriquez, Dario, Jr. Britton, Tyler J. Johannigman, Jay A. Petro, Michael C. Branson, Richard D. TI Evaluation of Oxygen Concentrators and Chemical Oxygen Generators at Altitude and Temperature Extremes SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Military Health System Research Symposium CY AUG 17-21, 2014 CL Fort Lauderdale, FL ID WALK TEST; DELIVERY; ENVIRONMENT; THERAPY; DEVICE AB Oxygen cylinders are heavy and present a number of hazards, and liquid oxygen is too heavy and cumbersome to be used in far forward environments. Portable oxygen concentrators (POCs) and chemical oxygen generators (COGs) have been proposed as a solution. We evaluated 3 commercially available POCs and 3 COGs in a laboratory setting. Altitude testing was done at sea level and 8,000, 16,000, and 22,000 ft. Temperature extreme testing was performed after storing devices at 60 degrees C and -35 degrees C for 24 hours. Mean FIO2 decreased after storage at -35 degrees C with Eclipse and iGo POCs and also at the higher volumes after storage at 60 degrees C with the Eclipse. The iGo ceased to operate at 16,000 ft, but the Eclipse and Saros were unaffected by altitude. Oxygen flow, duration of operation, and total oxygen volume varied between COGs and within the same device type. Output decreased after storage at -35 degrees C, but increased at each altitude as compared to sea level. This study showed significant differences in the performance of POCs and COGs after storage at temperature extremes and with the COGs at altitude. Clinicians must understand the performance characteristics of devices in all potential environments. C1 [Blakeman, Thomas C.; Johannigman, Jay A.; Branson, Richard D.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Div Trauma & Crit Care, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Rodriquez, Dario, Jr.; Britton, Tyler J.; Petro, Michael C.] Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, US Air Force, Cincinnati C STARS, 234 Goodman St, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. RP Blakeman, TC (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Div Trauma & Crit Care, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 181 IS 5 SU S BP 160 EP 168 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00130 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DW5LJ UT WOS:000383686400025 PM 27168568 ER PT J AU Burke, WJ Pfaff, RF Martinis, CR Gentile, LC AF Burke, W. J. Pfaff, R. F. Martinis, C. R. Gentile, L. C. TI C/NOFS remote sensing of ionospheric reflectance SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Alfvenic reflection coefficients; incident; reflected Poynting flux; MSTID electrodynamics ID NIGHTTIME MIDLATITUDE IONOSPHERE; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; ALFVEN WAVES; F-LAYER; ARECIBO; DISTURBANCES; CONDUCTANCES; INSTABILITY; CURRENTS; IMAGES AB Alfven waves play critical roles in the electrodynamic coupling of plasmas at magnetically conjugate regions in near-Earth space. Associated electric (E*) and magnetic (B*) field perturbations sampled by sensors on satellites in low-Earth orbits are generally superpositions of incident and reflected waves. However, lack of knowledge about ionospheric reflection coefficients () hinders understanding of generator outputs and load absorption of Alfven wave energies. Here we demonstrate a new method for estimating using satellite measurements of ambient E* and B* then apply it to a case in which the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite flew conjugate to the field of view of a 630.0nm all-sky imager at El Leoncito, Argentina, while medium-scale traveling ionosphere disturbances were detected in its field of view. In regions of relatively large amplitudes of E* and B*, calculated values ranged between 0.67 and 0.88. This implies that due to impedance mismatches, the generator ionosphere puts out significantly more electromagnetic energy than the load can absorb. Our analysis also uncovered caveats concerning the method's range of applicability in regions of low E* and B*. The method can be validated in future satellite-based auroral studies where energetic particle precipitation fluxes can be used to make independent estimates of . C1 [Burke, W. J.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Pfaff, R. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Martinis, C. R.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Gentile, L. C.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Burke, WJ (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-14-1-0222]; Boston College [FA9453-12-C-0205, FA8712-10-C-0001]; NSF Aeronomy grant [1123222]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported in part by grant FA9550-14-1-0222 from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The authors wish to acknowledge the expert analysis and processing of the VEFI DC electric field and magnetic field data used in this study by Henry Freudenreich and Carmen Liebrecht at the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. VEFI data from the first 3 years of the C/NOFS mission are available on the CDA website with plans to make later VEFI data available. Observations from the Boston University all-sky imagers are available at http://sirius.bu.edu/. W.J.B. received support under contracts FA9453-12-C-0205 and FA8712-10-C-0001 with Boston College. C.R.M. acknowledges the support of NSF Aeronomy grant 1123222 and Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant for DURIP instrumentation. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 121 IS 5 BP 4924 EP 4932 DI 10.1002/2016JA022345 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DR6QD UT WOS:000380025500074 ER PT J AU Stewart, EC Patil, MJ Canfield, RA Snyder, RD AF Stewart, Eric C. Patil, Mayuresh J. Canfield, Robert A. Snyder, Richard D. TI Aeroelastic Shape Optimization of a Flapping Wing SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th AIAA Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Conference CY JAN 13-17, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP AIAA ID DESIGN; INSECT; FLIGHT; FLEXIBILITY; KINEMATICS AB This paper presents the theory and results for the shape and structural optimization of a platelike flapping wing. The aeroelastic system is analyzed by coupling an unsteady vortex lattice aerodynamics model with a plate finite element model. The assumptions in the aerodynamic model allow the system of equations to be calculated with the inversion of a single matrix, greatly reducing the computational cost. The design variables are the shape parameters from the modified Zimmerman method and the polynomial coefficients that describe the wing thickness. The wing shape and structure are optimized using two multiobjective optimization formulations. The first optimization minimizes the input power while maximizing the cycle-averaged thrust. The input power is the secondary objective function and is treated as a nonlinear constraint, whereas the cycle-averaged thrust is the primary objective function. A second multiobjective formulation that treats wing mass as the secondary objective function is also performed. The power-thrust-optimal wing designs minimize the contribution of the wing deformation to the input power over the flapping cycle. The mass-optimal shapes maximize the wingspan and tailor the wing thickness such that the wing deformation adds to the thrust. It is shown that, although thrust benefits from added wing deformation, it also adds to the power required to flap the wing. C1 [Stewart, Eric C.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Patil, Mayuresh J.; Canfield, Robert A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Snyder, Richard D.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stewart, Eric C.] NASA, AST Struct Dynam, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Stewart, EC (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA.; Stewart, EC (reprint author), NASA, AST Struct Dynam, Washington, DC 20546 USA. EM ecstew@vt.edu; mpatil@vt.edu; bob.canfield@vt.edu; richard.snyder@wpafb.af.mil RI Patil, Mayuresh/E-4644-2013 OI Patil, Mayuresh/0000-0001-9601-2249 NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2016 VL 53 IS 3 BP 636 EP 650 DI 10.2514/1.C033278 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DP3SN UT WOS:000378415500003 ER PT J AU Padmanabhan, MA Dowell, EH Thomas, JP Pasiliao, CL AF Padmanabhan, Madhusudan A. Dowell, Earl H. Thomas, Jeffrey P. Pasiliao, Crystal L. TI Store-Induced Limit-Cycle Oscillations Due to Nonlinear Wing-Store Attachment SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference / 33rd Wind Energy Symposium CY JAN 05-09, 2015 CL Kissimmee, FL SP AIAA, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID CONTROL SURFACE; FIGHTER; BEHAVIOR; FREEPLAY; FLUTTER; AIRFOIL AB Several high-performance fighter aircraft exhibit store-induced limit-cycle oscillations, leading to pilot discomfort, potential structural fatigue, and flight envelope restrictions. The roles of various aerodynamic and structural factors causing the limit-cycle oscillation are not sufficiently understood, and their numerical exploration via time marching is computationally expensive. In this paper, the effects of nonlinear stiffness and damping in the wing-store attachments of the F-16 aircraft are examined, in the presence of steady flow aerodynamic nonlinearity, using the computationally efficient harmonic balance method. Structural mechanisms including cubic restoring force of both softening and hardening types, freeplay, and Coulomb friction are systematically evaluated, and the most likely among these are identified by comparing the computed limit-cycle oscillation results to flight data. An extension of the harmonic balance method to handle nonlinear unsteady aerodynamics along with structural nonlinearity is also proposed to enable rapid and accurate limit-cycle oscillation assessment of candidate store configurations. C1 [Padmanabhan, Madhusudan A.; Dowell, Earl H.; Thomas, Jeffrey P.] Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Pasiliao, Crystal L.] US Air Force Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Aerodynam Sci Branch, 101 West Eglin Blvd,Suite 330, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Padmanabhan, MA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2016 VL 53 IS 3 BP 778 EP 789 DI 10.2514/1.C033577 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DP3SN UT WOS:000378415500015 ER PT J AU Merrick, JD Reeder, MF AF Merrick, Justin D. Reeder, Mark F. TI Sphere Release from a Rectangular Cavity at Mach 2.22 Freestream Conditions SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference CY JUN 22-26, 2015 CL Dallas, TX SP AIAA ID FLOW AB Experimental and computational methods were used to investigate the characteristics of a scaled, generically shaped weapons internal carriage and separation bay with a length-to-depth ratio of 4.5 at multiple Mach numbers and stagnation pressures. Three new nozzles were designed, manufactured, and characterized for the U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology small supersonic tunnel, yielding freestream Mach numbers of 1.43, 1.84, and 2.22. In addition, a control valve was reconfigured to achieve stagnation pressures as low as 1.0 psia, allowing more realistic scaling. These nozzles were used in conjunction with piezoresistive pressure transducers and high-speed schlieren photography to capture the time history of the pressure and the acoustic spectra of the cavity. The nominal Mach 2.3 nozzle was used in free-drop testing of a 1: 20 scaled sphere and compared with computational simulations. The computational solution was obtained using the OVERFLOW solver with incorporated six-degree-of-freedom motion and the delayed detached-eddy simulation/shear stress transport hybrid turbulence model. Analysis of the schlieren video generated by the experimental tests allowed direct comparison of computational and experimental trajectories. Measured trajectories compared closely to computational trajectories, especially for the lowest stagnation pressure settings, where heavy Mach scaling yielded operationally relevant conditions, despite the small scale of the tests. C1 [Merrick, Justin D.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Reeder, Mark F.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Merrick, JD (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2016 VL 53 IS 3 BP 822 EP 829 DI 10.2514/1.C033636 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DP3SN UT WOS:000378415500019 ER PT J AU Singh, KV Brown, RN Kolonay, R AF Singh, Kumar V. Brown, Richard N. Kolonay, Raymond TI Receptance-Based Active Aeroelastic Control with Embedded Control Surfaces Having Actuator Dynamics SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference / 33rd Wind Energy Symposium CY JAN 05-09, 2015 CL Kissimmee, FL SP AIAA, ASCE, AHS, ASC, ASME ID VIBRATION CONTROL; LEADING-EDGE; SUPPRESSION; PROGRAM; DESIGN; SYSTEM; MODEL AB To implement active aeroelastic control, control surfaces on a given wing configuration are moved using actuators having their own dynamic characteristics. The inclusion of actuator dynamics leads to the coupling of aeroelastic and actuator modes, and may result in instability in the closed-loop coupled aeroservoelastic system. During the design phase, various types of actuators may be considered, and hence, the stability and performance of the coupled system needs to be evaluated. In this research, a simultaneous control for aeroelastic and actuator poles is developed, which allows for the desired pole placement in a coupled aeroservoelastic system. This enables flutter boundary extension and suppression of flutter instabilities. The design of the controller is based on the method of receptances and requires the transfer functions associated with the aeroelastic structure and the actuators. This approach also allows the partial control of some selected aeroelastic modes without influencing the actuator modes, which ensures the stability of a coupled aeroservoelastic system irrespective of the selected actuator model. Different wing models having multiple control surfaces have been considered in the simulation. By using the associated numerical receptances, several examples have also been presented to demonstrate the solution strategy and performance of the controller. C1 [Singh, Kumar V.; Brown, Richard N.] Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Kolonay, Raymond] US Air Force Res Lab, Multidisciplinary Sci & Technol Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Singh, KV (reprint author), Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RI Singh, Kumar/D-5183-2015 OI Singh, Kumar/0000-0002-9868-5583 NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2016 VL 53 IS 3 BP 830 EP 845 DI 10.2514/1.C033658 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DP3SN UT WOS:000378415500020 ER PT J AU Tauer, TM Kunz, DL Lindsley, NJ AF Tauer, Thomas M. Kunz, Donald L. Lindsley, Ned J. TI Visualization of Nonlinear Aerodynamic Phenomena During F-16 Limit-Cycle Oscillations SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID FIGHTER C1 [Tauer, Thomas M.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kunz, Donald L.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lindsley, Ned J.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, AFRL RQVC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tauer, TM (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU ZONA FX The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of the U.S. Air Force SEEK Eagle Office (AFSEO), the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School (TPS), and ZONA Technology, Inc. AFSEO designed and built the reconfigurable AIM-9 missiles and provided the F-16 finite-element model. The flight tests were performed at TPS, with the support of their able staff. ZONA provided and supported the High Definition Geometry aerodynamic model, which was developed for the U.S. Air Force. The views expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the United States Government. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2016 VL 53 IS 3 BP 865 EP + DI 10.2514/1.C033534 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DP3SN UT WOS:000378415500024 ER PT J AU Figueroa, RA Cortes, PF Accatino, L Sorensen, R AF Figueroa, Rodrigo A. Cortes, Paula F. Accatino, Luigi Sorensen, Richard TI Management of psychological trauma in primary care SO REVISTA MEDICA DE CHILE LA English DT Article DE Practice Guidelines as Topic; Primary Health Care; Psychological trauma; Stress Disorders; Post-Traumatic; Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; MENTAL-HEALTH; RISK-FACTORS; FEBRUARY 27; METAANALYSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COMORBIDITY; EVENTS; ADULTS; BENZODIAZEPINES AB Exposure to traumatic events is frequent in the general population and psychiatric sequelae such as post-traumatic stress disorders are common. The symptoms of psychiatric sequelae after trauma are vague, with multiple psychological and physical symptoms, which can confuse the health care professional. This paper seeks to facilitate the work in primary care, providing practical information about the diagnosis, initial management and referral of patients who have suffered traumatic experiences. Some early interventions and treatments are suggested. C1 [Figueroa, Rodrigo A.; Accatino, Luigi] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Escuela Med, Dept Psiquiatria, Valparaiso, Chile. [Figueroa, Rodrigo A.; Cortes, Paula F.] CIGIDEN, Santiago, Chile. [Sorensen, Richard] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. RP Figueroa, RA (reprint author), Red Salud UC Christus, Ctr Med San Joaquin, Ctr Salud Mental, Av Vicuna Mackenna 4686, Santiago, Chile. EM rfiguerc@uc.cl NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO PI SANTIAGO 9 PA BERNARDA MORIN 488 PROVIDENCIA, CASILLA 168 CORREO 55, SANTIAGO 9, 00000, CHILE SN 0034-9887 EI 0717-6163 J9 REV MED CHILE JI Rev. Medica Chile PD MAY PY 2016 VL 144 IS 5 BP 643 EP 655 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DP2UI UT WOS:000378348200013 PM 27552016 ER PT J AU Shen, Y Leontsev, S Sheets, AO Horwath, JC Turgut, Z AF Shen, Y. Leontsev, S. Sheets, A. O. Horwath, J. C. Turgut, Z. TI Effect of flake thickness on coercivity of nanocrystalline SmCo5 bulk prepared from anisotropic nanoflake powder SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (MMM)/Intermag Conference CY JAN 11-15, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE Magnet soc ID MAGNETS AB In this study, nanocrystalline SmCo5 bulk magnets were prepared by hot-pressing of nanoflake powders fabricated via surfactant-assisted high energy ball milling. Effect of the flake thickness on magnetic coercivity of the SmCo5 bulk was investigated. Anisotropic SmCo5 nanoflakes with thickness between 100 and 1000 nm were prepared by varying the milling parameter of ball-to-powder weight ratio. XRD analysis revealed that as-milled flake powders possessed nanocrystalline grains with no observable oxide peaks. The coercivity of the flake powders varied between 19.9 and 21.3 kOe for 1000 nm to 100 nm thick flakes, which indicated that the flake thickness in this range had no obvious effect on the coercivity of the powders. However, the coercivity of the bulks showed a strong dependence on the flake thickness. The bulk coercivity value of 10.97 kOe corresponding to the flake thickness of 100 nm, was 80% higher compared to the bulk prepared with the flakes of 1000 nm. XRD results on compacted samples did not show any grain growth, however, Sm2O3 and free Co were detected in SmCo5 bulks and their content increased with reduced flake thickness. Interestingly enough the bulk coercivity was not deteriorated with the presence of Sm oxide and Co. (C) 2016 Author(s). C1 [Shen, Y.; Leontsev, S.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Shen, Y.; Leontsev, S.; Sheets, A. O.; Horwath, J. C.; Turgut, Z.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sheets, A. O.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Shen, Y (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA.; Shen, Y (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 6 IS 5 AR 056005 DI 10.1063/1.4943015 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DO7KX UT WOS:000377962500174 ER PT J AU Grap, MJ Munro, CL Wetzel, PA Schubert, CM Pepperl, A Burk, RS Lucas, V AF Grap, Mary Jo Munro, Cindy L. Wetzel, Paul A. Schubert, Christine M. Pepperl, Anathea Burk, Ruth S. Lucas, Valentina TI BACKREST ELEVATION AND TISSUE INTERFACE PRESSURE BY ANATOMICAL LOCATION DURING MECHANICAL VENTILATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CARE PATIENTS; CRITICALLY-ILL; BODY POSITION; BRADEN SCALE; RISK-FACTOR; SORE RISK; ULCERS; PNEUMONIA; SYSTEM; APACHE AB Background Backrest elevations less than 30 degrees are recommended to reduce pressure ulcers, but positions greater than 30 degrees are recommended during mechanical ventilation to reduce risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Interface pressure may vary with level of backrest elevation and anatomical location (eg, sacrum, heels). Objective To describe backrest elevation and anatomical location and intensity of skin pressure across the body in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Methods In a longitudinal study, patients from 3 adult intensive care units in a single institution receiving mechanical ventilation were enrolled within 24 hours of intubation from February 2010 through May 2012. Backrest elevation (by inclinometer) and pressure (by a pressure-mapping system) were measured continuously for 72 hours. Mean tissue interface pressure was determined for 7 anatomical areas: left and right scapula, left and right trochanter, sacrum, and left and right heel. Results Data on 133 patients were analyzed. For each 1 degrees increase in backrest elevation, mean interface pressure decreased 0.09 to 0.42 mm Hg. For each unit increase in body mass index, mean trochanter pressure increased 0.22 to 0.24 mm Hg. Knee angle (lower extremity bent at the knee) and mobility were time-varying covariates in models of the relationship between backrest elevation and tissue interface pressure. Conclusions Individual factors such as patient movement and body mass index may be important elements related to risk for pressure ulcers and ventilator-associated pneumonia, and a more nuanced approach in which positioning decisions are tailored to optimize outcomes for individual patients appears warranted. C1 [Grap, Mary Jo; Burk, Ruth S.] Sch Nursing, Adult Hlth & Nursing Syst Dept, Richmond, VA USA. [Wetzel, Paul A.; Pepperl, Anathea] Sch Engn, Dept Biomed Engn, Richmond, VA USA. [Lucas, Valentina] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Surg, Richmond, VA USA. [Munro, Cindy L.] Univ S Florida, Coll Nursing, Res & Innovat, Tampa, FL USA. [Schubert, Christine M.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Dayton, OH USA. RP Grap, MJ (reprint author), 1000 Lady Jean Ct, Midlothian, VA 23114 USA. EM mjgrap@vcu.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01 NR010381] FX This study was supported by National Institutes of Health grant R01 NR010381 to Dr Mary Jo Grap. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CRITICAL CARE NURSES PI ALISO VIEJO PA 101 COLUMBIA, ALISO VIEJO, CA 92656 USA SN 1062-3264 EI 1937-710X J9 AM J CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Crit. Care PD MAY 1 PY 2016 VL 25 IS 3 BP E56 EP E63 DI 10.4037/ajcc2016317 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Nursing SC General & Internal Medicine; Nursing GA DO2AT UT WOS:000377582500003 PM 27134239 ER PT J AU Gruneisen, MT Sickmiller, BA Flanagan, MB Black, JP Stoltenberg, KE Duchane, AW AF Gruneisen, Mark T. Sickmiller, Brett A. Flanagan, Michael B. Black, James P. Stoltenberg, Kurt E. Duchane, Alexander W. TI Adaptive spatial filtering of daytime sky noise in a satellite quantum key distribution downlink receiver (vol 55, 026104, 2016) SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Correction C1 [Gruneisen, Mark T.; Duchane, Alexander W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Sickmiller, Brett A.; Flanagan, Michael B.] Leidos, 2109 Air Pk Rd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Black, James P.; Stoltenberg, Kurt E.] Boeing Co, POB 5670, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gruneisen, MT (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 55 IS 5 AR 059801 DI 10.1117/1.OE.55.5.059801 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA DO2DB UT WOS:000377588800039 ER PT J AU Ferguson, D Crabtree, P White, S Vayner, B AF Ferguson, Dale Crabtree, Peter White, Stephen Vayner, Boris TI Anomalous Global Positioning System Power Degradation from Arc-Induced Contamination SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCHEMICALLY DEPOSITED CONTAMINATION; SOLAR-ARRAY; SPACECRAFT; SATELLITES AB It is well known that many GPS satellites have experienced power degradation in excess of what would be expected from radiation damage on their solar arrays. Originally, contamination was suspected, based on the time behavior and rate of degradation seen. Calorimeters were included on some satellites, and a temperature rise commensurate with the power loss was detected, but subsequent efforts to eliminate line-of-sight paths from the contamination sources were unfruitful in reducing the power degradation. The hypothesis put forward here is that the contamination is the result of solar array arcing over a GPS lifetime. In this paper, we examine this hypothesis, using known characteristics of space solar array arcs, to place limits on the arc rate that would be sufficient to produce the contamination-induced power losses seen on GPS satellites to date. Comparisons with United States Nuclear Detonation Detection System signals on GPS satellites are consistent with at least some of the United States Nuclear Detonation Detection System events being solar array arcs. If the hypothesis can be confirmed, simple measures to prevent arcing on GPS arrays can lower the contamination rate and either increase end-of-life power or allow reduced beginning-of-life power. C1 [Ferguson, Dale] US Air Force, Res Lab, Spacecaft Charging Sci & Technol, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Crabtree, Peter; White, Stephen] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Vayner, Boris] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Brookpark, OH 44135 USA. RP Ferguson, D (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Spacecaft Charging Sci & Technol, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM dale.ferguson.1@us.af.mil; peter.crabtree.6@us.af.mil; stephen.white.24@us.af.mil; boris.v.vayner@nasa.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY PY 2016 VL 53 IS 3 BP 464 EP 470 DI 10.2514/1.A33438 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DN8YM UT WOS:000377365800007 ER PT J AU Robinson, JB Richie, DJ AF Robinson, Joseph B. Richie, David J. TI Stabilization and Attitude Determination Methods for FalconSAT-3 SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID VECTOR OBSERVATIONS; ALGORITHM; TRIAD AB FalconSAT-3 is a cadet-built and -operated satellite that was launched in 2007. In late 2014, cadets successfully stabilized the satellite for the first time through an operational test campaign using a B-dot controller. This paper describes the many challenges in attitude stabilization and determination, and the solutions provided to achieve partial mission capability of two payloads with a magnetometer as the only sensor. Due to problems with onboard sun sensors, engineers have used solar panel currents to create a sun vector to perform a full three-axis attitude determination. This paper compares two different methods for determining the sun vector from solar panel currents and uses the triad method to perform a three-axis attitude determination. A discussion of the key lessons learned from the cadet-run satellite operations is also included. C1 [Robinson, Joseph B.; Richie, David J.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Astronaut, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Robinson, Joseph B.; Richie, David J.] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. RP Robinson, JB (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Astronaut, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY PY 2016 VL 53 IS 3 BP 507 EP 519 DI 10.2514/1.A33362 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DN8YM UT WOS:000377365800012 ER PT J AU Alba, CR Greendyke, RB AF Alba, Christopher R. Greendyke, Robert B. TI Nonequilibrium Finite-Rate Carbon Ablation Model for Earth Reentry Flows SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID MODULATED MOLECULAR-BEAMS; PYROLYTIC-GRAPHITE; OXIDATION; OXYGEN; PLANE C1 [Alba, Christopher R.; Greendyke, Robert B.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Alba, CR (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to thank John Schmisseur who sponsored this work under a grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The authors would also like to thank Steve Lewis, Richard Morgan, and Timothy McIntyre from the University of Queensland for providing the X-2 shock expansion tunnel data used for comparisons. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research or the U.S. Government. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY PY 2016 VL 53 IS 3 BP 579 EP 583 DI 10.2514/1.A33399 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DN8YM UT WOS:000377365800019 ER PT J AU Mostajeran, C Warner, M Ware, TH White, TJ AF Mostajeran, Cyrus Warner, Mark Ware, Taylor H. White, Timothy J. TI Encoding Gaussian curvature in glassy and elastomeric liquid crystal solids SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE nematic; elastomers; solids; curvature ID NON-EUCLIDEAN PLATES; POLYMER NETWORKS; TOPOLOGY; METRICS; SHEETS; SHAPE AB We describe shape transitions of thin, solid nematic sheets with smooth, preprogrammed, in-plane director fields patterned across the surface causing spatially inhomogeneous local deformations. A metric description of the local deformations is used to study the intrinsic geometry of the resulting surfaces upon exposure to stimuli such as light and heat. We highlight specific patterns that encode constant Gaussian curvature of prescribed sign and magnitude. We present the first experimental results for such programmed solids, and they qualitatively support theory for both positive and negative Gaussian curvature morphing from flat sheets on stimulation by light or heat. We review logarithmic spiral patterns that generate cone/anti-cone surfaces, and introduce spiral director fields that encode non-localized positive and negative Gaussian curvature on punctured discs, including spherical caps and spherical spindles. Conditions are derived where these cap-like, photomechanically responsive regions can be anchored in inert substrates by designing solutions that ensure compatibility with the geometric constraints imposed by the surrounding media. This integration of such materials is a precondition for their exploitation in new devices. Finally, we consider the radial extension of such director fields to larger sheets using nematic textures defined on annular domains. C1 [Mostajeran, Cyrus] Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. [Warner, Mark] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, 19 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Ware, Taylor H.; White, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ware, Taylor H.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Bioengn, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. RP Warner, M (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, 19 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. EM mw141@cam.ac.uk RI Ware, Taylor/A-7130-2017; OI Ware, Taylor/0000-0001-7996-7393; Warner, Mark/0000-0003-3172-0265 FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council of the United Kingdom; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX C.M. is supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council of the United Kingdom. T.J.W. and T.H.W. acknowledge financial support from the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-5021 EI 1471-2946 J9 P ROY SOC A-MATH PHY JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2016 VL 472 IS 2189 AR 20160112 DI 10.1098/rspa.2016.0112 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DO3ZL UT WOS:000377721200016 PM 27279777 ER PT J AU Harker, BM Neilsen, TB Gee, KL Wall, AT James, MM AF Harker, Blaine M. Neilsen, Tracianne B. Gee, Kent L. Wall, Alan T. James, Michael M. TI Spatiotemporal-Correlation Analysis of Jet Noise from a High-Performance Military Aircraft SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FIELD ACOUSTICAL-HOLOGRAPHY; HIGH-SPEED JETS; SOURCE LOCATION AB Correlation analyses of ground-based acoustic-pressure measurements of noise from a tethered F-22A provide insights into the sound-field characteristics with position and engine condition. Time-scaled single-point (auto) correlation functions show that, to the side of the nozzle exit, the temporal-correlation envelope decays rapidly, whereas the envelope decays more slowly in the maximum radiation region and farther downstream. This type of spatial variation has been previously attributed to a transition from fine-to large-scale mixing noise in laboratory-scale jets. Two-point space-time (cross) correlation functions demonstrate that noise from a single engine operating at intermediate power is similar to that from a heated, convectively subsonic laboratory-scale jet, whereas additional features are seen at afterburner, relative to supersonic laboratory jets. A complementary coherence analysis provides estimates of coherence lengths as a function of frequency and location. Acoustic coherence lengths across the ground microphone array are used to analyze one-dimensional, equivalent-source-coherence lengths obtained from the DAMAS-C beamforming algorithm. The source coherence reaches its maximum downstream of the maximum source level, suggesting that uncorrelated sources meaningfully contribute to the dominant source region. In addition to revealing further the nature of the sound field near an advanced tactical engine, the characteristics seen should be useful as a phenomenological comparison point for those trying to model military-scale results both experimentally and numerically. C1 [Harker, Blaine M.; Neilsen, Tracianne B.; Gee, Kent L.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N283 ESC, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Wall, Alan T.] US Air Force Res Lab, Battlespace Acoust Branch, AFRL 711 HPW RHCB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [James, Michael M.] Blue Ridge Res & Consulting LLC, 29 N Market St,Suite 700, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Harker, BM (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N283 ESC, Provo, UT 84602 USA. FU Office of Naval Research; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (USAFRL) through the Small Business Innovation Research program; Blue Ridge Research and Consulting, Brigham Young University; U.S. Air Force FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding for this analysis from the Office of Naval Research. The measurements were funded by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (USAFRL) through the Small Business Innovation Research program, and supported through a cooperative research and development agreement between Blue Ridge Research and Consulting, Brigham Young University, and the U.S. Air Force. This research was supported in part by the appointment of Blaine Harker to the Student Research Participation Program at USAFRL, 711th Human Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Warfighter Interface Branch, Battlespace Acoustics Branch administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and USAFRL. Distribution A: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 88ABW Cleared 23 April 2015; 88ABW-2015-2059. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1554 EP 1566 DI 10.2514/1.J054442 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DN6SA UT WOS:000377205000009 ER PT J AU Granlund, KO Ol, MV Jones, AR AF Granlund, Kenneth O. Ol, Michael V. Jones, Anya R. TI Streamwise Oscillation of Airfoils into Reverse Flow SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting / AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference / 17th AIAA Non-Deterministic Approaches Conference / AIAA Science and Technology Forum / AIAA Infotech at Aerospace Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2015 CL Kissimmee, FL SP AIAA ID AERODYNAMICS; NUMBER AB A NACA 0012 airfoil is oscillated in streamwise direction in a constant freestream and at a fixed incidence angle such that reverse flow occurs cyclically. Force measurements reveal that lift is close to unsteady theory while advancing into the freestream, if the angle of attack permits attached flow. Lift is augmented at large angles of attack, where the flow is separated under steady conditions, and does not become appreciatively negative in flow reversal for either attached or separated flow, contrary to one unsteady theory but supported by another. Dye flow visualization reveals a coherent vortical structure upstream of the leading edge before flow reversal, which is believed to attenuate negative lift. C1 [Granlund, Kenneth O.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ol, Michael V.] US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jones, Anya R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Granlund, KO (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1628 EP 1636 DI 10.2514/1.J054674 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DN6SA UT WOS:000377205000015 ER PT J AU Sauerwein, TJ True, MW AF Sauerwein, Tom J. True, Mark W. TI The Diabetes Center of Excellence: A Model to Emulate SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Sauerwein, Tom J.] JBSA Lackland, Air Force Diabet Ctr Excellence, 59th Med Wing,2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [True, Mark W.] JBSA Ft Sam Houston, 59th Med Wing,3551 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Sauerwein, TJ (reprint author), JBSA Lackland, Air Force Diabet Ctr Excellence, 59th Med Wing,2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 181 IS 5 BP 407 EP 409 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00007 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DN5MZ UT WOS:000377114400005 PM 27136646 ER PT J AU Tvaryanas, AP Maupin, GM Fouts, BL AF Tvaryanas, Anthony P. Maupin, Genny M. Fouts, Brittany L. TI A 10-Year Cross-Sectional Analysis of Air Force Flight and Operational Medicine Clinic Health Care Services SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Objectives: This study described the patient population and the health care services delivered in the Air Force Flight and Operational Medicine Clinics (FOMCs) over the past 10 years. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on the retrospective cohort of patients who received care at a FOMC from 2003 to 2012. Results: A total of 714,157 individuals, generating 4,829,626 encounters, were included in the cohort. They were predominately male service members under the age of 41. One-fifth of individuals were retirees and family members, with one-third being in the pediatric age range. The cohort accessed health care services for three primary reasons: health examinations (28%), occupational dispositions (18%), and primary care (54%). When primary care was sought, the predominate health conditions were upper respiratory infections, back problems, and nontraumatic joint disorders. When services and procedures were a component of the care, they were predominately associated with health examinations involving ophthalmologic, auditory, and cardiac screening tests. Individuals accessing the FOMCs had relatively low need for access to health care services, requiring a median of two annual encounters. Conclusions: This study provided insight into the health care delivered in FOMCs and establishes a foundation for future planning and management of FOMC health care delivery. C1 [Tvaryanas, Anthony P.] Human Syst Integrat Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing,2510 Fifth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Maupin, Genny M.; Fouts, Brittany L.] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Aeromed Res Dept, 2510 Fifth St,Bldg 840, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tvaryanas, AP (reprint author), Human Syst Integrat Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing,2510 Fifth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Defense Health Programs FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Student Research Participation Program at the An Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing (AFRIL/HPW) administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and AFRL. This research project was accomplished using Air Force Defense Health Programs research funds. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 181 IS 5 BP 424 EP 433 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00086 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DN5MZ UT WOS:000377114400007 PM 27136648 ER PT J AU Saldanha, V Yi, F Lewis, JD Ingalls, NK AF Saldanha, Vilas Yi, Fia Lewis, Jeffrey D. Ingalls, Nichole K. TI Staying at the Cutting Edge: Partnership With a Level 1 Trauma Center Improves Clinical Currency and Wartime Readiness for Military Surgeons SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TRANSFUSION; OUTCOMES; CARE AB Introduction: Surgical currency is a critical component of medical corps readiness. We report a review of surgeons embedded into a civilian institution and analyze whether this improves surgical currency and wartime readiness. Methods: Patient management and operative volume were acquired from four surgeons embedded at a civilian institution and compared to operative case loads of surgeons based at a military treatment facility (MTF). Results: The surgeons embedded in the civilian institution had a mean of 49.3 cases compared to a mean of 8.3 cases for surgeons at the MTF over this 6-month period. In addition, the embedded surgeons obtained 44.4 to 94.7% of these cases during their civilian experience as opposed to cases done at the MTF. The cases performed by the embedded orthopedic surgeon (n = 247) was over 20 times the mean number of cases (mean = 12) performed at the MTF. Over a 6-month period, the trauma surgeon and general surgeon each evaluated 150 and 170 new trauma patients, respectively. In addition, the trauma/critical care surgeon cared for 250 critical care patients over this same 6-month period. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that embedding surgeons into a civilian institution allows them to maintain skill sets critical for currency and wartime readiness. C1 [Saldanha, Vilas; Lewis, Jeffrey D.; Ingalls, Nichole K.] Mike OCallaghan Fed Med Ctr, Med Grp 99, 4700 North Las Vegas Blvd, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. [Yi, Fia] Joint Base San Antonio, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Med Grp 959, 2080 Wilson Rd, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. RP Saldanha, V (reprint author), Mike OCallaghan Fed Med Ctr, Med Grp 99, 4700 North Las Vegas Blvd, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 181 IS 5 BP 459 EP 462 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00080 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DN5MZ UT WOS:000377114400012 PM 27136653 ER PT J AU Osborne, JR Ramji, SA Carter, CD Peltier, S Hammack, S Lee, T Steinberg, AM AF Osborne, Jeffrey R. Ramji, Sarah A. Carter, Campbell D. Peltier, Scott Hammack, Stephen Lee, Tonghun Steinberg, Adam M. TI Simultaneous 10 kHz TPIV, OH PLIF, and CH2O PLIF measurements of turbulent flame structure and dynamics SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; PREMIXED FLAMES; TOMOGRAPHIC-PIV; FRONT STRUCTURE; JET FLAME; STEREOSCOPIC PIV; BUNSEN FLAMES; COMBUSTION; FORMALDEHYDE; ENGINE AB Simultaneous 10 kHz repetition-rate tomographic particle image velocimetry, hydroxyl planar laser-induced fluorescence (OH PLIF), and formaldehyde (CH2 O) PLIF were used to study the structure and dynamics of turbulent premixed flames. The flames investigated span from the classically defined corrugated flamelet regime to conditions at which broadened and/ or broken flamelets are expected. Methods are presented for determining 3D flame topologies from the Mie scattering tomography and for tracking features through space and time using theoretical Lagrangian particles. Substantial broadening of the CH2 O region is observed with increasing turbulence intensity. However, OH production remains rapid, and the region of OH and CH2O overlap remains thin. Local flame speeds exceeding three times the laminar flame speed are observed in regions of flame-flame interaction. Furthermore, a method of tracking fluid residence time within the CH2O layer is presented and shows that residence time decreases at higher turbulence intensity despite the broader distribution of the CH2O, indicating an increase in local reaction rate. C1 [Osborne, Jeffrey R.; Ramji, Sarah A.; Steinberg, Adam M.] Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Carter, Campbell D.; Peltier, Scott] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Hammack, Stephen; Lee, Tonghun] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Osborne, JR (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM josborne@utias.utoronto.ca; sramji@utias.utoronto.ca; campbell.carter@us.af.mil; scott.peltier.5@us.af.mil; shammac2@illinois.edu; tonghun@illinois.edu; adam.steinberg@utoronto.ca FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-13-1-0070]; NSERC [RGPIN 413232]; AFOSR [FA9550-14-1-0343] FX This work was sponsored by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant No. FA9550-13-1-0070, Project Monitor Dr. Chiping Li, and NSERC under Grant No. RGPIN 413232. Travel for Stephen Hammack was supported using AFOSR Grant FA9550-14-1-0343. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 EI 1432-1114 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD MAY PY 2016 VL 57 IS 5 AR 65 DI 10.1007/s00348-016-2151-7 PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA DM3XL UT WOS:000376279900005 ER PT J AU Loftis, AD Kelly, PJ Paddock, CD Blount, K Johnson, JW Gleim, ER Yabsley, MJ Levin, ML Beati, L AF Loftis, Amanda D. Kelly, Patrick J. Paddock, Christopher D. Blount, Keith Johnson, Jason W. Gleim, Elizabeth R. Yabsley, Michael J. Levin, Michael L. Beati, Lorenza TI Panola Mountain Ehrlichia in Amblyomma maculatum From the United States and Amblyomma variegatum (Acari: Ixodidae) From the Caribbean and Africa SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Africa; Amblyomma; Caribbean; Ehrlichia; tick ID TICK; RUMINANTIUM; INFECTION; USA; AMERICANUM; HISTORY; GEORGIA; FEVER AB Panola Mountain Ehrlichia (PME) has been suggested as an emerging pathogen of humans and dogs. Domestic goats and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are also susceptible and likely serve as reservoirs. Experimentally, both the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum (L.)) and the Gulf Coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum Koch) can transmit PME among deer and goats. In the current study, we detected PME in adult wild-caught A. maculatum from the United States and Amblyomma variegatum (F.) from the Caribbean and Africa. This significantly expands the range, potential tick vectors, and risk for exposure to PME. C1 [Loftis, Amanda D.; Kelly, Patrick J.] Ross Univ, Sch Vet Med, POB 334, Basseterre, St Kitts, St Kitts & Nevi. [Paddock, Christopher D.; Levin, Michael L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Blount, Keith] US Air Force Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Johnson, Jason W.] Lincoln Mem Univ, Coll Vet Med, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy, Harrogate, TN 37752 USA. [Gleim, Elizabeth R.; Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gleim, Elizabeth R.; Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Southeastern Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, 589 DW Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gleim, Elizabeth R.] Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr Ichauway, Newton, GA USA. [Beati, Lorenza] Georgia So Univ, US Natl Tick Collect, Georgia Ave Bldg 204,POB 8056, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RP Loftis, AD (reprint author), Ross Univ, Sch Vet Med, POB 334, Basseterre, St Kitts, St Kitts & Nevi. EM adloftis@gmail.com; PKelly@rossvet.edu.kn; cdp9@cdc.gov; keith.blount@usafa.edu; jason.johnson@LMUnet.edu; egleim@gmail.com; myabsley@uga.edu; msl3@cdc.gov; lorenzabeati@georgiasouthern.edu FU Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); USDA NIFA TSTAR program [2010-34135-21018]; NSF grant [DEB-NSF 1026146]; CDC/University of Georgia (UGA) [8212]; Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources (UGA); Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study (SCWDS) (UGA) through the Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act [50 Stat. 917]; Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study (SCWDS) (UGA) through the SCWDS sponsorship FX We would like to thank Jerome Goddard, Lance Durden, Kerry Clark, and the staff at the Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center for assistance with tick collecting; Helene Lucas, Jennifer Sidge, Floyd Revan, and Susyn Kelly, for their technical assistance; and Mike Connor for his advice and guidance to E. Gleim. Support was provided by an intramural grant from Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the USDA NIFA TSTAR program (2010-34135-21018). L. Beati was in part supported through NSF grant DEB-NSF 1026146. E. Gleim and M. Yabsley were funded by CDC/University of Georgia (UGA) collaborative grant 8212, the Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources (UGA), and the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study (SCWDS) (UGA) through the Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act (50 Stat. 917) and through SCWDS sponsorship from fish and wildlife agencies of member states. The findings and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 53 IS 3 BP 696 EP 698 DI 10.1093/jme/tjv240 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA DM6II UT WOS:000376454800031 PM 26744465 ER PT J AU Pakmehr, M Fitzgerald, N Feron, E Paduano, J Behbahani, A AF Pakmehr, Mehrdad Fitzgerald, Nathan Feron, Eric Paduano, James Behbahani, Alireza TI Physics-Based Dynamic Modeling of a Turboshaft Engine Driving a Variable Pitch Propeller SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID JET; PERFORMANCE AB A physics-based dynamic model of a twin-spool turboshaft engine that drives a variable pitch propeller is developed. The primary purpose for the development of this model is for researchers to use it to develop new engine control algorithms and study/predict off-design transient responses of gas turbine propulsion systems. In this model, the dynamics of the engine are defined to be the two spool speeds, and the control inputs are defined to be the fuel flow rate and the propeller pitch angle. Mockups of the turboshaft engine and the variable pitch propeller are developed using CAD software, and based on the mockups, a test stand for gas turbine engine static tests is developed. Experimental results are used to verify the dynamic model of the JetCat SPT5 turboshaft engine with a variable pitch propeller mounted on it. Based on experimental data, realistic performance maps of the engine components, including the high-pressure compressor, high-and low-pressure turbines, and variable pitch propeller are constructed and integrated in the model. The developed engine model is then validated with experimental results for various propeller pitch angles. The engine numerical model is implemented using MATLAB, and open-loop simulation results for large throttle commands are presented. C1 [Pakmehr, Mehrdad; Feron, Eric] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Fitzgerald, Nathan; Paduano, James] Aurora Flight Sci Corp, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Behbahani, Alireza] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pakmehr, M; Feron, E (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.; Fitzgerald, N; Paduano, J (reprint author), Aurora Flight Sci Corp, Manassas, VA 20110 USA.; Behbahani, A (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mehrdad.pakmehr@gatech.edu; nfitz@alum.mit.edu; feron@gatech.edu; jpaduano@aurora.aero; al.behbahani@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA9550-10-C-0039]; National Science Foundation [1135955] FX This material is based upon the work supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under contract FA9550-10-C-0039, and also the National Science Foundation under grant 1135955. Special thanks to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Gas Turbine Laboratory for providing the space for our experiments. The authors would also like to express their gratitude to the reviewers for providing insightful comments on the paper. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAY PY 2016 VL 32 IS 3 BP 646 EP 658 DI 10.2514/1.B35163 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DM9GH UT WOS:000376672600011 ER PT J AU Fotia, ML Schauer, F Kaemming, T Hoke, J AF Fotia, Matthew L. Schauer, Fred Kaemming, Tom Hoke, John TI Experimental Study of the Performance of a Rotating Detonation Engine with Nozzle SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID SELF-OSCILLATORY EJECTION; OXIDIZER; REGIME; AIR AB A rotating detonation engine is experimentally tested with various nozzle configurations for the purpose of measuring the propulsive performance of these devices in terms of thrust and specific impulse. Particular attention is given to comparing different internal nozzle configurations, which include bluff body, aerospike, and choked aerospike arrangements. The nozzle throat exit choke present in the rotating detonation engine exhaust is analyzed to provide insight into the stagnation pressure gain nature of the device. C1 [Fotia, Matthew L.] US Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RQTC, Natl Res Council, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schauer, Fred] US Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RQTC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kaemming, Tom; Hoke, John] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. RP Fotia, ML (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RQTC, Natl Res Council, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matt.fotia@gmail.com NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 18 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAY PY 2016 VL 32 IS 3 BP 674 EP 681 DI 10.2514/1.B35913 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DM9GH UT WOS:000376672600013 ER PT J AU Forbes, JA Williams, J Awad, AJ Tiger, M Anderson, B Finnan, R AF Forbes, Jonathan A. Williams, Jason Awad, Ahmed J. Tiger, Michael Anderson, Brett Finnan, Ryan TI Use of Intramedullary K-Wire to Enhance Fibular Graft Placement in 4-Level Thoracolumbar Corpectomy for Pott Disease: Case Report and Review of Literature SO WORLD NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Review DE Fibular autograft; Graft kickout; Pott disease; Thoracolumbar corpectomy ID SPINAL TUBERCULOSIS; POSTERIOR INSTRUMENTATION; RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS; ANTERIOR; MANAGEMENT; FUSION; DEBRIDEMENT; KYPHOSIS AB BACKGROUND: Reports of tuberculosis involving >= 4 contiguous spinal levels are rare. Surgery is often required in this population for neurological decompression and stabilization. These patients appear to be particularly predisposed to complications that include incomplete recovery of neurological function after decompression as well as post-treatment kyphosis. In settings with limited available instrumentation, reconstruction of the anterior column can be challenging. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 35-year-old woman presented with back pain, progressive weakness in her bilateral lower extremities, and inability to walk for 2 months. Imaging demonstrated anterior destruction of T10, T11, T12, and L1 with severe retropulsion and cord impingement at T11-T12. The patient was taken for anterolateral corpectomies of T10-L1 with decompression of the thoracic spinal cord and fibular strut autograft placement followed by a T8 to L3 posterior spinal fusion. An intramedullary Kirschner-wire (K-wire) was placed during the anterolateral procedure to enhance fibular graft placement and prevent dislodgement before definitive posterior fusion. CONCLUSIONS: At follow-up five-and-a-half months after the operation, the patient had recovered full strength and was ambulating without difficulty. Imaging at this time demonstrated stable restoration of alignment without graft dislodgement. Intramedullary fibular K-wire placement in this procedure helped to optimize anterior column reconstruction. The principles used in this report may prove beneficial to surgeons in developing countries who encounter pathology of this extent. C1 [Forbes, Jonathan A.] David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Neurol Surg, Travis AFB, CA USA. [Williams, Jason] David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, Travis AFB, CA USA. [Tiger, Michael] David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Travis AFB, CA USA. [Anderson, Brett] US Air Force Acad, Dept Orthoped Surg, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Finnan, Ryan] Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Awad, Ahmed J.] An Najah Natl Univ, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Nablus, Israel. RP Forbes, JA (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Neurol Surg, Travis AFB, CA USA. EM jonathan.a.forbes@gmail.com NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1878-8750 EI 1878-8769 J9 WORLD NEUROSURG JI World Neurosurg. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 89 BP 404 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.02.026 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA DM6GM UT WOS:000376448700055 PM 26875650 ER PT J AU Cycyota, CS Ferrante, CJ Schroeder, JM AF Cycyota, Cynthia S. Ferrante, Claudia J. Schroeder, Jessica M. TI Corporate social responsibility and employee volunteerism: What do the best companies do? SO BUSINESS HORIZONS LA English DT Article DE Corporate Social Responsibility; Employee volunteerism; Stakeholder engagement; Corporate reputation; Community involvement; Organizational Citizenship Behavior ID COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT; SUPPORT; CANADA; AGENDA; CSR AB Employee volunteerism as a practice of corporate social responsibility aids corporations by strengthening employee satisfaction and retention internally and by strengthening corporate reputations and connections with stakeholders externally. Of particular interest are the specific practices and procedures used by companies to encourage and support volunteer activities of their employees. We reviewed publicly available documents of Fortune's 100 Best Companies to Work For ranking to gain insight into how these best companies practice employee volunteerism and whether they link employee volunteerism to their corporate social responsibility strategy. We propose a connection of the position and importance of employee volunteerism in the corporate practices of social responsibility. Our findings suggest that many highly regarded companies specifically link employee volunteerism to their corporate social responsibility strategy. These companies also utilize similar practices to encourage and support employee volunteerism. We highlight the practices that managers could consider to support their corporate social responsibility efforts and offer several suggestions for future consideration. (C) 2016 Kelley School of Business, Indiana University. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cycyota, Cynthia S.; Ferrante, Claudia J.; Schroeder, Jessica M.] US Air Force Acad, HQ USAFA DFM, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6H-130, Usaf Acad, CO 80840 USA. RP Cycyota, CS (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, HQ USAFA DFM, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6H-130, Usaf Acad, CO 80840 USA. EM cynthia.cycyota@usafa.edu; claudia.ferrante@usafa.edu; jessica.schroeder@usafa.edu NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0007-6813 EI 1873-6068 J9 BUS HORIZONS JI Bus. Horiz. PD MAY-JUN PY 2016 VL 59 IS 3 BP 321 EP 329 DI 10.1016/j.bushor.2016.01.004 PG 9 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA DM2ZS UT WOS:000376217200010 ER PT J AU Tassev, VL Vangala, SR Peterson, RD Kimani, MM Snure, M Stites, RW Guha, S Slagle, JE Ensley, TR Syed, AA Markov, IV AF Tassev, Vladimir L. Vangala, Shivashankar R. Peterson, Rita D. Kimani, Martin M. Snure, Michael Stites, Ronald W. Guha, Shekhar Slagle, Jonathan E. Ensley, Trenton R. Syed, Akbar A. Markov, Ivan V. TI Heteroepitaxial growth of OPGaP on OPGaAs for frequency conversion in the IR and THz SO OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID GAP; GAAS; SUPERLATTICES; ABSORPTION; FILMS AB For the first time thick orientation-patterned GaP (OPGaP) was repeatedly grown heteroepitaxially on OPGaAs templates as a quasi-phase matched medium for frequency conversion in the mid and longwave IR, and THz regions. The OP templates were fabricated by wafer-bonding and in a MBE-assisted polarity inversion process. Standard low-pressure hydride vapor phase epitaxy (LP-HVPE) was used for one-step growth of up to 400 mu m thick device quality OPGaP with excellent domain fidelity. The presented results can be viewed as the missing link between a well-developed technique for preparation of OP templates, using one robust nonlinear optical material (GaAs), and the subsequent thick epitaxial growth on them of another material (GaP). The reason for these efforts is that the second material has some indisputable advantages in point of view of thermal and optical properties but the preparation of native templates encounters challenges, which makes it difficult to obtain high quality homoepitaxial growth at an affordable price. Successful heteroepitaxial growth at such a relatively high lattice mismatch (- 3.6%) in a close to equilibrium growth process such as HVPE is noteworthy, especially when previously reported attempts, for example, growth of OPZnSe on OPGaAs templates at about 10 times smaller lattice mismatch (+ 0.3%) have produced only limited results. Combining the advantages of the two most promising nonlinear materials, GaAs and GaP, is a solution that will accelerate the development of high power, tunable laser sources for the IR and THz region, which are in great demand on the market. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America. C1 [Tassev, Vladimir L.; Vangala, Shivashankar R.; Peterson, Rita D.; Kimani, Martin M.; Snure, Michael; Stites, Ronald W.; Guha, Shekhar; Slagle, Jonathan E.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vangala, Shivashankar R.] SURVICE Eng Co, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Kimani, Martin M.] WYLE, Aerosp Grp, 909 W Inyokern Rd Suite C, Ridgecrest, CA 93555 USA. [Ensley, Trenton R.; Syed, Akbar A.] Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Ensley, Trenton R.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Markov, Ivan V.] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, Sofia, Bulgaria. RP Tassev, VL (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM vladimir.tassev@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office for Scientific Research [13RY09COR] FX This research was supported by the Air Force Office for Scientific Research under funding 13RY09COR. The authors are very thankful to Prof. Eric Van Stryland and Prof. David Hagan from UCF for the part of the optical measurements conducted at CREOL. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2159-3930 J9 OPT MATER EXPRESS JI Opt. Mater. Express PD MAY 1 PY 2016 VL 6 IS 5 BP 1724 EP 1737 DI 10.1364/OME.6.001724 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA DM3JF UT WOS:000376242000033 ER PT J AU Snure, M Vangala, S Walker, D AF Snure, Michael Vangala, Shivashankar Walker, Dennis, Jr. TI Probing phonon and electrical anisotropy in black phosphorus for device alignment SO OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; PHOTORESPONSE; ORIENTATION; DEPENDENCE AB Black phosphorus has emerged as a promising two-dimensional semiconductor, which has a unique structure that is anisotropic in-plane. This structural anisotropy translates to some very interesting orientation dependent properties. In this paper we present directional characterization and analysis of the phonon and electrical properties in black phosphorus. Using polarization dependent Raman we show a simple method for estimating orientation. A complementary radially contacted field effect transistor (FET) was fabricated in order to measure orientation dependent electrical properties. Mobility and transconductance followed a sinusoidal like dependence on orientation with a 30% anisotropy. Correlating these results with Raman, we show how Raman methods might be used as a nondestructive technique to orient black phosphorus devices. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America. C1 [Snure, Michael; Vangala, Shivashankar; Walker, Dennis, Jr.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Vangala, Shivashankar] SURVICE Engn, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Snure, M (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.snure.1@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [16RYCOR331] FX The authors would like to thank Timothy Prusnick for his help. This work is funded by Air Force Office of Scientific Research under task number 16RYCOR331, Program Manager Dr. Kenneth Goretta. This support is gratefully acknowledged. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 19 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2159-3930 J9 OPT MATER EXPRESS JI Opt. Mater. Express PD MAY 1 PY 2016 VL 6 IS 5 BP 1751 EP 1756 DI 10.1364/OME.6.001751 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA DM3JF UT WOS:000376242000036 ER PT J AU Tiley, J Rice, T AF Tiley, Jaimie Rice, Thomas TI UNDERSTANDING THE AIR FORCE OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH GRANT PROCESS SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article C1 [Tiley, Jaimie] US Air Force, Res Lab, 2230 10th St, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Tiley, J (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, 2230 10th St, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM jaimie.tiley@us.af.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASM INT PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 EI 2161-9425 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 174 IS 5 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA DL6II UT WOS:000375742500010 ER PT J AU Chou, B Mirau, P Jiang, T Wang, SW Shea, KJ AF Chou, Beverly Mirau, Peter Jiang, Tian Wang, Szu-Wen Shea, Kenneth J. TI Tuning Hydrophobicity in Abiotic Affinity Reagents: Polymer Hydrogel Affinity Reagents for Molecules with Lipid-like Domains SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID HEPARIN-MIMICKING POLYMER; ENDOTOXIN REMOVAL; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; TOXIC PEPTIDE; GROWTH-FACTOR; NANOPARTICLES; PROTEINS; PURIFICATION; MICROGELS; RELEASE AB Hydrophobic interactions often dominate the associative forces between biomacromolecules. A synthetic affinity reagent must be able to exploit and optimize these interactions. We describe synthesis of abiotic affinity reagents that sequester biomacromolecules with lipid-like domains. NIPAm-based copolymer nanoparticles (NPs) containing C4-C8 hydrophobic groups were evaluated for their affinity for lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the lipophilic component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Optimal affinity was found for NPs incorporating a linear C4 hydrocarbon group. 1D and 2D H-1 NMR studies revealed that in water, the longer chain (C6 and C8) alkyl groups in the hydrogel NPs were engaged in intrachain association, rendering them less available to interact with LPS. Optimal LPS-NP interaction requires maximizing hydrophobicity, while avoiding side chain aggregation. Polymer compositions with high LPS binding were grafted onto agarose beads and evaluated for LPS clearance from solution; samples containing linear C4 groups also showed the highest LPS clearance capacity. C1 [Chou, Beverly; Shea, Kenneth J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Mirau, Peter] US Air Force, Air Force Mat Command, Air Force Res Lab, Soft Matter Mat Branch AFRL RXAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jiang, Tian; Wang, Szu-Wen] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Shea, KJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM kjshea@uci.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1308363] FX We wish to acknowledge the National Science Foundation (DMR-1308363) for financial support of this research. We would also like to acknowledge Dr. Gratton and the Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics (LFD) at the University of California, Irvine (UCI) for help with fluorescence polarization; the Laser Spectroscopy Facility (UCI); Richard Que for assistance with LCST curve fits; and Dr. Keiichi Yoshimatsu for helpful discussions. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 EI 1526-4602 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD MAY PY 2016 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1860 EP 1868 DI 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00296 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA DL8IU UT WOS:000375886500032 PM 27064286 ER PT J AU Meredith, LS Eisenman, DP Han, B Green, BL Kaltman, S Wong, EC Sorbero, M Vaughan, C Cassells, A Zatzick, D Diaz, C Hickey, S Kurz, JR Tobin, JN AF Meredith, Lisa S. Eisenman, David P. Han, Bing Green, Bonnie L. Kaltman, Stacey Wong, Eunice C. Sorbero, Melony Vaughan, Christine Cassells, Andrea Zatzick, Douglas Diaz, Claudia Hickey, Scot Kurz, Jeremy R. Tobin, Jonathan N. TI Impact of Collaborative Care for Underserved Patients with PTSD in Primary Care: a Randomized Controlled Trial SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE PTSD; primary care; community based interventions; mental health; medicaid ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; ABUSE SCREENING-TEST; ANXIETY DISORDERS; HEALTH CENTERS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; IMPROVE TREATMENT; CLINICAL-TRIAL; DEPRESSION; MANAGEMENT; PREVALENCE AB The effectiveness of collaborative care of mental health problems is clear for depression and growing but mixed for anxiety disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We know little about whether collaborative care can be effective in settings that serve low-income patients such as Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs). We compared the effectiveness of minimally enhanced usual care (MEU) versus collaborative care for PTSD with a care manager (PCM). This was a multi-site patient randomized controlled trial of PTSD care improvement over 1 year. We recruited and enrolled 404 patients in six FQHCs from June 2010 to October 2012. Patients were eligible if they had a primary care appointment, no obvious physical or cognitive obstacles to participation, were age 18-65 years, planned to continue care at the study location for 1 year, and met criteria for a past month diagnosis of PTSD. The main outcomes were PTSD diagnosis and symptom severity (range, 0-136) based on the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). Secondary outcomes were medication and counseling for mental health problems, and health-related quality of life assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Patients in both conditions improved similarly over the 1-year evaluation period. At 12 months, PTSD diagnoses had an absolute decrease of 56.7 % for PCM patients and 60.6 % for MEU patients. PTSD symptoms decreased by 26.8 and 24.2 points, respectively. MEU and PCM patients also did not differ in process of care outcomes or health-related quality of life. Patients who actually engaged in care management had mental health care visits that were 14 % higher (p < 0.01) and mental health medication prescription rates that were 15.2 % higher (p < 0.01) than patients with no engagement. A minimally enhanced usual care intervention was similarly effective as collaborative care for patients in FQHCs. C1 [Meredith, Lisa S.; Eisenman, David P.; Han, Bing; Wong, Eunice C.; Vaughan, Christine; Hickey, Scot] RAND Corp, 1776 Main St, Santa Monica, CA 90407 USA. [Meredith, Lisa S.] VA HSR&D Ctr Study Healthcare Innovat Implementat, Sepulveda, CA USA. [Eisenman, David P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med & Hlth Serv Res, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Green, Bonnie L.; Kaltman, Stacey] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Sorbero, Melony] RAND Corp, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Cassells, Andrea; Tobin, Jonathan N.] Clin Directors Network, New York, NY USA. [Zatzick, Douglas] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Harborview Injury Prevent & Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Diaz, Claudia] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Kurz, Jeremy R.] US Air Force, Esther, FL USA. [Tobin, Jonathan N.] Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, 1300 Morris Pk Ave, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Tobin, Jonathan N.] Rockefeller Univ, Ctr Clin & Translat Sci, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Meredith, LS (reprint author), RAND Corp, 1776 Main St, Santa Monica, CA 90407 USA. EM lisa_meredith@rand.org FU National Institute of Mental Health/NIMH [R01MH082768, R01MH082768-02S1, R01MH082768-04S1] FX This research was supported by a grant to Dr. Meredith from the National Institute of Mental Health/NIMH (R01MH082768, R01MH082768-02S1, R01MH082768-04S1). NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 EI 1525-1497 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 31 IS 5 BP 509 EP 517 DI 10.1007/s11606-016-3588-3 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA DJ8KO UT WOS:000374461400014 PM 26850413 ER PT J AU McKenzie, R Vlassopoulos, D AF McKenzie, Ruel Vlassopoulos, Dimitris TI Rheological diagnostic tools for state transitions SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMPLITUDE OSCILLATORY SHEAR; LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYMER; CROSS-LINKING POLYMER; PHASE-SEPARATION; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; POLY(VINYL METHYL-ETHER); MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DISORDER TRANSITION AB Thermodynamic or kinetic state transitions of six polymeric systems were probed using rheology in isothermal and nonisothermal isochronal experiments. The polymeric systems were representative of three different types of transitions: Gelation, macrophase separation, and order-disorder transitions. A phenomenological dimensionless parameter termed the relative elasticity, R, was found to be particularly sensitive to these transitions and was finitely bound by the viscous limit and the elastic limit with values of zero and one, respectively. In addition, the (time or temperature) derivative of R and tan delta (with delta being the phase angle) proved to be more sensitive to transitions as compared to the respective pure values. When compared to other methods found in literature, these new phenomenological protocols are found to be robust while providing a convenient and precise means of detecting transitions. Hence, they may complement existing methods, whereas they are beneficial to industrial or other systems exhibiting multiple transitions due to their high sensitivity. (C) 2016 The Society of Rheology. C1 [McKenzie, Ruel] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas FORTH, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, N Plastira 100, Iraklion 70013, Crete, Greece. [Vlassopoulos, Dimitris] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas FORTH, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, N Plastira 100, Iraklion 71103, Crete, Greece. [Vlassopoulos, Dimitris] Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2208, Iraklion 70013, Crete, Greece. [McKenzie, Ruel] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vlassopoulos, D (reprint author), Fdn Res & Technol Hellas FORTH, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, N Plastira 100, Iraklion 71103, Crete, Greece.; Vlassopoulos, D (reprint author), Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2208, Iraklion 70013, Crete, Greece. EM dvlasso@iesl.forth.gr FU Michelin FX This work was supported by Michelin. The authors would like to thank Sarah Joandel and Bernard Cantaloube for discussions and for providing the SBR samples and Salvatore Costanzo for providing data on the aqueous hydroxypropylcellulose system. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU JOURNAL RHEOLOGY AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0148-6055 J9 J RHEOL JI J. Rheol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2016 VL 60 IS 3 BP 367 EP 378 DI 10.1122/1.4943983 PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA DL8IZ UT WOS:000375887000002 ER PT J AU Ogle, AD Young, JA AF Ogle, Alan D. Young, James A. TI USAF Special Tactics Operator Combat Exposure and Psychological Stress SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PTSD; combat; deployment; special operations; stigma ID LARGE NONCLINICAL SAMPLE; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS; NORMATIVE DATA; DEPRESSION; DISORDER; SOLDIERS; HEALTH; SCALES; PREVALENCE; DEPLOYMENT AB Given the length of combat in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, and elsewhere, and the role special operations forces will continue to play, we believe it is imperative to gain understanding of the psychological "wear and tear" associated with sustained combat operations on these highly specialized, highly utilized personnel. This study focused on a seldom-studied group, Air Force Special Tactics (ST) operators, to assess combat exposure, current psychological stress, and preferences for support when needed. This study assessed symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, anxiety, sleep, anger, and perceptions of help seeking in 5 ST units. Data revealed that the majority of study participants report distress levels below clinical thresholds; however, 26% struggle with generalized stress/agitation and, at smaller percentages, other distress symptoms that have negative impact on work performance. Combat experiences were comparable or higher than Army and Marine maneuver forces, and greater amounts of exposure related to positive screening for a possible mental health disorder, generalized agitation, and posttraumatic symptoms; combat involving direct fighting and being in high-threat situations were also related to posttraumatic stress. Distress rates for Special Operations Weather personnel were higher. Attitudes toward mental health support were positive however, embedded assets were preferred over base clinic providers. We review these and other findings and offer suggestions for future research in this area. C1 [Ogle, Alan D.] 497th Intelligence Surveillance & Reconnaissance, Operat Med Element, Joint Base Langley Eusti, VA USA. [Young, James A.] 559th Med Grp, Mil Training Consult Serv, US Air Force Basic Mil Training, Joint Base San Antonio, TX USA. RP Ogle, AD (reprint author), 497 ISRG, 586 Weyland Dr, Langley AFB, VA 23665 USA. EM alan.ogle@us.af.mil FU 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright Patterson AFB, OH FX This study was supported in part by the 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright Patterson AFB, OH. The authors wish to acknowledge Dr. Lynn Caldwell for her review and input to this study. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 9 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0899-5605 EI 1532-7876 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 28 IS 3 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1037/mil0000121 PG 11 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA DL6ZL UT WOS:000375788500001 ER PT J AU Shaaban, AM Rezvani, M Tubay, M Elsayes, KM Woodward, PJ Menias, CO AF Shaaban, Akram M. Rezvani, Maryam Tubay, Marc Elsayes, Khaled M. Woodward, Paula J. Menias, Christine O. TI Fat-containing Retroperitoneal Lesions: Imaging Characteristics, Localization, and Differential Diagnosis SO RADIOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article ID RENAL-CELL CARCINOMA; RADIOLOGIC-PATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION; CHEMICAL-SHIFT MRI; MINIMAL FAT; EXTRAMEDULLARY HEMATOPOIESIS; EXTRAADRENAL PARAGANGLIOMAS; ADRENOCORTICAL CARCINOMA; ADRENAL ADENOMA; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; ADULT PATIENT AB The complex anatomy of the retroperitoneum is reflected in the spectrum of neoplastic and nonneoplastic conditions that can occur in the retroperitoneum and appear as soft-tissue masses. The presence of fat within a retroperitoneal lesion is helpful in refining the differential diagnosis. Fat is easily recognized because of its characteristic imaging appearance. It typically is hyperechoic at ultrasonography and demonstrates low attenuation at computed tomography (-10 to -100 HU). Magnetic resonance imaging is a more ideal imaging modality because it has better soft-tissue image contrast and higher sensitivity for depicting (a) microscopic fat by using chemical shift imaging and (b) macroscopic fat by using fat-suppression techniques. Whether a lesion arises from a retroperitoneal organ or from the soft tissues of the retroperitoneal space (primary lesion) is determined by examining the relationship between the lesion and its surrounding structures. Multiple imaging signs help to determine the organ of origin, including the "beak sign," the "embedded organ sign," the "phantom (invisible) organ sign," and the "prominent feeding artery sign." Adrenal adenoma is the most common adrenal mass that contains microscopic fat, while myelolipoma is the most common adrenal mass that contains macroscopic fat. Other adrenal masses, such as pheochromocytoma and adrenocortical carcinoma, rarely contain fat. Renal angiomyolipoma is the most common fat-containing renal mass. Other fat-containing renal lesions, such as lipoma and liposarcoma, are rare. Fatty replacement of the pancreas and pancreatic lipomas are relatively common, whereas pancreatic teratomas are rare. Of the primary retroperitoneal fat-containing lesions, lipoma and liposarcoma are common, while other lesions are relatively rare. (C) RSNA, 2016 C1 [Shaaban, Akram M.; Rezvani, Maryam; Woodward, Paula J.] Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, 30 North 1900 East,1A71, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. [Tubay, Marc] USAF Acad, US Air Force Acad Med Clin, Imaging Dept, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Elsayes, Khaled M.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Radiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Menias, Christine O.] Mayo Clin, Dept Radiol, Scottsdale, AZ USA. RP Shaaban, AM (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, 30 North 1900 East,1A71, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EM akram.shaaban@hsc.utah.edu FU Amirsys FX Activities related to the present article: disclosed no relevant relationships. Activities not related to the present article: royalties and consulting fees from Amirsys. Other activities: disclosed no relevant relationships. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0271-5333 J9 RADIOGRAPHICS JI Radiographics PD MAY-JUN PY 2016 VL 36 IS 3 BP 710 EP 734 DI 10.1148/rg.2016150149 PG 25 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA DL7AS UT WOS:000375791800006 PM 27163589 ER PT J AU Singleton, D Carter, C Pendleton, SJ Brophy, C Sinibaldi, J Luginsland, JW Brown, M Stockman, E Gundersen, MA AF Singleton, Daniel Carter, Campbell Pendleton, Scott J. Brophy, Christopher Sinibaldi, Jose Luginsland, John W. Brown, Michael Stockman, Emanuel Gundersen, Martin A. TI The effect of humidity on hydroxyl and ozone production by nanosecond discharges SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Non-equilibrium plasma; Nanosecond pulsed power; Transient plasma ignition; Planar laser induced florescence; Hydroxyl; Ozone ID TRANSIENT PLASMA; IGNITION; COMBUSTION; OXYGEN; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES; CHEMISTRY; QUIESCENT; MIXTURES AB The interplay of humidity and non-equilibrium, transient plasma was studied via ignition experiments in a C2H4-air mixture, concentration measurements in humid air, and detailed simulations. Hydroxyl (OH) and ozone (O-3) produced via non-equilibrium plasma were characterized in a flowing H2O-air mixture at atmospheric pressure with varying the levels of humidity using planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and UV absorption, respectively. The OH, which was created in the discharge streamers, peaked at a concentration of similar to 5x 10(14)/cm(3) and then decayed below 1 x 10(14)/cm(3) after similar to 100 mu s. O-3, which is long lived, peaked at a concentration of 1.4 x 10(15)/cm(3). An increase in humidity from X-H2O approximate to 0.2% to 1% resulted in a monotonic increase in the concentration of OH and a 67% decrease in that of O-3. Zero-dimensional Boltzmann modeling of non-equilibrium plasma discharges in humid air showed qualitative agreement with these results and points to the decrease in o concentration (with increasing humidity) as the reason for the decreased O-3 concentration. In spite the dramatic decline in X-O3 with increased humidity, there was no strong commensurate effect on ignition and flame propagation in C2H4-air mixtures: Peak pressure rise rate was at its maximum value at X-H2O = 1% but was only 25% less at X-H2O = 5%. (C) 2016 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Singleton, Daniel; Pendleton, Scott J.; Gundersen, Martin A.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Carter, Campbell; Brown, Michael] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Brophy, Christopher; Sinibaldi, Jose] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Luginsland, John W.] NumerEx, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Stockman, Emanuel] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Singleton, Daniel] Transient Plasma Syst, 1751 Torrance Blvd,Suite K, Torrance, CA 90501 USA. [Pendleton, Scott J.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Sinibaldi, Jose] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Luginsland, John W.] Air Force Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Singleton, D (reprint author), Transient Plasma Syst, 1751 Torrance Blvd,Suite K, Torrance, CA 90501 USA. EM dsinglet@usc.edu OI Singleton, Daniel/0000-0001-5052-4409; Sinibaldi, Jose/0000-0002-9871-0590; Stockman, Emanuel/0000-0002-4891-5184 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD MAY PY 2016 VL 167 BP 164 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.02.016 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DK3FQ UT WOS:000374802900013 ER PT J AU Schuette, ML Green, AJ Leedy, K Crespo, A Tetlak, SE Sutherlin, KA Jessen, GH AF Schuette, Michael L. Green, Andrew J. Leedy, Kevin Crespo, Antonio Tetlak, Stephen E. Sutherlin, Karynn A. Jessen, Gregg H. TI Ionic Metal-Oxide TFTs for Integrated Switching Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Cutoff frequency; dc switch; gate charge; ionic semiconductors; monolithic ICs; pulse measurements; RF switch; thin-film transistors (TFTs); zinc oxide ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; TRANSPARENT AB Disordered ionic-bonded transition metal oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) show promise for a variety of dc and RF switching applications, especially those that can leverage their low-temperature, substrate-agnostic process integration potential. In this paper, enhancement-mode zinc-oxide TFTs were fabricated and their switching performance evaluated. These TFTs exhibit the drain-current density of 0.6 A/mm and minimal frequency dispersion, as evidenced by dynamic current-voltage tests. A high-frequency power switch figure of merit R-ON Q(G) of 359 m Omega . nC was experimentally determined for 0.75-mu m long-channel devices, and through scaling 45.9 m Omega . nC is achievable for 11 V-rated devices (where R-ON is ON-state drain-source resistance, and Q(G) is gate charge). An RF switch cutoff frequency f(c) of 25 GHz was measured for the same 0.75-mu m TFT, whereas f(c) exceeding 500 GHz and power handling in the tens of watts are projected with optimization. C1 [Schuette, Michael L.; Green, Andrew J.; Leedy, Kevin; Crespo, Antonio; Tetlak, Stephen E.; Sutherlin, Karynn A.; Jessen, Gregg H.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Aerosp Components Div,Devices Sensing Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schuette, ML; Green, AJ; Leedy, K; Crespo, A; Tetlak, SE; Sutherlin, KA; Jessen, GH (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Aerosp Components Div,Devices Sensing Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.schuette.1@us.af.mil; andrew.green.16.ctr@us.af.mil; kevin.leedy@us.af.mil; antonio.crespo@us.af.mil; stephen.tetlak@us.af.mil; karynn.sutherlin@us.af.mil; gregg.jessen@us.af.mil FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency FX This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD MAY PY 2016 VL 63 IS 5 BP 1921 EP 1927 DI 10.1109/TED.2016.2544200 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA DK6BA UT WOS:000375004500019 ER PT J AU Parthasarathy, TA Przybyla, CP Hay, RS Cinibulk, MK AF Parthasarathy, Triplicane A. Przybyla, Craig P. Hay, Randall S. Cinibulk, Michael K. TI Modeling Environmental Degradation of SiC-Based Fibers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE FIBER; LOW-OXYGEN-CONTENT; HI-NICALON; OXIDATION-KINETICS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; THERMAL-STABILITY; WATER-VAPOR; PASSIVE-OXIDATION; MATRIX COMPOSITE; TENSILE-STRENGTH AB Experimental data on grain growth and oxidation kinetics of SiC-based fibers, as well as the accompanying strength degradation, in argon, air, and moist air are interpreted using a mechanistic model. The grain growth from thermal history is modeled using conventional models, and its influence on strength is modeled assuming that the flaw size scales with grain size. The model for fiber oxidation uses available relevant thermodynamic and kinetic data for reactions, vapor pressures, oxygen permeation, and boundary layer effects to capture scale thickness data reported by several prior works, in static or flowing air, moist air, and steam. The effect of the oxide scale on strength was modeled assuming that the flaw size scaled with scale thickness. The resulting model is compared with experimental data and is shown to capture most of the data in the literature on degradation of HiNicalon and HiNicalon type S fibers. C1 [Parthasarathy, Triplicane A.; Przybyla, Craig P.; Hay, Randall S.; Cinibulk, Michael K.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Parthasarathy, Triplicane A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM Triplicane.Parthasarathy.ctr@us.af.mil FU Teledyne Scientific; USAF Contract [FA8650-10-D-5226]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [14RX06COR] FX One of the authors (TAP) acknowledges useful discussions with Dr. Brian Cox and Dr. Dave Marshall, and partial financial support from Teledyne Scientific. Useful discussions with Dr. J. DiCarlo of NASA(Glenn) are also acknowledged. This work was supported by USAF Contract # FA8650-10-D-5226, which was funded in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, task # 14RX06COR with Dr. David Stargel as the program manager. The authors thank the reviewers for valuable suggestions. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 99 IS 5 BP 1725 EP 1734 DI 10.1111/jace.14086 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA DK4AL UT WOS:000374858500035 ER PT J AU Wrzesinski, PJ Stauffer, HU Schmidt, JB Roy, S Gord, JR AF Wrzesinski, Paul J. Stauffer, Hans U. Schmidt, Jacob B. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. TI Single-shot thermometry and OH detection via femtosecond fully resonant electronically enhanced CARS (FREE-CARS) SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STOKES-RAMAN-SCATTERING; FLAME THERMOMETRY; GAS-PHASE; DEGENERATE; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE AB Femtosecond time-resolved, fully resonant electronically enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (FREE-CARS) spectroscopy, incorporating a two-color excitation scheme, is used to demonstrate selective and sensitive gas-phase detection of the hydroxyl (OH) radical in a reacting flow. Spectral resolution of the emitted FREE-CARS signal allows simultaneous detection of temperature and relative OH mole fraction under single-laser-shot conditions in a laminar ethylene-air flame. By comparison to previously reported OH concentration and temperature measurements, we demonstrate excellent single-shot temperature accuracies (similar to 2% deviation from adiabatic flame temperature) and precisions (similar to 2% standard deviation), with simultaneous relative OH concentration measurements that demonstrate high detection sensitivity (100-300 ppm). C1 [Wrzesinski, Paul J.; Gord, James R.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stauffer, Hans U.; Schmidt, Jacob B.; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Stauffer, HU (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM hans.stauffer@gmail.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8650-15-D-2518]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [LRIR: 14RQ06COR, LRIR: 15RQCOR202] FX Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) (FA8650-15-D-2518); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (LRIR: 14RQ06COR, LRIR: 15RQCOR202). NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 9 BP 2021 EP 2024 DI 10.1364/OL.41.002021 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA DK6ZH UT WOS:000375073900032 PM 27128064 ER PT J AU Larkin, SP AF Larkin, Sean P. TI The Age of Transparency International Relations Without Secrets SO FOREIGN AFFAIRS LA English DT Article C1 [Larkin, Sean P.] Council Foreign Relat, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Larkin, Sean P.] US Air Force, Randolph AFB, TX 78150 USA. [Larkin, Sean P.] US Air Force Headquarters, Randolph AFB, TX USA. RP Larkin, SP (reprint author), Council Foreign Relat, New York, NY 10065 USA.; Larkin, SP (reprint author), US Air Force, Randolph AFB, TX 78150 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU COUNCIL FOREIGN RELAT IONS INC PI NEW YORK PA HAROLD PRATT HOUSE, 58 E 68TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10065 USA SN 0015-7120 J9 FOREIGN AFF JI Foreign Aff. PD MAY-JUN PY 2016 VL 95 IS 3 BP 136 EP 146 PG 11 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA DJ4TT UT WOS:000374201600015 ER PT J AU Murphy, N AF Murphy, Neil TI Untitled SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Murphy, Neil] Air Force Res Lab, Opt & Photon, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Murphy, N (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Opt & Photon, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0142-2421 EI 1096-9918 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 48 IS 5 BP 248 EP 248 DI 10.1002/sia.5880 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA DJ1AQ UT WOS:000373935900002 ER PT J AU Fickus, M Marks, JD Poteet, MJ AF Fickus, Matthew Marks, Justin D. Poteet, Miriam J. TI A generalized Schur-Horn theorem and optimal frame completions SO APPLIED AND COMPUTATIONAL HARMONIC ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Schur-Horn; Frame ID TIGHT FRAMES; OPTIMAL SEQUENCES; PRESCRIBED NORMS; SPECTRUM; MATRICES; MAJORIZATION; EIGENVALUES; GENERATION; EXPANSIONS; ALGORITHMS AB The Schur-Horn theorem is a classical result in matrix analysis which characterizes the existence of positive semidefinite matrices with a given diagonal and spectrum. In recent years, this theorem has been used to characterize the existence of finite frames whose elements have given lengths and whose frame operator has a given spectrum. We provide a new generalization of the Schur-Horn theorem which characterizes the spectra of all possible finite frame completions. That is, we characterize the spectra of the frame operators of the finite frames obtained by adding new vectors of given lengths to an existing frame. We then exploit this characterization to give a new and simple algorithm for computing the optimal such completion. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Fickus, Matthew; Poteet, Miriam J.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Marks, Justin D.] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Math, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. RP Fickus, M (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Matthew.Fickus@gmail.com FU NSF [DMS 1042701, DMS 1321779] FX We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their many helpful comments and suggestions. This work was partially supported by NSF DMS 1042701 and NSF DMS 1321779. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1063-5203 EI 1096-603X J9 APPL COMPUT HARMON A JI Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 40 IS 3 BP 505 EP 528 DI 10.1016/j.acha.2015.03.004 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA DH4PF UT WOS:000372767200003 ER PT J AU Scheible, M Just, R Sturk-Andreaggi, K Saunier, J Parson, W Parsons, T Coble, M Irwin, J AF Scheible, M. Just, R. Sturk-Andreaggi, K. Saunier, J. Parson, W. Parsons, T. Coble, M. Irwin, J. TI The mitochondrial landscape of African Americans: An examination of more than 2500 control region haplotypes from 22 US locations SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Mitochondrial DNA; Control region; African American ID GENETIC POPULATION-DATA; UNITED-STATES; HIGH-QUALITY; DNA; ANCESTRY; SEQUENCES; ADMIXTURE; GUIDELINES; PUBLICATION; PROPORTIONS AB The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (16024-576) was Sanger-sequenced for a total of 2563 self-identified African Americans, using automated processing techniques and data review standards exceeding guidelines for forensic applications. Genetic diversity ranged from 0.9952 to 0.9998 in 22 population samples from 20 different states. Haplogroups of African ancestry, found in 82.48% of individuals overall, were most concentrated in the Southeast U.S. and decreased to the north and west. West African and West Central African haplotypes were well-represented in the population samples, especially in the southern U.S. states, while East African haplogroups were observed in low-frequency clusters in a handful of locations across the country. East Asian, Native American, and West Eurasian admixture was present in 3.16%, 2.93%, and 11.43% of samples, respectively. While some geographic substructure was detected across the population samples as clines in admixture frequencies, 20 of the 22 population samples were found to be statistically indistinguishable by pairwise comparisons and AMOVA calculations. Datasets from Hawaii and Idaho, however, were clear outliers. Overall, these more than 2500 control region sequences represent the most comprehensive regional sampling of African American mtDNA diversity to date, and are suitable for use in a forensic mtDNA database. The population data are made available via EMPOP (www.empop.org) and GenBank. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Scheible, M.; Just, R.; Sturk-Andreaggi, K.; Saunier, J.; Parsons, T.; Coble, M.; Irwin, J.] Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, 115 Purple Heart Dr, Dover AFB, DE 19902 USA. [Scheible, M.; Just, R.; Sturk-Andreaggi, K.; Saunier, J.; Parsons, T.; Coble, M.; Irwin, J.] Amer Registry Pathol, 9210 Corp Blvd,Suite 120, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Parson, W.] Med Univ Innsbruck, Inst Legal Med, Mullerstr 44, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Parson, W.; Parsons, T.] Penn State Eberly Coll Sci, 517 Thomas Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Scheible, M.] N Carolina State Univ, Forens Sci Inst, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Scheible, M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Just, R.; Irwin, J.] Fed Bur Invest Acad, 2501 Invest Pkwy, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. [Parsons, T.] Int Commiss Missing Persons, Alipasina 45A, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia & Herceg. [Coble, M.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,M-S 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scheible, M; Sturk-Andreaggi, K (reprint author), Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, 115 Purple Heart Dr, Dover AFB, DE 19902 USA.; Scheible, M; Sturk-Andreaggi, K (reprint author), Amer Registry Pathol, 9210 Corp Blvd,Suite 120, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.; Scheible, M (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Forens Sci Inst, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA.; Scheible, M (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM mkscheib@ncsu.edu; kimberly.s.andreaggi.ctr@mail.mil FU National Institute of Justice [2005-DN-R-086] FX The authors would like to thank the Emerging Technologies Section, past and present, especially Toni Diegoli, Elizabeth Lyons, Katharine Strouss, Joanne Lee, Amanda Lehrmann, Kyla Harris, Brittany Box, Leslie Mounkes, Erin Gorden, Rachel Kinsel, Morgan Falk, Naila Bhatri (AFDIL) for data generation, analysis and review; Odile Loreille for ongoing support and fruitful discussion; Charla Marshall (AFDIL) for assistance with analyses; Liane Fendt, Theresa Harm, Gabriela Huber, Simone Nagl, Daniela Niederwieser, Alexander Rock, Christina Strobl, and Bettina Zimmermann (EMPOP, University of Innsbruck, Austria) for data analysis and assistance with database confirmation; an anonymous reviewer and John Buckleton for manuscript review and feedback; James Canik, Lanelle Chisolm, Brion Smith, COL Louis Finelli, CAPT Edward Reedy, Lt Col Laura Regan, Timothy McMahon, James Ross, Jon Norris, the American Registry of Pathology and the Armed Forces Medical Examiner System for logistical, administrative, and technical support; and the National Institute of Justice (InterAgency Agreement 2005-DN-R-086) for funding. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 22 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.01.002 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA DH3WX UT WOS:000372718600026 PM 26919661 ER PT J AU Guina, J Welton, RS Broderick, PJ Correll, TL Peirson, RP AF Guina, Jeffrey Welton, Randon S. Broderick, Pamela J. Correll, Terry L. Peirson, Ryan P. TI DSM-5 Criteria and Its Implications for Diagnosing PTSD in Military Service Members and Veterans SO CURRENT PSYCHIATRY REPORTS LA English DT Review DE PTSD; Stress disorder; DSM-5; Military; Combat; Occupational psychiatry ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; FORCE DRONE OPERATORS; COMBAT VETERANS; CHILDHOOD TRAUMA; WAR VETERANS; HEALTH-CARE; PREVALENCE; SYMPTOMS; IRAQ; COMPENSATION AB This review addresses how changes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) criteria has the potential to affect the care and careers of those who have served in the military, where the diagnosis often determines fitness for duty and veterans' benefits. PTSD criteria changes were intended to integrate new knowledge acquired since previous DSM editions. Many believe the changes will improve diagnosis and treatment, but some worry these could have negative clinical, occupational, and legal consequences. We analyze the changes in classification, trauma definition, symptoms, symptom clusters, and subtypes and possible impacts on the military (e.g., over-and under-diagnosis, "drone" video exposure, subthreshold PTSD, and secondary PTSD). We also discuss critiques and proposals for future changes. Our objectives are to improve the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of those service members who have survived trauma and to improve policies related to the military mental healthcare and disability systems. C1 [Guina, Jeffrey; Broderick, Pamela J.] Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Mental Hlth Clin, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Guina, Jeffrey; Welton, Randon S.; Broderick, Pamela J.; Correll, Terry L.; Peirson, Ryan P.] Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, 627 S Edwin C Moses Blvd, Dayton, OH 45417 USA. [Correll, Terry L.; Peirson, Ryan P.] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Aeromed Consultat Serv, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Guina, J (reprint author), Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Mental Hlth Clin, Dayton, OH 45433 USA.; Guina, J (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, 627 S Edwin C Moses Blvd, Dayton, OH 45417 USA. EM jeffrey.guina@wright.edu; randon.welton@wright.edu; pamela.broderick@wright.edu; terry.correll@wright.edu; ryan.peirson@wright.edu NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1523-3812 EI 1535-1645 J9 CURR PSYCHIAT REP JI Curr. Psychiatry Rep. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 18 IS 5 AR 43 DI 10.1007/s11920-016-0686-1 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA DH1LJ UT WOS:000372545200007 PM 26971499 ER PT J AU Alarcon, GM Lyons, JB Christensen, JC AF Alarcon, Gene M. Lyons, Joseph B. Christensen, James C. TI The effect of propensity to trust and familiarity on perceptions of trustworthiness over time SO PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES LA English DT Article DE Trust; Trustworthiness; Latent growth modeling; Multiple models ID MEASUREMENT INVARIANCE; ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST; INTERPERSONAL-TRUST; PERFORMANCE; PERSPECTIVES; EXPECTATIONS; JUSTICE; IMPACT AB Research on trust has burgeoned in the last two decades. Despite the growing interest in trust, little is known about the differences in trust between familiar and unfamiliar interactions. The current empirical study explored propensity to trust as predictors of trustworthiness over time in familiar and unfamiliar dyads. Utilizing latent growth modeling we found propensity to trust was related to initial perceptions of trustworthiness in unfamiliar pairs but not in familiar pairs. In addition, familiarity was related to initial perceptions of trustworthiness, but familiarity only influenced the change in integrity. However, there were significant differences in change variances between familiar and unfamiliar pairs. Implications of the findings are also discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Alarcon, Gene M.; Lyons, Joseph B.; Christensen, James C.] Air Force Res Lab, 2215 First St,Bldg 33, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Alarcon, GM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 2215 First St,Bldg 33, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Gene.alarcon.1@us.af.mil FU Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI); Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) via Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to acknowledge Justin Estepp, Margaret Bowers, and Samantha Klosterman for their contributions to the setup, conduct, and data analysis for this study. The research is based upon work supported by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), via the Air Force Research Laboratory. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the ODNI, IARPA, or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright annotation thereon. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8869 J9 PERS INDIV DIFFER JI Pers. Individ. Differ. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 94 BP 309 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.031 PG 7 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA DG2YN UT WOS:000371936800050 ER PT J AU Poutrina, E Urbas, A AF Poutrina, Ekaterina Urbas, Augustine TI Multipolar interference for non-reciprocal nonlinear generation SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL DIODE; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; 3RD-HARMONIC GENERATION; SILICON NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SCATTERING; ENHANCEMENT; RECIPROCITY; RESONATORS; ARRAYS AB We show that nonlinear multipolar interference allows achieving not only unidirectional, but also non-reciprocal nonlinear generation from a nanoelement, with the direction of the produced light decoupled from the direction of at least one of the excitation beams. Alternatively, it may allow inhibiting the specified nonlinear response in a nanoelement or in its periodic arrangement by reversing the direction of one of the pumps. These general phenomena exploit the fact that, contrary to the linear response case, nonlinear magneto-electric interference stems from a combination of additive and multiplicative processes and includes an interference between various terms within the electric and magnetic partial waves themselves. We demonstrate the introduced concept numerically using an example of a plasmonic dimer geometry with realistic material parameters. C1 [Poutrina, Ekaterina; Urbas, Augustine] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Poutrina, Ekaterina] Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Poutrina, E (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Poutrina, E (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM ekaterina.poutrina.ctr.ru@us.af.mil NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD APR 29 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 25113 DI 10.1038/srep25113 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DK8MF UT WOS:000375180100001 PM 27126209 ER PT J AU Mohan, AT Gaitonde, DV Visbal, MR AF Mohan, Arvind T. Gaitonde, Datta V. Visbal, Miguel R. TI Model reduction and analysis of deep dynamic stall on a plunging airfoil SO COMPUTERS & FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE Dynamic stall; Dynamic Mode Decomposition; Proper Orthogonal Decomposition; LES; Model reduction ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; SEPARATION CONTROL; FLOW-ANALYSIS; JET; POD; ACTUATORS; ALGORITHM; WAKE AB The ability to generate massive amounts of high-resolution data, both experimentally and computationally, has led to a surge of interest in mathematical model reduction using modal decomposition algorithms. When applied to complex unsteady flows, different techniques highlight different flow dynamics which are difficult to extract directly from large datasets. A widely used technique is Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) which ranks modes by their relative energy content. A newer method, Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD), focuses on rates of growth of different modes, thus retaining temporal information pertinent to dynamic events which dominate highly transient flows. In this paper, we employ these techniques, with emphasis on DMD, to analyze flow past an SD7003 airfoil undergoing periodic plunging motion representative of small unmanned vehicles. Snapshots are obtained from a high-fidelity, experimentally validated Large-Eddy Simulation (LES). The stability characteristics of DMD modes show that the flow structure associated with the leading edge vortex (LEV) in dynamic stall is unstable. The influence of DMD modes in local regions of the flow provide insight into which flow frequencies may be targeted by leading edge actuators to have maximum impact in controlling the unstable flow structures inducing stall. Dominant POD modes, each of which can have multiple frequency components, are shown to be comprised primarily of the dominant DMD mode contributions. A practical framework is introduced to identify components of a global flow structure across different velocity components. The method is shown to successfully reproduce the global flow structure. A few dominant DMD modes are used to reconstruct the flow near the leading edge, where rapid changes occur during parts of the plunging cycle and the ability of individual probe to provide insight into global phenomena is assessed. Finally, a stability analysis of each mode is performed to identify flow instabilities near the leading edge. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mohan, Arvind T.; Gaitonde, Datta V.] Ohio State Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Visbal, Miguel R.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mohan, AT (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM mohan.69@osu.edu FU AFRL Collaborative Center for Aeronautical Sciences; AFOSR FX This work was supported by the AFRL Collaborative Center for Aeronautical Sciences. The LES of the plunging wing was per formed by MV under the sponsorship of AFOSR (Monitor: Dr. Douglas Smith). The simulations were carried out using resources provided by the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program and Ohio Supercomputer Center. Several figures were made using Fieldview software with licenses obtained from the Intelligent Light University Partnership Program. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7930 EI 1879-0747 J9 COMPUT FLUIDS JI Comput. Fluids PD APR 28 PY 2016 VL 129 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.compfluid.2016.01.017 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Mechanics GA DK0OW UT WOS:000374613100001 ER PT J AU Tiley, JS Mahaffey, DW Alam, T Rojhirunsakool, T Senkov, O Parthasarthy, T Banerjee, R AF Tiley, J. S. Mahaffey, D. W. Alam, T. Rojhirunsakool, T. Senkov, O. Parthasarthy, T. Banerjee, R. TI Strengthening mechanisms in an inertia friction welded nickel-base superalloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Inertia friction welding; Precipitation; Nickel based superalloys; Hardness measurement; Strength modeling; Atom probe tomography ID NI-BASED SUPERALLOYS; PART II; IN718 AB This research investigated the strengthening mechanisms associated with the as-welded microstructure developed during inertia friction welding of dissimilar superalloys LHSR and Mar-M247. The weld interface and heat affected regions of the sample were analyzed using hardness indentation techniques and subsequently characterized using SEM, TEM and advanced atom probe tomography. The yield strength of the welded joint was modeled to determine the impact of the gradients in the as-welded microstructure on strengthening mechanisms within the LSHR material. Characterization centered on formation of gamma', gamma grain size and chemical segregation within the heat affected regions. Results indicate an increased hardness in the vicinity of the weld interface, resulting from the refined dispersion of gamma' and gamma grains. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tiley, J. S.; Mahaffey, D. W.; Senkov, O.; Parthasarthy, T.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Alam, T.; Rojhirunsakool, T.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Senkov, O.; Parthasarthy, T.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Tiley, JS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jaimie.Tiley@us.af.mil OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X FU Metals Processing program at the Air Force Research Laboratory; Institute for Science and Engineering Simulation (ISES) at the University of North Texas (AFRL) [FA8650-08-C-5226]; AF [FA8650-15-D-5230] FX This project was supported by the Metals Processing program at the Air Force Research Laboratory, and the Institute for Science and Engineering Simulation (ISES) at the University of North Texas (AFRL Contract number FA8650-08-C-5226). Work by ONS and TP was supported through the AF on-site contract number FA8650-15-D-5230 conducted by UES, Inc., Dayton, OH. Additional characterization support was provided by the Center for Advanced Research and Technology (CART) at the University of North Texas, and by the Center for Accelerated Maturation of Materials (CAMM) at the Ohio State University. The authors are also grateful for guidance and technical support provided by Tim Gabb at the NASA Glenn Research Laboratory. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD APR 26 PY 2016 VL 662 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2016.03.030 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DK8GD UT WOS:000375164300004 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ Adams, SF AF Jiao, C. Q. Adams, S. F. TI Ion chemistries in triethylborane SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Triethylborane (TEB); Electron ionization; Ion-molecule reactions ID ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; CROSS-SECTIONS AB The absolute total and partial cross sections of electron ionization on triethylborane (TEB) are measured in an electron energy range of 6.6-200 eV. The total cross section reaches a maximum of 2.2 x 10(-15) cm(2) in 65-85 eV energy region. Product ions from the electron ionization include C2H2-5+, BCH4+, EC2H2,4,6+, BC3H4,6+, BC4H8,10+ and BC6H15+, among which BC6H15+,BC4H10+ and BC2F16+ are the most abundant ions. Gas-phase reactions between TEB and certain major ions from the electron ionization of TEB are studied. Common products from the ion-molecule reactions are BC4H10+ and BC2H6+, as well as association products for certain heavy-ion reactions. The mechanisms of forming BC4H10+ and BC2H6+ in ion-molecule reactions are believed to be simple ethide transfer and ethide transfer followed by dissociation (loss of C2H4), respectively. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jiao, C. Q.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Adams, S. F.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Adams, SF (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.adams.11@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Aerospace Systems Directorate AFRL FX The authors thank Dr. Alan Garscadden for his advice on studying TEB, the Aerospace Systems Directorate AFRL, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for their support. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 EI 1873-2798 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD APR 25 PY 2016 VL 401 BP 11 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2016.02.011 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA DL6HF UT WOS:000375739600002 ER PT J AU Glavin, NR Muratore, C Jespersen, ML Hu, JJ Hagerty, PT Hilton, A Blake, AT Grabowski, CA Durstock, MF McConney, ME Hilgefort, DM Fisher, TS Voevodin, AA AF Glavin, Nicholas R. Muratore, Christopher Jespersen, Michael L. Hu, Jianjun Hagerty, Phillip T. Hilton, Al M. Blake, Austin T. Grabowski, Christopher A. Durstock, Michael F. McConney, Michael E. Hilgefort, Drew M. Fisher, Timothy S. Voevodin, Andrey A. TI Amorphous Boron Nitride: A Universal, Ultrathin Dielectric For 2D Nanoelectronics SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; H-BN; THIN-FILM; FEW-LAYER; MONOLAYER; DEVICES; FOIL AB Next-generation nanoelectronics based on 2D materials ideally will require reliable, flexible, transparent, and versatile dielectrics for transistor gate barriers, environmental passivation layers, capacitor spacers, and other device elements. Ultrathin amorphous boron nitride of thicknesses from 2 to 17 nm, described in this work, may offer these attributes, as the material is demonstrated to be universal in structure and stoichiometric chemistry on numerous substrates including flexible polydimethylsiloxane, amorphous silicon dioxide, crystalline Al2O3, other 2D materials including graphene, 2D MoS2, and conducting metals and metal foils. The versatile, large area pulsed laser deposition growth technique is performed at temperatures less than 200 degrees C and without modifying processing conditions, allowing for seamless integration into 2D device architectures. A device-scale dielectric constant of 5.9 +/- 0.65 at 1 kHz, breakdown voltage of 9.8 +/- 1.0 MV cm(-1), and bandgap of 4.5 eV were measured for various thicknesses of the ultrathin a-BN material, representing values higher than previously reported chemical vapor deposited h-BN and nearing single crystal h-BN. C1 [Glavin, Nicholas R.; Jespersen, Michael L.; Hu, Jianjun; Hagerty, Phillip T.; Hilton, Al M.; Blake, Austin T.; Grabowski, Christopher A.; Durstock, Michael F.; McConney, Michael E.; Hilgefort, Drew M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Glavin, Nicholas R.; Fisher, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Glavin, Nicholas R.; Fisher, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Muratore, Christopher] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. [Jespersen, Michael L.; Hu, Jianjun; Hagerty, Phillip T.; Hilgefort, Drew M.] Univ Dayton, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. [Hilton, Al M.] Wyle Labs, Dayton, OH 43433 USA. [Grabowski, Christopher A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Voevodin, Andrey A.] Univ N Texas, Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Glavin, NR (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Glavin, NR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.; Glavin, NR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Nicholas.Glavin.1@us.af.mil RI Fisher, Timothy/D-8517-2011 OI Fisher, Timothy/0000-0002-8909-313X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research Aerospace Materials for Extreme Environments [14RX13COR]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research Complex Materials and Devices program [15RXCOR184]; US National Science Foundation [1344654] FX The authors thank the support of Arthur Safriet, Travis Shelton, and John Bultman of University of Dayton Research Institute, as well as Rachel Naguy from SOCHE Laboratories. Assistance from Zach Bunning at the Air Force Research Laboratory with help in illustration generation is greatly appreciated. Financial support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Aerospace Materials for Extreme Environments (14RX13COR) and Complex Materials and Devices programs (15RXCOR184) is gratefully acknowledged. T.S.F. thanks the US National Science Foundation for support through its Scalable Nanomanufacturing Program (Grant: 1344654). NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 39 U2 77 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD APR 25 PY 2016 VL 26 IS 16 BP 2640 EP 2647 DI 10.1002/adfm.201505455 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DK7SF UT WOS:000375125300005 ER PT J AU Pustovit, VN Urbas, AM Chipouline, AV Shahbazyan, TV AF Pustovit, Vitaliy N. Urbas, Augustine M. Chipouline, Arkadi V. Shahbazyan, Tigran V. TI Coulomb and quenching effects in small nanoparticle-based spasers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MOLECULE FLUORESCENCE; METAL-ENHANCED FLUORESCENCE; PLASMONIC NANOCAVITY ARRAYS; QUANTUM DOTS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; EMISSION; NANOSTRUCTURES; SUPERRADIANCE; FLUOROPHORES; LUMINESCENCE AB We study numerically the effect of mode mixing and direct dipole-dipole interactions between gain molecules on spasing in small composite nanoparticles with a metallic core and a dye-doped dielectric shell. By combining Maxwell-Bloch equations with Green's function formalism, we calculate lasing frequency and threshold population inversion for various gain densities in the shell. We find that gain coupling to nonresonant plasmon modes has a negligible effect on spasing threshold. In contrast, the direct dipole-dipole coupling, by causing random shifts of gain molecules' excitation frequencies, hinders reaching the spasing threshold in small systems. We identify a region of parameter space in which spasing can occur considering these effects. C1 [Pustovit, Vitaliy N.; Urbas, Augustine M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chipouline, Arkadi V.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Microelectrotech & Photon, Merckstr 25, D-64283 Darmstadt, Germany. [Shahbazyan, Tigran V.] Jackson State Univ, Dept Phys, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. RP Pustovit, VN (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Applied Metamaterials Program; NSF [DMR-1206975, HRD-1547754] FX This research was performed while the first author held a NRC Research Associateship Programs (USA) Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. This work was also supported by the AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Applied Metamaterials Program. Work at JSU was supported in part by NSF Grants No. DMR-1206975 and No. HRD-1547754. NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 25 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 16 AR 165432 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.165432 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DK5HF UT WOS:000374950300014 ER PT J AU Parthasarathy, TA Porter, WJ Buchanan, DJ John, R AF Parthasarathy, T. A. Porter, W. J. Buchanan, D. J. John, R. TI Development of a microstructure-sensitive design tool for high temperature strain rate sensitive flow stress of IN100 Ni-base superalloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Design tool; High temperature; Strain-rate sensitive; Flow stress; IN100 ID ORDERING KINETICS; ALLOYS; NI3AL; INTERMETALLICS; BOUNDARIES; SIMULATION; ENERGY AB A physics based microstructure-sensitive design tool that predicts the flow stress of an IN100 superalloy as a function of temperature and strain rate was developed. The model calibration/validation included new experimental data of strain-rate sensitive high temperature flow stress data obtained on an IN100 alloy with a novel microstructure of coarse-grains that include grain boundary primary precipitates of Ni3Al(gamma'), intragranular coarse secondary gamma' and a high volume fraction of coarse tertiary gamma'. The model was realized by extending prior work on an athermal yield model developed using discrete dislocation dynamics simulations along with prior literature data on standard microstructures of IN100. The thermally activated component of the yield model was obtained by including an yield stress dependent creep model formulated originally by Wilshire and Scharning (2009) [1], and by invoking a temperature dependent Anti-Phase Boundary (APB) energy based on a formalism that captures high temperature order parameter of Ni3Al. The resultant model was found to capture experimental data on flow stress from current work in addition to reported data on IN100, including the standard subsolvus and supersolvus heat treat conditions. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Parthasarathy, T. A.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Porter, W. J.; Buchanan, D. J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [John, R.] Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM triplicane.parthasarathy.ctr@us.af.mil FU Air Force contract [FA8650-10-D-5226] FX It is a pleasure to acknowledge several useful discussions with Dr. Jay Tiley, Dr.Christopher Woodward and Dr.Rollie Dutton, all from Materials and Manufacturing directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. Microstructural information provided by M.E. Burba (AFRL) is gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported in part through Air Force contract # FA8650-10-D-5226. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD APR 20 PY 2016 VL 661 BP 247 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2016.02.074 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DK0SH UT WOS:000374622000029 ER PT J AU Kobayashi, K Bak, MS Tanaka, H Carter, C Do, H AF Kobayashi, Kazunobu Bak, Moon Soo Tanaka, Hiroki Carter, Campbell Do, Hyungrok TI Laser-induced breakdown emission in hydrocarbon fuel mixtures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE laser-induced breakdown; hydrocarbon fuel; time-resolved emission measurement; plasma temperature; electron number density ID ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; INDUCED PLASMA; SPECTROSCOPY; AIR; WATER; CHLORINE; FLUORINE; DENSITY; SAMPLES AB Time-resolved emission measurements of laser-induced breakdown plasmas have been carried out to investigate the effect that gas species might have on the kinetics, particularly in excited states, and the resulting plasma properties. For this purpose, fuel-oxygen (O-2)-carbon dioxide (CO2) mixtures with either helium (He) or nitrogen (N-2) balance are prepared while maintaining their atomic compositions. The fuels tested in this study are methane (CH4), ethylene (C2H4), propane (C3H8), and butane (C4H10). The breakdown is produced in the mixtures (CH4/CO2/O-2/He, C2H4/O-2/He, C3H8/CO2/O-2/He and C4H10/CO2/O-2/He or CH4/CO2/O-2/N-2, C2H4/O-2/N-2, C3H8/CO2/O-2/N-2 and C4H10/CO2/O-2/N-2) at room conditions using the second harmonic of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (with pulse duration of 10 ns). The temporal evolution of plasma temperature is deduced from the ratio of two oxygen lines (777 nm and 823 nm) through Boltzmann analysis, while the evolution of electron number density is estimated based on Stark broadening of the Balmer-alpha (H-alpha) line at 656 nm and the measured plasma temperature. From the results, the temporal evolution of emission spectra and decay rates of atomic line-intensities are found to be almost identical between the breakdown plasma in the different mixtures given balancing gases. Furthermore, the temporal evolution of plasma temperature and electron number density are also found to be independent of the species compositions. Therefore, this behavior-of the breakdown emissions and plasma properties in the different mixtures with identical atomic composition-may be because the breakdown gases reach similar thermodynamic and physiochemical states immediately after the breakdown. C1 [Kobayashi, Kazunobu; Tanaka, Hiroki] Osaka Gas Co Ltd, Energy Technol Labs, Konohana Ku, Osaka, Japan. [Bak, Moon Soo] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Suwon, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Kobayashi, Kazunobu; Do, Hyungrok] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Carter, Campbell] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Do, Hyungrok] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Seoul 151, South Korea. RP Bak, MS (reprint author), Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Suwon, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. EM moonsoo@skku.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD APR 20 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 15 AR 155201 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/49/15/155201 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DI6PA UT WOS:000373620600010 ER PT J AU Carles, S Saidani, G Le Garrec, JL Guen, N Mitchell, JBA Viggiano, AA Shuman, NS AF Carles, Sophie Saidani, Ghassen Le Garrec, Jean-Luc Guen, Ngary Mitchell, James B. A. Viggiano, Albert A. Shuman, Nicholas S. TI Demonstration of the branching ratio inversion for the electron attachment to phosphoryl chloride POCl3 in the gas phase between 300 and 200 K SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; SF6 AB Electron attachment to phosphoryl chloride (phosphorus oxychloride) POCl3 has been studied in the gas phase by mass spectrometry at several low temperatures (47.7, 74.5, 169.7 and 199.5K) with the CRESU method. By measuring over this temperature range and data from [8], we have demonstrated the inversion of the branching ratio between the exothermic non -dissociative exit channel POCl3- and the thermo-neutral dissociative exit channel POCl2- + Cl. A kinetic model in terms of statistical theory is used to fit the experimental data. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Carles, Sophie; Saidani, Ghassen; Le Garrec, Jean-Luc; Guen, Ngary; Mitchell, James B. A.] Univ Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6251, Inst Phys Rennes, Dept Phys Mol,Astrophys Lab, Campus Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Carles, S (reprint author), Univ Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6251, Inst Phys Rennes, Dept Phys Mol,Astrophys Lab, Campus Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes, France. EM sophie.carles@univ-rennes1.fr NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2016 VL 650 BP 144 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.02.062 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DK5NP UT WOS:000374966900028 ER PT J AU Ard, SG Compton, RN Garrett, WR AF Ard, S. G. Compton, R. N. Garrett, W. R. TI Rotational auto-detachment of dipole-bound anions SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-INDUCED PHOTODETACHMENT; CRITICAL BINDING; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE; CHARGED PARTICLE; MOLECULAR ANIONS; POLAR-MOLECULES; FINITE DIPOLE; STATES; FIELD; HYDROGEN AB Rotational auto-detachment of acetonitrile, trimethyl-acetonitrile, acetone, and cyclobutanone dipole bound anions was studied under varying conditions in a Rydberg electron transfer (RET) time-of-flight apparatus. Varying amounts of auto-detachment was observed for anions with similar electron affinity and dipole moment, but different moments of inertia. These results were found to be consistent with predictions based on the calculated rotational spectra for these anions, highlighting the importance of critical binding properties in understanding the stability and lifetime of dipole bound systems. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ard, S. G.; Compton, R. N.; Garrett, W. R.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ard, S. G.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Compton, R. N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Ard, SG (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM ards@bc.edu FU NSF FX We are grateful for the support of NSF during the course of this work. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2016 VL 650 BP 154 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.03.011 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DK5NP UT WOS:000374966900030 ER PT J AU Robinson, JA Varanasi, C Voevodin, AA Li, LJ Robinson, JT Lou, J AF Robinson, Joshua A. Varanasi, Chakrapani Voevodin, Andrey A. Li, Lain-Jong Robinson, Jeremy T. Lou, Jun TI TWO-DIMENSIONAL HETEROSTRUCTURE MATERIALS SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Robinson, Joshua A.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Varanasi, Chakrapani] US Army, Res Off, Washington, DC USA. [Voevodin, Andrey A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Li, Lain-Jong] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. [Robinson, Jeremy T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lou, Jun] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP Robinson, JA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Li, Lain-Jong/D-5244-2011 OI Li, Lain-Jong/0000-0002-4059-7783 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 17 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR 14 PY 2016 VL 31 IS 7 BP 823 EP 823 DI 10.1557/jmr.2016.108 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA DM2LN UT WOS:000376178400001 ER PT J AU McConney, ME Glavin, NR Juhl, AT Check, MH Durstock, MF Voevodin, AA Shelton, TE Bultman, JE Hu, JJ Jespersen, ML Gupta, MK Naguy, RD Colborn, JG Haque, A Hagerty, PT Stevenson, RE Muratore, C AF McConney, Michael E. Glavin, Nicholas R. Juhl, Abigail T. Check, Michael H. Durstock, Michael F. Voevodin, Andrey A. Shelton, Travis E. Bultman, John E. Hu, Jianjun Jespersen, Michael L. Gupta, Maneesh K. Naguy, Rachel D. Colborn, Jennifer G. Haque, Aman Hagerty, Phillip T. Stevenson, Randall E. Muratore, Christopher TI Direct synthesis of ultra-thin large area transition metal dichalcogenides and their heterostructures on stretchable polymer surfaces SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MOS2 ATOMIC LAYERS; FILMS; EXFOLIATION; ELECTRONICS; TRANSISTORS; MONOLAYER; SUBSTRATE; GROWTH AB A scalable approach for synthesis of ultra-thin (<10 nm) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) films on stretchable polymeric materials is presented. Specifically, magnetron sputtering from pure TMD targets, such as MoS2 and WS2, was used for growth of amorphous precursor films at room temperature on polydimethylsiloxane substrates. Stacks of different TMD films were grown upon each other and integrated with optically transparent insulating layers such as boron nitride. These precursor films were subsequently laser annealed to form high quality, few-layer crystalline TMDs. This combination of sputtering and laser annealing is commercially scalable and lends itself well to patterning. Analysis by Raman spectroscopy, scanning probe, optical, and transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm our assertions and illustrate annealing mechanisms. Electrical properties of simple devices built on flexible substrates are correlated to annealing processes. This new approach is a significant step toward commercial-scale stretchable 2D heterostructured nanoelectronic devices. C1 [McConney, Michael E.; Glavin, Nicholas R.; Juhl, Abigail T.; Check, Michael H.; Durstock, Michael F.; Voevodin, Andrey A.; Shelton, Travis E.; Bultman, John E.; Hu, Jianjun; Jespersen, Michael L.; Gupta, Maneesh K.; Naguy, Rachel D.; Colborn, Jennifer G.; Hagerty, Phillip T.; Stevenson, Randall E.; Muratore, Christopher] Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bultman, John E.; Hu, Jianjun; Jespersen, Michael L.; Gupta, Maneesh K.; Naguy, Rachel D.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Colborn, Jennifer G.] Univ Dayton, Dept Mech Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Haque, Aman] Penn State Univ, Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. [Hagerty, Phillip T.; Stevenson, Randall E.; Muratore, Christopher] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Voevodin, Andrey A.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Muratore, C (reprint author), Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Muratore, C (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM cmuratore1@udayton.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Complex Materials and Devices program [15RXCOR184]; Air Force Research Laboratory funded DAGSI program; AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Laboratory Director's Funds FX Financial support from Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Complex Materials and Devices program (15RXCOR184) is gratefully acknowledged. CM gratefully acknowledges support from Air Force Research Laboratory funded DAGSI program and AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Laboratory Director's Funds to sponsor this work. CM would also like to acknowledge Advanced Energy Industries Incorporated for use of a Pinnacle Plus pulsed power supply for thin film growth. All authors thank Art Safriet for his assistance in development and fabrication of equipment used in this work. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 22 U2 37 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR 14 PY 2016 VL 31 IS 7 BP 967 EP 974 DI 10.1557/jmr.2016.36 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA DM2LN UT WOS:000376178400015 ER PT J AU Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Lanser, RL AF Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Lanser, R. L. TI Tension-compression fatigue of an oxide/oxide ceramic composite at elevated temperature SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); Oxides; Fatigue; High-temperature properties; Mechanical properties; Fractography ID 1200 DEGREES-C; +/-45-DEGREES FIBER ORIENTATION; WOVEN C/SIC COMPOSITE; MATRIX COMPOSITES; CREEP-BEHAVIOR; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; STEAM ENVIRONMENT; REINFORCED COMPOSITES; AIR; 1200-DEGREES-C AB Tension-compression fatigue behavior of an oxide-oxide ceramic-matrix composite was investigated at 1200 degrees C in air and in steam. The composite is comprised of an alumina matrix reinforced with Nextel (TM) 720 alumina-mullite fibers woven in an eight harness satin weave (8HSW). The composite has no interface between the fiber and matrix, and relies on the porous matrix for flaw tolerance. Tension compression fatigue behavior was studied for fatigue stresses ranging from 60 to 120 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz. The R ratio (minimum stress to maximum stress) was -1.0. Fatigue run-out was defined as 105 cycles and was achieved at 80 MPa in air and at 70 MPa in steam. Steam reduced fatigue lives by an order of magnitude. Specimens that achieved fatigue run-out were subjected to tensile tests to failure to characterize the retained tensile properties. Specimens subjected to prior fatigue in air retained 100% of their tensile strength. The steam environment severely degraded tensile properties. Tension-compression fatigue was considerably more damaging than tension-tension fatigue. Composite microstructure, as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.; Lanser, R. L.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD APR 6 PY 2016 VL 659 BP 270 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2016.02.057 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DI5KU UT WOS:000373538600028 ER PT J AU Horan, V Stevens, B AF Horan, Victoria Stevens, Brett TI Locating patterns in the de Bruijn torus SO DISCRETE MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE de Bruijn torus; Universal cycles; Pseudorandom arrays ID UNIVERSAL CYCLES; ARRAYS AB The de Bruijn torus (or grid) problem looks to find an n-by-m binary matrix in which every possible j-by-k submatrix appears exactly once. The existence and construction of these binary matrices were determined in the 70s, with generalizations to d-ary matrices in the 80s and 90s. However, these constructions lacked efficient decoding methods, leading to new constructions in the early 2000s. The new constructions develop cross-shaped patterns (rather than rectangular), and rely on a concept known as a half de Bruijn sequence. In this paper, we further advance this construction beyond cross-shape patterns. Furthermore, we show results for universal cycle grids, based off of the one-dimensional universal cycles introduced by Chung, Diaconis, and Graham, in the 90s. These grids have many applications such as robotic vision, location detection, and projective touch-screen displays. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Horan, Victoria] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Stevens, Brett] Carleton Univ, Sch Math & Stat, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP Horan, V (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM victoria.horan.1@us.af.mil; brett@math.carleton.ca NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-365X EI 1872-681X J9 DISCRETE MATH JI Discret. Math. PD APR 6 PY 2016 VL 339 IS 4 BP 1274 EP 1282 DI 10.1016/j.disc.2015.11.015 PG 9 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA DC8KE UT WOS:000369467500010 ER PT J AU Yusa, N Knopp, JS AF Yusa, Noritaka Knopp, Jeremy S. TI Evaluation of probability of detection (POD) studies with multiple explanatory variables SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cracking; numerical simulation; inspection; non-destructive testing and evaluation; evaluation; eddy current testing; probability of detection; finite element method; flaw; safety assessment ID DETECTION CURVES; INSPECTION AB This study proposes a new method to evaluate a probability of detection (POD) as a function of more than one flaw parameter. The main idea of the method is to assume that signals due to flaws described with a given parameter [GRAPHICS] have a normal distribution of a mean of [GRAPHICS] and a standard deviation of [GRAPHICS] , and to use a combination of signals calculated by numerical simulations and experimental data to evaluate [GRAPHICS] and [GRAPHICS] , respectively. The method does not postulate a closed-form of [GRAPHICS] found in conventional approaches, and it evaluates a few parameters that characterize the distribution using maximum likelihood analysis to calculate POD. This allows POD evaluation for data that does not satisfy linearity or constant variance assumptions without transformation. The proposed method is demonstrated through analyzing simulated eddy current signals due to flaws appearing in type 316L stainless steel welds. The results of the demonstration confirm that the proposed method can provide the POD with its confidence bounds as a function of the depth and the length of a flaw. The results also showed that the proposed method does not require a large amount of experimental data compared to conventional a vs. a analysis. C1 [Yusa, Noritaka] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Quantum Sci & Energy Engn, Aoba Ku, 6-6-01-2 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Knopp, Jeremy S.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45443 USA. RP Yusa, N (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Quantum Sci & Energy Engn, Aoba Ku, 6-6-01-2 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. EM noritaka.yusa@qse.tohoku.ac.jp FU Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD) Windows on the World program FX Jeremy S. Knopp was supported by the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD) Windows on the World program for this research. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3131 EI 1881-1248 J9 J NUCL SCI TECHNOL JI J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. PD APR 2 PY 2016 VL 53 IS 4 BP 574 EP 579 DI 10.1080/00223131.2015.1064332 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA DE9SL UT WOS:000370979000014 ER PT J AU Torres, A Ganley, J Maji, A AF Torres, A. Ganley, J. Maji, A. TI Experimental and Analytical Techniques for Studying ZBLAN Crystallization in Microgravity SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE ZBLAN; Microgravity; Crystallization ID GRAVITY; GLASS AB One of the promising new areas of materials research is in the field of microgravity. Microgravity experimentation enables new materials to be developed and traditional materials to be improved, which cannot be completed under terrestrial conditions. Recent experiments on ZBLAN (ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF) glass have shown that, when heated, there is a crystallization dependency on gravity. This crystallization dependency limits the optical transmissibility of this material, due to crystallites forming during the fiber drawing process. ZBLAN glass has the theoretical potential for optical transmission in the range of 0.3-7 mu m, which would facilitate much needed mid-infrared (IR) fiber technology. Past researchers have completed ZBLAN crystallization microgravity experiments, with limited details on the experimental technique and analysis methods. This study demonstrates an alternative experimental technique for ZBLAN microgravity testing and postprocessing techniques that reveal crystallinity in the sample. C1 [Torres, A.] Texas State Univ, Dept Engn Technol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Ganley, J.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Maji, A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Torres, A (reprint author), Texas State Univ, Dept Engn Technol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM ast36@txstate.edu FU Air Force Space Test Program; NASA FX The authors of this work would like to thank Dr. Dennis Tucker, the Air Force Space Test Program, and NASA for their generous support of this research. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0732-8818 EI 1747-1567 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD APR PY 2016 VL 40 IS 2 BP 501 EP 512 DI 10.1007/s40799-016-0052-6 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA DX9YK UT WOS:000384752900005 ER PT J AU Torres, A Maji, A Ganley, J AF Torres, A. Maji, A. Ganley, J. TI The Effect of Microcrystals on ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF Glass Fiber Fracture SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE ZBLAN; Glass Fiber; Microcrystals; Mid-IR Technology; Fracture; Fiber Drawing ID TOUGHNESS AB The mechanical response of materials to an applied force is determined by the inherent microstructure properties of the material. Microcrystals formed during heating and fiber drawing represent inherent flaws, which play a strong role in the mechanical properties as well as the handling ability of optical waveguides, in particular ZBLAN (ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF) fibers. The property of the fiber to flex and bend is useful for handling and positioning the fiber in a desired application. A series of ZBLAN fibers were bent to specific radii of curvature to determine the applied curvature at which fiber fracture occurs. The fibers were first subjected to a tailored temperature arrangement for a designated amount of time to induce varying amounts of crystal formation. The fiber failure was documented and photographed with the aid of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Fracture mechanics analysis was used to characterize the impact of crystal size on the failure of the ZBLAN fiber. The results of this assessment show the impact of thermal degradation on ZBLAN fibers as well as suggest an optimum fiber drawing take-up reel diameter. C1 [Torres, A.] Texas State Univ, Dept Engn Technol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Maji, A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Maji, A.; Ganley, J.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Torres, A (reprint author), Texas State Univ, Dept Engn Technol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM ast36@txstate.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0732-8818 EI 1747-1567 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD APR PY 2016 VL 40 IS 2 BP 765 EP 776 DI 10.1007/s40799-016-0077-x PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA DX9YK UT WOS:000384752900029 ER PT J AU Merkin, VG Lyon, JG Lario, D Arge, CN Henney, CJ AF Merkin, V. G. Lyon, J. G. Lario, D. Arge, C. N. Henney, C. J. TI Time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the inner heliosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MHD SIMULATION; CURRENT SHEET; MODEL; FLUX; SYSTEM; CORONA; CMES AB This paper presents results from a simulation study exploring heliospheric consequences of time-dependent changes at the Sun. We selected a 2 month period in the beginning of year 2008 that was characterized by very low solar activity. The heliosphere in the equatorial region was dominated by two coronal holes whose changing structure created temporal variations distorting the classical steady state picture of the heliosphere. We used the Air Force Data Assimilate Photospheric Flux Transport (ADAPT) model to obtain daily updated photospheric magnetograms and drive the Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA) model of the corona. This leads to a formulation of a time-dependent boundary condition for our three-dimensional (3-D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model, LFM-helio, which is the heliospheric adaptation of the Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry MHD simulation code. The time-dependent coronal conditions were propagated throughout the inner heliosphere, and the simulation results were compared with the spacecraft located near 1 astronomical unit (AU) heliocentric distance: Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE), Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO-A and STEREO-B), and the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft that was in cruise phase measuring the heliospheric magnetic field between 0.35 and 0.6 AU. In addition, during the selected interval MESSENGER and ACE aligned radially allowing minimization of the effects of temporal variation at the Sun versus radial evolution of structures. Our simulations show that time-dependent simulations reproduce the gross-scale structure of the heliosphere with higher fidelity, while on smaller spatial and faster time scales (e.g., 1 day) they provide important insights for interpretation of the data. The simulations suggest that moving boundaries of slow-fast wind transitions at 0.1 AU may result in the formation of inverted magnetic fields near pseudostreamers which is an intrinsically time-dependent process. Finally, we show that heliospheric current sheet corrugation, which may result in multiple sector boundary crossings when observed by spacecraft, is caused by solar wind velocity shears. Overall, our simulations demonstrate that time-dependent heliosphere modeling is a promising direction of research both for space weather applications and fundamental physics of the heliosphere. C1 [Merkin, V. G.; Lario, D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Lyon, J. G.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Arge, C. N.; Henney, C. J.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Merkin, VG (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM Slava.Merkin@jhuapl.edu RI Lario, David/D-9318-2016 OI Lario, David/0000-0002-3176-8704 FU NASA [NNX13AG15G, NNX11AO83G]; NSF [AGS-1260358, AGS-1259407]; NSF FX V.G.M. would like to acknowledge many insightful conversations with N.-E. Raouafi, M.I. Sitnov, and A. Vourlidas, all at JHU/APL. This research was supported by NASA grants NNX13AG15G and NNX11AO83G and NSF grants AGS-1260358 and AGS-1259407. We would like to acknowledge high-performance computing support from Yellowstone (ark:/85065/d7wd3xhc) provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the NSF. We acknowledge the ACE/SWEPAM and ACE/MAG instrument teams, STEREO PLASTIC, IMPACT, and MAG teams, as well as the ACE and STEREO Science Centers for providing the data used in this study. We are also grateful to B.J. Anderson and H. Korth at JHU/APL for providing and NASA PDS for hosting the MESSENGER/MAG data. The data used to produce figures, animations, and analysis in the paper are available upon request. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 4 BP 2866 EP 2890 DI 10.1002/2015JA022200 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DR5RO UT WOS:000379960300005 ER PT J AU Clausen, LBN Moen, JI Hosokawa, K Holmes, JM AF Clausen, L. B. N. Moen, J. I. Hosokawa, K. Holmes, J. M. TI GPS scintillations in the high latitudes during periods of dayside and nightside reconnection SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT DRIFT INSTABILITY; POLAR-CAP PATCHES; BIRKELAND CURRENTS; F-REGION; IONOSPHERIC IRREGULARITIES; PHASE SCINTILLATION; IONIZATION PATCHES; SOLAR MINIMUM; PLASMA; DENSITY AB We use an automated procedure to identify periods of enhanced dayside reconnection followed by enhanced nightside reconnection in measurements of the polar cap size by the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment between January 2010 and December 2012; we find 490 such events. We investigate the dynamics of the spatial distributions of the total electron content (TEC) and phase scintillations of Global Positioning System (GPS) signals across the northern polar region and here report three important findings: (1) While a TEC enhancement (due to polar cap patches) propagates across the polar cap during these events, this enhancement is not associated with significant GPS phase scintillations. (2) Instead, a significant impact on GPS signal quality is first found when the TEC enhancements cross the nightside auroral boundary. (3) In combination with upward field-aligned currents, these TEC enhancements cause the strongest GPS phase scintillations. We conclude that polar cap patches are not, as previously thought, a space weather threat inside the polar cap but instead reveal their biggest impact once they reach the nightside auroral oval, in particular when combined with upward field-aligned currents. C1 [Clausen, L. B. N.; Moen, J. I.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. [Hosokawa, K.] Univ Electrocommun, Dept Commun Engn & Informat, Tokyo, Japan. [Holmes, J. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Clausen, LBN (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. EM lasse.clausen@fys.uio.no OI Holmes, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1025-6694 FU Norwegian Research Council [230935]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX L. B. N. C. and the auroral imagers at LYR and NAL are supported by funding from the Norwegian Research Council under grant 230935; the imager data are publicly available at http://tid.uio.no/plasma/aurora, and the list of expansion/contraction times is available upon request. J. M. H. is supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. We thank Svend Erik Ascanius of the Danish Meteorological Institute and the staff of Station Nord for operating instruments at Qaanaaq and Station Nord, respectively. The imager data from Qaanaaq and Station Nord scrutinized for this study have been cleared for public release and are available upon request from J. M. H. The Resolute Bay imager data are available at http://gwave.ice.uec.ac.jp/cgi-bin/hosokawa/resolute/resolute.cgi. The AMPERE data used in this study were obtained through http://ampere.jhuapl.edu. The TEC data used in this study were obtained through the Madrigal database at https://www.eiscat.se/madrigal/. We would like to thank the CHAIN team for their support; data from CHAIN are available through http://chain.physics.unb.ca/chain/. The solar wind data used in this study were obtained through the OMNI webpage at http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ow.html. The geomagnetic indices were obtained through the World Data Center for Geomagnetism at http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/. The hemispheric power index (HPI) is available at http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/ftpmenu/lists/hpi.html. NR 78 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 4 BP 3293 EP 3309 DI 10.1002/2015JA022199 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DR5RO UT WOS:000379960300033 ER PT J AU Mishin, E Watkins, B Lehtinen, N Eliasson, B Pedersen, T Grach, S AF Mishin, Evgeny Watkins, Brenton Lehtinen, Nikolai Eliasson, Bengt Pedersen, Todd Grach, Savely TI Artificial ionospheric layers driven by high-frequency radiowaves: An assessment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Observations of HF-driven plasma; turbulence and descending layers are; summarized; Concept of an ionizing wavefront due; to accelerated electrons is consistent; with the observations; At high HF powers Langmuir and; upper hybrid processes coexist ID STIMULATED ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION; HF-INDUCED AIRGLOW; HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; ELECTRON-CYCLOTRON HARMONICS; ION GYROHARMONIC STRUCTURES; LANGMUIR TURBULENCE; MAGNETIC ZENITH; HEATING EXPERIMENTS; OPTICAL-EMISSIONS; F-REGION AB High-power ordinary mode radio waves produce artificial ionization in the F region ionosphere at the European Incoherent Scatter (Tromso, Norway) and High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (Gakona, Alaska, USA) facilities. We have summarized the features of the excited plasma turbulence and descending layers of freshly ionized (" artificial") plasma. The concept of an ionizing wavefront created by accelerated suprathermal electrons appears to be in accordance with the data. The strong Langmuir turbulence (SLT) regime is revealed by the specific spectral features of incoherent radar backscatter and stimulated electromagnetic emissions. Theory predicts that the SLT acceleration is facilitated in the presence of photoelectrons. This agrees with the intensified artificial plasma production and the greater speeds of descent but weaker incoherent radar backscatter in the sunlit ionosphere. Numerical investigation of propagation of O-mode waves and the development of SLT and descending layers have been performed. The greater extent of the SLT region at the magnetic zenith than that at vertical appears to make magnetic zenith injections more efficient for electron acceleration and descending layers. At high powers, anomalous absorption is suppressed, leading to the Langmuir and upper hybrid processes during the whole heater on period. The data suggest that parametric upper hybrid interactions mitigate anomalous absorption at heating frequencies far from electron gyroharmonics and also generate SLT in the upper hybrid layer. The persistence of artificial plasma at the terminal altitude depends on how close the heating frequency is to the local gyroharmonic. C1 [Mishin, Evgeny; Pedersen, Todd] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Watkins, Brenton] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Phys Dept, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Lehtinen, Nikolai] Univ Bergen, Birkeland Ctr Space Sci, Bergen, Norway. [Eliasson, Bengt] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Grach, Savely] Lobachevsky State Univ Nizhny Novgorod, Dept Radiophys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. RP Mishin, E (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Evgeny.Mishin@us.af.mil OI Pedersen, Todd/0000-0002-6940-0112 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), UK [EP/M009386/1]; DARPA-DSO [HR0011-09-C-0099]; ONR [N00014-03-1-0165]; Russian Scientific Foundation [14-12-00706]; European Research Council [320839]; Research Council of Norway [208028/F50, 216872/F50, 223252/F50] FX E.M. and T.P. were supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research. B.E. was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), UK, grant EP/M009386/1. Support for B.W. was provided by DARPA-DSO under contract HR0011-09-C-0099 and by ONR under grant N00014-03-1-0165. S.G (section 2.2) was supported by Russian Scientific Foundation project 14-12-00706. NL was supported by the European Research Council under the Program FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement 320839 and the Research Council of Norway under contracts 208028/F50, 216872/F50 and 223252/F50 (CoE). We thank Ranvir Dhillon for providing the EISCAT UHF radar ion line spectra and the reviewers for valuable comments. Experimental and simulation data supporting Figures 6-7 and Figures 9-10 can be requested from B. Watkins (e-mail: ualaska-watkins@usa.net) and E. Mishin (e-mail: evgeny.mishin@us.af.mil), respectively. NR 104 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 4 BP 3497 EP 3524 DI 10.1002/2015JA021823 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DR5RO UT WOS:000379960300048 ER PT J AU Pedatella, NM Oberheide, J Sutton, EK Liu, HL Anderson, JL Raeder, K AF Pedatella, N. M. Oberheide, J. Sutton, E. K. Liu, H. -L. Anderson, J. L. Raeder, K. TI Short-term nonmigrating tide variability in the mesosphere, thermosphere, and ionosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Short term DE3 variability in; observations is compared with; WACCM plus DART reanalysis; Short-term variability found to; occur in MLT,ionosphere, and upper; thermosphere; Several different mechanisms; combine to generate the short; term variability ID MIGRATING SOLAR TIDES; LATENT-HEAT RELEASE; PLANETARY-WAVES; DIURNAL TIDES; EQUATORIAL MESOSPHERE; DATA ASSIMILATION; ATMOSPHERE; MODEL; SATELLITES; MIDDLE AB The intraseasonal variability of the eastward propagating nonmigrating diurnal tide with zonal wave number 3 (DE3) during 2007 in the mesosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere is investigated using a whole atmosphere model reanalysis and satellite observations. The atmospheric reanalysis is based on implementation of data assimilation in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) using the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) ensemble Kalman filter. The tidal variability in the WACCM+ DART reanalysis is compared to the observed variability in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) based on the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics satellite Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (TIMED/SABER) observations, in the ionosphere based on Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) observations, and in the upper thermosphere (similar to 475 km) based on Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) neutral density observations. To obtain the short-term DE3 variability in the MLT and upper thermosphere, we apply the method of tidal deconvolution to the TIMED/SABER observations and consider the difference in the ascending and descending longitudinal wave number 4 structure in the GRACE observations. The results reveal that tidal amplitude changes of 5-10 K regularly occur on short timescales (similar to 10-20 days) in the MLT. Similar variability occurs in the WACCM+ DART reanalysis and TIMED/SABER observations, demonstrating that the short-term variability can be captured in whole atmosphere models that employ data assimilation and in observations by the technique of tidal deconvolution. The impact of the short-term DE3 variability in the MLT on the ionosphere and thermosphere is also clearly evident in the COSMIC and GRACE observations. Analysis of the troposphere forcing in WACCM+ DART and simulations of the Global Scale Wave Model (GSWM) show that the short-term DE3 variability in the MLT is not related to a single source; rather, it is due to a combination of changes in troposphere forcing, zonal mean atmosphere, and wave-wave interactions. C1 [Pedatella, N. M.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, COSM Program Off, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Oberheide, J.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Sutton, E. K.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Environm Branch, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Liu, H. -L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Pob 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Anderson, J. L.; Raeder, K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Inst Math Appl Geosci, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Pedatella, NM (reprint author), Univ Corp Atmospher Res, COSM Program Off, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM nickp@ucar.edu RI Oberheide, Jens/C-6156-2011; Liu, Han-Li/A-9549-2008; Sutton, Eric/A-1574-2016 OI Oberheide, Jens/0000-0001-6721-2540; Liu, Han-Li/0000-0002-6370-0704; Sutton, Eric/0000-0003-1424-7189 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1033112, AGS-1522830]; NSF [AGS-1139048]; NASA [NNH12CF66C] FX COSMIC electron density profile observations are distributed by the COSMIC Data Analysis and Archive Center (http://cdaac-www.cosmic.ucar.edu/cdaac/). The TIMED/SABER observations are available at http://saber.gats-inc.com. WACCM+DART simulation output is archived on the National Center for Atmospheric Research High Performance Storage System, is available upon request, and is available upon request from Nicholas Pedatella (nickp@ucar.edu). N.P. acknowledges support from National Science Foundation grant AGS-1033112 and AGS-1522830. J.O. was supported by NSF grant AGS-1139048 and NASA award NNH12CF66C. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the National Science Foundation. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 4 BP 3621 EP 3633 DI 10.1002/2016JA022528 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DR5RO UT WOS:000379960300056 ER PT J AU Marasco, PL Bailey, C AF Marasco, Peter L. Bailey, Christopher TI Wood lens design philosophy based on a binary additive manufacturing technique SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Wood lens; gradient-index lens; optical path length AB Using additive manufacturing techniques in optical engineering to construct a gradient index (GRIN) optic may overcome a number of limitations of GRIN technology. Such techniques are maturing quickly, yielding additional design degrees of freedom for the engineer. How best to employ these degrees of freedom is not completely clear at this time. This paper describes a preliminary design philosophy, including assumptions, pertaining to a particular printing technique for GRIN optics. It includes an analysis based on simulation and initial component measurement. (C) 2016 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Marasco, Peter L.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bailey, Christopher] Leidos, 3745 Pentagon Blvd, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. RP Marasco, PL (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM peter.marasco@us.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD APR PY 2016 VL 55 IS 4 AR 040502 DI 10.1117/1.OE.55.4.040502 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA DL9GX UT WOS:000375950900003 ER PT J AU Ngirmang, GK Orban, C Feister, S Morrison, JT Frische, KD Chowdhury, EA Roquemore, WM AF Ngirmang, Gregory K. Orban, Chris Feister, Scott Morrison, John T. Frische, Kyle D. Chowdhury, Enam A. Roquemore, W. M. TI Three dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of electron beams created via reflection of intense laser light from a water target SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article AB We present 3D Particle-in-Cell (PIC) modeling of an ultra-intense laser experiment by the Extreme Light group at the Air Force Research Laboratory using the Large Scale Plasma (LSP) PIC code. This is the first time PIC simulations have been performed in 3D for this experiment which involves an ultra-intense, short-pulse (30 fs) laser interacting with a water jet target at normal incidence. The laser-energy-to-ejected-electron-energy conversion efficiency observed in 2D(3v) simulations were comparable to the conversion efficiencies seen in the 3D simulations, but the angular distribution of ejected electrons in the 2D(3v) simulations displayed interesting differences with the 3D simulations' angular distribution; the observed differences between the 2D(3v) and 3D simulations were more noticeable for the simulations with higher intensity laser pulses. An analytic plane-wave model is discussed which provides some explanation for the angular distribution and energies of ejected electrons in the 2D(3v) simulations. We also performed a 3D simulation with circularly polarized light and found a significantly higher conversion efficiency and peak electron energy, which is promising for future experiments. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Ngirmang, Gregory K.; Orban, Chris; Feister, Scott; Chowdhury, Enam A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ngirmang, Gregory K.; Orban, Chris; Feister, Scott; Frische, Kyle D.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Plain City, OH 45459 USA. [Morrison, John T.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Chowdhury, Enam A.] Intense Energy Solut LLC, Plain City, OH 43064 USA. [Roquemore, W. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ngirmang, GK (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.; Ngirmang, GK (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Plain City, OH 45459 USA. EM ngirmang.1@osu.edu OI Feister, Scott/0000-0003-3588-9025; Chowdhury, Enam/0000-0001-6259-202X FU Quantum and Non-Equilibrium Processes Division of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This research was sponsored by the Quantum and Non-Equilibrium Processes Division of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, under the management of Dr. Enrique Parra, Program Manager. The authors acknowledge significant support from the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program (DOD HPCMP) Internship Program. Supercomputer time was used on the DOD HPC Spirit and Garnet supercomputers. Resources were also used at the Ohio Supercomputer Center. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD APR PY 2016 VL 23 IS 4 AR 043111 DI 10.1063/1.4945739 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA DL7YE UT WOS:000375855500063 ER PT J AU Saji, KJ Tian, K Snure, M Tiwari, A AF Saji, Kachirayil J. Tian, Kun Snure, Michael Tiwari, Ashutosh TI 2D Tin Monoxide-An Unexplored p-Type van der Waals Semiconductor: Material Characteristics and Field Effect Transistors SO ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; STRUCTURE REFINEMENT; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; TIN(II) OXIDE; SNO; MOBILITY; SURFACE; MOS2; ELECTRON; TRANSITION AB 2D materials are considered promising candidates for developing next-generation high-performance energy efficient electronic, optoelectronic, and valley-tronic devices. Though metal oxides are widely used in the fabrication of many advanced devices, very little work has been reported on their properties in 2D limit. This article reports the discovery of a new 2D materials system, 2D tin monoxide (SnO). Layer by layer growth of SnO on sapphire and SiO2 substrates is demonstrated using a pulsed laser deposition method. The number of SnO layers is controlled by controlling the number of laser shots during the deposition process. Raman spectroscopic and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis confirms the formation of phase pure SnO layers. Field effect transistors (FETs) using few layer SnO channels grown on SiO2 substrates are successfully fabricated. These FETs show typical p-channel conduction with field effect mobility ranging from 0.05 to 1.9 cm(2) V-1 s(-1). Field effect mobility varies with the number of SnO layers and decreases on either sides of the optimum layer numbers (12), which is explained based on charge screening and interlayer coupling in layered materials. C1 [Saji, Kachirayil J.; Tian, Kun; Tiwari, Ashutosh] Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Nanostruct Mat Res Lab, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Snure, Michael] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tiwari, A (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Nanostruct Mat Res Lab, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM tiwari@eng.utah.edu FU US National Science Foundation [1121252, 1407650]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [13RY03COR]; UGC, Government of India FX K.J.S. and K.T. contributed equally to this work. The authors want to thank US National Science Foundation for support through grant#1121252 (MRSEC) and1407650. Research at AFRL was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research (task number 13RY03COR). K.J.S. thanks UGC, Government of India for Raman post-doctoral fellowship. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 26 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2199-160X J9 ADV ELECTRON MATER JI Adv. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2016 VL 2 IS 4 AR 1500453 DI 10.1002/aelm.201500453 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DJ6PQ UT WOS:000374335800022 ER PT J AU Malak, ST Jung, JH Yoon, YJ Smith, MJ Lin, CH Lin, ZQ Tsukruk, VV AF Malak, Sidney T. Jung, Jaehan Yoon, Young Jun Smith, Marcus J. Lin, Chun Hao Lin, Zhiqun Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Large-Area Multicolor Emissive Patterns of Quantum Dot-Polymer Films via Targeted Recovery of Emission Signature SO ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; TOP-DOWN; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; PHOTOACTIVATION; NANOFABRICATION; NANOPARTICLES; ENHANCEMENT; INTERFACE; DISPLAYS AB A facile one-step fabrication of large-area multicolored emissive photopatterns in mixed quantum dot-polymer films is demonstrated. This is in sharp contrast to the current photopatterning approaches that utilize only a single quantum dot (QD) component for single-color patterns. Strategies are presented that allow for either selective or collective modification of specific predetermined photoluminescent peaks of green and red QDs during photopattern development. These strategies yield novel patterns and allow for unprecedented control over how the color contrast of the photopattern evolves with continuous light illumination. These results clearly show that the evolution of the emission spectra of a multicolor mixed QD-polymer film can be readily tailored during pattern development, either by careful selection of the excitation wavelength or through combinations of controllably unstable and stable QDs with different recovery rates. Notably, these strategies are simple, fast, and robust, yielding high-resolution microscopic patterns over large areas (up to fractions of a cm(2)). Furthermore, the flexibility and capabilities of these strategies greatly expand the potential applications of multicolor emissive photopatterns, particularly in the areas of sensing, imaging, and lasing systems where it is important to exert delicate control over the intensity of selected colors within specific spatial regions. C1 [Malak, Sidney T.; Jung, Jaehan; Yoon, Young Jun; Smith, Marcus J.; Lin, Chun Hao; Lin, Zhiqun; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Smith, Marcus J.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lin, ZQ; Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM zhiqun.lin@mse.gatech.edu; Vladimir@mse.gatech.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Synthetic photonics multidisciplinary university research initiative, synthesis, fabrication, and development) [FA9550-14-1-0037]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-09ER46604]; UES-AFRL [S-977-022-001]; Office of Secretary Defense-Test and Evaluation (OSD-TE); National Defense Education Program (NDEP)/BA-1 [Defense-Wide/PE0601120D8Z]; Basic Research, SMART Program office Grant [N00244-09-1-0081] FX Financial support is acknowledged from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research FA9550-14-1-0037 (Synthetic photonics multidisciplinary university research initiative, synthesis, fabrication, and development), the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award # DE-FG02-09ER46604 (optical measurements), and UES-AFRL support S-977-022-001 (summer visit to AFRL). M. J. Smith would like to acknowledge the Science, Mathematics, and Research for Transformation (SMART) scholarship funded by Office of Secretary Defense-Test and Evaluation (OSD-T&E), Defense-Wide/PE0601120D8Z National Defense Education Program (NDEP)/BA-1, Basic Research, SMART Program office Grant Number N00244-09-1-0081. The authors also thank Ruilong Ma for designing the GT photomask. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 21 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 2195-1071 J9 ADV OPT MATER JI Adv. Opt. Mater. PD APR PY 2016 VL 4 IS 4 BP 608 EP 619 DI 10.1002/adom.201500670 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA DK1RU UT WOS:000374692300015 ER PT J AU Park, M Kalyanam, K Darbha, S Khargonekar, PP Pachter, M Chandler, PR AF Park, Myoungkuk Kalyanam, Krishnamoorthy Darbha, Swaroop Khargonekar, Pramod P. Pachter, Meir Chandler, Phillip R. TI Performance Guarantee of an Approximate Dynamic Programming Policy for Robotic Surveillance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Approximate dynamic programming; linear programming; robotic surveillance; stochastic control ID STATE AGGREGATION; BOUNDS AB This paper is focused on the development and analysis of suboptimal decision algorithms for a collection of robots that assist a remotely located operator in perimeter surveillance. The operator is tasked with the classification of incursions across the perimeter. whenever there is an incursion into the perimeter, an unattended ground sensor (UGS) in the vicinity, signals an alert. A robot services the alert by visiting the alert location, collecting information, e.g., photo and video imagery, and transmitting it to the operator. The accuracy of operator's classification depends on the volume and freshness of information gathered and provided by the robots at locations where incursions occur. There are two competing objectives for a robot: it needs to spend adequate time at an alert location to collect evidence for aiding the operator in accurate classification but it also needs to service other alerts as soon as possible, so that the evidence collected is relevant. The decision problem is to determine the optimal amount of time a robot must spend servicing an alert. The incursions are stochastic and their statistics are assumed to be known. This problem can be posed as a Markov Decision Problem. However, even for two robots and five UGS locations, the number of states is of the order of billions rendering exact dynamic programming methods intractable. Approximate dynamic programming (ADP) via linear programming (LP) provides a way to approximate the value function and derive suboptimal strategies. The novel feature of this paper is the derivation of a tractable lower bound via LP and the construction of a suboptimal policy whose performance improves upon the lower bound. An illustrative perimeter surveillance example corroborates the results derived in this paper. C1 [Park, Myoungkuk; Darbha, Swaroop] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [Kalyanam, Krishnamoorthy] InfoSciTex Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Khargonekar, Pramod P.] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pachter, Meir] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Chandler, Phillip R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Autonomous Control Branch, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Park, M; Darbha, S (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77840 USA.; Kalyanam, K (reprint author), InfoSciTex Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA.; Khargonekar, PP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.; Pachter, M (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM robotian@gmail.com; krishnak@ucla.edu; dswaroop@tamu.edu; ppk@ufl.edu; meir.pachter@afit.edu OI Khargonekar, Pramod/0000-0001-6634-6950 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-10-1-0392]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [ECCS-1015066] FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under Award FA9550-10-1-0392 and the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award ECCS-1015066. This paper was presented in part at ASME's Fifth Annual Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA, October 2012, and this paper also expands on a preliminary version presented at the IFAC Conference on Research, Education and Development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Compiegne, France, November 2013. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-5955 EI 1558-3783 J9 IEEE T AUTOM SCI ENG JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng. PD APR PY 2016 VL 13 IS 2 BP 564 EP 578 DI 10.1109/TASE.2014.2366295 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA DJ8DI UT WOS:000374442300017 ER PT J AU Ernst, M Habtour, E Dasgupta, A AF Ernst, Matthew Habtour, Ed Dasgupta, Abhijit TI Examining Steinberg's Octave Rule Applicability for Electronic Systems Exposed to Multiaxial Vibration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS PACKAGING AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amplification; fatigue; multiaxial vibration; nonlinear; random; reliability ID PREDICTION; FATIGUE AB This paper explores the role of nonlinear dynamical phenomena in calculating the stress amplitude in large electronic components exposed to biaxial vibration loading. Nonlinear analytical studies are presented where a component exposed to combined axial and transverse vibratory base excitation is idealized using a nonlinear structural beam element with a tip mass. Harmonic and random base vibration excitation studies are conducted. The results provided in this paper confirm that Steinberg's Octave rule may not be applicable for electronic components exposed to high amplitude multiaxial vibrations. In fact, components exposed to biaxial vibration are highly dependent on the phase angle between the orthogonal axes and the frequency ratio between the axial and transverse excitation frequencies. At critical frequency ratios, undesirable constructive and destructive stress amplification phenomena may appear if the system is exposed to a harsh multidirectional vibration environment. C1 [Ernst, Matthew] US Air Force, Lifecycle Management Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Habtour, Ed] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 21005 USA. [Dasgupta, Abhijit] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Adv Life Cycle Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ernst, M (reprint author), US Air Force, Lifecycle Management Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Habtour, E (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 21005 USA.; Dasgupta, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Adv Life Cycle Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ernstm@gmail.com; ed.m.habtour.civ@mail.mil; dasgupta@umd.edu FU CALCE Consortium; TEAM Inc.; Data Physics Inc. FX This work was supported in part by CALCE Consortium, in part by TEAM Inc., and in part by Data Physics Inc. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-3950 EI 2156-3985 J9 IEEE T COMP PACK MAN JI IEEE Trans. Compon. Pack. Manuf. Technol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 6 IS 4 BP 561 EP 568 DI 10.1109/TCPMT.2016.2519447 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA DJ9RV UT WOS:000374551500008 ER PT J AU Buffington, BC Melnyk, BM Morales, S Lords, A Zupan, MR AF Buffington, Brenda C. Melnyk, Bernadette M. Morales, Shelly Lords, Amanda Zupan, Michael R. TI Effects of an energy balance educational intervention and the COPE cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for Division I US Air Force Academy female athletes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS LA English DT Article DE Young adult women; women's health; weight management; stress and coping; student health; stress; cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) AB Background and purpose: Female athletes struggle harder than male athletes to lose body fat and maintain a leaner physique. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an educational and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based intervention on knowledge, body composition, anxiety, stress, and nutritional intake. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 153 female athletes from the U.S. Air Force Academy (USAFA). Participants were assigned to one of three groups: (a) a combined energy balance and CBT-based intervention (E1); (b) a CBT-based intervention alone (E2); and (c) a control group (C). Main outcomes included a DXA scan for body composition, a knowledge test, the GAD-7 for anxiety, the brief inventory of perceived stress (BIPS) for stress, and a 24-h food recall. Findings: Significant improvement on knowledge of energy balance occurred in all three groups E1 (p < .001), E2, and C (p < .05). Significant reductions in percentage of body fat occurred in E1 (p < .001) and E2 (p < .05). There also were significant reductions in the percent of fat consumed by E1 (p < .05) and saturated fat consumed by both E1 and E2 (p < .05). The control group only demonstrated a significant increase in stress as measured by the BIPS (p < .05). Conclusions: A combined energy balance and CBT-based intervention improves knowledge and body fat. Implications: The importance to assess knowledge, anxiety, stress, nutrition intake, and percentage of body fat in female athletes and to deliver evidence-based interventions to improve their health outcomes. C1 [Buffington, Brenda C.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Nursing, Off Chief Wellness Officer, 398 Newton Hall,1585 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Melnyk, Bernadette M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Pediat & Psychiat, Coll Nursing, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Morales, Shelly] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Lords, Amanda] CWPX, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Zupan, Michael R.] US Air Force Acad, Human Performance Lab, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Buffington, BC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Nursing, Off Chief Wellness Officer, 398 Newton Hall,1585 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM buffington.42@osu.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2327-6886 EI 2327-6924 J9 J AM ASSOC NURSE PRA JI J. Am. Assoc. Nurs. Pract. PD APR PY 2016 VL 28 IS 4 SI SI BP 181 EP 187 DI 10.1002/2327-6924.12359 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Nursing SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Nursing GA DK1VO UT WOS:000374703200002 PM 27007300 ER PT J AU Willink, TJ Squires, CC Colman, GWK Muccio, MT AF Willink, Tricia J. Squires, Chris C. Colman, Geoffrey W. K. Muccio, Michael T. TI Measurement and Characterization of Low-Altitude Air-to-Ground MIMO Channels SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Air-to-ground channels; multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) communications; near-field scattering; unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) ID AERONAUTICAL TELEMETRY; MODEL; PERFORMANCE; BAND; COMMUNICATION; NETWORKS; UAV AB To support the development of high-capacity air-to-ground links for range extension, measurements of the low-altitude air-to-ground channel were made at 915 MHz. Two transmit antennas were mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), which was flown in loops at an altitude of approximately 200 m above ground level. The received signals were recorded at each of eight antenna elements mounted on a van at locations outside and inside the flight loop. The analysis of the measurements shows that there are regions where the spatial diversity is significant, despite the sparse multipath environment, indicating spatial decorrelation at both the ground and air terminals. The variations in spatial correlation across the receiver array indicate the presence of nonplanar wavefronts produced by the signals' interaction with objects in the array near field, in particular the measurement vehicle. A similar effect is probable at the UAV, and it is expected that more significant near-field effects would arise on a more conventional air platform. These support significant reductions in outage probability at both receiver locations: With appropriate signaling strategies, an airborne platform could provide a viable relay or broadcast node for high-capacity communications using a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system. C1 [Willink, Tricia J.; Squires, Chris C.; Colman, Geoffrey W. K.] Commun Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K2H 8S2, Canada. [Willink, Tricia J.] Def Res & Dev, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Z4, Canada. [Muccio, Michael T.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Willink, TJ; Squires, CC; Colman, GWK (reprint author), Commun Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K2H 8S2, Canada.; Willink, TJ (reprint author), Def Res & Dev, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Z4, Canada.; Muccio, MT (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM tricia.willink@drdc-rddc.gc.ca; chris.squires@crc.gc.ca; geoff.colman@crc.gc.ca; michael.muccio@us.af.mil FU Defence RD Canada FX The work at the Communications Research Centre was supported by Defence R&D Canada. This work was performed in collaboration with The Technical Cooperation Program. AFRL release case number: 88ABW-2013-5510. This document contains Information authorized under the auspices of The Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP) for unlimited release and distribution. The review of this paper was coordinated by Prof. T. Kuerner. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 11 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9545 EI 1939-9359 J9 IEEE T VEH TECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 65 IS 4 BP 2637 EP 2648 DI 10.1109/TVT.2015.2419738 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA DK6KE UT WOS:000375031500061 ER PT J AU Petersen, CD Leve, F Flynn, M Kolmanovsky, I AF Petersen, Christopher D. Leve, Frederick Flynn, Molly Kolmanovsky, Ilya TI Recovering Linear Controllability of an Underactuated Spacecraft by Exploiting Solar Radiation Pressure SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID 2 REACTION WHEELS; ATTITUDE STABILIZATION; RIGID SPACECRAFT; SATELLITE AB This paper describes a method for recovering linear controllability for the attitude of an underactuated spacecraft by accounting for the effects of solar radiation pressure in the spacecraft attitude model. The developments are based on a spacecraft model that has at least two functional reaction wheels. A solar radiation pressure torque model that is a function of spacecraft attitude is incorporated and, under suitable assumptions, can be simplified for spacecraft with body symmetry. Conditions are given under which a symmetric-body spacecraft will experience zero solar radiation pressure torque. The stability of the underactuated spacecraft model is discussed, and necessary and sufficient conditions are given for linear controllability to be regained when solar radiation pressure torques are included in the spacecraft attitude model. With linear controllability restored, conventional controllers can be designed for underactuated spacecraft. Controllability of a cuboid spacecraft under the influence of solar radiation pressure is then analyzed. Nonlinear simulations illustrate this novel approach to recover pointing by controlling two functioning reaction wheels while two other wheels undergo subsequent failures. C1 [Petersen, Christopher D.; Flynn, Molly; Kolmanovsky, Ilya] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Leve, Frederick] US Air Force Res Lab, Guidance Nav & Control Syst Grp, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Flynn, Molly] Raytheon Missile Syst, Guidance Nav & Control Syst Grp, Tucson, AZ 85756 USA. RP Petersen, CD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD APR PY 2016 VL 39 IS 4 BP 826 EP 837 DI 10.2514/1.G001446 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA DK4BH UT WOS:000374861000007 ER PT J AU Wall, AT Gee, KL Neilsen, TB McKinley, RL James, MM AF Wall, Alan T. Gee, Kent L. Neilsen, Tracianne B. McKinley, Richard L. James, Michael M. TI Military jet noise source imaging using multisource statistically optimized near-field acoustical holography SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AIRCRAFT NOISE; INSTABILITY; DECOMPOSITION; RADIATION; MODELS AB The identification of acoustic sources is critical to targeted noise reduction efforts for jets on high-performance tactical aircraft. This paper describes the imaging of acoustic sources from a tactical jet using near-field acoustical holography techniques. The measurement consists of a series of scans over the hologram with a dense microphone array. Partial field decomposition methods are performed to generate coherent holograms. Numerical extrapolation of data beyond the measurement aperture mitigates artifacts near the aperture edges. A multisource equivalent wave model is used that includes the effects of the ground reflection on the measurement. Multisource statistically optimized near-field acoustical holography (M-SONAH) is used to reconstruct apparent source distributions between 20 and 1250 Hz at four engine powers. It is shown that M-SONAH produces accurate field reconstructions for both inward and outward propagation in the region spanned by the physical hologram measurement. Reconstructions across the set of engine powers and frequencies suggests that directivity depends mainly on estimated source location; sources farther downstream radiate at a higher angle relative to the inlet axis. At some frequencies and engine powers, reconstructed fields exhibit multiple radiation lobes originating from overlapped source regions, which is a phenomenon relatively recently reported for full-scale jets. C1 [Wall, Alan T.; McKinley, Richard L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Battlespace Acoust Branch, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Gee, Kent L.; Neilsen, Tracianne B.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N283 ESC, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [James, Michael M.] Blue Ridge Res & Consulting LLC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Wall, AT (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Battlespace Acoust Branch, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM alantwall@gmail.com FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (USAFRL) through the SBIR program; Cooperative Research and Development Agreement among Blue Ridge Research and Consulting; Brigham Young University; Air Force FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (USAFRL) through the SBIR program and support through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement among Blue Ridge Research and Consulting, Brigham Young University, and the Air Force. This research was supported in part by the appointment of A.T.W. to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Warfighter Interface Division, Battlespace Acoustics Branch administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and USAFRL. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2016 VL 139 IS 4 BP 1938 EP 1950 DI 10.1121/1.4945719 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA DK5QN UT WOS:000374974900046 PM 27106340 ER PT J AU Terpening, CD Kunz, DL Dickerson, SM AF Terpening, Christopher D. Kunz, Donald L. Dickerson, Stephen M. TI Characterization of CH-47D Rotor System Fault Signatures Using a Comprehensive Model SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB An investigation of rotor smoothing adjustments using a comprehensive model of the CH-47D helicopter in the Rotorcraft Comprehensive Analysis System (RCAS) was undertaken to assess the capabilities of simulations to support the development of condition-based maintenance systems. Tip weight, pitch link, and trim tab adjustments were modeled in RCAS, and simulations were performed using both a uniform inflow model and a prescribed wake model. Trim and periodic solution methods were also explored. Calculations showed that the periodic solution method did not always produce acceptable results, and the prescribed wake model was preferred over uniform inflow because of the trim tab results. Comparisons of computed results with empirical rotor smoothing coefficients showed that this model was not sufficiently accurate for training condition-based maintenance systems, but did exhibit certain characteristics that presage the potential of an enhanced model with increased fidelity. C1 [Terpening, Christopher D.] US Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Kunz, Donald L.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Dickerson, Stephen M.] US Marine Corps, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Kunz, DL (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM donald.kunz@afit.edu FU U.S. Army Aviation Engineering Directorate, AMRDEC FX The authors would like acknowledge the valuable technical support provided by Dr. Hossein-Ali Saberi from Advanced Rotorcraft Technology, Inc., Dr. Robert A. Ormiston from the U.S. Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate, and Dr. Christian R. Brackbill from the U.S. Army Aviation Engineering Directorate, AMRDEC. Partial funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Army Aviation Engineering Directorate, AMRDEC. The views expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 EI 2161-6027 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD APR PY 2016 VL 61 IS 2 AR 022012 DI 10.4050/JAHS.61.022012 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DK3UI UT WOS:000374842500012 ER PT J AU Leger, T Bisek, N Poggie, J AF Leger, Timothy Bisek, Nicholas Poggie, Jonathan TI Computations of Turbulent Flow over a Sharp Fin at Mach 5 SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER INTERACTIONS; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; SHOCK-WAVE; LINE RELAXATION; FLOWFIELD AB Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations were carried out for sharp fin-induced shock wave/turbulent boundary-layer interactions at Mach 5. Calculations were executed for two fin angles of attack, with each case employing four turbulence models. The computational results were compared with vetted experimental data. For all the cases considered, the calculations replicated the experimentally observed flow structure, which is primarily determined by inviscid, rotational flow effects. Predictions of parameters dominated by viscous effects tended to be less accurate. The predictions of the different turbulence models were qualitatively consistent, but the predicted peak skin friction and wall heat flux varied by as much as a factor of two between the models. The discrepancies between computation and experiment are believed to be a result of large-scale unsteadiness and three dimensionality, which are not captured well by conventional turbulence models. C1 [Leger, Timothy] US Air Force, Res Lab, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bisek, Nicholas; Poggie, Jonathan] US Air Force, Res Lab, Hyperson Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Poggie, Jonathan] Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Leger, T (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.leger.ctr@us.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This project was funded in part by grants from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, monitored by J. Schmisseur and Leyva. The authors wish to thank the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Department of Defense (DoD) Supercomputing Resource Center for computer time and G. Candler for the use of the US3D solver. Additional computer hours were provided under a DoD High-Performance Computing Modernization Program Frontier Project (R. Gosse, Principal Investigator). NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 EI 1533-6808 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD APR PY 2016 VL 30 IS 2 BP 394 EP 402 DI 10.2514/1.T4698 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA DK4CA UT WOS:000374863100015 ER PT J AU Yarnell, JE McCusker, CE Leeds, AJ Breaux, JM Castellano, FN AF Yarnell, James E. McCusker, Catherine E. Leeds, Alexander J. Breaux, Josue M. Castellano, Felix N. TI Exposing the Excited-State Equilibrium in an Ir-III Bichromophore: A Combined Time Resolved Spectroscopy and Computational Study SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Iridium; Chromophores; Luminescence; Photophysics; Electronic structure; Density functional calculations; Triplet states; Transient absorption kinetics ID CYCLOMETALATED IRIDIUM(III) COMPLEXES; EMITTING ELECTROCHEMICAL-CELLS; TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; TRIPLET ENERGY-TRANSFER; PHOTOINDUCED HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; LIGHT AB The electronic structure and photophysical properties of a luminescent Ir-III bis-cyclometalated complex covalently attached to one 4-piperidinyl-1,8-naphthalimide (PNI) chromophore through a coordinated 1,10-phenanthroline, [Ir(ppy)(2)-(phen-PNI)](PF6), is presented. This bichromophore represents a new class of visible light-harvesting Ir-III complexes that exhibit markedly enhanced room-temperature excited-state lifetimes (tau = 8.8 ms) as a result of intervening ligand-centered triplet states present on the pendant naphthalimide chromophore. In this Ir-III complex, the intense singlet fluorescence of the pendant PNI chromophore is nearly quantitatively quenched and was found to sensitize the Ir-III metal/ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLLCT) excited state. The excited state ultimately returns to the PNI chromophore as a long-lived excited triplet that disposes of its energy by equilibrating with the photoluminescent Ir-III MLLCT excited state. Evidence of the excited-state equilibrium is provided through static and dynamic photoluminescence spectroscopy, transient absorption spectroscopy, and time-dependent density functional theory calculations. C1 [Yarnell, James E.; McCusker, Catherine E.; Castellano, Felix N.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Box 8204, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Yarnell, James E.; Leeds, Alexander J.; Breaux, Josue M.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Yarnell, James E.; Leeds, Alexander J.; Breaux, Josue M.] US Air Force Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Castellano, FN (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Box 8204, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM fncastel@ncsu.edu RI McCusker, Catherine/B-6986-2013 OI McCusker, Catherine/0000-0002-0471-9034 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0011979]; Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Award Number DE-SC0011979. J.E.Y. was supported by the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). NR 76 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 16 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-1948 EI 1099-0682 J9 EUR J INORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. PD APR PY 2016 IS 12 BP 1808 EP 1818 DI 10.1002/ejic.201600194 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA DK1VE UT WOS:000374702100006 ER PT J AU Blasch, K Kolivosky, J Hill, B AF Blasch, Kyle Kolivosky, John Hill, Barry TI Occupational exposures among personnel working near combined burn pit and incinerator operations at Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Burn pit; incinerator; inhalation exposurePAHparticulate matter ID RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; MILITARY PERSONNEL; DEPLOYED SETTINGS; HEALTH; IRAQ; EMISSIONS; VETERANS; ILLNESS; INJURY; IMPACT AB Occupational air samples were collected at Bagram Airfield Afghanistan for security forces (SF) stationed at the perimeter of the solid waste disposal facility that included a burn pit, air curtain destructors, and solid waste and medical waste incinerators. The objective of the investigation was to quantify inhalation exposures of workers near the disposal facility. Occupational air sample analytes included total particulates not otherwise specified (PNOS), respirable PNOS, acrolein and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Exposures were measured for four SF job specialties. Thirty 12-hour shifts were monitored from November 2011 to March 2012. The geometric means for respirable particulate matter and PAH for all job specialties were below the 12-hour adjusted American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists threshold limit value time weighted averages (TLV-TWA). The geometric mean of the respirable particulate matter 12-hour TWAs for the four job specialties ranged from 0.116 to 0.134 mg/m(3). One measurement collected at the tower (3.1 mg/m(3)) position exceeded the TLV-TWA. Naphthalene and pyrene were the only PAHs detected in multiple samples of the 18 PAHs analyzed. The geometric mean concentration for naphthalene was 9.39E-4 mg/m(3) and the maximum concentration was 0.0051 mg/m(3). The geometric mean of acrolein for the four job specialties ranged from 0.021 to 0.047 mg/m(3). There were four exceedances of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration 8-hour permissible exposure limit-time weighted average (PEL-TWA), respectively, ranging from 0.13 to 0.32 mg/m(3). C1 [Blasch, Kyle] USAF, 230 Collins Rd, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Kolivosky, John] US Army, Inst Publ Hlth, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Hill, Barry] US Air Force Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Blasch, K (reprint author), USAF, 230 Collins Rd, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM kblasch@usgs.gov FU U.S. Department of Defense FX Funding for this investigation was provided by the U.S. Department of Defense. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 EI 1091-7691 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 28 IS 5 BP 216 EP 225 DI 10.3109/08958378.2016.1145768 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA DK0VX UT WOS:000374631400002 PM 27092584 ER PT J AU Lincoln, KP Sun, AYT Prihoda, TJ Sutton, AJ AF Lincoln, Ketu P. Sun, Albert Y. T. Prihoda, Thomas J. Sutton, Alan J. TI Comparative Accuracy of Facial Models Fabricated Using Traditional and 3D Imaging Techniques SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS-IMPLANT ESTHETIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE Moulage; facial prosthetics; 3D imaging; 3D models; dental materials; stereolithography; rapid prototyping ID BEAM COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; DIGITAL 3-DIMENSIONAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY; ANTHROPOMETRIC PRECISION; RELIABILITY; IMAGES; STEREOPHOTOGRAMMETRY; SYSTEM; GENEX; CORPS; HEAD AB PurposeThe purpose of this investigation was to compare the accuracy of facial models fabricated using facial moulage impression methods to the three-dimensional printed (3DP) fabrication methods using soft tissue images obtained from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D stereophotogrammetry (3D-SPG) scans. Materials and MethodsA reference phantom model was fabricated using a 3D-SPG image of a human control form with ten fiducial markers placed on common anthropometric landmarks. This image was converted into the investigation control phantom model (CPM) using 3DP methods. The CPM was attached to a camera tripod for ease of image capture. Three CBCT and three 3D-SPG images of the CPM were captured. The DICOM and STL files from the three 3dMD and three CBCT were imported to the 3DP, and six testing models were made. Reversible hydrocolloid and dental stone were used to make three facial moulages of the CPM, and the impressions/casts were poured in type IV gypsum dental stone. A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) was used to measure the distances between each of the ten fiducial markers. Each measurement was made using one point as a static reference to the other nine points. The same measuring procedures were accomplished on all specimens. All measurements were compared between specimens and the control. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey pairwise comparison of the raters, methods, and fiducial markers. ResultsThe ANOVA multiple comparisons showed significant difference among the three methods (p < 0.05). Further, the interaction of methods versus fiducial markers also showed significant difference (p < 0.05). The CBCT and facial moulage method showed the greatest accuracy. Conclusions3DP models fabricated using 3D-SPG showed statistical difference in comparison to the models fabricated using the traditional method of facial moulage and 3DP models fabricated from CBCT imaging. 3DP models fabricated using 3D-SPG were less accurate than the CPM and models fabricated using facial moulage and CBCT imaging techniques. C1 [Lincoln, Ketu P.] USAF, Dept Grad Prosthodont, Joint Base San Antonio L, TX USA. [Sun, Albert Y. T.] Natl Taipei Univ Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Prihoda, Thomas J.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Sutton, Alan J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Restorat Dent, Sch Dent Med, Aurora, CO USA. RP Sun, AYT (reprint author), Natl Taipei Univ Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Taipei 106, Taiwan.; Sutton, AJ (reprint author), 13045 E 17th Ave Ste F845, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. EM albertsunasun@gmail.com; Alan.sutton@ucdenver.edu NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1059-941X EI 1532-849X J9 J PROSTHODONT JI J. Prosthodont. PD APR PY 2016 VL 25 IS 3 BP 207 EP 215 DI 10.1111/jopr.12358 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA DJ6UI UT WOS:000374348300004 PM 26381058 ER PT J AU Connelly, BC Steenbergen, EH Smith, HE Elhamri, S Mitchel, WC Mou, S Metcalfe, GD Brown, GJ Wraback, M AF Connelly, Blair C. Steenbergen, Elizabeth H. Smith, Howard E. Elhamri, Said Mitchel, William C. Mou, Shin Metcalfe, Grace D. Brown, Gail J. Wraback, Michael TI Dependence of minority carrier lifetime of Be-doped InAs/InAsSb type-II infrared superlattices on temperature and doping density SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Compound Semiconductor Week (CSW) / 42nd International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors (ISCS) / 27th International Conferences on Indium Phos-phide and Related Materials (IPRM) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL Santa Barbara, CA DE beryllium doping; InAs; minority-carrier lifetime; time-resolved photoluminescence; type-II superlattices AB We investigate the minority carrier lifetime of Be-doped InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattices as a function of doping density and temperature using time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) to determine if switching the superlattice type from the typical n-type residual carrier concentration to p-type may improve device performance by improving the lifetime-mobility product. The introduction of the Be dopant to the superlattice reduces the carrier lifetime, first by a factor of approximate to 3 for doping densities near or below the n-type residual carrier concentration, then by an order of magnitude for samples doped well above the residual carrier concentration. Further, the higher-doped p-type samples demonstrate two distinct TRPL decay regimes and two peaks in the PL spectra, suggesting the formation of an additional acceptor-related recombination pathway leading to the observed shorter carrier lifetime. C1 [Connelly, Blair C.; Metcalfe, Grace D.; Wraback, Michael] US Army, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Steenbergen, Elizabeth H.; Mitchel, William C.; Mou, Shin; Brown, Gail J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Smith, Howard E.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Elhamri, Said] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Connelly, BC (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM blair.connelly.civ@mail.mil; elizabeth.steenbergen.1@us.af.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD APR PY 2016 VL 253 IS 4 BP 630 EP 634 DI 10.1002/pssb.201552497 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DJ3YL UT WOS:000374142500005 ER PT J AU Walsh, AJ Sharick, JT Skala, MC Beier, HT AF Walsh, Alex J. Sharick, Joe T. Skala, Melissa C. Beier, Hope T. TI Temporal binning of time-correlated single photon counting data improves exponential decay fits and imaging speed SO BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE LIFETIME; RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE; BREAST-CANCER; IN-VIVO; MICROSCOPY; FRET; NADH; DECONVOLUTION; ARRAYS; CELLS AB Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) enables acquisition of fluorescence lifetime decays with high temporal resolution within the fluorescence decay. However, many thousands of photons per pixel are required for accurate lifetime decay curve representation, instrument response deconvolution, and lifetime estimation, particularly for two-component lifetimes. TCSPC imaging speed is inherently limited due to the single photon per laser pulse nature and low fluorescence event efficiencies (<10%) required to reduce bias towards short lifetimes. Here, simulated fluorescence lifetime decays are analyzed by SPCImage and SLIM Curve software to determine the limiting lifetime parameters and photon requirements of fluorescence lifetime decays that can be accurately fit. Data analysis techniques to improve fitting accuracy for low photon count data were evaluated. Temporal binning of the decays from 256 time bins to 42 time bins significantly (p<0.0001) improved fit accuracy in SPCImage and enabled accurate fits with low photon counts (as low as 700 photons/decay), a 6-fold reduction in required photons and therefore improvement in imaging speed. Additionally, reducing the number of free parameters in the fitting algorithm by fixing the lifetimes to known values significantly reduced the lifetime component error from 27.3% to 3.2% in SPCImage (p<0.0001) and from 50.6% to 4.2% in SLIM Curve (p<0.0001). Analysis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-lactate dehydrogenase (NADH-LDH) solutions confirmed temporal binning of TCSPC data and a reduced number of free parameters improves exponential decay fit accuracy in SPCImage. Altogether, temporal binning (in SPCImage) and reduced free parameters are data analysis techniques that enable accurate lifetime estimation from low photon count data and enable TCSPC imaging speeds up to 6x and 300x faster, respectively, than traditional TCSPC analysis. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Walsh, Alex J.] CNR, Jbsa Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Walsh, Alex J.; Beier, Hope T.] US Air Force, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Bioeffects Div, Optic Radiat Bioeffects Branch, 711th Human Performance Wing, Jbsa Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Sharick, Joe T.; Skala, Melissa C.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Beier, HT (reprint author), US Air Force, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Bioeffects Div, Optic Radiat Bioeffects Branch, 711th Human Performance Wing, Jbsa Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM hope.beier.1@us.af.mil FU National Research Council; AFOSR [14RH02COR, R01 CA185747]; NSF GRFP FX Funding sources include the National Research Council Research Associateship Program (AW), AFOSR LRIR#14RH02COR, R01 CA185747, and the NSF GRFP (JTS). NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2156-7085 J9 BIOMED OPT EXPRESS JI Biomed. Opt. Express PD APR 1 PY 2016 VL 7 IS 4 BP 1385 EP 1399 DI 10.1364/BOE.7.001385 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA DI8UY UT WOS:000373778900026 PM 27446663 ER PT J AU Wettemann, R AF Wettemann, Robert TI Sacrificing Soldiers on the National Mall SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Wettemann, Robert] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Wettemann, R (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 EI 1543-7795 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2016 VL 80 IS 2 BP 616 EP 617 PG 2 WC History SC History GA DI8KZ UT WOS:000373751200075 ER PT J AU Satko, DP Shaffer, JB Tiley, JS Semiatin, SL Pilchak, AL Kalidindi, SR Kosaka, Y Glavicic, MG Salem, AA AF Satko, Daniel P. Shaffer, Joshua B. Tiley, Jaimie S. Semiatin, S. Lee Pilchak, Adam L. Kalidindi, Surya R. Kosaka, Yoji Glavicic, Michael G. Salem, Ayman A. TI Effect of microstructure on oxygen rich layer evolution and its impact on fatigue life during high-temperature application of alpha/beta titanium SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Oxygen-rich layer; Alpha case; alpha/beta titanium alloys; Lifing; Thermal protection systems ID TI-6AL-2SN-4ZR-2MO ALLOY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HEAT-TREATMENT; BETA-TITANIUM; OXIDATION; TI-6AL-4V; PREDICTION; EXPOSURE AB The near alpha titanium alloy, Ti-6424S, is utilized in many critical high-temperature aerospace components due to its unique properties. However, oxygen ingress during elevated-temperature exposure induces formation of a subsurface brittle oxygen-rich layer (ORL), resulting in a deterioration of mechanical performance. This paper, for the first time, establishes the effect of the underlying microstructure on the formation and evolution of the ORL in 413 titanium alloys. In addition, models were developed to predict (i) the evolution of ORL as a function of the material microstructure, (ii) the effect of ORL on the critical strain for in-service crack initiation, and (iii) estimates of fatigue life of components made from a specific microstructure during in-service high temperature exposure and formation of ORL. In particular, five different microstructures were produced by tailored heat-treatments and thermally exposed at 650 degrees C up to 420 h. The base metal and the ORL were quantified using microhardness indentations, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), backscattered electron (BSE), and secondary electron (SE) imaging). The effective diffusion coefficients (Deg) for each microstructure were calculated and then integrated into a critical strain model to predict crack initiation strain as a function of exposure time. The predicted ORL thickness was used to estimate fatigue life using experimentally measured crack growth data. The largest Deg coefficient was observed in a colony microstructure, while a basketweave microstructure showed the smallest Deft. For several bimodal microstructures, Deg was noted to increase with increasing area fraction of secondary alpha colonies. (C) 2016 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Satko, Daniel P.; Shaffer, Joshua B.; Salem, Ayman A.] Mat Resources LLC, 714 E Monument Ave,Suite 130, Dayton, OH 45402 USA. [Tiley, Jaimie S.; Semiatin, S. Lee; Pilchak, Adam L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Kalidindi, Surya R.] Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kosaka, Yoji] TIMET Henderson Tech Lab, Henderson, NV 89015 USA. [Glavicic, Michael G.] Rolls Royce Corp, Indianapolis, IN 46206 USA. RP Satko, DP (reprint author), Mat Resources LLC, 714 E Monument Ave,Suite 130, Dayton, OH 45402 USA. EM dan.satko@icmrl.net RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU SBIR [FA8650-13-C-5178] FX This work was performed as part of the in-house research activities of Materials Resources LLC under a SBIR contract from the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXCM, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH (Dr. J. Tiley program manager). DPS, JBS, AAS, SRK were supported under SBIR contract FA8650-13-C-5178. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD APR 1 PY 2016 VL 107 BP 377 EP 389 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.01.058 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA DI3SU UT WOS:000373419600035 ER PT J AU Shade, PA Menasche, DB Bernier, JV Kenesei, P Park, JS Suter, RM Schuren, JC Turner, TJ AF Shade, Paul A. Menasche, David B. Bernier, Joel V. Kenesei, Peter Park, Jun-Sang Suter, Robert M. Schuren, Jay C. Turner, Todd J. TI Fiducial marker application method for position alignment of in situ multimodal X-ray experiments and reconstructions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE high-energy diffraction microscopy; HEDM; X-ray diffraction; three-dimensional characterization; microstructure; fiducial markers ID DIFFRACTION CONTRAST TOMOGRAPHY; POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; GRAIN; MICROSCOPY; MICROTOMOGRAPHY; OPPORTUNITIES; ORIENTATION; TOOL AB An evolving suite of X-ray characterization methods are presently available to the materials community, providing a great opportunity to gain new insight into material behavior and provide critical validation data for materials models. Two critical and related issues are sample repositioning during an in situ experiment and registration of multiple data sets after the experiment. To address these issues, a method is described which utilizes a focused ion-beam scanning electron microscope equipped with a micromanipulator to apply gold fiducial markers to samples for X-ray measurements. The method is demonstrated with a synchrotron X-ray experiment involving in situ loading of a titanium alloy tensile specimen. C1 [Shade, Paul A.; Schuren, Jay C.; Turner, Todd J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Menasche, David B.; Suter, Robert M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Bernier, Joel V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Engn Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kenesei, Peter; Park, Jun-Sang] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Schuren, Jay C.] Nutonian Inc, Somerville, MA 02144 USA. RP Shade, PA (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM paul.shade.1@us.af.mil RI Shade, Paul/H-6459-2011; Suter, Robert/P-2541-2014 OI Suter, Robert/0000-0002-0651-0437 FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the US Air Force Research Laboratory; US DOE [DEAC02-06CH11357] FX The authors thank Dr Michael Uchic (Air Force Research Laboratory) for useful discussions regarding the fiducial marker fabrication methodology, Dr Adam Pilchak (Air Force Research Laboratory) for providing the Ti-7Al material, and Basil Blank (PulseRay), Ali Mashayekhi (Advanced Photon Source) and Jon Almer (Advanced Photon Source) for help with the experiment. The authors acknowledge support from the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the US Air Force Research Laboratory. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the US DOE under contract No. DEAC02-06CH11357. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2016 VL 49 BP 700 EP 704 DI 10.1107/S1600576716001989 PN 2 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA DI7SJ UT WOS:000373702000045 ER PT J AU Machida, M Panasyuk, GY Wang, ZM Markel, VA Schotland, JC AF Machida, Manabu Panasyuk, George Y. Wang, Zheng-Min Markel, Vadim A. Schotland, John C. TI Radiative transport and optical tomography with large datasets SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION TOMOGRAPHY; INTERNAL-REFLECTION; INVERSION FORMULAS; EQUATION; LIGHT; SCATTERING; BOUNDARY; MEDIA; RECONSTRUCTION; SPHERE AB We consider the inverse problem of optical tomography in the radiative transport regime. We report numerical tests of a direct reconstruction method that is suitable for use with large datasets. Reconstructions of experimental data obtained from a noncontact optical tomography system are also reported. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Machida, Manabu; Schotland, John C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Math, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Panasyuk, George Y.] Air Force Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, Zheng-Min] Univ Penn, Dept Bioengn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Markel, Vadim A.] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Inst Fresnel, UMR 7249,Cent Marseille, F-130113 Marseille, France. [Schotland, John C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Schotland, JC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Math, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.; Schotland, JC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM schotland@umich.edu RI Markel, Vadim/A-1029-2007 OI Markel, Vadim/0000-0002-9748-6865 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [P41-RR002305, R01EB004832]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMS-0554100, DMS-1108969] FX National Institutes of Health (NIH) (P41-RR002305, R01EB004832); National Science Foundation (NSF) (DMS-0554100, DMS-1108969). NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 EI 1520-8532 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD APR 1 PY 2016 VL 33 IS 4 BP 551 EP 558 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.33.000551 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA DI3KU UT WOS:000373398300016 PM 27140763 ER PT J AU Hsu, PS Roy, S Zhang, Z Sawyer, J Slipchenko, MN Mance, JG Gord, JR AF Hsu, Paul S. Roy, Sukesh Zhang, Zhili Sawyer, Jordan Slipchenko, Mikhail N. Mance, Jason G. Gord, James R. TI High-repetition-rate laser ignition of fuel-air mixtures SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPARK-IGNITION; DELIVERY; FIBER AB A laser-ignition (LI) method is presented that utilizes a high-repetition-rate (HRR) nanosecond laser to reduce minimal ignition energies of individual pulses by similar to 10 times while maintaining comparable total energies. The most common LI employs a single nanosecond-laser pulse with energies on the order of tens of millijoules to ignite combustible gaseous mixtures. Because of the requirements of high energy per pulse, fiber coupling of traditional LI systems is difficult to implement in real-world systems with limited optical access. The HRR LI method demonstrated here has an order of magnitude lower per-pulse energy requirement than the traditional single-pulse LI technique, potentially allowing delivery through standard commercial optical fibers. Additionally, the HRR LI approach significantly increases the ignition probability of lean combustible mixtures in high-speed flows while maintaining low individual pulse energies. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Hsu, Paul S.; Roy, Sukesh; Slipchenko, Mikhail N.; Mance, Jason G.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Zhang, Zhili; Sawyer, Jordan] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Gord, James R.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hsu, PS (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM phsu4031@yahoo.com FU Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) [FA9101-14-M-0011Distribution A, AEDC2015-272]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [1418848] FX Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) (FA9101-14-M-0011Distribution A, No. AEDC2015-272); National Science Foundation (NSF) (1418848). NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1570 EP 1573 DI 10.1364/OL.41.001570 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA DI0ZI UT WOS:000373225400067 PM 27192289 ER PT J AU Butler, WP Steinkraus, LW Burlingame, EE Fouts, BL Serres, JL AF Butler, William P. Steinkraus, Lawrence W. Burlingame, Esther E. Fouts, Brittany L. Serres, Jennifer L. TI Complication Rates in Altitude Restricted Patients Following Aeromedical Evacuation SO AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE cabin altitude restriction; postflight complications; aeromedical evacuation ID INTERSTITIAL FLUID PRESSURE; NEGATIVE-PRESSURE; PLASMA-VOLUME; TRANSMISSION; PHYSIOLOGY; EXPOSURES; TREATISE; MEDICINE; TISSUE; FLIGHT AB INTRODUCTION: Military aeromedical evacuation, especially that associated with the present Middle East conflict, is seeing increasing research. This ecological study initiates research into the validating flight surgeon by looking at cabin altitude restriction (CAR), arguably the validating flight surgeon's prescription with the highest patient-mission impact, and its association with postflight complications. METHODS: CAR rates from January 2006 through February 2008 were determined from the U.S. Transportation Command Regulating and Command and Control Evacuation System database. Postflight complication rates the rate of patients with postflight complications (PFC) and the postflight complications per 100 patients (PFC-100) from January 2007 through June 2008 were calculated from the Landstuhl Regional Medical Center trauma database. CAR and complication rates were examined before, during, and after the authors' deployment. In addition, the relationship between CAR and postflight complication rates was investigated; as the rates were nonlinear, a Spearman correlation was performed. RESULTS: CAR rates during the authors' deployments were significantly up compared to the authors' predecessors or successors; their predecessors and successors did not differ statistically. Likewise, the PFC rate during the authors' deployments was significantly lower than that of the before or after time frames. Furthermore, a statistically significant inverse relationship between CAR and PFC rates (Spearman rho = -0.587) as well as CAR and PFC-100 rates (Spearman rho = -0.568) was demonstrated. DISCUSSION: CAR rate was inversely correlated to PFC and PFC-100 rates. This finding suggests that aggressive prescribing of CARs may have a salutary effect on postflight complication rates and bears further investigation. C1 [Butler, William P.; Steinkraus, Lawrence W.; Burlingame, Esther E.; Fouts, Brittany L.; Serres, Jennifer L.] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Butler, WP (reprint author), 732 Okuma Dr, Chester, VA 23836 USA. EM sumokokeshi@gmail.com NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 2375-6314 EI 2375-6322 J9 AEROSP MED HUM PERF JI Aerosp. Med.Hum. Perform. PD APR PY 2016 VL 87 IS 4 BP 352 EP 359 DI 10.3357/AMHP.4378.2016 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Research & Experimental Medicine GA DH4RA UT WOS:000372771900001 PM 27026118 ER PT J AU Ibey, BL Roth, CC Ledwig, PB Payne, JA Amato, AL Dalzell, DR Bernhard, JA Doroski, MW Mylacraine, KS Seaman, RL Nelson, GS Woods, CW AF Ibey, Bennett L. Roth, Caleb C. Ledwig, Patrick B. Payne, Jason A. Amato, Alayna L. Dalzell, Danielle R. Bernhard, Joshua A. Doroski, Michael W. Mylacraine, Kevin S. Seaman, Ronald L. Nelson, Gregory S. Woods, Clifford W. TI Cellular effects of acute exposure to high peak power microwave systems: Morphology and toxicology SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE electroportation; Jurkat; electromagnetic pulse; bioeffects; standards ID ISOLATED HEART FUNCTION; ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE; RADIATION AB Electric fields produced by advanced pulsed microwave transmitter technology now readily exceed the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) C.95.1 peak E-field limit of 100kV/m, highlighting a need for scientific validation of such a specific limit. Toward this goal, we exposed Jurkat Clone E-6 human lymphocyte preparations to 20 high peak power microwave (HPPM) pulses (120ns duration) with a mean peak amplitude of 2.3MV/m and standard deviation of 0.1 with the electric field at cells predicted to range from 0.46 to 2.7MV/m, well in excess of current standard limit. We observed that membrane integrity and cell morphology remained unchanged 4h after exposure and cell survival 24h after exposure was not statistically different from sham exposure or control samples. Using flow cytometry to analyze membrane disruption and morphological changes per exposed cell, no changes were observed in HPPM-exposed samples. Current IEEE C95.1-2005 standards for pulsed radiofrequency exposure limits peak electric field to 100kV/m for pulses shorter than 100ms [IEEE (1995) PC95.1Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Electric, Magnetic and Electromagnetic Fields, 0 Hz to 300 GHz, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers: Piscataway, NJ, USA]. This may impose large exclusion zones that limit HPPM technology use. In this study, we offer evidence that maximum permissible exposure of 100kV/m for peak electric field may be unnecessarily restrictive for HPPM devices. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:141-151, 2016. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Ibey, Bennett L.; Payne, Jason A.; Amato, Alayna L.; Dalzell, Danielle R.; Bernhard, Joshua A.; Doroski, Michael W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate,Joint Base San An, Radio Frequency Bioeffects Branch,Bioeffects Div, 711th Human Performance Wing, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Roth, Caleb C.; Ledwig, Patrick B.; Mylacraine, Kevin S.; Seaman, Ronald L.] Joint Base San Antonio, Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Nelson, Gregory S.; Woods, Clifford W.] Kirtland Air Force Base, Directed Energy Div, High Power Microwave Applicat Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Ibey, BL (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate,Joint Base San An, Radio Frequency Bioeffects Branch,Bioeffects Div, 711th Human Performance Wing, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM bennett.ibey@us.af.mil FU Joint Nonlethal Weapons Directorate. The 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory FX Grant sponsors: The Joint Nonlethal Weapons Directorate. The 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-8462 EI 1521-186X J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD APR PY 2016 VL 37 IS 3 BP 141 EP 151 DI 10.1002/bem.21962 PG 11 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA DH9OC UT WOS:000373124500001 ER PT J AU Ma, L Wu, Y Lei, QC Xu, WJ Carter, CD AF Ma, Lin Wu, Yue Lei, Qingchun Xu, Wenjiang Carter, Campbell D. TI 3D flame topography and curvature measurements at 5 kHz on a premixed turbulent Bunsen flame SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Tomography; Chemiluminesecence; 3D measurement; Turbulent combustion ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; FIBER-BASED ENDOSCOPES; HYPERSPECTRAL TOMOGRAPHY; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; BURNING VELOCITIES; REPETITION-RATE; REACTIVE FLOWS; COMBUSTION; CHEMILUMINESCENCE; TEMPERATURE AB This work reports the measurements of three-dimensional (3D) flame topography and curvature of a premixed turbulent Bunsen flame at a rate of 5 kHz, using a technique combining chemiluminescence and tomography. Line-of-sight images of chemiluminescence (termed projections) of the target flame were recorded by six cameras from different orientations simultaneously at 5 kHz. Based on these projections, a tomography algorithm reconstructed the 3D flame structure, based on which 3D curvature was then calculated. Due to the 3D nature of the data, statistics of flame properties can then be extracted both in temporal and spatial domains. Probability density function (PDF) of flame topography was extracted from a series of 3D measurements, and the PDFs of the flame at different spatial locations were examined. Furthermore, the instantaneously measured 3D flame topography also enabled the calculation of 3D flame curvature (or 2D curvature along an arbitrary orientation). The PDFs of curvature in 2D and 3D were then extracted and compared. These results provide quantification of the flame surface shape in 3D (cylindrical, elliptic, or hyperbolic), illustrating the utility of 3D diagnostics to fully resolve the dynamics of turbulent flames. (C) 2016 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ma, Lin; Wu, Yue; Xu, Wenjiang] Virginia Tech, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Ma, Lin; Lei, Qingchun] Virginia Tech, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Carter, Campbell D.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ma, L (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Laser Diagnost Lab, Dept Aerosp Ocean Engn, Room 660A Mcbryde Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM Linma@vt.edu FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-14-1-0386]; NSF [CBET 1156564] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under grant FA9550-14-1-0386 with Dr. Chiping Li as the technical monitor. Development of the imaging processing and analysis algorithms used here was supported by an NSF award (award CBET 1156564). Lin Ma is also grateful for a 2014 U.S. Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD APR PY 2016 VL 166 BP 66 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.12.031 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DH4PQ UT WOS:000372768300006 ER PT J AU Jones, AR Medina, A Spooner, H Mulleners, K AF Jones, Anya R. Medina, Albert Spooner, Hannah Mulleners, Karen TI Characterizing a burst leading-edge vortex on a rotating flat plate wing SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; VELOCITY-FIELD; FLOW STRUCTURE; VORTICES; DYNAMICS; HELICITY; RECONSTRUCTION; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSPORT; FLIGHT AB Identifying, characterizing, and tracking incoherent vortices in highly separated flows is of interest for the development of new low-order models for unsteady lift prediction. The current work examines several methods to identify vortex burst and characterize a burst leading-edge vortex. Time-resolved stereoscopic PIV was performed on a rotating flat plate wing at Re = 2500. The burst process was found to occur at mid-span and is characterized by axial flow reversal, the entrainment of opposite-sign vorticity, and a rapid expansion of vortex size. A POD analysis revealed that variations in certain mode coefficients are indicative of the flow state changes characteristics of burst. During burst, the leading-edge vortex evolves to a region of inhomogeneous vorticity distributed over a large area. Several methods of defining the vortex size and circulation are evaluated and a combination of these can be used to characterize the leading-edge vortex both pre- and post-burst. C1 [Jones, Anya R.; Spooner, Hannah; Mulleners, Karen] Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Medina, Albert] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Spooner, Hannah] Cessna Aircraft Co, Wichita, KS USA. [Mulleners, Karen] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Engn Mech, Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Jones, AR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM arjones@umd.edu; karen.mulleners@epfl.ch FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR Award [FA9550-12-1-0251]; Science Education Programs at Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR Award No. FA9550-12-1-0251 (Jones) and an appointment to the Science Education Programs at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, administered by ORAU through the U.S. Department of Energy Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (Medina). NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 EI 1432-1114 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD APR PY 2016 VL 57 IS 4 AR 52 DI 10.1007/s00348-016-2143-7 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA DH5XQ UT WOS:000372866000008 ER PT J AU Keller, AT Regan, LA Lundstrom, CC Bower, NW AF Keller, Austin T. Regan, Laura A. Lundstrom, Craig C. Bower, Nathan W. TI Evaluation of the efficacy of spatiotemporal Pb isoscapes for provenancing of human remains SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Forensic science; Anthropology; Radiogenic; Stable isotope; Pb-206/Pb-207; Isoscape ID STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; HUMAN LEAD-EXPOSURE; FORENSIC-SCIENCE; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; UNITED-STATES; RECORD; DEPOSITION; CARBONATE; CHILDREN; TEETH AB Geospatially distributed isotopes (isoscapes) from biogeochemically fractionated processes have been applied in many forensic investigations, such as authentication of food and sourcing of drugs. Provenancing of human remains using isotopes has been hindered by a lack of appropriate isoscapes, by changes in these isoscapes over time, and by various homogenization processes. In this study we create spatiotemporal isoscapes for anthropogenic lead (Pb) for the contiguous United States and Europe using literature data from dated sediments, soils and biological tissues. We compare Pb-206/Pb-207 isoscapes with isoscapes of delta C-13, delta O-18 and Sr-87/Sr-86 to determine their relative efficacy for the forensic identification of human remains. We do this comparison using third molar enamel data from 22 United States Air Force Academy cadets with known life trajectories born between 1983 and 1985. We use these spatiotemporal isoscapes with osteologic analyses, hospital records and isotopic analyses of tooth enamel carbonate from permanent teeth to help identify 32 individuals from unmarked graves found in a forgotten 19th century mental asylum cemetery. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Keller, Austin T.; Bower, Nathan W.] Colorado Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, 14 E Cache La Poudre, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. [Regan, Laura A.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Biol, 2355 Fac Dr,Suite 2P389, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Lundstrom, Craig C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, 605 E Springfield,MC 235, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Bower, NW (reprint author), Colorado Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, 14 E Cache La Poudre, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. EM austin474@gmail.com; Laura.Regan@usafa.edu; lundstro@illinois.edu; nbower@coloradocollege.edu FU Otis and Margaret Barnes Trust; Bourquin Family, Edith Gaylord and Jackson Fellowship Funds FX We dedicate this paper to the memory of J. Michael Hoffman (1944-2012). He provided the samples of the CMHIP teeth and the osteological analyses used in this study. We thank Terrie Sajbel (CMHIP) for access to the 19th century hospital records, Steve Burt for help with constructing equipment, Steven Janke and Fred Tinsley for helpful discussion of the statistics, and Matt Gottfried and Beth Scaffidi for running the Arc-GIS and SAGA-GIS isoscape models. We are also grateful for funding from the Otis and Margaret Barnes Trust, the Bourquin Family, Edith Gaylord and Jackson Fellowship Funds, and for a 2009 Merck/AAAS Undergraduate Science Research Program grant. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 EI 1872-6283 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD APR PY 2016 VL 261 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.006 PG 10 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA DH6NR UT WOS:000372907900018 PM 26914828 ER PT J AU Hilton, AM Heller, ER Dorsey, DL AF Hilton, Albert M. Heller, Eric R. Dorsey, Donald L. TI Electroluminescence Microscopy of Cross-Sectioned AlGaN/GaN High-Electron Mobility Transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE AlGaN; electrical stress; electroluminescence (EL); GaN device modeling; high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT); hot electrons; reliability ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; RELIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; DEGRADATION; HEMTS; HFETS; GAN; TRANSPORT; TRAPS AB We report an electroluminescence (EL) microscopy study of operating cross-sectioned AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors. By examining devices in a cross-sectional view, the distribution and intensity of photons emitted from underneath the optically opaque metal of the gate and drain structures can be studied. The location and the shape of EL bright spots were quantitatively compared with simulated device behavior, revealing a strong correlation between the measured EL intensity and the expected distribution of hot electrons in the channel. Under constant low-power conditions, the bulk of the EL signal migrates from the drain edge of the gate field plate to the drain edge of the source-connected field plate (SCFP) as the drain bias is increased. Hot electrons have been cited as a dominant contributor to device degradation for some devices, so quantifying their location and bias dependence is critical to understanding how this degradation rate might scale with bias and device design. In addition, devices both with and without an SCFP were imaged to quantitatively investigate the influence of the field plate on the EL signal. Finally, a measurement of the spectra of EL signals is used to estimate the temperature of hot electrons in the device. C1 [Hilton, Albert M.] Wyle Aerosp Grp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Heller, Eric R.; Dorsey, Donald L.] US Air Force, Mat Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hilton, AM (reprint author), Wyle Aerosp Grp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM albert.hilton.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; eric.heller.2@us.af.mil; donald.dorsey@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory's High Reliability Electronics Virtual Center FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Program Officer Dr. M. Kendra) and in collaboration with the Air Force Research Laboratory's High Reliability Electronics Virtual Center. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor S. Bandyopadhyay. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD APR PY 2016 VL 63 IS 4 BP 1459 EP 1463 DI 10.1109/TED.2016.2532475 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA DH8RL UT WOS:000373063800009 ER PT J AU Payne, BC Bredthauer, JS Martin, JA Merrell, JC AF Payne, Brian C. Bredthauer, Jeffery S. Martin, John A. Merrell, Jeffrey C. TI Minding the Terrazzo Gap between Athletes and Nonathletes: Representativeness, Integration, and Academic Performance at the US Air Force Academy SO JOURNAL OF SPORTS ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE sports economics; academic performance; student-athletes; representativeness; athletic integration ID QUALITY; SUCCESS; IMPACT AB The tension between focusing on collegiate athletic or academic performance has persisted for decades. A recent study finds that recruited athletes in college athletic programs underperform academically, earning lower grades than predicted. It postulates that increased representativeness and integration efforts will enhance the academic value of college athletes' experience. The U.S. Air Force Academy system presents a natural experiment of whether such efforts can affect student-athlete academic performance. In this setting, we find that student-athletes perform comparably to nonathletes after controlling for predicted academic performance. C1 [Payne, Brian C.; Martin, John A.] US Air Force Acad, Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Merrell, Jeffrey C.] US Air Force Acad, Finance & Accounting, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Bredthauer, Jeffery S.] Univ Nebraska, Finance, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. RP Payne, BC (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, HQ USAFA DFM, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM brian.payne@usafa.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1527-0025 EI 1552-7794 J9 J SPORT ECON JI J. Sport. Econ. PD APR PY 2016 VL 17 IS 3 BP 302 EP 320 DI 10.1177/1527002514530406 PG 19 WC Economics; Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA DH6KH UT WOS:000372898900005 ER PT J AU Miller, ME Gilman, JM Colombi, JM AF Miller, M. E. Gilman, J. M. Colombi, J. M. TI A model for a two-source illuminant allowing daylight colour adjustment SO LIGHTING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; PERFORMANCE AB A model is presented which determines the optimal placement of narrow-band emitters in a pair of light sources, where the correlated colour temperature (CCT) of the illumination is controlled by varying the relative intensity of the light sources. This model was exercised to determine optimally-placed 30nm and 60nm bandwidth emitters across the target range of CCTs. The results suggest that a lamp capable of high Colour Rendering Index values with respect to daylight illumination across CCT values between 4000K and 10000K can be formed from as few as three independently-selected 30 or 60nm bandwidth emitters within each source. However, when the model is constrained to require the same emitters in both light sources, adequate colour rendering requires at least four 30nm or three 60nm bandwidth emitters. C1 [Miller, M. E.; Gilman, J. M.; Colombi, J. M.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Syst Engn & Management, 2950 Hobson Way AFIT ENV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Miller, ME (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Syst Engn & Management, 2950 Hobson Way AFIT ENV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.miller@afit.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1477-1535 EI 1477-0938 J9 LIGHTING RES TECHNOL JI Lighting Res. Technol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 48 IS 2 BP 239 EP 252 DI 10.1177/1477153514559796 PG 14 WC Construction & Building Technology; Optics SC Construction & Building Technology; Optics GA DH8LO UT WOS:000373044900010 ER PT J AU Stephens, J Fierro, A Beeson, S Laity, G Trienekens, D Joshi, RP Dickens, J Neuber, A AF Stephens, J. Fierro, A. Beeson, S. Laity, G. Trienekens, D. Joshi, R. P. Dickens, J. Neuber, A. TI Photoionization capable, extreme and vacuum ultraviolet emission in developing low temperature plasmas in air SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE low temperature plasma; streamer; photoionization; spectroscopy; VUV; EUV; breakdown ID DIELECTRIC SURFACE FLASHOVER; ELECTRON-IMPACT; CROSS-SECTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS; STREAMER PROPAGATION; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTH; WAVELENGTH REGION; MEDIUM-RESOLUTION; N-2; ABSORPTION AB Experimental observation of photoionization capable extreme ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet emission from nanosecond timescale, developing low temperature plasmas (i.e. streamer discharges) in atmospheric air is presented. Applying short high voltage pulses enabled the observation of the onset of plasma formation exclusively by removing the external excitation before spark development was achieved. Contrary to the common assumption that radiative transitions from the b(1)Pi(u) (Birge-Hopfield I) and b'(1)Sigma(+)(u) (Birge-Hopfield II) singlet states of N-2 are the primary contributors to photoionization events, these results indicate that radiative transitions from the c'(1)(4)Sigma(+)(u) (Carroll-Yoshino) singlet state of N-2 are dominant in developing low temperature plasmas in air. In addition to c'(4) transitions, photoionization capable transitions from atomic and singly ionized atomic oxygen were also observed. The inclusion of c'(1)(4)Sigma(+)(u) transitions into a statistical photoionization model coupled with a fluid model enabled streamer growth in the simulation of positive streamers. C1 [Stephens, J.; Fierro, A.; Beeson, S.; Laity, G.; Trienekens, D.; Joshi, R. P.; Dickens, J.; Neuber, A.] Texas Tech Univ, Ctr Pulsed Power & Power Elect, Lubbock, TX 79407 USA. [Fierro, A.; Laity, G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Beeson, S.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Trienekens, D.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Elementary Proc Gas Discharges, POB 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Neuber, A (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Ctr Pulsed Power & Power Elect, Lubbock, TX 79407 USA. EM andreas.neuber@ttu.edu RI Dickens, James/H-5993-2016 FU AT&T Professorship in ECE at Texas Tech University; SMART scholarship; Dutch Technology Foundation STW [12119] FX This work was partially funded by the AT&T Professorship in ECE at Texas Tech University. Author (S.B.) was supported by the SMART scholarship and author (DT) was supported by project 12119 of the Dutch Technology Foundation STW. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 EI 1361-6595 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2016 VL 25 IS 2 AR 025024 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/25/2/025024 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA DG8MI UT WOS:000372337900026 ER PT J AU Riley, J Gambone, MD AF Riley, John Gambone, Michael D. TI Old Wounds, New Warriors: The Problem of Contractor Medical Care during and after Contemporary American Contingency Operations SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE private contractors; health care; injuries; reform AB American overseas military operations have become dependent upon private contractors. Thousands of these individuals have suffered casualties as a consequence of employment in high-risk parts of the world. American policy has consistently failed to meet the medical needs of hundreds of thousands of contractors. The root source of this problem is the nature of contracting itself. It is a system defined by a commercial transaction rather than the common bond shared between a citizen and the state. The current and future of costs of this basic disconnect are significant. Contractor casualties have risen at exponential rates. More broadly, policy makers must also confront the state's obligations to employees who are assuming the risks of outsourced citizenship, a question that pertains to American contractors returning home as well as the vast majority of local national workers left to their own devices once Washington declares its mission complete. C1 [Riley, John] US Air Force Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Gambone, Michael D.] Kutztown Univ Penns, Dept Hist, Reading, PA 19512 USA. RP Gambone, MD (reprint author), Kutztown Univ Penns, Dept Hist, Reading, PA 19512 USA. EM gambone@kutztown.edu NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X EI 1556-0848 J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD APR PY 2016 VL 42 IS 2 BP 344 EP 361 DI 10.1177/0095327X15590387 PG 18 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA DF4GZ UT WOS:000371307300005 ER PT J AU Butcher, DP Wadams, RC Drummy, L Koerner, H Bailey, C Scheltens, F Mccomb, D Fabris, L Durstock, MF Tabor, C AF Butcher, Dennis P., Jr. Wadams, Robert C. Drummy, Lawrence Koerner, Hilmar Bailey, Chris Scheltens, Frank Mccomb, David Fabris, Laura Durstock, Michael F. Tabor, Christopher TI Controlled Dispersion of Polystyrene-Capped Au Nanoparticles in P3HT:PC61BM and Consequences upon Active Layer Nanostructure SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE bulk heterojunction; composite; localized surface plasmon resonance; nanoparticles; nanostructure; organic photovoltaic; plasmonic enhancement; self-assembly ID ORGANIC SOLAR-CELLS; HETEROJUNCTION PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; GOLD NANORODS; MORPHOLOGY CONTROL; GRAPHENE OXIDES; POLYMER; PERFORMANCE; ENHANCEMENT; EFFICIENCY; STABILITY AB Numerous recent publications detail higher absorption and photovoltaic performance within organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices which are loaded with Au or Ag nanoparticles to leverage the light management properties of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). This report details the impact upon film morphology and polymer/nanoparticle interactions caused by incorporation of polystyrene-coated Au nanoparticles (Au/PS) into the P3HT:PC61BM bulk heterojunction film. Nanostructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray scattering reveals tunable Au/PS particle assembly that depends upon the choice of casting solvent, polymer chain length, film drying time, and Au/PS particle loading density. This Au/PS particle assembly has implications on the spectral position of the Au nanoparticle LSPR, which shifts from 535 nm for individually dispersed particles in toluene to 650 nm for particles arranged in large clusters within the P3HT: PC61BM matrix. These results suggest a critical impact from PS/P3HT phase separation, which causes controlled assembly of a separate Au/PS phase in the nanoparticle/OPV composite; controlled Au/PS phase formation provides a blueprint for designing AuNP/OPV hybrid films that impart tunable optical behavior and potentially improve photovoltaic performance. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Butcher, Dennis P., Jr.; Drummy, Lawrence; Koerner, Hilmar; Bailey, Chris; Durstock, Michael F.; Tabor, Christopher] Air Force Res Lab, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Wadams, Robert C.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Nanotechnol Clean Energy IGERT, 607 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Scheltens, Frank; Mccomb, David] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Electron Microscopy & Anal CEMAS, 1305 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Fabris, Laura] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Adv Mat Devices & Nanotechnol, 607 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Tabor, C (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM christopher.tabor.1@us.af.mil FU National Science Foundation [0903661] FX We thank Alexander Hexemer and Eric Schaible for guidance, setup, and data collection at beamline 7.3.3 at ALS/LBNL. R. C. Wadams acknowledges the National Science Foundation Grant 0903661 ("Nanotechnology for Clean Energy IGERT"). NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2016 VL 54 IS 7 BP 709 EP 720 DI 10.1002/polb.23962 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DF6UQ UT WOS:000371492800002 ER PT J AU Cheng, HN Chung, SM AF Cheng, Huaining Chung, Soon M. TI Orthogonal moment-based descriptors for pose shape query on 3D point cloud patches SO PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Article DE 3D shape descriptor; Tchebichef moment; Fourier transform; Wavelet transform; Point cloud; LIDAR; 3D shape reconstruction; 3D shape retrieval ID INVARIANT PATTERN-RECOGNITION; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; OBJECT RECOGNITION; RETRIEVAL; SURFACES AB When 3D sensors such as Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) are employed in targeting and recognition of human actions from both ground and aerial platforms, the corresponding point clouds of body shape often comprise low-resolution, disjoint, and irregular patches of points resulted from self-occlusions and viewing angle variations. Many existing 3D shape descriptors designed for shape query and retrieval cannot work effectively with these degenerated point clouds because of their dependency on dense and smooth full-body scans. In this paper, a new degeneracy-tolerable, multi-scale 3D shape descriptor based on the discrete orthogonal Tchebichef moment is proposed as an alternative for single-view partial point cloud representation and characterization. To evaluate the effectiveness of our descriptor, named Tchebichef moment shape descriptor (TMSD), in human shape retrieval, we built a multi-subject pose shape baseline to produce simulated LIDAR captures at different viewing angles and conducted experiments of nearest neighbor search and point cloud reconstruction. The query results show that TMSD performs significantly better than the Fourier descriptor and is slightly better than the wavelet descriptor but more flexible to construct. In addition, we proposed a voxelization scheme that can achieve translation, scale, and resolution invariance, which may be less of a concern in the traditional full-body shape analysis but are crucial requirements for meaningful partial point cloud retrievals. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheng, Huaining; Chung, Soon M.] Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Chung, SM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM huaining.cheng@wpafb.af.mil; soon.chung@wright.edu NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0031-3203 EI 1873-5142 J9 PATTERN RECOGN JI Pattern Recognit. PD APR PY 2016 VL 52 BP 397 EP 409 DI 10.1016/j.patcog.2015.09.028 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA DB8CK UT WOS:000368744300029 ER PT J AU Bak, MS McGann, B Carter, C Do, H AF Bak, Moon Soo McGann, Brendan Carter, Campbell Do, Hyungrok TI Determinants of laser-induced breakdown spectra in N-2-O-2 mixtures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE laser-induced breakdown; emission spectroscopy; plasma temperature; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ID SPECTROSCOPY; AIR; DENSITY; GASES; SPARK AB Potential determinants of the laser-induced breakdown spectra in N-2-O-2 mixtures are investigated with varying species concentration, laser energy, and exposure time (equal to the detector's intensifier gate time). A focused laser beam with pulse energy 29 mJ, 38 mJ, or 46 mJ generates the breakdown plasma in a N-2 mixture containing O-2 from 0% to 21% in mole fraction. Time-resolved measurements of the breakdown emission spectra with 2 or 10 ns exposure are carried out beginning from the arrival of the laser beam at the focal point up to several mu s later. These measurements show the temporal evolution of the instantaneous spectrum in the range 550-825 nm that contains multiple N and O atomic/ionic emission lines. Analyses of the baseline-subtracted spectra, normalized by the peak intensity of the N atomic emission line at 747 nm, indicate that the temporal evolution of each emission line is independent of species concentration and laser energy, though the instantaneous emission line intensity is strongly dependent on the species concentration and exposure time. The plasma temperature, estimated using two atomic oxygen lines and assuming local thermal equilibrium, and its temporal evolution are shown to be independent of the species concentration and a weak function of the laser energy at a given gas density, e.g. atmospheric pressure and room temperature. In addition, thermal equilibrium calculations, for predicting atomic and ionic species concentrations in the plasma, are carried out, and the combined results dictate that the emission-line intensity is linear with the atomic/ionic species concentration because of the consistent plasma temperature and its temporal evolution, independent of species concentration. C1 [Bak, Moon Soo] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Suwon, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [McGann, Brendan] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Carter, Campbell] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Do, Hyungrok] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Seoul, South Korea. RP Do, H (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Seoul, South Korea. EM hyungrok@snu.ac.kr NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD MAR 31 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 12 AR 125202 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/49/12/125202 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DF0QJ UT WOS:000371043700014 ER PT J AU Samant, SP Grabowski, CA Kisslinger, K Yager, KG Yuan, GC Satija, SK Durstock, MF Raghavan, D Karim, A AF Samant, Saumil P. Grabowski, Christopher A. Kisslinger, Kim Yager, Kevin G. Yuan, Guangcui Satija, Sushil K. Durstock, Michael F. Raghavan, Dharmaraj Karim, Alamgir TI Directed Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers for High Breakdown Strength Polymer Film Capacitors SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE block copolymer; directed self-assembly; cold zone annealing soft-shear; lamellae; breakdown strength; barrier effect; dielectric; capacitor ID THIN-FILMS; DIELECTRIC-BREAKDOWN; SOLID DIELECTRICS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; ENERGY; NANOCOMPOSITES; ORIENTATION; ALIGNMENT; NANOPARTICLES; PERFORMANCE AB Emerging needs for fast charge/discharge yet high-power, lightweight, and flexible electronics requires the use of polymer-film-based solid-state capacitors with high energy densities. Fast charge/discharge rates of film capacitors on the order of microseconds are not achievable with slower charging conventional batteries, supercapacitors and related hybrid technologies. However, the current energy densities of polymer film capacitors fall short of rising demand, and could be significantly enhanced by increasing the breakdown strength (E-BD) and dielectric permittivity (epsilon(r)) of the polymer films. Co-extruded two-homopolymer component multilayered films have demonstrated much promise in this regard showing higher E-BD over that of component polymers. Multilayered films can also help incorporate functional features besides energy storage, such as enhanced optical, mechanical, thermal and barrier properties. In this work, we report accomplishing multilayer, multicomponent block copolymer dielectric films (BCDF) with soft-shear driven highly oriented self-assembled lamellar diblock copolymers (BCP) as a novel application of this important class of self-assembling materials. Results of a model PS-b-PMMA system show similar to 50% enhancement in E-BD of self-assembled multilayer lamellar BCP films compared to unordered as-cast films, indicating that the breakdown is highly sensitive to the nanostructure of the BCP. The enhancement in E-BD is attributed to the "barrier effect", where the multiple interfaces between the lamellae block components act as barriers to the dielectric breakdown through the film. The increase in E-BD corresponds to more than doubling the energy storage capacity using a straightforward directed self-assembly strategy. This approach opens a new nanomaterial paradigm for designing high energy density dielectric materials. C1 [Samant, Saumil P.; Karim, Alamgir] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Grabowski, Christopher A.; Durstock, Michael F.] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Kisslinger, Kim; Yager, Kevin G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Yuan, Guangcui; Satija, Sushil K.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Raghavan, Dharmaraj] Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Karim, A (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM alamgir@uakron.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-12-1-0306]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-1006421] FX This work was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under contract No. FA9550-12-1-0306 and the National Science Foundation (NSF) via Grant DMR-1006421. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 17 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD MAR 30 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 12 BP 7966 EP 7976 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b11851 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DI5DQ UT WOS:000373519500043 PM 26942835 ER PT J AU Albert, JM Starks, MJ Horne, RB Meredith, NP Glauert, SA AF Albert, Jay M. Starks, Michael J. Horne, Richard B. Meredith, Nigel P. Glauert, Sarah A. TI Quasi-linear simulations of inner radiation belt electron pitch angle and energy distributions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE pitch angle distributions ID FAST MAGNETOSONIC WAVES; PART I IMPLICIT; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SEMIIMPLICIT SCHEMES; DYNAMICS; DIAGONALIZATION; TENSOR; PLASMASPHERE AB Peculiar or butterfly electron pitch angle distributions (PADs), with minima near 90 degrees, have recently been observed in the inner radiation belt. These electrons are traditionally treated by pure pitch angle diffusion, driven by plasmaspheric hiss, lightning-generated whistlers, and VLF transmitter signals. Since this leads to monotonic PADs, energy diffusion by magnetosonic waves has been proposed to account for the observations. We show that the observed PADs arise readily from two-dimensional diffusion at L = 2, with or without magnetosonic waves. It is necessary to include cross diffusion, which accounts for the relationship between pitch angle and energy changes. The distribution of flux with energy is also in good agreement with observations between 200keV and 1MeV, dropping to very low levels at higher energy. Thus, at this location radial diffusion may be negligible at subrelativistic as well as ultrarelativistic energy. C1 [Albert, Jay M.; Starks, Michael J.] Kirtland AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Horne, Richard B.; Meredith, Nigel P.; Glauert, Sarah A.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, England. RP Albert, JM (reprint author), Kirtland AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. EM jay.albert@us.af.mil OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630; Horne, Richard/0000-0002-0412-6407; Meredith, Nigel/0000-0001-5032-3463 FU NASA [NNG11PJ001, NNH14AX18I]; Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [13RV08COR]; Natural Environment Research Council FX J. Albert thanks R.S. Selesick for useful discussions. This work was supported by NASA grant NNG11PJ001 and NASA agreement NNH14AX18I with the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant 13RV08COR, and the Natural Environment Research Council. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2016 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2381 EP 2388 DI 10.1002/2016GL067938 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA DK1TM UT WOS:000374697200006 ER PT J AU McCarthy, MC Martinez, O McGuire, BA Crabtree, KN Martin-Drumel, MA Stanton, JF AF McCarthy, Michael C. Martinez, Oscar, Jr. McGuire, Brett A. Crabtree, Kyle N. Martin-Drumel, Marie-Aline Stanton, John F. TI Isotopic studies of trans- and cis-HOCO using rotational spectroscopy: Formation, chemical bonding, and molecular structures SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CO REACTANT COMPLEX; HIGH-PRESSURE RANGE; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS; DOUBLE-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-SPECTRA; ATOM EXCHANGE; RATE-CONSTANT; BASIS-SETS; PLUS CO AB HOCO is an important intermediate in combustion and atmospheric processes because the OH + CO -> H + CO2 reaction represents the final step for the production of CO2 in hydrocarbon oxidation, and theoretical studies predict that this reaction proceeds via various intermediates, the most important being this radical. Isotopic investigations of trans- and cis-HOCO have been undertaken using Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy and millimeter-wave double resonance techniques in combination with a supersonic molecular beam discharge source to better understand the formation, chemical bonding, and molecular structures of this radical pair. We find that trans-HOCO can be produced almost equally well from either OH + CO or H + CO2 in our discharge source, but cis-HOCO appears to be roughly two times more abundant when starting from H + CO2. Using isotopically labelled precursors, the OH + (CO)-O-18 reaction predominately yields (HOCO)-O-18 for both isomers, but (HOCO)-O-18 is observed as well, typically at the level of 10%-20% that of (HOCO)-O-18; the opposite propensity is found for the (OH)-O-18 + CO reaction. DO + (CO)-O-18 yields similar ratios between (DOCO)-O-18 and (DOCO)-O-18 as those found for OH + (CO)-O-18, suggesting that some fraction of HOCO (or DOCO) may be formed from the back-reaction H + CO2, which, at the high pressure of our gas expansion, can readily occur. The large C-13 Fermi-contact term (a(F)) for trans- and cis-(HOCO)-C-13 implicates significant unpaired electronic density in a sigma-type orbital at the carbon atom, in good agreement with theoretical predictions. By correcting the experimental rotational constants for zero-point vibration motion calculated theoretically using second-order vibrational perturbation theory, precise geometrical structures have been derived for both isomers. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [McCarthy, Michael C.; Martinez, Oscar, Jr.; McGuire, Brett A.; Crabtree, Kyle N.; Martin-Drumel, Marie-Aline] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McCarthy, Michael C.; Martinez, Oscar, Jr.; McGuire, Brett A.; Crabtree, Kyle N.; Martin-Drumel, Marie-Aline] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, 29 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McGuire, Brett A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [Stanton, John F.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem & Biochem, 1 Univ Stn A5300, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Martinez, Oscar, Jr.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Crabtree, Kyle N.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP McCarthy, MC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.; McCarthy, MC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, 29 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mccarthy@cfa.harvard.edu OI Crabtree, Kyle/0000-0001-5629-5192; Martin-Drumel, Marie-Aline/0000-0002-5460-4294 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [CHE-1012743, CHE-1361031]; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Robert A. Welch Foundation of Houston, Texas [F-1283]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-07ER15884] FX The authors thank C. A. Gottlieb, G. B. Ellison, and D. J. Nesbitt for helpful discussions. The work in Cambridge is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant No. CHE-1012743). B. A. McGuire thanks A. J. Remijan for his support. K. N. Crabtree was supported by a CfA Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. The work in Austin is supported by the Robert A. Welch Foundation (Grant No. F-1283) of Houston, Texas, the U.S. National Science Foundation (Grant No. CHE-1361031) and the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (Contract No. DE-FG02-07ER15884). NR 78 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2016 VL 144 IS 12 AR 124304 DI 10.1063/1.4944070 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DI6XV UT WOS:000373644400028 PM 27036445 ER PT J AU Altfeder, I Lee, H Hu, JJ Naguy, RD Sehirlioglu, A Reed, AN Voevodin, AA Eom, CB AF Altfeder, Igor Lee, Hyungwoo Hu, Jianjun Naguy, Rachel D. Sehirlioglu, Alp Reed, Amber N. Voevodin, Andrey A. Eom, Chang-Beom TI Scanning tunneling microscopy of an interfacial two-dimensional electron gas in oxide heterostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BAND INSULATORS; SRTIO3; MODULATION; SURFACES; DENSITY AB Using an advanced technique combining pulsed laser deposition growth of LaAlO3, LaTiO3, and SrTiO3 we effectively constructed half-integer unit cell number LaAlO3-SrTiO3 heterostructures where all interfaces are of LaO-TiO2 type, and where a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) forms a symmetric n-type bilayer. Using ultrahigh-vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy we investigated the properties of the surface 2DEG in these heterostructures. Our results indicate that the surface 2DEG is strongly, within one unit cell, confined at the interface. Tunneling spectroscopy of the surface 2DEG reveals thickness-dependent band-gap changes attributed to the quantum size effect. C1 [Altfeder, Igor; Hu, Jianjun; Naguy, Rachel D.; Reed, Amber N.; Voevodin, Andrey A.] Air Force Res Lab, Nanoelect Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lee, Hyungwoo; Eom, Chang-Beom] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sehirlioglu, Alp] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Altfeder, I (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Nanoelect Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Igor.Altfeder.Ctr@us.af.mil FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors acknowledge N. Zhitenev, K. Matveev, N. Bristowe, A. Roy, J. Wohlwend, A. Safriet, A. Crespo, and D. L. Dorsey for interesting discussions. This research was supported by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 43 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 25 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 11 AR 115437 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.115437 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DH3VU UT WOS:000372715700003 ER PT J AU Katoch, J Le, D Singh, S Rao, R Rahman, TS Ishigami, M AF Katoch, Jyoti Duy Le Singh, Simranjeet Rao, Rahul Rahman, Talat S. Ishigami, Masa TI Scattering strength of the scatterer inducing variability in graphene on silicon oxide SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE graphene; 2D materials; field effect mobility; silicon oxide substrates ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; TRANSPORT AB Large variability of carrier mobility of graphene-based field effect transistors hampers graphene science and technology. We show that the number of the scatterer responsible for the observed variability on graphene devices on silicon oxide can be determined by finding the number of hydrogen that can be chemisorbed on graphene. We use the relationship between the number of the scatterer and the mobility of graphene devices to determine that the variability-inducing scatterer possesses scattering strength 10 times smaller than that of adsorbed potassium atoms and 50 times smaller than that of ion-beam induced vacancies. Our results provide an important, quantitative input towards determining the origin of the variability. C1 [Katoch, Jyoti; Duy Le; Singh, Simranjeet; Rahman, Talat S.; Ishigami, Masa] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Katoch, Jyoti; Ishigami, Masa] Univ Cent Florida, Nanosci Technol Ctr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Rao, Rahul] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rao, Rahul] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Ishigami, M (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.; Ishigami, M (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Nanosci Technol Ctr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM ishigami@ucf.edu OI Katoch, Jyoti/0000-0002-3678-1780 FU National Science Foundation [0955625, CHE-1310327] FX This work is supported by National Science Foundation grant no. 0955625. DFT work by DL and TSR is support in part by National Science Foundation grant CHE-1310327 and is carried out at the Stokes Advanced Research Computing Center (Stokes ARCC) at the University of Central Florida. Authors thank E Mucciolo for helpful discussions and E del Barco and N Orlovskaya for sharing instruments in their lab. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 23 PY 2016 VL 28 IS 11 AR 115301 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/28/11/115301 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DE6HA UT WOS:000370733400009 PM 26902181 ER PT J AU Duan, XFF Burggraf, LW AF Duan, Xiaofeng F. Burggraf, Larry W. TI The closo-Si12C12 molecule from cluster to crystal: A theoretical prediction SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SMALL SILICON CLUSTERS; ELECTRON-AFFINITIES; DENSITY; EXCHANGE; SI AB The structure of closo-Si12C12 is unique among stable SinCm isomers (n, m > 4) because of its high symmetry, pi-pi stacking of C6 rings and unsaturated silicon atoms at symmetrical peripheral positions. Dimerization potential surfaces reveal various dimerization reactions that form between two closo-Si12C12 molecules through Si-Si bonds at unsaturated Si atoms. As a result the closo-Si12C12 molecule is capable of polymerization to form stable 1D polymer chains, 2D crystal layers, and 3D crystals. 2D crystal structures formed by side-side polymerization satisfy eight Si valences on each monomer without large distortion of the monomer structure. 3D crystals are formed by stacking 2D structures in the Z direction, preserving registry of C-6 rings in monomer moiety. C1 [Duan, Xiaofeng F.] US Air Force, Res Lab, DoD Supercomp Resource Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Duan, Xiaofeng F.; Burggraf, Larry W.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Duan, XFF (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, DoD Supercomp Resource Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Duan, XFF; Burggraf, LW (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM xiaofeng.duan@wpafb.af.mil; larry.burggraf@us.af.mil FU Molecular Dynamics and Theory research program of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The views expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the United States Government. We acknowledge financial support from Molecular Dynamics and Theory research program of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research managed by Dr. Michael Berman. The DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program and the AFRL Supercomputing Resource Center (DSRC) are gratefully acknowledged for computer time and helpful support. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 21 PY 2016 VL 144 IS 11 AR 114309 DI 10.1063/1.4943957 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DI3FO UT WOS:000373384100026 PM 27004878 ER PT J AU Englesbe, AC He, ZH Nees, JA Thomas, AGR Schmitt-Sody, A Krushelnick, K AF Englesbe, Alexander C. He, Zhaohan Nees, John A. Thomas, Alexander G. R. Schmitt-Sody, Andreas Krushelnick, Karl TI Control of the configuration of multiple femtosecond filaments in air by adaptive wavefront manipulation SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID WHITE-LIGHT FILAMENTS; LASER-PULSES; POWER; BEAM; DYNAMICS AB We demonstrate the ability to position single and multiple filaments arbitrarily within the energy reservoir of a high power femtosecond laser pulse. A deformable mirror controlled by a genetic algorithm finds the optimal phase profile for producing filaments at user-defined locations within the energy reservoir to within a quarter of the nominal filament size, on average. This proof-of-principle experiment demonstrates a potential technique for fast control of the configuration of the filaments. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Englesbe, Alexander C.; He, Zhaohan; Nees, John A.; Thomas, Alexander G. R.; Krushelnick, Karl] Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Schmitt-Sody, Andreas] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Englesbe, AC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM aengles@umich.edu OI Thomas, Alexander/0000-0003-3206-8512 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX A.C.E. is grateful to Jennifer Elle for helpful discussions. Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 21 PY 2016 VL 24 IS 6 BP 6071 EP 6082 DI 10.1364/OE.24.006071 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA DI3JU UT WOS:000373395700063 PM 27136801 ER PT J AU Hu, X Huang, QP Zhao, Y Cai, HL Knize, RJ Lu, YL AF Hu, Xiang Huang, Qiuping Zhao, Yi Cai, Honglei Knize, Randy J. Lu, Yalin TI Giant frequency tunability enabled by external magnetic and a gate electric fields in graphene devices SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID TERAHERTZ WAVES; ABSORBER; METAMATERIALS; TRANSITIONS; REFLECTION; PLASMONICS; SCATTERING AB Graphene possesses a unique Landau level system that is non-equidistantly spaced in energy, as thus a large amount of optical transitions may become possible. Here, by utilizing this unique feature, we propose a novel dual field method which combines both external magnetic field and gate electric field together to control the optical response of the graphene-based devices. The key principle of this method is to selectively allow different optical transitions in graphene among Landau levels via an electric gate tuning of the Fermi level. By applying this method to a graphene based amplitude modulator and through an implementation based on transfer matrix method, we numerically demonstrated the well characteristics of switchable modulation on four individual channels, a huge modulation depth up to 80 dB and an extremely low required energy of tuning Fermi level down to 10 meV. Such excellent frequency tunability and gate controlling ability of this dual field method may open up the potential for applications in active optoelectronics, spin optics, ultrafast optics and etc. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Hu, Xiang; Huang, Qiuping; Zhao, Yi; Cai, Honglei; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Adv Appl Res Ctr, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Huang, Qiuping; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Synerget Innovat Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum P, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Knize, Randy J.; Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Huang, QP; Lu, YL (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Adv Appl Res Ctr, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China.; Lu, YL (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China.; Huang, QP; Lu, YL (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Synerget Innovat Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum P, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China.; Lu, YL (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM qphuang@ustc.edu.cn; yllu@ustc.edu.cn FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB922000]; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); DTRA (DTRAA) [122221] FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB922000). Dr. Lu thanks the support from US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the support from DTRA (DTRAA 122221). NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 14 U2 37 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 21 PY 2016 VL 24 IS 6 BP 6606 EP 6618 DI 10.1364/OE.24.006606 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA DI3JU UT WOS:000373395700112 PM 27136850 ER PT J AU Hannah, IG Grefenstette, BW Smith, DM Glesener, L Krucker, S Hudson, HS Madsen, KK Marsh, A White, SM Caspi, A Shih, AY Harrison, FA Stern, D Boggs, SE Christensen, FE Craig, WW Hailey, CJ Zhang, WW AF Hannah, Iain G. Grefenstette, Brian W. Smith, David M. Glesener, Lindsay Krucker, Saem Hudson, Hugh S. Madsen, Kristin K. Marsh, Andrew White, Stephen M. Caspi, Amir Shih, Albert Y. Harrison, Fiona A. Stern, Daniel Boggs, Steven E. Christensen, Finn E. Craig, William W. Hailey, Charles J. Zhang, William W. TI THE FIRST X-RAY IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY OF QUIESCENT SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS WITH NuSTAR SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: corona; Sun: X-rays, gamma rays ID HOT PLASMA; LOOPS OBSERVATIONS; ATOMIC DATABASE; CORONAL LOOPS; QUIET SUN; EMISSION; RHESSI; HINODE; TELESCOPE; SPECTRUM AB We present the first observations of quiescent active regions (ARs) using the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), a focusing hard X-ray telescope capable of studying faint solar emission from high-temperature and non-thermal sources. We analyze the first directly imaged and spectrally resolved X-rays above 2 keV from non-flaring ARs, observed near the west limb on 2014 November 1. The NuSTAR X-ray images match bright features seen in extreme ultraviolet and soft X-rays. The NuSTAR imaging spectroscopy is consistent with isothermal emission of temperatures 3.1-4.4 MK and emission measures 1-8 x 10(46) cm(-3). We do not observe emission above 5 MK, but our short effective exposure times restrict the spectral dynamic range. With few counts above 6 keV, we can place constraints on the presence of an additional hotter component between 5 and 12 MK of similar to 10(46) cm(-3) and similar to 10(43) cm(-3), respectively, at least an order of magnitude stricter than previous limits. With longer duration observations and a weakening solar cycle (resulting in an increased livetime), future NuSTAR observations will have sensitivity to a wider range of temperatures as well as possible non-thermal emission. C1 [Hannah, Iain G.; Hudson, Hugh S.] Univ Glasgow, SUPA Sch Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Grefenstette, Brian W.; Madsen, Kristin K.; Harrison, Fiona A.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astrophys, 1216 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Smith, David M.; Marsh, Andrew] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Smith, David M.; Marsh, Andrew] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Glesener, Lindsay] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Glesener, Lindsay; Krucker, Saem; Hudson, Hugh S.; Boggs, Steven E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Krucker, Saem] Univ Appl Sci & Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Sch Engn, Inst Technol 4D, CH-5210 Windisch, Switzerland. [White, Stephen M.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Caspi, Amir] Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Shih, Albert Y.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stern, Daniel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Christensen, Finn E.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, DTU Space, Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Craig, William W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Hailey, Charles J.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Zhang, William W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hannah, IG (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, SUPA Sch Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. EM iain.hannah@glasgow.ac.uk RI Hannah, Iain/F-1972-2011; Boggs, Steven/E-4170-2015; OI Hannah, Iain/0000-0003-1193-8603; Boggs, Steven/0000-0001-9567-4224; Hudson, Hugh/0000-0001-5685-1283; Madsen, Kristin/0000-0003-1252-4891; Caspi, Amir/0000-0001-8702-8273 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA [NNX12AJ36G, NNX14AG07G, NNX13AM41H, 200021-140308, NASA NNX15AK26G, NNX14AN84G] FX This paper made use of data from the NuSTAR mission, a project led by the California Institute of Technology, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank the NuSTAR Operations, Software, and Calibration teams for support with the execution and analysis of these observations. This research made use of the NuSTAR Data Analysis Software (NUSTAR-DAS) jointly developed by the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC, Italy) and the California Institute of Technology (USA). This work is supported by: NASA grants NNX12AJ36G, NNX14AG07G, IGH (Royal Society University Research Fellowship), AM (NASA Earth Space Science Fellowship, NNX13AM41H), SK (Swiss National Science Foundation, 200021-140308), AC (NASA NNX15AK26G, NNX14AN84G). Thanks to Kim Tolbert for OSPEX help. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 2016 VL 820 IS 1 AR L14 DI 10.3847/2041-8205/820/1/L14 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DG8RT UT WOS:000372352000014 ER PT J AU Turner, TJ Shade, PA Bernier, JV Li, SF Schuren, JC Lind, J Lienert, U Kenesei, P Suter, RM Blank, B Almer, J AF Turner, Todd J. Shade, Paul A. Bernier, Joel V. Li, Shiu Fai Schuren, Jay C. Lind, Jonathan Lienert, Ulrich Kenesei, Peter Suter, Robert M. Blank, Basil Almer, Jonathan TI Combined near- and far-field high-energy diffraction microscopy dataset for Ti-7Al tensile specimen elastically loaded in situ SO INTEGRATING MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING INNOVATION LA English DT Article DE High-energy diffraction microscopy (HEDM); X-ray diffraction; Far-field diffraction; Near-field diffraction; Three-dimensional microstructure; Crystal plasticity finite element modeling (CPFEM) ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; SINGLE-GRAIN; DEFORMATION; POLYCRYSTALS; MICROSTRUCTURE; SIMULATIONS; ORIENTATION; ALUMINUM AB High-energy diffraction microscopy (HEDM) constitutes a suite of combined X-ray characterization methods, which hold the unique advantage of illuminating the microstructure and micromechanical state of a material during concurrent in situ mechanical deformation. The data generated from HEDM experiments provides a heretofore unrealized opportunity to validate meso-scale modeling techniques, such as crystal plasticity finite element modeling (CPFEM), by explicitly testing the accuracy of these models at the length scales where the models predict their response. Combining HEDM methods with in situ loading under known and controlled boundary conditions represents a significant challenge, inspiring the recent development of a new high-precision rotation and axial motion system for simultaneously rotating and axially loading a sample. In this paper, we describe the initial HEDM dataset collected using this hardware on an alpha-titanium alloy (Ti-7Al) under in situ tensile deformation at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. We present both near-field HEDM data that maps out the grain morphology and intragranular crystallographic orientations and far-field HEDM data that provides the grain centroid, grain average crystallographic orientation, and grain average elastic strain tensor for each grain. Finally, we provide a finite element mesh that can be utilized to simulate deformation in the volume of this Ti-7Al specimen. The dataset supporting this article is available in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) repository (http://hdl.handle.net/11256/599). C1 [Turner, Todd J.; Shade, Paul A.; Schuren, Jay C.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bernier, Joel V.; Li, Shiu Fai; Lind, Jonathan] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Engn Directorate, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Lind, Jonathan; Suter, Robert M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Lienert, Ulrich] DESY, DESY Petra 3 Notkestr 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. [Kenesei, Peter; Almer, Jonathan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Blank, Basil] PulseRay, 4583 State Route 414, Beaver Dams, NY 14812 USA. RP Turner, TJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Todd.Turner.5@us.af.mil RI Suter, Robert/P-2541-2014 OI Suter, Robert/0000-0002-0651-0437 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 2193-9764 EI 2193-9772 J9 INTEGR MATER MANUF I JI Integr. Mater. Manuf. Innov. PD MAR 18 PY 2016 VL 5 DI 10.1186/s40192-016-0048-1 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA DO7SX UT WOS:000377984400001 ER PT J AU Jiang, J Pachter, R Demeritte, T Ray, PC Islam, AE Maruyama, B Boeckl, JJ AF Jiang, Jie Pachter, Ruth Demeritte, Teresa Ray, Paresh C. Islam, Ahmad E. Maruyama, Benji Boeckl, John J. TI Modeling Graphene with Nanoholes: Structure and Characterization by Raman Spectroscopy with Consideration for Electron Transport SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-LAYER GRAPHENE; NANOPOROUS GRAPHENE; WATER DESALINATION; MONOLAYER GRAPHENE; POROUS GRAPHENE; GAS SEPARATION; TUMOR-CELLS; OXIDE; OXIDATION; MEMBRANE AB Recent advances in controlled synthesis and characterization of single-layer graphene nanostructures with defects provide the basis for gaining an understanding of the complex nanomaterials by theoretical investigation. In this work, we modeled defective single-layer graphene (DSLG), where nanostructures with divacancy, trivacancy, tetravacancy, pentavacancy, hexavacancy, and heptavacancy defects, having pore sizes from 0.1 to 0.5 nm, were considered. Nanostructures with molecular oxygen adsorption to mimic experimental conditions were also investigated. On the basis of calculated formation energies of the optimized nanostructures, a few DSLGs were selected for theoretical characterization of the defect-induced I(D)/I(D') Raman intensity ratios. We found that the I(D)/I(D') ratio decreases with an increase in the nanohole size and in the number of adsorbed oxygens, which explains an experimental observation of a decrease in this characterization signature with an increase in exposure time to oxygen plasma. The predicted ratio was also confirmed by Raman spectroscopy measurements for graphene oxide quantum dots. The results were rationalized based on an analytical analysis of the D' band electron-defect matrix elements. Finally, consideration of patterned graphene nanostructures with vacancies for field effect transistor (FET) application was shown to provide a route to bandgap generation, and potentially improvement of the I-on/I-off ratio in a FET by nanohole passivation, e.g., by hydrogenation. FETs based on patterned graphene with small pores could have a similar high level of performance as graphene nanoribbons, however with the added benefit of no width confinement. C1 [Jiang, Jie; Pachter, Ruth; Islam, Ahmad E.; Maruyama, Benji; Boeckl, John J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Demeritte, Teresa; Ray, Paresh C.] Jackson State Univ, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. RP Pachter, R (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ruth.pachter@us.af.mil OI Jiang, Junke/0000-0003-2962-766X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We gratefully acknowledge support by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and computational resources and helpful assistance provided by the AFRL DSRC. NR 72 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 21 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 17 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 10 BP 5371 EP 5383 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b10225 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DH1QY UT WOS:000372561200013 ER PT J AU Zhang, YY de La Harpe, K Beckstead, AA Martinez-Fernandez, L Improta, R Kohler, B AF Zhang, Yuyuan de La Harpe, Kimberly Beckstead, Ashley A. Martinez-Fernandez, Lara Improta, Roberto Kohler, Bern TI Excited-State Dynamics of DNA Duplexes with Different H-Bonding Motifs SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE SEPARATION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; PROTON-TRANSFER; BASE-PAIRS; POLY(DG-DC); STRANDS; PURINE; FORMS; WATER AB The excited-state dynamics of three distinct forms of the d(GC)(9)center dot d(GC)(9) DNA duplex were studied by combined time-resolved infrared experiments and quantum mechanical calculations. In the B- and Z-forms, bases on opposite strands form Watson-Crick (WC) base pairs but stack differently because of salt-induced changes in backbone conformation. At low pH, the two strands associate by Hoogsteen (HG) base pairing. Ultraviolet-induced intrastrand electron transfer (ET) triggers interstrand proton transfer (PT) in the B- and Z-forms, but the PT pathway is blocked in the HG duplex. Despite the different decay mechanisms, a common excited-state lifetime of similar to 30 ps is observed in all three duplex forms. The ET-PT pathway in the WC duplexes and the solely intrastrand ET pathway in the HG duplex yield the same pair of pi-stacked radicals on one strand. Back ET between these radicals is proposed to be the rate-limiting step behind excited-state deactivation in all three duplexes. C1 [Zhang, Yuyuan; Beckstead, Ashley A.; Kohler, Bern] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [de La Harpe, Kimberly] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Martinez-Fernandez, Lara; Improta, Roberto] CNR, Ist Biostrutture & Bioimmagini, I-80136 Naples, Italy. RP Kohler, B (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.; Improta, R (reprint author), CNR, Ist Biostrutture & Bioimmagini, I-80136 Naples, Italy. EM robimp@unina.it; bkohler@montana.edu RI Zhang, Yuyuan/D-6376-2013; Kohler, Bern/A-1728-2011; Martinez-Fernandez, Lara/B-2119-2012 OI Kohler, Bern/0000-0001-5353-1655; Martinez-Fernandez, Lara/0000-0001-5361-9390 FU NSF [CHE-1112560]; M. J. Murdock Charitable Trust; Italian Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR) [PRIN-2010ERFKXL]; French Agency for Research Grant [ANR-12-BS08-0001-01]; LR Campania [5/2002] FX Work at Montana State University was supported by the NSF (CHE-1112560). The TRIR spectrometer was constructed with funding from the M. J. Murdock Charitable Trust. R. I. and L. M.-F. were supported by the Italian Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR Grants PRIN-2010ERFKXL), and French Agency for Research Grant ANR-12-BS08-0001-01 and LR Campania num 5/2002 - Annualita 2007. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD MAR 17 PY 2016 VL 7 IS 6 BP 950 EP 954 DI 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00074 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DH1RF UT WOS:000372561900003 PM 26886244 ER PT J AU Zheng, ZG Li, YN Bisoyi, HK Wang, L Bunning, TJ Li, Q AF Zheng, Zhi-gang Li, Yannian Bisoyi, Hari Krishna Wang, Ling Bunning, Timothy J. Li, Quan TI Three-dimensional control of the helical axis of a chiral nematic liquid crystal by light SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION GRATINGS; HANDEDNESS INVERSION; POLYMER; PITCH; SUPERSTRUCTURES AB Chiral nematic liquid crystals-otherwise referred to as cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs)-are self-organized helical superstructures that find practical application in, for example, thermography(1), reflective displays(2), tuneable colour filters(3,4) and mirrorless lasing(5,6). Dynamic, remote and three-dimensional control over the helical axis of CLCs is desirable, but challenging(7,8). For example, the orientation of the helical axis relative to the substrate can be changed from perpendicular to parallel by applying an alternating-current electric field(9), by changing the anchoring conditions of the substrate, or by altering the topography of the substrate's surface(10-16); separately, in-plane rotation of the helical axis parallel to the substrate can be driven by a direct-current field(17-19). Here we report three-dimensional manipulation of the helical axis of a CLC, together with inversion of its handedness, achieved solely with a light stimulus. We use this technique to carry out light-activated, wide-area, reversible two-dimensional beam steering-previously accomplished using complex integrated systems(20) and optical phased arrays(21). During the three-dimensional manipulation by light, the helical axis undergoes, in sequence, a reversible transition from perpendicular to parallel, followed by in-plane rotation on the substrate surface. Such reversible manipulation depends on experimental parameters such as cell thickness, surface anchoring condition, and pitch length. Because there is no thermal relaxation, the system can be driven either forwards or backwards from any light-activated intermediate state. We also describe reversible photocontrol between a two-dimensional diffraction state, a one-dimensional diffraction state and a diffraction 'off' state in a bilayer cell. C1 [Zheng, Zhi-gang; Li, Yannian; Bisoyi, Hari Krishna; Wang, Ling; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Zheng, Zhi-gang; Li, Yannian; Bisoyi, Hari Krishna; Wang, Ling; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Bunning, Timothy J.] US Air Force, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA.; Li, Q (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM qli1@kent.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9950-09-1-0193]; Air Force Research Laboratory; China Scholarship Council; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; AFOSR FX Q.L. acknowledges support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR; grant no. FA9950-09-1-0193) and the Air Force Research Laboratory. Z.Z. acknowledges receipt of a Scholarship supported by the China Scholarship Council. T.J.B. acknowledges support from the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate and the AFOSR. NR 29 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 32 U2 116 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 17 PY 2016 VL 531 IS 7594 BP 352 EP + DI 10.1038/nature17141 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DG4TA UT WOS:000372064300049 PM 26950601 ER PT J AU Martin, JA Kwak, J Harshman, SW Chan, K Fan, M Geier, BA Grigsby, CC Ott, DK AF Martin, Jennifer A. Kwak, Jae Harshman, Sean W. Chan, Karen Fan, Maomian Geier, Brian A. Grigsby, Claude C. Ott, Darrin K. TI Field sampling demonstration of portable thermal desorption collection and analysis instrumentation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE LESS-P; GC-MS; HAPSITE (R) ER; thermal desorption; Field sampling ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; IDENTIFICATION; ADSORBENTS; EMISSIONS; SAMPLERS; FACILITY; BENZENE AB The HAPSITE (R) (Hazardous Air Pollutants on Site) is a portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) unit designed to aid air sampling technicians by identifying and quantifying volatile organic compounds from occupational and environmental sampling. The main goal of the present study was to extend prior laboratory-based work with the portable HAPSITE (R) ER (extended range model) thermal desorption (TD) capability to real-world field samples from both indoor and outdoor environments using different types of active and passive sampling mechanisms. Understanding the performance of the HAPSITE (R) ER in a realistic field setting will allow air quality sampling technicians to make improved decisions related to sampling and analysis methods in the field. An important finding was that certain charcoal-based TD sorbents were contraindicated for the HAPSITE (R) ER because of a substantial hydrocarbon bleed which degraded system performance. A novel time series TD sampler (Logistically Enabled Sampling System-Portable [LESS-P]) was validated using Tenax TA TD tubes against standard active sampling across multiple field sampling sites, and the qualitative analytical trends and compound identities were similar between LESS-P replicates analysed via benchtop GC-MS and HAPSITE (R) ER. Once validated, the LESS-P was used to determine the reference concentrations for passive sampling calculations. The results confirmed the passive sampling methodology within the benchtop system, but highlighted some systemic sensitivity limitations that must be addressed in order for the HAPSITE (R) to be accurately applied to passive sampling. We propose that the LESS-P time-series sampler may help to alleviate the requirement for sampling technicians to be on-site during active sampling, allowing for automated sampling throughout the duration of a sampling event. C1 [Martin, Jennifer A.; Harshman, Sean W.; Geier, Brian A.] UES Inc, 711 Human Performance Wing, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Martin, Jennifer A.; Harshman, Sean W.; Chan, Karen; Fan, Maomian; Geier, Brian A.; Grigsby, Claude C.] Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711 Human Performance Wing, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Kwak, Jae] Univ Vet Med, Res Inst Wildlife Ecol, Vienna, Austria. [Chan, Karen] CMETSS, Dayton, OH USA. [Ott, Darrin K.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Martin, JA (reprint author), UES Inc, 711 Human Performance Wing, Dayton, OH 45433 USA.; Martin, JA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711 Human Performance Wing, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM jennifer.martin.30.ctr@us.af.mil FU United States Air Force [FA8650-14-D-6516] FX This work was supported by a subcontract under United States Air Force [grant number FA8650-14-D-6516]. This research was supported in part by an appointment (EH) to the Student Research Participation Program at U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and USAFRL. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-7319 EI 1029-0397 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PD MAR 15 PY 2016 VL 96 IS 4 BP 299 EP 319 DI 10.1080/03067319.2016.1160384 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DI5JJ UT WOS:000373534400001 ER PT J AU Chodash, PA Burke, JT Norman, EB Wilks, SC Casperson, RJ Fisher, SE Holliday, KS Jeffries, JR Wakeling, MA AF Chodash, P. A. Burke, J. T. Norman, E. B. Wilks, S. C. Casperson, R. J. Fisher, S. E. Holliday, K. S. Jeffries, J. R. Wakeling, M. A. TI Nuclear excitation by electronic transition of U-235 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HALF-LIFE; NEET; MECHANISMS; RADIATION; OS-189; AU-197; PLASMA AB Background: Nuclear excitation by electronic transition (NEET) is a rare nuclear excitation that can occur in isotopes containing a low-lying nuclear excited state. Over the past 40 yr, several experiments have attempted to measure NEET of U-235 and those experiments have yielded conflicting results. Purpose: An experiment was performed to determine whether NEET of U-235 occurs and to determine its excitation rate. Method: A pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm with a pulse energy of 790 mJ and a pulse width of 9 ns was used to generate a uranium plasma. The plasma was collected on a catcher plate and electrons from the catcher plate were accelerated and focused onto a microchannel plate detector. An observation of a decay with a 26-min half-life would suggest the creation of U-235m and the possibility that NEET of U-235 occurred. Results: A 26-min decay consistent with the decay of U-235m was not observed and there was no evidence that NEET occurred. An upper limit for the NEET rate of U-235 was determined to be lambda(NEET) < 1.8 x 10(-4) s(-1), with a confidence level of 68.3%. Conclusions: The upper limit determined from this experiment is consistent with most of the past measurements. Discrepancies between this experiment and past measurements can be explained by assuming that past experiments misinterpreted the data. C1 [Chodash, P. A.; Norman, E. B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Burke, J. T.; Casperson, R. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nucl & Chem Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Wilks, S. C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Fisher, S. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Secur Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Holliday, K. S.; Jeffries, J. R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Wakeling, M. A.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chodash, PA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Chodash, Perry/P-1840-2014 OI Chodash, Perry/0000-0002-4154-7219 FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; National Nuclear Security Administration's Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI); US Department of Homeland Security; Nuclear Science and Security Consortium under DOE [DE-NA-0000979]; UC Berkeley FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. This research was additionally performed under appointment to the Nuclear Nonproliferation International Safeguards Graduate Fellowship Program sponsored by the National Nuclear Security Administration's Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI). This work was further supported by the US Department of Homeland Security, UC Berkeley, and the Nuclear Science and Security Consortium under DOE Contract No. DE-NA-0000979. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAR 11 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 3 AR 034610 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.93.034610 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA DG3IP UT WOS:000371963000002 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW AF Kahler, S. W. TI SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENT ONSETS: FAR BACKSIDE SOLAR SOURCES AND THE EAST-WEST HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares; Sun: particle emission ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; PEAK INTENSITIES; RADIO-BURSTS; JANUARY 28; SPACECRAFT; PROTONS; FLARE; HELIOSPHERE; VARIABILITY AB Prompt onsets and short rise times to peak intensities Ip have been noted in a few solar energetic (E > 10 MeV) particle (SEP) events from far behind (>= 25 degrees) the west limb. We discuss 15 archival and recent examples of these prompt events, giving their source longitudes, onset and rise times, and associated coronal mass ejection (CME) speeds. Their timescales and CME speeds are not exceptional in comparison with a larger set of SEP events from behind the west limb. A further statistical comparison of observed timescales of SEP events from behind the west limb with events similarly poorly magnetically connected to the eastern hemisphere (EH) shows the longer timescales of the latter group. We interpret this result in terms of a difference between SEP production at parallel shocks on the eastern flanks of western backside events and at perpendicular shocks on the western flanks of EH events. C1 [Kahler, S. W.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM stephen.kahler@kirtland.af.mil FU AFOSR [15RVCOR167] FX S.K. was funded by AFOSR Task 15RVCOR167. CME data were taken from the CDAW LASCO catalog. This CME catalog is generated and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and The Catholic University of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. The reviewer provided helpful questions and comments that improved the manuscript. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2016 VL 819 IS 2 AR 105 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/819/2/105 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DG8AV UT WOS:000372305700017 ER PT J AU Wiens, JP Sawyer, JC Miller, TM Shuman, NS Viggiano, AA Khamesian, M Kokoouline, V Fabrikant, II AF Wiens, Justin P. Sawyer, Jordan C. Miller, Thomas M. Shuman, Nicholas S. Viggiano, Albert A. Khamesian, Marjan Kokoouline, Viatcheslav Fabrikant, Ilya I. TI Electron attachment to the interhalogen compounds ClF, ICl, and IBr SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LOW-ENERGY-ELECTRON; CAPTURE RATE CONSTANTS; DISSOCIATIVE ATTACHMENT; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; FLOWING AFTERGLOW; LOW-TEMPERATURES; FLUORIDES CLFN; MOLECULE; ION AB Thermal electron attachment rate coefficients for three interhalogen compounds (ClF, ICl, IBr) have been measured from 300 to 900 K at pressures of 1-2 Torr using a flowing afterglow-Langmuir probe apparatus. ClF attaches somewhat inefficiently (k = 7.5x10(-9) cm(3) s(-1)) at 300 K, with the rate coefficient rising to 1.7x10(-8) cm(3) s(-1) at 700 K. At higher temperatures the apparent rate coefficient falls steeply; however, this is interpreted as an artifact due to decomposition on the walls of the inlet line. ICl attaches with even lower efficiency (k = 9.5x10(-10) cm(3) s(-1) at 300 K) and a less steep increase with temperature. Attachment to IBr is too slow to confidently measure with the present experiment, with an upper limit on the rate coefficient of 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1) from 300 to 600 K. Both ClF and ICl attach dissociatively to yield Cl-, likely exclusively, though F-or I-may be produced with limits of <2% and <5%, respectively. The ClF attachment was further explored through ab initio calculation of the ClF and ClF-potential energy curves and R-matrix calculations of the resonance parameters which were used then for calculations of the dissociative attachment cross sections and rate coefficients. While the magnitude of the attachment rate coefficient for ClF is similar to those for both Cl-2 and F-2, the calculated cross sections show qualitatively different threshold behavior due to the s-wave contribution allowed by the lack of inversion symmetry. The nu = 1 and 2 vibrational modes of ClF attach about three to four times faster than nu = 0 and 3 at energies lower than similar to 0.2 eV. The calculated rate coefficients are in good agreement with the experiment at 300 K and increase moderately less steeply with temperature. C1 [Wiens, Justin P.; Sawyer, Jordan C.; Miller, Thomas M.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Khamesian, Marjan; Kokoouline, Viatcheslav] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Fabrikant, Ilya I.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; National Research Council Research Associateship Program; Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College [FA9453-10-C-0206]; DOE Office of Basic Energy Science; National Science Foundation [PHY-15-06391, PHY-14-01788] FX Experiments were supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant No. AFOSR-2303EP). J.P.W. is supported by the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. J.C.S. completed this work through participation in the AFRL Space Scholar program. T.M.M. acknowledges the support from the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College under Contract No. FA9453-10-C-0206. Theoretical work was supported by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Science and the National Science Foundation, Grants No. PHY-15-06391 (V.K.) and No. PHY-14-01788 (I.I.F.). NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 10 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 3 AR 032706 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.032706 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DG0BK UT WOS:000371726700004 ER PT J AU Basun, SA Evans, DR AF Basun, S. A. Evans, D. R. TI Identification of the specific Fe centers and associated defect structure responsible for enhanced dynamic holography in photorefractive KNbO3:Fe SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; DOPED LITHIUM-NIOBATE; REDUCED KNBO3; ORTHORHOMBIC KNBO3; PHASE-CONJUGATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; POTASSIUM NIOBATE; CRYSTALS; PHOTOCURRENTS AB A multifaceted approach is used to identify the Fe centers associated with KNbO3:Fe, determine the location of energy levels, and conclude which centers play a vital role in the photorefractive effect; with such an understanding, the physical parameters may be modified to provide mature materials for dynamic holographic applications. A correlated study is performed on as-grown and reduced KNbO3:Fe crystals, where a uniform reduction is achieved through a modified electroreduction process. This investigation identifies which Fe centers are reduced and which are unaffected, allowing the existence of both charge donors and acceptors as required for photorefraction, resulting in significant improvements of the photorefractive properties. Available charge transitions as a function of photon energy are identified and associated with conditions necessary for major improvements in beam-coupling efficiencies and response times. The understanding of the dynamics and defect structure is supported by photorefractive beam-coupling data. A revised explanation of the photorefractive dynamics is given as this understanding of the defects in KNbO3:Fe is no longer described by the commonly used standard model. This new fundamental understanding that enables the development of improved materials for dynamic holographic applications may also be transferred to other materials classes for disparate applications. C1 [Basun, S. A.; Evans, D. R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Basun, S. A.] Azimuth Corp, 4134 Linden Ave,Suite 300, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Evans, DR (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dean.evans@us.af.mil NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 10 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 9 AR 094102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.094102 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DG0CZ UT WOS:000371731200001 ER PT J AU Che, J Park, K Grabowski, CA Jawaid, A Kelley, J Koerner, H Vaia, RA AF Che, Justin Park, Kyoungweon Grabowski, Christopher A. Jawaid, Ali Kelley, John Koerner, Hilmar Vaia, Richard A. TI Preparation of Ordered Monolayers of Polymer Grafted Nanoparticles: Impact of Architecture, Concentration, and Substrate Surface Energy SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; THIN-FILMS; CONTROLLED THICKNESS; RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; RAPID DEPOSITION; PARTICLE-SIZE; NANOCOMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; SUPERLATTICES AB Rapid fabrication of large area, ordered assemblies of polymer grafted (hairy) nanoparticles (PGNs) will enable additive manufacturing of novel membrane, electronic, and photonic elements. Herein, we discuss the relationship between select processing conditions, substrate surface energy, and canopy architecture on the hierarchical structure of sub- to monolayer PGN assemblies. Varying concentrations (10, 20, and 70 nM) of polystyrene (PS) grafted (sigma similar to 1 chain/nm(2)) gold nanoparticles (AuNP, r(0) = 9 nm) were flow coated onto surface-modified silicon wafers (gamma(s) similar to 20 mN/m, hydrophobic to 80 mN/m, hydrophilic). The profile of an isolated gold-polystyrene (PS) PGN depends on substrate-canopy interface energy. At low substrate-PS interface energy (20 mN/m), the PS canopy spreads to maximize contact with the surface, whereas at high substrate-PS interface energy (80 mN/m), the chains minimize contact area resulting in a more compact, thicker PGN corona. This behavior is translated up to monolayer assemblies, where rougher, less-ordered assemblies with smaller AuNP-surface separation form on substrates with low interface energy. These films are also thinner with greater Au volume fraction, indicating that the segment density within the PS canopy depends on substrate surface energy. The impact of these processing parameters on PGN film formation parallels classic colloidal deposition even though the PS concentration is within the Landau-Levich regime for film formation from linear chains. The factors influencing local morphology, however, resemble those that affect polymer thin films. Using this understanding, we demonstrate fabrication within seconds of large area monolayer films with close-packed order. C1 [Che, Justin; Park, Kyoungweon; Grabowski, Christopher A.; Jawaid, Ali; Kelley, John; Koerner, Hilmar; Vaia, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Che, Justin] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Park, Kyoungweon; Grabowski, Christopher A.; Jawaid, Ali; Kelley, John] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Air Force Research Laboratory Materials & Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX); National Research Council (NRC); Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Air Force Research Laboratory Materials & Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX), and National Research Council (NRC) for their financial support. We also thank Dr. Alexander Hexemer, Mr. Eric Schaible, and Dr. Chenhui Zhu for guidance, setup, and data collection at beamline 7.3.3 at Advanced Light Source/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director of the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 91 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 8 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1834 EP 1847 DI 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02722 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DG1TT UT WOS:000371851100036 ER PT J AU Leuty, GM Tsige, M Grest, GS Rubinstein, M AF Leuty, Gary M. Tsige, Mesfin Grest, Gary S. Rubinstein, Michael TI Tension Amplification in Tethered Layers of Bottle-Brush Polymers SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; HUMAN BLOOD-PLASMA; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; BRANCHED POLYMERS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; MACROMOLECULES; ADSORPTION; SURFACES; POLYELECTROLYTES; LUBRICATION AB Molecular dynamics simulations of a coarse-grained bead spring model have been used to study the effects of molecular crowding on the accumulation of tension in the backbone of bottle-brush polymers tethered to a flat substrate. The number of bottle -brushes per unit surface area, Sigma, as well as the lengths of the bottle-brush backbones N-bb (so <= N-bb <= 200) and side chains N-sc (50 <= N-sc <= 200) were varied to determine how the dimensions and degree of crowding of bottle -brushes give rise to bond tension amplification along the backbone, especially near the substrate. From these simulations, we have identified three separate regimes of tension. For low Sigma, the tension is due solely to intramolecular interactions and is dominated by the side chain repulsion that governs the lateral brush dimensions. With increasing Sigma, the interactions between bottle-brush polymers induce compression of the side chains, transmitting increasing tension to the backbone. For large Sigma, intermolecular side chain repulsion increases, forcing side chain extension and reorientation in the direction normal to the surface and transmitting considerable tension to the backbone. C1 [Leuty, Gary M.; Tsige, Mesfin] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Grest, Gary S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Rubinstein, Michael] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Leuty, Gary M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Leuty, GM; Tsige, M (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA.; Leuty, GM (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gary.leuty.ctr@us.af.mil; mtsige@uakron.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1410290, DMR-1309892, DMR-1436201, DMR-1121107]; National Institutes of Health [1-P01-HL108808, 1-UH2-HL123645]; Cystic Fibrosis Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (DMR-1410290). M.R acknowledges financial support from the National Science Foundation under Grants DMR-1309892, DMR-1436201, and DMR-1121107, the National Institutes of Health under 1-P01-HL108808 and 1-UH2-HL123645, and the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 8 PY 2016 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1950 EP 1960 DI 10.1021/acs.macromol.5602305 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA DG1TT UT WOS:000371851100048 PM 27695137 ER PT J AU Lu, J Luna, E Aoki, T Steenbergen, EH Zhang, YH Smith, DJ AF Lu, Jing Luna, Esperanza Aoki, Toshihiro Steenbergen, Elizabeth H. Zhang, Yong-Hang Smith, David J. TI Evaluation of antimony segregation in InAs/InAs1-xSbx type-II superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE SEGREGATION; STRAIN FIELDS; X-RAY; ATOMS AB InAs/InAs1-xSbx type II superlattices designed for mid-wavelength infrared photo-detection have been studied using several electron microscopy methods, with specific attention directed towards interface chemical diffusion caused by Sb segregation. Reciprocal-space image analysis using the geometric phase method showed asymmetric interfacial strain profiles at the InAs-on-InAsSb interface. Measurement of local Sb compositional profiles across the superlattices using electron energy-loss spectroscopy and 002 dark-field imaging confirmed asymmetric Sb distribution, with the InAs-on-InAsSb interface being chemically graded. In contrast, the InAsSb-on-InAs interface showed a small intrinsic interface width. Careful evaluation of the experimental Sb composition profiles using a combined segregation and sigmoidal model reached quantitative agreement. Segregation dominated over the sigmoidal growth at the InAs-on-InAsSb interface, and the segregation probability of 0.81 +/- 0.01 obtained from the two microscopy techniques agreed well within experimental error. Thus, 81% of Sb atoms from the topmost layers segregated into the next layer during growth causing the interfaces to be broadened over a length of similar to 3 nm. This strong Sb segregation occurred throughout the whole superlattice stack, and would likely induce undesirable effects on band-gap engineering, such as blue-shift or broadening of the optical response, as well as weakened absorption. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Lu, Jing; Steenbergen, Elizabeth H.; Zhang, Yong-Hang; Smith, David J.] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Photon Innovat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Lu, Jing] Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Luna, Esperanza] Paul Drude Inst Solid State Elect, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. [Aoki, Toshihiro] Arizona State Univ, LeRoy Eyring Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Steenbergen, Elizabeth H.; Zhang, Yong-Hang] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Smith, David J.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Steenbergen, Elizabeth H.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lu, J (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Ctr Photon Innovat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.; Lu, J (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM jinglu2@asu.edu OI Lu, Jing/0000-0002-8866-9926 FU MURI [W911NF-10-1-0524] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from MURI Grant No. W911NF-10-1-0524 and the use of facilities in the John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy at Arizona State University. We thank Amy Liu at IQE for growth of samples and Z.-Y. Lin for insightful discussions. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 7 PY 2016 VL 119 IS 9 AR 095702 DI 10.1063/1.4942844 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DG8RS UT WOS:000372351900070 ER PT J AU Rumi, M Cazzell, SA Kosa, T Sukhomlinova, L Taheri, B White, TJ Bunning, TJ AF Rumi, Mariacristina Cazzell, Seth A. Kosa, Tamas Sukhomlinova, Ludmila Taheri, Bahman White, Timothy J. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Quantification of photoinduced order increase in liquid crystals with naphthopyran guests SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; PHOTOCHROMIC COMPOUNDS; SYSTEMS; MIXTURES; BEHAVIOR; LENSES AB Photoinduced order-increasing phase transitions can occur in dye-liquid crystal mixtures when the photoproduct of the excitation of the dye molecules is more compatible with the liquid crystalline medium than the initial dye species. A detailed investigation of the photoinduced changes of the phase behavior and optical properties of mixtures of liquid crystals with naphthopyran guests upon exposure to light at 365 nm is presented here. In these guest-host systems, the nematic-to-isotropic phase transition temperature is increased upon irradiation. We show that the nematic range can be extended up to 2.9 degrees C by illumination in 5CB (4-n-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl) liquid crystal mixtures. The order parameter is significantly increased by illumination at all temperatures within the nematic range and the changes are larger at higher concentrations of the guests. In particular, the illuminated guest-host mixtures exhibit order parameters close to those of the neat liquid crystal host at the same temperature relative to the clearing point. An improved understanding of the photophysical processes taking place at the molecular level in these material systems can inform the design of photoresponsive materials and enhance their potential utility in optical or photonic devices. C1 [Rumi, Mariacristina; Cazzell, Seth A.; White, Timothy J.; Bunning, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rumi, Mariacristina; Cazzell, Seth A.] Azimuth Corp, 4027 Colonel Glenn Highway,Suite 230, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Kosa, Tamas; Sukhomlinova, Ludmila; Taheri, Bahman] Alpha Micron Inc, 1950 State Route 59, Kent, OH 44240 USA. RP White, TJ; Bunning, TJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.white.24@us.af.mil; timothy.bunning@us.af.mil RI Rumi, Mariacristina/C-9474-2009; OI Rumi, Mariacristina/0000-0002-4597-9617; /0000-0001-6220-0436 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR 7 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 3 AR 032701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.93.032701 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA DG0GZ UT WOS:000371744600019 PM 27078421 ER PT J AU Jarrett, JW Zhao, T Johnson, JS Liu, XY Nealey, PF Vaia, RA Knappenberger, KL AF Jarrett, Jeremy W. Zhao, Tian Johnson, Jeffrey S. Liu, Xiaoying Nealey, Paul F. Vaia, Richard A. Knappenberger, Kenneth L., Jr. TI Plasmon-Mediated Two-Photon Photoluminescence-Detected Circular Dichroism in Gold Nanosphere Assemblies SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLES; NANOSTRUCTURES; AMPLIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; CHIRALITY; NANORODS; ARRAYS; DIMERS AB We report plasmon-mediated two-photon photoluminescence (TPPL)-detected circular dichroism (CD) from colloidal metal nanoparticle assemblies. Two classes of solid gold nanosphere (SGN) dimers-heterodimers and homodimers-were examined using polarization-resolved TPPL, second harmonic generation (SHG), and one-photon photoluminescence (OPPL). Unambiguous CD was detected in both the TPPL and SHG signals, and the magnitudes of the CD responses in these measurements showed agreement for individual nanostructures. Heterodimers gave larger CD responses (average TPPL-CDR = 0.62 +/- 0.33; average SHG-CDR = 0.51 +/- 0.21) than homodimers (average TPPL-CDR = 0.19 +/- 0.04; average SHG-CDR = 0.18 +/- 0.06). OPPL-CD was not detected for either structure. Analysis of dimer emission properties suggested the CD responses were determined by properties of the one-photon-resonant mode excited by the laser. Average TPPL signals were (4.3 +/- 0.6)x larger than those for SHG. Because signal amplitude is a primary determinant for spatial accuracies and precisions obtained from optical microscopy, CD contrast generated from plasmon-mediated TPPL, which we report for the first time, can extend the suite of super-resolution imaging techniques. C1 [Jarrett, Jeremy W.; Zhao, Tian; Johnson, Jeffrey S.; Knappenberger, Kenneth L., Jr.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Liu, Xiaoying; Nealey, Paul F.] Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Vaia, Richard A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Knappenberger, KL (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM kknappenberger@fsu.edu OI Jarrett, Jeremy/0000-0003-1308-1519 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-15-1-0114] FX This research was supported by a grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Grant Number FA9550-15-1-0114. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 16 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD MAR 3 PY 2016 VL 7 IS 5 BP 765 EP 770 DI 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02621 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DF7US UT WOS:000371563700006 PM 26854357 ER PT J AU Harnish, DA Heimbuch, BK Balzli, C Choe, M Lumley, AE Shaffer, RE Wander, JD AF Harnish, Delbert A. Heimbuch, Brian K. Balzli, Charles Choe, Melanie Lumley, April E. Shaffer, Ronald E. Wander, Joseph D. TI Capture of 0.1-mu m aerosol particles containing viable H1N1 influenza virus by N95 filtering facepiece respirators SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE Bioaerosol; disease transmission; H1N1; infection; N95 respirator; respiratory AB Nosocomial infections pose an escalating threat to both patients and healthcare workers (HCWs). A widely recommended device for individual respiratory protection, the N95 filtering facepiece respirator (FFR) has been shown to provide efficient filtration of inert particles larger and smaller than the nominal most-penetrating particle size (MPPS) range, 0.03-0.3 mu m. Humans generate respiratory aerosols in the MPPS range, suggesting that short-range disease transmission could occur via small infectious particles. Data presented here show that the N95 FFR will afford a significant measure of protection against infectious particles as small as a bare H1N1 influenza virion, and that the capture mechanism does not discriminate in favor of, or against, biological particles. C1 [Harnish, Delbert A.; Heimbuch, Brian K.] Applied Res Associates, Panama City, FL USA. [Balzli, Charles; Lumley, April E.] Universal Technol Corp, Beavercreek, OH USA. [Choe, Melanie] US Dept HHS, Off Assistant Secretary Preparedness & Response, Biomed Adv Res & Dev Author, Washington, DC 20201 USA. [Shaffer, Ronald E.] NIOSH, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Wander, Joseph D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Wander, JD (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM joseph.wander@us.af.mil FU U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS); Office of Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR); Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA); Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) FX This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the Office of Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR), Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) through an interagency agreement with the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 EI 1545-9632 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD MAR 3 PY 2016 VL 13 IS 3 BP D46 EP D49 DI 10.1080/15459624.2015.1116698 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DB4DG UT WOS:000368462300001 PM 26554291 ER PT J AU Detzi, D Winkleman, S AF Detzi, Daniel Winkleman, Steven TI Hitting Them Where it Hurts: A Joint Interagency Network to Disrupt Terrorist Financing in West Africa SO STUDIES IN CONFLICT & TERRORISM LA English DT Article AB Illicit trafficking networks in West Africa are a major funding source for violent extremist groups in the region. Although the United States has formed interagency constructs in the Caribbean and in Europe to counter illicit trafficking, there is a gap in West Africa. The corridor of smuggling routes from the shores of West Africa into North Africa provides extremist groups with the financing they need to continue their activities. By forming a third interagency organization in West Africa, the United States and its partners could strike a significant blow to violent extremist groups, which continue to threaten U.S. interests in the region. C1 [Detzi, Daniel] US Air Force Acad, Polit Sci, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Winkleman, Steven] Def Intelligence Agcy, Amer Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Detzi, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6K-164, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM daniel.detzi@usafa.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1057-610X EI 1521-0731 J9 STUD CONFL TERROR JI Stud. Confl. Terror. PD MAR 3 PY 2016 VL 39 IS 3 BP 227 EP 239 DI 10.1080/1057610X.2015.1099994 PG 13 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA DB5AD UT WOS:000368524000003 ER PT J AU Bag, S Durstock, MF AF Bag, Santanu Durstock, Michael F. TI Large Perovskite Grain Growth in Low-Temperature Solution-Processed Planar p-i-n Solar Cells by Sodium Addition SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE sodium additive; large grain; solution-processing; PEDOT surface; perovskite solar cell ID ORGANOMETAL HALIDE PEROVSKITE; THIN-FILM; HYSTERESIS AB Thin-film p-i-n type planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells have the advantage of full low temperature solution processability and can, therefore, be adopted in roll-to-roll production and flexible devices. One of the main challenges with these devices, however, is the ability to finely control the. film morphology during the deposition and crystallization of the perovskite layer. Processes suitable for optimization of the perovskite layer film morphology with large grains are highly desirable for reduced recombination of charge carriers. Here, we show how uniform thin films with micron size perovskite grains can be made through the use of a controlled amount of sodium ions in the precursor solution. Large micrometer-size CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite grains are formed during low-temperature thin-film growth by adding sodium ions to the PbI2 precursor solution in a two-step interdiffusion process. By adjusting additive concentration, film morphologies were optimized and the fabricated p-i-n planar perovskite-PCBM solar cells showed improved. power conversion efficiences (an average of 3-4% absolute efficiency enhancement) compared to the nonsodium based devices. Overall, the additive enhanced grain growth process helped to reach a high 14.2% solar cell device efficiency with low hysteresis. This method of grain growth is quite general and provides a facile way to fabricate large-grained CH3NH3PbI3 on any arbitrary surface by an all solution-processed route. C1 [Bag, Santanu; Durstock, Michael F.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bag, Santanu] CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. RP Bag, S; Durstock, MF (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Bag, S (reprint author), CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. EM santanu.bag.ctr.in@us.af.mil; michael.durstock@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFSOR) FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFSOR). NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 32 U2 155 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD MAR 2 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 8 BP 5053 EP 5057 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b11494 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DF6GJ UT WOS:000371453600001 PM 26862869 ER PT J AU Blake, AJ Kohlmeyer, RR Drummy, LF Gutierrez-Kolar, JS Carpena-Nunez, J Maruyama, B Shahbazian-Yassar, R Huang, H Durstockt, MF AF Blake, Aaron J. Kohlmeyer, Ryan R. Drummy, Lawrence F. Gutierrez-Kolar, Jacob S. Carpena-Nunez, Jennifer Maruyama, Benji Shahbazian-Yassar, Reza Huang, Hong Durstockt, Michael F. TI Creasable Batteries: Understanding Failure Modes through Dynamic Electrochemical Mechanical Testing SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotube current collectors; Li-ion battery; bendable battery; creasable battery; in situ mechanical testing ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; CURRENT COLLECTORS; PAPER; ENERGY; THIN; TECHNOLOGIES; CHALLENGES; DENSITY; SYSTEMS; ANODES AB Thin-film batteries that can be folded, bent, and even repeatedly creased with minimal or no loss in electrochemical performance have been demonstrated and systematically evaluated using two dynamic mechanical testing approaches for either controlled bending or creasing of flexible devices. The results show that mechanically robust and flexible Li-ion batteries (Li4Ti5O12//LiFePO4) based on the use of a nonwoven multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) mat as a current collector (CC) exhibited a 14-fold decrease in voltage fluctuation at a bending strain of 4.2%, as compared to cells using traditional metal foil CCs. More importantly, MWNT-based full-cells exhibited excellent mechanical integrity through 288 crease cycles, whereas the foil full-cell exhibited continuously degraded performance with each fold and catastrophic fracture after only 94 folds. The MWNT CCs can be attributed to excellent interfacial properties as well as high mechanical strength coupled with compliancy, which allow the batteries to easily conform during mechanical abuse. These results quantitatively demonstrate the substantial enhancement offered in both mechanical and electrochemical stability which can be realized with traditional processing approaches when an appropriate choice of a flexible and robust CC is utilized. C1 [Blake, Aaron J.; Kohlmeyer, Ryan R.; Drummy, Lawrence F.; Carpena-Nunez, Jennifer; Maruyama, Benji; Durstockt, Michael F.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Soft Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Blake, Aaron J.; Huang, Hong] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Kohlmeyer, Ryan R.; Carpena-Nunez, Jennifer] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Gutierrez-Kolar, Jacob S.; Shahbazian-Yassar, Reza] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Durstockt, MF (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Soft Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Kohlmeyer, RR (reprint author), CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM ryan.kohlmeyer.ctr@us.af.mil; michael.durstock@us.af.mil FU National Research Council; Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship; National Science Foundation [CMMI-1200383]; American Chemical Society-Petroleum Research Fund [51458-ND10] FX We thank Dr. Mark Schauer and Nanocomp Technologies, Inc. for providing the MVVNT mat and for valuable technical discussions. R.R.K. and J.C.-N. thank the National Research Council for the Postdoctoral Fellowships. R.S.Y and J.S.G.K. acknowledge financial support from the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship, the National Science Foundation (Award No. CMMI-1200383), and the American Chemical Society-Petroleum Research Fund (Award No. 51458-ND10). NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD MAR 2 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 8 BP 5196 EP 5204 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b11175 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DF6GJ UT WOS:000371453600016 PM 26741734 ER PT J AU Youngquist, RC Nurge, MA Starr, SO Leve, FA Peck, M AF Youngquist, Robert C. Nurge, Mark A. Starr, Stanley O. Leve, Frederick A. Peck, Mason TI A slowly rotating hollow sphere in a magnetic field: First steps to de-spin a space object SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEBRIS AB Modeling the interaction of a slowly rotating hollow conducting sphere in a magnetic field provided an understanding of the dynamics of orbiting space objects moving through the Earth's magnetic field. This analysis, performed in the late 1950s and limited to uniform magnetic fields, was innovative and acknowledged the pioneers who first observed rotary magnetism, in particular, the seminal work of Hertz in 1880. Now, there is interest in using a magnetic field produced by one space object to stop the spin of a second object so that docking can occur. In this paper, we consider, yet again, the interaction of a rotating hollow sphere in a magnetic field. We show that the predicted results can be tested experimentally, making this an interesting advanced student project. This analysis also sheds light on a rich set of previously unaddressed behaviors involving eddy currents. (C) 2016 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 [Youngquist, Robert C.; Nurge, Mark A.; Starr, Stanley O.] NASA, Mail Code UBR3, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [Leve, Frederick A.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Peck, Mason] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, 208 Upson Hall,124 Hoy Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Nurge, MA (reprint author), NASA, Mail Code UBR3, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM Robert.C.Yougquist@nasa.gov; Mark.A.Nurge@nasa.gov; Stanley.O.Starr@nasa.gov; frederick.leve@us.af.mil; mp336@cornell.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS PI COLLEGE PARK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PARK, MD 20740-3845 USA SN 0002-9505 EI 1943-2909 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 84 IS 3 BP 181 EP 191 DI 10.1119/1.4936633 PG 11 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA DX9SF UT WOS:000384734700002 ER PT J AU Zhang, HL Cole, Y Ge, LQ Wei, SX Yu, W Lu, C Chen, GS Shen, D Blasch, E Pham, KD AF Zhang, Hanlin Cole, Yevgeniy Ge, Linqiang Wei, Sixiao Yu, Wei Lu, Chao Chen, Genshe Shen, Dan Blasch, Erik Pham, Khanh D. TI ScanMe Mobile: A Cloud-based Android Malware Analysis Service SO APPLIED COMPUTING REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Android Malware; Google Cloud Messaging; Machine Learning; Sandbox; Google App Engine AB As mobile malware have increased in number and sophistication, it has become pertinent for users to have tools that can inform them of potentially malicious applications. To fulfill this need, we develop a cloud-based malware analysis service called ScanMe Mobile, for the Android platform. The objective of this service is to provide users with detailed information about Android Application Package (APK) files before installing them on their devices. With ScanMe Mobile, users are able to upload APK files from their device SD card, scan the APK in the malware detection system that could be deployed in the cloud, compile a comprehensive report, and store or share the report by publishing it to the website. ScanMe Mobile works by running the APK in a virtual sandbox to generate permission data, and analyzes the result in the machine learning detection system. Through our experimental results, we demonstrate that the proposed system can effectively detect malware on the Android platform. C1 [Zhang, Hanlin; Ge, Linqiang; Yu, Wei] Towson Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, 7800 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Cole, Yevgeniy] Towson Univ, 7800 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Wei, Sixiao; Chen, Genshe; Shen, Dan] Intelligent Fus Technol, 20271 Goldenrod Ln, Germantown, MD USA. [Lu, Chao] Towson Univ, Comp Sci, 7800 York Rd, Towson, MD USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Pham, Khanh D.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Zhang, HL (reprint author), Towson Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, 7800 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM hzhang4@students-.towson.edu; ycolecs@gmail.com; lge2@students-.towson.edu; sixiao.wei@intfusiontech.com; wyu2@.towson.edu; clu@.towson.edu; gchen@intfusiontech.com; dshen@intfusiontech.com; rik.blasch@gmail.com; khanh.pham.1@us.af.mil NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1559-6915 J9 APPL COMPUT REV JI Appl. Comput. Rev. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 16 IS 1 BP 36 EP 49 DI 10.1145/2811411.2811483 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA DV1AA UT WOS:000382650900004 ER PT J AU Kuhn, KM Gienger, CM Tracy, CR AF Kuhn, Kellie M. Gienger, C. M. Tracy, C. Richard TI SMALL MAMMALS OF PYRAMID LAKE AND ANAHO ISLAND (NEVADA) SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN WHITE PELICAN; BODY-SIZE; EVOLUTION; DIVERGENCE; RULE AB We report on a survey of the small mammal communities of Anaho Island and the mainland surrounding Pyramid Lake in the Great Basin of western Nevada. Ten rodent species were detected on the mainland, but only the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) was detected on Anaho Island. Although the mean abundance of deer mice on the Pyramid Lake mainland was more than double that of Anaho Island (12.5 +/- 10.1 individuals per trap grid compared with 5.0 +/- 3.4 individuals per trap grid), we did not detect a significant difference between locations. Deer mice on Anaho Island were significantly larger in body size (mean body length = 86 +/- 4 mm) than mainland mice (mean = 75 +/- 7 mm), but it is unclear what mechanisms might have produced the observed divergence in body size. C1 [Gienger, C. M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Kuhn, Kellie M.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Biol, 2355 Fac Dr,Suite 2P389, Usafa, CO 80840 USA. [Gienger, C. M.] Austin Peay State Univ, Dept Biol, POB 4718, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. [Gienger, C. M.] Austin Peay State Univ, Ctr Excellence Field Biol, POB 4718, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. RP Gienger, CM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA.; Gienger, CM (reprint author), Austin Peay State Univ, Dept Biol, POB 4718, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA.; Gienger, CM (reprint author), Austin Peay State Univ, Ctr Excellence Field Biol, POB 4718, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. EM giengerc@apsu.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 61 IS 1 BP 40 EP 44 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9DL UT WOS:000378084400006 ER PT J AU Howarth, WR Brochard, K Campbell, SE Grogan, BF AF Howarth, William R. Brochard, Kevin Campbell, Scot E. Grogan, Brian F. TI Effect of Microfracture on Meniscal Tear Healing in a Goat (Capra hircus) Model SO ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTORS; REPAIR; KNEE; RECONSTRUCTION; TREPHINATION; DEFECTS AB Meniscal injuries are an extremely common cause of knee pain. Meniscal repairs performed with concomitant anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction appear to heal at a higher rate than meniscal repairs performed in isolation. This may be due in part to the release of marrow elements into the knee and the time of meniscal repair. In cases of isolated meniscal repair, some orthopedic surgeons use microfracture to release marrow elements into the joint as an adjunct to enhance meniscal healing. This study evaluated rates of meniscal tear healing with or without the performance of microfracture in a goat (Capra hircus) model. Forty castrated young adult male goats underwent either a horizontal or a longitudinal 1.0-cm meniscal tear with or without microfracture. All procedures were performed open, in a bloodless field. Meniscal tears were created in the peripheral half of the body of the medial meniscus. The goats were euthanized at 6 months, and meniscal tears were analyzed and classified as complete healing, partial healing, or no healing by direct visualization. A probe was used as an aid to evaluate and classify the meniscal tears. Twenty (87%) of 23 goat meniscal tears showed at least partial healing when performed with concomitant microfracture. Only 5 (29%) of 17 menisci showed any healing in goats that did not receive microfracture. This difference in healing rates was statistically significant (P<.001). Fifteen (65%) meniscal tears accomplished with microfracture were completely healed, whereas only 2 (12%) menisci showed complete healing without microfracture (P<.001). The results of this study suggest that the release of bone marrow elements into the knee by microfracture improves meniscal healing rates. C1 [Howarth, William R.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Orthoped Surg, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Brochard, Kevin] New England Baptist Hosp, Dept Orthoped Surg, Boston, MA USA. [Campbell, Scot E.] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Landstuhl, Germany. [Grogan, Brian F.] Carl R Darnall Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped & Rehabil, 3600 Darnall Loop, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. RP Grogan, BF (reprint author), Carl R Darnall Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped & Rehabil, 3600 Darnall Loop, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. EM brian.f.grogan.mil@mail.mil FU Wilford Hall Medical Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC); US Government FX This study was funded by the Wilford Hall Medical Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) and the US Government. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0147-7447 EI 1938-2367 J9 ORTHOPEDICS JI Orthopedics PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 39 IS 2 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.3928/01477447-20160119-04 PG 6 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA DO1AQ UT WOS:000377511000044 PM 26811956 ER PT J AU Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ Olson, BV Kadlec, EA Kim, JK Shaner, EA AF Haugan, Heather J. Brown, Gail J. Olson, Benjamin V. Kadlec, Emil A. Kim, Jin K. Shaner, Eric A. TI Minority carrier lifetimes in very long-wave infrared InAs/GaInSb superlattices SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID II SUPERLATTICES; DETECTORS AB Significantly improved carrier lifetimes in very-long wave infrared InAs/GaInSb superlattice (SL) absorbers are demonstrated by using time-resolved microwave reflectance (TMR) measurements. A nominal 47.0 angstrom InAs/21.5 angstrom Ga0.75In0.25Sb SL structure that produces an approximately 25 mu m response at 10 K has a minority carrier lifetime of 140 +/- 20 ns at 18 K, which is markedly long for SL absorber with such a narrow bandgap. This improvement is attributed to the strain-engineered ternary design. Such SL employs a shorter period with reduced gallium in order to achieve good optical absorption and epitaxial advantages, which ultimately leads to the improvements in the minority carrier lifetime by reducing Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) defects. By analyzing the temperature-dependence of TMR decay data, the recombination mechanisms and trap states that currently limit the performance of this SL absorber have been identified. The results show a general decrease in the long-decay lifetime component, which is dominated by the SRH recombination at temperature below similar to 30 K, and by Auger recombination at temperatures above similar to 45 K. (C) 2016 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Haugan, Heather J.; Brown, Gail J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Olson, Benjamin V.; Kadlec, Emil A.; Kim, Jin K.; Shaner, Eric A.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM heather.haugan.ctr@us.af.mil NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 7 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR PY 2016 VL 34 IS 2 AR 02L104 DI 10.1116/1.4941132 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA DN0UU UT WOS:000376782200012 ER PT J AU Carretta, TR Ree, MJ Teachout, MS AF Carretta, Thomas R. Ree, Malcolm James Teachout, Mark S. TI Training Affects Variability in Training Performance Both Within and Across Jobs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article ID RANGE RESTRICTION; NORMS AB A partial test of a model of training performance variability was conducted. The current study examined variability in cognitive ability and training performance in job-specific training. Several studies have found mean score differences in cognitive ability across jobs. Further, the variability in training outcomes among individuals within a job has been shown to vary across jobs. Reduced variability in training outcomes is a measure of training effectiveness. For this study data were grouped by job over several years. Participants were 116,310 enlistees enrolled in 108 US Air Force training specialties. Aptitude was measured by a verbal/math composite derived from the US military enlistment test, the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery. Training performance was assessed by written tests of job-related knowledge content. Predictive validity of the verbal/math composite ranged from .124 to .836 across jobs with a mean weighted value of 0.691. Substantial differences were observed for mean and variability of aptitude across jobs. Trainees in jobs with high aptitude requirements had higher mean aptitude and were less variable on aptitude than those in jobs with lower aptitude requirements. Further, trainees in high aptitude jobs had higher mean training performance scores and were less variable on performance than those in jobs with lower aptitude requirements. Finally, training performance was much less variable than aptitude. Training had the effect of reducing variability among trainees within jobs. This has the effect of producing a more homogenous set of trainees on trained content, which is beneficial to on-the-job training. Support was found for a part of the model. C1 [Carretta, Thomas R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Ree, Malcolm James] Our Lady Lake Univ, San Antonio, TX USA. [Teachout, Mark S.] Univ Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Carretta, TR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM thomas.carretta@us.af.mil NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0965-075X EI 1468-2389 J9 INT J SELECT ASSESS JI Int. J. Sel. Assess. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 24 IS 1 SI SI BP 71 EP 76 DI 10.1111/ijsa.12131 PG 6 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA DJ8YE UT WOS:000374499600009 ER PT J AU Selesnick, RS Baker, DN Jaynes, AN Li, X Kanekal, SG Hudson, MK Kress, BT AF Selesnick, R. S. Baker, D. N. Jaynes, A. N. Li, X. Kanekal, S. G. Hudson, M. K. Kress, B. T. TI Inward diffusion and loss of radiation belt protons SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CRRES OBSERVATIONS; ENERGY; WAVES AB Radiation belt protons in the kinetic energy range 24 to 76 MeV are being measured by the Relativistic Electron Proton Telescope on each of the two Van Allen Probes. Data have been processed for the purpose of studying variability in the trapped proton intensity during October 2013 to August 2015. For the lower energies (less than or similar to 32 MeV), equatorial proton intensity near L = 2 showed a steady increase that is consistent with inward diffusion of trapped solar protons, as shown by positive radial gradients in phase space density at fixed values of the first two adiabatic invariants. It is postulated that these protons were trapped with enhanced efficiency during the 7 March 2012 solar proton event. A model that includes radial diffusion, along with known trapped proton source and loss processes, shows that the observed average rate of increase near L = 2 is predicted by the same model diffusion coefficient that is required to form the entire proton radiation belt, down to low L, over an extended (similar to 10(3) year) interval. A slower intensity decrease for lower energies near L = 1.5 may also be caused by inward diffusion, though it is faster than predicted by the model. Higher-energy (greater than or similar to 40 MeV) protons near the L = 1.5 intensity maximum are from cosmic ray albedo neutron decay. Their observed intensity is lower than expected by a factor similar to 2, but the discrepancy is resolved by adding an unspecified loss process to the model with a mean lifetime similar to 120 years. C1 [Selesnick, R. S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Baker, D. N.; Jaynes, A. N.; Li, X.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, X.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kanekal, S. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Hudson, M. K.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Kress, B. T.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Cooperat Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kress, B. T.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO USA. RP Selesnick, RS (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM richard.selesnick@us.af.mil FU NASA [NNH14AX18I]; Air Force Research Laboratory under the Heliophysics Guest Investigators Program, at University of Colorado and Dartmouth College by RBSP-ECT through JHU/APL contract under prime NASA [967399, NAS5-01072]; Air Force Research Laboratory under the Heliophysics Guest Investigators Program, Dartmouth College, by NASA grant [NNX15AF54G]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1455470] FX Van Allen Probes REPT and ephemeris data are available from the ECT Science Operations and Data Center, http://www.rbsp-ect.lanl.gov; EMFISIS data are available from http://emfisis.physics.uiowa.edu. We thank T.P. O'Brien for pointing out the work of Schulz [1975]. This work was supported in part by NASA agreement NNH14AX18I with the Air Force Research Laboratory under the Heliophysics Guest Investigators Program, at University of Colorado and Dartmouth College by RBSP-ECT funding through JHU/APL contract 967399 under prime NASA contract NAS5-01072, and, at Dartmouth College, by NASA grant NNX15AF54G and National Science Foundation grant AGS-1455470. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 3 BP 1969 EP 1978 DI 10.1002/2015JA022154 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DK2FV UT WOS:000374730900011 ER PT J AU Luque, A Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC McHarg, MG Haaland, RK AF Luque, A. Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C. McHarg, M. G. Haaland, R. K. TI Sprite beads and glows arising from the attachment instability in streamer channels SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE sprites; streamers ID LOWER IONOSPHERE; IONIZATION; DISCHARGES; MESOSPHERE; HALOS AB The complex dynamics of a sprite discharge are not limited to the propagation of streamers. After the passage of a streamer head, the ionized channel established in its wake develops intricate luminous patterns that evolve on timescales from 1 up to 100ms. To investigate these patterns, conventionally called beads and glows, we present high-speed recordings of their onset and decay; our main observation here is that in many cases distant points within a channel decay at the same rate despite considerable differences in the underlying air density. We then show that the properties of beads and glows, including this synchronized decay, are explained by the tendency of electric current within a streamer channel to converge to an uniform value and by an attachment instability of electric discharges in air. However, we also discuss the uncertainty about the chemical reactions that affect the electron density during the sprite decay. C1 [Luque, A.] CSIC, IAA, Granada, Spain. [Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McHarg, M. G.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Haaland, R. K.] Ft Lewis Coll, Dept Engn Phys, Durango, CO 81301 USA. RP Luque, A (reprint author), CSIC, IAA, Granada, Spain. EM aluque@iaa.es FU Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) [ESP2013-48032-C5-5-R, FIS2014-61774-EXP]; Junta de Andalucia, Proyecto de Excelencia [FQM-5965]; U.S. National Science Foundation [1104441, 1201683] FX A.L. was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under projects ESP2013-48032-C5-5-R and FIS2014-61774-EXP and by the Junta de Andalucia, Proyecto de ExcelenciaFQM-5965. H.C.S.-N, M.G.M., and R.H. have been supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation grants 1104441 and 1201683 to the University of Alaska Fairbanks and to the U.S. Air Force Academy respectively. Data and code used in this paper are available upon request from the authors. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 3 BP 2431 EP 2449 DI 10.1002/2015JA022234 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DK2FV UT WOS:000374730900041 ER PT J AU Burke, WJ Martinis, CR Lai, PC Gentile, LC Sullivan, C Pfaff, RF AF Burke, W. J. Martinis, C. R. Lai, P. C. Gentile, L. C. Sullivan, C. Pfaff, R. F. TI C/NOFS observations of electromagnetic coupling between magnetically conjugate MSTID structures SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances; Alfven wave detection at midlatitudes; interhemispheric coupling ID TRAVELING IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES; NIGHTTIME MIDLATITUDE IONOSPHERE; SPORADIC-E-LAYERS; MU RADAR; F-LAYER; ARECIBO; INSTABILITY; SATELLITE; IMAGES AB This report demonstrates empirically that couplings between magnetically conjugate medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) are electromagnetic in nature. This is accomplished by comparing plasma density, electric, and magnetic perturbations sampled simultaneously by sensors on the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite. During the period of interest on 17 February 2010, C/NOFS made three consecutive orbits while magnetically conjugate to the field of view of an all-sky imager located at El Leoncito, Argentina (31.8 degrees S, 69.3 degrees W). Imaged 630.0nm airglow was characterized by alternating bands of relatively bright and dark emissions that were aligned from northeast to southwest and propagated toward the northwest, characteristic of MSTIDs in the southern hemisphere. Measurable Poynting fluxes flow along the Earth's magnetic field (S-||) from generator to load hemispheres. While S-|| was predominantly away from the ionosphere above El Leoncito, interhemispheric energy flows were not one-way streets. Measured Poynting flux intensities diminished with time over the three C/NOFS passes, suggesting that source mechanisms of MSTIDs were absent or that initial impedance mismatches between the two hemispheres approached an equilibrium status. C1 [Burke, W. J.; Lai, P. C.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Martinis, C. R.; Sullivan, C.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Gentile, L. C.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Pfaff, R. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Gentile, LC (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM louise.gentile@kirtland.af.mil FU Boston College [FA9453-12-C-0205, FA8712-10-C-0001]; NSF Aeronomy [1123222]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors express their gratitude to Carmen Liebrecht of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for going the extra mile to make the VEFI electric and magnetic field data available to us. We also thank Patrick Roddy of the Air Force Research Laboratory who provided the C/NOFS PLP plasma densities used in this report. C/NOFS PLP data are available from Roddy upon request. VEFI data from the first 3 years of the C/NOFS mission are available on the CDA website with plans to make later VEFI data available. Observations from the Boston University All-sky Imagers are available at http://sirius.bu.edu/. CINDI data are available at http://cindispace.utdallas.edu. W.J.B. received support under contracts FA9453-12-C-0205 and FA8712-10-C-0001 with Boston College. C.R.M. acknowledges the support of NSF Aeronomy grant 1123222 and Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant for DURIP instrumentation. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 121 IS 3 BP 2569 EP 2582 DI 10.1002/2015JA021965 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DK2FV UT WOS:000374730900050 ER PT J AU Morgan, PE Visbal, MR AF Morgan, Philip E. Visbal, Miguel R. TI Numerical Investigation of Flow Control for a Flat-Window Cylindrical Turret SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; PLUNGING AIRFOIL; SCHEMES; MESHES AB This work presents multiple high-fidelity large-eddy simulations of flow over a cylindrical turret with a flat window oriented at two angles, 90 and 100 deg. For the 100 deg case, additional computations were performed to investigate the effectiveness of multiple types of flow control including rows of short pins, tall pins, and steady blowing wall jets inserted upstream of the turret as well as a steady suction slot at the leading edge of the flat window. The large-eddy simulation computations were obtained using a well-validated high-order Navier-Stokes flow solver employing a sixth-order compact spatial discretization in conjunction with an eighth-order low-pass spatial filter. Overall, large-eddy simulation solutions compared favorably to experimental time mean and fluctuating velocity profiles as well as the general flow structure at both angles. Additionally, valuable insight was obtained on how rows of pins, blowing jets, and steady slot suction control flow separation. Slot suction at the upwind aperture lip was determined to be more effective than rows of pins and blowing jets in controlling flow separation, which is critical in reducing aero-optical aberrations. Steady slot suction was capable of eliminating massive separation at a larger look angle of 120 deg. C1 [Morgan, Philip E.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Visbal, Miguel R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerodynam Technol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Morgan, PE (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 54 IS 3 BP 861 EP 879 DI 10.2514/1.J054282 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DL1XF UT WOS:000375425800006 ER PT J AU Kaufman, E Lovell, TA Lee, T AF Kaufman, Evan Lovell, T. Alan Lee, Taeyoung TI Nonlinear Observability for Relative Orbit Determination with Angles-Only Measurements SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear observability; Relative orbit determination; Angles-Only measurements ID MODEL-REDUCTION; SYSTEMS; CONTROLLABILITY AB This paper presents nonlinear observability criteria for the relative orbital dynamics represented by the solutions of the two-body problem. It is assumed that a chief is on a circular orbit with a prescribed orbital radius, and it measures lines-of-sight toward a deputy only. A differential geometric method, based on the Lie derivatives, is used to derive sufficient conditions for observability of the orbital properties of the deputy. It is shown that under certain geometric conditions on the relative configuration between the chief and the deputy, the nonlinear relative motion is observable from angles-only measurements. The second part of this paper presents a quantitative measure of observability for the relative orbits, and it is formulated by generalizing the observability Gramian of linear dynamic systems. An extended Kalman filter is also developed to numerically illustrate the observability of nonlinear relative orbits with angles-only measurements and to show correspondence between the proposed observability measure and filtered solution accuracy. C1 [Kaufman, Evan; Lee, Taeyoung] George Washington Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] US Air Force, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Kaufman, E (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM evankaufman@gwu.edu; AFRL.RVSV@kirtland.af.mil; tylee@gwu.edu FU NSF [CMMI-1243000, CMMI-1335008, CNS-1337722, 1029551] FX This research has been supported in part by NSF under the grants CMMI-1243000 (transferred from 1029551), CMMI-1335008, and CNS-1337722. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0021-9142 EI 2195-0571 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 63 IS 1 BP 60 EP 80 DI 10.1007/s40295-015-0082-9 PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DJ6PS UT WOS:000374336000004 ER PT J AU Misak, HE Mall, S AF Misak, H. E. Mall, S. TI Cryogenic Tensile Strength and Fatigue Life of Carbon Nanotube Multi-Yarn SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carbon Nanotube Yarns; Cryogenic Temperatures; Mechanical Testing; Textiles; Satellites ID BEHAVIOR; ARRAYS; WIRES AB Carbon nanotube (CNT) multi-yarns, consisting of 30 yarns, were tested under monotonic tensile load and fatigue at the room temperature (298 K) and two cryogenic temperatures (232 and 123 K). Tensile stiffness increased with the decrease of temperature. The average ultimate tensile strength was higher at 123 K when compared to the higher temperatures (232 and 298 K). Failure mechanism changed from a combination of classical variant and independent fiber breakage at the two higher temperatures to mostly classical variant failure mechanism at the lower temperature. The CNT-yarn's fatigue life also increased with decreasing temperature. CNT-yarns have been shown to function well at lower temperatures making them usable for applications requiring operation at cryogenic temperatures, such as in satellites and high altitude aircraft. C1 [Misak, H. E.; Mall, S.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 EI 1533-4899 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 16 IS 3 BP 3021 EP 3025 DI 10.1166/jnn.2016.12466 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DJ4CU UT WOS:000374153800146 PM 27455753 ER PT J AU Reiley, PJ Jacobs, RR AF Reiley, Peter J. Jacobs, Rick R. TI Ethics Matter: Moderating Leaders' Power Use and Followers' Citizenship Behaviors SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS LA English DT Article DE Coercive power; Ethical leadership; Ethics; Expert power; Follower; Leader's power use; Legitimate power; Military; Organizational citizenship behavior; Perception; Performance; Power bases; Referent power; Reward power; Social influence ID SOCIAL POWER; SUPERVISORY INFLUENCE; INFLUENCE TACTICS; BASES; SATISFACTION; PERFORMANCE; MANAGERS; MODEL; ORGANIZATIONS; CONSEQUENCES AB Followers' perceptions of their leaders' ethics have the potential to impact the way they react to the influence of these leaders. The present study of 365 U.S. Air Force Academy Cadets examined how followers' perceptions of their leaders' ethics moderated the relationships found between the leaders' use of power, as conceptualized by French and Raven (Studies in social power, 1959), and the followers' contextual performance. Our results indicated that leaders' use of expert, referent, and reward power was associated with higher levels of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) among their followers when the followers perceived these leaders to be more ethical. Moreover, when followers perceived their leaders to be less ethical, these followers reported lower levels of OCBs when their leaders' utilized referent power. Practical implications, limitations, and future research are also discussed. C1 [Reiley, Peter J.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Jacobs, Rick R.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Reiley, PJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. EM peter.reiley@us.af.mil; rrj@psu.edu NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4544 EI 1573-0697 J9 J BUS ETHICS JI J. Bus. Ethics PD MAR PY 2016 VL 134 IS 1 BP 69 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s10551-014-2416-0 PG 13 WC Business; Ethics SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA DI6XO UT WOS:000373643700005 ER PT J AU Braun, LA Kennedy, HP Sadler, LS Dixon, J Womack, J Wilson, C AF Braun, Lisa A. Kennedy, Holly Powell Sadler, Lois S. Dixon, Jane Womack, Julie Wilson, Candy TI US Navy Women's Experience of an Abnormal Cervical Cancer Screening SO JOURNAL OF MIDWIFERY & WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article DE military women; military health care; cervical cancer screening ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; MILITARY POPULATION; HEALTH-CARE; RISK; ADOLESCENT; AMERICAN; RECRUITS AB IntroductionRecent policy revisions allow greater inclusion of military women in operational and/or deployable positions (ie, shipboard, overseas, and war zone duty assignments), but these positions can create unique health care challenges. Military members are often transient due to deployments and change of duty stations, impacting timely follow-up care for treatable health conditions. There has been minimal research on challenges or strategies in preventive health screening and follow-up for US military women. MethodsThe purpose of this qualitative research study was to describe US Navy women's experiences with abnormal cervical cancer screenings requiring colposcopic follow-up care. Ship- and shored-based women receiving care at a military colposcopy clinic completed interviews about their experience. Two forms of narrative analysis, Labov's sociolinguistic structural analysis and Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis, were employed to gain a more robust understanding of the women's experiences. ResultsThe sample was comprised of 26 women (16 ship-based, 10 shore-based). Five themes were identified: 1) It's like this bombshell (initial abnormal results notification); 2) I didn't understand (self-discovery process); 3) Freaked (emotional toll); 4) It's kind of like this back and forth (scheduling and navigating care); and 5) It really opened my eyes (lessons learned). DiscussionThe women's stories highlighted some issues unique to military health care, such as operational demands and follow-up care; other issues are likely common for most women learning about an abnormal cervical cancer screening result. Areas important for practice and future research include improving notification practices, providing information, understandingwomen's fear, and continuity of care. Research exploring educational initiatives and self-management practices are critical within military populations. C1 [Braun, Lisa A.] US Navy, Naval Med Ctr, Nursing Res Dept, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Kennedy, Holly Powell] Yale Univ, Sch Nursing, Midwifery, Orange, CT USA. [Sadler, Lois S.; Dixon, Jane; Womack, Julie] Yale Univ, Sch Nursing, Orange, CT USA. [Sadler, Lois S.] Yale Child Study Ctr, Orange, CT USA. [Sadler, Lois S.] Minding Baby Home Visiting Program, New Haven, CT USA. [Wilson, Candy] US Air Force, Acupuncture Clin, Joint Base Andrews, MD USA. RP Braun, LA (reprint author), 720 Cross Quay, Chesapeake, VA 23320 USA. EM lisa.a.braun.mil@mail.mil FU Triservice Nursing Research Program [N14-002] FX This research was supported in part by a Triservice Nursing Research Program Graduate Research Award (N14-002). NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-9523 EI 1542-2011 J9 J MIDWIFERY WOM HEAL JI J. Midwifery Women Health PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 61 IS 2 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1111/jmwh.12378 PG 8 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA DI9FS UT WOS:000373808100013 PM 26849103 ER PT J AU Harvazinski, ME Talley, DG Sankaran, V AF Harvazinski, Matthew E. Talley, Douglas G. Sankaran, Venkateswaran TI Influence of Boundary Condition Treatment on Longitudinal-Mode Combustion Instability Predictions SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference (JPC) and Exhibit CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL San Jose, CA SP AIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE C1 [Harvazinski, Matthew E.; Talley, Douglas G.; Sankaran, Venkateswaran] US Air Force Res Lab, Rocket Prop Div, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. RP Harvazinski, ME (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Rocket Prop Div, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR PY 2016 VL 32 IS 2 BP 529 EP 532 DI 10.2514/1.B35972 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DJ0YR UT WOS:000373930800025 ER PT J AU Limbu, TB Mendoza, F Barrionuevo, D Carpena, J Maruyama, B Katiyar, RS Weiner, BR Morell, G AF Limbu, Tej B. Mendoza, Frank Barrionuevo, Danilo Carpena, Jennifer Maruyama, Benji Katiyar, Ram S. Weiner, Brad R. Morell, Gerardo TI Study on the optical and electrical properties of tetracyanoethylene doped bilayer graphene stack for transparent conducting electrodes SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL GRAPHENE; CHARGE-TRANSFER; METAL NANOWIRES; LAYER GRAPHENE; COPPER FOILS; FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; COMPLEXES; ACID AB We report the optical and electrical properties of chemically-doped bilayer graphene stack by tetracyanoethylene, a strong electron acceptor. The Tetracyanoethylene doping on the bilayer graphene via charge transfer was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and Infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. Doped graphene shows a significant increase in the sheet carrier concentration of up to 1.520x10(13) cm(-2) with a concomitant reduction of the sheet resistance down to 414.1 Omega/sq. The high optical transmittance (ca. 84%) in the visible region in combination with the low sheet resistance of the Tetracyanoethylene-doped bilayer graphene stack opens up the possibility of making transparent conducting electrodes for practical applications. (C) 2016 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). C1 [Limbu, Tej B.; Mendoza, Frank; Barrionuevo, Danilo; Katiyar, Ram S.; Weiner, Brad R.; Morell, Gerardo] Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Funct Nanomat, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Limbu, Tej B.; Barrionuevo, Danilo; Katiyar, Ram S.; Morell, Gerardo] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Carpena, Jennifer] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Carpena, Jennifer; Maruyama, Benji] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Weiner, Brad R.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. RP Limbu, TB (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Funct Nanomat, San Juan, PR 00931 USA.; Limbu, TB (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. EM tejnembang@yahoo.com OI Weiner, Brad/0000-0002-5255-1918; Morell, Gerardo/0000-0003-4787-2239 FU Institute for Functional Nanomaterials (NSF Cooperative Agreement) [EPS1002410]; PR NASA EPSCoR (NASA Cooperative Agreement) [NNX15AK 43A] FX This work was supported by the Institute for Functional Nanomaterials (NSF Cooperative Agreement EPS1002410) and PR NASA EPSCoR (NASA Cooperative Agreement No. NNX15AK 43A). The authors gratefully acknowledge the instrumentation and technical support of the Materials Characterization Center, Professor Wilfredo Otano, and Adrian Camacho Berrios for providing the facilities for electrical measurements and their assistance in the measurements. The authors thank Dr. Vladimir I. Makarov for valuable comments on the manuscript. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 6 IS 3 AR 035319 DI 10.1063/1.4945345 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA DI7MG UT WOS:000373684200099 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Isheim, D Seidman, DN Pilchak, AL AF Senkov, Oleg N. Isheim, Dieter Seidman, David N. Pilchak, Adam L. TI Development of a Refractory High Entropy Superalloy SO ENTROPY LA English DT Article DE refractory high entropy alloy; superalloy; microstructure and phase analysis; mechanical properties ID ATOM-PROBE TOMOGRAPHY; PRINCIPAL ELEMENT ALLOYS; V-ZR SYSTEM; NBCRMO0.5TA0.5TIZR ALLOY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; LOW-DENSITY; MICROSTRUCTURE; DESIGN; DECOMPOSITION; STRATEGIES AB Microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties of a refractory high entropy superalloy, AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr, are reported in this work. The alloy consists of a nano-scale mixture of two phases produced by the decomposition from a high temperature body-centered cubic (BCC) phase. The first phase is present in the form of cuboidal-shaped nano-precipitates aligned in rows along <100>-type directions, has a disordered BCC crystal structure with the lattice parameter a(1) = 326.9 +/- 0.5 pm and is rich in Mo, Nb and Ta. The second phase is present in the form of channels between the cuboidal nano-precipitates, has an ordered B2 crystal structure with the lattice parameter a(2) = 330.4 +/- 0.5 pm and is rich in Al, Ti and Zr. Both phases are coherent and have the same crystallographic orientation within the former grains. The formation of this modulated nano-phase structure is discussed in the framework of nucleation-and-growth and spinodal decomposition mechanisms. The yield strength of this refractory high entropy superalloy is superior to the yield strength of Ni-based superalloys in the temperature range of 20 degrees C to 1200 degrees C. C1 [Senkov, Oleg N.; Pilchak, Adam L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Isheim, Dieter; Seidman, David N.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2220 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Isheim, Dieter; Seidman, David N.] Northwestern Univ, Ctr Atom Probe Tomog, 2220 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM oleg.senkov.ctr@us.af.mil; isheim@northwestern.edu; d-seidman@northwestern.edu; adam.pilchak.1@us.af.mil RI Seidman, David/B-6697-2009; OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X; Isheim, Dieter/0000-0003-3310-8192 FU ONS through the Air Force on-site contract [FA8650-15-D-5230]; NSF-MRI [DMR-0420532]; ONR-DURIP [N00014-0400798, N00014-0610539, N00014-0910781]; MRSEC program through Northwestern's Materials Research Center [NSF DMR-1121262]; International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN); State of Illinois, through the IIN FX Discussions with D. Miracle and C. Woodward are much appreciated. Work by ONS was supported through the Air Force on-site contract No. FA8650-15-D-5230 conducted by UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio. Inductively-coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, SEM and mechanical testing were conducted at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). Transmission Electron Microscopy was conducted at the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, and the permission of the authors of Ref. [29] and the publisher (Taylor & Francis Ltd, www.tandfonline.com) to publish Figures 5 and 6 is appreciated. Atom-probe tomography was performed at the Northwestern University Center for Atom-Probe Tomography (NUCAPT). The LEAP tomograph at NUCAPT was purchased and upgraded with funding from NSF-MRI (DMR-0420532) and ONR-DURIP (N00014-0400798, N00014-0610539, N00014-0910781) grants. Instrumentation at NUCAPT was supported by the Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern University. This research made use of Northwestern's NUANCE-EPIC facility. NUCAPT and EPIC received support from the MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1121262) through Northwestern's Materials Research Center. EPIC received support from the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN); and the State of Illinois, through the IIN. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 24 U2 60 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1099-4300 J9 ENTROPY-SWITZ JI Entropy PD MAR PY 2016 VL 18 IS 3 DI 10.3390/e18030102 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA DI5IH UT WOS:000373531600018 ER PT J AU Jennings, WW Payne, BC AF Jennings, William W. Payne, Brian C. TI Fees Eat Diversification's Lunch SO FINANCIAL ANALYSTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT FEES; 5 MYTHS; STOCKS; BONDS AB Although diversification is often spoken of as the only free lunch in investing, the authors show that it is not free and that it must be considered in light of its costs. They also show that fees on diversifying asset classes are high relative to their risk-adjusted diversification benefit, with the more exotic asset classes carrying higher price tags. Because there is meaningful cross-sectional variation, fees need to be considered when making strategic asset allocation decisions. C1 [Jennings, William W.] US Air Force Acad, Finance & Investments, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Payne, Brian C.] US Air Force Acad, Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Jennings, WW (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Finance & Investments, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CFA INST PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA 915 EAST HIGH ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22902 USA SN 0015-198X EI 1938-3312 J9 FINANC ANAL J JI Financ. Anal. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 72 IS 2 BP 31 EP 40 PG 10 WC Business, Finance SC Business & Economics GA DI9ZW UT WOS:000373862200005 ER PT J AU Ingalls, NK Armstrong, B Hester, M Hatzfeld, JJ Robinson, BRH Fortuna, GR AF Ingalls, Nichole K. Armstrong, Bracken Hester, Marisa Hatzfeld, Jennifer J. Robinson, Bryce R. H. Fortuna, Gerald R. TI The Fog of War: Delirium Prevalence in a Combat Intensive Care Unit SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MECHANICALLY VENTILATED PATIENTS; RISK-FACTORS; TRAUMA; PREDICTOR; MORTALITY AB Introduction: Delirium is a fluctuating disturbance in consciousness associated with increased mortality. Injured warriors represent a unique unstudied population. We hypothesized delirium is common because of high injury severity scores and multidrug sedation regimens. Methods: Mandatory delirium screening using the confusion assessment method (CAM) was initiated at Craig Joint Theater Hospital in Bagram, Afghanistan. Data were collected in July to August 2012 from the first 50 English-speaking trauma patients with CAM for the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) scores. Results: Patients were male with mean age of 27.8 years; 88% of them were U.S. military personnel. Injury mechanisms were blast (68%) and gunshot (26%). Mean injury severity score was 20. Average ICU length of stay was 2.3 days; 64% were ventilated (for mean 1.2 days). Average time from arrival to CAM assessment was 7 hours, and 26 hours from the time of injury. Of patients, 44% were delirious, 36% at first CAM assessment. Fentanyl (62%) and ketamine (16%) were used for pain control (62%) and propofol for sedation (52%). There was no relationship between delirium and mechanism (p = 0.5) or ketamine on first ICU day (p = 0.2262). Delirium increased with vent days (p <.0001) and was associated with admission and mechanical ventilation (p = 0.0025). Conclusions: This study demonstrates a high rate of deliriumin this unique population. C1 [Ingalls, Nichole K.; Armstrong, Bracken; Hester, Marisa] Mike OCallaghan Fed Med Ctr, Med Grp 99, 4700 N Las Vegas Blvd, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. [Hatzfeld, Jennifer J.] Def Med Res & Dev Program, 504 Scott St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Robinson, Bryce R. H.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Div Trauma & Crit Care, 231 Albert B Sabin Way,POB 670558, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Fortuna, Gerald R.] UT Mem Hermann Hosp, Dept Cardiothorac & Vasc Surg, 6400 Fannin St,Suite 2850, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Ingalls, NK (reprint author), Mike OCallaghan Fed Med Ctr, Med Grp 99, 4700 N Las Vegas Blvd, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 8 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 181 IS 3 BP 209 EP 212 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00064 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DI3NJ UT WOS:000373405100014 PM 26926744 ER PT J AU Howell, CM Sontgerath, JS Simonet, LB AF Howell, Christopher M. Sontgerath, Joseph S. Simonet, Luke B. TI Unexploded Ordnance in an Expectant Patient: A Case Report SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID REMOVAL AB Retained unexploded ordnance is only one of the numerous potential threats to coalition forces while deployed in the theater of operations. Though rare, these are also very real dangers for personnel involved with patient care and movement. Principles of management include determination of device type with plain film radiography, minimizing rotational and vibratory movement, and strategic isolation of the patient from the hospital facility, hospital personnel, and other patients. Early identification of this threat, as well as early involvement of the Explosive Ordnance Disposal team is paramount to safe and successful management. We present a case of a deceased patient in the expectant triage category with a delayed identification of retained unexploded ordnance during postmortem preparation. C1 [Howell, Christopher M.] Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sontgerath, Joseph S.] Mike OCallaghan Fed Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 4700 Las Vegas Blvd North,Bldg 1300, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. [Simonet, Luke B.] Dept Radiol, 101 Boden Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Howell, CM (reprint author), Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 181 IS 3 BP E302 EP E305 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00213 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DI3NJ UT WOS:000373405100003 PM 26926759 ER PT J AU Triplett, D Stewart, E Mathew, S Horne, BR Prakash, V AF Triplett, Drew Stewart, Elizabeth Mathew, Stephanie Horne, Brandon R. Prakash, Vidhya TI Delayed Diagnosis of Tuberculous Arthritis of the Knee in an Air Force Service Member: Case Report and Review of the Literature SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID OSTEOARTICULAR TUBERCULOSIS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; ARTHROPLASTY; SYNOVITIS AB Tuberculosis (TB) is a common disease worldwide affecting more than 2 billion people, including latent, pulmonary, and extrapulmonary TB. The presentation of disseminated TB is variable and dependent on the organs affected. Therefore, making the diagnosis and providing appropriate treatment can be delayed. We present a case of disseminated TB in a patient with Sjogren's syndrome on hydroxychloroquine monotherapy without traditional risk factors. C1 [Triplett, Drew] Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, 128 E Apple St,Weber CHE Bldg,2nd Floor, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. [Stewart, Elizabeth] Dayton Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Med, 4100 West 3rd St, Dayton, OH 45428 USA. [Mathew, Stephanie] Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Rheumatol Clin, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Horne, Brandon R.] Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Orthoped Clin, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Prakash, Vidhya] So Illinois Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, 701 North First St,A482, Springfield, IL 62702 USA. RP Triplett, D (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, 128 E Apple St,Weber CHE Bldg,2nd Floor, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 181 IS 3 BP E306 EP E309 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00232 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DI3NJ UT WOS:000373405100004 PM 26926760 ER PT J AU Hoff, BW French, DM Reid, RR Lawrance, JE Lepell, PD Maestas, SS AF Hoff, Brad W. French, David M. Reid, Remington R. Lawrance, Julie E. Lepell, P. David Maestas, Sabrina S. TI Apparatus for generating quasi-free-space microwave-driven plasmas SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID DEVICE AB An apparatus for generating quasi-free-space microwave-driven plasmas has been designed, constructed, and tested. The plasma is driven by a multi-kW, similar to 5 GHz microwave beam focused at the center of a vacuum chamber using a Koch-type metal plate lens. Sustained plasma discharges have been generated in argon at pressures ranging from 150 to 200 mTorr, at beam power levels ranging from 5 to 10 kW, and at gas flow rates of approximately 200 SCCM. C1 [Hoff, Brad W.; French, David M.; Reid, Remington R.; Lawrance, Julie E.; Maestas, Sabrina S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Lepell, P. David] Leidos, 2109 Air Pk Rd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Hoff, BW (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR LRIR 13RD02COR]; Air Force Research Laboratory; NRC Research Associateship award at the Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant No. AFOSR LRIR 13RD02COR and by the Air Force Research Laboratory. R. R. Reid's contribution to this effort was performed while holding an NRC Research Associateship award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 87 IS 3 AR 033507 DI 10.1063/1.4944865 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA DI7WS UT WOS:000373713300027 PM 27036777 ER PT J AU Kuersten, A AF Kuersten, Andreas TI Strategic Reassurance and Resolve: US-China Relations in the Twenty-First Century SO CHINA QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Kuersten, Andreas] US Court Appeals Armed Forces, Washington, DC 20442 USA. [Kuersten, Andreas] NOAA, Washington, DC USA. [Kuersten, Andreas] US Navy, Washington, DC USA. [Kuersten, Andreas] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. RP Kuersten, A (reprint author), US Court Appeals Armed Forces, Washington, DC 20442 USA. EM andreas.kuersten@armfor.uscourts.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0305-7410 EI 1468-2648 J9 CHINA QUART JI China Q. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 225 BP 264 EP 266 DI 10.1017/S0305741016000096 PG 3 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA DH5FY UT WOS:000372812700019 ER PT J AU Yang, J Kwon, HM Mukherjee, A Pham, KD AF Yang, Jie Kwon, Hyuck M. Mukherjee, Amitav Pham, Khanh D. TI Spreading-Sequence Design for Partially Connected Multirelay Networks Under Multipath Fading SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Code-division multiple access (CDMA); frequency-selective fading; fully connected (FC); partially connected; relay network; signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR); spreading sequence ID DS-CDMA SYSTEMS; WIDE-RANGE; SIGNATURE; INTERFERENCE; PERFORMANCE; ADAPTATION; CHANNELS; CAPACITY; FEEDBACK AB Multipath fading can degrade the performance of a wireless communication system significantly when the data rate is as high as those systems beyond Long-Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A). To combat the multipath-fading effects, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques have been extensively studied and used in existing systems. However, another effective method to combat multipath fading is a code-division multiple access (CDMA) scheme, which has not been extensively investigated for relay network communication systems. This paper considers uplink CDMA relay networks (consisting of multiple sources, multiple relays, and a single destination) and downlinks (consisting of a combined source, multiple relays, and multiple destinations) under multipath fading. The objective of this paper is to propose a unique, simple, and effective method of finding optimum nonbinary pseudo noise (PN) spreading and despreading sequences employing a maximum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) criterion and channel state information (CSI). This paper also examines the sensitivity of the proposed schemes to 1-bit quantization, mistiming alignment, wideband jamming, and imperfect CSI. Simulation results verify that the proposed method shows much faster convergence in finding optimum PN sequences and better performance than existing schemes under the same environment. C1 [Yang, Jie] No Arizona Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Kwon, Hyuck M.] Wichita State Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. [Mukherjee, Amitav] Ericsson Res, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. [Pham, Khanh D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Spacecraft Component Technol Branch, AFRV RVSV, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Yang, J (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.; Kwon, HM (reprint author), Wichita State Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Wichita, KS 67260 USA.; Mukherjee, A (reprint author), Ericsson Res, San Jose, CA 95134 USA.; Pham, KD (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Spacecraft Component Technol Branch, AFRV RVSV, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM Jie.Yang@nau.edu; hyuck.kwon@wichita.edu; amitav.mukherjee@ericsson.com; khanh.pham.1@us.af.mil NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9545 EI 1939-9359 J9 IEEE T VEH TECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 65 IS 3 BP 1420 EP 1433 DI 10.1109/TVT.2015.2406666 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA DH5LU UT WOS:000372831500036 ER PT J AU Kambhatla, KKR Paluri, S Matyjas, JD Kumar, S AF Kambhatla, Kashyap K. R. Paluri, Seethal Matyjas, John D. Kumar, Sunil TI Cross-Layer prioritized H.264 video packetization and error protection over noisy channels SO MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE H.264/AVC; Video compression; Cross-layer; Priority-adaptive packet formation; Packet discarding; Error protection; Live streaming ID WIRELESS LANS; PACKET SIZE; TRANSMISSION; NETWORKS; OPTIMIZATION; IMPROVEMENT; ALGORITHM; MODEL AB Video transmission over wireless channels is affected by channel-induced packet losses. Distortion due to channel errors can be alleviated by applying forward error correction. Aggregating H.264/AVC slices to form video packets with sizes adapted to their importance can also improve transmission reliability. Larger packets are more likely to be in error but smaller packets require more overhead. We present a cross-layer dynamic programming (DP) approach to minimize the expected received video distortion by jointly addressing the priority-adaptive packet formation at the application layer and rate compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) code rate allocation at the physical layer for prioritized slices of each group of pictures (GOP). Some low priority slices are also discarded to improve protection to more important slices and meet the channel bit-rate limitations. We propose two schemes. Our first scheme carries out joint optimization for all slices of a GOP at a time. The second scheme extends our cross-layer DP-based approach to slices of each frame by predicting the expected channel bit budget per frame for live streaming. The prediction uses a generalized linear model developed over the cumulative mean squared error per frame, channel SNR, and normalized compressed frame bit budget. The parameters are determined over a video dataset that spans high, medium and low motion complexity. The predicted frame bit budget is used to derive the packet sizes and corresponding RCPC code rates for live transmission using our DP-based approach. Simulation results show that both proposed schemes significantly improve the received video quality over contemporary error protection schemes. C1 [Kambhatla, Kashyap K. R.; Kumar, Sunil] Univ Calif San Diego, Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Paluri, Seethal] San Diego State Univ, Computat Sci Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Matyjas, John D.] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Kambhatla, KKR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM kkambhat@ucsd.edu; spaluri@mail.sdsu.edu; john.matyjas@us.af.mil; skumar@mail.sdsu.edu FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-08-1-0078, FA8750-11-1-0048] FX Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited: 88ABW-2014-5102, 4 Nov. 2014. This research was partially supported by awards from the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under contract #FA8750-08-1-0078 and #FA8750-11-1-0048. Opinions, interpretations, and conclusions are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-7501 EI 1573-7721 J9 MULTIMED TOOLS APPL JI Multimed. Tools Appl. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 75 IS 6 BP 3235 EP 3257 DI 10.1007/s11042-014-2432-1 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA DH6BI UT WOS:000372875600015 ER PT J AU Levy, H Clucas, GV Rogers, AD Leache, AD Ciborowski, KL Polito, MJ Lynch, HJ Dunn, MJ Hart, T AF Levy, Hila Clucas, Gemma V. Rogers, Alex D. Leache, Adam D. Ciborowski, Kate L. Polito, Michael J. Lynch, Heather J. Dunn, Michael J. Hart, Tom TI Population structure and phylogeography of the Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) across the Scotia Arc SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bayesian phylogeography; dispersal; microsatellites; penguins; population genetics; Pygoscelis papua ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FALKLAND ISLANDS; EMPEROR PENGUIN; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; SEA-ICE; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; MEGADYPTES-ANTIPODES AB Climate change, fisheries' pressure on penguin prey, and direct human disturbance of wildlife have all been implicated in causing large shifts in the abundance and distribution of penguins in the Southern Ocean. Without mark-recapture studies, understanding how colonies form and, by extension, how ranges shift is challenging. Genetic studies, particularly focused on newly established colonies, provide a snapshot of colonization and can reveal the extent to which shifts in abundance and occupancy result from changes in demographic rates (e.g., reproduction and survival) or migration among suitable patches of habitat. Here, we describe the population structure of a colonial seabird breeding across a large latitudinal range in the Southern Ocean. Using multilocus microsatellite genotype data from 510 Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) individuals from 14 colonies along the Scotia Arc and Antarctic Peninsula, together with mitochondrial DNA data, we find strong genetic differentiation between colonies north and south of the Polar Front, that coincides geographically with the taxonomic boundary separating the subspecies P. p. papua and P. p. ellsworthii. Using a discrete Bayesian phylogeographic approach, we show that southern Gentoos expanded from a possible glacial refuge in the center of their current range, colonizing regions to the north and south through rare, long-distance dispersal. Our findings show that this dispersal is important for new colony foundation and range expansion in a seabird species that ordinarily exhibits high levels of natal philopatry, though persistent oceanographic features serve as barriers to movement. C1 [Levy, Hila; Clucas, Gemma V.; Rogers, Alex D.; Hart, Tom] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Levy, Hila] USAF, Air Force Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Clucas, Gemma V.] Univ Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, Waterfront Campus,European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Leache, Adam D.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Leache, Adam D.] Univ Washington, Burke Museum Nat Hist & Culture, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ciborowski, Kate L.] Univ Bristol, Dept Biol, Woodland Rd, Bristol BS8 1UG, Avon, England. [Polito, Michael J.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lynch, Heather J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Dunn, Michael J.] British Antarctic Survey, High Cross,Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP Levy, H (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. EM hila.levy@zoo.ox.ac.uk OI Levy, Hila/0000-0001-9204-6417; Clucas, Gemma/0000-0002-4305-1719 FU Falkland Islands Government Environmental Planning Department; Charities Advisory Trust; John Ray Trust; Sigma Xi; Rhodes Trust; British International Helicopters Ltd in the Falkland Islands; US Air Force; Royal Air Force FX This study was funded by the Falkland Islands Government Environmental Planning Department, the Charities Advisory Trust, the John Ray Trust, Sigma Xi, and the Rhodes Trust. We thank British International Helicopters Ltd in the Falkland Islands, the US Air Force, and Royal Air Force for their support of this project. NR 121 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 6 IS 6 BP 1834 EP 1853 DI 10.1002/ece3.1929 PG 20 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA DH0QI UT WOS:000372488300023 PM 26933489 ER PT J AU Niemtzow, RC Burns, SM Piazza, TR Pock, AR Walter, J Petri, R Hofmann, L Wilson, C Drake, D Calabria, K Biery, J Baxter, JS Gallagher, RM Jonas, WB AF Niemtzow, Richard C. Burns, Stephen M. Piazza, Thomas R. Pock, Arnyce R. Walter, Joan Petri, Richard Hofmann, Lewis Wilson, Candy Drake, David Calabria, Kathryn Biery, John Baxter, John S. Gallagher, Rollin M. Jonas, Wayne B. TI Integrative Medicine in the Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs: Cautious Steps Forward SO JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Niemtzow, Richard C.; Burns, Stephen M.; Piazza, Thomas R.; Wilson, Candy; Calabria, Kathryn] US Air Force, Malcolm Grow Med Clin & Surg Ctr, Acupuncture & Integrat Med Ctr, 1050 W Perimeter Rd, Joint Base Andrews, MD 20762 USA. [Pock, Arnyce R.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Walter, Joan; Jonas, Wayne B.] Samueli Inst, Alexandria, VA USA. [Petri, Richard] William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. [Hofmann, Lewis] Shoreland Inc, Arlington, VA USA. [Drake, David] Hunter Holmes McGuire Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Richmond, VA USA. [Biery, John] Naval Installat Command, Navy Wounded Warrior Safe Harbor, Washington, DC USA. [Baxter, John S.] Pentagon Flight Med Clin, Washington, DC USA. [Gallagher, Rollin M.] Corporal Michael J Crescent Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Niemtzow, RC (reprint author), US Air Force, Malcolm Grow Med Clin & Surg Ctr, Acupuncture & Integrat Med Ctr, 1050 W Perimeter Rd, Joint Base Andrews, MD 20762 USA. EM n5evmd@gmail.com NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1075-5535 EI 1557-7708 J9 J ALTERN COMPLEM MED JI J. Altern. Complement Med. PD MAR 1 PY 2016 VL 22 IS 3 BP 171 EP 173 DI 10.1089/acm.2016.29002.rcn PG 3 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA DG9OG UT WOS:000372412500001 PM 26890036 ER PT J AU Barron, LG Carretta, TR Rose, MR AF Barron, Laura G. Carretta, Thomas R. Rose, Mark R. TI Aptitude and Trait Predictors of Manned and Unmanned Aircraft Pilot Job Performance SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aviator aptitude and personality traits; job performance; remotely piloted aircraft; unmanned aerial systems ID PERSONALITY-TRAITS; METAANALYSIS; REACTIVITY; ABILITY AB Previous research has shown that the same aptitude and trait measures that predict success in U.S. Air Force (USAF) manned aircraft pilot training predict remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) pilot training outcomes with generally similar levels of validity (Carretta, 2013; Rose, Barron, Carretta, Arnold, & Howse, 2014). However, because USAF RPA pilots initially train in manned aircraft, validation of aptitude and traits predictive of RPA pilot success has thus far been limited to RPA pilot training outcomes that actually require manned flight. Hence, thus far, there has been no basis for determining the aptitudes and traits predictive of success in environments in which pilots actually fly RPAs. To address this gap, the present study evaluated preaccession trait (Big Five personality domains) and aptitude (spatial, quantitative, and aviation knowledge) measures as predictors of manned and unmanned aircraft pilot performance on-the-job, as measured by supervisor and senior rater stratification on 3 years of Officer Performance Reports (OPRs). Results were generally consistent in showing that the same aptitudes, knowledge, and personality traits that predict successful job performance for manned aircraft pilots also predict successful job performance for RPA pilots. However, results also showed preaccession aviation knowledge to be a stronger predictor of job performance for RPA pilots than for manned aircraft pilots. These findings and their implications for attracting and selecting RPA pilots are discussed. C1 [Barron, Laura G.; Rose, Mark R.] Air Force Personnel Ctr, Randolph AFB, TX USA. [Carretta, Thomas R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Barron, LG (reprint author), HQ AFPC DSYX Strateg Res & Assessment, 550 C St West, Randolph AFB, TX 78150 USA. EM laura.barron@us.af.mil NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 13 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0899-5605 EI 1532-7876 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 28 IS 2 BP 65 EP 77 DI 10.1037/mil0000109 PG 13 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA DG8ZK UT WOS:000372371900001 ER PT J AU Schneider, KG Bezdjian, S Burchett, D Isler, WC Dickey, D Garb, HN AF Schneider, Kristin G. Bezdjian, Serena Burchett, Danielle Isler, William C. Dickey, David Garb, Howard N. TI The Impact of the United States Air Force Deployment Transition Center on Postdeployment Mental Health Outcomes SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Air Force service members; third-location decompression; Deployment Transition Center; deployment health assessments; mental health ID PROPENSITY SCORE; 3RD-LOCATION DECOMPRESSION; AFGHANISTAN; IRAQ; SOLDIERS; PROGRAM; SERVICE; CARE AB The United States Air Force Deployment Transition Center (DTC) operates a 2-day third-location decompression program that commenced operations during the summer of 2010 in Ramstein, Germany, with the aim to assist Air Force service members (AFSMs) who are returning from deployment as they prepare to reintegrate back into their home lives and work stations. The present study evaluated the impact of DTC attendance on later mental health outcomes. Because participants are not randomly assigned to attend the DTC, propensity score weighting was used to compare DTC participants (N = 1,573) to a weighted control group of AFSMs (N = 1,570) in the same job specialties who returned from deployment during the same time period. Rates of endorsement to items on the Postdeployment Health Reassessment were examined and compared, as were rates of mental health diagnoses from AFSMs' official medical records. Key findings indicate that DTC participants reported lower levels of depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms and lower levels of relationship conflict following return from deployment, as compared to weighted control participants. Mental health diagnostic rates were comparable for the 2 groups during the first 6 months following return from deployment. These findings suggest that participation in the DTC program had notable benefits for redeploying AFSMs and support the continued use of the program. C1 [Schneider, Kristin G.; Bezdjian, Serena; Burchett, Danielle] Ctr Monterey Bay, Dept Def, 400 Gigling Rd,Suite 2300, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. [Burchett, Danielle] Calif State Univ Monterey Bay, Dept Psychol, Seaside, CA USA. [Isler, William C.; Garb, Howard N.] Joint Base San Antonio, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Dickey, David] Barksdale AFB, Shreveport, LA USA. RP Schneider, KG (reprint author), Ctr Monterey Bay, Dept Def, 400 Gigling Rd,Suite 2300, Seaside, CA 93955 USA. EM dr.kristin.schneider@gmail.com OI Bezdjian, Serena/0000-0003-4755-4257 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0899-5605 EI 1532-7876 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 28 IS 2 BP 89 EP 103 DI 10.1037/mil0000105 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA DG8ZK UT WOS:000372371900003 ER PT J AU Knize, RJ Zhdanov, BV Rotondaro, MD Shaffer, MK AF Knize, Randall J. Zhdanov, Boris V. Rotondaro, Matthew D. Shaffer, Michael K. TI Experimental study of the Cs diode pumped alkali laser operation with different buffer gases SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE diode pumped alkali laser; alkali lasers; Cs laser ID RUBIDIUM; ATOMS AB Cs diode pumped alkali laser (DPAL) operation using ethane, methane, and mixtures of these hydrocarbons with the noble gases He and Ar as a buffer gas for spin-orbit relaxation was studied in this work. The best Cs DPAL performance in continuous wave operation with flowing gain medium was achieved using pure methane, pure ethane, or a mixture of ethane (minimum of 200 Torr) and He with a total buffer gas pressure of 300 Torr. (C) 2016 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Knize, Randall J.; Zhdanov, Boris V.; Rotondaro, Matthew D.; Shaffer, Michael K.] US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,St 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,St 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu FU High Energy Lasers Joint Technology Office FX We acknowledge support of the High Energy Lasers Joint Technology Office. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 8 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 55 IS 3 AR 036109 DI 10.1117/1.OE.55.3.036109 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA DH3WS UT WOS:000372718100026 ER PT J AU Dueri, D Leve, F Acikmese, B AF Dueri, Daniel Leve, Frederick Acikmese, Behcet TI Minimum Error Dissipative Power Reduction Control Allocation via Lexicographic Convex Optimization for Momentum Control Systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Control allocation; control moment gyros; convex optimization; interior-point method (IPM) algorithms; power reduction; reaction wheels ID ATTITUDE-CONTROL; GYROSCOPES; MANEUVERS AB This brief presents a convex-optimization-based real-time control allocation algorithm to optimally utilize multiple actuators on a momentum control system while explicitly considering actuator constraints. The primary objective of the allocation is to minimize torque error and improve performance when the system saturates or becomes singular. As a secondary objective, internal bearing and gear friction are exploited to reduce power usage without the need for accurate friction models. The algorithm exploits the fact that redundant control moment gyroscopes (CMGs) and the rotors of reaction wheel assemblies (RWAs) have nonsingleton minimum torque error solutions. Thus, friction in the rotors and gimbals of the CMG and RWA can be used to find a minimum power solution among the set of minimum torque error solutions. The convex optimization framework enables real-time implementable algorithms, which fully utilize control authority without requiring tuning for changes in the number or the configuration of actuators. C1 [Dueri, Daniel; Acikmese, Behcet] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Leve, Frederick] Kirtland Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Dueri, D; Acikmese, B (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA.; Leve, F (reprint author), Kirtland Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM daniel.dueri@utexas.edu; afrl.rvsv@us.af.mil; behcet@austin.utexas.edu FU Air Force Office Scientific Research [LRIR11RV15COR]; American Society for Engineering Education Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; Office of Naval Research [N00014-14-1-0314] FX This work was supported in part by the following sources: Air Force Office Scientific Research under Grant LRIR11RV15COR, the American Society for Engineering Education Summer Faculty Fellowship Program, and Office of Naval Research Grant No. N00014-14-1-0314. Recommended by Associate Editor S. Varigonda. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-6536 EI 1558-0865 J9 IEEE T CONTR SYST T JI IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 24 IS 2 BP 678 EP 686 DI 10.1109/TCST.2015.2442838 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA DG3WY UT WOS:000372002500026 ER PT J AU Brittelle, MS Simms, JM Sanders, ST Gord, JR Roy, S AF Brittelle, Mack S. Simms, Jean M. Sanders, Scott T. Gord, James R. Roy, Sukesh TI Fixed-wavelength H2O absorption spectroscopy system enhanced by an on-board external-cavity diode laser SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spectroscopy; absorption; diode laser ID WATER-VAPOR; COMBUSTION SYSTEMS; IC ENGINES; HIGH-SPEED; TEMPERATURE; SENSOR; PARAMETERS; GASES; THERMOMETRY; DIAGNOSTICS AB We describe a system designed to perform fixed-wavelength absorption spectroscopy of H2O vapor in practical combustion devices. The system includes seven wavelength-stabilized distributed feedback (WSDFB) lasers, each with a spectral accuracy of +/- 1 MHz. An on-board external cavity diode laser (ECDL) that tunes 1320-1365 nm extends the capabilities of the system. Five system operation modes are described. In one mode, a sweep of the ECDL is used to monitor each WSDFB laser wavelength with an accuracy of +/- 30 MHz. Demonstrations of fixed-wavelength thermometry at 10 kHz bandwidth in near-room-temperature gases are presented; one test reveals a temperature measurement error of similar to 0.43%. C1 [Brittelle, Mack S.; Simms, Jean M.; Sanders, Scott T.] Univ Wisconsin, Engine Res Ctr, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gord, James R.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Brittelle, MS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Engine Res Ctr, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM brittelle@wisc.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 27 IS 3 AR 035501 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/27/3/035501 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA DH1VZ UT WOS:000372574300029 ER PT J AU Parker, GJ Mason, KE Regan, LA Klaus, HD Anex, DS Hart, B AF Parker, Glendon J. Mason, Katelyn E. Regan, Laura A. Klaus, Haagen D. Anex, Deon S. Hart, Bradley TI Unambiguous assignment of male sex to a human tooth: use of proteomics when DNA is unavailable for sex assignment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 85th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists CY APR 13-16, 2016 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropologists C1 [Parker, Glendon J.] Utah Valley Univ, Biol, Orem, UT USA. [Mason, Katelyn E.; Anex, Deon S.; Hart, Bradley] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA USA. [Regan, Laura A.] US Air Force Acad, Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Klaus, Haagen D.] George Mason Univ, Sociol & Anthropol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-9483 EI 1096-8644 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 159 SU 62 BP 248 EP 248 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA DF3OW UT WOS:000371255202051 ER PT J AU Ma, L Lei, QC Wu, Y Xu, WJ Ombrello, TM Carter, CD AF Ma, Lin Lei, Qingchun Wu, Yue Xu, Wenjiang Ombrello, Timothy M. Carter, Campbell D. TI From ignition to stable combustion in a cavity flameholder studied via 3D tomographic chemiluminescence at 20 kHz SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE 3D measurements; Tomography; Fiber based endoscopes; Supersonic combustion ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; MONTE-CARLO MODEL; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; SUPERSONIC-FLOW; TEMPERATURE; ABSORPTION; HYDROGEN; ENERGY; OH AB This work reports the study of the ignition processes in a Mach-2 cavity combustor based on three-dimensional (3D) measurements at 20 kHz. The 3D measurements were obtained by a combination of tomographic chemiluminescence and fiber-based endoscopes. Measurements of 3D flame and flow properties were reported under two fueling conditions of the combustor. The properties included 3D volume, surface area, shape factor, and 3D3C (three-dimensional and three-component) velocity of the ignition kernel. These results dearly distinguished the ignition stage from the stable combustion stage of the combustor and enabled the determination of a transition time to quantify both stages. The analysis of the change of the ignition kernel's shape, when combined with the 3D3C velocity measurements, also illustrated flame-flow interactions in the cavity combustor. These results demonstrated the utility of the 3D diagnostics to overcome some of the limitations of established planar diagnostics and to resolve the dynamics of high-speed combustion devices both spatially and temporally. (C) 2015 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ma, Lin; Wu, Yue; Xu, Wenjiang] Virginia Tech, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Room 660A McBryde Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Ma, Lin; Lei, Qingchun] Virginia Tech, Dept Mech Engn, Room 660A McBryde Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Ombrello, Timothy M.; Carter, Campbell D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ma, L (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Laser Diagnost Lab, Room 660A McBryde Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM linma@vt.edu FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-14-1-0386]; NSF award [CBET 1156564]; U.S. Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship FX This work is supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (grant no. FA9550-14-1-0386) with Dr. Chiping Li as the technical monitor. Development of the imaging processing and analysis algorithms used here was supported by an NSF award (Award CBET 1156564). Lin Ma is also grateful for a 2014 U.S. Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD MAR PY 2016 VL 165 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.08.026 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DF7TV UT WOS:000371561400001 ER PT J AU Grady, NR Pitz, RW Carter, CD Hsu, KY AF Grady, Nathan R. Pitz, Robert W. Carter, Campbell D. Hsu, Kuang-Yu TI Raman scattering measurements of mixing and finite-rate chemistry in a supersonic reacting flow over a piloted, ramped cavity SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Raman; Scramjet; Cavity; Supersonic; Diffusion; Combustion ID TURBINE MODEL COMBUSTOR; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; DIFFUSION FLAME; CROSS-FLOW; LASER; SPECTROSCOPY; IGNITION AB UV Raman scattering is applied to measure fuel/air mixing and combustion of a Mach-2 air stream flowing over a step-ramp cavity fueled with 70% methane/30% hydrogen. Average and RMS fluctuations of temperature and major species profiles as well as scatter plots of simultaneous temperature and chemical scalars are determined from single-shot Raman scattering measurements along a 6-mm line transverse to the main supersonic flow. In the fuel-rich regions of the pilot cavity, the 248-nm KrF laser induces broadband fluorescence interference that reduces the number of analyzable Raman spectra; nonetheless, on the whole, a significant fraction of the spectra were reducible. In the cavity, hydrogen fuel reacts quickly resulting in a uniform water concentration in the recirculation zone. Methane reacts slowly to carbon monoxide/carbon dioxide in the cavity, leading to non-uniform concentrations of these species. Mean and instantaneous mixture fraction data inside the shear layer were indicative of oxygen transport across the shear layer. Temperature, water, and oxygen fluctuations are fairly constant throughout the combustor due to recirculation/turbulent transport across the shear layer and the slow reaction of methane. (C) 2015 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Grady, Nathan R.; Pitz, Robert W.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Carter, Campbell D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hsu, Kuang-Yu] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. RP Grady, NR (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM nrgrady@gmail.com RI Pitz, Robert/H-7868-2016; OI Pitz, Robert/0000-0001-6435-5618; Grady, Nathan/0000-0002-3938-3577 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Combustion and Diagnostics Program [FA9550-09-1-0205]; AFOSR Summer Faculty Fellowship FX This research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Combustion and Diagnostics Program (Julian Tishkoff, Manager under contract no. FA9550-09-1-0205). N.R. Grady was supported by an AFOSR Summer Faculty Fellowship. The authors also thank technicians, D. Schommer and W. Terry, at Wright-Patterson AFB and Vanderbilt student Jennifer Frankland for their assistance. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD MAR PY 2016 VL 165 BP 310 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.12.014 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA DF7TV UT WOS:000371561400023 ER PT J AU Islam, MN Freeman, MJ Peterson, LM Ke, K Ifarraguerri, A Bailey, C Baxley, F Wager, M Absi, A Leonard, J Baker, H Rucci, M AF Islam, Mohammed N. Freeman, Michael J. Peterson, Lauren M. Ke, Kevin Ifarraguerri, Agustin Bailey, Christopher Baxley, Frank Wager, Michael Absi, Anthony Leonard, James Baker, Hyatt Rucci, Michael TI Field tests for round-trip imaging at a 1.4 km distance with change detection and ranging using a short-wave infrared super-continuum laser SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MIDINFRARED SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION; ZBLAN FLUORIDE FIBERS; TIME-AVERAGED POWER; MU-M; PULSES; MODULATION; DISPERSION AB Field tests have been conducted of a broadband illuminator for active hyperspectral imaging (HSI) using a short-wave infrared supercontinuum laser (SWIR-SCL). We demonstrated irradiance comparable to the sun for two-way measurements at a 1.4 km distance between laser and target, and performed change detection and ranging. The experimental results suggest that the range resolution of our method is similar to 1.5 cm even at the 1.4 km distance. Hence, we demonstrated the possibility to perform HSI with active broadband illumination using the SWIR-SCL. To our knowledge, this experiment is the first-ever to test two-way propagation of the active HSI illumination over a long distance. The 64 W SWIR-SCL provides near sunlight-equivalent illumination over multiple square meters, and the laser could enable HSI 24 h a day, even under a cloud cover, as well as enhanced capabilities such as change detection and ranging. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Islam, Mohammed N.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Islam, Mohammed N.; Freeman, Michael J.; Peterson, Lauren M.; Ke, Kevin] Omni Sci Inc, Dexter, MI 48130 USA. [Ifarraguerri, Agustin] Leidos Inc, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Bailey, Christopher; Baxley, Frank; Wager, Michael] Leidos Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Absi, Anthony; Leonard, James; Baker, Hyatt; Rucci, Michael] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Islam, MN (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.; Islam, MN (reprint author), Omni Sci Inc, Dexter, MI 48130 USA. EM mni@eecs.umich.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8650-12-D-1344] FX Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) (FA8650-12-D-1344). NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 1 PY 2016 VL 55 IS 7 BP 1584 EP 1602 DI 10.1364/AO.55.001584 PG 19 WC Optics SC Optics GA DF4DH UT WOS:000371297000013 PM 26974617 ER PT J AU Eden, PR Meek, EC Wills, RW Olsen, EV Crow, JA Chambers, JE AF Eden, Paul R. Meek, Edward C. Wills, Robert W. Olsen, Eric V. Crow, J. Allen Chambers, Janice E. TI Association of type 2 diabetes mellitus with plasma organochlorine compound concentrations SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE analytical methods; biomonitoring; empirical/statistical models; endocrine disruptors; epidemiology; pesticides ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; HIGH-RISK; PESTICIDES; ADULTS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; INDIVIDUALS AB The increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with obesity, age, and sedentary lifestyle, but exposure to some organochlorine (OC) compounds has also been recently implicated. The hypothesis tested is that higher concentrations of bioaccumulative OC compounds are associated with T2DM. Plasma samples were obtained from a cross-section of adult male and female Caucasians and African Americans, either with or without T2DM from two US Air Force medical facilities. A method of extracting OC compounds from human plasma using solid phase extraction was developed, and three OC compounds [p,p'-DDE (DDE), trans-nonachlor, and oxychlordane] were quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Multivariable logistic regression modeling indicated that increasing body mass index (BMI) was associated with T2DM in Caucasians but not in African Americans, and African Americans were more likely to have T2DM than Caucasians with decreasing odds ratios as BMI increased. An association between T2DM and increasing plasma DDE (adjusted for age, base, race, and BMI) was observed. Increasing DDE concentrations were associated with T2DM in older individuals and those with lower BMIs. Thus, in this study sample there was a higher risk of T2DM with increasing DDE concentrations in older people of normal weight and relatively lower risk associated with increasing DDE concentrations in those who are overweight or obese. C1 [Eden, Paul R.; Meek, Edward C.; Wills, Robert W.; Crow, J. Allen; Chambers, Janice E.] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Environm Hlth Sci, POB 6100,240 Wise Ctr Dr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Olsen, Eric V.] Clin Res Lab, Med Grp 81, Keesler AFB, MS USA. [Eden, Paul R.] 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Olsen, Eric V.] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chambers, JE (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Environm Hlth Sci, POB 6100,240 Wise Ctr Dr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM chambers@cvm.msstate.edu RI Dey, Kamalesh/E-6568-2017 FU Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University; Keesler Air Force Base FX We express appreciation to Dr. Matthew Ross, Dr. George Howell III, Lauren Mangum and MaryBeth Dail of Mississippi State University for their support in aspects of sample and data analysis and interpretation. We also thank Ashley Iovieno at Keesler Air Force Base and Tina Thomason at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base for their support in sample collection and transport. This work was supported by the Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University and Keesler Air Force Base. Samples and clinical information were provided by Keesler Air Force Base and Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. The views expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the US Government, the Department of Defense, or the United States Air Force. The work herein was performed under United States Air Force Surgeon General approved Clinical Investigation No. FKE-20100017H, FKE-20100018E, and FWP-20100035H. The voluntary, fully informed consent of the subjects used in this research was obtained as required by 32 CFR 219 and AFI 40-402, Protection of Human Subjects in Biomedical and Behavioral Research. This is Center for Environmental Health Sciences publication 131. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 EI 1559-064X J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 26 IS 2 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1038/jes.2014.69 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA DF6EO UT WOS:000371448900011 PM 25335866 ER PT J AU Zou, XH Szep, A Wang, C AF Zou, Xihua Szep, Attila Wang, Chao TI Microwave Photonics: Deep Interactions between Microwaves and Lightwaves SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Zou, Xihua] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Informat Sci & Technol, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China. [Szep, Attila] Univ Duisburg Essen, Inst Optoelect, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany. [Wang, Chao] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zou, XH (reprint author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Informat Sci & Technol, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.; Szep, A (reprint author), Univ Duisburg Essen, Inst Optoelect, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany.; Wang, C (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM zouxihua@swjtu.edu.cn; szepata@yahoo.com; C.Wang@kent.ac.uk NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 55 IS 3 AR 031101 DI 10.1117/1.OE.55.3.031101 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA DF3YE UT WOS:000371283700001 ER PT J AU Naderi, NA Dajani, I Flores, A AF Naderi, Nader A. Dajani, Iyad Flores, Angel TI High-efficiency, kilowatt 1034 nm all-fiber amplifier operating at 11 pm linewidth SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THRESHOLD; POWER AB We present power scaling results of a monolithic Yb-doped 1034 nm fiber amplifier well-suited for beam combining applications. Stimulated Brillouin scattering suppression is achieved through optical linewidth broadening, and results were compared for both white noise source (WNS) and pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) phase modulation schemes. Notably, through PRBS modulation at a clock rate of 3.5 GHz, 1 kW of output power with a slope efficiency of 81% was demonstrated. Beam quality measurements indicated near diffraction-limited operation with no sign of modal instability. At a comparable linewidth and fiber length, power scaling viaWNS modulation yielded only 470W. The kilowatt-class output at a linewidth of 11 pm is the highest power reported for a spectrally narrow all-fiber amplifier operating at the short wavelength end of the high gain range in Yb-doped silica. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Naderi, Nader A.; Dajani, Iyad; Flores, Angel] US Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Naderi, NA (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rdlc.sci.org@kirtland.af.mil NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1018 EP 1021 DI 10.1364/OL.41.001018 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA DF0KY UT WOS:000371029100045 PM 26974105 ER PT J AU Wu, XF Lee, J Varshney, V Wohlwend, JL Roy, AK Luo, TF AF Wu, Xufei Lee, Jonghoon Varshney, Vikas Wohlwend, Jennifer L. Roy, Ajit K. Luo, Tengfei TI Thermal Conductivity of Wurtzite Zinc-Oxide from First-Principles Lattice Dynamics - a Comparative Study with Gallium Nitride SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; BULK ZNO; CRYSTAL; SCATTERING; TRANSPORT; PRESSURE; PHONONS; GAN; (ZN1-YMGY)(1-X)ALXO; EPITAXY AB Wurtzite Zinc-Oxide (w-ZnO) is a wide bandgap semiconductor that holds promise in power electronics applications, where heat dissipation is of critical importance. However, large discrepancies exist in the literature on the thermal conductivity of w-ZnO. In this paper, we determine the thermal conductivity of w-ZnO using first-principles lattice dynamics and compare it to that of wurtzite Gallium-Nitride (w-GaN) - another important wide bandgap semiconductor with the same crystal structure and similar atomic masses as w-ZnO. However, the thermal conductivity values show large differences (400 W/mK of w-GaN vs. 50 W/mK of w-ZnO at room temperature). It is found that the much lower thermal conductivity of ZnO originates from the smaller phonon group velocities, larger three-phonon scattering phase space and larger anharmonicity. Compared to w-GaN, w-ZnO has a smaller frequency gap in phonon dispersion, which is responsible for the stronger anharmonic phonon scattering, and the weaker interatomic bonds in w-ZnO leads to smaller phonon group velocities. The thermal conductivity of w-ZnO also shows strong size effect with nano-sized grains or structures. The results from this work help identify the cause of large discrepancies in w-ZnO thermal conductivity and will provide in-depth understanding of phonon dynamics for the design of w-ZnO-based electronics. C1 [Wu, Xufei; Luo, Tengfei] Univ Notre Dame, Aerospace & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46530 USA. [Lee, Jonghoon; Varshney, Vikas; Wohlwend, Jennifer L.; Roy, Ajit K.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lee, Jonghoon; Varshney, Vikas; Wohlwend, Jennifer L.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45342 USA. [Luo, Tengfei] Ctr Sustainable Energy Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46530 USA. RP Luo, TF (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Aerospace & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46530 USA.; Luo, TF (reprint author), Ctr Sustainable Energy Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46530 USA. EM tluo@nd.edu RI Wu, Xufei/G-5319-2016; Luo, Tengfei/A-8354-2013 OI Wu, Xufei/0000-0002-4871-1376; FU NSF [1433490, TG-CTS100078]; Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship; Notre Dame Center for Research Computing FX X.W. thanks the support by NSF (1433490). T.L. thanks the support from the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship. The simulations are supported by the Notre Dame Center for Research Computing, and NSF through XSEDE computing resources provided by SDSC Comet and TACC Stampede under grant number TG-CTS100078. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 14 U2 34 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAR 1 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 22504 DI 10.1038/srep22504 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DF0WA UT WOS:000371058700001 PM 26928396 ER PT J AU Hartl, DJ Galvan, E Malak, RJ Baur, JW AF Hartl, Darren J. Galvan, Edgar Malak, Richard J. Baur, Jeffrey W. TI Parameterized Design Optimization of a Magnetohydrodynamic Liquid Metal Active Cooling Concept SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL DESIGN LA English DT Article ID ALLOY; MODEL; FLOW; MHD AB The success of model-based multifunctional material design efforts relies on the proper development of multiphysical models and advanced optimization algorithms. This paper addresses both in the context of a structure that includes a liquid metal (LM) circuit for integrated cooling. We demonstrate for the first time on a complex engineering problem the use of a parameterized approach to design optimization that solves a family of optimization problems as a function of parameters exogenous to the subsystem of interest. This results in general knowledge about the capabilities of the subsystem rather than a restrictive point solution. We solve this specialized problem using the predictive parameterized Pareto genetic algorithm (P3GA) and show that it efficiently produces results that are accurate and useful for design exploration and reasoning. A "population seeding" approach allows an efficient multifidelity approach that combines a computationally efficient reduced-fidelity algebraic model with a computationally intensive finite-element model. Using data output from P3GA, we explore different design scenarios for the LM thermal management concept and demonstrate how engineers can make a final design selection once the exogenous parameters are resolved. C1 [Hartl, Darren J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, UES Inc, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Galvan, Edgar; Malak, Richard J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Design Syst Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Baur, Jeffrey W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hartl, DJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, UES Inc, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM darren.hartl.ctr@us.af.mil; rmalak@tamu.edu; jeffery.baur@us.af.mil FU Commander Research and Development Fund of the United States Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Commander Research and Development Fund of the United States Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1050-0472 J9 J MECH DESIGN JI J. Mech. Des. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 138 IS 3 AR 031402 DI 10.1115/1.4032268 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA DD0HZ UT WOS:000369602300005 ER PT J AU Coomer, RR Lee, CW Brockman, RA Storage, TM AF Coomer, R. R. Lee, C. W. Brockman, R. A. Storage, T. M. TI Development of Experimental Techniques for the Characterization of Resin Cure Shrinkage and Thermal Expansion SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Previous work by the Air Force Research Laboratory's Composites Branch (AFRL/RXCC) has shown that knowledge of the material characteristics during cure is needed to accurately predict the spring-in behavior observed in fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite of minimal complexity, such as L-shaped angle brackets. Sensitivity studies indicate the resin material models, particularly for cure shrinkage (CS) and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), are key components in successfully simulating the resultant deformation. Resin CS and CTE are tightly coupled models as they jointly define resin specific volume as a function of temperature and degree of cure. In this effort, a novel experimental approach for measuring cure shrinkage is detailed using a simple bi-material strip (BMS), comprised of a cast resin film on a thin strip of metal, and two-dimensional digital image correlation (2D DIC) to capture displacements while the strip is subjected to a specific temperature cycle. This paper will discuss the development and efficacy of the novel experimental technique in comparison with measurements gathered using volumetric dilatometry. C1 [Coomer, R. R.; Lee, C. W.; Brockman, R. A.; Storage, T. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Coomer, R. R.; Lee, C. W.; Brockman, R. A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Coomer, RR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA.; Coomer, RR (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 52 IS 2 BP 48 EP 53 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA DE1NS UT WOS:000370394300006 ER PT J AU Hua, JC Gunaratne, GH Talley, DG Gord, JR Roy, S AF Hua, Jia-Chen Gunaratne, Gemunu H. Talley, Douglas G. Gord, James R. Roy, Sukesh TI Dynamic-mode decomposition based analysis of shear coaxial jets with and without transverse acoustic driving SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE jets; low-dimensional models; nonlinear dynamical systems ID COHERENT STRUCTURES; PATTERN-FORMATION; LIQUID JET; NEAR-FIELD; TURBULENCE; FLOWS AB Modal decompositions of unperturbed and acoustically driven injector flows from shear coaxial jets are implemented using dynamic-mode decomposition, which is a natural approach in the search for collective oscillatory behaviour in nonlinear systems. Previous studies using proper orthogonal decomposition had revealed the most energetic pairs of coherent structures in injector flows. One of the difficulties in extracting lower-energy coherent structures follows from the need to differentiate robust flow constituents from noise and other irregular facets of a flow. The identification of robust features is critical for applications such as flow control as well, since only they can be used for the tasks. A dynamic-mode decomposition based algorithm for this differentiation is introduced and used to identify different classes of robust dynamic modes. They include (1) background modes located outside the injector flow that decay rapidly, (2) injector modes-including those presented in earlier studies-located in the vicinity of the flow, (3) modes that persist under acoustic driving, (4) modes responding linearly to the driving and, most interestingly, (5) a mode whose density exhibits antiphase oscillatory behaviour in the observation plane and that appears only when J, the outer-to-inner-jet momentum flux ratio, is sufficiently large; we infer that this is a projection of a mode rotating about the symmetry axis and born via a spontaneous symmetry breaking. Each of these classes of modes is analysed as J is increased, and their consequences for the flow patterns are discussed. C1 [Hua, Jia-Chen; Gunaratne, Gemunu H.] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Talley, Douglas G.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Gord, James R.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] Speciral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Speciral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM roy.sukesh@gmail.com RI HUA, JIA-CHEN/L-9657-2016 OI HUA, JIA-CHEN/0000-0002-6591-1417 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-13-C-2440, FA9300-13-M-1503, 88ABW-2015-3171] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under contract nos. FA8650-13-C-2440 and FA9300-13-M-1503. The paper has been cleared for public release by the Air Force Research Laboratory (no. 88ABW-2015-3171). NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 790 DI 10.1017/jfm.2016.2 PG 28 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA DC8OR UT WOS:000369479400004 ER PT J AU Paranjape, K Leite, GB Hallenbeck, PC AF Paranjape, Kiran Leite, Gustavo B. Hallenbeck, Patrick C. TI Strain variation in microalgal lipid production during mixotrophic growth with glycerol SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microalgae; Mixotrophic growth; Lipid production; Biofuels ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; CHLORELLA-VULGARIS; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; SCENEDESMUS SP; CULTIVATION; BIOMASS; ACCUMULATION; OPTIMIZATION; REMEDIATION AB Algal cultivation at high latitudes is challenged by the relatively low annual solar flux. One possible scenario to overcome this limitation is the use of mixotrophic growth to potentially boost biomass and lipid production. Here the effect of glycerol addition on the growth and lipid production by twelve indigenous microalgae was examined. The results show that there is considerable strain dependent variation in the maximum growth rate under mixotrophic conditions with the addition of glycerol causing in some cases up to a 2.4-fold increase in growth rate and a up to a 1.9-fold increase in biomass. In addition, glycerol increased total lipid production 40-60% in some strains. These results also show the value in screening culture collections for desired traits independent of strain identification since here one (PCH02) of the five Chlorella strains showed a large increase in lipid with glycerol. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Paranjape, Kiran; Leite, Gustavo B.; Hallenbeck, Patrick C.] Univ Montreal, Dept Microbiol Infectiol & Immunol, CP6128 Succursale Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Hallenbeck, Patrick C.] US Air Force Acad, Life Sci Res Ctr, Dept Biol, 2355 Fac Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hallenbeck, PC (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Microbiol Infectiol & Immunol, CP6128 Succursale Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. EM patrick.hallenbeck@umontreal.ca RI Leite, Gustavo/B-7382-2014; OI Leite, Gustavo/0000-0002-7181-1236; Hallenbeck, Patrick/0000-0002-7640-9334 FU FQRNT (Le Fonds Quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies), Programme de recherche en partenariat contribuant a la sequestration des gaz a effet de serre [2011-GZ-141307]; Bioremediation d'effluents industriel provenant de l'industrie des biocarburants via la culture de biomasse algale mixotrophe [24198]; CRSNG-STPGP [447266-13] FX This research was supported by grants from FQRNT (Le Fonds Quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies), Programme de recherche en partenariat contribuant a la sequestration des gaz a effet de serre (2011-GZ-141307) to P.C.H. and by Bioremediation d'effluents industriel provenant de l'industrie des biocarburants via la culture de biomasse algale mixotrophe (Numero de reference: 24198) and CRSNG-STPGP 447266-13 Bio-oil Recovery & CO2 Recycling by Waste Stream Enhanced Microalgal Growth & Low Energy CO2-Related Extraction, PCH co-PI. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 204 BP 80 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.071 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA DB9FC UT WOS:000368820800011 PM 26773947 ER PT J AU Lichtman, M Reed, JH AF Lichtman, Marc Reed, Jeffrey H. TI Analysis of reactive jamming against satellite communications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING LA English DT Article DE satellite communication; electronic warfare; jamming; electronic countermeasures ID WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS; SECURITY; ATTACKS AB In this paper, we analyze the feasibility of reactive jamming in a satellite communications scenario and propose a countermeasure that takes advantage of the constraints associated with reactive jamming. A reactive jammer is a type of jammer that has the ability to sense a portion of spectrum and immediately transmit a jamming signal when it senses a signal it wants to jam. Thus, a reactive jammer can counter the processing gain associated with frequency hopping spread spectrum. This paper provides a three-step approach to analyzing the primary constraints associated with reactive jamming, as well as detailed example scenarios (both theoretical and simulated) that demonstrate the feasibility analysis. Additional clarity is provided by splitting the analysis into uplink and downlink jamming. A strategy to mitigate the effects of reactive jamming is presented, which takes advantage of the geometric constraints of reactive jamming by using a coding and interleaving scheme that results in the transmitted bits appearing at the very beginning of each hop. This work demonstrates that reactive jamming is a valid threat to satellite communication systems. The analysis and simulation results suggest that as long as the geographical area around user terminals is free of reactive jammers, substantial mitigation can be achieved using the proposed mitigation strategy. Copyright (c) 2015John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Lichtman, Marc] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles, AFRL RVSV, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Reed, Jeffrey H.] Virginia Tech, Wireless Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Lichtman, M (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles, AFRL RVSV, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM marcll@vt.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA9453-13-1-0237] FX This material is based on research sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory under agreement number FA9453-13-1-0237. The US Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Air Force Research Laboratory or the US Government. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0973 EI 1542-0981 J9 INT J SATELL COMM N JI Int. J. Satell. Commun. Netw. PD MAR-APR PY 2016 VL 34 IS 2 BP 195 EP 210 DI 10.1002/sat.1111 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DC0ZJ UT WOS:000368946300006 ER PT J AU Patton, ST Frasca, AJ Hu, JJ Varshney, V Phillips, BS Roy, AK Voevodin, AA AF Patton, Steven T. Frasca, Albert J. Hu, Jianjun Varshney, Vikas Phillips, Benjamin S. Roy, Ajit K. Voevodin, Andrey A. TI Multiphysics characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotube thermoplastic polyurethane polymer nanocomposites during compression SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; STRAIN SENSOR; COMPOSITES; DEFORMATION; INSTABILITIES; STRENGTH; FILMS; LOAD AB Multiphysics properties of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) are of interest for polymer-based micro-electromechanical systems, tactile sensors, and flexible electronics. Coupling of mechanical (e.g., strain, stiffness, mechanical shock, etc.), electrical (e.g., resistance), and thermal (e.g., thermal expansion) effects has received little previous attention and is critical for performance and reliability. Compression experiments needed for sensitive touch sensors at low force and strain are rare with insufficient understanding of multiphysics mechanisms. This study investigates mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/thermoplastic polyurethane PNCs during localized compression experiments. A novel correlation was established between increased electrical conduction through a spanning path(s) and higher stiffness giving insight into the mechanism of load transfer to MWCNTs. The correlation is attributed to MWCNT shell buckling-induced growth in the real area of contact between the metal contact electrodes and the PNC that occurs when a spanning path is compressed and begins to conduct electric current. Modulating electric current and power dissipation in a contact shows PNC thickness modulation, where higher power results in localized PNC elongation. The observed PNC thickness modulation is attributed to thermal expansion of the polymer. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Patton, Steven T.; Hu, Jianjun] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Frasca, Albert J.; Varshney, Vikas] Universal Technol Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. [Phillips, Benjamin S.; Roy, Ajit K.; Voevodin, Andrey A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Patton, ST (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM steven.patton.2.ctr@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. The authors thank Richard Vaia, Hilmar Koerner, and John Kelley of AFRL/RX for sample fabrication and technical discussions. The authors thank John Ferguson of the Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX) and Sangwook Sihn and Sergei Shenogin of the University of Dayton Research Institute for useful discussions. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 49 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD MAR PY 2016 VL 98 BP 638 EP 648 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.11.051 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CZ6TD UT WOS:000367233000079 ER PT J AU Zhao, T Jarrett, JW Johnson, JS Park, K Vaia, RA Knappenberger, KL AF Zhao, Tian Jarrett, Jeremy W. Johnson, Jeffrey S. Park, Kyoungweon Vaia, Richard A. Knappenberger, Kenneth L., Jr. TI Plasmon Dephasing in Gold Nanorods Studied Using Single-Nanoparticle Interferometric Nonlinear Optical Microscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID PHASE-LOCKED PULSES; 2-PHOTON PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; METAL NANOSTRUCTURES; QUANTUM YIELD; DYNAMICS; LUMINESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; HYBRIDIZATION; SCATTERING AB We report the polarization-dependent and time resolved photoluminescence (PL) properties of gold nanorods (AuNRs). AuNRs corresponding to three different length-to diameter aspect ratios (AR)-1.86, 2.91, and 3.90-were examined using single-nanorod spectroscopy and imaging; the nanorod volume was approximately constant over the three sample types. For each AuNR, an aspect ratio-independent transverse plasmon resonance (TSPR) was detected at 2.41 eV. Aspect-ratio-dependent longitudinal surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) were observed at 2.08 +/- 0.19 eV, 1.76 +/- 0.12 eV, and 1.53 +/- 0.15 eV for the 1.86-AR, 2.91-AR, and 3.90-AR samples, respectively. On the basis of both excitation and emission polarization-resolved two-photon photoluminescence (TPPL) measurements, AuNR PL emission proceeded by plasmon-mediated radiative electron hole recombination. The resonant LSPR mode frequencies of the nanorods were determined from interferometrically detected TPPL signals. For these measurements, the interpulse time delays of a spectrally broad laser pulse (1.48-1.65 eV) were changed systematically with attosecond time resolution, and the TPPL signal amplitude was recorded. The 1.86-AR AuNR did not support a plasmon mode that was resonant within the laser bandwidth, whereas the 2.91-AR and 3.90-AR samples had LSPR frequencies that overlapped the high- and low-energy components of the excitation pulse. The LSPR frequencies were obtained by Fourier transformation of the time-domain TPPL data and compared to dark-field scattering spectra. The accuracy of the interferometric TPPL measurement for recovering plasmon resonance frequencies was confirmed by polarization-dependent measurements; alignment of the laser electric field parallel to the nanorod major axis was LSPR resonant, whereas projection of the laser pulse into an orthogonal plane was not. Finally, dephasing times (T-2) for resonant plasmon modes were extracted from analysis of interferometric TPPL and second harmonic generation data. These results showed that the dephasing time increased from 22 +/- 4 to 31 +/- 9 fs as the LSPR resonance energy decreased from 1.76 to 1.53 eV, as a result of less efficient plasmon dephasing due to interband scattering for lower energy resonances. These results demonstrate the capability of interferometric nonlinear optical imaging with single-nanostructure sensitivity for determining structure-specific dephasing times, which influence the efficiency of metal nanoparticle light-harvesting applications. Therefore, interferometric nonlinear optical (NLO) imaging is likely to make a significant impact on the rational design of photonic nanostructures. C1 [Zhao, Tian; Jarrett, Jeremy W.; Johnson, Jeffrey S.; Knappenberger, Kenneth L., Jr.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Park, Kyoungweon; Vaia, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Knappenberger, KL (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM klk@chem.fsu.edu OI Jarrett, Jeremy/0000-0003-1308-1519 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA-9550-15-1-0114] FX This manuscript is based on work supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, through grant number FA-9550-15-1-0114. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD FEB 25 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 7 BP 4071 EP 4079 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b11008 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DF1MR UT WOS:000371104400056 ER PT J AU Konkova, T Valeev, I Mironov, S Korznikov, A Korznikova, G Myshlyaev, MM Semiatin, SL AF Konkova, T. Valeev, I. Mironov, S. Korznikov, A. Korznikova, G. Myshlyaev, M. M. Semiatin, S. L. TI Microstructure response of cryogenically-rolled Cu-30Zn brass to electric-current pulsing SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Cu-30Zn brass; Electric-current pulses; Cryogenic deformation; Electron backscatter diffraction; Grain structure; Texture ID GRAIN-STRUCTURE EVOLUTION; COPPER SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ELECTROPULSING TREATMENT; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ALPHA-BRASS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; CURRENT PULSES; BEHAVIOR; CU; RECRYSTALLIZATION AB The effect of transient electric-current pulses (ECP) on the evolution of microstructure and texture of cryogenically-rolled Cu-30Zn brass was determined. The pulsing was shown to lead to recrystallization followed by grain growth. The mean grain size in the recrystallized material was 0.5 mu m, thus indicating that cryogenic rolling coupled with ECP is suitable for the production of an ultrafine-grain microstructure in Cue30Zn brass. The differences in the recrystallization texture in pulsed versus statically-annealed conditions suggested a distinct recrystallization mechanism during ECP. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Konkova, T.; Valeev, I.; Mironov, S.; Korznikov, A.; Korznikova, G.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Superplast Problems, Ufa 450001, Russia. [Konkova, T.] Univ Strathclyde, Adv Forming Res Ctr, Inchinnan PA4 9LJ, Renfrew, Scotland. [Mironov, S.] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Proc, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Korznikov, A.] Natl Res Tomsk State Univ, Tomsk 634050, Russia. [Myshlyaev, M. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Baikov Inst Met & Mat Sci, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Myshlyaev, M. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Oblast, Russia. [Semiatin, S. L.] AFRL RXCM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mironov, S (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Proc, 6-6-02 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. EM smironov@material.tohoku.ac.jp RI Korznikov, Alexander/F-1473-2014; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Korznikova, Galiya/0000-0001-6646-7357 FU Russian Fund for Fundamental Research [14-02-97004] FX Financial support from the Russian Fund for Fundamental Research (project No. 14-02-97004) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are grateful to P. Klassman for technical assistance during cryogenic rolling. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 EI 1873-4669 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD FEB 25 PY 2016 VL 659 BP 184 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.11.059 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CZ2OI UT WOS:000366944100026 ER PT J AU Hallenbeck, PC Liu, Y AF Hallenbeck, Patrick C. Liu, Yuan TI Recent advances in hydrogen production by photosynthetic bacteria SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Asian Biohydrogen and Biorefinery Symposium (ABBS) CY DEC 16-18, 2014 CL Melaka, MALAYSIA DE Biological hydrogen production; Photosynthetic bacteria; Photofermentation; Energy from wastes; Improving rates and yields ID SINGLE-STAGE PHOTOFERMENTATION; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES KD131; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-PALUSTRIS WP3-5; RESPONSE-SURFACE METHODOLOGY; H-2 PRODUCTION; DEFICIENT MUTANT; SEQUENTIAL DARK; BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION; PHOTO FERMENTATION; PHB ACCUMULATION AB The photosynthetic bacteria have a very versatile metabolic repertoire and have been known for decades to produce hydrogen during photofermentative growth. Here, recent advances in hydrogen production by these organisms are reviewed and future directions highlighted. Often used as a second stage in two stage hydrogen production processes; first stage fermentative sugar to hydrogen and organic acids; second stage, organic acids to hydrogen, recent studies have highlighted their ability to directly convert sugars to hydrogen. Several studies have attempted to optimize a single stage batch process and these, and a study with continuous cultures have shown that yields approaching 9 mol H-2/mol glucose can be obtained. One of the drawbacks of this system is the dependency on light, necessitating the use of photobioreactors, thus potentially greatly adding to the cost of such a system. In another approach which avoids the use of light energy, microaerobic fermentation of organic acids to hydrogen, driven by limited oxidative phosphorylation has been demonstrated in principle. Further advances will probably require the use of metabolic engineering and more sophisticated process controls in order to achieve higher stoichiometries, approaches that might be applied to other, light dependent, hydrogen production process by these organisms. Copyright (C) 2015, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hallenbeck, Patrick C.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Biol, Life Sci Res Ctr, 2355 Fac Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Hallenbeck, Patrick C.; Liu, Yuan] Univ Montreal, Dept Microbiol Infect Dis & Immunol, CP 6128 Succursale Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. RP Hallenbeck, PC (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Microbiol Infect Dis & Immunol, CP 6128 Succursale Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. EM patruck.hallenbeck.ctr@usafa.edu OI Hallenbeck, Patrick/0000-0002-7640-9334 NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 EI 1879-3487 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD FEB 23 PY 2016 VL 41 IS 7 BP 4446 EP 4454 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.11.090 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA DG9BP UT WOS:000372378100036 ER PT J AU Makri, E Smith, K Chabanov, A Vitebskiy, I Kottos, T AF Makri, Eleana Smith, Kyle Chabanov, Andrey Vitebskiy, Ilya Kottos, Tsampikos TI Hypersensitive Transport in Photonic Crystals with Accidental Spatial Degeneracies SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED-TRANSMISSION FILTERS; OPTICAL LIMITER; SEMICONDUCTORS; PERFORMANCE; SILICON; SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB A localized mode in a photonic layered structure can develop nodal points (nodal planes), where the oscillating electric field is negligible. Placing a thin metallic layer at such a nodal point results in the phenomenon of induced transmission. Here we demonstrate that if the nodal point is not a point of symmetry, then even a tiny alteration of the permittivity in the vicinity of the metallic layer drastically suppresses the localized mode along with the resonant transmission. This renders the layered structure highly reflective within a broad frequency range. Applications of this hypersensitive transport for optical and microwave limiting and switching are discussed. C1 [Makri, Eleana; Kottos, Tsampikos] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Smith, Kyle; Chabanov, Andrey] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Vitebskiy, Ilya] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kottos, T (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. EM tkottos@wesleyan.edu FU AFOSR [LRIR09RY04COR, FA9550-16-1-0058]; MURI [FA9550-14-1-0037] FX We acknowledge AFOSR support from the portfolio of Dr. A. Nachman via LRIR09RY04COR Grant (I. V.) and MURI No. FA9550-14-1-0037 (E.M., T.K.). (A.C.) acknowledges AFOSR support from the portfolio of Dr. A. Sayir via FA9550-16-1-0058 Grant. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD FEB 23 PY 2016 VL 6 AR 22169 DI 10.1038/srep22169 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DE5RA UT WOS:000370687700001 PM 26903232 ER PT J AU Ullrich, B Xi, H Wang, JS AF Ullrich, B. Xi, H. Wang, J. S. TI Photoluminescence limiting of colloidal PbS quantum dots SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The exposure of colloidal 2 nm PbS quantum dots to growing continuous wave laser excitation at 532 nm increases the photoluminescence intensity with the square root of the optical stimulus. The results herein in conjunction with previous findings [B. Ullrich and H. Xi, Opt. Lett. 38, 4698 (2013)] advocate the square root trend to be the general limiting function for photo-carrier transport and emission of optically excited nano-sized materials. We further show that the excitation of one electron-hole pair per quantum dot defines the saturation threshold for photoluminescence intensity and dynamic band filling. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Ullrich, B.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Fis, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. [Ullrich, B.] Ullrich Photon LLC, Wayne, OH 43466 USA. [Xi, H.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [Wang, J. S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ullrich, B (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Fis, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico.; Ullrich, B (reprint author), Ullrich Photon LLC, Wayne, OH 43466 USA. EM bruno.ullrich@yahoo.com FU DGAPA-UNAM PAPIIT Project [TB100213-RR170213] FX The work was financially supported by the DGAPA-UNAM PAPIIT Project TB100213-RR170213 (PI Bruno Ullrich). The authors acknowledge the technical support of R. Garcia and U. Amaya at ICF. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 22 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 8 AR 083110 DI 10.1063/1.4942608 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DH8PO UT WOS:000373057000046 ER PT J AU Ward, B AF Ward, Benjamin TI Theory and modeling of photodarkening-induced quasi static degradation in fiber amplifiers SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID YB DOPED FIBERS; INSTABILITY THRESHOLD; MODAL INSTABILITIES; GAIN SATURATION; LASER SYSTEMS; POWER; MITIGATION; ORIGIN; IMPACT AB A theory of photodarkening-induced quasi-static degradation in fiber amplifiers is presented. As the doped core of a fiber photodarkens and continues to absorb more power converting it to heat, the intensity grating created by higher order mode interference with the fundamental mode moves toward the input end. This creates a persistent absorption grating that remains phase-shifted from the modal interference pattern. This leads to power transfer from the fundamental mode to a higher order mode with a very small frequency offset that occurs on a time scale of minutes to hours. This process is modeled in large mode area step index and photonic crystal fibers and is found to produce reasonable threshold values. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Ward, Benjamin] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ward, B (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM benjamin.ward.1@us.af.mil FU DoD High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office; Army Research Office FX The author would like to thank the anonymous reviewers of this paper that provided very detailed and constructive feedback. The final product is significantly improved due to their input. The author would like to acknowledge a grant of computational time from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program, and funding support provided by the DoD High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office, and funded through the Army Research Office. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the US government or the Department of Defense. Distribution A: Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 22 PY 2016 VL 24 IS 4 BP 3488 EP 3501 DI 10.1364/OE.24.003488 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA DF5ZQ UT WOS:000371433700030 PM 26907007 ER PT J AU McDaniel, SA Lancaster, A Evans, JW Kar, AK Cook, G AF McDaniel, Sean A. Lancaster, Adam Evans, Jonathan W. Kar, Ajoy K. Cook, Gary TI Power scaling of ultrafast laser inscribed waveguide lasers in chromium and iron doped zinc selenide SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FIBER LASER; ZNSE; CDTE; NM AB We report demonstration of Watt level waveguide lasers fabricated using Ultrafast Laser Inscription (ULI). The waveguides were fabricated in bulk chromium and iron doped zinc selenide crystals with a chirped pulse Yb fiber laser. The depressed cladding structure in Fe:ZnSe produced output powers of 1 W with a threshold of 50 mW and a slope efficiency of 58%, while a similar structure produced 5.1 W of output in Cr:ZnSe with a laser threshold of 350 mW and a slope efficiency of 41%. These results represent the current state-of-the-art for ULI waveguides in zinc based chalcogenides. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [McDaniel, Sean A.] Leidos Inc, 3745 Pentagon Blvd, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Lancaster, Adam; Kar, Ajoy K.] Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Photon & Quantum Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [McDaniel, Sean A.; Evans, Jonathan W.; Cook, Gary] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McDaniel, SA (reprint author), Leidos Inc, 3745 Pentagon Blvd, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA.; McDaniel, SA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sean.a.mcdaniel@leidos.com FU U.S. Air Forces and Sensors directorate [FA8650-12-D-1377]; EOARD [FA8655-1-3026]; EPSRC [EP/G030227/1, EP/K502844/1] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Air Forces and Sensors directorate (contract FA8650-12-D-1377), EOARD (Grant Number FA8655-1-3026), and EPSRC (Grant number EP/G030227/1). A. Lancaster acknowledges support from EPSRC studentship EP/K502844/1. Sean McDaniel, Gary Cook and Jonathan Evans thank Patrick Berry and Ronald Stites of AFRL for valuable technical discussion. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 17 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 22 PY 2016 VL 24 IS 4 BP 3502 EP 3512 DI 10.1364/OE.24.003502 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA DF5ZQ UT WOS:000371433700031 PM 26907008 ER PT J AU Brown, RB Firth, JA AF Brown, Robert B. Firth, Jordan A. TI Analysis of trans-Neptunian objects and a proposed theory to explain their origin SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE celestial mechanics; Kuiper belt: general; minor planets, asteroids: general ID KUIPER-BELT; SOLAR-SYSTEM; OORT CLOUD; ORBITS; ENCOUNTERS; BINARIES; SEDNA AB Current theories cannot explain how trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) either formed in situ or how ultrawide trans-Neptunian binaries (TNBs) exist if they were formed closer to the Sun and were later dispersed during Neptune's migration. Furthermore, no theory can adequately explain the documented clustering of omega near 0 degrees for TNOs with a > 150 au. Here, we show that not only is omega clustered for the nine long-period TNOs (LPTNOs) with a > 200 au, but Omega is also grouped almost as closely. Neither of these orbital elements is randomly distributed for any collection of TNOs investigated, including those that are not in resonance with Neptune, those with q > 30 au, q > 44 au, and LPTNOs. Every frequency distribution of omega and Omega indicates that many TNOs were recently affected by Neptune. Based on this study, we propose that TNOs were inside Neptune's orbit in the last few Myr. The TNOs then migrated outwards in a relatively short time period. Ultrawide TNBs never came close to Neptune during this migration, allowing these fragile pairs to remain intact. However, many other TNOs were perturbed as they passed Neptune, resulting in the distribution of orbital elements we see today for all TNOs, including those in the Kuiper belt and the LPTNOs. C1 [Brown, Robert B.; Firth, Jordan A.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Astronaut, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6H-223, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Brown, RB (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Astronaut, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6H-223, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM robert.brown@usafa.edu FU USAF Academy FX We would like to thank the anonymous referee for his/her helpful and prompt review of this paper. We also want to thank the USAF Academy for its support. This document is for information only. No US Government commitment to sell, loan, lease, co-develop, or co-product defence articles or provide defence services is implied or intended. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB 21 PY 2016 VL 456 IS 2 BP 1587 EP 1594 DI 10.1093/mnras/stv2818 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DG7KW UT WOS:000372264200032 ER PT J AU Stewart, DJ Dalton, MJ Long, SL Kannan, R Yu, ZN Cooper, TM Haley, JE Tan, LS AF Stewart, David J. Dalton, Matthew J. Long, Stephanie L. Kannan, Ramamurthi Yu, Zhenning Cooper, Thomas M. Haley, Joy E. Tan, Loon-Seng TI Steric hindrance inhibits excited-state relaxation and lowers the extent of intramolecular charge transfer in two-photon absorbing dyes SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS; DUAL FLUORESCENCE; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; FLUORENE DERIVATIVES; 1-TERT-BUTYL-6-CYANO-1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDROQUINOLINE NTC6; ABSORPTION PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PRODAN POSSESS; CHROMOPHORES; MOLECULES AB The two-photon absorbing dye AF240 [1, (7-benzothiazol-2-yl-9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl)diphenylamine] is modified by adding bulky alkyl groups to the diphenylamino moiety. Three new compounds are synthesized which have ethyl groups in both ortho positions of each phenyl ring (2), t-butyl groups in one ortho position of each phenyl ring (3), and t-butyl groups in the para position of each phenyl ring (4). The dyes are examined in several aprotic solvents with varying polarity to observe the effects of the sterically hindering bulky groups on the ground and excited-state photophysical properties. While the ground state shows minimal solvent dependence, there is significant dependence on the fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime, as well as the excited-state energy levels. This effect is caused by the formation of an intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) state, which is observed in the solvents more polar than n-hexane and supported by TD-DFT calculations. Electronic effects of ortho or para alkyl substitution should be similar, yet drastic differences are observed. A red shift in the fluorescence maximum is observed in 4 relative to 1, yet a blue shift occurs in 2 and 3 because the substituents at the sterically sensitive ortho-positions inhibit excited-state geometric relaxation and result in less ICT character than 1. Coupled with theoretical calculations, the data support a planar ICT (PICT) excited state where the diphenylamino nitrogen in an sp(2)-like geometry is integral with the plane containing the fluorene and benzothiazole moieties. Ultrafast transient absorption experiments show that ICT occurs rapidly (<150 fs) followed by geometric and solvent relaxation in similar to 1-4 ps to form the PICT or solvent-stabilized ICT (SSICT) state. This relaxation is not observed in non-polar n-hexane because the solvent dependent ICT state energy lies higher than the locally-excited (LE) state. Finally, formation of a triplet state (T-1) is only efficiently observed in n-hexane for all four dyes. C1 [Stewart, David J.; Dalton, Matthew J.; Long, Stephanie L.; Kannan, Ramamurthi; Yu, Zhenning; Cooper, Thomas M.; Haley, Joy E.; Tan, Loon-Seng] Air Force Res Lab, Funct Mat Div, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stewart, David J.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, 5100 Springfield Pike, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Long, Stephanie L.] Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [Kannan, Ramamurthi; Yu, Zhenning] UES Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Stewart, DJ; Haley, JE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Funct Mat Div, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Stewart, DJ (reprint author), Gen Dynam Informat Technol, 5100 Springfield Pike, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM david.stewart.32.ctr@us.af.mil; joy.haley.1@us.af.mil RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU AFRL/AFOSR; AFRL/RX Directorates, Air Force Research Laboratory FX Funding support was provided by AFRL/AFOSR and AFRL/RX Directorates, Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 21 PY 2016 VL 18 IS 7 BP 5587 EP 5596 DI 10.1039/c5cp07716h PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DE1XZ UT WOS:000370421500057 PM 26862976 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Zhang, F Larsen, R Chapman, LA Furrer, DU AF Semiatin, S. L. Zhang, F. Larsen, R. Chapman, L. A. Furrer, D. U. TI Precipitation in powder-metallurgy, nickel-base superalloys: review of modeling approach and formulation of engineering methods to determine input data SO INTEGRATING MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING INNOVATION LA English DT Review DE Precipitation; Superalloys; Gamma prime; Nucleation; Growth; Coarsening; Solvus approach curve; Interface energy; Free energy of transformation; Diffusivity ID PHASE-FIELD METHOD; PARTICLE DIFFUSION PROBLEM; AT-PERCENT AL; MULTICOMPONENT ALLOYS; VOLUME FRACTION; CR ALLOY; NUCLEATION; EVOLUTION; KINETICS; TRANSFORMATIONS AB Methods for determining the various thermodynamic and kinetic parameters required for the modeling of gamma' precipitation in powder-metallurgy (PM), nickel-base superalloys are summarized. These parameters comprise the composition of the gamma' phase, the gamma' solvus temperature/equilibrium solvus approach curve, the free energy (Delta G*) associated with the decomposition of the. matrix to form gamma', the gamma/gamma' interfacial energy sigma, and an effective diffusivity for use in nucleation, growth, and coarsening calculations. Techniques to obtain the material data include phase extraction (for the average composition of gamma') and heat-treatment/quantitative metallography (for a two-parameter fit of the solvus approach curve). With regard to Delta G*, two methods, one based on the instantaneous composition of the gamma and gamma' phases and the other on the enthalpy of transformation and the solvus temperature, are summarized. It is shown that the interfacial energy s can be determined from the nucleation-onset temperature as indicated by on-cooling specific-heat measurements. Last, the use of a limited set of static-coarsening measurements to estimate the effective diffusivity is described. The application of the various protocols is illustrated for typical first-, second-, and third-generation PM superalloys, i.e., IN-100, Rene 88, and LSHR/ME3, respectively. C1 [Semiatin, S. L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Zhang, F.] CompuTherm LLC, Madison, WI 53719 USA. [Larsen, R.] Thermophys Properties Res Lab Inc, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Chapman, L. A.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Furrer, D. U.] Pratt & Whitney, 400 Main St, E Hartford, CT 06118 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sheldon.semiatin@us.af.mil NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 2193-9764 EI 2193-9772 J9 INTEGR MATER MANUF I JI Integr. Mater. Manuf. Innov. PD FEB 15 PY 2016 VL 5 AR 3 DI 10.1186/s40192-016-0046-3 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA DO7SU UT WOS:000377984100001 ER PT J AU Gao, Z Thompson, BJ Ragunathan, G Johnson, MT Rout, B Choquette, KD AF Gao, Zihe Thompson, Bradley J. Ragunathan, Gautham Johnson, Matthew T. Rout, Bibhudutta Choquette, Kent D. TI Bottom-Emitting Coherently Coupled Vertical Cavity Laser Arrays SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Surface-emitting lasers; phased arrays; semiconductor laser arrays ID IN-PHASE AB Two-dimensional coherently coupled photonic crystal ion-implanted bottom emitting vertical cavity surface emitting laser arrays are demonstrated. Subthreshold luminescence shows uniform current injection below threshold, benefiting from the improved contact alignment compared with the top emitting arrays. In-phase operation has been achieved in 2x2 and 3x3 arrays at lasing threshold. A remaining challenge is achieving uniform current distribution above lasing threshold for larger arrays due to the variation of series resistance through each of the elements of the arrays. C1 [Gao, Zihe; Thompson, Bradley J.; Choquette, Kent D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ragunathan, Gautham] MicroLink Devices Inc, Niles, IL 60714 USA. [Johnson, Matthew T.] US Air Force Acad, Randolph AFB, TX 78150 USA. [Rout, Bibhudutta] Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Gao, Z; Thompson, BJ; Choquette, KD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.; Ragunathan, G (reprint author), MicroLink Devices Inc, Niles, IL 60714 USA.; Johnson, MT (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Randolph AFB, TX 78150 USA.; Rout, B (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM zihegao2@illinois.edu; thomps12@illinois.edu; ragunat1@illinois.edu; mtjohns2@illinois.edu; bibhu@unt.edu; choquett@illinois.edu OI Gao, Zihe/0000-0003-1844-0541 FU Photonics Center at the West Point Military Academy FX This work was supported in part by the Photonics Center at the West Point Military Academy. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1041-1135 EI 1941-0174 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2016 VL 28 IS 4 BP 513 EP 515 DI 10.1109/LPT.2015.2500735 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA DE8XT UT WOS:000370920700035 ER PT J AU Snure, M Paduano, Q Kiefer, A AF Snure, Michael Paduano, Qing Kiefer, Arnold TI Effect of surface nitridation on the epitaxial growth of few-layer sp(2) BN SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Metal organic chemical vapor deposition; Nitrides; Dielectric materials; Surface structure ID HEXAGONAL BORON-NITRIDE; SAPPHIRE SUBSTRATE; NI(111); FILMS; GAN; TRANSFORMATION; MONOLAYER; PRESSURE; AL2O3 AB Boron Nitride is a promising 2D dielectric material for use in numerous electronic applications. In order to realize this potential, a process for producing atomically thin layers on microelectronics-compatible substrates is desirable. In this paper we describe an approach to epitaxially grow few-layer sp(2) BN directly on an insulating substrate, using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). We also elucidate the effect of sapphire surface nitridation on the growth characteristics. We compare the effect of nitridation on the growth rate, surface morphology and structure across a wide range of V/III ratios. Depending on the V/III ratio, two different growth modes were identified: at low V/III 3D island growth is dominant and at high V/III the growth transitions to a self-terminating mode. Under self-terminating growth a film thickness of 1.5 nm is typically achieved. Surface nitridation was found to improve nucleation, promoting self-terminating growth, and resulting in atomically smooth films. Reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) patterns reveal the epitaxial relationship between BN and sapphire to be [1-100]parallel to[11-201 and [0001]parallel to[0001]. Growth at low V/III ratios without surface nitridation produced films with large hexagonal holes, which could not be completely filled by extending the growth time. Through surface nitridation, these holes were eliminated, producing continuous smooth films. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Snure, Michael; Paduano, Qing; Kiefer, Arnold] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Snure, M (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.snure.1@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [13RY03COR] FX This work is funded by Air Force Office of Scientific Research under task number 13RY03COR, Program Manager Dr. Kenneth Goretta. This support is gratefully acknowledged. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD FEB 15 PY 2016 VL 436 BP 16 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2015.11.030 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA DB1CC UT WOS:000368244600003 ER PT J AU Haugan, HJ Mahalingam, K Szmulowicz, F Brown, GJ AF Haugan, H. J. Mahalingam, K. Szmulowicz, F. Brown, G. J. TI Quantitative study of the effect of deposition temperature on antimony incorporation in InAs/InAsSb superlattices SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Diffusion; Superlattices; Molecular beam epitaxy; Infrared devices ID II SUPERLATTICES; DETECTORS AB InAs/InAsSb superlattices (SLs) are being actively explored for infrared detector applications owing to their superior carrier lifetimes. However, antimony (Sb) segregation during growth can alter the properties of the grown material. In this study, using X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry, authors quantify the compositional profile of individual layers and establish epitaxial parameters for high-quality InAs/ InAsSb SL materials. Epitaxial conditions are determined for a nominal 7.7 nm InAs/3.5 nm InAs0.7Sb0.3 SL structure tailored for an approximately 6 pm response at 150 K. Since the growth of mixed anion alloys is complicated by the potential reaction of As-2 with Sb surfaces, authors varied the deposition temperature (T-g) in order to control As-2 surface reactions on Sb surfaces. Authors find that Sb incorporation is suppressed by 21%, with the increase of T-g from 395 to 440 degrees C. This incorporation likely stems from Sb surface segregation during InAsSb layer growth that is driven by the As-Sb exchange mechanism, which can lead to significant compositional and dimensional deviations from the intended design. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Haugan, H. J.; Mahalingam, K.; Szmulowicz, F.; Brown, G. J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM heather.haugan.ctr@us.af.mil FU Air Force [FA8650-11-D-5800] FX The work of H.J. Haugan was performed under Air Force contract number FA8650-11-D-5800. The authors thank S.L. Bowers, and J.A. Peoples for a technical assistance with the MBE system and X-ray measurements, and sample preparation for the XEDS measurements, respectively. One of authors (Hi. Haugan) would also like to thank Professor C.H. Grein for helpful discussions about gallium-free superlattice design used in this study. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD FEB 15 PY 2016 VL 436 BP 134 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2015.10.018 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA DB1CC UT WOS:000368244600020 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Miracle, DB AF Senkov, O. N. Miracle, D. B. TI A new thermodynamic parameter to predict formation of solid solution or intermetallic phases in high entropy alloys SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE High entropy alloy; Phase selection; Equilibrium phases ID MULTICOMPONENT ALLOYS; AMORPHOUS PHASE; MICROSTRUCTURE; STABILITY; ELEMENTS; ALUMINUM; SYSTEM AB A simple thermodynamic criterion is proposed to predict the presence or absence of equilibrium intermetallic phases in a high entropy alloy at a given temperature T. The criterion was verified using 45 currently available HEAs, for which equilibrium phases and respective annealing temperature are reported. The present model shows good correlation with experiment and gives an improved ability to predict formation of solid solution and intermetallic phases compared to earlier models. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Senkov, O. N.; Miracle, D. B.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directiorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directiorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM oleg.senkov.ctr@us.af.mil OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X FU U.S. Air Force [FA8650-10-D-5226] FX Discussions with Drs. J.D. Miller and C. Woodward are much appreciated. Work by O.N. Senkov was supported through the U.S. Air Force on-site contract No. FA8650-10-D-5226 operated by UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 26 U2 93 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 EI 1873-4669 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD FEB 15 PY 2016 VL 658 BP 603 EP 607 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.10.279 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CZ2MU UT WOS:000366940100082 ER PT J AU Collins, MG Juvina, I Gluck, KA AF Collins, Michael G. Juvina, Ion Gluck, Kevin A. TI Cognitive Model of Trust Dynamics Predicts Human Behavior within and between Two Games of Strategic Interaction with Computerized Confederate Agents SO FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cognitive modeling; a priori model prediction; strategic interaction; trust dynamics; transfer of learning; trust; social dilemma ID COORDINATION GAMES; PRISONERS-DILEMMA; COOPERATION; PERFORMANCE; PRECEDENT AB When playing games of strategic interaction, such as iterated Prisoner's Dilemma and iterated Chicken Game, people exhibit specific within-game learning (e.g., learning a game's optimal outcome) as well as transfer of learning between games (e.g., a game's optimal outcome occurring at a higher proportion when played after another game). The reciprocal trust players develop during the first game is thought to mediate transfer of learning effects. Recently, a computational cognitive model using a novel trust mechanism has been shown to account for human behavior in both games, including the transfer between games. We present the results of a study in which we evaluate the model's a priori predictions of human learning and transfer in 16 different conditions. The model's predictive validity is compared against five model variants that lacked a trust mechanism. The results suggest that a trust mechanism is necessary to explain human behavior across multiple conditions, even when a human plays against a non-human agent. The addition of a trust mechanism to the other learning mechanisms within the cognitive architecture, such as sequence learning, instance-based learning, and utility learning, leads to better prediction of the empirical data. It is argued that computational cognitive modeling is a useful tool for studying trust development, calibration, and repair. C1 [Collins, Michael G.; Gluck, Kevin A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Collins, Michael G.; Juvina, Ion] Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, Adapt Strateg Thinking & Execut Control Cognit &, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Collins, MG (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA.; Collins, MG (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, Adapt Strateg Thinking & Execut Control Cognit &, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM collins.283@wright.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-14-1-0206]; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) FX The work presented here was supported by The Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant number FA9550-14-1-0206 to IJ. The authors would also like to thank the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) who supported this research by appointing Michael Collins, to the Student Research Participant Program at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (USAFRL), 711th Human Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Warfighter Readiness Research Division, Cognitive Models and Agents Branch administered by the ORISE through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and USAFRL. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 18 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-1078 J9 FRONT PSYCHOL JI Front. Psychol. PD FEB 12 PY 2016 VL 7 AR 49 DI 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00049 PG 17 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA DD6DR UT WOS:000370015000001 PM 26903892 ER PT J AU Shcherbin, K Gvozdovskyy, I Evans, DR AF Shcherbin, Konstantin Gvozdovskyy, Igor Evans, Dean R. TI Infrared sensitive liquid crystal light valve with semiconductor substrate SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID 1.55 MU-M; PHOTOREFRACTIVE PROPERTIES; GAAS AB A liquid crystal light valve (LCLV) is an optically controlled spatial light modulator that allows recording of dynamic holograms. Almost all known LCLVs operate in the visible range of the spectrum. In the present work we demonstrate a LCLV operating in the infrared. The interaction of signal and pump waves is studied for different applied voltages, grating spacings, and intensities of the recording beams. A fourfold amplification of the weak signal beam is achieved. The amplitude of the refractive index modulation Delta n = 0.007 and nonlinear coupling constant n(2) = -1 cm(2)/W are estimated from the experimental results. External phase modulation of one of the recording beams is used for a further transient increase of the signal beam gain. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Shcherbin, Konstantin; Gvozdovskyy, Igor] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Prospekt Nauki 46, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. [Evans, Dean R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shcherbin, K (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Prospekt Nauki 46, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. EM kshcherb@iop.kiev.ua FU European Office of Aerospace Research and Development [118006]; Science and Technology Center in Ukraine [P585] FX European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (118006); Science and Technology Center in Ukraine (P585) NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 10 PY 2016 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1076 EP 1081 DI 10.1364/AO.55.001076 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA DD1NU UT WOS:000369689200022 PM 26906379 ER PT J AU Liu, R Lu, R Roberts, C Gong, S Allen, JW Allen, MS Wenner, BR Wasserman, D AF Liu, R. Lu, R. Roberts, C. Gong, S. Allen, J. W. Allen, M. S. Wenner, B. R. Wasserman, D. TI Multiplexed infrared photodetection using resonant radio-frequency circuits SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID KINETIC INDUCTANCE DETECTORS; SPLIT-RING RESONATORS; TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGY; METAMATERIAL DEVICES; ASTROPHYSICS; FILTERS; ARRAY AB We demonstrate a room-temperature semiconductor-based photodetector where readout is achieved using a resonant radio-frequency (RF) circuit consisting of a microstrip split-ring resonator coupled to a microstrip busline, fabricated on a semiconductor substrate. The RF resonant circuits are characterized at RF frequencies as function of resonator geometry, as well as for their response to incident IR radiation. The detectors are modeled analytically and using commercial simulation software, with good agreement to our experimental results. Though the detector sensitivity is weak, the detector architecture offers the potential for multiplexing arrays of detectors on a single readout line, in addition to high speed response for either direct coupling of optical signals to RF circuitry, or alternatively, carrier dynamics characterization of semiconductor, or other, material systems. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Liu, R.; Lu, R.; Gong, S.; Wasserman, D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Roberts, C.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Allen, J. W.; Allen, M. S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Wenner, B. R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Liu, R (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. FU National Science Foundation [DMR 1210398, DMR 1209761]; AFOSR Lab Task [14RY07COR]; AFRL/RW Corporate Venture Fund award FX The authors would like to acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation, Award Nos. DMR #1210398 (D.W. and R.L.) and DMR #1209761 (C.R.). The authors (J.W.A., M.S.A., and B.R.W.) would like to thank the 2015 AFRL/RW Corporate Venture Fund award (Dr. D. Lambert) and AFOSR Lab Task 14RY07COR (Dr. G. Pomrenke). D.W. was grateful to Professor J. Vieira, Professor J. Filippini, and Professor J. Eckstein (UIUC) for stimulating and illuminating discussion. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 8 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 6 AR 061101 DI 10.1063/1.4941431 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DH8PJ UT WOS:000373056300001 ER PT J AU Patnaik, AK Roy, S Gord, JR AF Patnaik, Anil K. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. TI Ultrafast saturation of electronic-resonance-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and comparison for pulse durations in the nanosecond to femtosecond regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE; POLARIZATION SPECTROSCOPY; PRESSURE FLAMES; 2-LEVEL ATOM; LASER-PULSE; DEPENDENCE; TRANSITIONS; IONIZATION; FREQUENCY; SPECTRA AB The saturation threshold of a probe pulse in an ultrafast electronic-resonance-enhanced (ERE) coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) configuration is calculated. We demonstrate that while the underdamping condition is a sufficient condition for saturation of ERE-CARS with the long-pulse excitations, a transient gain must be achieved to saturate the ERE-CARS signal for the ultrafast probe regime. We identify that the area under the probe pulse can be used as a definitive parameter to determine the criterion for a saturation threshold for ultrafast ERE-CARS. From a simplified analytical solution and a detailed numerical calculation based on density-matrix equations, the saturation threshold of ERE-CARS is compared for a wide range of probe-pulse durations from the 10-ns to the 10-fs regime. The theory explains both qualitatively and quantitatively the saturation thresholds of resonant transitions and also gives a predictive capability for other pulse duration regimes. The presented criterion for the saturation threshold will be useful in establishing the design parameters for ultrafast ERE-CARS. C1 [Patnaik, Anil K.; Gord, James R.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Patnaik, Anil K.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Patnaik, AK; Gord, JR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Patnaik, AK (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA.; Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM anil.patnaik@wright.edu; roy.sukesh@gmail.com; james.gord@us.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [F33615-03-D-2329, FA8650-15-D-2518]; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (Contracts No. F33615-03-D-2329 and No. FA8650-15-D-2518) and the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Enrique Parra). This manuscript has been cleared for public release (No. 88ABW-2015-3756). NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 5 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 2 AR 023812 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.023812 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA DC6ZI UT WOS:000369367700007 ER PT J AU Karayan, AI Jata, K Velez, M Castaneda, H AF Karayan, Ahmad Ivan Jata, Kumar Velez, Michael Castaneda, Homero TI On exfoliation corrosion of alloy 2060 T8E30 in an aggressive acid environment SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Alloy 2060; Exfoliation corrosion; Intergranular corrosion; EXCO solution ID ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; STRENGTH ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; CU-MG ALLOYS; LOCALIZED CORROSION; INTERGRANULAR CORROSION; AGING TEMPERATURE; STRESS-CORROSION; GRAIN-STRUCTURE; HEAT-TREATMENT; BEHAVIOR AB In this study, we investigated exfoliation corrosion (EFC) of the alloy 2060 T3E80 in an aggressive solution, namely EXCO. The pH value increased from 0.25 at the initial time point to 3.45 after 96 h of testing. In Stage 1 (0.25 < pH < 3.00), the pH value increased significantly and the aluminum surface experienced anodic dissolution. During this step, a massive hydrogen evolution reaction was observed, and pits formed due to the galvanic effect between the anodic and cathodic sites. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test and equivalent analogs suggest that the inductive loop at low Nyquist frequencies and phase angle plots correspond to the adsorbed intermediates in the reduction reaction. In Stage 2 (3.00 < pH < 3.45), the pH value slowly increased. The continuous pits along the grain boundaries produced intergranular corrosion (IGC) during this stage. A small amount of delamination occurred at this stage. In Stage 3, pH remains constant and IGC extensively propagate, allowing the accumulation of white gelatinous corrosion products under the grains. These, along with hydrogen bubbles underneath the grain, exerted pressure to the grain that was attacked by IGC, resulting in a lifting of the grain. The grain lifting at this stage was abundant. It is clear from the cyclic potentiodynamic polarization and scanning electron microscopy images that the pits formed on this alloy surface in the EXCO solution can be attributed to fall-out of particles instead of passive film breakdown. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Karayan, Ahmad Ivan] Univ Akron, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Akron, OH 44304 USA. [Jata, Kumar; Velez, Michael] US Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Castaneda, Homero] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Castaneda, H (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM hcastaneda@tamu.edu FU [USAFA-FA7000-13-2-0023] FX The authors acknowledge the financial support of the USAFA-FA7000-13-2-0023 cooperative agreement contract. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 EI 1873-4669 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD FEB 5 PY 2016 VL 657 BP 546 EP 558 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.10.082 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CZ2KT UT WOS:000366934800076 ER PT J AU Day, PN Pachter, R Nguyen, KA Bigioni, TP AF Day, Paul N. Pachter, Ruth Nguyen, Kiet A. Bigioni, Terry P. TI Linear and Nonlinear Optical Response in Silver Nanoclusters: Insight from a Computational Investigation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; CORRECT ASYMPTOTIC-BEHAVIOR; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; GOLD CLUSTERS; ONE-PHOTON; NANOPARTICLES; EXCHANGE AB We report a detisity functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) investigation of the thiolated silver nanoclusters [Ag-44(SR)(30)](4-), Ag-14(SR)(12)(PR'(3))(8), Ag-31(SG)(19), Ag-32-(SG)(19), and Ag-15(SG)(11), which were synthesized' and for which one-photon absorption (OPA) characterization is available. Our computational investigation based on careful examination of the exchange-correlation functional used in DFT geometry optimization and for the linear optical properties predictions by TDDFT, demonstrated good agreement with the measured linear absorption spectra, however dependent on the applied functional. Following the benchrnarking, we evaluated the two-photon absorption (TPA) response Using TDDFT, noting that accurate prediction of OPA is important for suppositions on the spectral range for TPA enhancement because of the sensitivity to the excitation energies. Although the TPA cross-section results are complicated by resonance effects and quantifying TPA cross sections for these systems is difficult, our results indicate that the nanoclusters Ag-15 and Ag-31/32 are likely to have large TPA cross sections. The spherical symmetry of the Ag-44 and Ag-14 nanoclusters leads to applicability of superatom theory, while it is not as useful for the more oblate geometries of the Ag-15 and Ag-31/32 systems. C1 [Day, Paul N.; Pachter, Ruth; Nguyen, Kiet A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Day, Paul N.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Nguyen, Kiet A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Bigioni, Terry P.] Univ Toledo, Dept Chem, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Bigioni, Terry P.] Univ Toledo, Sch Solar & Adv Renewable Energy, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Day, PN; Pachter, R (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Day, PN (reprint author), Gen Dynam Informat Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM paul.day.4.ctr@us.af.mil; ruth.pachter@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We gratefully acknowledge support by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and computer time and helpful support from the Air Force Research Laboratory DOD Supercomputing Resource Center. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 10 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD FEB 4 PY 2016 VL 120 IS 4 BP 507 EP 518 DI 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b09623 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DD2ST UT WOS:000369773200005 PM 26730764 ER PT J AU Pock, AR Niemtzow, RC Burns, SM Piazza, TR Hofmann, LA Baxter, JS AF Pock, Arnyce R. Niemtzow, Richard C. Burns, Stephen M. Piazza, Thomas R. Hofmann, Lewis A. Baxter, John S. TI Acupuncture for the New Millennium: A Photoessay from Beijing, China SO MEDICAL ACUPUNCTURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pock, Arnyce R.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Niemtzow, Richard C.; Burns, Stephen M.; Piazza, Thomas R.; Hofmann, Lewis A.; Baxter, John S.] US Air Force, Acupuncture & Integrat Med Ctr, Joint Base Andrews, MD USA. RP Pock, AR (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM Arnyce.Pock@usuhs.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1933-6586 EI 1933-6594 J9 MED ACUPUNCT JI Med. Acupunct. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 28 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1089/acu.2016.29014.arp PG 7 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA EB7JP UT WOS:000387563400005 ER PT J AU Choi, CK Kihm, KD Pratt, DM AF Choi, Chang K. Kihm, Kenneth D. Pratt, David M. TI Heat Transfer Gallery SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Choi, Chang K.] Michigan Technol Univ, Mech Engn Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Kihm, Kenneth D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Pratt, David M.] WPAFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Pratt, David M.] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Choi, CK (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Mech Engn Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM cchoi@mtu.edu; kkihm@utk.edu; david.pratt@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 EI 1528-8943 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2016 VL 138 IS 2 AR 020301 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA DO8WN UT WOS:000378066200001 ER PT J AU Goel, S Wyrwicz, L Choi, M Coveler, AL Ucar, A Brown, AW Sarosiek, T Wong, L Stecher, M Fisher, GA Hendifar, AE AF Goel, Sanjay Wyrwicz, Lucjan Choi, Minsig Coveler, Andrew L. Ucar, Antonio Brown, Alexander Ward Sarosiek, Tomasz Wong, Lucas Stecher, Michael Fisher, George A. Hendifar, Andrew Eugene TI Phase III double-blinded, placebo-controlled study of MABp1 for improving survival in metastatic colorectal cancer. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium CY JAN 21-23, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA C1 Montefiore Einstein Canc Ctr, Bronx, NY USA. Maria Sklodowska Curie Inst Oncol, Warsaw, Poland. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Adv Med Specialists, Miami, FL USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Ctr Med Ostrobramska NZOZ Magodent, Warsaw, Poland. Scott & White Mem Hosp & Clin, Temple, TX 76508 USA. XBiotech USA Inc, Austin, TX USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Samuel Oschin Comprehens Canc Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X EI 1527-7755 J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 34 IS 4 SU S MA TPS784 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA DO9MB UT WOS:000378109600759 ER PT J AU Adams, SF Demidov, VI Bogdanov, EA Koepke, ME Kudryavtsev, AA Kurlyandskaya, IP AF Adams, S. F. Demidov, V. I. Bogdanov, E. A. Koepke, M. E. Kudryavtsev, A. A. Kurlyandskaya, I. P. TI Control of plasma properties in a short direct-current glow discharge with active boundaries SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article AB To demonstrate controlling electron/metastable density ratio and electron temperature by applying negative voltages to the active (conducting) discharge wall in a low-pressure plasma with nonlocal electron energy distribution function, modeling has been performed in a short (lacking the positive-column region) direct-current glow discharge with a cold cathode. The applied negative voltage can modify the trapping of the low-energy part of the energetic electrons that are emitted from the cathode sheath and that arise from the atomic and molecular processes in the plasma within the device volume. These electrons are responsible for heating the slow, thermal electrons, while production of slow electrons (ions) and metastable atoms is mostly due to the energetic electrons with higher energies. Increasing electron temperature results in increasing decay rate of slow, thermal electrons (ions), while decay rate of metastable atoms and production rates of slow electrons (ions) and metastable atoms practically are unchanged. The result is in the variation of electron/metastable density ratio and electron temperature with the variation of the wall negative voltage. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Adams, S. F.; Demidov, V. I.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Demidov, V. I.; Koepke, M. E.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Bogdanov, E. A.; Kudryavtsev, A. A.] St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Kurlyandskaya, I. P.] St Petersburg State Univ, State Fire Serv EMERCOM RF, Murmansk Branch, Murmansk 183040, Russia. RP Demidov, VI (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Demidov, VI (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM vladimir.demidov@mail.wvu.edu RI Demidov, Vladimir/A-4247-2013; Kurlyandskaya, Iya/S-3911-2016 OI Demidov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2672-7684; Kurlyandskaya, Iya/0000-0002-4592-1730 FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at AFRL FX The authors are grateful to Dr. I. D. Kaganovich for the valuable discussions. A part of this research was performed while one of the authors (V.I.D.) held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at AFRL. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2016 VL 23 IS 2 AR 024501 DI 10.1063/1.4941259 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA DL7XR UT WOS:000375854200076 ER PT J AU Gorham, LA Rigling, BD AF Gorham, Leroy A. Rigling, Brian D. TI Scene Size Limits for Polar Format Algorithm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SAR; RANGE AB Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a form of remote sensing where coherent radar echoes transmitted from a moving platform are processed to form an image of a scene, usually on the ground. There are several algorithms that have been developed with varying levels of complexity and accuracy. In applications with large scene size requirements, the choice of image formation algorithm is important. Exact imaging algorithms like the back-projection algorithm (BPA) can form large images without errors, but they are computationally expensive. Another well-known algorithm is the polar format algorithm (PFA), which is significantly faster than BPA, but it uses approximations that cause image errors in large scenes. In this paper, we evaluate the scene size limitations of the PFA in terms of image defocus. This is caused by residual quadratic phase errors that arise due to approximations in the algorithm. We derive this residual quadratic phase error using a Taylor series expansion in the slow time dimension. Then, we derive simplified expressions for image defocus for two flight paths: circular and linear. We also use the Taylor series expansion to derive accurate corrections for image distortion caused by PFA. These distortion corrections are used in conjunction with the residual quadratic phase errors to derive accurate scene size limitations that are notably different from the circular regions of focus determined in earlier works. C1 [Gorham, Leroy A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Rigling, Brian D.] Wright State Univ, Elect Engn, 311 Russ Engn Ctr,3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Gorham, Leroy A.] AFLCMC, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rigling, BD (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Elect Engn, 311 Russ Engn Ctr,3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM brian.rigling@wright.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1109/TAES.2015.140853 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA DJ4FF UT WOS:000374160100007 ER PT J AU Myers, J Mou, S Chen, KH Zhuang, Y AF Myers, J. Mou, S. Chen, K. -H. Zhuang, Y. TI Scanning microwave microscope imaging of micro-patterned monolayer graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FILMS; TRANSISTORS; VO2 AB Characterization of micro-patterned chemical vapor deposited monolayer graphene using a scanning microwave microscope has been presented. Monolayer graphene sheets deposited on a copper substrate were transferred to a variety of substrates and micro-patterned into a periodic array of parallel lines. The measured complex reflection coefficients exhibit a strong dependency on the operating frequency and on the samples' electrical conductivity and permittivity. The experiments show an extremely high sensitivity by detecting image contrast between single and double layer graphene sheets. Correlating the images recorded at the half-and quarter-wavelength resonant frequencies shows that the relative permittivity of the single layer graphene sheet is above 10(5). The results are in good agreement with the three dimensional numerical electromagnetic simulations. This method may be instrumental for a comprehensive understanding of the scanning microwave microscope image contrast and provide a unique technique to estimate the local electrical properties with nano-meter scale spatial resolution of two dimensional materials at radio frequency. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Myers, J.; Zhuang, Y.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Mou, S.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chen, K. -H.] Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Myers, J (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [14RX12COR] FX Shin Mou and Joshua Myers acknowledge the financial support from Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFRL laboratory task 14RX12COR managed by Dr. Gernot Pomrenke. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 5 AR 053101 DI 10.1063/1.4940991 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DH8PD UT WOS:000373055700048 ER PT J AU Ramamirtham, R Akula, JD Soni, G Swanson, MJ Bush, JN Moskowitz, A Swanson, EA Favazza, TL Tavormina, JL Mujat, M Ferguson, RD Hansen, RM Fulton, AB AF Ramamirtham, Ramkumar Akula, James D. Soni, Garima Swanson, Matthew J. Bush, Jennifer N. Moskowitz, Anne Swanson, Emily A. Favazza, Tara L. Tavormina, Jena L. Mujat, Mircea Ferguson, R. Daniel Hansen, Ronald M. Fulton, Anne B. TI Extrafoveal Cone Packing in Eyes With a History of Retinopathy of Prematurity SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE retinopathy of prematurity; cones; physiological optics; image analysis; photoreceptor morphology ID OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; SCANNING LASER OPHTHALMOSCOPE; DIRECTIONAL SENSITIVITY; THRESHOLD RETINOPATHY; MULTICENTER TRIAL; FINE-STRUCTURE; VISUAL-FIELDS; CHILDREN; CRYOTHERAPY; INFANTS AB PURPOSE. To study the density and packing geometry of the extrafoveal cone photoreceptors in eyes with a history of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). We used a multimodal combination of adaptive optics (AO) scanning light ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS. Cones were identified in subjects (aged 14-26 years) with a history of ROP that was either severe and treated by laser ablation of avascular peripheral retina (TROP; n = 5) or mild and spontaneously resolved, untreated (UROP; n = 5), and in term-born controls (CT; n = 8). The AO-SLO images were obtained at temporal eccentricities 4.5 degrees, 9 degrees, 13.5 degrees, and 18 degrees using both confocal and offset apertures with simultaneous, colocal OCT images. Effects of group, eccentricity, and aperture were evaluated and the modalities compared. RESULTS. In the SLO images, cone density was lower and the packing pattern less regular in TROP, relative to CT and UROP retinae. Although SLO image quality appeared lower in TROP, root mean square (RMS) wavefront error did not differ among the groups. In TROP eyes, cone discrimination was easier in offset aperture images. There was no evidence of cone loss in the TROP OCT images. CONCLUSIONS. Low cone density in TROP confocal SLO images may have resulted from lower image quality. Since AO correction in these eyes was equivalent to that of the control group, and OCT imaging showed no significant cone loss, the optical properties of the inner retina or properties of the cones themselves are likely altered in a way that affects photoreceptor imaging. C1 [Ramamirtham, Ramkumar; Akula, James D.; Soni, Garima; Swanson, Matthew J.; Bush, Jennifer N.; Moskowitz, Anne; Swanson, Emily A.; Favazza, Tara L.; Tavormina, Jena L.; Hansen, Ronald M.; Fulton, Anne B.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA USA. [Ramamirtham, Ramkumar; Akula, James D.; Moskowitz, Anne; Hansen, Ronald M.; Fulton, Anne B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Soni, Garima] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Swanson, Matthew J.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Mujat, Mircea; Ferguson, R. Daniel] Phys Sci Inc, Andover, MA USA. RP Fulton, AB (reprint author), Dept Ophthalmol, 300 Longwood Ave,Fegan 4, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM anne.fulton@childrens.harvard.edu OI Tavormina, Jena/0000-0003-4869-7866 FU Massachusetts Lions Eye Research Fund; Boston Children's Hospital Ophthalmology Foundation; National Institutes of Health [EY10597] FX Supported by the Massachusetts Lions Eye Research Fund (RMH), Boston Children's Hospital Ophthalmology Foundation (JDA), and National Institutes of Health Grant EY10597 (ABF). NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 EI 1552-5783 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 57 IS 2 BP 467 EP 475 DI 10.1167/iovs.15-17783 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA DI6EF UT WOS:000373591300020 PM 26868749 ER PT J AU Chiles, DP Roberts, TA Klein, DA AF Chiles, Daniel P. Roberts, Timothy A. Klein, David A. TI LONG-ACTING REVERSIBLE CONTRACEPTION UPTAKE AND CONTINUATION IN A UNIVERSAL HEALTHCARE SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chiles, Daniel P.] US Army, Washington, DC USA. [Roberts, Timothy A.; Klein, David A.] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X EI 1879-1972 J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD FEB PY 2016 VL 58 IS 2 SU S MA 152 BP S79 EP S80 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA DI3VW UT WOS:000373428800153 ER PT J AU Tvaryanas, AP Maupin, GM Fouts, BL AF Tvaryanas, Anthony P. Maupin, Genny M. Fouts, Brittany L. TI Assessment of Deployment-Related Exposures on Risk of Incident Mental Health Diagnoses Among Air Force Critical Care Providers: Nested Case-Control Study SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MOTOR-VEHICLE ACCIDENTS; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS; IRAQ WAR; PERSONNEL; COMBAT; AFGHANISTAN; PERFORMANCE; COMPONENT; SERVICES; IMPACT AB Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between deployment-related occupational/environmental exposures and incident postdeployment mental health (PDMH) conditions in a defined population of military health care professionals working in the deployed critical care environment. Methods: A nested case-control study compared cohort members with a PDMH condition (cases, N = 146) with those without a PDMH condition (controls, N = 800) in terms of deployment-related exposures as ascertained using Postdeployment Health Assessment DD 2796 questionnaire data. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to compute odds ratios. Results: Nonphysician career fields (i.e., nurses and medical technicians), exposure to dead bodies or people killed/wounded, history of a vehicular accident/crash, exposure to sand/dust, exposure to lasers, and use of mission-oriented protective posture (MOPP) overgarments were associated with increased likelihood for a PDMH condition. The infrequent exposures (i.e., vehicular accident/crash, lasers, and MOPP overgarments) were the exposures most strongly associated with subsequent PDHM conditions. Conclusions: For military health care providers returning from the deployed environment, several exposures are useful for predicting those at increased risk for a PDMH condition. However, there are likely many other important risk factors beyond those captured on the DD 2796 questionnaire. C1 [Tvaryanas, Anthony P.] Human Syst Integrat Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing,2510 Fifth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Maupin, Genny M.; Fouts, Brittany L.] US Air Force, Aeromed Res Dept, Sch Aerosp Med, 2510 Fifth St,Bldg 840, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tvaryanas, AP (reprint author), Human Syst Integrat Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing,2510 Fifth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy; USAFRL FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (USAFRL), 711th Human Performance Wing administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and USAFRL. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 181 IS 2 BP 143 EP 151 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00585 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA DI3ND UT WOS:000373404500016 PM 26837083 ER PT J AU Kuether, RJ Allen, MS Hollkamp, JJ AF Kuether, Robert J. Allen, Matthew S. Hollkamp, Joseph J. TI Modal Substructuring of Geometrically Nonlinear Finite-Element Models SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID REDUCED-ORDER MODELS; RESPONSE PREDICTION; DYNAMIC-ANALYSIS; SYSTEMS; VIBRATION AB The efficiency of a modal substructuring method depends on the component modes used to reduce each subcomponent model. Methods such as Craig-Bampton have been used extensively to reduce linear finite-element models with thousands or even millions of degrees of freedom down orders of magnitude while maintaining acceptable accuracy. A novel reduction method is proposed here for geometrically nonlinear finite-element models using the fixed-interface and constraint modes of the linearized system to reduce each subcomponent model. The geometric nonlinearity requires an additional cubic and quadratic polynomial function in the modal equations, and the nonlinear stiffness coefficients are determined by applying a series of static loads and using the finite-element code to compute the response. The geometrically nonlinear, reduced modal equations for each subcomponent are then coupled by satisfying compatibility and force equilibrium. This modal substructuring approach is an extension of the Craig-Bampton method and is readily applied to geometrically nonlinear models built directly within commercial finite-element packages. The efficiency of this new approach is demonstrated on two example problems: one that couples two geometrically nonlinear beams at a shared rotational degree of freedom, and another that couples an axial spring element to the axial degree of freedom of a geometrically nonlinear beam. The nonlinear normal modes of the assembled models are compared with those of a truth model to assess the accuracy of the novel modal substructuring approach. C1 [Kuether, Robert J.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Allen, Matthew S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, 535 Engn Res Bldg,1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hollkamp, Joseph J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, RQHF, 2790 D St,Bldg 65, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kuether, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.; Allen, MS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, 535 Engn Res Bldg,1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; Hollkamp, JJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, RQHF, 2790 D St,Bldg 65, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rjkueth@sandia.gov; msallen@engr.wisc.edu; Joseph.Hollkamp@us.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-11-1-0035]; National Physical Science Consortium FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant number FA9550-11-1-0035, administered by David Stargel of the Multi-Scale Structural Mechanics and Prognosis Program. R. J. Kuether would also like to acknowledge funding from the National Physical Science Consortium Fellowship for this research. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 54 IS 2 BP 691 EP 702 DI 10.2514/1.J054036 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DI1YY UT WOS:000373294100026 ER PT J AU Granlund, KO Ol, MV Bernal, LP AF Granlund, Kenneth O. Ol, Michael V. Bernal, Luis P. TI Nonlinearity of Apparent Mass for Multielement Bodies SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference CY JUN 16-20, 2014 CL Atlanta, GA SP AIAA ID LIFT C1 [Granlund, Kenneth O.; Ol, Michael V.] US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bernal, Luis P.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Granlund, KO (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kenneth.granlund@gmail.com NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 54 IS 2 BP 769 EP + DI 10.2514/1.J054214 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA DI1YY UT WOS:000373294100034 ER PT J AU Selesnick, RS AF Selesnick, R. S. TI Stochastic simulation of inner radiation belt electron decay by atmospheric scattering SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiation belt; electrons; Coulomb collisions; scattering; Monte Carlo simulation ID ELASTIC-SCATTERING; POSITRONS; PLASMA; MODEL AB Decay of inner radiation belt electron intensity, resulting from elastic and inelastic collisions with neutral atoms, ions, and free electrons of the upper atmosphere, ionosphere, and plasmasphere, is described by stochastic Monte Carlo simulation. Modified collision cross sections allow detailed simulation of large-angle scattering and large-energy-loss collisions while preserving mean effective scattering and slowing-down rates resulting from all collisions. Scattering from bound electrons and -ray production are also included. Results show that traditional methods describing diffusion of the mirror point magnetic field, equivalent to diffusion in equatorial pitch angle, and energy loss by continuous slowing down aregenerally good approximations. Updated formulae for these approximations are provided. The drift-averaging approximation is also shown to provide a generally accurate description of trapped electron decay. The approximate methods overestimate decay rates by small factors, and the detailed stochastic simulation should be used when greater accuracy is required. Key Points C1 [Selesnick, R. S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Veh Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Selesnick, RS (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Veh Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM richard.selesnick@us.af.mil FU NASA [NNH14AX18I]; Air Force Research Laboratory under the Heliophysics Guest Investigators Program FX This work was supported in part by NASA agreement NNH14AX18I with the Air Force Research Laboratory under the Heliophysics Guest Investigators Program. Software for evaluating the NRLMSISE-00 model was provided by NRL (http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/modelweb/atmos/nrlmsise00.html); the IGRF-12 model was provided by IAGA (http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/IAGA/vmod/igrf.html); software for evaluating the GCPM model was provided by D. L. Gallagher. No other data were used in producing this manuscript. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 121 IS 2 BP 1249 EP 1262 DI 10.1002/2015JA022180 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DH7VN UT WOS:000373002100022 ER PT J AU Huang, CS AF Huang, Chao-Song TI Plasma drifts and polarization electric fields associated with TID-like disturbances in the low-latitude ionosphere: C/NOFS observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE equatorial ionosphere; traveling ionospheric disturbances; plasma drift; polarization electric field ID ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES; CONJUGATE OBSERVATIONS; MU RADAR; MIDLATITUDE; SATELLITE; BUBBLES AB Medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances are often observed at the magnetically conjugate points in the nighttime midlatitude ionosphere. It has been suggested that gravity waves disturb the ionosphere and induce electric fields in one hemisphere and that the electric fields are amplified by the Perkins instability and transmitted along the geomagnetic field lines to the conjugate ionosphere, creating similar disturbances there. However, direct observations of electric fields associated with traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) are very few. In this study, we present low-latitude TID-like disturbances observed by the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite. It is found that ion velocity perturbations are generated in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the geomagnetic field within TIDs. Both the parallel and perpendicular ion velocity perturbations show an in-phase correlation with the ion density perturbations. For nighttime TIDs, the amplitude of both the parallel and meridional ion velocity perturbations increases almost linearly with the amplitude of the ion density perturbations, and the meridional ion drift is proportional to the parallel ion velocity. For daytime TIDs, the parallel ion velocity perturbation increases with the ion density perturbation, but the meridional ion velocity perturbation does not change much. The observations provide evidence that polarization electric field is generated within TIDs at low latitudes and maps along the geomagnetic field lines over a large distance. C1 [Huang, Chao-Song] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Huang, CS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM chaosong.huang.1@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory; SMC Defense Weather Systems Directorate; Department of Defense Space Test Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Naval Research Laboratory; Aerospace Corporation; NASA [NNH15AZ81I]; CINDI team at the University of Texas at Dallas - NASA [NAS5-01068]; NSF through Cornell University [AGS-1433968] FX The C/NOFS mission is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the SMC Defense Weather Systems Directorate, the Department of Defense Space Test Program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Naval Research Laboratory, and The Aerospace Corporation. Work at the Air Force Research Laboratory was supported in part by NASA grant NNH15AZ81I. CINDI data are provided through the auspices of the CINDI team at the University of Texas at Dallas supported by NASA grant NAS5-01068. C/NOFS data are available in the NASA database (http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/istp_public/). The Jicamarca Radio Observatory is a facility of the Instituto Geofisico del Peru operated with support from the NSF AGS-1433968 through Cornell University. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 121 IS 2 BP 1802 EP 1812 DI 10.1002/2015JA022201 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DH7VN UT WOS:000373002100064 ER PT J AU Kulatilaka, WD Roy, S Jiang, NB Gord, JR AF Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Roy, Sukesh Jiang, Naibo Gord, James R. TI Photolytic-interference-free, femtosecond, two-photon laser-induced fluorescence imaging of atomic oxygen in flames SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PICOSECOND EXCITATION; HYDROGEN; NANOSECOND; ABSORPTION AB paves the way for two-dimensional imaging of O at kHz data rates. Such measurements can provide critical data for validating complex, multidimensional turbulent-combustion models as well as for investigating flame dynamics in practical combustion devices. Ultrashort-pulse lasers are well suited for nonlinear diagnostic techniques such as two-photon laserinduced fluorescence (TPLIF) because the signals generated scale as the laser intensity squared. Furthermore, the broad spectral bandwidths associated with nearly Fourier-transform-limited ultrashort pulses effectively contribute to efficient nonlinear excitation by coupling through a large number of in-phase photon pairs, thereby producing strong fluorescence signals. Additionally, femtosecond (fs)-duration amplified laser systems typically operate at 1-10 kHz repetition rates, enabling high-repetition-rate imaging in dynamic environments. In previous experiments, we have demonstrated utilization of fs pulses for kilohertz (kHz)-rate, interference-free imaging of atomic hydrogen (H) in flames. In the present study, we investigate the utilization of fs-duration pulses to photolytic-interference-free TPLIF imaging of atomic oxygen (O). In TPLIF of O, photodissociation of vibrationally excited carbon dioxide (CO2) is known to be the prominent interference that produces additional O atoms in the medium. We have found that through the use of fs excitation, such interferences can be virtually eliminated in premixed laminar methane flames, which paves the way for two-dimensional imaging of O at kHz data rates. Such measurements can provide critical data for validating complex, multidimensional turbulent-combustion models as well as for investigating flame dynamics in practical combustion devices. C1 [Kulatilaka, Waruna D.; Roy, Sukesh; Jiang, Naibo] Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kulatilaka, Waruna D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 3123 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA.; Gord, JR (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com; james.gord@us.af.mil FU United States Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-15-D-2580]; United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding for this research was provided by the United States Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No. FA8650-15-D-2580 and by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Enrique Parra, Program Manager). NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 EI 1432-0649 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 122 IS 2 AR UNSP 26 DI 10.1007/s00340-016-6330-2 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA DG7HZ UT WOS:000372256700004 ER PT J AU Roman, AJ Kreitzer, PJ Ervin, JS Hanchak, MS Byrd, LW AF Roman, Abdeel J. Kreitzer, Paul J. Ervin, Jamie S. Hanchak, Michael S. Byrd, Larry W. TI Flow pattern identification of horizontal two-phase refrigerant flow using neural networks SO INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Electrical capacitance tomography; Neural network; Refrigerant ID ELECTRICAL CAPACITANCE TOMOGRAPHY; GAS-LIQUID AB In this work, electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) and neural networks were used to automatically identify two-phase flow patterns for refrigerant R-134a flowing in a horizontal tube. In laboratory experiments, high-speed images were recorded for human classification of liquid-vapor flow patterns. The corresponding permittivity data obtained from tomograms was then used to train feedforward neural networks to recognize flow patterns. An objective was to determine which subsets of data derived from tomograms could be used as input data by a neural network to classify nine liquid-vapor flow patterns. Another objective was to determine which subsets of input data provide high identification success when analyzed by a neural network. Transitional flow patterns associated with common horizontal flow patterns were considered. A unique feature of the current work was the use of the vertical center of mass coordinate in pattern classification. The highest classification success rates occurred using neural network input which included the probability density functions (in time) for both spatially averaged permittivity and center of mass location in addition to the four statistical moments (in time) for spatially averaged permittivity data. The combination of these input data resulted in an average success rate of 98.1% for nine flow patterns. In addition, 99% of the experimental runs were either correctly classified or misclassified by only one flow pattern. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Roman, Abdeel J.; Byrd, Larry W.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kreitzer, Paul J.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Ervin, Jamie S.; Hanchak, Michael S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Ervin, JS (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM jervin1@udayton.edu FU U.S. Air Force [FA8650-D-12-2224(TO0001)]; Mechanical and Thermal Systems Branch of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RQQM) FX This material is based on research sponsored by U.S. Air Force Contract No. FA8650-D-12-2224(TO0001). The authors are grateful for support from the Mechanical and Thermal Systems Branch of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RQQM). The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research or the U.S. Government. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0735-1933 EI 1879-0178 J9 INT COMMUN HEAT MASS JI Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 71 BP 254 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2015.12.033 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA DG2ZV UT WOS:000371940200028 ER PT J AU Coutu, RA Medvedev, IR Petkie, DT AF Coutu, Ronald A., Jr. Medvedev, Ivan R. Petkie, Douglas T. TI Improved Sensitivity MEMS Cantilever Sensor for Terahertz Photoacoustic Spectroscopy SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE cantilever; photoacoustic; MEMS; terahertz ID GAS-ANALYSIS; MICROPHONE; SILICON AB In this paper, a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) cantilever sensor was designed, modeled and fabricated to measure the terahertz (THz) radiation induced photoacoustic (PA) response of gases under low vacuum conditions. This work vastly improves cantilever sensitivity over previous efforts, by reducing internal beam stresses, minimizing out of plane beam curvature and optimizing beam damping. In addition, fabrication yield was improved by approximately 50% by filleting the cantilever's anchor and free end to help reduce high stress areas that occurred during device fabrication and processing. All of the cantilever sensors were fabricated using silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers and tested in a custom built, low-volume, vacuum chamber. The resulting cantilever sensors exhibited improved signal to noise ratios, sensitivities and normalized noise equivalent absorption (NNEA) coefficients of approximately 4.28 x 10(-10) cm(-1)center dot WHz(-1/2). This reported NNEA represents approximately a 70% improvement over previously fabricated and tested SOI cantilever sensors for THz PA spectroscopy. C1 [Coutu, Ronald A., Jr.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Medvedev, Ivan R.; Petkie, Douglas T.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Coutu, RA (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ronald.Coutu@afit.edu; ivan.medvedev@wright.edu; doug.petkie@wright.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [F4FGA04013J001] FX The authors thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) for funding this effort (F4FGA04013J001) and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Sensors Directorate for assistance with fabrication; Nathan Glauvitz for conducting the initial research; Richard Newberry for assisting with fabrication and data collection; the AFIT cleanroom staff, Rich Johnston and Tom Stevenson for their assistance. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 15 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD FEB PY 2016 VL 16 IS 2 DI 10.3390/s16020251 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA DG0WX UT WOS:000371787800046 PM 26907280 ER PT J AU Wang, L Gutierrez-Cuevas, KG Urbas, A Li, Q AF Wang, Ling Gutierrez-Cuevas, Karla G. Urbas, Augustine Li, Quan TI Near-Infrared Light-Directed Handedness Inversion in Plasmonic Nanorod-Embedded Helical Superstructure SO ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CHOLESTERIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; CHIRAL MOLECULAR SWITCHES; GOLD NANORODS; REFLECTION; LUMINESCENCE; ASSEMBLIES; PHASES; DNA; 3D C1 [Wang, Ling; Gutierrez-Cuevas, Karla G.; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Wang, Ling; Gutierrez-Cuevas, Karla G.; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Urbas, Augustine] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA.; Li, Q (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM qli1@kent.edu FU AFOSR [FA9950-09-1-0254]; CONACYT [211982]; Ohio Research Scholars Program Research Cluster on Surfaces in Advanced Materials FX L.W. and K. G. G.-C. contributed equally to this work. Q. Li thanks the AFOSR (FA9950-09-1-0254) and the CONACYT Scholarship 211982 to K. G. C. The TEM data were obtained at the ( cryo) TEM facility at the Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, supported by the Ohio Research Scholars Program Research Cluster on Surfaces in Advanced Materials. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 22 U2 33 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 2195-1071 J9 ADV OPT MATER JI Adv. Opt. Mater. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 4 IS 2 BP 247 EP 251 DI 10.1002/adom.201500533 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA DF3SY UT WOS:000371269300005 ER PT J AU Braginsky, M Przybyla, CP AF Braginsky, M. Przybyla, C. P. TI Simulation of crack propagation/deflection in ceramic matrix continuous fiber reinforced composites with weak interphase via the extended finite element method SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Crack deflection; Ceramic matrix composites; XFEM; Fracture ID DISSIMILAR ELASTIC-MATERIALS; KINKING CRACKS; INTERFACE; DEFLECTION; CRITERION; GROWTH; PERFORMANCE; MECHANISM; DESIGN; MODE AB Toughness in continuous ceramic fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) with dense matrices depends on the properties of the fiber coating or interphase. Multiple criteria have been proposed to describe the mechanism of crack propagation/deflection at the filament scale in brittle matrix continuous fiber reinforced composites; however, most of these criteria fail to account for the presence of an interphase of finite thickness and/or employ unrealistic boundary conditions. Recent simulations employing the extended finite element method (XFEM) have shown that variations in interphase thickness and strength relative to the fibers and/or matrix can have a significant influence on the crack propagation/deflection mechanism. It is shown that primary crack deflection most often occurs when conditions favor secondary cracking in the interphase in front of an approaching matrix crack. Although this mechanism is similar to that argued by Cook and Gordon (1964), the simulations here indicate that the conditions for secondary crack initiation and deflection of the primary crack can be much different than that which was originally presented in their analytical model. Variations in the properties of the interphase are simulated to produce large deviations in the local crack growth behavior as a matrix crack grows into interphase. Results are discussed relative to what has been observed experimentally. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Braginsky, M.; Przybyla, C. P.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Braginsky, M.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Przybyla, CP (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM craig.przybyla@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [14RX06COR] FX This work was in part funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, task #14RX06COR with Dr. David Stargel as the program manager. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 EI 1879-1085 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 136 BP 538 EP 545 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.10.038 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA DF3XW UT WOS:000371282900051 ER PT J AU Patterson, AT Beasley, KJ Kobayashi, TT AF Patterson, Andrew T. Beasley, Knox J. Kobayashi, Todd T. TI Fibroelastolytic papulosis: histopathologic confirmation of disease spectrum variants in a single case SO JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fibroelastolytic papulosis; papillary dermal elastosis; pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like papillary dermal elastolysis; white fibrous papulosis of the neck ID PAPILLARY DERMAL ELASTOLYSIS; WHITE FIBROUS PAPULOSIS; ELASTIC TISSUE; ACQUIRED DISORDERS; NECK; MANIFESTATION AB Fibroelastolytic papulosis is a rare, acquired fibroelastolytic disorder that presents clinically as white-to-yellow papules and plaques most commonly occurring on the neck of elderly patients. The term fibroelastolytic papulosis encompasses two closely related conditions previously described as pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like papillary dermal elastolysis (PDE) and white fibrous papulosis of the neck (WFPN). Here we present a case of a 78-year-old white female with a several-year history of numerous, asymptomatic 2-3mm yellowish, non-follicular papules distributed symmetrically over the posterior neck, axillae, arm and antecubital fossae. Histopathologic examination revealed thickened and clumped elastotic fibers admixed with thick, sclerotic appearing collagen bundles in the mid and deep reticular dermis. Rare melanophages, loss of vertically oriented elastic fibers and scattered elastotic globes were noted in the papillary dermis. Based on the shared clinicopathologic features showed in this case, strong consideration should be made for the additional inclusion of papillary dermal elastosis as existing along the disease continuum of fibroelastolytic papulosis. This occurrence of fibroelastolytic papulosis shows unique histopathologic findings of pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like PDE, papillary dermal elastosis and WFPN, further supporting the theory that these entities exist as variants along the fibroelastolytic papulosis spectrum. C1 [Patterson, Andrew T.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Patterson, Andrew T.; Beasley, Knox J.; Kobayashi, Todd T.] San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Beasley, KJ (reprint author), San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dermatol Clin, Dept Dermatol, 59MDOS SGO5D,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Knox.Beasley@us.af.mil NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0303-6987 EI 1600-0560 J9 J CUTAN PATHOL JI J. Cutan. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 43 IS 2 BP 142 EP 147 DI 10.1111/cup.12569 PG 6 WC Dermatology; Pathology SC Dermatology; Pathology GA DF5ZA UT WOS:000371431100007 PM 26260852 ER PT J AU Distefano, J Lin, YC Robinson, J Glavin, NR Voevodin, AA Brockman, J Kuhn, M French, B King, SW AF Distefano, Jennifer Lin, Yu-Chuan Robinson, Joshua Glavin, Nicholas R. Voevodin, Andrey A. Brockman, Justin Kuhn, Markus French, Benjamin King, Sean W. TI Band Alignment at Molybdenum Disulphide/Boron Nitride/Aluminum Oxide Interfaces SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Boron nitride; molybdenum disulfide; sapphire; aluminum oxide; x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; valence band offset; BN; MoS2; Al2O3 ID HEXAGONAL-BORON-NITRIDE; LAYERED SEMICONDUCTOR; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; MOS2 TRANSISTORS; FEW-LAYER; HETEROSTRUCTURES; DISCONTINUITY; DEPOSITION; OFFSETS AB To facilitate the design of future heterostructure devices employing two-dimensional (2D) materials such as molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) and hexagonal/sp(2) boron nitride (BN), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been utilized to determine the valence band offset (VBO) present at interfaces formed between these materials. For MoS2 grown on a pulsed laser-deposited amorphous BN (a-BN) layer with sp(2) bonding, the VBO was determined to be 1.4 +/- 0.2 eV. Similarly, the VBO between the a-BN layer and the aluminum oxide (Al2O3) substrate was determined to be 1.1 +/- 0.2 eV. Using the band gaps established in the literature for MoS2, h-BN, and Al2O3, the conduction band offsets (CBOs) at the MoS2/a-BN and a-BN/Al2O3 interfaces were additionally calculated to be 3.3 +/- 0.2 and 1.7 +/- 0.2 eV, respectively. The resulting large VBOs and CBOs indicate BN and Al2O3 are attractive gate dielectrics and substrates for future 2D MoS2 devices. C1 [Distefano, Jennifer; Lin, Yu-Chuan; Robinson, Joshua] Penn State Univ, Ctr Two Dimens & Layered Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Glavin, Nicholas R.; Voevodin, Andrey A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Voevodin, Andrey A.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Brockman, Justin; Kuhn, Markus; King, Sean W.] Intel Corp, Log Technol Dev, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [French, Benjamin] Intel Corp, Ocotillo Mat Lab, Chandler, AZ 85248 USA. RP King, SW (reprint author), Intel Corp, Log Technol Dev, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. EM sean.king@intel.com FU Center for Low Energy Systems Technology (LEAST); STARnet phase of the Focus Center Research Program (FCRP); Microelectronics Advanced Research Corp. (MARCO); Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); Air Force Office of Scientific Research Aerospace Materials for Complex Materials and Devices program [15RXCOR184] FX This work was partially supported by the Center for Low Energy Systems Technology (LEAST), one of six centers supported by the STARnet phase of the Focus Center Research Program (FCRP), a Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) program sponsored by the Microelectronics Advanced Research Corp. (MARCO) and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Financial support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Aerospace Materials for Complex Materials and Devices program (15RXCOR184) is also acknowledged. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 11 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 EI 1543-186X J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 45 IS 2 BP 983 EP 988 DI 10.1007/s11664-015-4255-x PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA DF2JA UT WOS:000371167600015 ER PT J AU Ware, TH Biggins, JS Shick, AF Warner, M White, TJ AF Ware, Taylor H. Biggins, John S. Shick, Andreas F. Warner, Mark White, Timothy J. TI Localized soft elasticity in liquid crystal elastomers SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID POLYMER NETWORKS; COMPOSITES; MECHANICS AB Synthetic approaches to prepare designer materials that localize deformation, by combining rigidity and compliance in a single material, have been widely sought. Bottom-up approaches, such as the self-organization of liquid crystals, offer potential advantages over top-down patterning methods such as photolithographic control of crosslink density, relating to the ease of preparation and fidelity of resolution. Here, we report on the directed self-assembly of materials with spatial and hierarchical variation in mechanical anisotropy. The highly nonlinear mechanical properties of the liquid crystalline elastomers examined here enables strain to be locally reduced >15-fold without introducing compositional variation or other heterogeneities. Each domain (>= 0.01mm(2)) exhibits anisotropic nonlinear response to load based on the alignment of the molecular orientation with the loading axis. Accordingly, we design monoliths that localize deformation in uniaxial and biaxial tension, shear, bending and crack propagation, and subsequently demonstrate substrates for globally deformable yet locally stiff electronics. C1 [Ware, Taylor H.; Shick, Andreas F.; White, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ware, Taylor H.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Bioengn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Biggins, John S.; Warner, Mark] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CH3 0HE, England. RP White, TJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.white.24@us.af.mil RI Ware, Taylor/A-7130-2017 OI Ware, Taylor/0000-0001-7996-7393 FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Office of Scientific Research of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX T.H.W., A.F.S. and T.J.W. would like to acknowledge financial support from the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate and the Office of Scientific Research of the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 22 U2 70 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 7 AR 10781 DI 10.1038/ncomms10781 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA DF0PF UT WOS:000371040600002 PM 26902873 ER PT J AU Gruneisen, MT Sickmiller, BA Flanagan, MB Black, JP Stoltenberg, KE Duchane, AW AF Gruneisen, Mark T. Sickmiller, Brett A. Flanagan, Michael B. Black, James P. Stoltenberg, Kurt E. Duchane, Alexander W. TI Adaptive spatial filtering of daytime sky noise in a satellite quantum key distribution downlink receiver SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE quantum key distribution; adaptive optics; decoy states; quantum information; cryptography; sky radiance ID FREE-SPACE; OPTICS SYSTEMS; CRYPTOGRAPHY; SECURITY; POLARIZATION; DAYLIGHT AB Spatial filtering is an important technique for reducing sky background noise in a satellite quantum key distribution downlink receiver. Atmospheric turbulence limits the extent to which spatial filtering can reduce sky noise without introducing signal losses. Using atmospheric propagation and compensation simulations, the potential benefit of adaptive optics (AO) to secure key generation (SKG) is quantified. Simulations are performed assuming optical propagation from a low-Earth-orbit satellite to a terrestrial receiver that includes AO. Higher-order AO correction is modeled assuming a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and a continuous-face-sheet deformable mirror. The effects of atmospheric turbulence, tracking, and higher-order AO on the photon capture efficiency are simulated using statistical representations of turbulence and a time-domain wave-optics hardware emulator. SKG rates are calculated for a decoy-state protocol as a function of the receiver field of view for various strengths of turbulence, sky radiances, and pointing angles. The results show that at fields of view smaller than those discussed by others, AO technologies can enhance SKG rates in daylight and enable SKG where it would otherwise be prohibited as a consequence of background optical noise and signal loss due to propagation and turbulence effects. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE C1 [Gruneisen, Mark T.; Duchane, Alexander W.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Sickmiller, Brett A.; Flanagan, Michael B.] Leidos, 2109 Air Pk Rd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Black, James P.; Stoltenberg, Kurt E.] Boeing Co, POB 5670, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gruneisen, MT (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge important discussions with Earl Spillar and Imelda Atencio (De La Rue). This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 55 IS 2 AR 026104 DI 10.1117/1.OE.55.2.026104 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA DF3YD UT WOS:000371283600027 ER PT J AU Zhdanov, BV Rotondaro, MD Shaffer, MK Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, Boris V. Rotondaro, Matthew D. Shaffer, Michael K. Knize, Randall J. TI Low-pressure cesium and potassium diode pumped alkali lasers: pros and cons SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE atomic gas lasers; lasers; diode-pumped; diode pumped alkali lasers ID 795-NM RUBIDIUM LASER; VAPOR LASER; CS LASER; POWER; MODEL AB This paper presents the results of our experiments on a comparative study of cesium and potassium diode pumped alkali lasers (DPALs) aimed to determine which of these two lasers has more potential to scale to high powers. For both lasers, we have chosen a "low-pressure DPAL approach," which uses buffer gas pressure of about 1 atm for spin-orbit mixing of the excited states of alkali atoms to provide population inversion in the gain medium. The goal of this study was to determine power-limiting effects, which affect the performance of these DPALs, and find out how these limiting effects can be mitigated. We studied the performance of both lasers in CW and pulsed modes using both static and flowing gain medium and pump with different pulse duration. We observed output power degradation in time from the initial value to the level corresponding to the CW mode of operation. As a result of this study, some essential positive and negative features of both DPALs were revealed, which should be taken into account for power-scaling experiments. (C) 2016 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Zhdanov, Boris V.; Rotondaro, Matthew D.; Shaffer, Michael K.; Knize, Randall J.] US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu FU High Energy Lasers Joint Technology Office FX We acknowledged the support of the High Energy Lasers Joint Technology Office. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 11 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 55 IS 2 AR 026105 DI 10.1117/1.OE.55.2.026105 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA DF3YD UT WOS:000371283600028 ER PT J AU Peou, S Milliard-Hasting, B Shah, SA AF Peou, Sokunthea Milliard-Hasting, Brittany Shah, Sachin A. TI Impact of avocado-enriched diets on plasma lipoproteins: A meta-analysis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LIPIDOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lipoproteins; Diet; MUFA; Cholesterol; Meta-analysis ID MONOUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; MEDITERRANEAN DIET; SERUM-LIPIDS; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; JERUSALEM NUTRITION; WEIGHT-LOSS; RICH DIET; CHOLESTEROL AB BACKGROUND: Optimizing plasma lipoproteins is the primary goal of pharmacotherapy and diet interventions in people at risk for cardiovascular diseases. Avocados offer a rich source of monounsaturated fat and may pose beneficial effects on the lipid profile. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to perform a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials assessing the impact of avocados on TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and/or triglycerides (TG). METHODS: We searched PUBMED, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and the Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews from their inception to February 2015. The weighted mean difference from baseline was calculated for all endpoints. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess heterogeneity, and funnel plots inspected to assess publication bias. RESULTS: Ten unique studies (n = 229) were included. Avocado consumption significantly reduced TC, LDL-C, and TG by -18.80 mg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI], -24.56 to -13.05; I-2, 46.9%), -16.50 mg/dL (95% CI, -22.91 to -10.10; I-2, 72.5%), -27.20 mg/dL (95% CI, -44.41 to -9.99; I-2, 91.1%) respectively. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased nonsignificantly by -0.18 mg/dL (95% CI, -3.23 to 2.88; I-2, 84.8%). CONCLUSION: Avocado-substituted diets significantly decrease TC, LDL-C, and TG levels. Substituting dietary fats with avocados versus adding to the free diet should be the primary recommendation strategy. Larger trials looking at the impact of avocados on major adverse cardiovascular events are warranted. (C) 2016 National Lipid Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Peou, Sokunthea] Travis AFB, David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, Fairfield, CA 94535 USA. [Milliard-Hasting, Brittany] Travis AFB, David Grant Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Peou, Sokunthea; Shah, Sachin A.] Univ Pacific, Thomas J Long Sch Pharm & Hlth Sci, Dept Pharm Practice, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. RP Shah, SA (reprint author), Univ Pacific, Thomas J Long Sch Pharm & Hlth Sci, David Grant Med Ctr, 3601 Pacific Ave, Stockton, CA 95204 USA. EM sshah@pacific.edu NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1933-2874 EI 1876-4789 J9 J CLIN LIPIDOL JI J. Clin. Lipidol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 10 IS 1 BP 161 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.10.011 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA DE9WT UT WOS:000370991300017 PM 26892133 ER PT J AU Berke, RB Sebastian, CM Chona, R Patterson, EA Lambros, J AF Berke, R. B. Sebastian, C. M. Chona, R. Patterson, E. A. Lambros, J. TI High Temperature Vibratory Response of Hastelloy-X: Stereo-DIC Measurements and Image Decomposition Analysis SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Stereo digital image correlation; High temperature measurement; Thermo-acoustic loading; Induction heating; Image decomposition analysis ID SOLID MECHANICS MODELS; VALIDATION AB The mechanical behavior of solids in combined high-temperature and vibratory environments, such as those experienced during hypersonic flight, are historically not well explored. In this work on Hastelloy-X plates, elevated temperatures were achieved by induction heating and periodic vibratory loading was applied using a shaker. Surface displacements and strains were measured using stereo digital image correlation (DIC) in the blue spectrum to alleviate issues associated with thermal radiation. Through the use of image decomposition techniques the resultant high-quality experimental data were used to validate numerical simulations of combined thermoacoustic loading. The simulations were based on the deformed shape and the corresponding temperature distributions measured experimentally as well as taking into account the thermal dependence of Hastelloy-X mechanical properties. C1 [Berke, R. B.; Lambros, J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, 306 Talbot Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Berke, R. B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 4130 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Sebastian, C. M.; Patterson, E. A.] Univ Liverpool, Sch Engn, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. [Chona, R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Berke, RB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, 306 Talbot Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.; Berke, RB (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 4130 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM ryan.berke@usu.edu RI Patterson, Eann/A-2148-2009 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Material Command; USAF [FA8655-11-3083, FA9550-12-1-0386]; Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award; Royal Academy of Engineering Distinguished Visiting Fellowship FX This effort was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF under grant numbers FA8655-11-3083 and FA9550-12-1-0386. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints of Governmental purpose notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. Major Matt Synder (EOARD) and Dr. David Stargel (AFOSR) respectively are the program officers for these grants. EAP is the recipient of a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award. The collaboration that was central to this study was supported by a Royal Academy of Engineering Distinguished Visiting Fellowship awarded to JL. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 EI 1741-2765 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 56 IS 2 BP 231 EP 243 DI 10.1007/s11340-015-0092-3 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA DD8FA UT WOS:000370159600007 ER PT J AU Preston, DN Brown, GW Sandstrom, MM Pollard, CJ Warner, KF Remmers, DL Phillips, JJ Shelley, TJ Reyes, JA Hsu, PC Reynolds, JG AF Preston, Daniel N. Brown, Geoffrey W. Sandstrom, Mary M. Pollard, Colin J. Warner, Kirstin F. Remmers, Daniel L. Phillips, Jason J. Shelley, Timothy J. Reyes, Jose A. Hsu, Peter C. Reynolds, John G. TI Small-Scale Safety Testing of Ammonium Nitrate and Mixtures SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE Safety testing; Ammonium nitrate; Gunpowder; Impact sensitivity; Ammonium nitrate mixtures AB Ammonium nitrate (AN), gunpowder (GP), and an ammonium nitrate gunpowder mixture (AN/GP) were studied for impact sensitivity by four laboratories using the drop hammer apparatus. Bruceton and Neyer methods were used as experimental protocols and for data reduction. The results are presented as 50% probability of reaction (DH50). For AN, the DH50 values are widely varied among the participants, from sensitive to completely insensitive (limit of the equipment), with no real correlation among results. GP and the AN/GP mixture exhibited much more sensitivity overall and were in some cases within statistical values extrapolated from previous studies of RDX. The variability in results for the AN data is attributed to the difficulty in determining a positive reaction event for AN, as detailed by Neyer experiments and photography during positive reactions. Variability in results for the GP and AN/GP mixtures is attributed to equipment environment and detection criteria. This work was performed by the Integrated Data Collection Analysis (IDCA) program, a multi-laboratory effort to standardize safety testing of improvised or homemade explosives funded by the Department of Homeland Security. C1 [Preston, Daniel N.; Brown, Geoffrey W.; Sandstrom, Mary M.; Pollard, Colin J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Warner, Kirstin F.; Remmers, Daniel L.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD USA. [Phillips, Jason J.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Shelley, Timothy J.] Bur Alcohol Tobacco Firearms & Explos, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. [Reyes, Jose A.] Appl Res Associates AFRL, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. [Hsu, Peter C.; Reynolds, John G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Reynolds, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM reynolds3@llnl.gov FU Los Alamos National Laboratory; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Sandia National Laboratories; Air Force Research Laboratory; Indian Head Division; Naval Surface Warfare under of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Explosives Division; Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Air Force Research Laboratory and Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare [HSHQDC10X00414. LLNL-JRNL-669221 (791018)] FX The authors thank Doug Bauer, Laura J. Parker and Greg Struba for their enthusiastic support. This work was performed by the Integrated Data Collection Analysis (IDCA) Program, a five-lab effort supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, the Air Force Research Laboratory, and Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare under sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Explosives Division. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The Air Force Research Laboratory and Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare also performed work in support of this effort under contract HSHQDC10X00414. LLNL-JRNL-669221 (791018). NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 EI 1521-4087 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 41 IS 1 BP 9 EP 13 DI 10.1002/prep.201500124 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA DE0RZ UT WOS:000370333300002 ER PT J AU Sandstrom, MM Brown, GW Warner, KF Sorensen, DN Phillips, JJ Shelley, TJ Reyes, JA Hsu, PC Reynolds, JG AF Sandstrom, Mary M. Brown, Geoffrey W. Warner, Kirstin F. Sorensen, Daniel N. Phillips, Jason J. Shelley, Timothy J. Reyes, Jose A. Hsu, Peter C. Reynolds, John G. TI Small-Scale Thermal Studies of Volatile Homemade Explosives SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE Small-scale safety testing; Thermal screening; Differential scanning calorimetry; Homemade explosives; HME; Round-robin test; Proficiency test ID AMMONIUM-NITRATE; POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE; STABILITY; DSC AB Several homemade or improvised explosive mixtures that either contained volatile components or produced volatile products were examined using standard small-scale safety and thermal (SSST) testing that employed differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques (constant heating rate and standard sample holders). KClO3 and KClO4 mixtures with dodecane exhibited different enthalpy behavior when using a vented sample holder in contrast to a sealed sample holder. The standard configuration produced profiles that exhibited only endothermic transitions. The sealed system produced profiles that exhibited additional exothermic transitions absent in the standard configuration produced profiles. When H2O2/fuel mixtures were examined, the volatilization of the peroxide (endothermic) dominated the profiles. When a sealed sample holder was used, the energetic releases of the mixture could be clearly observed. For AN and AN mixtures, the high temperature decomposition appears as an intense endothermic event. Using a nominally sealed sample holder also did not adequately contain the system. Only when a high-pressure rated sample holder was used the high temperature decomposition of the AN could be detected as an exothermic release. The testing was conducted during a proficiency (or round-robin type) test that included three U.S. Department of Energy and two U.S. Department of Defense laboratories. In the course of this proficiency test, certain HMEs exhibited thermal behavior that was not adequately accounted for by standard techniques. Further examination of this atypical behavior highlighted issues that may have not been recognized previously because some of these materials are not routinely tested. More importantly, if not recognized, the SSST testing results could lead to inaccurate safety assessments. This study provides examples, where standard techniques can be applied, and results can be obtained, but these results may be misleading in establishing thermal properties. C1 [Sandstrom, Mary M.; Brown, Geoffrey W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Warner, Kirstin F.; Sorensen, Daniel N.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD USA. [Phillips, Jason J.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Shelley, Timothy J.] Bur Alcohol Tobacco Firearms & Explos, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. [Reyes, Jose A.] Appl Res Associates, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. [Hsu, Peter C.; Reynolds, John G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Reynolds, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM reynolds3@llnl.gov FU Los Alamos National Laboratory; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Sandia National Laboratories; Air Force Research Laboratory; Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare under sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Explosives Division; Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Air Force Research Laboratory and Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare [HSHQDC10X00414. LLNL-JRNL-669352 (791244)] FX The authors thank Doug Bauer, Laura J. Parker, and Greg Struba for their enthusiastic support. This work was performed by the Integrated Data Collection Analysis (IDCA) Program, a five-lab effort supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, the Air Force Research Laboratory, and Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare under sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Explosives Division. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The Air Force Research Laboratory and Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare also performed work in support of this effort under contract HSHQDC10X00414. LLNL-JRNL-669352 (791244). NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 EI 1521-4087 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 41 IS 1 BP 14 EP 19 DI 10.1002/prep.201500210 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA DE0RZ UT WOS:000370333300003 ER PT J AU Rando, J Szari, S Kumar, G Lingadevaru, H AF Rando, Jessica Szari, Sofia Kumar, Gogi Lingadevaru, Hemanth TI Methadone overdose causing acute cerebellitis and multi-organ damage SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ENCEPHALOPATHY AB Methadone is a synthetic opioid that, when taken in supratherapeutic amounts or with accidental ingestion in children, has shown to have adverse effects, especially to the cerebellum [1-5]. Our patientwas a 14-year-old male adolescent with no significant past medical history, who presented after being found unresponsive at a friend's house. Laboratory and imaging investigation revealed acute cardiac damage, acute renal injury, acute liver damage, and cerebellitis. Later, through specialized testing, it was discovered that patient had high levels of methadone in his serum. Many patients present to the emergency department with altered mental status or unresponsiveness. One etiology to consider should be methadone overdose, especially in patients with access to such medication. Methadone overdose has been known to cause cerebellitis when taken in supratherapeutic amounts [1-5]. It is important to consider this when a patient presents with unresponsiveness if they have had methadone available to them as it requires specialized testing and does not result on standard urine drug screens. Furthermore, prompt management is very critical and may help prevent and decrease long term morbidity and mortality in such patients. C1 [Rando, Jessica] Wright State Univ, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Szari, Sofia; Kumar, Gogi; Lingadevaru, Hemanth] Dayton Childrens Hosp, 1 Childrens Plz, Dayton, OH USA. [Szari, Sofia] US Air Force, 1 Wright Patterson Afb A271, Dayton, OH USA. RP Rando, J (reprint author), 3525 Southern Blvd, Kettering, OH 45429 USA. EM Jessica.rando718@gmail.com; sofia.szari@gmail.com; kumarg@childrensdayton.org; lingadevaruh@childrensdayton.org NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0735-6757 EI 1532-8171 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 34 IS 2 AR 343.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.06.032 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA DD1SE UT WOS:000369701200074 PM 26164407 ER PT J AU Boakye, EE Mogilevsky, P Parthasarathy, TA Keller, KA Hay, RS Cinibulk, MK AF Boakye, Emmanuel E. Mogilevsky, Pavel Parthasarathy, Triplicane A. Keller, Kristin A. Hay, Randall S. Cinibulk, Michael K. TI Processing and Testing of RE2Si2O7 Fiber-Matrix Interphases for SiC-SiC Composites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE STABILITY; MONAZITE MONOCLINIC LAPO4; GLASS-CERAMIC COMPOSITES; SILICON-CARBIDE; YTTRIUM DISILICATE; PUSH-OUT; TRANSFORMATION PLASTICITY; OXIDE/OXIDE COMPOSITES; INTERFACIAL ROUGHNESS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AB Rare-earth disilicates (RE2Si2O7) are investigated for use as oxidation-resistant alternatives to carbon or BN fiber-matrix interphases in ceramic matrix composites (CMC). Dense , , -Y2Si2O7, and -Ho2Si2O7 pellets were formed at 64MPa and 1050 degrees C-1200 degrees C for 1h using the field-assisted sintering technique (FAST). Pellet modulus was measured using nanoindentation, and Vickers hardness was measured at loads of 100, 500, and 1000g. The sliding stress of SCS-0 SiC fibers incorporated in -, -, and -RE2Si2O7 matrices were measured by fiber push-out. Deformation of RE2Si2O7 after indentation and after fiber push-out was characterized by TEM. Implications of the results for use of RE2Si2O7 as a fiber-matrix interphase in CMCs are discussed. C1 [Boakye, Emmanuel E.; Mogilevsky, Pavel; Parthasarathy, Triplicane A.; Keller, Kristin A.; Hay, Randall S.; Cinibulk, Michael K.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Boakye, Emmanuel E.; Mogilevsky, Pavel; Parthasarathy, Triplicane A.; Keller, Kristin A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Boakye, EE (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA.; Boakye, EE (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. EM emmanuel.boakye@wpafb.af.mil FU AF [FA8650-10-D-5226] FX This work was completed under AF Contract #FA8650-10-D-5226. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 99 IS 2 BP 415 EP 423 DI 10.1111/jace.13935 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA DD3QC UT WOS:000369836600009 ER PT J AU Johnson, L Shipherd, J Walton, HM AF Johnson, Laura Shipherd, Jillian Walton, Heather M. TI The Psychologist's Role in Transgender-Specific Care With US Veterans SO PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES LA English DT Article DE transgender; veteran; military; psychology; LOGT ID MINORITY VETERANS; MENTAL-HEALTH; PROVIDERS; STRESS AB Psychologists are integral to the care of transgender individuals. This article details the many roles for psychologists in transgender-specific care, including diagnosing and treating gender dysphoria; providing treatment for comorbid conditions; referring to medical services such as gender confirmation surgeries, voice modification, and cross-sex hormone therapies; serving as consultants within health care systems; and advocating for addressing harriers in systems in which transgender individuals live and work. Transgender veterans have unique experiences and vulnerabilities related to their military service that are detailed from a review of the literature, and we make the case that Veterans Health Administration (VITA) and community psychologists are well-positioned to provide care to transgender veterans (trans-vets). In this article, the authors describe the experiences that many trans-vets have faced, identify the importance of treatment for gender dysphoria (and draw the distinction between gender identity disorder and gender dysphoria) as well as psychologists' roles, and clarify which transgender-related services are available to eligible veterans though VHA per policy and how VHA providers have access to training to provide that care. In addition, we describe how veterans can connect to the VITA, even if they have (and want to continue working with) non-VITA psychologists or other community providers. C1 [Johnson, Laura] Edith Nourse Rogers Mem Vet Hosp, Psychol Serv, Bedford, MA USA. [Shipherd, Jillian] Natl Ctr PTSD, Womens Hlth Sci Div, Boston, MA USA. [Shipherd, Jillian] Vet Affairs Boston Healthcare Syst, Boston, MA USA. [Shipherd, Jillian] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Shipherd, Jillian] Vet Affairs Cent Off, Patient Care Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Walton, Heather M.] Vet Affairs Boston Healthcare Syst, Psychol Serv, Brockton, MA USA. [Walton, Heather M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Johnson, L (reprint author), USAF, 60 MDOS SGOW, Fairfield, CA 94535 USA. EM laura.johnson9@va.gov FU Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration FX The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs, U.S. Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. government. This material is based on work supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1541-1559 EI 1939-148X J9 PSYCHOL SERV JI Psychol. Serv. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 13 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1037/ser0000030 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA DD0FJ UT WOS:000369595500010 PM 25961643 ER PT J AU Gordon, MC McKenna, DS Stewart, TL Howard, BC Foster, KF Higby, K Cypher, RL Barth, WH AF Gordon, Michael C. McKenna, David S. Stewart, Theresa L. Howard, Bobby C. Foster, Kimberly F. Higby, Kenneth Cypher, Rebecca L. Barth, William H. TI Transvaginal cervical length scans to prevent prematurity in twins: a randomized controlled trial SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prematurity prevention; transvaginal cervical length; twins ID PRETERM BIRTH; GESTATIONS; PREDICTION; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; PROGESTERONE; METAANALYSIS; PREGNANCIES; CERCLAGE; WOMEN; RISK AB BACKGROUND: Twin pregnancies are associated with an increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality primarily due to spontaneous preterm deliveries. The mean gestational age for delivery is 35.3 weeks and twins account for 23% of preterm births < 32 weeks. A number of strategies have been proposed to prevent preterm deliveries: tocolytics, bed rest, hospitalization, home uterine activity monitoring, cerclage, and most recently, progesterone. Unfortunately, none have proven effective. Recent metaanalyses and reviews suggest that transvaginal cervical length (TVCL) ultrasound in the second trimester is a powerful predictor of preterm birth among asymptomatic women. Indeed, TVCL has the highest positive and negative predictive values for determining the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery in twin pregnancies. It follows that TVCL assessment may allow identification of a subset of twin pregnancies that re better candidates for interventions intended to prevent prematurity. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether use of TVCL prolongs gestation in twin pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN: This is a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of 125 dichorionic or monochorionic/diamniotic twin pregnancies without prior preterm birth < 28 weeks. The study group (n = 63) had TVCL and digital exams monthly from 16-28 weeks and were managed with a standard algorithm for activity restriction and cerclage. The control group (n = 62) had monthly digital cervical examinations but no routine TVCL ultrasound examinations. The primary outcome was gestational age at delivery. Secondary outcomes included percentage of deliveries < 35 weeks, and maternal and neonatal outcomes. RESULTS: The mean gestational age at delivery was 35.7 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI], 35.2-36.2) among those managed with TVCL and 35.5 weeks (95% CI, 34.7-36.4) among the control patients. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of deliveries < 38 weeks were not significantly different between groups. This was true whether we compared curves with a log-rank test (P =.67), Breslow test (P =.67), or Tarone-Ware test (P =.64). The percentage of deliveries < 35 0/7 weeks did not differ: 27.4% for subjects managed with routine TVCL and 28.6% for control subjects (relative risk, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.60-1.54). Our study had an 80% power to detect a 12-day difference in the gestational age at delivery with 95% confidence. CONCLUSION: The overall mean length of gestation and the percentage of women delivering < 35 weeks did not differ between twin gestations managed with TVCL and digital exams monthly from 16-28 weeks with a standard algorithm for activity restriction and cerclage and controls who had monthly digital cervical examinations but no routine TVCL. Routine second-trimester transvaginal ultrasound assessment of cervical length is not associated with improved outcomes when incorporated into the standard management of otherwise low-risk twin pregnancies. C1 [Gordon, Michael C.; Stewart, Theresa L.; Cypher, Rebecca L.; Barth, William H.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [McKenna, David S.; Foster, Kimberly F.] Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [McKenna, David S.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Howard, Bobby C.] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. [Howard, Bobby C.] Univ Tennessee, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Knoxville, TN USA. [Higby, Kenneth] Ctr Maternal Fetal Care, San Antonio, TX USA. [Barth, William H.] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol,Div Maternal Fetal Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Gordon, MC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. EM packergord@aol.com NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 EI 1097-6868 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 214 IS 2 AR 277.e1-e7 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.08.065 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA DC9CJ UT WOS:000369518200026 PM 26363481 ER PT J AU Paine, BM Rust, T Moore, EA AF Paine, Bruce M. Rust, Thomas, III Moore, Elizabeth A. TI Measurement of Temperature in GaN HEMTs by Gate End-to-End Resistance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Characterization; finite-difference model; GaN; gate metal thermometry; HEMT; Raman spectrometry; simulation; temperature measurement; thermal resistance ID THERMAL-BOUNDARY RESISTANCE; RAMAN-SCATTERING; ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; SUBSTRATE; DEVICES; FILMS; BIAS AB We have used the gate end-to-end (GEE) resistance method to measure channel temperatures in GaN HEMTs. This method is appealing for its simplicity and sensitivity to temperature immediately adjacent to the base of the gate, where several important degradation mechanisms occur. This region is not normally accessible with optical measurement techniques, due to shadowing by the gate and field plate overhangs; yet, it is considerably hotter than the regions that can be reached with optics. We found agreement with a finite-difference model, with reasonable inputs for the thermal barrier resistance at the SiC-GaN interface and temperature coefficients. We repeated this successfully for a second GaN HEMT technology with a very different gate geometry. Finally, we conducted micro-Raman measurements on FETs from the first technology and found excellent agreement with the GEE measurement, once it had been adapted to the more-distant location of the micro-Raman laser spot, by means of our finite-difference model. We conclude that GEE is a valuable tool, complementary to micro-Raman, for calibrating thermal models. C1 [Paine, Bruce M.] Boeing Network & Space Syst, Technol Qualificat Grp, El Segundo, CA 90045 USA. [Rust, Thomas, III] Boeing Network & Space Syst, Thermal Engn & Prod, El Segundo, CA 90045 USA. [Moore, Elizabeth A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wyle Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Paine, BM (reprint author), Boeing Network & Space Syst, Technol Qualificat Grp, El Segundo, CA 90045 USA.; Rust, T (reprint author), Boeing Network & Space Syst, Thermal Engn & Prod, El Segundo, CA 90045 USA.; Moore, EA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wyle Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bruce.paine@boeing.com; thomas.rust-iii@boeing.com; elizabeth.moore.ctr@wpafb.af.mil OI Paine, Bruce/0000-0002-9419-7371 FU Technology Investigation Agreement between Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-11-2-1187]; Boeing Network and Space Systems Internal Research and Development Program FX This work was supported in part by the Technology Investigation Agreement between Air Force Research Laboratory (Lois Kehias) under Grant FA8650-11-2-1187 and in part by the Boeing Network and Space Systems Internal Research and Development Program (Remy Hiramoto). The review of this paper was arranged by Editor K. J. Chen. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD FEB PY 2016 VL 63 IS 2 BP 590 EP 597 DI 10.1109/TED.2015.2510610 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA DC6BM UT WOS:000369304700010 ER PT J AU Wurden, GA Hsu, SC Intrator, TP Grabowski, TC Degnan, JH Domonkos, M Turchi, PJ Campbell, EM Sinars, DB Herrmann, MC Betti, R Bauer, BS Lindemuth, IR Siemon, RE Miller, RL Laberge, M Delage, M AF Wurden, G. A. Hsu, S. C. Intrator, T. P. Grabowski, T. C. Degnan, J. H. Domonkos, M. Turchi, P. J. Campbell, E. M. Sinars, D. B. Herrmann, M. C. Betti, R. Bauer, B. S. Lindemuth, I. R. Siemon, R. E. Miller, R. L. Laberge, M. Delage, M. TI Magneto-Inertial Fusion SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Magneto-inertial fusion; Magnetized target fusion; Liner; Plasma jets; Fusion energy; MagLIF ID FIELD-REVERSED CONFIGURATION; TARGET FUSION; PARAMETER SPACE; PLASMA; COMPRESSION AB In this community white paper, we describe an approach to achieving fusion which employs a hybrid of elements from the traditional magnetic and inertial fusion concepts, called magneto-inertial fusion (MIF). The status of MIF research in North America at multiple institutions is summarized including recent progress, research opportunities, and future plans. C1 [Wurden, G. A.; Hsu, S. C.; Intrator, T. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Grabowski, T. C.; Degnan, J. H.; Domonkos, M.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Campbell, E. M.; Sinars, D. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Herrmann, M. C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Betti, R.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. [Bauer, B. S.; Lindemuth, I. R.; Siemon, R. E.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Miller, R. L.] Decys Syst, Santa Fe, NM USA. [Laberge, M.; Delage, M.] Gen Fus, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Wurden, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM wurden@lanl.gov RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017; OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484; Hsu, Scott/0000-0002-6737-4934 NR 43 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 12 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 EI 1572-9591 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD FEB PY 2016 VL 35 IS 1 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1007/s10894-015-0038-x PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA DC9MX UT WOS:000369546800009 ER PT J AU Bova, MJ Ciarallo, FW Hill, RR AF Bova, M. J. Ciarallo, F. W. Hill, R. R. TI Development of an agent-based model for the secondary threat resulting from a ballistic impact event SO JOURNAL OF SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE defence studies; agent-based modelling; ballistic impacts; survivability ID FRAGMENTATION; PLATES; PROJECTILES; DEBRIS AB Military aircraft must often operate in hostile environments. A worrisome threat to aircraft are the high velocity fragments emanating from missile detonations near the aircraft. These fragments may impact and penetrate the aircraft, causing fires in the aircraft. The process by which a high-velocity impact event leads to fire ignition onboard military vehicles is complex, influenced by the interaction of heated debris fragments and fuel spurting from ruptured tanks. An assessment of the risk of such a fire begins with a complete characterization of the secondary threat resulting from the impact, including debris fragment sizes, states of motion, and thermal properties. In the aircraft survivability community, there is a need for an analytical tool to model this complete threat. This paper approaches the problem by describing an agent-based simulation model of the fragments in a debris cloud. An analytical/empirical impact fragmentation model is developed for incorporation into the simulation model, which determines fragment sizes and states of motion. Development and study of this proof-of-concept effort leads to a deeper understanding of such secondary threats and demonstrates the value of agent-based simulation models as an analytical tool. Empirical assessment of model results indicates the viability of the approach. C1 [Bova, M. J.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Ciarallo, F. W.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Hill, R. R.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hill, RR (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rayrhill@gmail.com FU Southwestern Council for Higher Education (SOCHE); Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE); Science of Test Research Consortium within the Air Force Institute of Technology, Center for Operational Analyses FX Matthew Bova was supported by the Southwestern Council for Higher Education (SOCHE) and Dr Frank Ciarallo by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE). The research was funded under the Science of Test Research Consortium within the Air Force Institute of Technology, Center for Operational Analyses. The authors would like to thank Mr Scott Wacker and the US Air Force Aerospace Survivability and Safety Operating Location (96 TG/OL-AC) at Wright Patterson Air Force Base for providing the experimental data used in model development and the required subject matter expertise. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU PALGRAVE MACMILLAN LTD PI BASINGSTOKE PA BRUNEL RD BLDG, HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1747-7778 EI 1747-7786 J9 J SIMUL JI J. Simul. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 10 IS 1 BP 24 EP 35 DI 10.1057/jos.2015.1 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA DC4NV UT WOS:000369198500004 ER PT J AU Zelmon, DE Erdman, EC Stevens, KT Foundos, G Kim, JR Brady, A AF Zelmon, David E. Erdman, Emily C. Stevens, Kevin T. Foundos, Greg Kim, Joo Ro Brady, Allen TI Optical properties of lithium terbium fluoride and implications for performance in high power lasers SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FARADAY ISOLATORS; TEMPERATURE; WAVELENGTH; CRYSTALS AB LiTbF4 has the potential to replace traditional magneto-optic garnet materials as a Faraday rotator in high power laser systems due to its high Verdet constant. New measurements are reported of the ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices of LiTbF4 as functions of wavelength and temperature, respectively, as well as their corresponding Sellmeier expressions. Consequently, the Verdet coefficient was calculated and plotted as a function of wavelength and temperature. These measurements will aid in further development of LiTbF4 as an optical isolator. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Zelmon, David E.; Erdman, Emily C.] AFRL RXAP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stevens, Kevin T.; Foundos, Greg; Kim, Joo Ro; Brady, Allen] Northrop Grumman Synopt, 1201 Continental Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28273 USA. RP Zelmon, DE (reprint author), AFRL RXAP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.zelmon@us.af.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 55 IS 4 BP 834 EP 837 DI 10.1364/AO.55.000834 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA DC2PN UT WOS:000369058700027 PM 26836088 ER PT J AU Camden, A Phillips, C McKinley, RA Kender, D Nelson, J AF Camden, Aerial Phillips, Chandler McKinley, R. Andy Kender, David Nelson, Justin TI Strategy Shifting With Multisensorial Cueing: Theoretical Capability of Multitasking Throughput SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON HUMAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Auditory cueing; haptic cueing; information theory; throughput capacity; multitasking ID PERFORMANCE; INFORMATION; DISPLAYS; CAPACITY; NUMBER; TASK AB Human multitasking performance is important in many areas, such as defense, medicine, and everyday life. However, multitasking can be difficult to research due to a lack of objective metrics. This gap is remedied by applying information theory-basedmodels to multitasking systems. The human operator informatic model is a throughput model that has been successfully applied to the multiple attribute task battery(MATB) software. In this study, auditory and haptic cueing were applied to the monitoring and targeting components of MATB, respectively. Interestingly, overall information throughput was not significantly affected by the cueing. These results can be traced to a mathematical change in operator strategy. In the presence of multisensory cueing, operators responded at higher information rates to the monitoring and targeting components; however, this came at a proportional cost to the communications and resource components. We propose that each operator has an information throughput capacity-an asymptotic limit to the amount of information he/she can process. This theoretical limit is analogous to the "channel capacity" for single tasking proposed by Miller in 1956. C1 [Camden, Aerial; Phillips, Chandler; Kender, David] Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [McKinley, R. Andy; Nelson, Justin] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Camden, A (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM camden.5@wright.edu; chandler.phillips@wright.edu; richard.mckinley.2@us.af.mil; david.kender@wright.edu; justin.nelson.15.ctr@us.af.mil NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2168-2291 EI 2168-2305 J9 IEEE T HUM-MACH SYST JI IEEE T. Hum.-Mach. Syst. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 46 IS 1 BP 136 EP 142 DI 10.1109/THMS.2015.2470679 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA DB9IK UT WOS:000368829400012 ER PT J AU Slagle, JE Haus, JW Guha, S McLean, DG Krein, DM Cooper, TM AF Slagle, Jonathan E. Haus, Joseph W. Guha, Shekhar McLean, Daniel G. Krein, Douglas M. Cooper, Thomas M. TI Degenerate frequency two-beam coupling in organic media via phase modulation with nanosecond pulses SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR REFRACTION; ENERGY-TRANSFER; KERR MEDIA; ABSORPTION; CHROMOPHORES; MODEL; BEAM AB This work presents a theoretical treatment using population redistribution and the thermo-optic effect to mediate degenerate frequency two-beam coupling (TBC) in the nanosecond regime in third-order nonlinear organic solutions. We show experimentally that the energy transfer is indeed a result of TBC and can be modeled using self-and cross-phase modulation to produce the required frequency shift. As a result of the relatively long lifetimes and large phase shifts induced by population redistribution and thermo-optic effects, the coupling efficiency can be significant. For the special case when a single input beam is aligned to overlap with the Fresnel reflection of the sample/air interface, coupling efficiencies can easily exceed 50% of the incident pump energy, which can account for a severe deleterious effect in nonlinear transmission experimentation. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Slagle, Jonathan E.; Guha, Shekhar; McLean, Daniel G.; Krein, Douglas M.; Cooper, Thomas M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Slagle, Jonathan E.; McLean, Daniel G.] Leidos Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Haus, Joseph W.] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Krein, Douglas M.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Slagle, JE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Slagle, JE (reprint author), Leidos Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. EM jonathan.slagle.1.ctr@us.af.mil NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 33 IS 2 BP 180 EP 188 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.33.000180 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA DC3DK UT WOS:000369099300020 ER PT J AU Wong, PH Adams, KE Carlson, GS Quinn, JM AF Wong, Priscilla H. Adams, Karla E. Carlson, Geoffrey S. Quinn, James M. TI Experience with epinephrine delivery in immunotherapy-associated systemic reactions SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ALLERGEN IMMUNOTHERAPY; ANAPHYLAXIS; ABSORPTION C1 [Wong, Priscilla H.; Carlson, Geoffrey S.; Quinn, James M.] Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Adams, Karla E.] Mike OCallaghan Fed Med Ctr, Nellis AFB, NV USA. RP Wong, PH (reprint author), Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. EM priscilla.wong@us.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 EI 1534-4436 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 116 IS 2 BP 166 EP 168 PG 4 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA DB5SD UT WOS:000368573000017 PM 26712521 ER PT J AU Scott-Emuakpor, O Holycross, C George, T Knapp, K Beck, J AF Scott-Emuakpor, Onome Holycross, Casey George, Tommy Knapp, Kevin Beck, Joseph TI Fatigue and Strength Studies of Titanium 6Al-4V Fabricated by Direct Metal Laser Sintering SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Vibratory bending fatigue behavior of titanium 6Al-4V plate specimens manufactured via direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (AM), is assessed. Motivation for the work is based on unprecedented performance demands for sixth-generation gas turbine engine technology that requires complex, lightweight components. Due to cost, schedule, and feasibility limitations associated with conventional manufacturing, AM aims to address ubiquitous component concepts. Though AM has promise in the engine community, process controls necessary for consistent material properties remain an enigma. The following manuscript compares variability of DMLS fatigue and strength to cold-rolled data. Results show discrepancies between DMLS and cold-rolled for fatigue and microstructure characteristics. C1 [Scott-Emuakpor, Onome; Holycross, Casey; George, Tommy; Knapp, Kevin] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Beck, Joseph] Percept Engn Analyt, Lino Lakes, MN 55014 USA. RP Scott-Emuakpor, O (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM onome.scott-emuakpor.1@us.af.mil; casey.holycross@us.af.mil; tommy.george@us.af.mil; kevin.knapp.3@us.af.mil; joe_a_beck@yahoo.com FU Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility (TEFF) of the United States Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Universal Technology Corporation (UTC) FX The authors would like to thank the following organizations for funding, support, and collaboration: the Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility (TEFF) of the United States Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and Universal Technology Corporation (UTC). Also, the authors would like to acknowledge UTC contractor Sarah Cetnar for contributing to laboratory testing. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 EI 1528-8919 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2016 VL 138 IS 2 AR 022101 DI 10.1115/1.4031271 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA EM5UJ UT WOS:000395378900014 ER PT J AU Heimbuch, BK Wallace, WH Balzli, CL Laning, ML Harnish, DA Wander, JD AF Heimbuch, Brian K. Wallace, William H. Balzli, Charles L. Laning, Michelle L. Harnish, Delbert A. Wander, Joseph D. TI Bioaerosol exposure to personnel in a clinical environment absent patients SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE Antibiotic resistance; background; hospital; infection; nosocomial; N95 respirator ID FILTERING FACEPIECE RESPIRATORS; INFECTION; AIR; STAPHYLOCOCCI; CONTAMINATION; DISPERSAL; BACTERIA; AEROSOLS AB Nosocomial infections pose a significant and escalating threat to both patients and healthcare workers (HCWs). By their nature, hospitals induce antibiotic resistance in virulent and commensal strains, leading to increasingly severe hospital-acquired infections. This study measured environmental exposure experienced by domestic staff cleaning vacated patient rooms of a community hospital to bacteria in ambient bioaerosols. While they cleaned the room, participants wore an N95 filtering facepiece respirator (FFR), from which coupons were cut and bacteria were extracted, cultured and enumerated. Extrapolation to the full area of the respirator yielded measured exposures of 0.2-1.4 x 10(4) colony-forming units/ hour, of which similar to 97% collected on the front layer of the N95, suggesting a possible role for minimal respiratory protection in nonpatient environments. Random resistance testing of 1.6% of the isolates showed that similar to 70% of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms exhibited resistance to oxacillin and similar to 9% of the Gram-positives displayed resistance to vancomycin. These data provide an estimate formask bioaerosol loading that can be used in risk modeling and to refine strategies for reuse of FFRs during critical shortages. C1 [Heimbuch, Brian K.; Wallace, William H.; Harnish, Delbert A.] Appl Res Associates, Engn Sci Div, Panama City, FL USA. [Balzli, Charles L.] Universal Technol Corp, Mat & Mfg Div, Dayton, OH USA. [Laning, Michelle L.] Air Force Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. [Wander, Joseph D.] Air Force Civil Engineer Ctr, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. RP Wander, JD (reprint author), Air Force Civil Engineer Ctr Readiness, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM joseph.wander@us.af.mil FU FDA, Centers for Devices and Radiologic Health; Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was funded by the FDA, Centers for Devices and Radiologic Health, through an interagency agreement with the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 EI 1545-9632 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD FEB 1 PY 2016 VL 13 IS 2 BP D11 EP D15 DI 10.1080/15459624.2015.1091966 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA DA3NJ UT WOS:000367704100001 PM 26375496 ER PT J AU Holston, MS Ferguson, IP Giles, NC McClory, JW Winarski, DJ Ji, JF Selim, FA Halliburton, LE AF Holston, M. S. Ferguson, I. P. Giles, N. C. McClory, J. W. Winarski, D. J. Ji, Jianfeng Selim, F. A. Halliburton, L. E. TI Green luminescence from Cu-diffused LiGaO2 crystals SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE LiGaO2 copper; Photoluminescence; Optical absorption; Thermoluminescence; EPR ID SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; LIALO2 CRYSTALS; DEFECTS; GROWTH; THERMOLUMINESCENCE; IDENTIFICATION; RESONANCE; FILMS; OXIDE; ZNO AB An intense green luminescence is observed from single crystals of LiGaO2 doped with copper. Czochralskigrown undoped crystals are wrapped in thin copper foil and then held at 900 degrees C for 1 h in a flowing nitrogen atmosphere. Large concentrations of Cu+ ions enter the crystals during this process and occupy Li+ sites. These copper-diffused crystals are characterized with optical absorption, photoluminescence (PL), photoluminescence excitation (PLE), thermoluminescence (TL), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). An optical absorption band peaking near 350 nm is assigned to the Cu+ ions at Li+ sites and represents an excitation from a 3d(10) ground state to a 3d(9)4s(1) excited state. A broad PL emission from these excited Cu+ ions has a peak near 523 nm and the related PLE band has a peak near 356 nm (this PLE band links the emission to the optical absorption band). Illuminating a Cu-diffused crystal at room temperature with 325 urn laser light converts a portion of the Cu+ ions to Cu2+ ions. EPR spectra from these 3d(9) ions are easily seen at low temperatures and their angular dependence is used to determine the g matrix and the Cu-63 hyperfine matrix. Subsequent heating produces a TL peak near 122 degrees C with a maximum in its spectral dependence near 535 nm. Correlated EPR measurements show that this TL peak occurs when trapped electrons are thermally released from unintentionally present transition-metal ions (most likely Fe) and recombine with holes at the Cu2+ ions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Holston, M. S.; Ferguson, I. P.; Giles, N. C.; McClory, J. W.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Winarski, D. J.; Ji, Jianfeng; Selim, F. A.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [Halliburton, L. E.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Halliburton, LE (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM Larry.Halliburton@mail.wvu.edu RI Selim, Farida/N-8077-2016 FU Air Force Institute of Technology by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-07-1-0008, BRBAA08-I-2-0128] FX This work was supported at the Air Force Institute of Technology by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (Grants HDTRA1-07-1-0008 and BRBAA08-I-2-0128). The authors thank Michael Ranft and Greg Smith for assistance with sample preparation and optical measurements. Views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the United States Government. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 EI 1872-7883 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD FEB PY 2016 VL 170 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2015.10.010 PN 1 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA CX3NU UT WOS:000365606600003 ER PT J AU Orlandi, S Benini, E Miglioli, I Evans, DR Reshetnyak, V Zannoni, C AF Orlandi, Silvia Benini, Erika Miglioli, Isabella Evans, Dean R. Reshetnyak, Victor Zannoni, Claudio TI Doping liquid crystals with nanoparticles. A computer simulation of the effects of nanoparticle shape SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAY-BERNE MODEL; ELECTROOPTIC PROPERTIES; AEROSIL NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; ORDER-PARAMETER; PHASE-DIAGRAM; BEHAVIOR; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS; FLUID AB We have studied, using Monte Carlo computer simulations, the effects that nanoparticles of similar size and three different shapes (spherical, elongated and discotic) dispersed at different concentrations in a liquid crystal (LC), have on the transition temperature, order parameter and mobility of the suspension. We have modelled the nanoparticles as berry-like clusters of spherical Lennard-Jones sites and the NP with a Gay-Berne model. We find that the overall phase behaviour is not affected by the addition of small amounts (x(N) = 0.1-0.5%) of nanoparticles, with the lowest perturbation obtained with disc-like nanoparticles at the lowest concentration. We observe a general decrease of the clearing temperature and a reduction in the orientational order with a change in its temperature variation, particularly in the case of the x(N) = 0.5% dispersions and with a more pronounced effect when the nanoparticles are spherical. C1 [Orlandi, Silvia; Benini, Erika; Miglioli, Isabella; Zannoni, Claudio] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Chim Ind Toso Montanari, Viale Risorgimento 4, IT-40136 Bologna, Italy. [Orlandi, Silvia; Benini, Erika; Miglioli, Isabella; Zannoni, Claudio] Univ Bologna, INSTM, Viale Risorgimento 4, IT-40136 Bologna, Italy. [Evans, Dean R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Reshetnyak, Victor] Natl Taras Shevchenko Univ Kyiv, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Zannoni, C (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Chim Ind Toso Montanari, Viale Risorgimento 4, IT-40136 Bologna, Italy.; Zannoni, C (reprint author), Univ Bologna, INSTM, Viale Risorgimento 4, IT-40136 Bologna, Italy. EM dean.evans@us.af.mil; victor.reshetnyak@gmail.com; claudio.zannoni@unibo.it RI Reshetnyak, Victor/B-6722-2008; Zannoni, Claudio/E-3129-2010 OI Reshetnyak, Victor/0000-0003-0515-9814; Zannoni, Claudio/0000-0002-7977-1005 FU USAF - EOARD [FA8655-11-1-3046]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We are grateful for support from USAF - EOARD through grant FA8655-11-1-3046 and from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. We thank L. Muccioli and M. Ricci for useful discussions. NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 40 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2016 VL 18 IS 4 BP 2428 EP 2441 DI 10.1039/c5cp05754j PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA DC8YI UT WOS:000369506000019 PM 26700502 ER PT J AU Harris, JR Jensen, KL Shiffler, DA AF Harris, J. R. Jensen, K. L. Shiffler, D. A. TI Edge enhancement control in linear arrays of ungated field emitters SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VACUUM MICROELECTRONICS; EMISSION CATHODES; SURFACE FLASHOVER; CONES AB In arrays of ungated field emitters, the field enhancement factor of each emitter decreases as the distance between the emitters decreases, an effect known as screening. At the edge of these arrays, emitters experience reduced screening, leading to higher field enhancement factors than emitters at the array center, causing nonuniform emission across the array. Here, we consider this effect in linear arrays of ungated field emitters spaced at distances comparable to their heights, which is the regime that generally maximizes their average current density. A Line Charge Model is used to assess the degree to which these edge effects propagate into the array interior, and to study the impact of varying the height, location, and tip radius of emitters at the ends of an array on the edge enhancement. It is shown that each of these techniques can accomplish this edge enhancement control, but each has advantages and disadvantages that will be discussed. C1 [Harris, J. R.] US Navy Reserve, Navy Operat Support Ctr New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70143 USA. [Jensen, K. L.] Naval Res Lab, Code 6364, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Shiffler, D. A.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Harris, JR (reprint author), US Navy Reserve, Navy Operat Support Ctr New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70143 USA. OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 FU Office of Naval Research Reserve Component Joint ST Focus Area; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support they have received from the Office of Naval Research Reserve Component Joint S&T Focus Area (JRH) and from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (KLJ), without which this work would not have been possible. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2016 VL 119 IS 4 AR 043301 DI 10.1063/1.4940410 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DD4ME UT WOS:000369896300004 ER PT J AU Rasskazov, IL Karpov, SV Panasyuk, GY Markel, VA AF Rasskazov, Ilia L. Karpov, Sergei V. Panasyuk, George Y. Markel, Vadim A. TI Overcoming the adverse effects of substrate on the waveguiding properties of plasmonic nanoparticle chains SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LINEAR-CHAINS; DISPERSION-RELATIONS; ARRAYS; RESONANCES; GUIDES; NANOSPHERES; MODES; FIELD; POLARITONS; PARTICLES AB We have studied numerically the propagation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in linear periodic chains of plasmonic nanoparticles of different shapes. The chains are deposited on top of a thick dielectric substrate. While in many commonly considered cases the substrate tends to suppress the SPP propagation, we have found that this adverse effect is practically absent in the case when the nanoparticles have the shape of oblate spheroids with sufficiently small aspect ratio (e.g., nanodisks) whose axes of symmetry coincide with the axis of the chain. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Rasskazov, Ilia L.; Karpov, Sergei V.] Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia. [Karpov, Sergei V.] LV Kirenskii Inst Phys, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. [Karpov, Sergei V.] Siberian State Aerosp Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660014, Russia. [Panasyuk, George Y.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Markel, Vadim A.] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Cent Marseille, Inst Fresnel,UMR 7249, F-13013 Marseille, France. RP Markel, VA (reprint author), Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Cent Marseille, Inst Fresnel,UMR 7249, F-13013 Marseille, France. EM vmarkel@mail.med.upenn.edu RI Rasskazov, Ilia/H-7758-2016; Karpov, Sergei/J-3506-2016; Markel, Vadim/A-1029-2007 OI Rasskazov, Ilia/0000-0002-7956-1702; Karpov, Sergei/0000-0002-5170-1697; Markel, Vadim/0000-0002-9748-6865 FU A*MIDEX project - "Investissements d'Avenir" French Government program [ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02]; U.S. National Science Foundation [DMS1216970]; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [1792] FX This work has been carried out thanks to the support of the A*MIDEX project (No. ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02) funded by the "Investissements d'Avenir" French Government program, managed by the French National Research Agency (ANR) and was also supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMS1216970 and by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation under Contract No. 1792. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2016 VL 119 IS 4 AR 043101 DI 10.1063/1.4940415 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DD4ME UT WOS:000369896300001 ER PT J AU Sun, LM Huang, YJ Bian, ZH Petrosino, J Fan, Z Wang, YZ Park, KH Yue, T Schmidt, M Galster, S Ma, JJ Zhu, H Zhang, MJ AF Sun, Leming Huang, Yujian Bian, Zehua Petrosino, Jennifer Fan, Zhen Wang, Yongzhong Park, Ki Ho Yue, Tao Schmidt, Michael Galster, Scott Ma, Jianjie Zhu, Hua Zhang, Mingjun TI Sundew-Inspired Adhesive Hydrogels Combined with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Wound Healing SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE sundew adhesive; bioinspiration; adhesive hydrogels; ADSCs; wound healing ID IN-VITRO; DROSERA-CAPENSIS; CALCIUM; STIFFNESS; ALGINATE; NANOPARTICLES; KERATINOCYTES; DIFFERENTIATE; REGENERATION; DRESSINGS AB The potential to harness the unique physical, chemical, and biological properties of the sundew (Drosera) plant's adhesive hydrogels has long intrigued researchers searching for novel wound-healing applications. However, the ability to collect sufficient quantities of the sundew plant's adhesive hydrogels is problematic and has eclipsed their therapeutic promise. Inspired by these natural hydrogels, we asked if sundew-inspired adhesive hydrogels could overcome the drawbacks associated with natural sundew hydrogels and be used in combination with stem-cell-based therapy to enhance wound-healing therapeutics. Using a bioinspired approach, we synthesized adhesive hydrogels comprised of sodium alginate, gum arabic, and calcium ions to mimic the properties of the natural sundew-derived adhesive hydrogels. We then characterized and showed that these sundew-inspired hydrogels promote wound healing through their superior adhesive strength, nanostructure, and resistance to shearing when compared to other hydrogels in vitro. In vivo, sundew-inspired hydrogels promoted a "suturing" effect to wound sites, which was demonstrated by enhanced wound closure following topical application of the hydrogels. In combination with mouse adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) and compared to other therapeutic biomaterials, the sundew-inspired hydrogels demonstrated superior wound-healing capabilities. Collectively, our studies show that sundew-inspired hydrogels contain ideal properties that promote wound healing and suggest that sundew-inspired ADSCs combination therapy is an efficacious approach for treating wounds without eliciting noticeable toxicity or inflammation. C1 [Sun, Leming; Huang, Yujian; Fan, Zhen; Wang, Yongzhong; Yue, Tao; Schmidt, Michael; Zhang, Mingjun] Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Coll Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Sun, Leming; Huang, Yujian; Bian, Zehua; Fan, Zhen; Wang, Yongzhong; Park, Ki Ho; Yue, Tao; Ma, Jianjie; Zhu, Hua; Zhang, Mingjun] Ohio State Univ, Dorothy M Davis Heart & Lung Res Inst, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bian, Zehua; Park, Ki Ho; Ma, Jianjie; Zhu, Hua] Ohio State Univ, Dept Surg, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Petrosino, Jennifer] Ohio State Univ, Biomed Sci Grad Program, Coll Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Zhu, Hua; Zhang, Mingjun] Ohio State Univ, Interdisciplinary Biophys Grad Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Galster, Scott] Air Force Res Lab, Human Performance Wing 711, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhang, MJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Coll Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.; Zhu, H; Zhang, MJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dorothy M Davis Heart & Lung Res Inst, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.; Zhu, H (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Surg, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.; Zhu, H; Zhang, MJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Interdisciplinary Biophys Grad Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM Hua.Zhu@osumc.edu; zhang.4882@osu.edu RI Yue, Tao/N-7344-2014; Huang, Yujian/B-2085-2016 OI Yue, Tao/0000-0001-8321-1898; Huang, Yujian/0000-0001-8543-0269 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM068412] NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JAN 27 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 3 BP 2423 EP 2434 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b11811 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DC2JX UT WOS:000369044100103 PM 26731614 ER PT J AU Reshetnyak, VY Pinkevych, IP Sluckin, TJ Evans, DR AF Reshetnyak, V. Yu. Pinkevych, I. P. Sluckin, T. J. Evans, D. R. TI Cloaking by shells with radially inhomogeneous anisotropic permittivity SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORMATION OPTICS; LIGHT AB We model electromagnetic cloaking of a spherical or cylindrical nanoparticle enclosed by an optically anisotropic and optically inhomogeneous symmetric shell, by examining its electric response in a quasi-static uniform electric field. When the components of the shell permittivity are radially anisotropic and power-law dependent (epsilon similar to r(m)) where r is distance to the shell center, and m a positive or negative exponent which can be varied), the problem is analytically tractable. Formulas are calculated for the degree of cloaking in the general case, allowing the determination of a dielectric condition for the shells to be used as an invisibility cloak. Ideal cloaking is known to require that homogeneous shells exhibit an infinite ratio of tangential and radial components of the shell permittivity, but for radially inhomogeneous shells ideal cloaking can occur even for finite values of this ratio. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Reshetnyak, V. Yu.; Pinkevych, I. P.] Taras Shevchenko Natl Univ Kyiv, Fac Phys, 64 Volodymyrska St, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. [Sluckin, T. J.] Univ Southampton, Div Math Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Evans, D. R.] Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sluckin, TJ (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Div Math Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM t.j.sluckin@soton.ac.uk RI Reshetnyak, Victor/B-6722-2008 OI Reshetnyak, Victor/0000-0003-0515-9814 FU EOARD [118007]; hospitality of the University of Southampton; Centro de Investigacion en Quimica Aplicada, Mexico; Augustine Urbas (AFRL, USA) FX We acknowledge financial support from EOARD (grant 118007 to VYR and IPP), the hospitality of the University of Southampton (VYR), and useful discussions with Dr. Ron Ziolo (Centro de Investigacion en Quimica Aplicada, Mexico), as well as with Drs. Sergey Basun and Augustine Urbas (AFRL, USA). NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 25 PY 2016 VL 24 IS 2 BP A21 EP A32 DI 10.1364/OE.24.000A21 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA DC2SJ UT WOS:000369066300002 PM 26832575 ER PT J AU Huang, CYY Huang, Y Su, YJ Sutton, EK Hairston, MR Coley, WR AF Huang, Cheryl Yu-Ying Huang, Yanshi Su, Yi-Jiun Sutton, Eric K. Hairston, Marc Rotan Coley, William Robin TI Ionosphere-thermosphere (IT) response to solar wind forcing during magnetic storms SO JOURNAL OF SPACE WEATHER AND SPACE CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; Thermosphere; Solar wind; Polar cap; Energy distribution ID PROTON PRECIPITATION; EMPIRICAL-MODEL; ART.; SATELLITE; ELECTRON; CHAMP; MAGNETOSPHERE; CONDUCTIVITY; IONIZATION; ATMOSPHERE AB During magnetic storms, there is a strong response in the ionosphere and thermosphere which occurs at polar latitudes. Energy input in the form of Poynting flux and energetic particle precipitation, and energy output in the form of heated ions and neutrals have been detected at different altitudes and all local times. We have analyzed a number of storms, using satellite data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE), and Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) mission. Poynting flux measured by instruments on four DMSP spacecraft during storms which occurred in 2011-2012 was observed in both hemispheres to peak at both auroral and polar latitudes. By contrast, the measured ion temperatures at DMSP and maxima in neutral density at GOCE and GRACE altitudes maximize in the polar region most frequently with little evidence of Joule heating at auroral latitudes at these spacecraft orbital locations. C1 [Huang, Cheryl Yu-Ying; Su, Yi-Jiun; Sutton, Eric K.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Huang, Yanshi] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hairston, Marc Rotan; Coley, William Robin] Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. RP Huang, CYY (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM cheryl.huang@us.af.mil RI Sutton, Eric/A-1574-2016 OI Sutton, Eric/0000-0003-1424-7189 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [LRIR 14 RV11COR, FA9550-14-1-0280]; National Science Foundation under Grant NSF [AGS-1259508] FX We acknowledge the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grants LRIR 14 RV11COR and FA9550-14-1-0280, and the National Science Foundation under Grant NSF Grant AGS-1259508. The authors wish to thank Dr. Daniel Ober and Dr. Gordon Wilson for providing DMSP magnetic field data. The OMNI data used in this study are available at the OMNIWeb interface (http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov). The GOCE data are available through the European Space Agency website (https://earth.esa.int/web/guest/-/goce-data-access-7219 < https://earth.esa.int/web/guest/-/goce-data-access-7219 >). The editor thanks Delores Knipp and an anonymous referee for their assistance in evaluating this paper. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 12 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2115-7251 J9 J SPACE WEATHER SPAC JI J. Space Weather Space Clim. PD JAN 25 PY 2016 VL 6 AR A4 DI 10.1051/swsc/2015041 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA DD3AG UT WOS:000369792700003 ER PT J AU Bedford, NM Hughes, ZE Tang, ZH Li, Y Briggs, BD Ren, Y Swihart, MT Petkov, VG Naik, RR Knecht, MR Walsh, TR AF Bedford, Nicholas M. Hughes, Zak E. Tang, Zhenghua Li, Yue Briggs, Beverly D. Ren, Yang Swihart, Mark T. Petkov, Valeri G. Naik, Rajesh R. Knecht, Marc R. Walsh, Tiffany R. TI Sequence-Dependent Structure/Function Relationships, of Catalytic Peptide-Enabled Gold Nanoparticles Generated under Ambient Synthetic Conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; BINDING PEPTIDES; NANOMATERIAL SYNTHESIS; BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS; ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR; MEDIATED SYNTHESIS; REPLICA EXCHANGE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; RECOGNITION AB Peptide-enabled nanoparticle (NP) synthesis routes can create and/or assemble functional nanomaterials under environmentally friendly conditions, with properties dictated by complex interactions at the biotic/abiotic interface. Manipulation of this interface through sequence modification can provide the capability for material properties to be tailored to create enhanced materials for energy, catalysis, and sensing applications. Fully realizing the potential of these materials requires a comprehensive understanding of sequence-dependent structure/function relationships that is presently lacking. In this work, the atomic-scale structures of a series of peptide-capped Au NPs are determined using a combination of atomic pair distribution function analysis of high-energy X-ray diffraction data and advanced molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The Au NPs produced with different peptide sequences exhibit varying degrees of catalytic activity for the exemplar reaction 4-nitrophenol reduction. The experimentally derived atomic-scale NP configurations reveal sequence-dependent differences in structural order at the NP surface. Replica exchange with solute-tempering MD simulations are then used to predict the morphology of the peptide overlayer on these Au NPs and identify factors determining the structure/catalytic properties relationship. We show that the amount of exposed Au surface, the underlying surface structural disorder, and the interaction strength of the peptide with the Au surface all influence catalytic performance. A simplified computational prediction of catalytic performance is developed that can potentially serve as a screening tool for future studies. Our approach provides a platform for broadening the analysis of catalytic peptide-enabled metallic NP systems, potentially allowing for the development of rational design rules for property enhancement. C1 [Bedford, Nicholas M.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bedford, Nicholas M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bedford, Nicholas M.; Briggs, Beverly D.; Knecht, Marc R.] Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Hughes, Zak E.; Walsh, Tiffany R.] Deakin Univ, Inst Frontier Mat, Geelong, Vic 3216, Australia. [Tang, Zhenghua] S China Univ Technol, Guangzhou Higher Educ Mega Ctr, New Energy Res Inst, Sch Environm & Energy, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Li, Yue; Swihart, Mark T.] SUNY Buffalo, Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Petkov, Valeri G.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48858 USA. RP Bedford, NM (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.; Bedford, NM; Naik, RR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Bedford, NM; Knecht, MR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA.; Walsh, TR (reprint author), Deakin Univ, Inst Frontier Mat, Geelong, Vic 3216, Australia. EM nicholas.bedford@nist.gov; rajesh.naik@us.af.mil; knecht@miami.edu; tiffany.walsh@deakin.edu.au RI Tang, Zhenghua/H-3436-2011; Swihart, Mark/A-3182-2008; Walsh, Tiffany/C-2667-2009; Hughes, Zak/B-9835-2017 OI Tang, Zhenghua/0000-0003-0718-3164; Swihart, Mark/0000-0002-9652-687X; Walsh, Tiffany/0000-0002-0233-9484; Hughes, Zak/0000-0003-2166-9822 FU Air Force Office for Scientific Research (AFOSR LRIR) [FA9550-12-1-0226]; DOE-BES [DE-SC0006877]; National Research Council; veski; DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was partially supported by the Air Force Office for Scientific Research (M.R.K. and T.R.W., Grant No. FA9550-12-1-0226; R.R.N., AFOSR LRIR) and DOE-BES grant DE-SC0006877 (V.G.P.). N.M.B. acknowledges fellowship support from the National Research Council Research Associateship award during the initial experiments of this study. T.R.W. thanks veski for an Innovation Fellowship. T.R.W. and Z.E.H. gratefully acknowledge the National Computing Infrastructure (NCI) for access to supercomputing resources. Access to beamline 11-ID-C of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357, is greatly appreciated. NR 57 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 29 U2 76 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 20 PY 2016 VL 138 IS 2 BP 540 EP 548 DI 10.1021/jacs.5b09529 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DB5OF UT WOS:000368562800014 PM 26679562 ER PT J AU Cahay, M Zhu, W Fairchild, S Murray, PT Back, TC Gruen, GJ AF Cahay, M. Zhu, W. Fairchild, S. Murray, P. T. Back, T. C. Gruen, G. J. TI Multiscale model of heat dissipation mechanisms during field emission from carbon nanotube fibers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID YARNS; TIP; ELECTRONS; EMITTERS; FILMS AB A multiscale model of field emission (FE) from carbon nanotube fibers (CNFs) is developed, which takes into account Joule heating within the fiber and radiative cooling and the Nottingham effect at the tip of the individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the array located at the fiber tip. The model predicts the fraction of CNTs being destroyed as a function of the applied external electric field and reproduces many experimental features observed in some recently investigated CNFs, such as order of magnitude of the emission current (mA range), low turn on electric field (fraction of V/mu m), deviation from pure Fowler-Nordheim behavior at large applied electric field, hysteresis of the FE characteristics, and a spatial variation of the temperature along the CNF axis with a maximum close to its tip of a few hundred degrees C. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Cahay, M.; Zhu, W.] Univ Cincinnati, Spintron & Vacuum Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Fairchild, S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Murray, P. T.; Back, T. C.; Gruen, G. J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Murray, P. T.; Back, T. C.] Univ Dayton, Ctr Excellence Thin Film Res & Surface Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Cahay, M (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Spintron & Vacuum Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. FU Air Force at the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RXAP) [FA8650-11-D-5401] FX This work was supported by Air Force Contract No. FA8650-11-D-5401 at the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RXAP). The authors thank John Luginsland and Jason Marshall at AFOSR for supporting this work. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 18 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 3 AR 033110 DI 10.1063/1.4940390 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DH8PB UT WOS:000373055500047 ER PT J AU Robbins, MJ Lunday, BJ AF Robbins, Matthew J. Lunday, Brian J. TI A bilevel formulation of the pediatric vaccine pricing problem SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pediatric vaccine pricing; Bilevel programming; Heuristic; Nelder-Mead search; Cyclic coordinate method ID UNITED-STATES; CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION; COMBINATION VACCINES; ECONOMIC-EVALUATION; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE; ALGORITHM; MODEL; VACCINATIONS; OPTIMIZATION; SELECTION AB We consider the characterization of optimal pricing strategies for a pediatric vaccine manufacturing firm operating in an oligopolistic market. The pediatric vaccine pricing problem (PVPP) is formulated as a bilevel mathematical program wherein the upper level models a firm that selects profit-maximizing vaccine prices while the lower level models a representative customer's vaccine purchasing decision to satisfy a given, recommended childhood immunization schedule (RCIS) at overall minimum cost. Complicating features of the bilevel program include the bilinear nature of the upper-level objective function and the binary nature of the lower-level decision variables. We develop and test variants of three heuristics to identify the pricing scheme that will maximize a manufacturer's profit: a Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) of the upper-level feasible region, an LHS enhanced by a Nelder-Meade search from each price point, and an LHS enhanced by a custom implementation of the Cyclic Coordinate Method from each price point. The practicality of the PVPP is demonstrated via application to the analysis of the 2014 United States pediatric vaccine private sector market. Testing results indicate that a robust sampling method combined with local search is the superlative solution method among those examined and, in the current market, that a manufacturer acting unilaterally has the potential to increase profit per child completing the RCIS by 35 percent (from 231.84 to 312.55 dollars) for GlaxoSmithKline, 47 percent (from 63.96 to 93.70 dollars) for Merck, and 866 percent (from 25.99 to 251.04 dollars) for Sanofi Pasteur over that obtained via current pricing mechanisms. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Robbins, Matthew J.; Lunday, Brian J.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Robbins, MJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.robbins@afit.edu; brian.lunday@afit.edu OI Lunday, Brian/0000-0001-5191-4361 NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 EI 1872-6860 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD JAN 16 PY 2016 VL 248 IS 2 BP 634 EP 645 DI 10.1016/j.ejor.2015.06.075 PG 12 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA CT2HB UT WOS:000362621500023 ER PT J AU Koerner, H Opsitnick, E Grabowski, CA Drummy, LF Hsiao, MS Che, J Pike, M Person, V Bockstaller, MR Meth, JS Vaia, RA AF Koerner, Hilmar Opsitnick, Elizabeth Grabowski, Christopher A. Drummy, Larry F. Hsiao, Ming-Siao Che, Justin Pike, Megan Person, Vernecia Bockstaller, Michael R. Meth, Jeff S. Vaia, Richard A. TI Physical Aging and Glass Transition of Hairy Nanoparticle Assemblies SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Glass transition temperature; Physical aging; Polymer grafted nanoparticle; Polymer nanocomposite ID CONCENTRATED POLYMER BRUSH; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; SILICA PARTICLES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; ENTHALPY RELAXATION; NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYSTYRENE; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; FILMS AB Matrix free assemblies of polymer-grafted, "hairy" nanoparticles (aHNP) exhibit novel morphology, dielectric, and mechanical properties, as well as providing means to overcome dispersion challenges ubiquitous to conventional polymer-inorganic nanocomposite blends. Physical aging of the amorphous polymer glass between the close-packed nanoparticles (NPs) will dominate long-term stability; however, the energetics of volume recovery within the aHNPs is unknown. Herein, we compare glass transition temperature (T-g) and enthalpy recovery of aHNPs to NP-polymer blends, across different nano-silica loadings (0-50 v/v%) and canopy architecture of polystyrene (PS) grafted silica. For aHNPs, the grafting of PS to silica imposes an additional design constraint between silica volume fraction, graft density, and graft molecular weight. At low and intermediate silica volume fraction, the Inc of blended nanocomposites is independent of silica content, reflecting a neutral polymer-NP interface. For aHNPs, the T-g decreases with silica content, implying that chain tethering decreases local segment density more than the effect of molecular weight or polymer-NP interactions. Additionally, the T-g of the aHNPs is higher than a linear matrix of comparable molecular weight, implying a complementary effect to local segment density that constrains cooperativity. In contrast, enthalpy recovery rate in the blend or aHNP glass is retarded comparably. In addition, a cross-over temperature, T-x, emerges deep within the glass where the enthalpy recovery process of all nanocomposites becomes similar to linear unfilled matrices. Differences between structural recovery in aHNP and blended nanocomposites occur only at the highest silica loadings (similar to 50 v/v%), where enthalpy recovery for aHNPs is substantially suppressed relative to the blended counterparts. The absence of physical aging at these loadings is independent of brush architecture (graft density or molecular weight of tethered chains) and indicates that the impact of chain tethering on effective bulk structural relaxation starts to appear at particle-particle surface separations on the order of the Kuhn length. Overall, these observations can be understood within the context of how three separate structural characteristics impact local segment density and relaxation processes: the dimension and architecture of the tethered polymer chains, the separation between NP surfaces, and the confinement imposed by chain tethering and space filling within the aHNP. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Koerner, Hilmar; Opsitnick, Elizabeth; Grabowski, Christopher A.; Drummy, Larry F.; Hsiao, Ming-Siao; Che, Justin; Pike, Megan; Vaia, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Person, Vernecia] Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Chem, Sw Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. [Bockstaller, Michael R.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Meth, Jeff S.] EI DuPont de Nemours, DuPont Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19803 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@us.af.mil RI Bockstaller, Michael/A-9124-2011; OI Bockstaller, Michael/0000-0001-9046-9539; Hsiao, Ming-siao/0000-0001-9319-653X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research is gratefully acknowledged. JSM would like to thank Steve Zane and Changzai Chi for technical assistance. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2016 VL 54 IS 2 SI SI BP 319 EP 330 DI 10.1002/polb.23931 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CY6IJ UT WOS:000366512200024 ER PT J AU Penilla, EH Hardin, CL Kodera, Y Basun, SA Evans, DR Garay, JE AF Penilla, E. H. Hardin, C. L. Kodera, Y. Basun, S. A. Evans, D. R. Garay, J. E. TI The role of scattering and absorption on the optical properties of birefringent polycrystalline ceramics: Modeling and experiments on ruby (Cr:Al2O3) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE-ASSISTED DENSIFICATION; TRANSPARENT CERAMICS; ALUMINA; ZIRCONIA; EMISSION; SPINEL; AL2O3 AB Light scattering due to birefringence has prevented the use of polycrystalline ceramics with anisotropic optical properties in applications such as laser gain media. However, continued development of processing technology has allowed for very low porosity and fine grains, significantly improving transparency and is paving the way for polycrystalline ceramics to be used in demanding optical applications. We present a method for producing highly transparent Cr3+ doped Al2O3 (ruby) using current activated pressure assisted densification. The one-step doping/densification process produces fine grained ceramics with well integrated (doped) Cr, resulting in good absorption and emission. In order to explain the light transmission properties, we extend the analytical model based on the Rayleigh-Gans-Debye approximation that has been previously used for undoped alumina to include absorption. The model presented captures reflection, scattering, and absorption phenomena in the ceramics. Comparison with measured transmission confirms that the model adequately describes the properties of polycrystalline ruby. In addition the measured emission spectra and emission lifetime are found to be similar to single crystals, confirming the high optical quality of the ceramics. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Penilla, E. H.; Hardin, C. L.; Kodera, Y.; Garay, J. E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Penilla, E. H.; Hardin, C. L.; Kodera, Y.; Garay, J. E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mech Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Basun, S. A.; Evans, D. R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Garay, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.; Garay, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mech Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM jegaray@engr.ucr.edu FU multidisciplinary research initiative (MRI) from the High Energy Lasers-Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO) FX We gratefully acknowledge the funding of this work by a multidisciplinary research initiative (MRI) from the High Energy Lasers-Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO) administered by the Army Research Office (ARO). NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2016 VL 119 IS 2 AR 023106 DI 10.1063/1.4939090 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DC5UA UT WOS:000369284800006 ER PT J AU Bag, S Patel, RJ Bunha, A Grand, C Berrigan, JD Dalton, MJ Leever, BJ Reynolds, JR Durstock, MF AF Bag, Santanu Patel, Romesh J. Bunha, Ajaykumar Grand, Caroline Berrigan, J. Daniel Dalton, Matthew J. Leever, Benjamin J. Reynolds, John R. Durstock, Michael F. TI Tandem Solar Cells from Accessible Low Band-Gap Polymers Using an Efficient Interconnecting Layer SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE polymers; tandem solar cells; scalable; isoindigo; interconnecting layer; solution processing ID POWER-CONVERSION EFFICIENCY AB Tandem solar cell architectures are designed to improve device photoresponse by enabling the capture of wider range of solar spectrum as compared to single-junction device. However, the practical realization of this concept in bulk-heterojunction polymer systems requires the judicious design of a transparent interconnecting layer compatible with both polymers. Moreover, the polymers selected should be readily synthesized at large scale (>1 kg) and high performance. In this work, we demonstrate a novel tandem polymer solar cell that combines low band gap poly isoindigo [P(T3-iI)-2], which is easily synthesized in kilogram quantities, with a novel Cr/MoO3 interconnecting layer. Cr/MoO3 is shown to be greater than 80% transparent above 375 nm and an efficient interconnecting layer for P(T3-iI)-2 and PCDTBT, leading to 6% power conversion efficiencies under AM 1.5G illumination. These results serve to extend the range of interconnecting layer materials for tandem cell fabrication by establishing, for the first time, that a thin, evaporated layer of Cr/MoO3 can work as an effective interconnecting layer in a tandem polymer solar cells made with scalable photoactive materials. C1 [Bag, Santanu; Patel, Romesh J.; Bunha, Ajaykumar; Berrigan, J. Daniel; Dalton, Matthew J.; Leever, Benjamin J.; Durstock, Michael F.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Bag, Santanu; Patel, Romesh J.; Bunha, Ajaykumar] UES Inc, Biol & Nanoscale Technol Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Grand, Caroline; Reynolds, John R.] Georgia Inst Technol, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Ctr Organ Photon & Elect, Sch Chem & Biochem,Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Bag, S; Durstock, MF (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA.; Bag, S (reprint author), UES Inc, Biol & Nanoscale Technol Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM santanu.bag.ctr.in@us.af.mil; michael.durstock@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFSOR); Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Office of Naval Research [N00014-14-0173] FX Financial supports from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFSOR) and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) are highly appreciated. J.R.R. acknowledges funding of this work from the Office of Naval Research (N00014-14-0173). NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JAN 13 PY 2016 VL 8 IS 1 BP 16 EP 19 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b10170 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA DB5OH UT WOS:000368563000004 PM 26699653 ER PT J AU Jawaid, A Nepal, D Park, K Jespersen, M Qualley, A Mirau, P Drummy, LF Vaia, RA AF Jawaid, Ali Nepal, Dhriti Park, Kyoungweon Jespersen, Michael Qualley, Anthony Mirau, Peter Drummy, Lawrence F. Vaia, Richard A. TI Mechanism for Liquid Phase Exfoliation of MoS2 SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-LAYER MOS2; MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; N-METHYLPYRROLIDONE; HYDROGEN EVOLUTION; BASAL-PLANE; NANOSHEETS; INTERCALATION; OXIDATION; CRYSTALS AB A highly efficient, reproducible, and scalable approach for exfoliation of MoS2 is critical for utilizing these emerging materials from coatings and composites to printable devices. Additive-free techniques, such as solvent-assisted exfoliation via sonication, are considered to be the most viable approach, where N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is the most effective solvent. However, understanding the mechanism of exfoliation and the key role NMP plays during the process have been elusive and challenges effective improvements in product yield and quality. Here, we report systematic experiments to understand the mechanism of solvent-assisted exfoliation by elucidating the sonolysis chemistries associated with NMP. It is confirmed that in the presence of O-2(g) dissolved moisture in NMP plays a critical role during sonication. The higher the moisture content, the more efficient the exfoliation process is. Conversely, when exfoliations are carried out with dried solvents with an inert atmosphere, reaction yields decrease. This is due to redox-active species formed in situ through an autoxidation pathway that converts NMP to N-methyl succinimide by hydroperoxide intermediates. These highly reactive species appear to aid exfoliation by oxidation at reactive edge sites; the charging creates Coulombic repulsion between neighboring sheets that disrupts interlayer basal plane bonding and enables electrostatic stabilization of particles in high-dipole solvents. From these insights, exfoliation in previously reported inactive solvents (e.g., acetonitrile), as well as in the absence of probe sonication, is demonstrated. These findings illustrate that exfoliation of MoS2, and possibly TMD's in general, can be mediated through understanding the chemistry occurring at the surface-solvent interface. C1 [Jawaid, Ali; Nepal, Dhriti; Park, Kyoungweon; Jespersen, Michael; Qualley, Anthony; Mirau, Peter; Drummy, Lawrence F.; Vaia, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate FX The authors acknowledge the support of this research by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate and express appreciation to Elizabeth Moore and Timothy Prusnik for help with Raman experiments. NR 56 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 29 U2 106 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JAN 12 PY 2016 VL 28 IS 1 BP 337 EP 348 DI 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04224 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA DB2FB UT WOS:000368322600042 ER PT J AU Ariyawansa, G Reyner, CJ Steenbergen, EH Duran, JM Reding, JD Scheihing, JE Bourassa, HR Liang, BL Huffaker, DL AF Ariyawansa, Gamini Reyner, Charles J. Steenbergen, Elizabeth H. Duran, Joshua M. Reding, Joshua D. Scheihing, John E. Bourassa, Henry R. Liang, Baolai L. Huffaker, Diana L. TI InGaAs/InAsSb strained layer superlattices for mid-wave infrared detectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERFACES; ALLOYS AB Investigation of growth and properties of InGaAs/InAsSb strained layer superlattices, identified as ternary strained layer superlattices (ternary SLSs), is reported. The material space for the antimony-based SLS detector development is expanded beyond InAs/InAsSb and InAs/(In) GaSb by incorporating Ga into InAs. It was found that this not only provides support for strain compensation but also enhances the infrared (IR) absorption properties. A unique InGaAs/InAsSb SLS exists when the conduction band of InGaAs aligns with that of InAsSb. The bandgap of this specific InGaAs/InAsSb SLS can then be tuned by adjusting the thickness of both constituents. Due to the enhanced electron-hole wavefunction overlap, a significant increase in the absorption coefficient was theoretically predicted for ternary SLS as compared to current state-of-the-art InAs/InAsSb SLS structures, and an approximately 30%-35% increase in the absorption coefficient was experimentally observed. All the samples examined in this work were designed to have the same bandgap of approximately 0.240 eV (5.6 mu m) at 150 K. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Ariyawansa, Gamini; Reyner, Charles J.; Steenbergen, Elizabeth H.; Duran, Joshua M.; Reding, Joshua D.; Scheihing, John E.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bourassa, Henry R.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Liang, Baolai L.; Huffaker, Diana L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Ariyawansa, G (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gamini.ariyawansa.2@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate under Project "III-V Focal Plane Array Development Using Novel Superlattices" FX This work was funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate under Project "III-V Focal Plane Array Development Using Novel Superlattices." The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions from the scientists/engineers at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) by providing us with the NRL Bands TM software which was critical for the design/modeling portion of this paper. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 11 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 2 AR 022106 DI 10.1063/1.4939904 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DD9PQ UT WOS:000370258400026 ER PT J AU Ongstad, AP Guy, M Chavez, JR AF Ongstad, Andrew P. Guy, Matthew Chavez, Joeseph R. TI High power Nd:YAG spinning disk laser SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE LASERS AB We report on a high power Nd:YAG spinning disk laser. The eight cm diameter disk generated 200 W CW output with 323 W of absorbed pump in a near diffraction-limited beam. The power conversion efficiency was 64%. The pulsed result, 5 ms pulses at 10 Hz PRF, was nearly identical to the CW result indicating good thermal management. Rotated at 1200-1800 RPM with He impingement cooling the disk temperature increased by only 17 degrees C reaching a maximum temperature of similar to 31 degrees C. The thermal dissipation per unit of output power was 0.61 watt of heat generated per watt of laser output, which is below the typical range of 0.8-1.1 for 808 nm diode pumped Nd:YAG lasers. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America C1 [Ongstad, Andrew P.; Guy, Matthew; Chavez, Joeseph R.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ongstad, AP (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM andrew.ongstad@us.af.mil; matthew.guy.2@us.af.mil; joeseph.chavez.5.ctr@us.af.mil NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 11 PY 2016 VL 24 IS 1 BP 108 EP 113 DI 10.1364/OE.24.000108 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA DA7SQ UT WOS:000368004800011 PM 26832242 ER PT J AU Joubert, T Castro, D Slane, P Gelfand, J AF Joubert, Timothy Castro, Daniel Slane, Patrick Gelfand, Joseph TI FERMI-LAT OBSERVATIONS OF SUPERNOVA REMNANT G5.7-0.1, BELIEVED TO BE INTERACTING WITH MOLECULAR CLOUDS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; cosmic rays; gamma rays: ISM; ISM: individual objects (G5.7-0.1); ISM: supernova remnants ID GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; HIGH-ENERGY; 1720 MHZ; SHOCK ACCELERATION; MASER EMISSION; INNER GALAXY; BROAD-BAND; OH MASERS; IC 443 AB This work reports on the detection of gamma-ray emission coincident with the supernova remnant (SNR) G5.7-0.1 using data collected by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The SNR is believed to be interacting with molecular clouds, based on 1720 MHz hydroxyl (OH) maser emission observations in its direction. This interaction is expected to provide targets for the production of gamma-ray emission from pi(0)-decay. A gamma-ray source was observed in the direction of SNR G5.7-0.1, positioned near the bright gamma-ray source SNR W28. We model the emission from radio to gamma-ray energies using a one-zone model. Following consideration of both pi(0)-decay and leptonically dominated emission scenarios for the MeV-TeV source, we conclude that a considerable component of the gamma-ray emission must originate from the pi(0)-decay channel. Finally, constraints were placed on the reported ambiguity of the SNR distance through X-ray column density measurements made using XMM-Newton observations. We conclude G5.7-0.1 is a significant gamma-ray source positioned at a distance of similar to 3 kpc with luminosity in the 0.1-100 GeV range of L-gamma approximate to 7.4 x 10(34) erg s(-1). C1 [Joubert, Timothy; Slane, Patrick] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Joubert, Timothy] Student Squadron, Laughlin AFB, TX 78843 USA. [Castro, Daniel] MIT, Kavli Ctr Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gelfand, Joseph] NYU Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. RP Joubert, T (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Gelfand, Joseph/0000-0003-4679-1058 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory [SV3-73016]; NASA [NAS8-03060]; National Aeronautics Space Administration [NAS8-03060, NNX13AD56G] FX D.C. acknowledges support for this work provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory contract SV3-73016 to MIT for Support of the Chandra X-Ray Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics Space Administration under contract NAS8-03060. P. S. acknowledges support from NASA Contract NAS8-03060. J.D.G. acknowledges support for analysis of the XMM-Newton data through the National Aeronautics Space Administration under grant NNX13AD56G. The authors would also like to thank the helpful comments of the referee. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2016 VL 816 IS 2 AR 63 DI 10.3847/0004-637X/816/2/63 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA DB0ZV UT WOS:000368238500015 ER PT J AU Nan, TX Emori, S Peng, B Wang, XJ Hu, ZQ Xie, L Gao, Y Lin, H Jiao, J Luo, HS Budil, D Jones, JG Howe, BM Brown, GJ Liu, M Sun, NA AF Nan, Tianxiang Emori, Satoru Peng, Bin Wang, Xinjun Hu, Zhongqiang Xie, Li Gao, Yuan Lin, Hwaider Jiao, Jie Luo, Haosu Budil, David Jones, John G. Howe, Brandon M. Brown, Gail J. Liu, Ming Sun, Nian TI Control of magnetic relaxation by electric-field-induced ferroelectric phase transition and inhomogeneous domain switching SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOELECTRIC DEVICES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ATOMIC LAYERS; VOLTAGE; MULTIFERROICS; RESONANCE; MEMORY; FILMS AB Electric-field modulation of magnetism in strain-mediated multiferroic heterostructures is considered a promising scheme for enabling memory and magnetic microwave devices with ultralow power consumption. However, it is not well understood how electric-field-induced strain influences magnetic relaxation, an important physical process for device applications. Here, we investigate resonant magnetization dynamics in ferromagnet/ferroelectric multiferroic heterostructures, FeGaB/PMN-PT and NiFe/PMN-PT, in two distinct strain states provided by electric-field-induced ferroelectric phase transition. The strain not only modifies magnetic anisotropy but also magnetic relaxation. In FeGaB/PMN-PT, we observe a nearly two-fold change in intrinsic Gilbert damping by electric field, which is attributed to strain-induced tuning of spin-orbit coupling. By contrast, a small but measurable change in extrinsic linewidth broadening is attributed to inhomogeneous ferroelastic domain switching during the phase transition of the PMN-PT substrate. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Nan, Tianxiang; Emori, Satoru; Wang, Xinjun; Hu, Zhongqiang; Xie, Li; Gao, Yuan; Lin, Hwaider; Sun, Nian] Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Peng, Bin; Liu, Ming] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Elect Mat Res Lab, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Jiao, Jie; Luo, Haosu] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Ceram, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Budil, David] Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Jones, John G.; Howe, Brandon M.; Brown, Gail J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Liu, M (reprint author), Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Elect Mat Res Lab, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. EM mingliu@mail.xjtu.edu.cn; n.sun@neu.edu RI Nan, Tianxiang/A-8020-2016; Sun, Nian Xiang/F-9590-2010; Gao, Yuan/E-4277-2016; Liu, Ming/B-4143-2009; Peng, Bin/D-6585-2015; OI Sun, Nian Xiang/0000-0002-3120-0094; Gao, Yuan/0000-0002-2444-1180; Liu, Ming/0000-0002-6310-948X; Peng, Bin/0000-0002-3501-722X; Hu, Zhongqiang/0000-0002-7534-0427 FU National Science Foundation [1160504]; NSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Translational Applications of Nanoscale Multiferroic Systems TANMS; W.M. Keck Foundation; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-14-C-5706, FA8650-14-C-5705] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Award 1160504, NSF Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Translational Applications of Nanoscale Multiferroic Systems TANMS, the W.M. Keck Foundation, and the Air Force Research Laboratory through Contract No. FA8650-14-C-5706 and in part by FA8650-14-C-5705. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 12 U2 37 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 4 PY 2016 VL 108 IS 1 AR 012406 DI 10.1063/1.4939441 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA DJ6HU UT WOS:000374313000040 ER PT J AU Iurov, A Gumbs, G Huang, DH Silkin, VM AF Iurov, Andrii Gumbs, Godfrey Huang, Danhong Silkin, V. M. TI Plasmon dissipation in gapped graphene open systems at finite temperature SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB Numerical and closed-form analytic expressions for plasmon dispersion relations and rates of dissipation are first obtained at finite temperatures for free-standing gapped graphene. These closed-system results are generalized to an open system with Coulomb coupling of graphene electrons to an external electron reservoir. Plasmon modes, as well as plasmon dissipation channels, are found in this open system, including significant modifications arising from the combined effect of thermal excitation of electrons and an energy band gap in gapped graphene. Moreover, the characteristics of the plasmon mode and the additional plasmon dissipation may be fully controlled by adjusting the separation between the graphene layer from the surface of a thick conductor. Numerical results for the thermal shift of plasmon frequency in a doped gapped graphene layer, along with its sensitivity to the local environment, are demonstrated and analyzed. Such phenomenon associated with the frequency shift of plasmons may be applied to direct optical measurement of local electron temperature in transistors and nanoplasmonic structures. C1 [Iurov, Andrii; Huang, Danhong] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Gumbs, Godfrey] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Gumbs, Godfrey; Silkin, V. M.] Donostia Int Phys Ctr DIPC, San Sebastian 20018, Basque Country, Spain. [Huang, Danhong] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Iurov, A (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM aiurov@chtm.unm.edu RI DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014; Silkin, Vyacheslav/G-5446-2011 OI Silkin, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-7840-3868 FU AFRL [FA 9453-13-1-0284]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX A.I. was supported by FA 9453-13-1-0284 grant of AFRL. D.H. would like to thank the support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 4 PY 2016 VL 93 IS 3 AR 035404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.035404 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA DA2YP UT WOS:000367663400008 ER PT J AU Grabinski, C Sharma, M Maurer, E Sulentic, C Sankaran, RM Hussain, S AF Grabinski, Christin Sharma, Monita Maurer, Elizabeth Sulentic, Courtney Sankaran, R. Mohan Hussain, Saber TI The effect of shear flow on nanoparticle agglomeration and deposition in in vitro dynamic flow models SO NANOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agglomerate density; dosimetry; exposure methods; nanoparticle transport ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; PROTEIN ADSORPTION; CELLULAR UPTAKE; TOXICITY; DOSIMETRY; SIZE; CELLS; FLUID; PARTICLES AB Traditional in vitro toxicity experiments typically involve exposure of a mono- or co-culture of cells to nanoparticles (NPs) in static conditions with the assumption of 100% deposition (i.e. dose) of well-dispersed particles. However, cellular dose can be affected by agglomeration and the unique transport kinetics of NPs in biological media. We hypothesize that shear flow can address these issues and achieve more predictable dosage. Here, we compare the behavior of gold NPs with diameters of 5, 10 and 30nm in static and dynamic in vitro models. We also utilize transport modeling to approximate the shear rate experienced by the cells in dynamic conditions to evaluate physiological relevance. The transport kinetics show that NP behavior is governed by both gravity and diffusion forces in static conditions and only diffusion in dynamic conditions. Our results reveal that dynamic systems are capable of producing a more predictable dose compared to static systems, which has strong implications for improving repeatability in nanotoxicity assessments. C1 [Grabinski, Christin; Sharma, Monita; Maurer, Elizabeth; Hussain, Saber] Air Force Res Lab, Mol Bioeffects Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Grabinski, Christin; Sankaran, R. Mohan] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Sharma, Monita; Sulentic, Courtney; Hussain, Saber] Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Hussain, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 2729 R St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM saber.hussain@us.af.mil FU Molecular Bioeffects Branch, Bioeffects Division, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory under the Student Research Participation Program at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors report no conflicts of interest. This work was funded by the Molecular Bioeffects Branch, Bioeffects Division, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory under the Student Research Participation Program at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (to C.M.G. and M.S.). NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1743-5390 EI 1743-5404 J9 NANOTOXICOLOGY JI Nanotoxicology PD JAN 2 PY 2016 VL 10 IS 1 BP 74 EP 83 DI 10.3109/17435390.2015.1018978 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA DG1FL UT WOS:000371810900008 PM 25961858 ER PT J AU Ralston, TE Kanzler, KE AF Ralston, Timothy E. Kanzler, Kathryn E. TI Symptom Discrimination and Habituation: A Case Study of Behavioral Treatment for Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) SO BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE case study; exposure therapy; health psychology; POTS ID DISORDER; ANXIETY AB Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a multifaceted disorder of the autonomic nervous system that profoundly impacts physical functioning. In addition to physical consequences, many patients develop situational anxiety that causes reduced activity level, which may impede functional recovery from POTS. Despite links with anxiety, to date there have been no reports of psychological intervention for POTS. Here we report a case study of POTS in a 40-year-old female serving on active duty in the US military. Because there are no established guidelines for the psychological treatment of POTS, intervention techniques were adapted for use with the patient. Elements of cognitive behavioral therapy, including in-vivo exposure and symptom discrimination, were used to target avoidance of feared situations. Over the course of treatment, the patient learned to discriminate her POTS symptoms from anxiety and displayed a significant decrease in POTS-related functional impairment. Implications for future care are discussed. C1 [Ralston, Timothy E.] Mental Hlth Clin, 194 Missile Ave, Minot Afb, ND 58705 USA. [Kanzler, Kathryn E.] Malcolm Grow Med Clin & Surg Ctr, Clin Hlth Psychol Clin, Joint Base Andrews, MD USA. RP Ralston, TE (reprint author), Mental Hlth Clin, 194 Missile Ave, Minot Afb, ND 58705 USA.; Ralston, TE (reprint author), Mental Hlth Clin, Chief, Minot Air Force Base, Minot AFB, ND USA. EM timothy.ralston.2@us.af.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0896-4289 EI 1940-4026 J9 BEHAV MED JI Behav. Med. PD JAN 2 PY 2016 VL 42 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1080/08964289.2014.977765 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychiatry SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychiatry GA DC5YI UT WOS:000369296200007 PM 25337949 ER PT S AU Bauer, W Perram, G Haugan, T AF Bauer, William Perram, Glen Haugan, Timothy BE Exarhos, GJ Gruzdev, VE Menapace, JA Ristau, D Soileau, MJ TI Plume dynamics from UV pulsed ablation of Al and Ti SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS 2016 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48th SPIE Annual Laser Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 25-28, 2015 CL Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Laser Components GmbH, Spica Technologies Inc, ZC Optoelectron Technologies Ltd DE pulsed laser ablation; Al; Ti; fast ICCD imaging; visible emissions spectroscopy ID LASER; ALUMINUM; PLASMA AB Pulsed laser ablation of Al and Ti with a < 3.3 J/cm(2) KrF laser and Ar background pressure of up to 1 Ton was performed to study the ablated plume. Mass loss experiments revealed the number of ablated atoms per pulse increases by similar to 30% for Ti and similar to 20% for Al as pressure decreases from 1 Ton to vacuum. Optical emission imaging performed using a gated ICCD revealed a strong dependence of shock front parameters, defined by the Sedov-Taylor blast and classical drag models, on background pressure. Spatially resolved optical emission spectroscopy from Al I, Al II, Ti I, and Ti II revealed ion temperatures of 10(4) K that decreased away from the target surface along the surface normal and neutral temperatures of 10(3) K independent of target distance. Comparison between kinetic energy in the shock and internal excitation energy reveals that nearly 100% of the energy is partitioned into shock front kinetic energy and similar to 1% into internal excitation. C1 [Bauer, William; Perram, Glen] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Haugan, Timothy] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, 1950 Fifth St Bldg 18, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perram, G (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM glen.perram@afit.edu FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office; Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was funded in part by a grant from the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office and by the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0437-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 10014 AR UNSP 100140S DI 10.1117/12.2245185 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BH0BA UT WOS:000394528400016 ER PT S AU Singh, PK Aizin, G Thawdar, N Medley, M Jornet, JM AF Singh, Prateek K. Aizin, Gregory Thawdar, Ngwe Medley, Michael Jornet, Josep Miquel GP IEEE TI Graphene-based Plasmonic Phase Modulator for Terahertz-band Communication SO 2016 10TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (EUCAP) SE Proceedings of the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 10-15, 2016 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND DE Phase Modulation; Graphene; Plasmonics; Terahertz Band ID WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS; SYSTEMS; WAVES AB In this paper, a graphene-based plasmonic phase modulator for Terahertz band (0.1-10 THz) communication is proposed, modeled and analyzed. The modulator is based on a fixed-length graphene-based plasmonic waveguide, and leverages the possibility to tune the propagation speed of Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) waves on graphene by modifying the Fermi energy of the graphene layer. An analytical model for the modulator is developed starting from the dynamic complex conductivity of graphene and a revised dispersion equation for SPP waves in gated graphene structures. By utilizing the model, the performance of the modulator is analyzed in terms of symbol error rate when utilized to implement a M-ary digital phase shift keying modulation. The model is validated by means of electromagnetic simulations, and numerical results are provided to illustrate the performance of the modulator. C1 [Singh, Prateek K.; Jornet, Josep Miquel] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Aizin, Gregory] Kingsborough Community Coll, Dept Phys Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. [Thawdar, Ngwe; Medley, Michael] US Air Force, Res Lab, RITE, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Singh, PK (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM prateekk@buffalo.edu; gregory.aizin@kbcc.cuny.edu; ngwe.thawdar@us.af.mil; michael.medley@us.af.mil; jmjornet@buffalo.edu FU U.S. Government; AFRL, under AFRL Grant [FA8750-15-1-0050] FX (a) The State University of New York at Buffalo acknowledges the U.S. Government's support in the publication of this paper. This material is based upon work funded by AFRL, under AFRL Grant No. FA8750-15-1-0050. (b) Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of AFRL. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-3342 BN 978-8-8907-0186-3 J9 PROC EUR CONF ANTENN PY 2016 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG3XP UT WOS:000388372500120 ER PT S AU Jain, N Hencey, BM AF Jain, Neera Hencey, Brandon M. GP IEEE TI Increasing Fuel Thermal Management System Capability via Objective Function Design SO 2016 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUL 06-08, 2016 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Automat Control Council ID MODEL AB The drive to extract greater capability from increasingly complex and constrained energy systems has led to a need for systematically specifying and synthesizing desirable control strategies. The heuristic control design scales poorly with system complexity, and there is a lack of connection to quantifiable and verifiable requirements. Similarly, objective functions used in optimal control often use generic quadratic objective functions instead of objective functions inspired by the systems' fundamental properties. As a result, this can create a large tuning problem involving the penalties for many states and inputs. This paper investigates objective functions inspired by thermodynamics as a starting point for control design of an aircraft's fuel thermal management system. C1 [Jain, Neera] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Hencey, Brandon M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Jain, N (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM neerajain@purdue.edu; brandon.hencey@us.af.mil NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4673-8682-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2016 BP 549 EP 556 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BG3XW UT WOS:000388376100090 ER PT S AU Williams, MA Alleyne, AG Hencey, BM AF Williams, Matthew A. Alleyne, Andrew G. Hencey, Brandon M. GP IEEE TI Hybrid Model Predictive Control of Multi-Compressor Vapor Compression Systems SO 2016 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUL 06-08, 2016 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Automat Control Council ID MANAGEMENT AB Increasing thermal loads in air vehicles has recently driven a need for more efficient cooling mechanisms and novel control techniques. As such, multi-compressor vapor compression systems are being considered for next generation aircraft to help mitigate the effects of large magnitude and highly transient thermal loads. The inclusion of these systems coupled with the transient environment in which they operate leads to the need for advanced control techniques to select operational modes and handle continuous actuation. This work develops a switched linear model framework that is used in a hybrid model predictive controller to determine the operational mode of the system, and continuous actuator set points. While this approach is applicable to a wide range of systems, a sample aircraft simulation study shows the advantage of the predictive controller over current logic-based control strategies. C1 [Williams, Matthew A.; Alleyne, Andrew G.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hencey, Brandon M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Williams, MA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mwillms4@illinois.edu; alleyne@illinois.edu; brandon.hencey@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory [88ABW-2015-4387]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program [DGE-1144245]; National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Power Optimization of Electro-Thermal Systems (POETS) [EEC-1449548] FX Research supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory (approved for release under case #: 88ABW-2015-4387), National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. DGE-1144245, and the National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Power Optimization of Electro-Thermal Systems (POETS) with cooperative agreement EEC-1449548. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4673-8682-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2016 BP 563 EP 568 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BG3XW UT WOS:000388376100092 ER PT S AU Pollock, DT Williams, MA Hencey, BM AF Pollock, Daniel T. Williams, Matthew A. Hencey, Brandon M. GP IEEE TI Model Predictive Control of Temperature-Sensitive and Transient Loads in Aircraft Vapor Compression Systems SO 2016 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUL 06-08, 2016 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Automat Control Council ID CYCLE AB Challenges for next generation aircraft thermal management using vapor compression systems (VCS) include larger transient thermal loads, tighter temperature constraints, and increasingly strict power and sizing requirements. Conventional control approaches, such as proportional-integral (PI) control, are well-suited for steady-state operation without system constraints. In this work, we investigate the ability of model predictive control to enable larger transient thermal loads subject to tighter temperature limits through anticipation and load-shedding. Our results include (1) a linear model predictive control validated on a nonlinear model of the vapor compression system, and (2) direct comparisons to state-of-theart PI control for stressing scenarios. C1 [Pollock, Daniel T.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn Dept, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Williams, Matthew A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hencey, Brandon M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Pollock, DT (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn Dept, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM pollod@rpi.edu; mwillms4@illinois.edu; brandon.hencey@us.af.mil FU United States Air Force Research Laboratory; CLEARED [88ABW-2015-4411] FX This research was supported by the United States Air Force Research Laboratory and CLEARED for public release on 18 Sep. 2015, Case Number 88ABW-2015-4411. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4673-8682-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2016 BP 575 EP 580 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BG3XW UT WOS:000388376100094 ER PT S AU Ton, C Kan, Z Doucette, EA Curtis, JW Mehta, SS AF Ton, C. Kan, Z. Doucette, E. A. Curtis, J. W. Mehta, S. S. GP IEEE TI Leader-Follower Consensus with Unknown Control Direction SO 2016 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUL 06-08, 2016 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Automat Control Council ID HIGH-FREQUENCY-GAIN; MULTIROBOT SYSTEMS; NETWORKS; TOPOLOGY; DESIGN; SIGNS AB The paper considers leader-follower consensus of multi-agent networks with unknown control direction. Sliding mode control is used to achieve consensus tracking under fixed topology with the assumption that the position of the leader is known to a subset of the followers. The proposed consensus law assumes unknown sign in the control input matrix of the followers and does not require the knowledge of the leader's velocity. Lyapunov-based analysis is presented to show that if the directed graph of the network has a directed spanning tree then sliding mode control law can guarantee consensus tracking. Simulations results are provided to verify the feasibility of the proposed controller. C1 [Ton, C.] Air Force Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Doucette, E. A.; Curtis, J. W.] Air Force Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Kan, Z.; Mehta, S. S.] Univ Florida, REEF, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Ton, C (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU AFRL Mathematical Modeling and Optimization Institute [FA8651-08-D-0108/042-043-049] FX This research is supported in part by a grant from the AFRL Mathematical Modeling and Optimization Institute contracts #FA8651-08-D-0108/042-043-049. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agency. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4673-8682-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2016 BP 2820 EP 2825 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BG3XW UT WOS:000388376102144 ER PT S AU Peterson, JD Yucelen, T Pasiliao, E AF Peterson, J. Daniel Yucelen, Tansel Pasiliao, Eduardo GP IEEE TI Generalizations on Active-Passive Dynamic Consensus Filters SO 2016 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUL 06-08, 2016 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Automat Control Council AB Active-passive dynamic consensus filters consist of agents subject to local observations of a process of interest (active agents) and agents without any observations (passive agents). In this paper, we introduce a new class of active-passive dynamic consensus filters using results from graph theory and systems science. Specifically, the proposed filters only require agents to exchange their current state information with neighbors in a simple and isotropic manner to reduce the overall information exchange cost of the network. In addition, we allow the roles of active and passive agents to be time-varying for making these filters suitable for a wide range of multiagent systems applications. We show that the proposed active-passive dynamic consensus filters enable the states of all agents to converge to an adjustable neighborhood of the average of the observations sensed by a time-varying set of active agents. C1 [Peterson, J. Daniel; Yucelen, Tansel] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Peterson, J. Daniel; Yucelen, Tansel] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Adv Syst Res Lab, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Pasiliao, Eduardo] US Air Force, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Peterson, JD (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Rolla, MO 65409 USA.; Peterson, JD (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Adv Syst Res Lab, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM jdp6q5@mst.edu; yucelen@mst.edu; pasiliao@eglin.af.mil FU United States Air Force Summer Faculty and Student Fellowship Program; Intelligent Systems Center of the Missouri University of Science and Technology FX This research was supported in part by the United States Air Force Summer Faculty and Student Fellowship Program and by the Intelligent Systems Center of the Missouri University of Science and Technology. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4673-8682-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2016 BP 3740 EP 3745 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BG3XW UT WOS:000388376103130 ER PT S AU Manyam, SG Casbeer, DW Sundar, K AF Manyam, Satyanarayana G. Casbeer, David W. Sundar, Kaarthik GP IEEE TI Path Planning for Cooperative Routing of Air-Ground Vehicles SO 2016 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUL 06-08, 2016 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Automat Control Council ID RING-STAR PROBLEM; NETWORK; ALGORITHM; DESIGN AB We consider a cooperative vehicle routing problem for surveillance and reconnaissance missions with communication constraints between the vehicles. We propose a framework which involves a ground vehicle and an aerial vehicle; the vehicles travel cooperatively satisfying the communication limits, and visit a set of targets. We present a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation and develop a branch- and cut algorithm to solve the path planning problem for the ground and air vehicles. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is corroborated through extensive computational experiments on several randomly generated instances. C1 [Manyam, Satyanarayana G.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Casbeer, David W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sundar, Kaarthik] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Manyam, SG (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM msngupta@gmail.com; david.casbeer@us.af.mil NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4673-8682-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2016 BP 4630 EP 4635 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BG3XW UT WOS:000388376104114 ER PT S AU Kan, Z Shea, JM Doucette, EA Curtis, JW Dixon, WE AF Kan, Zhen Shea, John M. Doucette, Emily A. Curtis, Jess W. Dixon, Warren E. GP IEEE TI Coverage Control Based Effective Jamming Strategy for Wireless Networks SO 2016 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUL 06-08, 2016 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Automat Control Council ID MOBILE SENSOR NETWORKS; FORMATION RECONFIGURATION; CONNECTIVITY MAINTENANCE; COLLISION-AVOIDANCE AB A group of mobile jammers is tasked with disrupting the overall communication of a static radio network. The jammers are assumed to have limited jamming capabilities, such that the jamming effect is constrained to a disk area around the jammer. Radios within the jamming zone will be disrupted and the jamming intensity depends on the relative distance between the radio and the jammer. To disrupt the communication network, a dynamic coverage control based jamming strategy is developed, where the jammers coordinate their motion and cooperatively guarantee that every radio in the network is accumulatively disrupted up to a desired jamming level over time. It is further assumed that each jammer has a limited communication capability. Two jammers can only share jamming information when they stay within a certain distance. To ensure consistent jamming coordination, motion control laws are developed for jammers to perform effective jamming while preserving network connectivity among jammers. An appealing feature of the current work is the use of mobile jammers to dynamically disrupt the overall communication network, which enables cooperative jamming over large scale networks by using a limited number of mobile jammers. C1 [Kan, Zhen; Dixon, Warren E.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Shea, John M.] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Doucette, Emily A.; Curtis, Jess W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Kan, Z (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM kanzhen0322@ufl.edu; jshea@ece.ufl.edu; emily.doucette@us.af.mil; jess.curtis@us.af.mil; wdixon@ufl.edu FU NSF [1217908]; Task Order contract; Air Force Research Laboratory, Munitions Directorate at Eglin AFB FX This research is supported in part by NSF award numbers 1217908 and a Task Order contract with the Air Force Research Laboratory, Munitions Directorate at Eglin AFB. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsoring agency. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4673-8682-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2016 BP 4655 EP 4660 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BG3XW UT WOS:000388376104118 ER PT S AU Fuchs, ZE Casbeer, DW Garcia, E AF Fuchs, Zachariah E. Casbeer, David W. Garcia, Eloy GP IEEE TI Singular Analysis of a Multi-Agent, Turn-Constrained, Defensive Game SO 2016 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUL 06-08, 2016 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Automat Control Council ID DIFFERENTIAL GAME AB We examine a two-team, differential game, which models an active target defense scenario. One team represents an attacking force and consists of a single Attacker. The opposing team represents a defensive force consisting of a high-value Target and a mobile Defender. The Attacker strives to get as close to the Target as possible before it is intercepted by the Defender. Conversely, the defensive team attempts to maneuver so that the Defender intercepts the Attacker as far from the Target as possible. The Attacker and Target move with simple motion, while the Defender has a constrained turn rate. We discuss two types of singular surfaces that appear within the equilibrium solution of this game, namely the universal surface and the dispersal surface. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the characteristics of the equilibrium solutions that interact with these surfaces. C1 [Fuchs, Zachariah E.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Casbeer, David W.; Garcia, Eloy] AFRL, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Fuchs, ZE (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM zachariah.fuchs@wright.edu; david.casbeer@us.af.mil; elgarcia@infoscitex.com NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4673-8682-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2016 BP 4705 EP 4712 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BG3XW UT WOS:000388376104129 ER PT S AU Krishnamoorthy, K Pachter, M AF Krishnamoorthy, K. Pachter, M. GP IEEE TI The Role of Prior and Optimal Team Decision in Binary Classification SO 2016 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUL 06-08, 2016 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Automat Control Council ID CONDORCET JURY THEOREM; N SYSTEMS SUBJECT; 2 KINDS; HIERARCHIES; POLYARCHIES; COMMITTEES; FAILURES AB Optimal team decision making subject to error-prone team members with different capabilities has been studied extensively-particularly in the context of binary classification. The over-arching goal is to correctly classify an object as either being a True Target or a False Target. Each team member comes with pre-specified Type I and II error rates and is asked whether or not he determines the object to be a True Target. Based on the member responses, a collective decision that minimizes the probability of misclassification (or some other suitable metric) is made. This is a widely researched topic, having applications in pattern recognition, organizational decision making, social (dichotomous) choice situations, reliability studies etc.; however, in past work, the obvious connection to information theory is missing. In this work, we establish the optimal team decision rules that minimizes the probability of misclassification, by direct application of Bayesian decision theory. In doing so, we bring out the key role played by the a priori probability (prior) that the object is a True Target. In particular, for a homogeneous team composition, we establish the criteria whence the majority voting scheme is indeed optimal. Whereupon, it immediately follows that the higher the prior, the fewer the number of affirmative votes needed to classify the object as a True Target. C1 [Krishnamoorthy, K.] Infoscitex Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Pachter, M.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Krishnamoorthy, K (reprint author), Infoscitex Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM krishnak@ucla.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4673-8682-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2016 BP 4913 EP 4917 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BG3XW UT WOS:000388376104163 ER PT S AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. GP IEEE TI Assured Satellite Communications: A Minimal-Cost-Variance System Controller Paradigm SO 2016 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUL 06-08, 2016 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Automat Control Council AB This paper begins to bridge theoretical systems control with satellite communications in fundamental ways. In view of satellite system controllers, quality of service of user terminals needs a radically different perspective to reliably maintain a minimum adaptive link margin to account for link state uncertainties. Special emphasis is therefore given to the cost-variance, discrete-time control theory which enables an effective design for reliability to analyze the behavior of Signal-to-Interference-Plus-Noise Ratio (SINR)-based tracking systems. The work further articulates the use of state estimates for terminal power adjustments supported by discrete Kalman filtering with intermittent blockages. Moreover, the recent assessment of multi-access interference protection recommends that terminal powers should continue to be subject to terminal power control output back-off constraints. Lastly, communication rates for terminal reports from active remote terminals to the satellite ground hub can be optimized by means of the model-based triggering events. C1 [Pham, Khanh D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM AFRL.RVSV@kirtland.af.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4673-8682-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2016 BP 6555 EP 6561 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BG3XW UT WOS:000388376106101 ER PT S AU Marzano, FS Milani, L Mattioli, V Magde, KM Brost, GA AF Marzano, Frank S. Milani, Luca Mattioli, Vinia Magde, Kevin M. Brost, George A. GP IEEE TI RETRIEVAL OF PRECIPITATION EXTINCTION USING GROUND-BASED SUN-TRACKING MILLIMETER-WAVE RADIOMETRY SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 10-15, 2016 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, NSSC DE Ground-based radiometry; Sun tracking; Path attenuation; Clouds and precipitation; Millimeter-wave and millimeter-wave frequencies ID MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY; TEMPERATURE; RAINFALL AB Sun-tracking millimeter-wave radiometry exploits the Sun as a beacon source by tracking it along its diurnal ecliptic. The atmospheric brightness temperature is measured by alternately pointing toward-the-Sun and off-the-Sun according to ad hoc switching strategy. By properly developing a retrieval algorithm, we can estimate the atmospheric path attenuation in all-weather conditions. The Langley method, based on elevation-scanning, is proposed to estimate the equivalent brightness temperature of the Sun, which is a critical step for precipitation extinction estimation. An application to available Sun-tracking radiometric measurements at V and W band in Rome (NY, USA) is shown, discussed and compared with the conventional technique using the clear-air approximation of the mean radiative temperature. Results show an appealing potential of Sun-tracking technique in order to exploit millimeter-wave radiometry for atmospheric retrievals even in a cloudy and rainy conditions. C1 [Marzano, Frank S.; Milani, Luca] Sapienza Univ Rome, Rome, Italy. [Mattioli, Vinia] EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany. [Magde, Kevin M.; Brost, George A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Marzano, FS (reprint author), Sapienza Univ Rome, Rome, Italy. FU Air Force Research Laboratory (Rome, NY, USA) under the EOARD-HiRadProp project; Sapienza University of Rome, Italy FX This work has been partially funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory (Rome, NY, USA) under the EOARD-HiRadProp project and by Sapienza University of Rome, Italy. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-5090-3332-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2016 BP 2162 EP 2165 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BG3QG UT WOS:000388114602071 ER PT S AU Humphrey, L Konighofer, B Koenighofer, R Topcu, U AF Humphrey, Laura Koenighofer, Bettina Koenighofer, Robert Topcu, Ufuk BE Bloem, R Arbel, E TI Synthesis of Admissible Shields SO HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE: VERIFICATION AND TESTING, HVC 2016 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Haifa Verification Conference (HVC) CY NOV 14-17, 2016 CL IBM Res Haifa Lab, Haifa, ISRAEL SP IBM, Cadence Design Syst, Mellanox Technologies, Mentor Graph, Qualcomm, Intel HO IBM Res Haifa Lab ID SUPERVISORY CONTROL; INFINITE GAMES AB Shield synthesis is an approach to enforce a set of safety-critical properties of a reactive system at runtime. A shield monitors the system and corrects any erroneous output values instantaneously. The shield deviates from the given outputs as little as it can and recovers to hand back control to the system as soon as possible. This paper takes its inspiration from a case study on mission planning for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in which k-stabilizing shields, which guarantee recovery in a finite time, could not be constructed. We introduce the notion of admissible shields, which improves k-stabilizing shields in two ways: (1) whereas k-stabilizing shields take an adversarial view on the system, admissible shields take a collaborative view. That is, if there is no shield that guarantees recovery within k steps regardless of system behavior, the admissible shield will attempt to work with the system to recover as soon as possible. (2) Admissible shields can handle system failures during the recovery phase. In our experimental results we show that for UAVs, we can generate admissible shields, even when k-stabilizing shields do not exist. C1 [Humphrey, Laura] AFRL, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Koenighofer, Bettina; Koenighofer, Robert] Graz Univ Technol, IAIK, Graz, Austria. [Topcu, Ufuk] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Konighofer, B (reprint author), Graz Univ Technol, IAIK, Graz, Austria. EM bettina.koenighofer@iaik.tugraz.at NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-49052-6; 978-3-319-49051-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 10028 BP 134 EP 151 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-49052-6_9 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BG5WE UT WOS:000389792000009 ER PT S AU Jang, WY Park, J Kakas, G Noyola, M AF Jang, Woo-Yong Park, James Kakas, George Noyola, Michael BE Bruzzone, L Bovolo, F TI Demonstration of Multispectral Target Locator using Collocated RF Antenna/LWIR Joint Sensor System and Datacube SO IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR REMOTE SENSING XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing XXII CY SEP 26-28, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE RF; LWIR; range; azimuth; radar; image; datacube; location ID DATA FUSION AB Recently, we configured RF antennas and a LWIR camera connected to an actuator system to form a collocated sensor system. We also developed a GUI which directly controls both RF and IR systems, azimuth motion, as well as performs post-processing for data integration and location finding. RF range data and LWIR images were collected simultaneously by using our configured sensor system as azimuth was varied from 0 to 70 degrees. Series of collected RF data was transformed into a single 2-D radar image showing range profile of targets against azimuth. For LWIR, data was aligned into a single panoramic image as a function of azimuth by incorporating shift parameters observed in the measurements. Both RF/IR images were then arranged into a 3-D datacube, having azimuth as a common domain, and this datacube directly provided locational information of targets. For demonstration, we successfully located objects such as a corner reflector and a blackbody source under a dark background. In addition, we highlight some additional features available in our sensor system including target classification using both Euclidean and SVM based multi-classifier techniques, and tracking capability for region of interest on moving targets. Future work would be to improve the current system for outdoor measurement to locate distant targets. C1 [Jang, Woo-Yong] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensor APEX, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Jang, Woo-Yong; Park, James; Kakas, George; Noyola, Michael] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jang, WY (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensor APEX, Dayton, OH 45469 USA.; Jang, WY (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0412-4; 978-1-5106-0413-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 10004 AR 100040D DI 10.1117/12.2235350 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BG9FP UT WOS:000393154600012 ER PT S AU Zuraski, SM Fiorino, ST Beecher, EA Figlewski, NM Schmidt, JD McCrae, JE AF Zuraski, Steven M. Fiorino, Steven T. Beecher, Elizabeth A. Figlewski, Nathan M. Schmidt, Jason D. McCrae, Jack E. BE Stein, KU Gonglewski, JD TI Electro-optic testbed utilizing a dynamic range gated Rayleigh beacon for atmospheric turbulence profiling SO OPTICS IN ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION AND ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems XIX CY SEP 28-29, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Rayleigh beacon; atmospheric turbulence; laser guidestar AB The Photometry Analysis and Optical Tracking and Evaluation System (PANOPTES) Quad Axis Telescope is a unique four axis mount Ritchey-Chretien 24 inch telescope capable of tracking objects through the zenith without axes rotation delay (no Dead Zone). This paper describes enhancement components that will be added to the quad axis mount telescope that will enable measurements supporting novel research and field testing focused on 'three-dimensional' characterization of turbulent atmospheres, mitigation techniques, and new sensing modalities. These all support research and operational techniques relating to astronomical imaging and electro-optical propagation though the atmosphere, relative to sub-meter class telescopes in humid, continental environments. This effort uses custom designed and commercial off the shelf hardware; sub-system components discussed will include a wavefront sensor system, a co-aligned beam launch system, and a fiber coupled research laser. The wavefront sensing system is designed with the ability to take measurements from a dynamic altitude adjustable laser beacon scattering spot, a key concept that enables rapid turbulence structure parameter measurements over an altitude varied integrated atmospheric volume. The sub-components are integrated with the overall goal of measuring a height-resolved volumetric profile for the atmospheric turbulence structure parameter at the site, and developing mobile techniques for such measurements. The design concept, component selection, and measurement technique will be discussed in the main sections of this paper. This project is a collaborative effort between the Air Force Research Labs Sensors Directorate and the Air Force Institute of Technology Center for Directed Energy. C1 [Zuraski, Steven M.; Fiorino, Steven T.; McCrae, Jack E.] US Air Force, Ctr Directed Energy AFIT CDE, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Beecher, Elizabeth A.; Figlewski, Nathan M.; Schmidt, Jason D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zuraski, SM (reprint author), US Air Force, Ctr Directed Energy AFIT CDE, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Applied Optimization Inc.; MZA Associates Corporation FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support for this project from Applied Optimization Inc. and MZA Associates Corporation. Their aid in part selection, acquisition, and integration has been instrumental to the success of this project. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0408-7; 978-1-5106-0409-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 10002 AR UNSP 1000207 DI 10.1117/12.2240980 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BG9EU UT WOS:000393152600005 ER PT J AU De Castro, M AF De Castro, Mauricio TI Johann Gregor Mendel: paragon of experimental science SO MOLECULAR GENETICS & GENOMIC MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MENDEL,GREGOR C1 [De Castro, Mauricio] US Air Force, Ctr Med Genet, 81st Med Grp, Biloxi, MS 39530 USA. RP De Castro, M (reprint author), US Air Force, Ctr Med Genet, 81st Med Grp, Biloxi, MS 39530 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2324-9269 J9 MOL GENET GENOM MED JI Mol. Genet. Genom. Med. PD JAN PY 2016 VL 4 IS 1 BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.1002/mgg3.199 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA EJ7NU UT WOS:000393409900001 PM 26788542 ER PT B AU Zeliff, K Bennette, W Ferguson, S AF Zeliff, Kayla Bennette, Walter Ferguson, Scott GP ASME TI MULTI-OBJECTIVE COMPOSITE PANEL OPTIMIZATION USING MACHINE LEARNING CLASSIFIERS AND GENETIC ALGORITHMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2016, VOL 2A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 21-24, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Computers & Informat Engn Div ID DESIGN AB Design spaces that consist of millions or billions of design combinations pose a challenge to current methods for identifying optimal solutions. Complex analyses can also lead to lengthy computation times that further challenge the effectiveness of an algorithm in terms of solution quality and run-time. This work explores combining the design space exploration approach of a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm with different instance-based, statistical, rule-based and ensemble classifiers to reduce the number of unnecessary function evaluations associated with poorly performing designs. Results indicate that introducing a classifier to identify child designs that are likely to push the Pareto frontier toward an optima reduce the number of function calculations by 75-85%, depending on the classifier implemented. C1 [Zeliff, Kayla; Bennette, Walter] Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY USA. [Ferguson, Scott] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Ferguson, S (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM kayla.zeliff@us.af.mil; walter.bennette.1@us.af.mil; scott_ferguson@ncsu.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5010-7 PY 2016 AR UNSP V02AT03A004 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BG9KL UT WOS:000393362900004 ER PT B AU Fuchi, K Buskoh, PR Joo, JJ Reich, GW AF Fuchi, Kazuko Buskoh, Philip R. Joo, James J. Reich, Gregory W. GP ASME TI CONTROL OF RF TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS THROUGH ORIGAMI DESIGN SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2016, VOL 5B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 21-24, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Computers & Informat Engn Div AB The efficient mapping between 2D and 3D spaces offered by origami facilitates the exploration of a vast design space of 3D reconfigurable devices. Many existing origami adaptations for engineering applications assume known folded geometries. However, "what to make" becomes a critical question for design problems where the intuition on the relationship between the geometry and function is limited. This article discusses a systematic design method for folding patterns used to tune electromagnetic performance. Radio frequency transmission characteristics of a frequency selective surface are investigated as an example. The fold stiffness distribution and the embedded actuator locations on a substrate are optimized using the sensitivity information obtained through the electromagnetic analysis in COMSOL. The optimal crease pattern and actuator distribution are used to fold a substrate hosting dipoles of known dimensions. Attaining a smooth optimization process proved to be challenging due to the high sensitivity of the FSS on the dipole orientations. A surrogate optimization problem is solved to achieve a resonant frequency tuning toward a target frequency. C1 [Fuchi, Kazuko; Joo, James J.; Reich, Gregory W.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Buskoh, Philip R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fuchi, Kazuko] Wright State Univ, Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. RP Buskoh, PR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM philip.buskohl.1@us.af.mil FU AFOSR [LRIR 13RQ02COR] FX This research is supported under AFOSR funding, LRIR 13RQ02COR. Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited. Case number: 88ABW-2016-0967 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5016-9 PY 2016 AR V05BT07A018 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BG9KU UT WOS:000393365000018 ER PT B AU Kuhn, M Fuchi, K Bazzan, G Durstock, MJ Joo, JJ Reich, GW Vaia, RA Buskohl, PR AF Kuhn, Michael Fuchi, Kazuko Bazzan, Giorgio Durstock, Michael J. Joo, James J. Reich, Gregory W. Vaia, Richard A. Buskohl, Philip R. GP ASME TI COUPLING OF GEOMETRIC AND MATERIAL STIFFENING MECHANISMS IN ORIGAMI DESIGN SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2016, VOL 5B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 21-24, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Computers & Informat Engn Div AB Origami, the ancient art of paper folding, has recently garnered attention from the scientific community for its capacity for unique 2D - 3D shape change and programmable mechanical properties. Application areas of such properties include packaging, self-assembly, shock absorption and deployable structures. Recent studies have highlighted the role of the folded geometry to regulate the mechanical response of the origami structures, such as the increased compression stiffness of origami tubes or the tunable in-plane stiffness through select inversion of bi-stable fold vertices. In addition to geometric re-enforcement, the mechanical response of an origami structure can also be programmed through spatial patterning of the individual fold line stiffnesses. However, the coupling between the geometric and material stiffening design spaces for origami structures is poorly understood and design rules are needed to guide the use of material stiffening to enhance or mitigate a geometric stiffening effect. In this computational study, a modal analysis of a corrugated fold with varying degrees of pre-fold and different sets of fold stiffness distributions is evaluated to highlight the interaction between geometric and material stiffness mechanisms. C1 [Kuhn, Michael; Bazzan, Giorgio] UES Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. [Fuchi, Kazuko; Joo, James J.; Reich, Gregory W.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fuchi, Kazuko] Wright State Univ, Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Durstock, Michael J.; Vaia, Richard A.; Buskohl, Philip R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Buskohl, PR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM philip.buskohl.1@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [13RQ02COR, 16RXCOR319] FX This research is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). Grant# 13RQ02COR and 16RXCOR319. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5016-9 PY 2016 AR V05BT07A023 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BG9KU UT WOS:000393365000023 ER PT J AU Willke, T AF Willke, Tara TI THREE WRONGS DO NOT MAKE A RIGHT: FEDERAL SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY, THE FERES DOCTRINE, AND THE DENIAL OF CLAIMS BROUGHT BY MILITARY MOTHERS AND THEIR CHILDREN FOR INJURIES SUSTAINED PRE-BIRTH SO WISCONSIN LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES C1 [Willke, Tara] Duquesne Univ, Sch Law, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. [Willke, Tara] US Air Force, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Willke, T (reprint author), Duquesne Univ, Sch Law, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA.; Willke, T (reprint author), US Air Force, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WISCONSIN LAW SCHOOL PI MADISON PA 975 BASCOM MALL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0043-650X EI 1943-1120 J9 WISC LAW REV JI Wis. Law Rev. PY 2016 IS 2 BP 263 EP 286 PG 24 WC Law SC Government & Law GA EJ8NL UT WOS:000393482500002 ER PT J AU Spencer, DA Wang, Y Humphrey, LR AF Spencer, David A. Wang, Yue Humphrey, Laura R. GP IEEE TI Trust-Based Human-Robot Interaction for Multi-Robot Symbolic Motion Planning SO 2016 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS 2016) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) CY OCT 09-14, 2016 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, RSJ DE Symbolic Motion Planning; Human-in-the-Loop; Trust ID AUTOMATION; SYSTEMS AB Symbolic motion planning for robots is the process of specifying and planning robot tasks in a discrete space, then carrying them out in a continuous space in a manner that preserves the discrete-level task specifications. Despite progress in symbolic motion planning, many challenges remain, including addressing scalability for multi-robot systems and improving solutions by incorporating human intelligence in an adaptive fashion. In this paper, we use local communication, observation, control protocols, and compositional reasoning approaches to decompose the planning problem to address scalability. To address solution quality and adaptability, we use a dynamic and computational trust model to aid this decomposition and to implement real-time switching between automated and human motion planning. A simulation is provided demonstrating the successful implementation of these methods. C1 [Spencer, David A.; Wang, Yue] Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Humphrey, Laura R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Spencer, DA (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM daspenc@clemson.edu; yue6@clemson.edu; laura.humphrey@us.af FU AFRL's Summer Faculty Fellowship Program (SFFP); AFOSR YIP FX Work supported by AFRL's Summer Faculty Fellowship Program (SFFP) and AFOSR YIP. Distribution A: Approved for public release, # 88ABW-2015-4071. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-3762-9 PY 2016 BP 1443 EP 1449 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BG7XO UT WOS:000391921701089 ER PT J AU Feng, L Humphrey, L Lee, I Topcu, U AF Feng, Lu Humphrey, Laura Lee, Insup Topcu, Ufuk GP IEEE TI Human-Interpretable Diagnostic Information for Robotic Planning Systems SO 2016 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS 2016) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) CY OCT 09-14, 2016 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, RSJ AB Advances in automation have the potential to reduce the workload required for human planning and execution of missions carried out by robotic systems such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, automation can also result in an increase in system complexity and a corresponding decrease in system transparency, which makes identifying and reasoning about errors in mission plans more difficult. To help explain errors in robotic planning systems, we define a notion of structured probabilistic counterexamples, which provide human-interpretable diagnostic information about requirements violations resulting from complex probabilistic robotic behavior. We propose an approach for generating such counterexamples using mixed integer linear programming and demonstrate the usefulness of our approach via a case study of UAV mission planning demonstrated in the AMASE multi-UAV simulator. C1 [Feng, Lu; Lee, Insup] Univ Penn, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Humphrey, Laura] US Air Force, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Topcu, Ufuk] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Feng, L (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM lufeng@cis.upenn.edu; laura.humphrey@us.af.mil; lee@cis.upenn.edu; utopcu@utexas.edu FU AFOSR [13RQ03COR]; AFRL/RQ [FA8650-15-C-2546]; ONR [N00014-15-IP-00052]; DARPA [FA8750-12-2-0247]; James S. McDonnell Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship FX This work was supported by AFOSR grant # 13RQ03COR, AFRL/RQ contract # FA8650-15-C-2546, ONR grant # N00014-15-IP-00052, DARPA grant # FA8750-12-2-0247, and the James S. McDonnell Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-3762-9 PY 2016 BP 1673 EP 1680 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BG7XO UT WOS:000391921701123 ER PT B AU Marshall, KS Crawford, R Jensen, D AF Marshall, K. Scott Crawford, Richard Jensen, Daniel GP ASME TI Analogy Seeded Mind-Maps: A Comparison of Verbal and Pictorial Representation of Analogies in the Concept Generation Process SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2016, VOL 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 21-24, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Computers & Informat Engn Div ID DESIGN-BY-ANALOGY AB Recent research has investigated methods based on design-by-analogy meant to enhance concept generation. While these analogies can be developed in different ways and can come from many different areas, one of the most common methods is to use key customer needs or key functions as the starting point. One approach uses these key terms to seed a search for grammatically similar words. While these methods are promising, they can be cumbersome and difficult to apply in engineering classrooms or industrial product development settings. This paper presents further evaluation of the Analogy Seeded Mind-Maps method, a new method to prompt generation of analogous solution principles drawn from multiple analogical domains. We randomly select a set of 10-15 words from a graph of grammatically analogical synonyms of a functional design requirement "seed" and populate the first-level nodes of a mind map with the selected textual analogies. This mind-map then serves as a visual tool that is utilized during the concept generation process. The effectiveness of the tool in generating concepts has been evaluated in previous studies. In the current study, we evaluate the effect of substituting pictures for the verbal analogies in the Analogy Seeded Mind-Maps method. The study involved student volunteers who were recruited from a senior-level design methodology course. The students were asked to complete a simple concept generation task (in teams) using either a purely verbal version of the Analogy Seeded Mind-Maps method or the alternative version that relied on pictorial analogies. The results were evaluated for quantity, quality and novelty of the concepts generated using the two methods. Analysis of the results shows that there is a statistically significant difference in the novelty of ideas generated by the two methods, with the pictorial version producing a larger number of novel ideas than the purely verbal version. While the differences in quantity and quality are not statistically significant at the P-Value < 0.05 level, there are differences that approach this level of statistical significance. Further studies are needed to determine if there is any benefit to a method that combines both verbal and pictorial analogies. C1 [Marshall, K. Scott; Crawford, Richard] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Jensen, Daniel] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Marshall, KS (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. FU United Sates Air Force Academy [FA7000-12-2-0005, FA7000-14-2-0003] FX This material is based on research sponsored by the United Sates Air Force Academy under agreement numbers FA7000-12-2-0005 and FA7000-14-2-0003. The US Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the United States Air Force Academy or the US government. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5019-0 PY 2016 AR UNSP V007T06A010 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BG9BO UT WOS:000393001500010 ER PT S AU Knisely, AG Hyde, MW Havrilla, MJ Collins, P AF Knisely, Alexander G. Hyde, Milo W. Havrilla, Michael J. Collins, PeterJ. GP IEEE TI Uniaxial Anisotropic Material Measurement using a Single Port Waveguide Probe SO AMTA 2016 PROCEEDINGS SE AMTA Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Antenna-Measurement-Techniques-Association (AMTA) Conference CY OCT 30-NOV 04, 2016 CL Austin, TX SP Antenna Measurement Tech Assoc AB A single port waveguide probe (SPWP), non-destructive material measurement system is developed to measure uniaxial anisotropic media. A moment method technique employing a uniaxial parallel plate Green's function is used for extracting dielectric material properties. Simulated and measured uniaxial samples are evaluated to judge system performance C1 [Knisely, Alexander G.; Hyde, Milo W.; Havrilla, Michael J.; Collins, PeterJ.] US Air Force, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol AFIT, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM alexander.knisely@afit.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2380-1840 J9 AMTA PROC PY 2016 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG8QW UT WOS:000392649700023 ER PT S AU Stewart, J Wells, B Kakas, G Borger, J Terry, S Petry, J AF Stewart, James Wells, Brittany Kakas, George Borger, John Terry, Sarah Petry, Jarod GP IEEE TI Investigation into Antenna Measurement Quality from a Large Compact Range Operating at Q-Band SO AMTA 2016 PROCEEDINGS SE AMTA Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Antenna-Measurement-Techniques-Association (AMTA) Conference CY OCT 30-NOV 04, 2016 CL Austin, TX SP Antenna Measurement Tech Assoc DE compact range; quiet zone; Q-band; field probe; gain-transfer method; beamforming; angle of arrival AB The utility of a compact range is based, in part, on an acceptable purity of its collimated plane wave generated in a well-defined spatial volume (a.k.a. quiet zone) over a given frequency spectrum. Improvements that broaden the useable frequency spectrum lead to greater utility. This is especially true for a compact range supporting an R&D environment where RF sensor technology is reaching higher and higher into the frequency spectrum. In this paper we investigate performance of the AFRL OneRY Indoor Range in which the upper frequency of operation has been extended from Ku-band to Q-band. Specifically, we analyze field probe data and antenna pattern data to determine measurement quality. Field probe results derived from uniform linear RF sampling in the quiet zone are assessed in terms of taper and ripple metrics for both amplitude and phase. This data is also processed into beamforming representation and compared against a predicted pattern generated using an ideal plane wave. The quality of antenna pattern data is then assessed through two types of measurements. Firstly, antenna gain calibration accuracy is examined by employing a method we coined the dual reference antenna diagnostic. Similar to a dual cylinder calibration employed as a RCS measurement quality assessment, the dual reference antenna approach measures the gain of two different antennas that each has an associated calibration table. Secondly, azimuth pattern measurements are evaluated in regards to dynamic range and null depths. The paper ends with a discussion on planned follow-on efforts to improve measurement capabilities. C1 [Stewart, James; Wells, Brittany; Kakas, George; Borger, John] US Air Force, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Terry, Sarah] Riverside Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH USA. [Petry, Jarod] Def Engn Corp, Beavercreek, OH USA. EM james.stewart.64@us.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2380-1840 J9 AMTA PROC PY 2016 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG8QW UT WOS:000392649700003 ER PT J AU Jessen, GH Schuette, M Leedy, K Crespo, A Donigan, T Green, A Walker, D Tetlak, S Sutherlin, K AF Jessen, Gregg Huascar Schuette, Michael Leedy, Kevin Crespo, Antonio Donigan, Thomas Green, Andrew Walker, Dennis, Jr. Tetlak, Stephen Sutherlin, Karynn GP IEEE TI Scalability of Zinc Oxide Thin-Film Transistors for RF Amplifiers and DC Switch Applications SO 2016 COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR WEEK (CSW) INCLUDES 28TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIUM PHOSPHIDE & RELATED MATERIALS (IPRM) & 43RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS (ISCS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Conference on Indium Phosphide & Related Materials (IPRM) / 43rd International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors (ISCS) CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Toyama, JAPAN C1 [Jessen, Gregg Huascar; Schuette, Michael; Leedy, Kevin; Crespo, Antonio; Donigan, Thomas; Walker, Dennis, Jr.; Tetlak, Stephen; Sutherlin, Karynn] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Green, Andrew] Wyle, Beverly Hills, CA USA. RP Jessen, GH (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-1964-9 PY 2016 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG8HP UT WOS:000392285400280 ER PT S AU Lu, C Kaspi, R Newell, T Yang, C Luong, S Gianardi, D AF Lu, Chunte Kaspi, Ron Newell, Tim Yang, Chi Luong, Sun Gianardi, Don GP IEEE TI Molecular Beam Epitaxial Growth of 3 mu m Mid-wave Infrared Laser using InGaAsSb/AlInAsSb Quantum Well Structure SO 2016 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR LASER CONFERENCE (ISLC) SE IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Semiconductor Laser Conference (ISLC) CY SEP 12-15, 2016 CL Kobe, JAPAN DE mid-wave infrared semiconductor laser; molecular beam epitaxial growth AB We report the experimental results of growth and characterization of InGaAsSblAlInAsSb quantum well laser structure. The epitaxial structure was grown using molecular beam epitaxy system on GaSb substrate and characterized using a 2 mu m pump source. We observed 3.1 mu m laser emission at 200K and 2. 98 mu m laser emission near 100K. C1 [Lu, Chunte; Kaspi, Ron; Newell, Tim; Yang, Chi; Luong, Sun; Gianardi, Don] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Lu, C (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. FU Air Force Office Scientific Research FX We thankfully acknowledge the Air Force Office Scientific Research for providing funding. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2326-5442 BN 978-4-8855-2306-9 J9 IEEE INT SEMICONDUCT PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BG8DS UT WOS:000392249800083 ER PT S AU Sigler, C Boyle, C Kirch, JD Lindberg, D Earles, T Myers, J Bedford, R Botez, D Mawst, LJ AF Sigler, C. Boyle, C. Kirch, J. D. Lindberg, D., III Earles, T. Myers, J. Bedford, R. Botez, D. Mawst, L. J. GP IEEE TI 4.7 mu m-Emitting Leaky-Wave-Coupled Quantum Cascade Laser Phase-Locked Array SO 2016 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR LASER CONFERENCE (ISLC) SE IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Semiconductor Laser Conference (ISLC) CY SEP 12-15, 2016 CL Kobe, JAPAN DE Quantum Cascade Lasers; MOCVD; phase-locked array AB Phase-locking, via leaky-wave coupling, offive 4.7 mu m-emitting quantum cascade lasers is demonstrated for coherent-power scaling. Non-resonant devices fabricated by two-step MOCVD operate in a mixture of in-phase and out-of-phase modes to 3.85 W peak pulsed output power. Design analysis shows pure in-phase-mode operation under resonant-coupling occurs for optimized devices. C1 [Sigler, C.; Boyle, C.; Kirch, J. D.; Botez, D.; Mawst, L. J.] Univ Wisconsin, ECE Dept, 1415 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lindberg, D., III; Earles, T.] Intraband LLC, 200 N Prospect Ave, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Myers, J.; Bedford, R.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mawst, LJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, ECE Dept, 1415 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mawst@engr.wisc.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-13-2-1616]; Navy STTR [N68335-15-C-0073] FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Grant FA8650-13-2-1616 and Navy STTR N68335-15-C-0073 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2326-5442 BN 978-4-8855-2306-9 J9 IEEE INT SEMICONDUCT PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BG8DS UT WOS:000392249800037 ER PT S AU Chadid, M Vernin, J Abe, L Agabi, A Jumper, GY Preston, CW Sneden, C Liu, LY Yao, YQ Wang, HS Aristidi, E Rivet, JP Carbillet, M Giordano, C Bondoux, E Moggio, L Trinquet, H AF Chadid, M. Vernin, J. Abe, L. Agabi, A. Jumper, G. -Y. Preston, C. -W Sneden, Ch. Liu, L. -Y. Yao, Y. -Q. Wang, H. -S. Aristidi, E. Rivet, J. -P Carbillet, M. Giordano, Ch Bondoux, E. Moggio, L. Trinquet, H. CA PAIX Team BE Evans, CJ Simard, L Takami, H TI Opening a New Window on the Southern Stars for less money PAIX the First Antarctica Polar Mission Photometer SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VI CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE Antarctica; South Pole; DomeC; Polar Mission; PAIX; Stellar Physics; Pulsation and Dynamics; Large Observation Survey ID RR LYRAE STARS; DOME-C; TURBULENCE; SCIDAR AB In this invited paper, we implement a new way to study the stellar oscillations, pulsations and their evolutionary properties with long uninterrupted and continuous precision observations over 150 days from the ground, and without the regular interruptions imposed by the earth rotation. PAIX-First Robotic Antarctica Polar Mission-gives a new insight to cope with unresolved stellar enigma and stellar oscillation challenges and offers a great opportunity to benefit from an access to the best astronomical site on Earth -DomeC-. The project is made of low cost commercial components, and achieves astrophysical measurement time-series of stellar physics fields, challenging photometry from space that shows large gaps in terms of flexibility during the observing runs, the choice of targets, the repair of failures and the inexorable high costs. PAIX has yet more advantages than space missions in observing in UBV RI bands and then collecting unprecedented simultaneous multicolor light curves of several targets. We give a brief history of the Astronomy in Antarctica and describe the first polar robotized mission PAIX and the outcome of stellar physics from the heart of Antarctica during several polar nights. We briefly discuss our first results and perspectives on the pulsating stars and its evolution from Antarctica, especially the connection between temporal hydrodynamic phenomena and cyclic modulations. Finally, we highlight the impact of PAIX on the stellar physics study and the remaining challenges to successfully accomplish the Universe explorations under extreme conditions. C1 [Chadid, M.; Vernin, J.; Abe, L.; Agabi, A.; Aristidi, E.; Rivet, J. -P; Carbillet, M.; Bondoux, E.] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Observ Cote Azur, UNIR 7293, Parc Valrose, F-06108 Nice 02, France. [Jumper, G. -Y.] US Air Force Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Preston, C. -W] Carnegie Observ, 813 Santa Barbara St, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Sneden, Ch.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, RLM 15308, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Sneden, Ch.] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Liu, L. -Y.; Yao, Y. -Q.; Wang, H. -S.] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, 20A Datun Rd, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Giordano, Ch] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, Largo E Fermi 5, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Moggio, L.] Univ Trento, Via Calepina 14, I-38122 Trento, Italy. [Trinquet, H.] DGA Matrise Informat, BP 7, F-35998 Rennes Armees, France. [PAIX Team] TAAF, Antarctica Res Stn, South Pole, NJ USA. RP Chadid, M (reprint author), Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Observ Cote Azur, UNIR 7293, Parc Valrose, F-06108 Nice 02, France. EM chadid@unice.fr NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0196-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9908 AR 99080T DI 10.1117/12.2232612 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BG7NF UT WOS:000391509100021 ER PT S AU Zhdanov, BV Rotondaro, MD Shaffer, MK Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, B. V. Rotondaro, M. D. Shaffer, M. K. Knize, R. J. BE Ackermann, H Bohn, WL Titterton, DH TI Thermal effects in Cs DPAL and alkali cell window damage SO HIGH-POWER LASERS 2016: TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Lasers - Technology and Systems CY SEP 28-29, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE ID VAPOR LASER AB Experiments on power scaling of Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers (DPALs) revealed some limiting parasitic effects such as alkali cell windows and gain medium contamination and damage, output power degradation in time and others causing lasing efficiency decrease or even stop lasing(1). These problems can be connected with thermal effects, ionization, chemical interactions between the gain medium components and alkali cells materials. Study of all these and, possibly, other limiting effects and ways to mitigate them is very important for high power DPAL development. In this talk we present results of our experiments on temperature measurements in the gain medium of operating Cs DPAL at different pump power levels in the range from lasing threshold to the levels causing damage of the alkali cell windows. For precise contactless in situ temperature measurements, we used an interferometric technique, developed in our lab(2). In these experiments we demonstrated that damage of the lasing alkali cell starts in the bulk with thermal breakdown of the hydrocarbon buffer gas. The degradation processes start at definite critical temperatures of the gain medium, different for each mixture of buffer gas. At this critical temperature, the hydrocarbon and the excited alkali metal begin to react producing the characteristic black soot and, possibly, some other chemical compounds, which both harm the laser performance and significantly increase the harmful heat deposition within the laser medium. This soot, being highly absorptive, is catastrophically heated to very high temperatures that visually observed as bulk burning. This process quickly spreads to the cell windows and causes their damage. As a result, the whole cell is also contaminated with products of chemical reactions. The detailed measurement of these critical temperatures for different alkali metals and different buffer gas mixtures can allow for a DPAL design that, when operated, does not achieve the critical temperatures at which thermal breakdown occurs. C1 [Zhdanov, B. V.; Rotondaro, M. D.; Shaffer, M. K.; Knize, R. J.] US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Usaf Acad, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Usaf Acad, CO 80840 USA. EM Boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu FU High Energy Lasers Joint Technology Office; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We acknowledge support of the High Energy Lasers Joint Technology Office and Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0385-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9990 AR 99900C DI 10.1117/12.2242166 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG8QC UT WOS:000392624600002 ER PT S AU Torres, D Wang, TY Zhang, J Dooley, S Tan, XB Sepulveda, N AF Torres, David Wang, Tongyu Zhang, Jun Dooley, Sarah Tan, Xiaobo Sepulveda, Nelson GP ASME TI EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE DYNAMICS OF VO2-BASED MEMS MIRRORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, 2016, VOL 1 SE Proceedings of the ASME Conference on Smart Materials Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems CY SEP 28-30, 2016 CL Stowe, VT SP ASME, Aerosp Div ID VANADIUM DIOXIDE; PROJECTION DISPLAY; TRANSITION AB In this work, the time and frequency response of VO2-based MEMS mirrors are characterized across the transition for individual and simultaneous actuation. First, a step input train of increasing amplitude are applied to the device up to the point of transition is reached. Second, the frequency response is measured by applying a small sinusoidal input, where the displacement remained inside the hysteresis of the VO2. The frequency of the input varied from 0.1 to 2000 Hz. The thermal dynamics of the device is found to be the factor limiting the device's bandwidth to less than 10 Hz. The average resonant frequency of the present VO2-based MEMS mirror was found to be 412.5 Hz for individual actuation. These results allow for the extraction of the necessary parameters to create a model that can be used to design devices with specific dynamic performance. C1 [Torres, David; Wang, Tongyu; Tan, Xiaobo; Sepulveda, Nelson] Michigan State Univ, ECE Dept, E Lansing, MI 48840 USA. [Zhang, Jun] Univ Calif San Diego, ECE Dept, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Dooley, Sarah] AFRL, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Torres, D (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, ECE Dept, E Lansing, MI 48840 USA. EM torresd5@egr.msu.edu; wangton3@msu.edu; j5zhang@ucsd.edu; sarah.dooley@us.af.mil; xbtan@egr.msu.edu; nelsons@egr.msu.edu FU National Science Foundation [ECCS 1306311, CMMI 1301243] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of Dr. John L. Ebel for helpful discussions and technical assistance at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH. The fabrication of the MEMS Mirror was partially done at the Lurie Nanofabrication Facility at University of Michigan. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant ECCS 1306311 and Grant CMMI 1301243. Device development was made possible by a cooperative research and development agreement (CRADA No. 15-075-RY-01) between AFRLs Sensors Directorate (AFRL/RY) and Michigan State University. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 2153-2001 BN 978-0-7918-5048-0 J9 PROC ASME CONF SMART PY 2016 AR V001T02A005 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BG8KA UT WOS:000392361000024 ER PT S AU Moosavian, A Gamble, LL Pankonien, AM Inman, DJ AF Moosavian, Amin Gamble, Lawren L. Pankonien, Alexander M. Inman, Daniel J. GP ASME TI BIO-INSPIRED COUPLING OF CAMBER AND SWEEP IN MORPHING WINGS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, 2016, VOL 2 SE Proceedings of the ASME Conference on Smart Materials Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems CY SEP 28-30, 2016 CL Stowe, VT SP ASME, Aerosp Div AB This work aims to investigate how bio-inspired morphing wings built with state-of-the-art materials affect the aerodynamics and extend the range of flight conditions. In particular, this study investigates the aerodynamic effects of coupled airfoil and planform sweep morphing. The morphed geometries were chosen to resemble a current morphing design that uses Macro Fiber Composites (MFCs) and Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires. The primary mode of camber actuation is achieved using the MFCs which are supplemented using antagonistic SMA wires, forming a hinge ahead of the MFCs. The SMA hinge also allows for bi-directional actuation, resulting in a reflexed airfoil. Numerical simulations were conducted using a Reynolds-averaged-Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence model for low Reynolds-number flow, in addition to wind tunnel experiments. Nine different wing configurations were considered consisting of combinations of 3 sweep angles and 3 airfoil profiles, including unactuated (baseline), monotonic camber actuation, and reflex actuation. These geometries were 3D printed on a high resolution printer. Tests were conducted in a 2 ft. x 2 ft. wind tunnel at the University of Michigan at a flow speed of 10 m/s, consistent with the flow regime expected for this scale of aircraft. The preliminary results suggest a definite improvement in flight performance associated with the proposed coupling. C1 [Moosavian, Amin; Gamble, Lawren L.; Inman, Daniel J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Pankonien, Alexander M.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Moosavian, A (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM amoosavi@umich.edu; Ilgamble@umich.edu; alexander.pankonien.ctr@us.af.mil; daninman@umich.edu FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-16-1-0087]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) FX This work was supported in part by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant number FA9550-16-1-0087, titled "Avian-Inspired Multifunctional Morphing Vehicles" monitored by Dr. B.L. Lee, and in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 2153-2001 BN 978-0-7918-5049-7 J9 PROC ASME CONF SMART PY 2016 AR V002T06A007 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG8KC UT WOS:000392361800039 ER PT S AU Schmit, RF Johnson, R Grove, J AF Schmit, Ryan F. Johnson, Rudy Grove, James GP ASME TI BOUNDARY CONDITION EFFECTS ON SUPERSONIC RECTANGULAR CAVITIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMER MEETING, 2016, VOL 1B SE ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY JUL 10-14, 2016 CL Washington, DC SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div AB Traditionally, in rectangular cavity research the fundamental physical understanding of cavity resonance is a handful of empirical equations. The authors have recently derived the cavity acoustic wave equation and the cavity hydrodynamic wave equation from Lighthill's and Curle's acoustic analogy wave equations. By changing the cavities boundary conditions with half span doors, in both doors open and one door closed configurations, the resulting pressure spectrum changes are attributable to the boundary condition changes and can capture the large frequency shift differences due to the door configuration changes. These results suggest these derived cavity wave equations are correct. C1 [Schmit, Ryan F.; Johnson, Rudy; Grove, James] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schmit, RF (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1093-4928 BN 978-0-7918-5029-9 J9 ASME FLUID ENG DIV PY 2016 AR V01BT14A003 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BG8JT UT WOS:000392355300003 ER PT J AU Fabbri, C Sattar, J AF Fabbri, Cameron Sattar, Junaed GP IEEE TI SMARTTALK: A Learning-based Framework for Natural Human-Robot Interaction SO 2016 13TH CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER AND ROBOT VISION (CRV) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference on Computer and Robot Vision (CRV) CY JUN 01-03, 2016 CL Victoria, CANADA SP Canadian Image Proc & Pattern Recognit Soc, Assoc Canadienne Traitement Images Reconnaissance Formes ID DIALOGUE; LANGUAGE AB This paper presents a learning-based framework named SMARTTALK for natural-language human-robot interaction (HRI). The primary goal of this framework is to enable non-expert users to control and program a mobile robot using natural language commands. SMARTTALK is modality-agnostic, and is capable of integrating with both speech and non-speech (e.g., gesture-based) communication. Initially, robots using this mechanism are equipped with a limited vocabulary of primitive commands and functionality; however, through extended use and interaction, the robots are able to learn new commands and adapt to user's behaviors and habits. This makes the proposed framework highly desirable for long-term deployment in a variety of HRI tasks. We present the design of this framework and experimental data on a number of realistic scenarios to evaluate its performance. A qualitative experiment on a robotic platform is also presented. C1 [Fabbri, Cameron] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Sattar, Junaed] Univ Minnesota, Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Fabbri, C (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM cameron.fabbri@us.af.mil; junaed@cs.umn.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2491-9 PY 2016 BP 376 EP 382 DI 10.1109/CRV.2016.67 PG 7 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BG7ZQ UT WOS:000392125600051 ER PT S AU Liu, J Li, HB Himed, B AF Liu, Jun Li, Hongbin Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Exploiting Persymmetry for Adaptive Detection in Distributed MIMO Radar SO 2016 24TH EUROPEAN SIGNAL PROCESSING CONFERENCE (EUSIPCO) SE European Signal Processing Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2016 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP European Assoc Signal Proc DE Adaptive detection; multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar; persymmetry ID PARTIALLY-HOMOGENEOUS ENVIRONMENT; ALGORITHM; ANTENNAS; CLUTTER; GLRT AB We consider the adaptive detection problem in colored Gaussian noise with unknown persymmetric covariance matrix in a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar with spatially dispersed antennas. To this end, a set of secondary data for each transmit-receive pair is assumed to be available. MIMO versions of the persymmetric generalized likelihood ratio test (MIMO-PGLRT) detector and the persymmetric sampler matrix inversion (MIMO-PSMI) detector are proposed. Compared to the MIMO-PGLRT detector, the MIMO-PSMI detector has a simple form and is computationally more efficient. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate that the proposed two detection algorithms can significantly alleviate the requirement of the amount of secondary data, and allow for a noticeable improvement in detection performance. C1 [Liu, Jun; Li, Hongbin] Stevens Inst Technol, ECE Dept, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Himed, Braham] AFRL, RF Technol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Liu, Jun] Xidian Univ, Natl Lab Radar Signal Proc, Xian 710071, Peoples R China. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, ECE Dept, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA.; Liu, J (reprint author), Xidian Univ, Natl Lab Radar Signal Proc, Xian 710071, Peoples R China. EM jun_liu_math@hotmail.com; hongbin.li@stevens.edu; braham.himed@us.af.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2076-1465 BN 978-0-9928-6265-7 J9 EUR SIGNAL PR CONF PY 2016 BP 2091 EP 2095 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG7XB UT WOS:000391891900395 ER PT S AU Stinco, P Greco, MS Gini, F Himed, B AF Stinco, Pietro Greco, Maria S. Gini, Fulvio Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Cognitive Tracking in IEEE 802.22 Symbiotic Radars SO 2016 24TH EUROPEAN SIGNAL PROCESSING CONFERENCE (EUSIPCO) SE European Signal Processing Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO) CY AUG 28-SEP 02, 2016 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP European Assoc Signal Proc DE Cognitive Tracking; Cognitive Radio; Passive Radar; Symbiotic Radar; IEEE 802.22; ComRadE system ID CRAMER-RAO BOUNDS; SELECTION AB This paper focuses on a Symbiotic Radar, that is a Passive Radar which is an integral part of a communication network. The Symbiotic Radar exploits the signals of opportunity emitted by the Base Station (BS) and the Customer Premise Equipments (CPE) of an IEEE 802.22 WRAN. The radar is linked to the BS and suggests the best CPEs that must be scheduled to transmit. This selection is performed by a cognitive passive tracking algorithm that exploits the feedback information contained in the target state prediction to improve the tracking performance. The proposed algorithm has been designed with the consideration that the communication capabilities of the whole network must be preserved. C1 [Stinco, Pietro; Greco, Maria S.; Gini, Fulvio] Univ Pisa, Dept Ingn Informaz, Pisa, Italy. [Himed, Braham] US Air Force, Res Lab, RF Technol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stinco, P (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Dept Ingn Informaz, Pisa, Italy. EM pietro.stino@iet.unipi.it; maria.greco@iet.unipi.it; fulvio.gini@iet.unipi.it; braham.himed@us.af.mil OI Greco, Maria/0000-0002-3804-2949 FU EOARD [FA8655-13-1-3011] FX This work is partially funded by EOARD grant FA8655-13-1-3011 on "Waveform Diversity and Frequency Sharing Techniques for Cognitive Radar Systems". NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2076-1465 BN 978-0-9928-6265-7 J9 EUR SIGNAL PR CONF PY 2016 BP 2211 EP 2214 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG7XB UT WOS:000391891900490 ER PT S AU Anderson, B Flores, A Dajani, I AF Anderson, Brian Flores, Angel Dajani, Iyad GP IEEE TI Enhanced Psuedo-Random Phase Modulation for High Power Fiber Amplifiers SO 2016 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 05-10, 2016 CL San Jose, CA AB A low-pass filter is used to suppress the high-frequency components of a PRBS signal and is used to modulate a fiber amplifier. Notably, the coherence length and SBS threshold of a kilowatt-class amplifier are increased. C1 [Anderson, Brian; Flores, Angel; Dajani, Iyad] US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Anderson, B (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-9435-8011-8 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BG7HE UT WOS:000391286402313 ER PT S AU Guha, S Barnes, JO Wei, J Schunemann, PG AF Guha, Shekhar Barnes, Jacob O. Wei, Jean Schunemann, Peter G. GP IEEE TI Second Harmonic Generation of a Tunable Continuous-Wave Carbon Dioxide Laser using Orientation-Patterned Gallium Phosphide SO 2016 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 05-10, 2016 CL San Jose, CA AB First demonstration of frequency doubling of a continuous-wave carbon dioxide laser using hydride vapor phase epitaxy grown orientation-patterned gallium phosphide is reported. Temperature dependence of second harmonic power was determined. C1 [Guha, Shekhar; Barnes, Jacob O.; Wei, Jean] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Barnes, Jacob O.; Wei, Jean] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Schunemann, Peter G.] BAE Syst, Nashua, NH USA. RP Guha, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shekhar.guha@us.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-9435-8011-8 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BG7HE UT WOS:000391286403278 ER PT S AU Haefner, JW Usechak, NG AF Haefner, Joseph W. Usechak, Nicholas G. GP IEEE TI Rigorous Characterization and Analysis of the Operating States in a Passively Mode-Locked Fiber Laser SO 2016 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 05-10, 2016 CL San Jose, CA AB This work experimentally investigates the full spectrum of operational regimes that exist in a standard nonlinear polarization-rotation-based mode-locked fiber ring laser in order to understand and ultimately control these states within the cavity. C1 [Haefner, Joseph W.; Usechak, Nicholas G.] Air Force Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haefner, JW (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM joseph.haefner.3@us.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-9435-8011-8 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BG7HE UT WOS:000391286403274 ER PT S AU Halls, BR Jiang, NB Thul, DJ Slipchenko, MN Roy, S Meyer, TR Gord, JR AF Halls, Benjamin R. Jiang, Naibo Thul, Daniel J. Slipchenko, Mikhail N. Roy, Sukesh Meyer, Terrence R. Gord, James R. GP IEEE TI High-Speed, Three-Dimensional Tomographic Imaging of Concentration Fields in Turbulent Flows SO 2016 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 05-10, 2016 CL San Jose, CA AB Three-dimensional concentration fields are demonstrated using tomographic reconstruction of volumetrically illuminated turbulent flows at 20 kHz. High-speed intensified cameras coupled with vertical stereoscopes collect fourteen simultaneous views of acetone fluorescence. C1 [Halls, Benjamin R.; Gord, James R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jiang, Naibo; Thul, Daniel J.; Slipchenko, Mikhail N.; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies L1C, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Meyer, Terrence R.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Halls, BR (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM hallsbenjamin@gmail.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-9435-8011-8 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BG7HE UT WOS:000391286400171 ER PT S AU Reed, JM Ferdinandus, MR Kinsey, N DeVault, C Guler, U Shalaev, VM Boltasseva, A Urbas, A AF Reed, Jennifer M. Ferdinandus, Manuel R. Kinsey, Nathaniel DeVault, Clayton Guler, Urcan Shalaev, Vladimir M. Boltasseva, Alexandra Urbas, Augustine GP IEEE TI Transient Nonlinear Refraction Measurements of Titanium Nitride Thin Films SO 2016 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 05-10, 2016 CL San Jose, CA AB Using the highly sensitive optical beam deflection method, the transient nonlinear refraction of thin film titanium nitride is measured. The results show a large negative instantaneous nonlinearity, followed by a long lived positive decay. C1 [Reed, Jennifer M.; Ferdinandus, Manuel R.; Urbas, Augustine] US Air Force, Res Lab, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ferdinandus, Manuel R.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kinsey, Nathaniel; DeVault, Clayton; Shalaev, Vladimir M.; Boltasseva, Alexandra] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, 1205 West State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Guler, Urcan] Nanometa Technol, 1281 Win Hentschel Blvd, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RP Reed, JM (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jenniferreed@knights.ucf.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-9435-8011-8 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BG7HE UT WOS:000391286400507 ER PT S AU Vella, JH Makri, E Goldsmith, JH Browning, AT Limberopoulos, NI Vitebskiy, I Kottos, T AF Vella, Jarrett H. Makri, Eleana Goldsmith, John H. Browning, Andrew T. Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Vitebskiy, Ilya Kottos, Tsampikos GP IEEE TI Experimental Realization of a Reflective Optical Limiter SO 2016 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 05-10, 2016 CL San Jose, CA ID SEMICONDUCTORS AB We report the first realization of a reflective optical limiter, which transmits low-level radiation while offering broadband reflection for high-intensity beams. The design consists of a nonlinear lossy defect embedded in a multilayer photonic structure. C1 [Vella, Jarrett H.; Goldsmith, John H.; Browning, Andrew T.; Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Vitebskiy, Ilya] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Makri, Eleana; Kottos, Tsampikos] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Goldsmith, John H.] Wyle, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Browning, Andrew T.] SelectTech Serv Corp, Centerville, OH 45433 USA. RP Makri, E (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. EM emakri@wesleyan.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-9435-8011-8 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BG7HE UT WOS:000391286401124 ER PT J AU Njilla, LL Ouete, HN Doungwa, DK AF Njilla, Laurent L. Ouete, Harold N. Doungwa, Dean K. GP IEEE TI Monitoring Colluding Behavior in MANETs using Game Theory SO 2016 IEEE 21ST INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON COMPUTER AIDED MODELLING AND DESIGN OF COMMUNICATION LINKS AND NETWORKS (CAMAD) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE International Workshop on Computer Aided Modelling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD) CY OCT 23-25, 2016 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc AB Prevalent concerns with dynamic networks typically involve security. Especially with resource constraints in dynamic networks such as mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs), security needs to be of particular consideration. This is part of the implementation used in IEEE Syscon2016 [1]. In this demo paper, we present the solution concept involved in tracking collusion behavior in MANETs, by considering the possibility of having some group of nodes exhibiting malicious behavior and colluding to subvert the MANET. In a MANET, the availability of having data packets forwarded may be insubstantial due to the presence of selfish nodes. Nodes may not want to participate in the network to preserve their own resources. We model a packet-forwarding problem with a negotiation game, where an arbitrator acts as a cluster head and initiates a bargaining game. We simulate the effect of the coalition of malicious nodes in a mobile environment. C1 [Njilla, Laurent L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Cyber Assurance Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Ouete, Harold N.; Doungwa, Dean K.] Univ Douala, Math & Comp Sci, Douala, Cameroon. RP Njilla, LL (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Cyber Assurance Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM Laurent.njilla@us.af.mil; OueteHaroldo@gmail.com; Doungwadeank@gmail.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2558-9 PY 2016 BP 152 EP 153 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG7PN UT WOS:000391562900028 ER PT J AU Machovina, BL Feeley, KJ Machovina, BJ AF Machovina, Brian L. Feeley, Kenneth J. Machovina, Brett J. TI UAV remote sensing of spatial variation in banana production SO CROP & PASTURE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE crop productivity; Musa; NDVI ID PRECISION AGRICULTURE; PLANT STRESS; YIELD; IMAGERY; CROP; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; COTTON AB Remote sensing through Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) can potentially be used to identify the factors influencing agricultural yield and thereby increase production efficiency. The use of UAV remains largely underutilised in tropical agricultural systems. In this study we tested a fixed-wing UAV system equipped with a sensor system for mapping spatial patterns of photosynthetic activity in banana plantations in Costa Rica. Spatial patterns derived from the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were compared with spatial patterns of physical soil quality and banana fruit production data. We found spatial patterns of NDVI were significantly positively correlated with spatial patterns of several metrics of fruit yield and quality: bunch weight, number of hands per bunch, length of largest finger, and yield. NDVI was significantly negatively correlated with banana loss (discarded due to low quality). Spatial patterns of NDVI were not correlated with spatial patterns of physical soil quality. These results indicate that UAV systems can be used in banana plantations to help map patterns of fruit quality and yield, potentially aiding investigations of spatial patterns of underlying factors affecting production and thereby helping to increase agricultural efficiency. C1 [Machovina, Brian L.; Feeley, Kenneth J.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Machovina, Brian L.; Feeley, Kenneth J.] Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Coral Gables, FL 33156 USA. [Machovina, Brett J.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Econ & Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Machovina, BL (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA.; Machovina, BL (reprint author), Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Coral Gables, FL 33156 USA. EM brianmachovina@gmail.com FU Dole Food Company, Inc. FX This research was funded by Dole Food Company, Inc. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1836-0947 EI 1836-5795 J9 CROP PASTURE SCI JI Crop Pasture Sci. PY 2016 VL 67 IS 12 BP 1281 EP 1287 DI 10.1071/CP16135 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA EH5PA UT WOS:000391824000006 ER PT J AU Braaten, BD Anagnostou, DE AF Braaten, Benjamin D. Anagnostou, Dimitris E. TI Guest Editorial Special Cluster on Conformal Antennas and Arrays From New Advanced Materials SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Braaten, Benjamin D.] North Dakota State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Anagnostou, Dimitris E.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Anagnostou, Dimitris E.] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Rapid City, SD USA. [Anagnostou, Dimitris E.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Anagnostou, Dimitris E.] Democritus Univ Thrace, Xanthi, Greece. [Anagnostou, Dimitris E.] Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Signals Sensors & Syst, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Anagnostou, Dimitris E.] ASEE, Bridgeport, CT USA. [Anagnostou, Dimitris E.] Tech Chamber Greece, Athens, Greece. RP Braaten, BD (reprint author), North Dakota State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 EI 1548-5757 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2016 VL 15 BP 1917 EP 1918 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2016.2630180 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA EH4EZ UT WOS:000391725600001 ER PT J AU Banks, HT Catenacci, J Criner, A AF Banks, H. T. Catenacci, Jared Criner, Amanda TI Quantifying the degradation in thermally treated ceramic matrix composites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS AND MECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics (ISEM) CY SEP 15-18, 2015 CL JAPAN SP Kobe Univ, Org Adv Sci & Technol, Japan Soc Maintenol, Japan Soc Appl Electromagnet & Mech, Tateisi Sci & Technol Fdn DE Ceramic matrix composites; prohorov metric; reflectance spectroscopy; uncertainty quantification ID UNCERTAINTY; SILICA AB Reflectance spectroscopy obtained from thermally treated silicon nitride carbon based ceramic matrix composites is used to quantity the oxidation products SiO2 and SiN. The data collection is described in detail in order to point out the potential biasing present in the data processing. A probability distribution is imposed on selected model parameters, and then non-parametrically estimated. A non-parametric estimation is chosen since the exact composition of the material is unknown due to the inherent heterogeneity of ceramic composites. The probability distribution is estimated using the Prohorov metric framework in which the infinite dimensional optimization is reduced to a finite dimensional optimization using an approximating space composed of linear splines. A weighted least squares estimation is carried out, and uncertainty quantification is performed on the model parameters, including a piecewise asymptotic confidence band for the estimated probability density. Our estimation results indicate a distinguishable increase in the SiO2 present in the samples which were heat treated for 100 hours compared to those treated for 10 hours. C1 [Banks, H. T.; Catenacci, Jared] North Carolina State Univ, Ctr Res Sci Computat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Criner, Amanda] US Air Force, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Banks, HT (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Ctr Res Sci Computat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM htbanks@ncsu.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR FA9550-12-1-0188, AFOSR FA9550-15-1-0298]; AFOSR-UDRI [RSCI5002] FX This research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant numbers AFOSR FA9550-12-1-0188, AFOSR FA9550-15-1-0298 and AFOSR-UDRI Contract RSCI5002. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5416 EI 1875-8800 J9 INT J APPL ELECTROM JI Int. J. Appl. Electromagn. Mech. PY 2016 VL 52 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 24 DI 10.3233/JAE-162168 PG 22 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA EH7PV UT WOS:000391965800002 ER PT S AU Carvalho, M Eskridge, TC Atighetchi, M Paltzer, N AF Carvalho, Marco Eskridge, Thomas C. Atighetchi, Michael Paltzer, Nicholas GP IEEE TI Semi-automated Wrapping of Defenses (SAWD) for Cyber Command and Control SO MILCOM 2016 - 2016 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 01-03, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, AFCEA, IEEE Commun Soc DE Computer Security; Moving Target Defense; Cyber Command and Control AB In this paper we introduce SAWD, a semi-automated approach for wrapping dynamic and moving target cyber defenses for cyber command and control operations. SAWD provides an interactive user interface that enables the intuitive description (either explicitly or by example) of the requirements, pre-conditions, and steps for defense installation, configuration, and operation in multiple operational environments. The defense wrapping produces a semantic representation of the defense, as well as the code necessary to manage the defense, which enables its seamless on demand deployment and control across multiple operating systems. SAWD is a collaborative effort between Florida Institute of Technology, Raytheon BBN Technologies, and Air Force Research Laboratory. C1 [Carvalho, Marco; Eskridge, Thomas C.] Florida Inst Technol, Harris Inst Assured Informat, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Atighetchi, Michael] Raytheon BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA USA. [Paltzer, Nicholas] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Carvalho, M (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Harris Inst Assured Informat, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM mcarvalho@fit.edu; teskridge@fit.edu; matighet@bbn.com; nicholas.paltzer@us.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-3781-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2016 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BG7LX UT WOS:000391433600004 ER PT S AU Trias, ED Simpson, WR Foltz, KE Konieczny, FP AF Trias, Eric D. Simpson, William R. Foltz, Kevin E. Konieczny, Frank P. GP IEEE TI Enterprise Level Security SO MILCOM 2016 - 2016 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 01-03, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, AFCEA, IEEE Commun Soc DE Access control; authentication; authorization; digital signatures; identity and access management; identity claims; public key infrastructure AB Mission success and effectiveness depends on timely, secured delivery of information to authorized personnel or systems. Unfortunately, the current security paradigm of building a fortress to protect systems in the network is not sufficient in cyberspace. Further access control measures, such as role-based permissions, to prevent intrusions/disruptions are also insufficient. We present an alternative mission-based approach to a more granular access control paradigm, based on 14 years of research and pilot efforts. This distributed security approach has no need for passwords or system accounts, thus eliminating the associated management overhead. At each step in the authorization process, the system determines validated identities and claims for appropriate access and privileges. The techniques employed are resilient, secure, extensible, and scalable. The system, called Enterprise Level Security (ELS), is currently being researched. This paper discusses the ELS, a web-based security architecture designed to select and incorporate technology into a cohesive set of policies and rules for an enterprise information system. ELS provides application and data level access control automatically, based on the warfighter's current mission profile. As the warfighter's profile changes, authorized accesses are automatically deleted and new ones established to provide relevant, least privileged, mission information at the time of need. The paper begins by introducing ELS, its design principles and architecture, along with its foundational role in developing a forward-looking enterprise baseline; then, it continues by presenting ELS' current status and performance metrics, along with future plans for expansion of capabilities. C1 [Trias, Eric D.] USAF, SAF, CIO CTO, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Simpson, William R.; Foltz, Kevin E.] Inst Def Anal, Alexandria, VA 22311 USA. RP Trias, ED (reprint author), USAF, SAF, CIO CTO, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-3781-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2016 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BG7LX UT WOS:000391433600006 ER PT S AU Tian, X Chen, GS Pham, K Blasch, E AF Tian, Xin Chen, Genshe Khanh Pham Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI Joint Transmission Power Control in Transponded SATCOM Systems SO MILCOM 2016 - 2016 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 01-03, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, AFCEA, IEEE Commun Soc DE Transponder; Transmission power control; Power Robbing; Link Margin; Uncertainties AB This paper presents a novel approach for the uplink transmission power control for satellite communication (SATCOM) links that share a transponder's transmission power. The proposed approach provides explicit link margins (LM) for both uplinks and downlinks against losses from various sources that are uncertain in nature. The feature allows the proposed algorithm to work effectively with information from SATCOM radio frequency (RF) situation awareness to establish transponded SATCOM links that achieve desired Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. The algorithm is applicable for both traditional satellite communication systems and protected Frequency Hopping (FH) SATCOM systems with transparent transponders. C1 [Tian, Xin; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Khanh Pham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Tian, X (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. EM xtian@intfusiontech.com; gchen@intfusiontech.com; khanh.pham.1@us.af.mil; erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-3781-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2016 BP 126 EP 131 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BG7LX UT WOS:000391433600022 ER PT S AU Pinyoanuntapong, K Goswami, M Habib, AB Kwon, HM Pham, K AF Pinyoanuntapong, Krittetash Goswami, Madhuprana Habib, Ashfia Binte Kwon, Hyuck M. Khanh Pham GP IEEE TI Boundaries of Signal-to-Noise Ratio for Adaptive Code Modulations SO MILCOM 2016 - 2016 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 01-03, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, AFCEA, IEEE Commun Soc DE Adaptive code modulation; jamming; satellite communications; Rician fading; convolutional code AB Adaptive code modulation (ACM) has been studied for last two decades to enhance the bandwidth and power efficiency in a bandwidth-constrained and power-constrained communication system environment. This paper studies how to decide the boundaries of a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the ACM mode selection for a given set of parameters and system model. Also, this paper proposes an efficient and practical algorithm to search the proper ACM mode that meets a target bit error rate (BER) and achieves the maximum data rate. The proposed algorithm is found to be effective under jamming and interference, even if channel and jamming state information (JSI) are unavailable. The results in this paper can be applicable for future satellite and mobile communication system designs against jamming and interference environments. C1 [Pinyoanuntapong, Krittetash; Goswami, Madhuprana; Habib, Ashfia Binte; Kwon, Hyuck M.] Wichita State Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. [Khanh Pham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kwon, HM (reprint author), Wichita State Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. EM Hyuck.kwon@wichita.edu; AFRL_RVSV@kirtland.af.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-3781-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2016 BP 132 EP 137 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BG7LX UT WOS:000391433600023 ER PT S AU Hannon, M Feng, S Kwon, H Pham, K AF Hannon, Matthew Feng, Shaung Kwon, Hyuck Khanh Pham GP IEEE TI Jamming Statistics-Dependent Frequency Hopping SO MILCOM 2016 - 2016 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 01-03, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, AFCEA, IEEE Commun Soc DE Frequency hopping; partial-band tone jamming; typical sequence; jamming; multiple-access interference AB This paper studies a jamming statistics-dependent frequency-hopping (FH) pattern generation scheme. Most existing FH patterns are determined by two encryption keys: (a) one for FH in the frequency domain, and (b) the other for time permutation in the time domain. These keys are independent of channel conditions. Hence, an FH signal generated by these two keys occupies the entire spectrum in both frequency and time domains, and the probability of detection by a jammer is low. However, the probability of a hit (or jamming) on the desired user's frequency channels by partial-band noise jamming (PBNJ) can be high because it is inversely proportional to the total number of available frequency positions. Can an FH system with jamming-dependent adaptive FH patterns safeguard the communications systems more effectively? If the answer is yes, then how can an efficient jamming-dependent adaptive FH pattern be found, and can it be implemented cost-effectively for future communications systems against jamming? The aim of this paper is to study answers to the questions posed here. C1 [Hannon, Matthew; Feng, Shaung; Kwon, Hyuck] Wichita State Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. [Khanh Pham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Hannon, M (reprint author), Wichita State Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. EM matthew.r.hannon@gmail.com; wwffeng211@hotmail.com; hyuck.kwon@wichita.edu; khanh.pham.1@us.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-3781-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2016 BP 138 EP 143 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BG7LX UT WOS:000391433600024 ER PT S AU Nguyen, LK Wells, RB Pham, KD AF Nguyen, Lan K. Wells, Richard B. Pham, Khanh D. GP IEEE TI Impact of Satellite Transponder Nonlinearities on the Performance of Protected Tactical Waveform (PTW) for the Return Link (RL) SO MILCOM 2016 - 2016 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 01-03, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, AFCEA, IEEE Commun Soc DE Transponder; Nonlinearity; Multicarrier; Adjacent Channels Interference (ACI); Partial Band Noise Jammer (PBNJ); DVB-S2; Protected Tactical Waveform (PTW) ID PM CONVERSION; SYSTEMS AB This paper examines the impact of satellite transponder nonlinearities on the performance of protected tactical waveform (PTW) for the return link (RL). The performance impact due to adjacent channels interference (ACI) and a partial band noise jammer (PBNJ) are considered in the paper. In this paper, a Shaleh model is used to model the transponder traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA). This TWTA is protected by a soft limiter to prevent TWTA operation in the saturation region. Impact of signal clipping due to this soft limiter under a PBNJ is also investigated. Computer simulations are performed using Digital Video Broadcasting - Satellite - Second generation (DVB-S2) forward error correcting (FEC) codes. In addition, a ground hub receiver does not assume knowledge of the channel information. Ground hub is required to estimate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and details of SNR estimation are also discussed in the paper. C1 [Nguyen, Lan K.] LinQuest Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90056 USA. [Wells, Richard B.] Univ Idaho, Dept Elect Engn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Pham, Khanh D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Nguyen, LK (reprint author), LinQuest Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90056 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-3781-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2016 BP 248 EP 253 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BG7LX UT WOS:000391433600043 ER PT S AU Li, L Tian, X Chen, GS Pham, K Blasch, E AF Li, Lun Tian, Xin Chen, Genshe Khanh Pham Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI Secure Spectrum-Efficient Frequency Hopping for Return Link of Protected Tactical Satellite Communications SO MILCOM 2016 - 2016 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 01-03, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, AFCEA, IEEE Commun Soc ID UNIQUE IDENTIFICATION; NETWORKS; DESIGN AB Protected tactical waveform (PTW) provides cost-efficient, jamming-resistant communications via both government and commercial satellites over multiple frequency bands such as the Co, Ku-, Ka-, and X- band. Frequency hopping (FH) was originally developed for secure communications by exploiting time-frequency diversity over a large spectrum. The anti-jamming feature of the frequency hopping technique helps communication systems improve the reliability of transmission. In this paper, we consider a secure channel group hopping (CGH) scheme in order to satisfy the needs of protected tactical satellite communication system. This scheme is proposed to ensure that each channel group hops to a new hopping spectrum in a pseudo-random manner during each hopping period, and different channel groups always transmit over non-overlapping frequency bands. Our analysis suggests that the proposed CGH scheme achieves collision-free frequency hopping among channel groups, such that a higher spectrum efficiency of the system can be obtained. Simulation results are provided to validate the performance of the proposed CGH scheme for PTW system. C1 [Li, Lun; Tian, Xin; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Khanh Pham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. EM lun.li@intfusiontech.com; xtian@intfusiontech.com; gchen@intfusiontech.com; khanh.pham.1@us.af.mil; erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-3781-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2016 BP 254 EP 258 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BG7LX UT WOS:000391433600044 ER PT S AU Mo, ZJ Su, WF Matyjas, JD AF Mo, Zijian Su, Weifeng Matyjas, John D. GP IEEE TI Amplify and Forward Relaying Protocol Design with Optimum Power and Time Allocation SO MILCOM 2016 - 2016 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 01-03, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, AFCEA, IEEE Commun Soc DE Amplify-and-forward relaying; optimum time and power allocation; outage probability; wireless networks ID USER COOPERATION DIVERSITY; PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS; WIRELESS NETWORKS; COMMUNICATION; OPTIMIZATION AB Parameter optimization such as power and time allocation plays an important role in emerging cooperative relaying protocol designs, especially when the environment is congested and contested. However, most existing works on cooperative relaying protocol designs considered equal-time allocation scenario, i.e. equal time duration is assigned to each source and each relay. In our recent work, we developed a decode-and-forward (DF) relaying protocol with linear mapping, where a significant performance improvement can be achieved by jointly optimizing power and time allocation. In this paper, we would like to explore optimum power and time allocation in amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying protocol designs, which has been widely considered in military/commercial communication applications. First, we design an AF relaying protocol based on an linear mapping approach for re-encoding at the relay which has shown superiority in our prior study. Then, we develop an optimum linear mapping for the AF protocol to minimize the outage probability. Finally, based on the optimum linear mapping, we obtain an optimum strategy of power and time allocation. It shows that one should always allocate more energy and time resources at the source than at the relay to minimize the outage probability of the AF relaying protocol. Numerical and simulation results validate our theoretical development. C1 [Mo, Zijian] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Su, Weifeng] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Matyjas, John D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, RIT, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Mo, ZJ (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM zijian.mo@intfusiontech.com; weifeng@buffalo.edu; John.Matyjas@rl.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-3781-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2016 BP 412 EP 417 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BG7LX UT WOS:000391433600071 ER PT S AU Xiong, WH Mo, ZJ Chen, GS Pham, K Blasch, E Kwon, H AF Xiong, Wenhao Mo, Zijian Chen, Genshe Khanh Pham Blasch, Erik Kwon, Hyuck GP IEEE TI Agile MU-MIMO in Congested Environments with Robust Channel Estimation SO MILCOM 2016 - 2016 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 01-03, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, AFCEA, IEEE Commun Soc ID UNIQUE IDENTIFICATION AB This paper proposes a novel multi-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO) selection and beam-forming technique for a geosynchronous orbit (GSO) satellite communication (SATCOM) system. The MU-MIMO technique employs beam-forming and adaptive power allocation schemes in order to support a large numbers of users. Additionally, this paper provides a solution for the scenario where satellite ground terminals and cellular users are sharing the same spectrum band. The proposed MU-MIMO Selection And Beamforming (SAB) method makes it possible to constrain the interference created by a high powered satellite transponder, in order to maintain normal transceiving activity for commercial cellular users. Meanwhile the quality of service (QoS) is also satisfied for ground terminals. If the options of selectively serving certain users is available, the performance can be improved further in terms of constraining the interference level. The other novelty of this work is a robust channel estimation design to support the proposed MU-MIMO schemes with specifies the pilot structure design, such as the determination of proper pilot length and transmission power. Extensive simulation and numerical results illustrate and validate the theoretical development. C1 [Xiong, Wenhao; Mo, Zijian; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Khanh Pham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Kwon, Hyuck] Wichita State Univ, Wichita, KS USA. RP Xiong, WH (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. EM wenhao.xiong@intfusiontech.com; zijian.mo@intfusiontech.com; gchen@intfusiontech.com; khanh.pham.1@us.af.mil; erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil; hyuck.kwon@wichita.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-3781-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2016 BP 473 EP 478 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BG7LX UT WOS:000391433600081 ER PT S AU Nowak, MJ Zhang, ZP Qu, Y Dessources, DA Wicks, M Wu, ZQ AF Nowak, Michael J. Zhang, Zhiping Qu, Yang Dessources, Dimitri A. Wicks, Michael Wu, Zhiqiang GP IEEE TI Co-Designed Radar-Communication Using Linear Frequency Modulation Waveform SO MILCOM 2016 - 2016 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 01-03, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, AFCEA, IEEE Commun Soc DE Radar Communication; Linear Frequency Modulation; M-sequence; Reduced Phase Magnitude AB As electromagnetic spectrum availability shrinks, there is growing interest in combining multiple functions, such as radar and communications signals, into a single multipurpose waveform. Historically mixed-modulation has used orthogonal separation of different message signals in different dimensions such as time or frequency. This research explores an alternative approach of implementing an in-band, mixed-modulated waveform that combines surveillance radar and communication functions into a single signal. The contribution of this research is the use of reduced phase-angle binary phase shift keying (BPSK) along with overlapped (channelized) spread-spectrum phase discretes based on pseudorandom noise sequences to encode multiple messages in a single pulse. The resulting mixed-modualted signal provides a low data rate communications message while minimizing the effect on radar performance. For the purpose of this research, radar performance will be evaluated in terms of power spectral density, matched filter auto-correlation for target detection, and the ambiguity function. C1 [Nowak, Michael J.] US Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Zhang, Zhiping; Qu, Yang; Dessources, Dimitri A.; Wu, Zhiqiang] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Wicks, Michael] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Nowak, MJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-3781-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2016 BP 918 EP 923 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BG7LX UT WOS:000391433600156 ER PT S AU Sagduyu, Y She, Y Ponnaluri, S Soltani, S Li, JS Riley, R Banner, C Heinen, G AF Sagduyu, Yalin She, Yi Ponnaluri, Satya Soltani, Sohraab Li, Jason Riley, Rob Banner, Clif Heinen, Greg GP IEEE TI Optimal Orbit Selection and Design for Airborne Relay Communications SO MILCOM 2016 - 2016 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 01-03, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, AFCEA, IEEE Commun Soc DE Force-level planning; mission planning; airborne relay; orbit; throughput; duty cycle; optimization AB This paper presents a force-level planning approach to optimally select and design the orbit of an airborne relay. The objective is to maximize the aggregate performance of communication subscribers served by the airborne relay. The performance is measured as either the duty cycle in terms of signal-to-noiseratio or the throughput achieved by communication subscribers. Both measures are computed with realistic channel, terrain, antenna and aircraft characteristics for ground-to-air and airto-ground communications. Different methods to generate an airborne relay orbit are discussed with their parameters to optimize. Results are specialized to optimization of elliptical orbit parameters. First, an elliptical orbit is optimally selected with the best center and radius (in X and Y-directions) as orbit parameters subject to the specified altitude and speed of the aircraft. Both exhaustive search and gradient search with reduced complexity are considered to find the best set of orbit parameters. This elliptical orbit is then converted to an operational orbit by optimally selecting orbit waypoints and locating smooth turning points while minimizing the fuel consumption of the airborne relay. A software with interactive GUI is designed and implemented for force-level planning that allows the planner to select different properties of airborne relay and communication subscribers, and returns the optimal orbit for the airborne relay. C1 [Sagduyu, Yalin; She, Yi; Ponnaluri, Satya; Soltani, Sohraab; Li, Jason] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Riley, Rob] US Air Force, Res Lab, RITF, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Banner, Clif; Heinen, Greg] HNAA, AFLCMC, Hanscom Afb, MA 01731 USA. RP Sagduyu, Y (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. EM ysagduyu@i-a-i.com; yshi@i-a-i.com; sponnaluri@i-a-i.com; ssoltani@i-a-i.com; jli@i-a-i.com; robert.riley.12@us.af.mil; clifden.banner.ctr@us.af.mil; gregory.heinen.cu@us.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-3781-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2016 BP 1161 EP 1166 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BG7LX UT WOS:000391433600196 ER PT S AU Liu, Y Borle, KM Mroczek, JJ Chen, BA Gans, MJ Oleski, PJ Michalak, RJ AF Liu, Yang Borle, Kapil M. Mroczek, Janek J. Chen, Biao Gans, Michael J. Oleski, Paul J. Michalak, Richard J. GP IEEE TI Variable Rate MIMO Communication with Airborne Platforms: An Experimental Study SO MILCOM 2016 - 2016 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 01-03, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, AFCEA, IEEE Commun Soc DE Airborne Communication; DBLAST; MIMO; USRP; GNU Radio AB Motivated by the need for robust and high throughput communication with airborne platforms, a variable rate MIMO scheme that combines the D-BLAST architecture with per antenna spreading was proposed. This paper is focused on the experimental study of this approach. We developed a software defined radio implementation of the variable rate MIMO system based on GNU Radio. Over the air transmission and reception is enabled by Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in realizing the throughput gain afforded by MIMO communication under potentially rank deficient channel conditions that are often present in an airborne environment. C1 [Liu, Yang; Borle, Kapil M.; Chen, Biao] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Borle, Kapil M.] Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Mroczek, Janek J.; Gans, Michael J.; Oleski, Paul J.; Michalak, Richard J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-3781-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2016 BP 1167 EP 1172 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BG7LX UT WOS:000391433600197 ER PT S AU Cho, JH Hurley, PM Xu, SH AF Cho, Jin-Hee Hurley, Patrick M. Xu, Shouhuai GP IEEE TI Metrics and Measurement of Trustworthy Systems SO MILCOM 2016 - 2016 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 01-03, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, AFCEA, IEEE Commun Soc DE metrics; measurement; trustworthy systems; trustworthiness; agility; resilience; threat; vulnerability ID RESILIENCE; SECURITY AB Accurate measurement of the quality of systems is crucial to building trustworthy systems. Such a measurement indicates whether a system is working properly and meeting its requirements. Although security and dependability metrics are regarded as key metrics for measuring the quality of systems, they are not sufficient for measuring the quality of systems that are placed in a multi-domain environment including hardware, software, network, human factors, and physical environments. In order to embrace multidimensional aspects of the quality of a system, we introduce a trustworthiness metric framework that supports three key submetrics of trust, resilience, and agility, and propose an ontology-based framework with three corresponding sub-ontologies. We also discuss how the key metrics are related to the severity of threats and the quality of assessment tools. This work is part of the cyber defense effort conducted by the Trustworthy Systems Working Group (TSWG) under the Cyber Strategic Challenge Group (CSCG) of The Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP), which is an international cooperation organization for enhancing defense science and technology. C1 [Cho, Jin-Hee] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Hurley, Patrick M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Xu, Shouhuai] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Cho, JH (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM jinhee.cho@us.army.mil; patrick.hurley.4@us.af.mil; shxu@cs.utsa.edu NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-3781-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2016 BP 1237 EP 1242 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BG7LX UT WOS:000391433600209 ER PT S AU Seversky, LM Davis, S Berger, M AF Seversky, Lee M. Davis, Shelby Berger, Matthew GP IEEE TI On Time-series Topological Data Analysis: New Data and Opportunities SO PROCEEDINGS OF 29TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOPS, (CVPRW 2016) SE IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW) CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc ID CLASSIFICATION; PERSISTENCE AB This work introduces a new dataset and framework for the exploration of topological data analysis (TDA) techniques applied to time-series data. We examine the end-to-end TDA processing pipeline for persistent homology applied to time-delay embeddings of time series - embeddings that capture the underlying system dynamics from which time series data is acquired. In particular, we consider stability with respect to time series length, the approximation accuracy of sparse filtration methods, and the discriminating ability of persistence diagrams as a feature for learning. We explore these properties across a wide range of time-series datasets spanning multiple domains for single source multi-segment signals as well as multi-source single segment signals. Our analysis and dataset captures the entire TDA processing pipeline and includes time-delay embeddings, persistence diagrams, topological distance measures, as well as kernels for similarity learning and classification tasks for a broad set of time-series data sources. We outline the TDA framework and rationale behind the dataset and provide insights into the role of TDA for time-series analysis as well as opportunities for new work. C1 [Seversky, Lee M.; Berger, Matthew] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Davis, Shelby] Black River Syst, Utica, NY USA. RP Seversky, LM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Lee.Seversky@us.af.mil; Davis@brsc.com; Matthew.Berger.l@us.af.mil NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-7508 BN 978-1-5090-1437-8 J9 IEEE COMPUT SOC CONF PY 2016 BP 1014 EP 1022 DI 10.1109/CVPRW.2016.131 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BG7PP UT WOS:000391572100124 ER PT J AU Fuller, J Ramsey, B Pecarina, J Rice, M AF Fuller, Jonathan Ramsey, Benjamin Pecarina, John Rice, Mason GP Acad Conf Ltd TI Wireless Intrusion Detection of Covert Channel Attacks in ITU-T G.9959-Based Networks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CYBER WARFARE AND SECURITY (ICCWS 2016) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security (ICCWS) CY MAR 17-18, 2016 CL Boston Univ, Boston, MA HO Boston Univ DE covert channel; wireless sensor networks; wireless threats; Z-Wave; intrusion detection AB We introduce herein an information hiding technique for injecting manipulated packets into wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We exhibit how an attacker can apply information hiding as a type of covert channel attack over radio frequency transmissions into the WSN. The feasibility of our injection method is demonstrated through an attack on the most common implementation of the ITU-T G.9959 recommendation, commercially known as Z-Wave. More specifically, we illustrate that after accessing a Z-Wave gateway controller through compromising the WLAN backbone, the attacker has the ability to install malware. The malware scans incoming Z-Wave packets for information hidden in Media Access Control (MAC) frames received by the Z-Wave controller. Upon identification of hidden information, a Reverse Secure Shell is initiated through the WLAN back to the attacker. The outcomes of this attack include control of the Z-Wave network and access to the networked devices on the target WLAN from any Internet connected device. Given this new application of information hiding techniques to Z-Wave networks, we recognize the need for countermeasures. We therefore offer an effective Misuse-based Intrusion Detection System (MBIDS) capable of distinguishing between manipulated and correctly formed packets. A Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) Software-Defined Radio (SDR) is used in conjunction with a packet monitoring tool capturing incoming transmissions and inspecting them for any violations of the ITU-T G.9959 MAC specification. We then analytically and experimentally estimate the efficacy of the USRP as a packet capture device in a realistic test setup, and then evaluate the total efficiency of our MBIDS solution. By employing the MBIDS in the Z-Wave network, we show the MBIDS is capable of detecting packet manipulation attacks with 92% mean accuracy. C1 [Fuller, Jonathan; Ramsey, Benjamin; Pecarina, John; Rice, Mason] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fuller, J (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jonathan.fuller@afit.edu; benjamin.ramsey@afit.edu; john.pecarina@afit.edu; mason.rice@afit.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-910810-83-5 PY 2016 BP 137 EP 145 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; International Relations SC Computer Science; International Relations GA BG7SM UT WOS:000391660200016 ER PT J AU Hall, J Ramsey, B Rice, M Lacey, T AF Hall, Joseph Ramsey, Benjamin Rice, Mason Lacey, Timothy GP Acad Conf Ltd TI Z-Wave Network Reconnaissance and Transceiver Fingerprinting Using Software-Defined Radios SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CYBER WARFARE AND SECURITY (ICCWS 2016) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security (ICCWS) CY MAR 17-18, 2016 CL Boston Univ, Boston, MA HO Boston Univ DE internet of things; wireless sensor networks; Z-Wave; transceiver fingerprinting; software-defined radios ID WIRELESS INTRUSION DETECTION; PREAMBLE MANIPULATION AB Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a growing subset of the emerging Internet of Things (IoT). WSNs reduce the cost of deployment over wired alternatives; consequently, use is increasing in home automation, critical infrastructure, smart metering, and security solutions. Few published works evaluate the security of proprietary WSN protocols due to the lack of low-cost and effective research tools. One such protocol is ITU-T G. 9959-based Z-Wave, which maintains wide acceptance within the IoT market. Concurrently, the use of software-defined radios (SDRs) is experiencing significant growth due to lowcost and open-source platforms. Using SDRs, network security professionals are able to evaluate WSNs and identify avenues of attack which historically required large investments in RF equipment and specialized skill sets. Recent work introduces Scapy-radio, a generic SDR-based wireless monitor/injection tool, designed to simplify the development of penetration testing capabilities for wireless networks. Other works demonstrate methods for fingerprinting transceivers for the IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.15.4 standards by analyzing packet reception rates when preamble lengths are manipulated. This work significantly expands Scapy-radio, providing broad support for the Z-Wave protocol using the low-cost HackRF SDR to investigate cooperative and non-cooperative fingerprinting techniques. Specifically, this work demonstrates transceiver type fingerprinting through experimental analysis of packet reception with respect to preamble length across eight devices from five manufactures, utilizing the two most widely-used Z-Wave transceivers. Furthermore, this work presents EZ-Wave, a set of Z-Wave network reconnaissance tools capable of network discovery and enumeration, device fingerprinting, and gathering device status information. Herein this work successfully demonstrates methods for conducting network reconnaissance on a Z-Wave Home Area Network and transceiver type fingerprinting through preamble manipulation with greater than 99% accuracy. C1 [Hall, Joseph; Ramsey, Benjamin; Rice, Mason; Lacey, Timothy] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hall, J (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM joseph.hall@afit.edu; benjamin.ramsey@afit.edu; mason.rice@afit.edu; timothy.lacey@afit.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-910810-83-5 PY 2016 BP 163 EP 171 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; International Relations SC Computer Science; International Relations GA BG7SM UT WOS:000391660200019 ER PT J AU Wylie, J Stone, S Mullins, B AF Wylie, Justin Stone, Samuel Mullins, Barry GP Acad Conf Ltd TI etecting a Weakened Encryption Algorithm in Microcontrollers Using Correlation-Based Anomaly Detection SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CYBER WARFARE AND SECURITY (ICCWS 2016) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security (ICCWS) CY MAR 17-18, 2016 CL Boston Univ, Boston, MA HO Boston Univ DE microcontroller security; unintentional RF emissions; AES encryption weakening; hardware security; correlation-based anomaly detection AB Since the 1960s, increasingly more Integrated Circuit (IC) device manufacturers have been outsourcing fabrication of semiconductor devices to Taiwan, China, and other countries where the cost of labor is less expensive, as described by Adee (2008). This includes situations where United States companies contracted by the military to develop semiconductor-based systems outsourced the design work for the semiconductors to foreign nations according to Yudken (2010). This practice brings to bear security concerns regarding the possibility of overseas fabrication facilities embedding malicious hardware in the device early in the supply chain. Microcontrollers, specifically, are used in a large number of military operations including encryption, such as the microcontrollers used to encrypt information found in the smart cards issued by the Department of Defense, as stated by the United States General Services Administration (GSA) (2004). According to Beaumont et al. (2011), current IC testing and verification focuses on testing the chips to specifications which may detect whether functionality was removed, but will likely not detect any functionality added by an adversary. Systems used in environments where antivirus and intrusion detection systems are not feasible are particularly vulnerable. In order to detect compromised programming, or potential zero-day attacks from entering combat systems, an efficient and effective method of anomaly detection is required. This paper proposes expanding use of the Correlation-Based Anomaly Detection (CBAD) as introduced by Stone (2013) for detecting anomalous microcontroller operation using Unintentional Radio Frequency (RF) Emissions (UREs). Specifically, this paper presents the results of using the CBAD process to detect a modified Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm implemented on a microcontroller. This process was shown to be effective in detecting anomalous operations in a more limited Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) program by Stone (2013), and was less resource-intensive than alternatives such as the RF fingerprinting method used for discriminating between hardware devices by Cobb (2011). The CBAD process consists of four major steps: URE collection, signal post-processing, test statistic generation, and a declaration. In the process declaration stage, the microcontroller's program is classified as either Normal operation or Anomalous operation after comparison with a reference response. Results using the CBAD process against the UREs of a microcontroller have been encouraging thus far, and show a True Anomaly Detection Rate (TADR) of greater than 90% at Signal to Noise Ratios (SNRs) greater than 5 dB while maintaining a False Anomaly Detection Rate (FADR) of approximately 10% across all SNRs. Additionally, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve Equal Error Rates (EER) are presented for the proposed anomaly detection process. C1 [Wylie, Justin; Stone, Samuel; Mullins, Barry] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wylie, J (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM justin.wylie@afit.edu; samuel.stone@afit.edu; barry.mullins@afit.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-910810-83-5 PY 2016 BP 335 EP 343 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; International Relations SC Computer Science; International Relations GA BG7SM UT WOS:000391660200041 ER PT J AU Seitz, A Ramsey, B AF Seitz, Andrew Ramsey, Benjamin GP Acad Conf Ltd TI Z-Ranger: An Improved Tool Set for ZigBee Warwalking SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CYBER WARFARE AND SECURITY (ICCWS 2016) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security (ICCWS) CY MAR 17-18, 2016 CL Boston Univ, Boston, MA HO Boston Univ DE ZigBee; IEEE 802.15.4; warwalking; rangefinding; security; Z-Ranger AB ZigBee wireless networks have become increasingly prevalent over the past decade. Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 low data rate wireless standard, ZigBee offers low-cost mesh connectivity in hospitals, refineries, building automation, and national critical infrastructure. The KillerBee suite of tools is an open source Python-based framework specializing in locating, exploiting, and attacking ZigBee networks. One KillerBee tool in particular, Zbfind, allows a penetration tester to estimate distance to the nearest transceiver based on the received signal strength (RSS). While Zbfind has benefited from recent work, the AT86RF230 transceiver and the underperforming distance estimating parameters fundamentally limit accuracy of the tool set. We present a new tool set for ZigBee distance estimation called Z-Ranger, written in the C programming language and utilizing the Zena wireless adapter hardware. In this paper, we evaluate the accuracy of each tool set for use against real-world indoor and outdoor ZigBee appliances, by comparing actual distance against tool set estimated distance. Collection trials consist of measuring RSS from four indoor and two outdoor wireless sensors at warwalking distances of up to 27 and 101 meters, respectively. RSS samples are measured in 2-meter intervals for the indoor experiment and 5-meter intervals during the outdoor experiment, significantly increasing sample resolution over previous work. Indoor results indicate the Z-Ranger tool set outperforms Zbfind for each target trial, reducing overall mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) by 23.1%. Furthermore, outdoor results conclude Z-Ranger reduces MAPE by 14.5% when compared to Zbfind. Building upon this discovery, we further identify calibrated best-fit distance estimation formulas for Z-Ranger warwalking in both indoor and outdoor environments. When re-evaluated against Zbfind, the new best-fit formulas reduce indoor distance estimation MAPE for Z-Ranger by 36.5% and outdoor MAPE drops by 22.5%. The empirical results presented in this paper demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the new Z-Ranger tool set and offer a complement utility to the KillerBee suite. C1 [Seitz, Andrew; Ramsey, Benjamin] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Seitz, A (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM andrew.seitz@afit.edu; benjamin.ramsey@afit.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-910810-83-5 PY 2016 BP 456 EP 465 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; International Relations SC Computer Science; International Relations GA BG7SM UT WOS:000391660200055 ER PT J AU Stone, B Stone, S AF Stone, Barron Stone, Samuel GP Acad Conf Ltd TI Comparison of Radio Frequency Based Techniques for Device Discrimination and Operation Identification SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CYBER WARFARE AND SECURITY (ICCWS 2016) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security (ICCWS) CY MAR 17-18, 2016 CL Boston Univ, Boston, MA HO Boston Univ DE unintentional RF emissions; operation identification; device discrimination; matched filtering; radio-frequency distinct native attributes; MSP430 AB Modern worms and viruses that infect supervisory control and data (SCADA) systems, such as the well- known STUXNET attack, may hide their existence by reporting false status to the operator while performing nefarious deeds (Zetter 2011). Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods to monitor semiconductor devices that perform critical tasks and control our infrastructure to verify that they are functioning as expected. Additionally, counterfeit hardware in the supply chain threatens system reliability (Stradley 2006) and the outsourcing of microchip production to foreign countries presents the opportunity for malicious hardware Trojans to be implanted in devices (OUSD 2005). The methods that provide a means of monitoring system operation may also be used to discriminate between authentic and counterfeit/Trojan hardware. This paper presents a comparison of techniques to classify unintentional radio-frequency (RF) emissions (URE) from a microcontroller unit (MCU) for the purposes of discriminating between devices and identifying executed operations. The MSP430F5529 16-bit MCU manufactured by Texas Instruments is evaluated as the device under test (DUT). Non-destructive, non-contact RF signal collection methods are used to acquire URE from 10 same-model devices executing specially designed software routines. The collected emissions are divided into two groups, training and testing signals, which are then processed using a multiple discriminant analysis/maximum likelihood (MDA/ML) classifier with radio-frequency distinct native attribute (RF-DNA) "fingerprints" and a time domain matched filtering technique to develop models (training) and evaluate their effectiveness (testing). The classification aspect of this research performs a one-vs-many comparison to estimate which device produced each test signal, in the case of hardware discrimination, or which instruction was being executed, in the case of operation estimation. Verification utilizes a one-vs-one comparison to validate that an observed RF emission corresponds to an authentic device. Classification and verification results are presented and compared for device discrimination and operation identification using the RF-DNA with MDA/ML and matched filtering techniques. C1 [Stone, Barron; Stone, Samuel] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stone, B (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM barron.stone@afit.edu; samuel.stone@afit.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD CONFERENCES LTD PI NR READING PA CURTIS FARM, KIDMORE END, NR READING, RG4 9AY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-910810-83-5 PY 2016 BP 475 EP 484 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; International Relations SC Computer Science; International Relations GA BG7SM UT WOS:000391660200057 ER PT J AU Yang, C Soloviev, A Veth, M Blasch, E AF Yang, Chun Soloviev, Andrey Veth, Michael Blasch, Erik GP Inst Navigat TI Simultaneous Frequency Search with a Randomized Dirichlet Kernel for Fast GPS Signal Acquisition SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 29TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS+ 2016) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Technical Meeting of The-Satellite-Division-of-the-Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS+) CY SEP 12-16, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div AB Signal acquisition in a GPS receiver aims at quickly obtaining coarse estimates of a GPS signal's time and frequency parameters so as to initialize the code and carrier tracking loops for subsequent refined signal estimation. Conventional methods divide the time and frequency uncertainty zone of the signal into a grid of search points and then test each and every search point by correlating the incoming signal samples with those of a local replica generated with the parameters thereof. If several grid points can be checked at the same time per correlation, the uncertainty zone can be swept over quickly, leading to a fast acquisition process. In this paper, we present a fast acquisition search technique (FAST) via simultaneous search of allowable frequency errors (SAFE). FAST is based on judicious combining of a number of carrier replicas at selected frequency search points, leading to a combined carrier replica (CCR) and a multi-frequency modulated code replica (MMCR). As such, it can reduce the total test points of MN, where M is the number of frequency bins and N is the number of code lags, into M+N. That is, the method achieves fast acquisition using two linear time searches. Optimality criteria and practical methods (a randomized Dirichlet kernel) to reduce implementation loss of CCR and MMCR are described. Simulation and experimental data processing results are presented to demonstrate the functionality and performance of FAST. C1 [Yang, Chun] Sigtem Technol Inc, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA. [Soloviev, Andrey] QuNav LLC, Ft Walton Beach, FL USA. [Veth, Michael] Veth Res Associates LLC, Niceville, FL USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), Sigtem Technol Inc, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2016 BP 92 EP 102 PG 11 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BG7MT UT WOS:000391479500009 ER PT J AU Compton, A Pecarina, J AF Compton, Andrew Pecarina, John GP Inst Navigat TI PeerAppear: A P2P Framework for Collaborative Visual Localization SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 29TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS+ 2016) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Technical Meeting of The-Satellite-Division-of-the-Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS+) CY SEP 12-16, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div AB The ubiquity of GPS receivers in modern devices has given rise to the expectation for always-available real-time precision localization. While this expectation can often be met in rural outdoor environments, it is generally not achievable indoors or when line-of-sight to the horizon is blocked by large urban or geographic structures. The shortcomings of GPS have given rise to a myriad of alternative methods for precision navigation, many of which can directly augment GPS. One of the most promising methods builds upon recent advances in computer vision technologies to determine location visually by matching a captured image taken at an unknown location against a database of localized images. The accuracy and scale of these efforts is often determined by the size, scale, and granularity of the image database. Most research efforts focus their database building efforts on small-scale purpose-built collections or on the aggregation of localized crowd-sourced images from services such as Flickr and Instagram. While small-scale purpose built collections are often sufficient for the experimental validation of localization methods, they do not provide for a scalable localization capability. Databases built from crowd-sourced images generally do possess the necessary scale, but lack in quality and granularity because images tend to be densely clustered near landmarks and points of interest. To overcome the challenges encountered when constructing datasets for visual localization, we present PeerAppear, a middleware framework for the extraction and dissemination of visually derived spatial data. Peer Appear enables collaborative visual information discovery through the implementation of a peer-to-peer middleware framework which automates the indexing and sharing of visual information extracted from images in a user's collection. Evaluations of the framework's theoretical complexity and experimental performance are presented, demonstrating PeerAppear's feasibility for supporting large-scale, decentralized collaborative visual localization. C1 [Compton, Andrew; Pecarina, John] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Compton, A (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2016 BP 1080 EP 1090 PG 11 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BG7MT UT WOS:000391479501009 ER PT J AU Montgomery, TJ Pachter, M AF Montgomery, Turner J. Pachter, Meir GP Inst Navigat TI Using Converted Linear Measurements Taken by a Human Operator for INS Aiding SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 29TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS+ 2016) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Technical Meeting of The-Satellite-Division-of-the-Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS+) CY SEP 12-16, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div AB A method for pilot-assisted Inertial Navigation System (INS) aiding is explored in which the pilot detects and tracks a ground feature of unknown position during a short measurement epoch using an Electro-Optical (E/O) sensor. One then refers to Visual-INS. In contrast to current research trends, a human operator is entrusted with tracking the ground feature. This yields a record of bearing measurements of the unknown ground feature taken over time. A non-conventional measurement linearization technique is applied to generate "converted" measurements of the feature position from the successive bearing measurements and the INS estimated aircraft position. A linear regression algorithm is then applied to the converted measurements providing an estimate of the INS horizontal velocity error and horizontal accelerometer biases. At the completion of the measurement epoch, the INS solution is corrected by subtracting out the estimated errors. Aiding the INS in this manner provides a significant improvement in the accuracy of the INS-provided aircraft navigation state estimates when compared to those of a free/unaided INS. A number of scenario are simulated including with and without a constrained flight path, with single vs. multiple ground feature tracking sessions, and with a navigation vs. tactical grade INS. Applications for this E/O sensor enabled autonomous navigation method include navigation in Global Positioning System (GPS) denied environments and/or when RF emitting/receiving sensors are undesirable.(1) C1 [Montgomery, Turner J.; Pachter, Meir] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Montgomery, Turner J.] USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Pachter, Meir] AFIT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Montgomery, TJ (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Montgomery, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM turner.montgomery@afit.edu; meir.pachter@afit.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2016 BP 1153 EP 1162 PG 10 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BG7MT UT WOS:000391479501016 ER PT J AU Lemmenes, A Corbell, P Gunawardena, S AF Lemmenes, Adam Corbell, Phillip Gunawardena, Sanjeev GP Inst Navigat TI Detailed Analysis of the TEXBAT Datasets Using a High Fidelity Software GPS Receiver SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 29TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS+ 2016) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Technical Meeting of The-Satellite-Division-of-the-Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS+) CY SEP 12-16, 2016 CL Portland, OR SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div AB Capable and inexpensive Global Positioning System (GPS) spoofers are more likely to threaten our world today due to increased public awareness, advancement of computing power, and the advent of software defined radio technology. Just recently, the introduction of GNSS enabled augmented reality games such as Pokemon Go, has also contributed significantly to the global interest in GPS spoofing [1]. To combat this threat, several researchers are developing methods of detecting spoofing attacks [2]. Integral to these efforts are the use of pre-recorded spoofing datasets in order to test the methods being developed. The University of Texas at Austin has published datasets for evaluating spoofing mitigation techniques. These datasets, known as the Texas Spoofing Test Battery (TEXBAT), include eight separate spoofing scenarios. This paper endeavors to offer an addendum to [3, 4] with independent results, observations, and additional commentary regarding the static TEXBAT scenarios as an aid to the community of researchers utilizing this dataset. It is not the intended purpose of this paper to suggest or evaluate anti-spoofing techniques, but rather to inform the community of our observations derived from working with the TEXBAT datasets. This paper leverages an AFIT-developed high-fidelity software-based GPS receiver known as the GNSS Educational Adjustable Receiver Software (GEARS) to process and investigate the TEXBAT spoofing scenarios. This highly flexible and customizable receiver can be used to very quickly explore many different receiver observables. It is capable of sub sample sized correlator spacing with carrier-aided code tracking, and utilizes a programmable state machine that dynamically reconfigures the tracking loop parameters to achieve a high degree of flexibility and accuracy [5]. Observations include the characterization of power biases and time offsets between scenarios, the discovery of a "global" code and carrier range rate divergence in some scenarios, and an accurate tabulation of the onset of spoofing in each scenario. Artifacts in the RF spectrum are also described. C1 [Lemmenes, Adam] USAF, GPS Program Off, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Corbell, Phillip; Gunawardena, Sanjeev] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Lemmenes, A (reprint author), USAF, GPS Program Off, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2016 BP 3027 EP 3032 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BG7MT UT WOS:000391479503007 ER PT J AU Havrilla, M AF Havrilla, M. GP IEEE TI Field Decomposition for Analysis of Hyperbolic Media SO 2016 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ADVANCED ELECTROMAGNETIC MATERIALS IN MICROWAVES AND OPTICS (METAMATERIALS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics (METAMATERIALS) CY SEP 19-22, 2016 CL Chania, GREECE ID ANISOTROPIC MEDIA AB A field decomposition of Maxwell's equations for uniaxial hyperbolic media based on the 2D Helmholtz theorem is provided. This decomposition is particularly useful since it produces TE and TM field sets that are orthogonal and allows for identification of two independent scalar potential formulations. It is shown that these formulations provide substantial mathematical simplification, enhanced physical insight, ease of boundary condition enforcement and a trivial field recovery process. An example involving a parallel-plate waveguide filled with hyperbolic media is given to demonstrate the functionality and practicality of the decomposition. C1 [Havrilla, M.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept ECE, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Havrilla, M (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept ECE, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.havrilla@afit.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-1803-1 PY 2016 BP 436 EP 438 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BG7MM UT WOS:000391449400146 ER PT J AU Blasch, E Costa, PCG De Villiers, JP Laskey, KB Llinas, J Jousselme, AL AF Blasch, Erik Costa, Paulo C. G. De Villiers, J. Pieter Laskey, Kathryn B. Llinas, James Jousselme, Anne-Laure GP IEEE TI Pragmatic Data Fusion Uncertainty Concerns: Tribute to Dave L. Hall SO 2016 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) CY JUL 05-08, 2016 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Robert Bosch GmbH, ATLAS ELEKTRONIK, RANDOM SETS LLC, Syst & Technol Res, Metron, Continental, AIRBUS, BECKHOFF, Springer, Int Soc Informat Fus, Intelligent Sensor Actuator Syst, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Fraunhofer, VDE, COMO, Conf Catalysts LLC, IEEE, AESS Soc DE Information Fusion; Level 5 User Refinement; Hard-soft fusion; Uncertainty Reasoning; URREF; ETURWG ID RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT AB Over the course of Dave Hall's career, he highlighted various concerns associated with the implementation of data fusion methods. Many of the issues included the role of uncertainty in data fusion, practical implementation of sensor fusion systems, and incorporating new technology into information fusion designs. These thoughts were communicated through technical books and Handbook collections of articles from authors in the fusion community as comprehensive discussions of data collection and processing to knowledge acquisition and delivery. A summary of the uncertainty issues from Dave Hall, originating with the Joint Directors of the Laboratories (JDL) model, include these attributes across the JDL Levels which are: data (variance), object assessment (covariance), situation (representation), threat (possibility), sensor management (delay), and user (cognition). This paper explores the concepts of uncertainty addressed by Dave Hall from many of his publications that can be used as an anthology of his work. C1 [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Costa, Paulo C. G.; Laskey, Kathryn B.] George Mason Univ, C4I Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [De Villiers, J. Pieter] Univ Pretoria, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa. [Llinas, James] State Univ, Ctr Multisource Informat Fus, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. [Jousselme, Anne-Laure] Maritime R&E, NATO STO Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil; pcosta@c4i.gmu.edu; pieter.devilliers@up.ac.za; klaskey@c4i.gmu.edu; llinas@buffalo.edu; Anne-Laure.Jousselme@cmre.nato.int NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9964-5274-8 PY 2016 BP 472 EP 479 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG7HA UT WOS:000391273400065 ER PT J AU de Villiers, JP Jousselme, AL de Waal, A Pavlin, G Laskey, K Blasch, E Costa, P AF de Villiers, J. P. Jousselme, A. -L. de Waal, A. Pavlin, G. Laskey, K. Blasch, E. Costa, P. GP IEEE TI Uncertainty evaluation of data and information fusion within the context of the decision loop SO 2016 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) CY JUL 05-08, 2016 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Robert Bosch GmbH, ATLAS ELEKTRONIK, RANDOM SETS LLC, Syst & Technol Res, Metron, Continental, AIRBUS, BECKHOFF, Springer, Int Soc Informat Fus, Intelligent Sensor Actuator Syst, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Fraunhofer, VDE, COMO, Conf Catalysts LLC, IEEE, AESS Soc AB In this paper, the principle taxonomy of the fusion process, the decision loop, is unified with uncertainty quantification and representation. A typical flow of information in the decision loop takes the form of raw information, uncertainty modelling, combination, and decisions, which corresponds closely with Boyd's Observe, Orient, Decide and Act or OODA loop. The uncertainty associated with modelling during fusion system design was considered in previous works by the authors of this paper. Here, the uncertainties in the combination and decision parts of the information flow are considered. The objective of this paper is to make explicit how uncertainties that arise during design, combine with uncertainties during runtime, as well as the effect these uncertainties have on the ultimate decisions. The uncertainty representation and reasoning framework (URREF) ontology can only be meaningfully used for evaluation when the subjects of evaluation within the fusion system, and more broadly the decision loop, are defined explicitly. C1 [de Villiers, J. P.] CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa. [de Villiers, J. P.; de Waal, A.] Univ Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. [Laskey, K.; Costa, P.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Jousselme, A. -L.] NATO STO Ctr Maritime Res & Experimentat, La Spezia, Italy. [Blasch, E.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Pavlin, G.] Thales Res & Technol, D CIS Lab, Delft, Netherlands. RP de Villiers, JP (reprint author), CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa.; de Villiers, JP (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. EM jdvilliers1@csir.co.za; Anne-Laure.jousselme@cmre.nato.int; alta.dewaal@up.ac.za; gregor.pavlin@d-cis.nl; klaskey@gmu.edu; erik.blasch@rl.af.mil; pcosta@gmu.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9964-5274-8 PY 2016 BP 766 EP 773 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG7HA UT WOS:000391273400103 ER PT J AU Ilin, R Izmailov, R Goncharov, Y Streltsov, S AF Ilin, Roman Izmailov, Rauf Goncharov, Yuri Streltsov, Simon GP IEEE TI Fusion of Privileged Features for Efficient Classifier Training SO 2016 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) CY JUL 05-08, 2016 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Robert Bosch GmbH, ATLAS ELEKTRONIK, RANDOM SETS LLC, Syst & Technol Res, Metron, Continental, AIRBUS, BECKHOFF, Springer, Int Soc Informat Fus, Intelligent Sensor Actuator Syst, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Fraunhofer, VDE, COMO, Conf Catalysts LLC, IEEE, AESS Soc DE classification; sensors; support vector machines; SVM; SVM; privileged information; LUPI; similarity control; knowledge transfer; kernel functions; regression; ensemble learning AB within the supervised machine learning framework, classifier performance is significantly affected by the size of training datasets. One of the ways to improve classification accuracy with small training datasets is to utilize additional knowledge about training data that is not present in testing data. In the Learning Using Privileged Information (LUPI) learning paradigm, this additional knowledge is represented by the privileged feature space, which is fused with the standard feature space during classifier training. In this paper, we study two new algorithmic realization of LUPI, based on knowledge transfer, and compare them with the original SVM+ LUPI algorithm, which is based on similarity control. We apply the algorithms to a wide area aerial video exploitation problem, and measure misclassification error rate and execution time of both algorithms. We use minor area motion imagery (MAMI) dataset, recently released by Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). High-resolution imagery is utilized as privileged information for low-resolution imagery. We demonstrate that an ensemble knowledge transfer approach that combines multiple knowledge transfer algorithms outperforms the original SVM+ approach with the error rate reduction of up to 25%. We also show that knowledge transfer approach requires significantly less computational resources, making LUPI algorithms as scalable as SVM. C1 [Ilin, Roman] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Izmailov, Rauf] Appl Commun Sci, Basking Ridge, NJ USA. [Goncharov, Yuri; Streltsov, Simon] LongShortWay Inc, Boston, MA USA. RP Ilin, R (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rilin325@gmail.com; rizmailov@appcomsci.com; yuri@longshortway.com; simon@longshortway.com NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9964-5274-8 PY 2016 BP 1382 EP 1389 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG7HA UT WOS:000391273400183 ER PT J AU Wang, P Blasch, E Li, XR Jones, E Hanak, R Yin, WH Beach, A Brewer, P AF Wang, Ping Blasch, Erik Li, X. Rong Jones, Eric Hanak, Randy Yin, Weihong Beach, Allison Brewer, Paul GP IEEE TI Degree of Nonlinearity (DoN) Measure for Target Tracking in Videos SO 2016 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) CY JUL 05-08, 2016 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Robert Bosch GmbH, ATLAS ELEKTRONIK, RANDOM SETS LLC, Syst & Technol Res, Metron, Continental, AIRBUS, BECKHOFF, Springer, Int Soc Informat Fus, Intelligent Sensor Actuator Syst, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Fraunhofer, VDE, COMO, Conf Catalysts LLC, IEEE, AESS Soc AB Performance evaluation of tracking methods includes methods of relative and absolute performance. Absolute tracking performance is the robust end result presented to a user which determines the product solution for real world analysis. However, to achieve robust performance, the tracking method is subject to the sensor data, filtering performance, and associated models, which requires relative performance evaluation. In this paper, we highlight the efficacy of using DoN measure in evaluating video tracking capabilities. Three developments are presented as to the real-world issues associated with the nonlinear video-based tracking: (1) challenges of performance evaluation with real data, (2) approaches to utilize DoN as improvements for relative track evaluation, and (3) operational implementations lessons associated from user-defined operating picture (UDOP) plugins. Results are presented using relevant data with a highlighted tracker. C1 [Wang, Ping; Hanak, Randy; Yin, Weihong; Beach, Allison; Brewer, Paul] ObjectVideo Inc, 11600 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20191 USA. [Blasch, Erik; Jones, Eric] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Li, X. Rong] Univ New Orleans, Dept Elect Engn, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), ObjectVideo Inc, 11600 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20191 USA. EM pwang@objectvideo.com; erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil; xli@uno.edu; eric.jones.42@us.af.mil; rhanak@objectvideo.com; wyin@objectvideo.com; abeach@objectvideo.com; pbrewer@objectvideo.com NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9964-5274-8 PY 2016 BP 1390 EP 1397 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG7HA UT WOS:000391273400184 ER PT J AU Ilin, R AF Ilin, Roman GP IEEE TI Classification with Concept Lattice and Choquet Integral SO 2016 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) CY JUL 05-08, 2016 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Robert Bosch GmbH, ATLAS ELEKTRONIK, RANDOM SETS LLC, Syst & Technol Res, Metron, Continental, AIRBUS, BECKHOFF, Springer, Int Soc Informat Fus, Intelligent Sensor Actuator Syst, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Fraunhofer, VDE, COMO, Conf Catalysts LLC, IEEE, AESS Soc DE Information Fusion; Formal Concept Analysis; Probability; Lattice Theory; Belief Functions; Capacities; Choquet Integral; Statistical Pattern Recognition; Decision Theory AB This contribution explores the link between Formal Concept Analysis and non-additive set functions, called capacities, for pattern classification and decision making. Capacities can be obtained from the Concept Lattice. The use of these functions for decision making, with the help of Choquet integration, is illustrated on a two class classification problem. C1 [Ilin, Roman] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ilin, R (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rilin325@gmail.com NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9964-5274-8 PY 2016 BP 1554 EP 1561 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG7HA UT WOS:000391273400206 ER PT J AU Dunik, J Straka, O Mallick, M Blasch, E AF Dunik, J. Straka, O. Mallick, Mahendra Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI Survey of Nonlinearity and Non-Gaussianity Measures for State Estimation SO 2016 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) CY JUL 05-08, 2016 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Robert Bosch GmbH, ATLAS ELEKTRONIK, RANDOM SETS LLC, Syst & Technol Res, Metron, Continental, AIRBUS, BECKHOFF, Springer, Int Soc Informat Fus, Intelligent Sensor Actuator Syst, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Fraunhofer, VDE, COMO, Conf Catalysts LLC, IEEE, AESS Soc DE Nonlinear filtering; Non-Gaussian filtering; Measures of nonlinearity and non-Gaussianity ID EXTENDED KALMAN FILTER; SYSTEMS; STABILITY AB The paper addresses state estimation of nonlinear stochastic dynamic systems. In particular, the stress is laid on the selection and performance monitoring of estimators based on measures assessing the validity of the assumptions under which the estimators have been proposed. The main focus is placed on summary and unification of the measures of nonlinearity and non-Gaussianity which might be used in state estimation. Discussions include analysis of the measures for stability, consistency, and validity. Using both local and global measures of nonlinearity (MoNL) include differential geometry, least squares, and convex optimisation while measures of non-Gaussianity (MoNG) include moment matching and volume differencing. C1 [Dunik, J.; Straka, O.] Univ West Bohemia, Dept Cybernet, Univ 8, Plzen 30614, Czech Republic. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Dunik, J (reprint author), Univ West Bohemia, Dept Cybernet, Univ 8, Plzen 30614, Czech Republic. EM dunikj@kky.zcu.cz; straka30@kky.zcu.cz; mahendra.mallick@gmail.com; erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9964-5274-8 PY 2016 BP 1845 EP 1852 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG7HA UT WOS:000391273400245 ER PT J AU Kang, K Maroulas, V Schizas, ID Blasch, E AF Kang, Kai Maroulas, Vasileios Schizas, Ioannis D. Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI A multilevel homotopy MCMC sequential Monte Carlo filter for multi-target tracking SO 2016 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION (FUSION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) CY JUL 05-08, 2016 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Robert Bosch GmbH, ATLAS ELEKTRONIK, RANDOM SETS LLC, Syst & Technol Res, Metron, Continental, AIRBUS, BECKHOFF, Springer, Int Soc Informat Fus, Intelligent Sensor Actuator Syst, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Fraunhofer, VDE, COMO, Conf Catalysts LLC, IEEE, AESS Soc DE Sequential Monte Carlo filters; homotopy; Markov chain Monte Carlo; multi-target tracking ID PARTICLE FILTERS AB In this paper, we propose an enhanced sequential Monte Carlo filter through the design of a sophisticated Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) procedure. This MCMC procedure is appended after the resampling step of the generic sequential Monte Carlo filter to efficiently resolve the degeneracy of the algorithm. In this work, we use the effective sample size as a learning criterion to monitor the levels of homotopy in the MCMC procedure at each time instant so that the computational cost is reduced without undermining the accuracy of estimation. We test the algorithm on a multi-target tracking problem and compared to other contemporary approaches such as the bootstrap particle filter and the auxiliary particle filter (APF). Based on two scenarios, the proposed algorithm is administrated to have a significant increase in accuracy. C1 [Kang, Kai; Maroulas, Vasileios] Univ Tennessee, Dept Math, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Schizas, Ioannis D.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76010 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 14330 USA. RP Kang, K (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Math, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM kang@math.utk.edu; vmaroula@utk.edu; schizas@uta.edu; erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9964-5274-8 PY 2016 BP 2015 EP 2021 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG7HA UT WOS:000391273400268 ER PT S AU Lin, CL Shen, WW Drager, S AF Lin, Chung-Ling Shen, Wuwei Drager, Steven GP IEEE TI A Framework To Support Generation and Maintenance of An Assurance Case SO 2016 IEEE 27TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOFTWARE RELIABILITY ENGINEERING WORKSHOPS (ISSREW) SE IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE) CY OCT 23-27, 2016 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE, Carleton Univ, IEEE Comp Soc, Carleton Univ, Fac Engn & Design, Reliabil Soc DE assurance model; safety pattern; model transformation; safety critical system AB One of the greatest challenges in software intensive systems such as safety critical systems is to ensure software quality assurance (called software assurance for brevity) which encompasses some quality-related attributes such as reliability and security as well as functionality and performance. To this end, engineers prefer a safety case or an assurance case, via Goal Structuring Notation (GSN) to convey the information about software assurance in a system during its development. An assurance case, similar to a legal case, lays out an argumentation-structure with supporting evidence to claim that software assurance in a system is achieved. However, due to complexity of software intensive applications especially heterogeneity of artifacts used as evidence, the creation and management of an assurance case become a challenging issue facing the safety critical domains. In this report, we present a novel framework to automatically generate an assurance case via a safety pattern and further support the maintenance of an assurance case during a system's evolution. Last, we use the Wheel Brake System (WBS) for an aircraft as a case study to illustrate the construction and maintenance of a safety case during a system's evolution. C1 [Lin, Chung-Ling; Shen, Wuwei] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Drager, Steven] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Lin, CL (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM chung-ling.lin@wmich.edu; wuwei.shen@wmich.edu; steven.drager@us.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2375-821X BN 978-1-5090-3601-1 J9 IEEE INT SYMP SOFTW PY 2016 BP 21 EP 24 DI 10.1109/ISSREW.2016.46 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG7JT UT WOS:000391391100006 ER PT S AU Chen, W Hong, L Shetty, S Lo, D Cooper, R AF Chen, Wei Hong, Liang Shetty, Sachin Lo, Dan Cooper, Reginald GP IEEE TI Cross-layered Security Approach with Compromised Nodes Detection in Cooperative Sensor Networks SO 2016 IEEE 30TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS (IPDPSW) SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 23-27, 2016 CL Illinois Inst Technol, Chicago, IL SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Parallel Proc, ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc HO Illinois Inst Technol DE cooperative MIMO radios; cryptography; beam-forming; information theory; security of wireless communication ID WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS; MIMO; TRANSMIT; COMMUNICATION; SCHEME AB Cooperative MIMO communication is a promising technology which enables realistic solution for improving communication performance with MIMO technique in wireless networks that are composed of size and cost constrained devices. However, the security problems inherent to cooperative communication also arise. Cryptography can ensure the confidentiality in the communication and routing between authorized participants, but it usually cannot prevent the attacks from compromised nodes which may corrupt communications by sending garbled signals. In this paper, we propose a cross-layered approach to enhance the security in query-based cooperative MIMO sensor networks. The approach combines efficient cryptographic technique implemented in upper layer with a novel information theory based compromised nodes detection algorithm in physical layer. In the detection algorithm, a cluster of K cooperative nodes are used to identify up to K - 1 active compromised nodes. When the compromised nodes are detected, the key revocation is performed to isolate the compromised nodes and reconfigure the cooperative MIMO sensor network. During this process, beamforming is used to avoid the information leaking. The proposed security scheme can be easily modified and applied to cognitive radio networks. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm for compromised nodes detection is effective and efficient, and the accuracy of received information is significantly improved. C1 [Chen, Wei] Tennessee State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [Hong, Liang; Shetty, Sachin] Tennessee State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [Lo, Dan] Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. [Cooper, Reginald] US Air Force, Res Lab, London, OH USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. EM wchen@tnstate.edu; lhong@tnstate.edu; sshetty@tnstate.edu; dlo2@kennesaw.edu; reginald.cooper.2@us.af.mil OI Shetty, Sachin/0000-0002-8789-0610 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-7062 BN 978-1-5090-3682-0 J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR PY 2016 BP 499 EP 508 DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2016.88 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG7FR UT WOS:000391253600061 ER PT S AU Millar, JR Hodson, DD Seymour, R AF Millar, Jeremy R. Hodson, Douglas D. Seymour, Richard GP IEEE TI Deriving LVC State Synchronization Parameters from Interaction Requirements SO 2016 IEEE/ACM 20TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DISTRIBUTED SIMULATION AND REAL TIME APPLICATIONS (DS-RT) SE IEEE ACM International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT) CY SEP 21-23, 2016 CL London, ENGLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, ACM SIGSIM, Brunel Univ ID UPDATE AB Choosing synchronization update parameters for live, virtual, constructive simulations is of particular importance when the simulation is supporting engineering test and evaluation events. Failure to choose these parameters appropriately can lead to substantial data quality problems. This work introduces the notion of plausibility limits for entity interactions based on spatial errors derived from state variable divergence. Moreover, it presents a state update model that provides probabilistic guarantees on meeting interaction requirements expressed as plausibility limits. Finally, it presents an example of these guarantees based on entity state data sampled from a popular online game. C1 [Millar, Jeremy R.; Hodson, Douglas D.; Seymour, Richard] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45344 USA. RP Millar, JR (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45344 USA. EM jmillar@afit.edu; dhodson@afit.edu; rseymour@afit.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-6525 BN 978-1-5090-3505-2 J9 IEEE ACM DIS SIM PY 2016 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1109/DS-RT.2016.32 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BG7PW UT WOS:000391589800010 ER PT S AU Yan, S Greenwood, AD Jin, JM AF Yan, Su Greenwood, Andrew D. Jin, Jian-Ming GP IEEE TI Nonlinear Modeling of Plasma Shielding Effect During High-Power Microwave Breakdown SO 2016 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Fajardo, PR SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Antennas & Propagat Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers AB The high-power microwave (HPM) breakdown in air would result in a sharp increase of the number density of the plasma, which generates strong secondary electromagnetic ( EM) fields that can cancel the incident fields and act like a macroscopic plasma shield. If such an air breakdown takes place in a HPM device, it will result in the so-called tail erosion and severely limit the performance of the device. In this paper, the EM-plasma interaction and the HPM air breakdown are modeled by a coupled nonlinear EM-plasma system, which is solved by a coupled nodal discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) scheme. The air breakdown and plasma formation in a metallic aperture are simulated to demonstrate the capability of the DGTD method in the modeling of HPM breakdown problems. C1 [Yan, Su; Jin, Jian-Ming] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Greenwood, Andrew D.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Yan, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM suyan@illinois.edu; icepic.afrl@us.af.mil; j-jin1@illinois.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-5090-2886-3 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2016 BP 627 EP 628 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG3XZ UT WOS:000388377100303 ER PT S AU Champion, M Tomasic, B AF Champion, Michelle Tomasic, Boris GP IEEE TI A Novel Method for Computing Element Patterns in Large/Complex Periodic Circular/Cylindrical Arrays SO 2016 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Fajardo, PR SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Antennas & Propagat Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers AB As known, element patterns of large planar arrays can be calculated from an infinite array approximation using a Floquet unit cell approach. For large conformal arrays, however, unit cell methods can't be used, and element patterns must be calculated numerically by solving the full boundary value problem, leading to a prohibitively large number of unknowns. In this work we describe a novel method for computing element patterns in large and complex periodic arrays with rotational symmetry. The method is based on phase sequence excitation of the array elements in a radial unit cell, and therefore it is very efficient and reduces the memory requirements. It can be easily implemented using parallel processing, thus it can be interpreted as a domain decomposition method in phase-space. C1 [Champion, Michelle; Tomasic, Boris] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Champion, M (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michelle.champion@us.af.mil; boris.tomasic@us.af.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-5090-2886-3 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2016 BP 771 EP 772 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG3XZ UT WOS:000388377100373 ER PT S AU Ayoub, FN Tawk, Y Costantine, J Christodoulou, CG Lane, S Murrell, D AF Ayoub, F. N. Tawk, Y. Costantine, J. Christodoulou, C. G. Lane, Steven Murrell, David GP IEEE TI W/V-band Reconfigurable Array Using Highly Anisotropic Liquid Crystals SO 2016 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Fajardo, PR SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Antennas & Propagat Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers AB a Liquid Crystal (LC) based reconfigurable antenna array design at W/V-band is presented in this paper. The array exhibits both frequency tuning and beam steering due to the dielectric anisotropy of the LC at microwave frequencies. The design of the array is optimized to ensure reconfiguration while having the least number of connections to DC sources. The array is fed using a Grounded Coplanar Waveguide (GCPW) feed. C1 [Ayoub, F. N.; Tawk, Y.; Costantine, J.; Christodoulou, C. G.] Univ New Mexico, COSMIAC, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Lane, Steven; Murrell, David] US Air Force, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ayoub, FN (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, COSMIAC, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM fayoub00@unm.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-5090-2886-3 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2016 BP 795 EP 796 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG3XZ UT WOS:000388377100385 ER PT S AU Pan, XY Christodoulou, CG Lawrance, J AF Pan, Xuyuan Christodoulou, Christos G. Lawrance, Julie GP IEEE TI Design of High Power Microwave Antennas Using 3D Printing Technology SO 2016 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Fajardo, PR SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Antennas & Propagat Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers AB Complementary-split-ring (CSR) Slotted Waveguide Antennas have been proven to be critical to high-power-microwave (HPM) systems, due to their compact size, high gain and high power-handling capability. CSR-SWA designs depend on highly accurate electromagnetic simulations that take geometric details into full account. Conventional antenna manufacturing approaches such as direct machining and platelet technology lack the ability to precisely translate the electromagnetic simulation model into its physical metallization. To rapidly prototype complex 3D antenna structures in a cost-effective way, we propose an approach applying stereolithography or 3D printing technology. An S-band CSR-SWA printed on acrylonitrile butadiene styrene ( ABS) and coated with metallic paint is tested. It is shown that 3D printing is capable of providing manufacturing precision for CSR-SWAs that makes fast prototyping of CSR-SWAs for HPM applications possible. C1 [Pan, Xuyuan; Christodoulou, Christos G.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Configurable Space Microsyst Innovat & Applicat C, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Lawrance, Julie] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pan, XY (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Configurable Space Microsyst Innovat & Applicat C, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-5090-2886-3 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2016 BP 821 EP 822 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG3XZ UT WOS:000388377100398 ER PT S AU Iftikhar, A Parrow, JM Asif, SM Sajal, SZ Braaten, BD Allen, J Allen, M Wenner, B AF Iftikhar, A. Parrow, J. M. Asif, S. M. Sajal, S. Z. Braaten, B. D. Allen, J. Allen, M. Wenner, B. GP IEEE TI A Printed Dipole Reconfigured with Magneto-Static Responsive Structures that do not Require a Directly Connected Biasing Circuit SO 2016 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Fajardo, PR SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Antennas & Propagat Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers AB An initial study of novel Magneto-static Responsive Structures (MRSs) and their application to the frequency reconfigurability of a printed dipole antenna is presented here. The embodiment of the MRSs consisted of a cylindrical cavity with a diameter of 0.9 mm drilled into a 20.0 mil thick 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm TMM4 substrate. The cavities were partially filled with silver coated magnetic particles and covered on the top and bottom with copper tape. The conducting magnetic particles responded to an externally applied magnetic field and formed columns in the direction of the magnetic field lines. The columns connected the top and bottom conducting planes, acting as a switch. It was demonstrated that the electrical length of an antenna could be changed and the resonant frequencies could be reconfigured from 1.5 GHz to 1.9 GHz by incorporating the MRSs into the dipole antenna and controlling the ON and OFF states of the MRS switch. Overall, it was shown that the simulated results agreed well with the measurements. It was also demonstrated that the proposed MRSs do not need directly connected biasing circuitry, making them particularly useful for complex antenna designs. C1 [Iftikhar, A.; Parrow, J. M.; Asif, S. M.; Sajal, S. Z.; Braaten, B. D.] North Dakota State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Allen, J.; Allen, M.] AFRL RWMFT Air Force Res, Lab Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Wenner, B.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45432 USA. RP Braaten, BD (reprint author), North Dakota State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM ben.braaten@ieee.org NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-5090-2886-3 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2016 BP 1057 EP 1058 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG3XZ UT WOS:000388377100513 ER PT S AU Zemba, M Nessel, J Houts, J Tarasenko, N Lane, S Murrell, D AF Zemba, Michael Nessel, James Houts, Jacquelynne Tarasenko, Nicholas Lane, Steven Murrell, David GP IEEE TI Preliminary Results from the AFRL-NASA W/V-Band Terrestrial Link Experiment in Albuquerque, NM SO 2016 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Fajardo, PR SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Antennas & Propagat Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers DE millimeter wave propagation; propagation losses; radiowave propagation AB Atmospheric propagation models and the measurements that train them are critical to the design of efficient and effective space-ground links. As communication systems advance to higher frequencies in search of higher data rates and open spectrum, a lack data at these frequencies necessitates new measurements to properly develop, validate, and refine the models used for link budgeting and system design. In collaboration with the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), NASA Glenn Research Center has deployed the W/V-band Terrestrial Link Experiment (WTLE) in Albuquerque, NM to conduct a measurement campaign at 72 and 84 GHz, among the first atmospheric propagation measurements at these frequencies. WTLE has been operational since October 1, 2015, and the system design shall be herein discussed alongside preliminary results and performance. C1 [Zemba, Michael; Nessel, James; Houts, Jacquelynne] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Adv High Frequency Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Tarasenko, Nicholas; Lane, Steven; Murrell, David] US Air Force, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Zemba, M (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Adv High Frequency Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-5090-2886-3 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2016 BP 1249 EP 1250 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG3XZ UT WOS:000388377100604 ER PT S AU Tarasenko, NP Lane, SA Murrell, DA Christodoulou, C Nessel, J Zemba, M Houts, J AF Tarasenko, Nicholas P. Lane, Steven A. Murrell, David A. Christodoulou, Christos Nessel, James Zemba, Michael Houts, Jacquelynne GP IEEE TI W/V-band Terrestrial Link Experiment, an Overview SO 2016 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Fajardo, PR SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Antennas & Propagat Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers DE WTLE; W/V-band; atmospheric propagation AB The Air Force Research Laboratory in partnership with NASA Glenn Research Center and the University of New Mexico have initiated the W/V-band Terrestrial Link Experiment (WTLE) to conduct propagation analysis at W/V-band frequencies. An overview is provided of the system and ancillary equipment to facilitate the propagation experiment. C1 [Tarasenko, Nicholas P.; Lane, Steven A.; Murrell, David A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87123 USA. [Christodoulou, Christos] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Nessel, James; Zemba, Michael; Houts, Jacquelynne] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Tarasenko, NP (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87123 USA. EM nicholas.tarasenko@us.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-5090-2886-3 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2016 BP 1259 EP 1260 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG3XZ UT WOS:000388377100609 ER PT S AU Herscovici, N Champion, M AF Herscovici, Naftali Champion, Michelle GP IEEE TI Considerations in the Design of Parallel Plate Luneburg Beamformers and Cylindrical Arrays SO 2016 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Fajardo, PR SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Antennas & Propagat Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers AB We present a new concept for a low-profile, low cost integrated multi-beam cylindrical array. It consists of a parallel plate 2D Luneburg beamformer feeding a cylindrical aperture. The concept incorporates a number of novel features, such as low profile, and highly directive excitations. All these features are introduced in order to reduce volume, weight and ultimately cost. The paper discusses the various challenges this concept presents, and ways to mitigate these difficulties. C1 [Herscovici, Naftali; Champion, Michelle] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Herscovici, N (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM naftali.herscovici.2@us.af.mil; michelle.champion@us.af.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-5090-2886-3 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2016 BP 1349 EP 1350 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG3XZ UT WOS:000388377100652 ER PT S AU Wright, M Ali, M Baron, W Miller, J Tuss, J Zeppettella, D AF Wright, M. Ali, M. Baron, W. Miller, J. Tuss, J. Zeppettella, D. GP IEEE TI Effect of Bias Traces and Wires on a MEMS Reconfigurable Pixelated Patch Antenna SO 2016 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Fajardo, PR SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Antennas & Propagat Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers ID LINKS AB The simulated studies showing the effect of DC bias lines on an aperture coupled reconfigurable pixelated patch antenna for CLAS applications is presented. The simulations show significant deterioration in S11 and gain for all operating modes when copper bias wires are introduced. A solution utilizing very high sheet resistance bias lines in place of copper traces is proposed. C1 [Wright, M.; Ali, M.] Univ South Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Baron, W.; Miller, J.; Tuss, J.; Zeppettella, D.] US Air Force, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wright, M (reprint author), Univ South Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM wrigh297@email.sc.edu; alimo@cec.sc.edu; william.baron.1@us.af.mil; Jason.miller.ctr@us.af.mil; james.tuss@us.af.mil; david.zeppettella@us.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-5090-2886-3 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2016 BP 1429 EP 1430 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG3XZ UT WOS:000388377100691 ER PT S AU Murrell, DA Lane, SA Tarasenko, NP Christodoulou, C AF Murrell, David A. Lane, Steven A. Tarasenko, Nicholas P. Christodoulou, Christos GP IEEE TI A Review of Spaced Based RF Propagation Experiments and Examination of a New Interest in W/V Band (40-110 GHz) Studies SO 2016 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Fajardo, PR SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Antennas & Propagat Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers ID PATHS AB V and W band frequencies are becoming increasingly more interesting to system designers as the demand for communications bandwidth continues to grow. Regulated applications of the RF spectrum in these bands are few and provide an opportunity for new applications at high data rates. We review the current interest at these frequencies and the previous orbital experiments designed to conduct long term RF attenuation measurement studies. Lastly, we discuss the outstanding research questions in V and W band necessary for future communication system development. C1 [Murrell, David A.; Lane, Steven A.; Tarasenko, Nicholas P.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Christodoulou, Christos] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Murrell, DA (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM david.murrell@us.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-5090-2886-3 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2016 BP 1527 EP 1528 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG3XZ UT WOS:000388377100739 ER PT S AU Zeppettella, DL Ali, M AF Zeppettella, David L. Ali, Mohammod GP IEEE TI VHF Antenna for Airfoil Structural Integration SO 2016 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Fajardo, PR SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Antennas & Propagat Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers DE VHF; conformal; antenna; structural AB The analyses and design of a conformal VHF antenna is introduced for airfoil structural integration. By investigating and optimizing two conducting plates, stubs, and a slot a broadband design covering the frequency range of 95-241 MHz is achieved. C1 [Zeppettella, David L.] AFRL, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Ali, Mohammod] Univ South Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Zeppettella, DL (reprint author), AFRL, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM david.zeppettella@us.af.mil; alimo@cec.sc.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-5090-2886-3 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2016 BP 1861 EP 1862 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG3XZ UT WOS:000388377100903 ER PT S AU Tomasic, B Maxwell, K Wheatcroft, J McNeely, C AF Tomasic, Boris Maxwell, Kasandra Wheatcroft, Justin McNeely, Charlie GP IEEE TI CEM-Based Extraction Method for Measuring Complex Permittivity SO 2016 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Fajardo, PR SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Antennas & Propagat Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers AB A common way to determine the electromagnetic properties of dielectric materials is to insert a sample of the material into a waveguide and measure the resulting reflection and transmission, i.e. the S-parameters. From the S-parameters the complex permittivity, epsilon can then be extracted by use of various inversion schemes/algorithms, such as Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) method. However, the NRW method is known to have inherently poor accuracy for high-permittivity materials. To mitigate this deficiency, here we propose an alternative approach for material parameter extraction. The novel method is based on measured S-parameter data and computational electromagnetics (CEM) simulation. In this method there is no restrictions on the shape and size of the material under test (MUT), as long as it fits in the waveguide and can be modeled with the CEM codes. In addition, the MUT does not have to be a single dielectric sample but it may be part of a combined metal/dielectric structure. We demonstrated this approach by measuring the complex permittivity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) ceramic samples, with typical relative permittivity of 100. C1 [Tomasic, Boris; Maxwell, Kasandra] US Air Force, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wheatcroft, Justin; McNeely, Charlie] BarrieHill Res Corp, 7735 Paragon Rd, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. RP Tomasic, B (reprint author), US Air Force, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM boris.tomasic@us.af.mil; kasandra.maxwell.1@us.af.mil; justin.wheatcroft.ctr@us.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-5090-2886-3 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2016 BP 1983 EP 1984 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG3XZ UT WOS:000388377100964 ER PT S AU Uber, R Wood, A AF Uber, Richard Wood, Aihua GP IEEE TI Transient Scattering from Two Cavities Embedded in a Ground Plane SO 2016 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Fajardo, PR SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Antennas & Propagat Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers AB This work presents a numerical method for modeling electromagnetic scattering from two-dimensional cavities embedded in a perfectly conducting ground plane. First, the problem is discretized in time with Newmark's method, then solved using finite-element boundary-integral technique. A proof is presented to demonstrate that the discretized variational formulation is well-posed at each time step. C1 [Uber, Richard; Wood, Aihua] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45419 USA. RP Uber, R (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45419 USA. EM richard.uber@afit.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-5090-2886-3 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2016 BP 2089 EP 2090 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG3XZ UT WOS:000388377101013 ER PT S AU Mattamana, A Gouty, W Khalil, W Watson, P Patel, VJ AF Mattamana, A. Gouty, W. Khalil, W. Watson, P. Patel, V. J. GP IEEE TI Multi-octave and Frequency-agile LNAs Covering S-C Band using 0.25 mu m GaN Technology SO 2016 IEEE COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM (CSICS) SE IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium Technical Digest LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium (IEEE CSICS) CY OCT 23-26, 2016 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE DE Frequency-agile; Broadband; Low Noise Amplifier; Receiver; GaN; Telemetry; Multi-band; Multifunctional; Noise Figure; Output Third Order Intercept; CSWaP AB This paper reports the design and measured results of a multi-octave low noise amplifier (LNA) and a frequency-agile LNA utilizing a 0.25 mu m gallium nitride (GaN) integrated circuit process technology for multi-band receiver applications. The demonstrated broadband LNA covers an instantaneous bandwidth from S- to C-bands (2.2-7.0 GHz), and the frequency-agile LNA cumulatively spans across 3 distinct bands (2.2-2.4 GHz, 4.4-5.0 GHz, and 5.0-6.7 GHz). The measured noise figure (NF), output third order intercept (OIP3), and peak gain of the wideband LNA is 1.0-1.7 dB, 19.0-26.0 dBm, and 10.6 dB with a gain flatness of +/- 0.35 dB respectively at a nominal power consumption of 480 mW across the band. At the same nominal power consumption, the frequency-agile LNA demonstrated a NF of 1.3, 1.4, and 1.2 dB; OIP3 of 23, 27, and 31 dBm; and gain of 13.6, 10.6, and 10.8 dB at 2.3 GHz, 4.7 GHz, and 5.8 GHz, respectively. The performance of the frequency-agile LNA is comparable to that of optimized narrowband LNAs at S- and C-bands. Compared to the multi-octave LNA, the frequency-agile LNA demonstrated better performance in gain and OIP3 at the frequencies of interest. C1 [Mattamana, A.; Gouty, W.; Watson, P.; Patel, V. J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Khalil, W.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Mattamana, A (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-8781 BN 978-1-5090-1608-2 J9 COMP SEMICOND INTEGR PY 2016 BP 24 EP 28 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG7LU UT WOS:000391432400007 ER PT S AU Rashid, S Dupaix, B Watson, P Gaber, W Patel, VJ Mattamana, A Dooley, S LaRue, M Khalil, W AF Rashid, Shahriar Dupaix, Brian Watson, Paul Gaber, Wagdy Patel, Vipul J. Mattamana, Aji Dooley, Steven LaRue, Matthew Khalil, Waleed GP IEEE TI A Wide-Band Complementary Digital Driver for Pulse Modulated Single-Ended and Differential S/C Bands Class-E PAs in 130 nm GaAs Technology SO 2016 IEEE COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM (CSICS) SE IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium Technical Digest LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium (IEEE CSICS) CY OCT 23-26, 2016 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE DE Pre-Amplifier; Wide-Band; Digital Driver; Buffer; Class E; Power Amplifier; PPM; PWM; GaAs ID E POWER-AMPLIFIER; CMOS AB Wide-band digital drivers are indispensable for SMPAs (Switched Mode Power Amplifiers) in PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) and PPM (Pulse Position Modulation) applications. This paper presents the design of a wideband RF pre-amplifying buffer, innovated for very low dropout and low power complementary operation in heterojunction technologies affording only depletion type devices. A simple, passive bias level shifting technique is also incorporated to facilitate interfacing the digital modulator in silicon substrate with the PA in III-V wafer. In order to experimentally validate the concepts, the proposed driver is employed for driving an S-band single-ended class-E PA as well as for its differential version, modified to switch over S and C bands, in 130 nm GaAs pHEMT technology. The output powers of the differential amplifier are combined using on-chip transformer balun. Test results of both chips demonstrate that the implemented drivers consume less than 4% of the overall PA efficiencies, wherein the buffer responds linearly to the wideband input pulses when tested alone. C1 [Rashid, Shahriar; Dupaix, Brian; Gaber, Wagdy; LaRue, Matthew; Khalil, Waleed] Ohio State Univ, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Watson, Paul; Patel, Vipul J.; Mattamana, Aji; Dooley, Steven] Air Force Res Lab, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rashid, S (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-8781 BN 978-1-5090-1608-2 J9 COMP SEMICOND INTEGR PY 2016 BP 33 EP 36 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG7LU UT WOS:000391432400009 ER PT S AU Blevins, JD Via, GD AF Blevins, J. D. Via, G. D. GP IEEE TI Prospects for Gallium Nitride-on-Diamond Transistors SO 2016 IEEE COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM (CSICS) SE IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium Technical Digest LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium (IEEE CSICS) CY OCT 23-26, 2016 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE DE GaN; HEMT; CVD polycrystalline diamond; thermal management AB Strategies aimed at improving the near junction heat removal of Gallium Nitride (GaN) High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) are presently limiting GaN device technology from realization of its true capability [1]. Approximately ten years ago, Cree demonstrated AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with power densities exceeding 40 W/mm [2]. Control of the GaN junction temperature requires integration of thermal transport solutions near the heat source to ensure optimal performance and reliable operation [3]. An approach under consideration is the use of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) polycrystalline diamond inserted within microns of the device junction. Recent AFRL and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) efforts have shown that replacing the epitaxial host substrate with high thermal conductivity polycrystalline diamond substrates can improve the GaN HEMT areal power density >3Xs [4-9]. This paper will examine the motivation behind the use of diamond, integration approaches, material/device results and key technological challenges going forward. C1 [Blevins, J. D.; Via, G. D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blevins, JD (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-8781 BN 978-1-5090-1608-2 J9 COMP SEMICOND INTEGR PY 2016 BP 102 EP 105 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG7LU UT WOS:000391432400024 ER PT S AU Thomas, CM Quach, T Telliez, I Nakatani, T Kimball, D Larson, LE AF Thomas, Chris M. Quach, Tony Telliez, Isabelle Nakatani, Toshifumi Kimball, Donald Larson, Lawrence E. GP IEEE TI A 250 nm GaN N-path Filter IC with+27 dBm Blocker Tolerance SO 2016 IEEE COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM (CSICS) SE IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium Technical Digest LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium (IEEE CSICS) CY OCT 23-26, 2016 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE DE Bandpass filter; GaN; N-path filtering; passive mixer; SAW-less AB A fully integrated 250 nm GaN bandpass N-path filter is presented for high blocker tolerance applications. Measurements from 200 MHz to 1.9 GHz of a 4-phase shunt architecture demonstrate a broadband tunable bandpass response with insertion loss less than 5 dB, out-of-band rejection of 18 dB, in-band blocker B1dB of +18 dBm, and out-of-band blocker BldB of +27 dBm. C1 [Thomas, Chris M.; Telliez, Isabelle; Nakatani, Toshifumi; Kimball, Donald] MaXentr Technol LLC, Ft Lee, NJ 07024 USA. [Thomas, Chris M.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Quach, Tony] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Larson, Lawrence E.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Thomas, CM (reprint author), MaXentr Technol LLC, Ft Lee, NJ 07024 USA.; Thomas, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-8781 BN 978-1-5090-1608-2 J9 COMP SEMICOND INTEGR PY 2016 BP 301 EP 304 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG7LU UT WOS:000391432400074 ER PT S AU Baker, CC Friebele, EJ Askins, CG Hunt, MP Marcheschi, BA Fontana, J Peele, JR Kim, W Sanghera, J Zhang, J Pattnaik, RK Merkle, LD Dubinskii, M Chen, YM Dajani, IA Mart, C AF Baker, Colin C. Friebele, E. Joseph Askins, Charles G. Hunt, Michael P. Marcheschi, Barbara A. Fontana, Jake Peele, John R. Kim, Woohong Sanghera, Jasbinder Zhang, Jun Pattnaik, Radha K. Merkle, Larry D. Dubinskii, Mark chen, Youming Dajani, Iyad A. Mart, Cody BE Ballato, J TI Nanoparticle Doping for Improved Er-doped Fiber Lasers SO FIBER LASERS XIII: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers XIII -Technology, Systems, and Applications CY FEB 15-18, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A S, PolarOnyx Inc DE Erbium doped fiber; nanoparticles; high energy lasers; fiber lasers ID BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING SUPPRESSION AB A nanoparticle (NP) doping technique was used for making erbium-doped fibers (EDFs) for high energy lasers. The nanoparticles were doped into the silica soot of preforms, which were drawn into fibers. The Er luminescence lifetimes of the NP-doped cores are longer than those of corresponding solution-doped silica, and substantially less Al is incorporated into the NP-doped cores. Optical-to-optical slope efficiencies of greater than 71% have been measured. Initial investigations of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) have indicated that SBS suppression is achieved by NP doping, where we observed a low intrinsic Brillouin gain coefficient, of similar to 1x 10(-11) m/W and the Brillouin bandwidth was increased by 2.5x compared to fused silica. C1 [Baker, Colin C.; Friebele, E. Joseph; Askins, Charles G.; Hunt, Michael P.; Marcheschi, Barbara A.; Fontana, Jake; Kim, Woohong; Sanghera, Jasbinder] US Navy, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Peele, John R.] Sotera Def Syst, 430 Natl Business Pkwy, Annapolis, MD 20701 USA. [Zhang, Jun; Pattnaik, Radha K.; Merkle, Larry D.; Dubinskii, Mark; chen, Youming] US Army, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Dajani, Iyad A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Mart, Cody] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Baker, CC (reprint author), US Navy, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-963-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9728 AR UNSP 97280T DI 10.1117/12.2217905 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG7JR UT WOS:000391388500026 ER PT S AU Dajani, I Flores, A Holten, R Anderson, B Pulford, B Ehrenreich, T AF Dajani, Iyad Flores, Angel Holten, Roger Anderson, Brian Pulford, Benjamin Ehrenreich, Thomas BE Ballato, J TI Multi-kilowatt power scaling and coherent beam combining of narrow-linewidth fiber lasers SO FIBER LASERS XIII: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers XIII -Technology, Systems, and Applications CY FEB 15-18, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A S, PolarOnyx Inc DE Yb-doped fiber lasers; stimulated Brillouin scattering; modal instability ID SINGLE-FREQUENCY; PHASE MODULATION; MODE-INSTABILITY; OPTICAL-FIBERS; AMPLIFIER; THRESHOLD AB We report results from two similar to 1.5 kW Yb-doped fiber amplifiers with comparable optical to optical efficiencies and linewidths. One amplifier utilized a fiber with a core diameter of 25 mu m while the core diameter of the fiber utilized in the other amplifier was 20 mu m. Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) suppression in both cases was achieved through pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) phase modulation. While the power generated in the larger core fiber was modal instability (MI) limited, no sign of MI was observed in the smaller core fiber. This may allow us to utilize the higher MI threshold fiber to scale further while maintaining sufficiently narrow linewidth for beam combining. Furthermore, in a demonstration of the utility of applying a thermal gradient in conjunction with phase modulation to suppress SBS further, we report on a 1 kW amplifier driven at a PRBS clock rate of 2 GHz. Finally, we compare the coherent beam combining properties of amplifiers seeded with PRBS phase modulated sources to those seeded with white noise sources. C1 [Dajani, Iyad; Flores, Angel; Holten, Roger; Anderson, Brian; Pulford, Benjamin; Ehrenreich, Thomas] US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Dajani, I (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-963-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9728 AR UNSP 972801 DI 10.1117/12.2218216 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG7JR UT WOS:000391388500002 ER PT S AU Flores, A Ehrenreich, T Holten, R Anderson, B Dajani, I AF Flores, Angel Ehrenreich, Thomas Holten, Roger Anderson, Brian Dajani, Iyad BE Ballato, J TI Multi-kW Coherent Combining of Fiber Lasers Seeded with Pseudo Random Phase Modulated Light SO FIBER LASERS XIII: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers XIII -Technology, Systems, and Applications CY FEB 15-18, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A S, PolarOnyx Inc DE Fiber lasers and amplifiers; Laser beam combining; phase modulation ID AMPLIFIERS; ARRAY AB We report efficient coherent beam combining of five kilowatt-class fiber amplifiers with a diffractive optical element (DOE). Based on a master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) configuration, the amplifiers were seeded with pseudo random phase modulated light. Each non-polarization maintaining fiber amplifier was optically path length matched and provides approximately 1.2 kW of near diffraction-limited output power (measured M-2 < 1.1). Consequently, a low power sample of each laser was utilized for active linear polarization control. A low power sample of the combined beam after the DOE provided an error signal for active phase locking which was performed via Locking of Optical Coherence by Single-Detector Electronic-Frequency Tagging (LOCSET). After phase stabilization, the beams were coherently combined via the 1x5 DOE. A total combined output power of 4.9 kW was achieved with 82% combining efficiency and excellent beam quality (M-2 < 1.1). The intrinsic DOE splitter loss was 5%. Similarly, losses due in part to non-ideal polarization, ASE content, uncorrelated wavefront errors, and misalignment errors contributed to the efficiency reduction. C1 [Flores, Angel; Ehrenreich, Thomas; Holten, Roger; Anderson, Brian; Dajani, Iyad] US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Flores, A (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-963-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9728 AR UNSP 97281Y DI 10.1117/12.2213423 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG7JR UT WOS:000391388500053 ER PT S AU Naderi, NA Flores, A Anderson, BM Rowland, K Dajani, I AF Naderi, Nader A. Flores, Angel Anderson, Brian M. Rowland, Ken, Jr. Dajani, Iyad BE Ballato, J TI Kilowatt high-efficiency narrow-linewidth monolithic fiber amplifier operating at 1034 nm SO FIBER LASERS XIII: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers XIII -Technology, Systems, and Applications CY FEB 15-18, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A S, PolarOnyx Inc DE fiber lasers; stimulated Brillouin scattering; phase modulation ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-FIBERS; POWER AB Power scaling investigation of a narrow-linewidth, Ytterbium-doped all-fiber amplifier operating at 1034 nm is presented. Nonlinear stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effects were suppressed through the utilization of an external phase modulation technique. Here, the power amplifier was seeded with a spectrally broadened master oscillator and the results were compared using both pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) and white noise source (WNS) phase modulation formats. By utilizing an optical band pass filter as well as optimizing the length of fiber used in the pre-amplifier stages, we were able to appreciably suppress unwanted amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). Notably, through PRBS phase modulation, greater than two-fold enhancement in threshold power was achieved when compared to the WNS modulated case. Consequently, by further optimizing both the power amplifier length and PRBS pattern at a clock rate of 3.5 GHz, we demonstrated 1 kilowatt of power with a slope efficiency of 81% and an overall ASE content of less than 1%. Beam quality measurements at 1 kilowatt provided near diffraction-limited operation (M-2 < 1.2) with no sign of modal instability. To the best of our knowledge, the power scaling results achieved in this work represent the highest power reported for a spectrally narrow all-fiber amplifier operating at < 1040 nm in Yb-doped silica-based fiber. C1 [Naderi, Nader A.; Flores, Angel; Anderson, Brian M.; Rowland, Ken, Jr.; Dajani, Iyad] US Air Force, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Naderi, NA (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-963-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9728 AR UNSP 972803 DI 10.1117/12.2211803 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG7JR UT WOS:000391388500004 ER PT S AU Naderi, NA Flores, A Anderson, BM Dajani, I AF Naderi, Nader A. Flores, Angel Anderson, Brian M. Dajani, Iyad BE Ballato, J TI Kilowatt-Level Narrow-Linewidth Monolithic Fiber Amplifier Based on Laser Gain Competition SO FIBER LASERS XIII: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers XIII -Technology, Systems, and Applications CY FEB 15-18, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A S, PolarOnyx Inc DE fiber lasers; stimulated Brillouin scattering; phase modulation ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; HIGH-POWER; PHASE; KW AB Laser gain competition was used in conjunction with external phase modulation techniques in order to investigate power scaling of narrow-linewidth monolithic Ytterbium-doped fiber amplifiers. In this study, both pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) and filtered white noise source (WNS) modulation techniques were separately utilized to drive the external phase modulator for linewidth broadening. The final-stage amplifier was then seeded with the phase modulated narrow-linewidth 1064 nm signal along with a spectrally broader 1038 nm source. Consequently, integration of laser gain competition in conjunction with PRBS phase modulation yields a factor of similar to 15 dB in stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold enhancement at a clock rate of 2.5 GHz; leading to 1 kilowatt of output power with 85% optical efficiency at 1064 nm. Notably, the combination of PRBS phase modulation with laser gain competition provided superior enhancement in SBS threshold power when compared to the WNS modulated case. The beam quality at maximum power was near the diffraction limit (M-2 < 1.2) with no sign of modal instability. Overall, the power scaling results represent a significant reduction in spectral linewidth compared to that of commercially available narrow-linewidth Ytterbium-doped fiber amplifiers. C1 [Naderi, Nader A.; Flores, Angel; Anderson, Brian M.; Dajani, Iyad] US Air Force, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Naderi, NA (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-963-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9728 AR UNSP 972824 DI 10.1117/12.2211815 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG7JR UT WOS:000391388500005 ER PT S AU Ward, BG AF Ward, Benjamin G. BE Ballato, J TI Accurate modeling of rod-type photonic crystal fiber amplifiers SO FIBER LASERS XIII: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers XIII -Technology, Systems, and Applications CY FEB 15-18, 2016 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A S, PolarOnyx Inc DE Fiber Lasers; Fiber Amplifiers; Photonic Crystal Fibers; Thermal Effects; Power Scaling; Modeling ID INSTABILITY THRESHOLD; POWER; IMPACT AB This paper describes a numerical method of accurately modeling large pitch rod type photonic crystal fiber amplifiers taking into account a converged solution to the thermo-optic feedback loop. This method also accounts for the possibility of asymmetric doping profiles and directly treats higher order mode stimulated thermal Rayleigh scattering gain competition along the entire length of the amplifier. Example applications are described. This approach enables further fiber design optimization to increase peak and average amplifier power outputs. C1 [Ward, Benjamin G.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ward, BG (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-963-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9728 AR UNSP 97280F DI 10.1117/12.2214477 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG7JR UT WOS:000391388500014 ER PT S AU Haugan, HJ Olson, BV Brown, GJ Kadlec, EA Kim, JK Shaner, EA AF Haugan, H. J. Olson, B. V. Brown, G. J. Kadlec, E. A. Kim, J. K. Shaner, E. A. BE LeVan, PD Sood, AK Wijewarnasuriya, P DSouza, AI TI Study of minority carrier lifetimes in very long-wave infrared strained-layer InAs/GaInSb superlattices SO INFRARED SENSORS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications VI CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID DETECTORS; GROWTH; GASB AB Significantly improved carrier lifetimes in very long wavelength infrared (VLWIR) InAs/GaInSb superlattice (SL) absorbers are demonstrated by using time-resolved microwave reflectance (TMR) measurements. A nominal 47.0 angstrom InAs/21.5 angstrom Ga0.75In0.25Sb SL structure that produces an approximately 25 mu m response at 10 K has a minority carrier lifetime of 140 +/- 20 ns at 18 K, which is an order-of-magnitude improvement compare to previously reported lifetime values for other VLWIR detector absorbers. This improvement is attributed to the strain-engineered ternary SL design, which offers a variety of epitaxial advantages and ultimately leads to the improvements in the minority carrier lifetime by mitigating defect-mediated Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination centers. By analyzing the temperaturedependence of TMR decay data, the recombination mechanisms and trap states that currently limit the performance of this SL absorber are identified. The results show a general decrease in the long-decay lifetime component, which is dominated by SRH recombination at temperatures below similar to 30 K, and by Auger recombination at temperatures above similar to 45 K. This result implies that minimal improvement can be made in the minority carrier lifetime at temperatures greater than 45 K without further suppressing Auger recombination through proper band engineering, which suggests that the improvement to be gained by mitigation of the SRH defects would not be substantial at these temperatures. At temperatures lower than 30 K, some improvement can be attained by mitigated of the SRH recombination centers. Since the strain-balanced ternary SL design offers a reasonably good absorption coefficient and many epitaxial advantages during growth, this VLWIR SL material system should be considered a competitive candidate for VLWIR photodetector technology. C1 [Haugan, H. J.; Brown, G. J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Olson, B. V.; Kadlec, E. A.; Kim, J. K.; Shaner, E. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0339-4; 978-1-5106-0340-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9974 AR UNSP 997403 DI 10.1117/12.2236535 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BG6UH UT WOS:000390844000001 ER PT S AU LeVan, PD Sakoglu, U AF LeVan, Paul D. Sakoglu, Uenal BE LeVan, PD Sood, AK Wijewarnasuriya, P DSouza, AI TI LWIR pupil imaging and longer-term calibration stability SO INFRARED SENSORS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications VI CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE infrared; LWIR; read-out integrated circuit; background suppression; non-uniformity correction AB A previous paper described LWIR pupil imaging, and an improved understanding of the behavior of this type of sensor for which the high-sensitivity focal plane array (FPA) operated at higher flux levels includes a reversal in signal integration polarity. We have since considered a candidate methodology for efficient, long-term calibration stability that exploits the following two properties of pupil imaging: (1) a fixed pupil position on the FPA, and (2) signal levels from the scene imposed on significant but fixed LWIR background levels. These two properties serve to keep each pixel operating over a limited dynamic range that corresponds to its location in the pupil and to the signal levels generated at this location by the lower and upper calibration flux levels. Exploiting this property for which each pixel of the Pupil Imager operates over its limited dynamic range, the signal polarity reversal between low and high flux pixels, which occurs for a circular region of pixels near the upper edges of the pupil illumination profile, can be rectified to unipolar integration with a two-level non-uniformity correction (NUC). Images corrected real-time with standard non-uniformity correction (NUC) techniques, are still subject to longer-term drifts in pixel offsets between recalibrations. Long-term calibration stability might then be achieved using either a scene-based non-uniformity correction approach, or with periodic repointing for off-source background estimation and subtraction. Either approach requires dithering of the field of view, by sub-pixel amounts for the first method, or by large off-source motions outside the 0.38 milliradian FOV for the latter method. We report on the results of investigations along both these lines. C1 [LeVan, Paul D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Sakoglu, Uenal] Texas A&M Univ Commerce, Comp Sci Dept, 2600 South Neal St, Commerce, TX 75428 USA. RP LeVan, PD (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0339-4; 978-1-5106-0340-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9974 AR UNSP 99740S DI 10.1117/12.2237899 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BG6UH UT WOS:000390844000020 ER PT S AU Ramirez, DA Myers, SA Kuznetsova, Y Mathews, S Schuler-Sandy, T Steenbergen, EH Morath, CP Cowan, VM Krishna, S AF Ramirez, David A. Myers, Stephen A. Kuznetsova, Yuliya Mathews, Sen Schuler-Sandy, Theodore Steenbergen, Elizabeth H. Morath, Christian P. Cowan, Vicent M. Krishna, Sanjay BE LeVan, PD Sood, AK Wijewarnasuriya, P DSouza, AI TI Comparison of MWIR unipolar barrier structures based on strained layer superlattices SO INFRARED SENSORS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications VI CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE C1 [Ramirez, David A.; Myers, Stephen A.; Kuznetsova, Yuliya] SKINfrared LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Mathews, Sen; Schuler-Sandy, Theodore; Krishna, Sanjay] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Steenbergen, Elizabeth H.; Morath, Christian P.; Cowan, Vicent M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ramirez, DA (reprint author), SKINfrared LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0339-4; 978-1-5106-0340-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9974 AR UNSP 99740C DI 10.1117/12.2239723 PG 1 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BG6UH UT WOS:000390844000007 ER PT S AU Wheeler, P Cobb, R Hartsfield, C Prince, B AF Wheeler, Pamela Cobb, Richard Hartsfield, Carl Prince, Benjamin BE LeVan, PD Sood, AK Wijewarnasuriya, P DSouza, AI TI Satellite Propulsion Spectral Signature Detection and Analysis through Hall Effect Thruster Plume and Atmospheric Modeling SO INFRARED SENSORS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications VI CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE near infrared; Hall effect thruster; atmospheric effects; emission spectra; ground-based observations ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; XENON AB Space Situational Awareness (SSA) is of utmost importance in today's congested and contested space environment. Satellites must perform orbital corrections for station keeping, devices like high efficiency electric propulsion systems such as a Hall effect thrusters (HETs) to accomplish this are on the rise. The health of this system is extremely important to ensure the satellite can maintain proper position and perform its intended mission. Electron temperature is a commonly used diagnostic to determine the efficiency of a hall thruster. Recent papers have coordinated near infrared (NIR) spectral measurements of emission lines in xenon and krypton to electron temperature measurements. Ground-based observations of these spectral lines could allow the health of the thruster to be determined while the satellite is in operation. Another issue worth considering is the availability of SSA assets for ground-based observations. The current SSA architecture is limited and task saturated. If smaller telescopes, like those at universities, could successfully detect these signatures they could augment data collection for the SSA network. To facilitate this, precise atmospheric modeling must be used to pull out the signature. Within the atmosphere, the NIR has a higher transmission ratio and typical HET propellants are approximately 3x the intensity in the NIR versus the visible spectrum making it ideal for ground based observations. The proposed research will focus on developing a model to determine xenon and krypton signatures through the atmosphere and estimate the efficacy through ground-based observations. The model will take power modes, orbit geometries, and satellite altitudes into consideration and be correlated with lab and field observations. C1 [Wheeler, Pamela; Cobb, Richard; Hartsfield, Carl] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Prince, Benjamin] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Wheeler, P (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM pamela.wheeler@afit.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0339-4; 978-1-5106-0340-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9974 AR UNSP 99740T DI 10.1117/12.2238021 PG 13 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BG6UH UT WOS:000390844000021 ER PT J AU Heitzenrater, C Simpson, A AF Heitzenrater, Chad Simpson, Andrew GP IEEE TI Misuse, Abuse, and Reuse: Economic utility functions for characterising security requirements SO PROCEEDINGS OF 2016 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AVAILABILITY, RELIABILITY AND SECURITY, (ARES 2016) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES) CY AUG 31-SEP 02, 2016 CL Salzburg, AUSTRIA SP SBA Res, Fachhochcshule Salzburg Univ Appl Sci, Vienna Ulniv Technol, Soc ICT Knowledge Transfer ID INFORMATION SECURITY; SOFTWARE-DEVELOPMENT AB Negative use cases - in the form of 'misuse' or 'abuse' cases - have found a broad following within the security community due to their ability to make explicit the knowledge, assumptions and desires of stakeholders regarding real and perceived threats to systems. As an accepted threat modelling tool, they have become a standard part of many Secure Software Engineering (SSE) processes. Despite this widespread adoption, aspects of the original misuse case concept have yet to receive a formal treatment in the literature. This paper considers the application of economic utility functions within the negative use case development process, as a means of addressing existing challenges. We provide a simple demonstration of how existing practice might integrate economic factors to describe the business, management and functional concerns that surround system security and software development. C1 [Heitzenrater, Chad] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Heitzenrater, Chad; Simpson, Andrew] Univ Oxford, Dept Comp Sci, Wolfson Bldg,Pk Rd, Oxford OX1 3QD, England. RP Heitzenrater, C (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA.; Heitzenrater, C (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Comp Sci, Wolfson Bldg,Pk Rd, Oxford OX1 3QD, England. EM chad.heitzenrater@cs.ox.ac.uk; andrew.simpson@cs.ox.ac.uk NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-0990-9 PY 2016 BP 572 EP 581 DI 10.1109/ARES.2016.90 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG7CL UT WOS:000391214400072 ER PT S AU Hughes, DH Erdmann, RK Nikulin, VV AF Hughes, David H. Erdmann, Reinhard K. Nikulin, Vladimir V. BE Gruneisen, MT Dusek, M Rarity, JG TI Quantum Operations on Entangled Photons Using Lyot Filters SO QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information Science and Technology II CY SEP 26-27, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE quantum operations; entangled photons; Lyot filter AB Lyot filters have been designed for multi-access high capacity wavelength division multiplexing between a communications hub and spatially separated spokes. Reported here are modifications to a basic classical communications Lyot filter stage [1], but using a hyper-entangled bipartite input state possessing non-degenerate frequencies for advanced quantum communications. Lyot filters and pre-shared linking knowledge can be used to better ensure efficiency and efficacy in manifesting entanglement correlations between polarization degrees of freedom in non-rotationally invariant measurement bases. Lyot filters also allow entangled photon routing, a function of entanglement between incident frequencies and polarization. C1 [Hughes, David H.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Erdmann, Reinhard K.] Adv Automat Corp, 201 Mill Rd, Rome, NY 13440 USA. [Nikulin, Vladimir V.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. RP Hughes, DH (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0396-7; 978-1-5106-0397-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9996 AR UNSP 99960H DI 10.1117/12.2241335 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG7IY UT WOS:000391354000008 ER PT S AU Szep, A Kim, R Shin, E Fanto, ML Osman, J Alsing, PM AF Szep, Attila Kim, Richard Shin, Eunsung Fanto, Michael L. Osman, Joseph Alsing, Paul M. BE Gruneisen, MT Dusek, M Rarity, JG TI Polarization entangled cluster state generation in a lithium niobate chip SO QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information Science and Technology II CY SEP 26-27, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE AB We present a design of a quantum information processing C-phase (Controlled-phase) gate applicable for generating cluster states that has a form of integrated photonic circuits assembled with cascaded directional couplers on a Ti in-diffused Lithium Niobate (Ti-LN) platform where directional couplers as the integrated optical analogue of bulk beam splitters are used as fundamental building blocks. Based on experimentally optimized fabrication parameters of Ti-LN optical waveguides operating at an 810nm wavelength, an integrated Ti-LN quantum C-phase gate is designed and simulated. Our proposed C-phase gate consists of three tunable directional couplers cascaded together with having different weighted switching ratios for providing a tool of routing vertically-and horizontally-polarized photons independently. Its operation mechanism relies on selectively controlling the optical coupling of orthogonally polarized modes via the change in the index of refraction, and its operation is confirmed by the BPM simulation. C1 [Szep, Attila; Kim, Richard; Shin, Eunsung] US Air Force, Res Lab, 2241 Avionics Circle, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Fanto, Michael L.; Osman, Joseph; Alsing, Paul M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Kim, R (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, 2241 Avionics Circle, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Richard.kim.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0396-7; 978-1-5106-0397-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9996 AR UNSP 99960G DI 10.1117/12.2240270 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG7IY UT WOS:000391354000007 ER PT J AU Adams, SF Miles, JA Demidov, VI Tolson, BA Hensley, AL AF Adams, Steven F. Miles, Jared A. Demidov, Vladimir I. Tolson, Boyd A. Hensley, Amber L. GP IEEE TI PLASMA ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY IN MICROHOLLOW DISCHARGE WITH INTEGRATED WALL PROBE SO 2016 43RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PLASMA SCIENCE (ICOPS) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS) CY JUN 19-23, 2016 CL Banff, CANADA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Sci & Applicat Comm, IEEE C1 [Adams, Steven F.; Miles, Jared A.; Demidov, Vladimir I.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tolson, Boyd A.; Hensley, Amber L.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RI Demidov, Vladimir/A-4247-2013 OI Demidov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2672-7684 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9601-1 PY 2016 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BG6ZR UT WOS:000391073600306 ER PT J AU Camacho, JF Brown, DJ Ruden, EL Domonkos, MT AF Camacho, J. F. Brown, D. J. Ruden, E. L. Domonkos, M. T. GP IEEE TI EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A LASER-TRIGGERED SPARK-GAP SWITCH SO 2016 43RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PLASMA SCIENCE (ICOPS) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS) CY JUN 19-23, 2016 CL Banff, CANADA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Sci & Applicat Comm, IEEE C1 [Camacho, J. F.; Brown, D. J.] Leidos Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Ruden, E. L.; Domonkos, M. T.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9601-1 PY 2016 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BG6ZR UT WOS:000391073600101 ER PT J AU Degnan, JH Grabowski, C Domonkos, M Ruden, EL Amdahl, DJ Frese, MH Frese, SD Wurden, GA Weber, TE AF Degnan, J. H. Grabowski, C. Domonkos, M. Ruden, E. L. Amdahl, D. J. Frese, M. H. Frese, S. D. Wurden, G. A. Weber, T. E. GP IEEE TI RESULTS FROM COMPRESSION OF FIELD REVERSED CONFIGURATION USING IMPLODING SOLID LINER SO 2016 43RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PLASMA SCIENCE (ICOPS) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS) CY JUN 19-23, 2016 CL Banff, CANADA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Sci & Applicat Comm, IEEE C1 [Degnan, J. H.; Grabowski, C.; Domonkos, M.; Ruden, E. L.; Amdahl, D. J.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Frese, M. H.; Frese, S. D.] NumerEx LLC, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Wurden, G. A.; Weber, T. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9601-1 PY 2016 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BG6ZR UT WOS:000391073600386 ER PT J AU Domonkos, MT Degnan, JH Baker, W Grabowski, TC Turchi, PJ AF Domonkos, Matthew T. Degnan, James H. Baker, William Grabowski, T. Chris Turchi, Peter J. GP IEEE TI SHIVA STAR: PIONEERING MEGAGAUSS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SO 2016 43RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PLASMA SCIENCE (ICOPS) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS) CY JUN 19-23, 2016 CL Banff, CANADA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Sci & Applicat Comm, IEEE C1 [Domonkos, Matthew T.; Degnan, James H.; Baker, William; Grabowski, T. Chris] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9601-1 PY 2016 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BG6ZR UT WOS:000391073600388 ER PT J AU Elle, J Iglesias, E Wahlstrand, J Zahedpour, S Milchberg, H AF Elle, Jennifer Iglesias, Enrique Wahlstrand, Jared Zahedpour, Sina Milchberg, Howard GP IEEE TI Identification of anomalous ionization in an ultrashort pulse laser-generated xenon plasma SO 2016 43RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PLASMA SCIENCE (ICOPS) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS) CY JUN 19-23, 2016 CL Banff, CANADA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Sci & Applicat Comm, IEEE C1 [Elle, Jennifer] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Iglesias, Enrique] Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Fis, Caracas, Venezuela. [Wahlstrand, Jared; Zahedpour, Sina; Milchberg, Howard] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9601-1 PY 2016 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BG6ZR UT WOS:000391073600214 ER PT J AU Englesbe, A Elle, J Lucero, A Poole, K Domonkos, M Schmitt-Sody, A Krushelnick, K AF Englesbe, Alexander Elle, Jennifer Lucero, Adrian Poole, Kaitlin Domonkos, Matt Schmitt-Sody, Andreas Krushelnick, Karl GP IEEE TI RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSES GENERATED BY ULTRAFAST LASER FILAMENTS SO 2016 43RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PLASMA SCIENCE (ICOPS) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS) CY JUN 19-23, 2016 CL Banff, CANADA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Sci & Applicat Comm, IEEE C1 [Englesbe, Alexander; Elle, Jennifer; Lucero, Adrian; Poole, Kaitlin; Domonkos, Matt; Schmitt-Sody, Andreas] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Krushelnick, Karl] Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9601-1 PY 2016 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BG6ZR UT WOS:000391073600372 ER PT J AU Fairchild, SB Lange, MA Back, TC Murray, PT Lockwood, NP Marincel, D AF Fairchild, Steven B. Lange, Mathew A. Back, Tyson C. Murray, Paul T. Lockwood, Nathan P. Marincel, Daniel GP IEEE TI Carbon Nanotube Fiber Array Field Emission Cathodes SO 2016 43RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PLASMA SCIENCE (ICOPS) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS) CY JUN 19-23, 2016 CL Banff, CANADA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Sci & Applicat Comm, IEEE C1 [Fairchild, Steven B.; Lange, Mathew A.; Back, Tyson C.; Murray, Paul T.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lockwood, Nathan P.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Marincel, Daniel] Rice Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Marincel, Daniel] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9601-1 PY 2016 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BG6ZR UT WOS:000391073600122 ER PT J AU Grabowski, C Degnan, JH Domonkos, M Amdahl, D Ruden, EL Wurden, GA Weber, TE AF Grabowski, C. Degnan, J. H. Domonkos, M. Amdahl, D. Ruden, E. L. Wurden, G. A. Weber, T. E. GP IEEE TI THE FIELD-REVERSED CONFIGURATION HEATING EXPERIMENT ON SHIVA STAR SO 2016 43RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PLASMA SCIENCE (ICOPS) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS) CY JUN 19-23, 2016 CL Banff, CANADA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Sci & Applicat Comm, IEEE C1 [Grabowski, C.; Degnan, J. H.; Domonkos, M.; Amdahl, D.; Ruden, E. L.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Wurden, G. A.; Weber, T. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9601-1 PY 2016 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BG6ZR UT WOS:000391073600387 ER PT J AU Hamilton, A Caplinger, J Sotnikov, V AF Hamilton, A. Caplinger, J. Sotnikov, V. GP IEEE TI Experiments and Diagnostics for Investigation of Shock Formation in Colliding Hypersonic Magnetized Plasma Flows SO 2016 43RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PLASMA SCIENCE (ICOPS) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS) CY JUN 19-23, 2016 CL Banff, CANADA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Sci & Applicat Comm, IEEE C1 [Hamilton, A.; Caplinger, J.; Sotnikov, V.] US Air Force, Antenna & Electromagnet Technol Branch, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9601-1 PY 2016 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BG6ZR UT WOS:000391073600212 ER PT J AU Jordan, NM Greening, GB Exelby, SC Gilgenbach, RM Hoff, BW Maestas, SS AF Jordan, Nicholas M. Greening, Geoffrey B. Exelby, Steven C. Gilgenbach, Ronald M. Hoff, Brad W. Maestas, Sabrina S. GP IEEE TI ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED STRUCTURES FOR HIGH POWER MICROWAVE DEVICES SO 2016 43RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PLASMA SCIENCE (ICOPS) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS) CY JUN 19-23, 2016 CL Banff, CANADA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Sci & Applicat Comm, IEEE C1 [Jordan, Nicholas M.; Greening, Geoffrey B.; Exelby, Steven C.; Gilgenbach, Ronald M.] Univ Michigan, Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci Dept, Plasma Phys Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hoff, Brad W.; Maestas, Sabrina S.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, High Power Electromagnet Div, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9601-1 PY 2016 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BG6ZR UT WOS:000391073600016 ER PT J AU Lockwood, NP Pitz, GA Fairchild, SB Lange, MA AF Lockwood, Nathaniel P. Pitz, Greg A. Fairchild, Steven B. Lange, Matthew A. GP IEEE TI FIELD EMISSION EXCITATION OF A HIGH PRESSURE NOBLE GAS SO 2016 43RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PLASMA SCIENCE (ICOPS) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS) CY JUN 19-23, 2016 CL Banff, CANADA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Sci & Applicat Comm, IEEE C1 [Lockwood, Nathaniel P.; Pitz, Greg A.; Fairchild, Steven B.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Lange, Matthew A.] XLScientific, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9601-1 PY 2016 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BG6ZR UT WOS:000391073600445 ER PT J AU Murray, PT Fairchild, SB Back, TC Gortat, D Sparkes, M Gruen, GJ Lockwood, NP AF Murray, P. T. Fairchild, S. B. Back, T. C. Gortat, D. Sparkes, M. Gruen, G. J. Lockwood, N. P. GP IEEE TI LASER SURFACE MELTING OF STAINLESS STEEL ANODES FOR REDUCED HYDROGEN OUTGASSING SO 2016 43RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PLASMA SCIENCE (ICOPS) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS) CY JUN 19-23, 2016 CL Banff, CANADA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Sci & Applicat Comm, IEEE C1 [Murray, P. T.; Back, T. C.; Gruen, G. J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Fairchild, S. B.; Sparkes, M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gortat, D.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Mfg, Cambridge CB3 0FS, England. [Lockwood, N. P.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9601-1 PY 2016 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BG6ZR UT WOS:000391073600128 ER PT J AU Schmitt-Sody, A Elle, JA Domonkos, MT Luccro, A Ting, AC Hasson, V AF Schmitt-Sody, Andreas Elle, Jennifer A. Domonkos, Matthew T. Luccro, Adrian Ting, Antonio C. Hasson, Victor GP IEEE TI Laser plasmas from picosecond laser filamentation in the atmosphere and its application on guided high voltage discharges SO 2016 43RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PLASMA SCIENCE (ICOPS) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS) CY JUN 19-23, 2016 CL Banff, CANADA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Sci & Applicat Comm, IEEE C1 [Schmitt-Sody, Andreas; Elle, Jennifer A.; Domonkos, Matthew T.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Luccro, Adrian] Boeing DES, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Ting, Antonio C.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Hasson, Victor] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9601-1 PY 2016 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BG6ZR UT WOS:000391073600163 ER PT J AU Tang, W Shiffler, D LaCour, M Golby, K Knowles, T AF Tang, W. Shiffler, D. LaCour, M. Golby, K. Knowles, T. GP IEEE TI Study of the Electric Field Screening Effect on Low Number of Carbon Fiber Field Emitters SO 2016 43RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PLASMA SCIENCE (ICOPS) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS) CY JUN 19-23, 2016 CL Banff, CANADA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Plasma Sci & Applicat Comm, IEEE C1 [Tang, W.; Shiffler, D.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [LaCour, M.; Golby, K.] SAIC Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Knowles, T.] Energy Sci Labs Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9601-1 PY 2016 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BG6ZR UT WOS:000391073600116 ER PT S AU Carbino, TJ Temple, MA Lopez, J AF Carbino, Timothy J. Temple, Michael A. Lopez, Juan, Jr. GP IEEE TI Conditional Constellation Based-Distinct Native Attribute (CB-DNA) Fingerprinting for Network Device Authentication SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (ICC) SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) CY MAY 22-27, 2016 CL Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA SP IEEE AB Hackers have multiple avenues for accessing Industrial Control System (ICS) and can adversely impact network hardware, operating systems, and executables. This includes attacking hardware/software switches commonly used in waste water, water treatment, and power substation facilities. Unauthorized network intrusion can be mitigated by augmenting Media Access Control (MAC) based device identity (ID) verification processes using Physical-Layer (PHY) features. PHY augmentation is addressed here using Constellation Based Distinct Native Attribute (CB-DNA) features derived from unintentional Ethernet cable emissions. Collected emission symbols are mapped to a gradient-based binary constellation space where, for the first time, conditional constellation symbol features are used for device ID verification. Serial number discrimination is assessed using 16 devices from 4 different manufactures, with 12 serving as authorized devices and 4 (one from each manufacturer) serving as attacking rogue devices. Collectively considering 12,288 rogue attack scenarios using 256 verification models, the proposed CBDNA method is promising and yielded average Rogue Reject Rates (RRR) of 85.2%< RRR< 93.1% at SNR >= 26.0 dB using two network access criteria. C1 [Carbino, Timothy J.; Temple, Michael A.; Lopez, Juan, Jr.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Carbino, TJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.carbino@afit.edu; michael.temple@afit.edu; juan.lopez.ctr@afit.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4799-6664-6 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2016 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG6YK UT WOS:000390993205057 ER PT S AU Casbeer, DW Garcia, E Pachter, M AF Casbeer, David W. Garcia, Eloy Pachter, Meir GP IEEE TI The Target Differential Game with Two Defenders SO 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (ICUAS) SE International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS) CY JUN 07-10, 2016 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE CSS, MCA ID ACTIVE AIRCRAFT PROTECTION; COOPERATIVE STRATEGIES; HOMING MISSILE; GUIDANCE; PURSUIT; DEFENSE; LINE AB A cooperative aircraft differential game where an Attacker missile pursues a Target aircraft is addressed. The Target aircraft cooperates with up to two Defender missiles which are launched in order to intercept the Attacker before the latter reaches the Target. The results in this paper build on the solution of a three agent differential game, where the three players are the Target, the Attacker, and one Defender; in this paper, the benefits of firing a second Defender are considered. By using the solution of the one-Defender problem, it is possible to address a seemingly intractable problem, where the Target needs to decide which Defender to cooperate with, in addition to obtaining the optimal headings of every player in the game. We consider the case of a static Target and the case of a dynamic Target. For both cases, given the initial positions of the players, we solve the problem of determining if a second Defender improves the Target/Defender(s) payoff and we also provide the optimal strategies for each one of the agents involved in this differential game. C1 [Casbeer, David W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Garcia, Eloy] Infoscitex Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Pachter, Meir] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Casbeer, DW (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.casbeer@us.af.mil; elgarcia@infoscitex.com; meir.pachter@afit.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2373-6720 BN 978-1-4673-9333-1 J9 INT CONF UNMAN AIRCR PY 2016 BP 202 EP 210 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BG6WU UT WOS:000390883100025 ER PT S AU Munishkin, AA Milutinovic, D Casbeer, DW AF Munishkin, Alexey A. Milutinovic, Dejan Casbeer, David W. GP IEEE TI Stochastic Optimal Control Navigation with the Avoidance of Unsafe Configurations SO 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (ICUAS) SE International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS) CY JUN 07-10, 2016 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE CSS, MCA ID GAMES AB Long-time planning horizons are required to safely navigate one vehicle in the presence of another, possibly non-cooperative vehicle. They give rise to computational issues preventing the real-time implementation of safe navigation algorithms. In this paper, we consider two nonholonomic vehicles, of which one (blue) has the goal to enter the "tail" of the other (red). Neither the goal nor the navigation strategy of the red vehicle is known by the blue vehicle. To anticipate this uncertainty, the blue vehicle uses infinite horizon stochastic optimal control. Using the stochastic optimal control and backward Kolmogorov equation, the blue is navigated to avoid unsafe configurations from which the red can enter the "tail" of the blue and gain advantage over it. Our results are illustrated by numerical simulations and the feasibility of the control for the real-time implementation is tested with small-scale robot experiments. C1 [Munishkin, Alexey A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Milutinovic, Dejan] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Comp Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Casbeer, David W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Munishkin, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2373-6720 BN 978-1-4673-9333-1 J9 INT CONF UNMAN AIRCR PY 2016 BP 211 EP 218 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BG6WU UT WOS:000390883100026 ER PT S AU Manyam, S Rathinam, S Casbeer, D AF Manyam, Satyanarayana Rathinam, Sivakumar Casbeer, David GP IEEE TI Dubins Paths Through a Sequence of Points: Lower and Upper Bounds SO 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (ICUAS) SE International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS) CY JUN 07-10, 2016 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE CSS, MCA ID SHORTEST PATHS; CURVATURE; OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHM AB This article addresses an important path planning problem for robots and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) which aims to find a shortest path of bounded curvature passing through a given sequence of target points on a ground plane. Currently, there is no algorithm that can compute an optimal solution to this problem. Therefore, tight lower bounds are vital in determining the quality of any feasible solution to this problem. Novel tight lower bounding algorithms are presented in this article by relaxing some of the heading angle constraints at the target points. The proposed approach requires us to solve variants of an optimization problem called the Dubins interval problem between two points where the heading angles at the points are constrained to be within a specified interval. These variants can be solved using tools from optimal control theory. Specifically, two lower bounding algorithms are presented in this article using this approach and these bounds are then compared with the existing results in the literature. Computational results are also presented to corroborate the performance of the proposed algorithms. C1 [Manyam, Satyanarayana; Casbeer, David] US Air Force, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Rathinam, Sivakumar] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Manyam, S (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2373-6720 BN 978-1-4673-9333-1 J9 INT CONF UNMAN AIRCR PY 2016 BP 284 EP 291 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BG6WU UT WOS:000390883100035 ER PT S AU Avram, RC Zhang, XD Muse, J Clark, M AF Avram, Remus C. Zhang, Xiaodong Muse, Jonathan Clark, Matthew GP IEEE TI Nonlinear Adaptive Control Design and Controller Integrity Monitoring for Quadrotor UAVs SO 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (ICUAS) SE International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS) CY JUN 07-10, 2016 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE CSS, MCA AB This paper presents a nonlinear adaptive fault-tolerant control algorithm for accommodating actuator faults in quadrotor UAVs and an online controller integrity method for assuring safety of adaptive control system in the presence of controller software faults. The actuator faults considered in this paper are modeled as partial losses of effectiveness in one of the rotors. Using adaptive backstepping techniques, a nonlinear indirect adaptive controller is designed for the quadrotor altitude and attitude system. The adaptive control algorithm guarantees closed-loop system stability and asymptotic tracking performance even in the presence of actuator faults. However, the occurrence of faults in the embedded adaptive control software may lead to unstable adaptation behaviors and malfunctions of the control algorithm. Based on Lyapunov stability criterion, an online controller integrity monitoring method is developed to detect such controller software faults. Adaptive thresholds for software fault detection are derived, ensuring the robustness with respect to fault parameter approximation error. The proposed adaptive controller and the controller integrity monitoring algorithm are implemented and evaluated using a real-time indoor quadrotor test environment. C1 [Avram, Remus C.; Zhang, Xiaodong] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Muse, Jonathan; Clark, Matthew] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Avram, RC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM avram.3@wright.edu; xiaodong.zhang@wright.edu; jonathan.muse.2@us.af.mil; matthew.clark.20@us.af.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2373-6720 BN 978-1-4673-9333-1 J9 INT CONF UNMAN AIRCR PY 2016 BP 301 EP 309 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BG6WU UT WOS:000390883100037 ER PT S AU Koch, DP McLain, TW Brink, KM AF Koch, Daniel P. McLain, Timothy W. Brink, Kevin M. GP IEEE TI Multi-Sensor Robust Relative Estimation Framework for GPS-Denied Multirotor Aircraft SO 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (ICUAS) SE International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS) CY JUN 07-10, 2016 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE CSS, MCA AB An estimation framework is presented that improves the robustness of GPS-denied state estimation to changing environmental conditions by fusing updates from multiple view-based odometry algorithms. This allows the vehicle to utilize a suite of complementary exteroceptive sensors or sensing modalities. By estimating the vehicle states relative to a local coordinate frame collocated with an odometry keyframe, observability of the relative state is maintained. A description of the general framework is given, as well as the specific equations for a multiplicative extended Kalman filter with a multirotor vehicle. Experimental results are presented that demonstrate the ability of the proposed algorithm to produce accurate and consistent estimates in challenging environments that cause a single-sensor solution to fail. C1 [Koch, Daniel P.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [McLain, Timothy W.] Brigham Young Univ, Fac Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Brink, Kevin M.] Air Force Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Koch, DP (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM daniel.koch@byu.edu; mclain@byu.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2373-6720 BN 978-1-4673-9333-1 J9 INT CONF UNMAN AIRCR PY 2016 BP 589 EP 597 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BG6WU UT WOS:000390883100072 ER PT S AU Grymin, DJ Farhood, M AF Grymin, David J. Farhood, Mazen GP IEEE TI Longitudinal Model Identification of a Small Fixed-Wing UAV Using Motion Capture Data SO 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (ICUAS) SE International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS) CY JUN 07-10, 2016 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE CSS, MCA ID AIRCRAFT; COEFFICIENTS; TRACKING AB Time-domain aircraft system identification is applied to flight test data obtained using a motion capture system. Longitudinal aerodynamic force and moment time histories are obtained using the estimation-before-modeling approach, in which forces and moments are modeled as Gauss-Markov processes and estimated concurrently with the aircraft state histories using an extended Kalman filter. Quasi-steady aerodynamic models are then developed to capture the variation in the longitudinal aerodynamic coefficients observed during tests. Three model formulations are investigated: a simple stability and control derivative model, a model utilizing spline functions of the independent variables to capture variation over a large envelope, and a global polynomial model. Despite the large flight envelope and large amplitude pitching motions observed, all three quasi-steady model formulations are able to capture the aerodynamic behavior reasonably well. Comparison of the models via simulation of the aircraft dynamics indicates that the global polynomial model is superior to the other models in capturing the aerodynamic behavior of the system. C1 [Grymin, David J.] US Air Force, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45434 USA. [Farhood, Mazen] Virginia Tech, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Grymin, DJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45434 USA. EM david.grymin.1@us.af.mil; farhood@vt.edu NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2373-6720 BN 978-1-4673-9333-1 J9 INT CONF UNMAN AIRCR PY 2016 BP 742 EP 751 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BG6WU UT WOS:000390883100091 ER PT S AU Letendre, CLA AF Letendre, Colonel Line A. GP IEEE TI Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems: Translating Legal Jargon For Engineers SO 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (ICUAS) SE International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS) CY JUN 07-10, 2016 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE CSS, MCA AB This article provides an overview of international law governing the use of autonomous weapon systems (AWS) in an armed conflict. Using the lens of autonomous systems, the article introduces basic international humanitarian law concepts, explains the legal framework behind what makes a weapon legal, and discusses the legal parameters surrounding employment of weapon systems. It also suggests a number of questions that engineers should ask attorneys during the design process in order to design autonomous systems that comply with the laws of armed conflict. C1 [Letendre, Colonel Line A.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Law, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Letendre, CLA (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Law, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM linell.letendre@usafa.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2373-6720 BN 978-1-4673-9333-1 J9 INT CONF UNMAN AIRCR PY 2016 BP 795 EP 800 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BG6WU UT WOS:000390883100098 ER PT S AU Zoldi, DMK Speirs, GR Reith, PS AF Zoldi, Dawn M. K. Speirs, Gregory R. Reith, Peter S. GP IEEE TI Countering the Small Unmanned Aircraft System (SUAS) Threat in the United States Homeland: Technological and Legal Challenges SO 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (ICUAS) SE International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS) CY JUN 07-10, 2016 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE CSS, MCA C1 [Zoldi, Dawn M. K.; Speirs, Gregory R.; Reith, Peter S.] US Air Force, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Zoldi, DMK (reprint author), US Air Force, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM dawn.zoldi@us.af.mil; gregory.speirs.1@us.af.mil; peter.reith.1@us.af.mil NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2373-6720 BN 978-1-4673-9333-1 J9 INT CONF UNMAN AIRCR PY 2016 BP 820 EP 829 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BG6WU UT WOS:000390883100101 ER PT S AU Ashokkumar, CR York, GWP Gruber, SF AF Ashokkumar, Chimpalthradi R. York, George W. P. Gruber, Scott F. GP IEEE TI Fault Tolerant Margins of an UAV at Uncertain Environment SO 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (ICUAS) SE International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS) CY JUN 07-10, 2016 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE CSS, MCA ID FLIGHT CONTROL; PARAMETRIC STABILITY; NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; ROBUST STABILITY; LINEAR-CONTROL; AIRCRAFT; DESIGN AB In fault tolerant control, the damaged and healthy states of a sensor output or a control input are captured by using an uncertain parameter. For instance, the control input u(t) resulting from an actuator is modeled sigma u(t) and the healthy and damaged conditions are inferred from a which takes the values sigma=1 and sigma in [0, 1), respectively [1-3]. Given a stabilizing controller, a range of sigma-values in the interval [0,1) for which the closed loop system would remain stable is referred as the fault tolerant margin. In this paper, several of these margins are presented when aerodynamic parameter variations due to an uncertain atmospheric condition in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are present. It is shown that the fault tolerant margins are extremely sensitive to these parameter perturbations. Some perturbation locations can significantly reduce the stable range for parameter values as well as for the fault tolerant margins. An UAV model is considered to illustrate the fault tolerant margins and admissible parameter variations. Secondly, the algorithm applied to compute the fault tolerant margins is used to solve the examples of Professor Ross B Barmish et al [29] and hence the exact stability margins for a two parameter system are illustrated. However, when the number of parameters increases, the algorithm becomes computationally intensive. C1 [Ashokkumar, Chimpalthradi R.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [York, George W. P.; Gruber, Scott F.] US Air Force Acad, Ctr Unmanned Aircraft Syst Res, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ashokkumar, CR (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM chimpalthradi@gmail.com; george.york@usafa.edu; Scott.Gruber.ctr@usafa.edu NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2373-6720 BN 978-1-4673-9333-1 J9 INT CONF UNMAN AIRCR PY 2016 BP 1273 EP 1279 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BG6WU UT WOS:000390883100158 ER PT S AU Rasmussen, S Kalyanam, K Kingston, D AF Rasmussen, Steven Kalyanam, Krishnamoorthy Kingston, Derek GP IEEE TI Field Experiment of a Fully Autonomous Multiple UAV/UGS Intruder Detection and Monitoring System SO 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (ICUAS) SE International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS) CY JUN 07-10, 2016 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE CSS, MCA AB This document describes the motivation, theoretical description, development, and field test of a system utilizing multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)s that cooperate with each other, using Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS), to monitor an area, detect intruder vehicles, capture imagery of the intruders, and deliver that imagery to the home base. Since the UAVs have no sensors/perception algorithms that they can use to detect the intruder, they rely on off-board sensors, the UGS, to do this. The experiment was conducted in a realistic environment and during the experiment, the UAVs made all decisions and took all actions without human intervention. C1 [Rasmussen, Steven] Air Force Res Lab, Miami Valley Aerosp LLC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kalyanam, Krishnamoorthy] Air Force Res Lab, InfoSciTex Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Kingston, Derek] US Air Force, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Rasmussen, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Miami Valley Aerosp LLC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Steve.Rasmussen@MVAero.com; krishnak@ucla.edu; derek.kingston@us.af.mil NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2373-6720 BN 978-1-4673-9333-1 J9 INT CONF UNMAN AIRCR PY 2016 BP 1293 EP 1302 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BG6WU UT WOS:000390883100161 ER PT J AU Gabert, S Jackson, JA Kappedal, R AF Gabert, Scott Jackson, Julie Ann Kappedal, Ryan GP IEEE TI Estimating PDFs in Heterogeneous Radar Clutter SO 2016 USNC-URSI RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (JOINT WITH AP-S SYMPOSIUM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation / USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL IEEE Reg 9, Fajardo, PR SP USNC, URSI, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc HO IEEE Reg 9 AB Real-world radar resolution cells often contain several terrain types, such that the observed normalized radar cross section of a given clutter cell is an aggregate response from the underlying terrains. These heterogeneous resolution cells create an ill-posed inverse problem in estimating the scattering phenomenology from each terrain type. Assuming the terrain composition of each cell is known (e.g. through Land Use Land Cover maps) and adopting a linear mixing model, we formulate a well-posed but numerically challenging inverse problem. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique known as Metropolis Hasting is successfully implemented to extract the underlying Gamma clutter distribution parameters of each terrain type from the heterogeneous clutter cells. C1 [Gabert, Scott] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jackson, Julie Ann] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Kappedal, Ryan] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Gabert, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM scott.gabert.1@us.af.mil; julie.jackson.4@us.af.mil; ryan.kappedal@us.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2852-8 PY 2016 BP 97 EP 98 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG6YL UT WOS:000390996200048 ER EF