FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Militello, A Kraus, NC AF Militello, A Kraus, NC BE Spaulding, ML Blumberg, AF TI Numerical simulation of hydrodynamics for proposed inlet, East Matagorda Bay, Texas SO ESTUARINE AND COASTAL MODELING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling CY OCT 22-24, 1997 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA AB A new inlet to East Matagorda Bay, Texas, called the Southwest Corner Cut (SW Cut), has been proposed as an environmental enhancement. East Matagorda Bay is a large, shallow estuary acted upon by strong seasonal winds and by weather fronts in the fall and winter. A two-dimensional depth-averaged hydrodynamic model was applied to investigate the consequence of the presence of the SW Cut on the existing inlet, Mitchell's Cut, and on navigation safety in the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (GIWW). This paper discusses the dynamic wind-generated motions measured in East Matagorda Bay as par? of this study, calibration of the model over 30 days covering passage of several winter fronts, and predicted engineering consequences of opening the SW Cut. With the SW Cut in place, hydrodynamic conditions at Mitchell's Cut are predicted not to change, so that its natural stability will not be compromised. Also, a significant benefit will result through a predicted 25% decrease of peak current in a dangerous section of the GIWW due to flow captured by the SW Cut. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Militello, A (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0350-3 PY 1998 BP 805 EP 818 PG 14 WC Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BP58L UT WOS:000085572100057 ER PT B AU Vemulakonda, SR Scheffner, NW Mark, DJ Brown, ME AF Vemulakonda, SR Scheffner, NW Mark, DJ Brown, ME BE Spaulding, ML Blumberg, AF TI Stage-frequency estimates for the Louisiana coast SO ESTUARINE AND COASTAL MODELING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling CY OCT 22-24, 1997 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA AB This paper reports on the development of stage-frequency relationships (under storm conditions) for Lake Pontchartrain and the coast of Louisiana. Be tropical and extratropical storms were considered. Th hydrodynamic model ADCIRC-2DDI was used for the study. It was calibrated for Hurricane Betsy and verified for Hurricane Andrew. There was excellent agreement with observed surges at several gages. The model was next used to compute surges for a set of 19 tropical and 11 extratropical storms. Results were used in a statistical procedure, called the Empirical Simulation Technique, to compute stage-frequency relationships at several project locations. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Vemulakonda, SR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0350-3 PY 1998 BP 819 EP 833 PG 15 WC Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BP58L UT WOS:000085572100058 ER PT J AU Park, OC AF Park, OC TI Visual displays and contextual presentations in computer-based instruction SO ETR&D-EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS; TRAINING STRATEGIES; DESIGN; ANIMATION; WORDS; COGNITION; GRAPHICS; PICTURES; LESSON; MODEL AB The effects of two instructional strategies, visual display and contextual presentation, were investigated in the acquisition of electronic troubleshooting skills using computer-based instruction. Three types of visual displays (animation, static graphics with motion cues, and static graphics without motion cues) were used to represent structures and functions of electronic circuits and troubleshooting procedures. The first hypothesis was that animation would be more effective than static graphics, but that static graphics with adequate motional cues representing the dynamic aspects of the task would accomplish results similar to animation. Results supported this hypothesis. The second hypothesis was that context-dependent instruction would be more efficient than context-independent instruction for solving problems in similar contexts, but that context independent instruction would be more effective in solving problems encountered in different contexts. The results supported this hypothesis. A general conclusion of this study is that the use of visual visual displays and contextual presentation should be based on the learning requirements of the task and the expected roles of the strategy in the learning. C1 USA, Inst Res, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC EDUC COMMUNICATIONS & TECHNOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1025 VERMONT AVE NW, SUITE 820, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1042-1629 J9 ETR&D-EDUC TECH RES JI ETR&D-Educ. Tech. Res. Dev. PY 1998 VL 46 IS 3 BP 37 EP 50 DI 10.1007/BF02299760 PG 14 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 126ND UT WOS:000076299200003 ER PT J AU Nindl, BC Sharp, MA Mello, RP Rice, VJ Murphy, MM Patton, JF AF Nindl, BC Sharp, MA Mello, RP Rice, VJ Murphy, MM Patton, JF TI Gender comparison of peak oxygen uptake: repetitive box lifting versus treadmill running SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular responses; oxygen uptake; ventilation; maximal exercise; manual materials handling ID UPPER-BODY; EXERCISE; MEN; ARM; RESPONSES; ERGOMETRY; TASKS; WOMEN; WORK; LEG AB The gender differences in peak oxygen uptake ((V) over dot O-2peak) for various modes of exercise have been examined previously; however, no direct gender comparisons have been made during repetitive lifting (RL). In the present study the (V) over dot O-2peak between RL and treadmill running (TR) was compared between 20 men [mean (SD) age, height, body mass and body fat: 21 (3) years, 1.79 (0.06) m; 81 (9) kg, 19 (6)%, respectively] and 20 women [mean (SD) age, height, body mass and body fat: 21 (3) years, 1.63 (0.05) m, 60 (7) kg, 27 (6)%, respectively]. (V) over dot O-2peak (1 . min(-1)), defined as the highest value obtained during exercise to volitional fatigue, was determined using discontinuous protocols with treadmill grade or box mass incremented to increase exercise intensity. For RL (V) over dot O-2peak, a pneumatically driven shelf was used to lower a loaded box to the floor, and subjects then lifted the box, at a rate of 15 lifts . min(-1) . (V) over dot O-2peak (1 . min(-1) and ml . kg(-1) . min(-1)) and minute ventilation ((V) over dot (E) 1 . min(-1)) were determined using an on-line gas analysis system. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant gender effects, with men having higher values for (V) over dot O-2peak (1 . min(-1) and ml . kg(-1) . min(-1)) and (V) over dot (E), but women having higher values of the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen ((V) over dot (E)/(V) over dot O-2). There were also mode of exercise effects, with TR values being higher for (V) over dot O-2peak (1 . min(-1) and ml . kg(-1) . min(-1)) and (V) over dot (E) and an interaction effect for (V) over dot O-2peak {1 . min(-1) and ml . kg(-1) . min(-1)) and (V) over dot (E)/(V) over dot O-2. The women obtained a greater percentage (approximate to 84%) of their TR (V) over dot O-2peak during RL than did the men (approximate to 79%). There was a marginal tendency for women to decrease and men to increase their (V) over dot (E)/(V) over dot O-2 when comparing TR with RL. The magnitude of the gender differences between the two exercise modalities appeared to be similar for heart rate, (V) over dot (E) and R, but differed for (V) over dot O-2peak (1 . min(-1) and ml . kg(-1) . min(-1)). Lifting to an absolute height (1.32 m for the RL protocol) may present a different physical challenge to men and women with respect to the degree of involvement of the muscle groups used during lifting and ventilation. C1 Penn State Univ, Lab Sports Med, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. USA, Inst Environm Med, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Nindl, BC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Lab Sports Med, 121 Rec Bldg, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0301-5548 J9 EUR J APPL PHYSIOL O JI Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 77 IS 1-2 BP 112 EP 117 PG 6 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA YL931 UT WOS:000071009500017 PM 9459530 ER PT J AU Stewart, DD Stasser, G AF Stewart, DD Stasser, G TI The sampling of critical, unshared information in decision-making groups: the role of an informed minority SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIDDEN PROFILES; DISCOVERY; EXCHANGE AB A collective information sampling model and observations of discussion content suggest that decision-making groups often fail to disseminate unshared information. This paper examines the role that a fully-informed minority may play in facilitating the sampling and consideration of unshared information. University students read a mystery and then met in four-person groups to discuss the case. When critical clues were unshared among three members before discussion, a fully informed fourth member (informed minority) promoted the discussion of these critical clues when participants thought the mystery had a demonstrably correct answer (solve set) but not when they thought the clue may have been insufficient to solve definitively the case (judge set). None the less, under both salve and judge sets, the informed minority increased the likelihood that the group would identify the correct suspect. Social combination, information sampling, and minority influence interpretations of the results are discussed. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership MADN L, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Stewart, DD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership MADN L, Bldg 601,Rm 281, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 28 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0046-2772 J9 EUR J SOC PSYCHOL JI Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 28 IS 1 BP 95 EP 113 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199801/02)28:1<95::AID-EJSP847>3.0.CO;2-0 PG 19 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA YY082 UT WOS:000072110400006 ER PT J AU Parisi, SB Mogel, GT Dominguez, R Dao, H Cramer, TJ AF Parisi, SB Mogel, GT Dominguez, R Dao, H Cramer, TJ TI The effect of 10 : 1 compression and soft copy interpretation on the chest radiographs of premature neonates with reference to their possible application in teleradiology SO EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PACS (picture archiving and communication system); lossless and lossy compression ID OBSERVER PERFORMANCE; DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY; IMAGES; SYSTEM; ROC AB The aim of the study was to assess the potential application of teleradiology in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) by ascertaining whether any decrease in conspicuity of anatomic detail or interventional devices in the chest radiographs of premature infants is caused by picture archiving and communication system (PACS)-based soft copy interpretation of 10 : 1 compressed images. One hundred digital chest radiographs of low-birthweight infants were obtained in the NICU using a storage phosphor system. Laser-printed images were interpreted and the data set for each radiograph was then irreversibly compressed by a 10 : 1 ratio, Four radiologists with extensive PACs experience used a five-point grading system to score laser-printed hard copy images for the visibility of six parameters of anatomic landmarks and interventional devices in the chest. Compressed soft copy images displayed on 2K PACS workstation were subsequently scored using the same approach. Statistical manipulation demonstrated no loss of anatomic detail in five of the six parameters scored, with minimal difference in one landmark, the retrocardiac lung assessment. While further study is require to assess the clinical impact of the variance noted when evaluating lung parameters, the preservation or improvement of information in the remaining parameters following irreversible compression and soft copy interpretation is promising for the potential use of teleradiology in this population. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. RP Parisi, SB (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-7994 J9 EUR RADIOL JI Eur. Radiol. PY 1998 VL 8 IS 1 BP 141 EP 143 DI 10.1007/s003300050355 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YX697 UT WOS:000072067700028 PM 9442147 ER PT S AU Lewis, SF Fulco, CS AF Lewis, SF Fulco, CS BE Holloszy, JO TI A new approach to studying muscle fatigue and factors affecting performance during dynamic exercise in humans SO EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCES REVIEWS, VOLUME 28, 1998 SE EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCES REVIEWS/SERIES LA English DT Review ID HUMAN QUADRICEPS MUSCLE; ADDUCTOR POLLICIS MUSCLE; KNEE EXTENSOR MUSCLES; VOLUNTARY CONTRACTIONS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS; BLOOD-FLOW; INTRAMUSCULAR PRESSURE; PROLONGED EXERCISE; FIBER COMPOSITION C1 Boston Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Lewis, SF (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 112 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0091-6331 BN 0-683-18346-X J9 EXERCISE SPORT SCI R PY 1998 VL 26 BP 91 EP 116 PG 26 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA BL03Z UT WOS:000074109600004 PM 9696986 ER PT B AU Rupert, NL Grace, FI AF Rupert, NL Grace, FI BE Allison, IM TI An approach to the penetration of ceramics SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS, VOLS 1 AND 2: ADVANCES IN DESIGN, TESTING AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Experimental Mechanics CY AUG 24-28, 1998 CL UNIV OXFORD, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP AEA Technol plc, British Aerosp Airbus Ltd, Dartec Ltd, Magnox Elect plc, SoMat Syst UK Ltd, ICI, Pilkington Plc, Measurements Grp UK Ltd, AIAS, Italy, BSSM, UK, CSME, Canada, GESA, Germany, I Mech E, UK, IMEKO Int, JSME, Japan, SEM, US HO UNIV OXFORD AB This paper describes an extension to a previous penetration analysis by Grace and Rupert that identified a dynamic effect mechanism for both metallic and ceramic applique targets. The previous analysis used titanium/rolled homogeneous armor (Ti/RHA), RHA/Ti, and alumina/RHA targets to demonstrate that evaluation of materials using depth of penetration (DOP) testing should take into account physical phenomena regarding material damage to include shock-induced transient and wave reflections from target interfaces. In the current study, titanium diboride/RHA (TIB2/RHA) and TiB2/Ti bi-element targets are used to further examine isolation of time-dependent strength effects in ceramic DOP responses and explore a possible approach for normalizing ceramic ballistic data. Particular materials selected allowed sets of density-matched and strength-matched bi-element target combinations to be considered. Experimental data are presented together with an analysis that isolates time-dependent strength effects from other penetration phenomena within these materials. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM TA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Rupert, NL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM TA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-014-0 PY 1998 BP 915 EP 920 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BL71U UT WOS:000076427000139 ER PT S AU Underwood, JH Audino, MJ AF Underwood, JH Audino, MJ BE Marquis, G Solin, J TI Effects of initial cracks and firing environment on cannon fatigue life SO FATIGUE DESIGN 1998, VOL II SE VTT SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fatigue Design 1998 Symposium CY MAY 26-29, 1998 CL ESPOO, FINLAND SP VTT Manufacturing Technol DE fatigue crack growth; cannon; fracture mechanics; residual stress; pressure vessels; high strength steels; stress - life curves; heat-affected crack growth AB A case-study description is given of laboratory fatigue life tests of a US Army 155 mm inner diameter cannon tube, performed in the early 1990s. Measured fatigue lives and results from stress and fracture mechanics analyses are used to determine the effects of service conditions on the safe fatigue life of the cannon tube. Fatigue failure in the laboratory tests occurred at nearly the same number of load cycles at the tube inner diameter and at a notch on the tube outer diameter, so the different effects on life at the two locations are considered. The description of the life test results and the related mechanics analyses include: measured initial crack sizes for different firing environment and analysis of the effect of initial crack size on life; solid mechanics calculations of local applied and residual stresses at the locations of fatigue crack growth; fracture mechanics assessment of fatigue life including effects of initial crack size, applied firing stresses, residual overstrain stresses, and stress concentrations; a log normal statistical analysis of safe fatigue life for various combinations of test results. The tests and analyses, combined with other related work, show that [i] the use of fatigue intensity factor in a stress - life plot gives a consistent description of fatigue life over a broad range of test variables, including cylinder configuration, initial crack size, applied and residual loading, and material yield strength; [ii] the fatigue intensity factor method can be used to differentiate between fatigue scatter and abnormal fatigue life behavior and to focus on the cause of the abnormal behavior; [iii] a larger than expected initial crack size of 0.05 mm was identified by metallography and found to be the cause of a significant decrease in calculated log-normal safe fatigue life. C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Underwood, JH (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE FINLAND PI ESPOO PA INFORMATION SERVICE, PO BOX 2000, FIN-02044 VT ESPOO, FINLAND SN 0357-9387 BN 951-38-4575-3 J9 VTT SYMP PY 1998 VL 182 BP 491 EP 500 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL29V UT WOS:000075029900013 ER PT J AU Miles, B Cortes, J AF Miles, B Cortes, J TI Subsurface heavy-metal detection with the use of a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) penetrometer system SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS); heavy metals; site screening; cone penetrometer; site characterization and analysis penetrometer system (SCAPS) ID ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; PLASMA; SPECTROMETRY; DROPLETS; AEROSOLS AB U.S. Army Engineer waterways Experiment Station (WES) investigators have designed, fabricated, and demonstrated a cone penetrometer sensor for subsurface in situ field screening based on LIBS. The LIBS probe (patent pending) presented here is one of a suite of contaminant and geophysical probes developed by the WES Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS) program. The LIBS probe includes a laser as part of the optical LIBS sensor section for metals analysis and a cone and sleeve soil classification module at its tip. Soil classification data are acquired during the push, while LIBS data are recorded during probe retraction, after shedding a sacrificial sleeve. Optical design concerns are discussed including the recessed window geometry to avoid output window damage and associated problems. Calibration, peak identification and peak confidence software are discussed. Although producing lower signal strength, the nonimaging optical receiver utilized is based on a simple design. Its performance is less dependent on soil conditions and produces a more consistent optical signal when compared to an imaging optical receiver design. Field results from four sites are discussed. Some spectral samples from a site indicate contaminant material that is not mixed with soil, as evidenced by spectra with a total lack of characteristic iron peaks in the background. Soil grain size and soil moisture are discussed in the context of empirical calibration and their effect on LIBS measurements. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Miles, B (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1998 VL 2 IS 2 BP 75 EP 87 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1998)2:2<75::AID-FACT3>3.0.CO;2-D PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA ZJ484 UT WOS:000073220300003 ER PT J AU Davis, WM Wise, MB Furey, JS Thompson, CV AF Davis, WM Wise, MB Furey, JS Thompson, CV TI Rapid detection of volatile organic compounds in groundwater by in situ purge and direct-sampling ion-trap mass spectrometry SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE site characterization; volatile organic compounds; VOC; groundwater contamination; cone penetrometry ID FIELD AB Site characterization for subsurface contaminants is time-consuming and costly. The Tri-Service Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS) has been developed to reduce the time and cost required for site characterization. Probes are designed to detect specific classes of contaminants such as petroleum products, explosive compounds, volatile organic compounds (VOC), and others. This article describes the Hydrosparge VOC sensor, an in situ VOC detection system that is capable of rapid subsurface site characterization of VOC contaminant distribution. The system consists of a direct push well for groundwater access, an in situ sparge module, and a direct-sampling ion-trap mass spectrometer. The results obtained with the SCAPS in situ technique indicate a strong linear relationship with EPA methods (r(2) = 0.84). SCAPS Hydrosparge VOC sensor has been demonstrated to reduce the time and cost required to characterize sites by directing the placement of a reduced number of conventional monitoring wells. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USA Enginners, Environm Lab, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, US DOE, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. DynTel Corp, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Davis, WM (reprint author), USA Enginners, Environm Lab, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1998 VL 2 IS 2 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1998)2:2<89::AID-FACT4>3.0.CO;2-9 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA ZJ484 UT WOS:000073220300004 ER PT J AU Elam, WT Adams, JW Hudson, KR McDonald, B Gilfrich, JV AF Elam, WT Adams, JW Hudson, KR McDonald, B Gilfrich, JV TI Subsurface measurement of soil heavy-metal concentrations with the SCAPS X-ray fluorescence (XRF) metals sensor SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soils; heavy metals; x-ray fluorescence AB A heavy-metals sensor for measurement of subsurface soil contamination was constructed and demonstrated in the field. The sensor operates via x-ray fluorescence (XRF) to detect metals heavier than calcium in the periodic table and provide semiquantitative information with little spectral interference and straightforward spectral interpretation. A description of the sensor is followed by details of the calibration methods and some typical field results. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Adams, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1998 VL 2 IS 2 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA ZJ484 UT WOS:000073220300005 ER PT J AU Morgan, JC Adams, JW Ballard, JH AF Morgan, JC Adams, JW Ballard, JH TI Field use of a cone penetrometer gamma probe for radioactive-waste detection SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cone penetrometer; in situ analysis; gamma sensor; radionuclide; Cs-137; SCAPS; SRS AB A novel probe for the detection and identification of radionuclides in subsurface soil was developed for on-site characterization of the soil subsurface with the use of the Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS).(1) The device uses a Nal scintillation crystal to detect gamma radiation directly in soil. The emitted gamma rays from radioactive waste that may be present in soil are collected and analyzed to diagnose their identity and relative concentration. The design has been optimized and has been used successfully to investigate Cs-137 contamination at the Department of Energy Savannah River Site, SC. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, IIT Res Inst,WES Tech Grp, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Adams, JW (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, IIT Res Inst,WES Tech Grp, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1998 VL 2 IS 2 BP 111 EP 115 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1998)2:2<111::AID-FACT7>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA ZJ484 UT WOS:000073220300007 ER PT J AU Myers, KF Karn, RA Eng, DY Hewitt, AD Strong, AB Brannon, JM AF Myers, KF Karn, RA Eng, DY Hewitt, AD Strong, AB Brannon, JM TI In situ thermal desorption of VOCs in vadose zone soils SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE volatile organic compounds; chlorinated solvents; thermal desorption; cone penetrometer; in situ analysis site characterization; SCAPS; ITMS AB A volatile organic compound (VOC) sampler developed for the site characterization and analysis penetrometer system (SCAPS) program to provide semiquantitative field screening data was evaluated in the laboratory and in the field. The device is based on thermal desorption principles and is capable of sampling in the vadose and capillary zones. Approximately 5 g of soil is desorbed in situ, and the volatilized compounds transferred to the surface, where they are trapped and analyzed by ion trap mass spectroscopy (ITMS). Ex situ validation samples from a Mostap(TM) core taken 9 in, away from the in situ sample are of two types. One sample is placed in the sampler and desorbed and analyzed in the same manner as the in situ sample. The second validation sample is preserved in methanol and analyzed off site by GC/MS. Comparisons of in situ data to ex situ validation data show that subsurface heterogeneity strongly affects correlation, especially in zones of bedded sand and silt, When the two ex situ samples from the Mostap(TM) core are compared, the subsurface heterogeneity factor is removed and the co-efficient of determination (r(2)) increases to 85%. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, CE, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Myers, KF (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1998 VL 2 IS 3 BP 163 EP 171 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA ZU831 UT WOS:000074239900005 ER PT J AU Buffington, CO Kneiss, SC Hornsby, JL Hoke, SH AF Buffington, CO Kneiss, SC Hornsby, JL Hoke, SH TI Evaluation of tubing losses during field sampling for hydrogen halide gases SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Field Screening Europe - Strategies and Techniques for On-Site Investigation and Monitoring of Contaminated Soil, Water and Air CY SEP 29-OCT 01, 1997 CL KARLSRUHE, GERMANY SP Univ Karlsruhe, Environm Res Ctr, German Fed Min Educ Sci Res & Technol, Delft Geotechn, DECHEMA eV, Umweltforschungszentrum Leipzig Halle GmbH DE absorption; adsorption; air toxics; hydrogen halides; halogen acid; field sampling; interaction; sampling tubing; tubing AB In field sampling for halogen acid gases, various types of tubing are used to transport the air sample from the source to the monitoring instrument or sampling container, During this process, losses of the analyte can occur through interaction with the component material of the tubing or sampling container, The purpose of this study was to investigate this interaction between hydrogen halide gases and various types of common laboratory tubing, A 20-ft length of tubing was placed between an acid gas diluter and the inlet port of a real-time gas analyzer. Electronic flow controllers provided a fixed concentration and flow rate. The acid gas was diluted with nitrogen, The concentration of and the time required for the gas to flow through the tubing was followed with a real-time halogen acid gas analyzer that was interfaced with a computer, By comparing the response characteristics with a calculated theoretical zero interaction, the amount of interaction can be estimated, The gases hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, and hydrogen iodide were each studied with 24-26 types of common laboratory tubing, The best choices for use with any of the hydrogen halides would be either Norprene(TM) or any of the three Teflons(TM). (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 25605 USA. RP Hoke, SH (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1998 VL 2 IS 4 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1998)2:4<231::AID-FACT5>3.0.CO;2-W PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 110HU UT WOS:000075376000005 ER PT B AU Helfman, R Baur, E Dumer, J Hanratty, T Ingham, H AF Helfman, R Baur, E Dumer, J Hanratty, T Ingham, H GP AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TI Turbine Engine Diagnostics (TED): An expert diagnostic system for the M1 Abrams turbine engine SO FIFTEENTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AAAI-98) AND TENTH CONFERENCE ON INNOVATIVE APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE (IAAI-98) - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 98) / 10th Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI 98) CY JUL 26-30, 1998 CL MADISON, WI SP Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence, ACM, SIGART, Defense Adv Res Projects Agcy, Microsoft Corp, USN, Off Naval Res, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn AB Turbine Engine Diagnostics (TED) is a diagnostic expert system to aid the M1 Abrams tank mechanic find and fix problems in the AGT-1500 turbine engine. TED was designed to provide the apprentice mechanic the ability to diagnose and repair the turbine engine like an expert mechanic. The expert system was designed and built by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and the U.S. Army Ordnance Center and School (OC&S). This paper discusses the relevant background, development issues, reasoning method, system overview, test results, return on investment, and fielding history of the project. Limited fielding began in 1994 to select Army National Guard units, and complete fielding to all M1 Abrams tank maintenance units started in 1997 and will finish by the end of 1998. The Army estimates that TED will save roughly $10 million per year through improved diagnostic accuracy and reduced waste. The development and fielding of the TED program represents the Army's first successful fielded maintenance system in the area of Al. There are several reasons associated with the success of the TED program: an appropriate domain with proper scope, a close relationship with the expert, extensive user involvement, plus others that are discussed in this paper. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL IS CI, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Helfman, R (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL IS CI, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DR, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA BN 0-262-51098-7 PY 1998 BP 1032 EP 1038 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BL71Z UT WOS:000076427500147 ER PT B AU Cogan, J Gutman, W Measure, E Vaucher, G Bustamante, D AF Cogan, J Gutman, W Measure, E Vaucher, G Bustamante, D GP AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC TI A preliminary method for "direct" extraction of wind velocity profiles from satellite sounder radiance data SO FIRST CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Conference on Artificial Intelligence at the 78th American-Meteorological-Society Annual Meeting CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. RP Cogan, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 35 EP 36 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL80F UT WOS:000076779400009 ER PT B AU Measure, EM Cogan, J Vaucher, G AF Measure, EM Cogan, J Vaucher, G GP AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC TI Neural network retrieval of atmospheric temperature profiles from satellite and surface based radiometry SO FIRST CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Conference on Artificial Intelligence at the 78th American-Meteorological-Society Annual Meeting CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Rang, NM USA. RP Measure, EM (reprint author), AMSRL IS EW, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 41 EP 44 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL80F UT WOS:000076779400011 ER PT B AU Passner, JE AF Passner, JE GP AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC TI The use of empirical rules on IMETS SO FIRST CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Conference on Artificial Intelligence at the 78th American-Meteorological-Society Annual Meeting CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USA, Res Lab, SLCAS IS EW, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. RP Passner, JE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, SLCAS IS EW, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 75 EP 76 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL80F UT WOS:000076779400019 ER PT B AU Hampton, M Sisk, W AF Hampton, M Sisk, W BE Wickramanayake, GB Hinchee, RE TI Environmental stability of windrow composting for explosives-contaminated soils SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS, VOL 1: RISK, RESOURCE, AND REGULATORY ISSUES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 18-21, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA C1 USA, Ctr Environm, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Hampton, M (reprint author), USA, Ctr Environm, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-056-X PY 1998 BP 123 EP 125 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BL54Q UT WOS:000075845900020 ER PT B AU McKay, D Hewitt, A Reitsma, S LaChance, J Baker, R AF McKay, D Hewitt, A Reitsma, S LaChance, J Baker, R BE Wickramanayake, GB Hinchee, RE TI In situ oxidation of trichloroethylene using potassium permanganate: Part 2. Pilot study SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS, VOL 5: PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 18-21, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA AB Pilot-scale testing is being performed at the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory to evaluate the feasibility of using a concentrated solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) to promote in-situ oxidation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in low-permeability layers of the vadose zone. The permanganate is injected into higher-permeability strata embedded within silt and clay zones zones where residual-phase TCE has been found. Monitoring of pore water indicates oxidation of TCE is occurring, while data from soils analyses are presently inconclusive. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP McKay, D (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-060-8 PY 1998 BP 377 EP 382 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BL54U UT WOS:000075849200059 ER PT B AU Wade, R Ro, KS Seiden, S AF Wade, R Ro, KS Seiden, S BE Wickramanayake, GB Hinchee, RE TI Toxicity reduction of explosives-contaminated soils by composting SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS, VOL 6: DESIGNING AND APPLYING TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 18-21, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA AB The treatment of explosive-contaminated soil was evaluated using the compost technology. Two laboratory-scale compost reactors were used to provide enough composted material to conduct mutagenic and toxicological experiments and chemical analyses. Two explosive-contaminated soil mixtures containing cow manure and alfalfa were composted for 30 days. The Mutatox(TM) bacterial mutagenicity assay and the earthworm acute toxicity tests were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the non-composted and composted soils. The non-composted explosive-contaminated soil was lethal to all exposed earthworms, as were both composted soils prior to composting. Extracts of the initial materials were toxic to bacteria in the Mutatox(TM) assay. Dilutions of the extracts to sublethal concentrations showed a low level of mutagenicity. Extracts of the finished composts showed reduced bacterial toxicity. Composting also reduced the lethality to earthworms. Serial dilutions of the finished composts with artificial soil had earthworm 14-day LC50's of 100% and 35.3%. The reduction in lethality paralleled the evaluation of explosives caused by composting, as indicated by chemical analyses. However, the increased mutagenicity was a result that might not have been indicated by chemical analysis alone. C1 USACE, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Wade, R (reprint author), USACE, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-061-6 PY 1998 BP 253 EP 258 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BL54V UT WOS:000075849600042 ER PT B AU Hampton, ML Manning, JF AF Hampton, ML Manning, JF BE Wickramanayake, GB Hinchee, RE TI Field demonstration of multiple bioslurry treatment technologies for explosives-contaminated soils SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS, VOL 6: DESIGNING AND APPLYING TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 18-21, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA AB The U.S. Army Environmental Center field tested both aerobic/anoxic and anaerobic soil slurry biotreatment processes at Iowa Army Ammunition Plant to evaluate their performance and cost in remediation explosives contamination in soils. The trials were conducted in a RCRA quality lagoon and a concrete trench reactor, employing a variety of commercial impeller and hydraulic mixing systems. Test results described both degradation kinetics and metabolic fate, as well as the capabilities and limitations of different reactor configurations and mixing strategies. The demonstration was conducted in conjunction with a CERCLA removal action going on at the site, so excavated soils were treated at the test site, and the demonstration results will be used by environmental managers in their remedy selection. C1 USA, Ctr Environm, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Hampton, ML (reprint author), USA, Ctr Environm, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-061-6 PY 1998 BP 259 EP 264 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BL54V UT WOS:000075849600043 ER PT B AU Harvey, SP Szafraniec, LL Beaudry, WT AF Harvey, SP Szafraniec, LL Beaudry, WT BE Wickramanayake, GB Hinchee, RE TI Hydrolysis/biodegradation of chemical warfare vesicant agent HT: Two approaches SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS, VOL 6: DESIGNING AND APPLYING TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 18-21, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA AB HT is a powerful vesicant produced as a chemical warfare agent. It is comprised of 60 wt % 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide (H) and 40 wt % bis-(2-(2-chloroethylthio)ethyl) ether (T). Since HT reacts with water to form primarily the alcoholic compounds 2,2'-thiodiethanol (thiodiglycol or TDG) and bis-(2 (2-hydroxyethylthio)ethyl) ether (T-OH), disposal might be accomplished by hydrolysis followed by biodegradation. The half-lives of H and T in a 3.8% HT/water reaction at 90 degrees C were 1.4 and 1.6 minutes, respectively. Concentrations of both were reduced below 1 ppm within 30 minutes. TDG is readily biodegradable. However, T-OH biodegradability has not previously been reported. HBr treatment converted HT ether-alcohol products to TDG. A comparative study of two hydrolysis/biodegradation approaches is reported here. HT was hydrolyzed (1) in water, and (2) in water then with HBr. Products were used as feed for separate aerobic Sequencing Batch Reactors. Bioreactor performances were compared for carbon removal efficiency, effluent toxicity, chemical composition and nitrogen levels, mixed liquor and effluent suspended solids, loading, and oxygen uptake rate. Although both feeds were detoxified in the SBRs, water hydrolysis yielded better overall bioreactor operation. C1 USA, ERDEC, Edgewood, MD 21010 USA. RP Harvey, SP (reprint author), USA, ERDEC, Edgewood, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-061-6 PY 1998 BP 265 EP 270 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BL54V UT WOS:000075849600044 ER PT B AU Ferguson, JW Poe, TP Carlson, TJ AF Ferguson, JW Poe, TP Carlson, TJ BE Jungwirth, M Schmutz, S Weiss, S TI Surface-oriented bypass systems for juvenile salmonids on the Columbia River, USA SO FISH MIGRATION AND FISH BYPASSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fish Migration and Fish Bypasses CY SEP 24-27, 1996 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Univ Agr Sci, Dept Hydrobiol Fisheries & Aquaculture DE hydroacoustic; radio-telemetry; surface-oriented bypass; juvenile salmonids; Columbia and Snake rivers AB Studies of Pacific salmon and anadromous rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus spp.) passage past hydroelectric dams on the Columbia River have been conducted since the first dams were constructed in the 1930s. Decades of research on juvenile salmonid passage led to the installation of turbine intake screens to guide juvenile salmon into bypass systems at most US Army Corps of Engineers (COE) dams on the Columbia and lower Snake rivers. These screens guide from 10 to 80% of the juveniles away from turbines, depending on time of year, species and stage of development. However, recent declines in salmon stocks have precipitated their listing for protection and recovery under the US Endangered Species Act. Regional goals established to recover these stocks have been set for each dam: passage of at least 80% of the juvenile migrants through a non-turbine route, and 95% juvenile fish survival. To achieve these goals, surface-oriented systems are bring developed that bypass fish around turbines and reduce forebay holding, delay and loss to predation. Three surface bypass concepts are discussed: deep slot, surface weir and corner collector. Physical design criteria include attraction velocity, bypass discharge volume, entrance depth and width, depth of interception, zone of separation and zone of influence. Hydroacoustic data indicate that use of existing surface bypass routes by juvenile migrants can be greater than 90%. Use varies based on vertical distribution of migrants in the immediate vicinity of dams, and is higher during daytime hours, Radio telemetry provides data on juvenile salmonid approach patterns into the dam forebay, preferred passage routes, and holding and delay behaviour under varying dam operating conditions. Both methodologies have strengths and weaknesses, but when used in conjunction they enhance our understanding of fish passage and behaviour. Integrating behavioural data with that of forebay hydraulics provides the comprehensive knowledge required to design effective surface bypass systems. C1 USA Corps Engineers, Portland, OR USA. RP Ferguson, JW (reprint author), USA Corps Engineers, Portland, OR USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU FISHING NEWS BOOKS LTD PI FARNHAM PA FARNHAM, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 0-85238-253-7 PY 1998 BP 281 EP 299 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BQ63M UT WOS:000089018500022 ER PT B AU Rice, CG Demarais, S Hansen, RW AF Rice, CG Demarais, S Hansen, RW BE Dallmeier, F Comiskey, JA TI Statistical power for evaluating ecological monitoring methods and analysis SO FOREST BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH, MONITORING AND MODELING: CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND AND OLD WORLD CASE STUDIES SE MAN AND THE BIOSPHERE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Measuring and Monitoring Forest Biological Diversity - the International Network of Biodiversity Plots CY MAY 23-25, 1995 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Smithsonian Inst, Man & Biosphere Biodivers Program, Natl Museum Nat Hist, John D & Catherine T MacArthur Fdn, US Man & Biosphere Program, UNESCO, Man & Biosphere Programme, Intl Union Forestry Res Org, Ctr Int Forestry Res, US Natl Pk Serv, US Natl Biol Serv, USDA Forest Serv C1 USA, Construct Engn Labs, Nat Resource Assessment & Management Div, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Rice, CG (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Labs, Nat Resource Assessment & Management Div, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP LTD PI LANCASTER PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH, LANCASTER LA6 2LA, ENGLAND BN 1-85070-963-7 J9 MAN BIOSPH PY 1998 VL 20 BP 323 EP 334 PG 12 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BL23R UT WOS:000074779600018 ER PT B AU Joachim, CE Welch, CR Lunderman, CV AF Joachim, CE Welch, CR Lunderman, CV GP ISEE TI Precision-scale high-explosive water shock experiments SO FOURTEENTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM ON EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Symposium on Explosives and Blasting Research CY FEB 08-11, 1998 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA AB The U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) recently conducted a series of precision-scale water shock experiments which consisted of the detonation of several 8-gram, 10-gram, and 12-gram spherical explosive charges. The charges were fabricated from NAX 2000 Primasheet explosive and were center-detonated. Commercial tourmaline crystal water shock sensors were used to measure the induced pressure fields in the water. The measured water shock waveforms and related parameters from the precision-scale experiments were in general agreement with data from larger-scale experiments. Precision-scale experiments tend to have greater data scatter than larger-scale experiments because gage and charge placement errors tend to be constant in magnitude regardless of scale. In addition, the gage size has a greater affect on the measured flow field parameters at precision-scale than at larger scale. Obvious ways to improve the situation are to use more precise and accurate gage and charge placement methods, and to use smaller gages. This paper describes the experiments and presents an analysis of the measured pressure data. Comparisons are made between the precision-scale results and those from larger explosions in water as represented by the classical empirical formulae from Cole (1948). C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Joachim, CE (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3930 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC EXPLOSIVES ENGINEERS PI CLEVELAND PA 29100 AURORA ROAD, CLEVELAND, OH 44139-1800 USA PY 1998 BP 25 EP 40 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BK66E UT WOS:000072988700003 ER PT J AU Nath, J AF Nath, J TI Induction of apopain caspase 3 activity following H2O2-mediated oxidative stress in human neutrophils. SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Med, Dept Resp Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 1998 VL 25 SU 1 MA 260 BP S91 EP S91 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 139VP UT WOS:000077051400280 ER PT B AU Poindexter, EH Young, CF Gerardi, GJ AF Poindexter, EH Young, CF Gerardi, GJ BE Garfunkel, E Gusev, E Vul, A TI Hydrogenous species and charge defects in the Si-SiO2 system SO FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF ULTRATHIN DIELECTRICS ON SI-BASED DEVICES SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 3, HIGH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Fundamental Aspects of Ultrathin Dielectrics on Si-based Devices - Towards an Atomic Scale Understanding CY AUG 04-08, 1997 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP NATO, Sci Div, High Technol Program, Russian Fdn Basic Res, USN, Off Naval Res, USA, Res Off, SGS Thomson Microelectr, Rutgers Univ, Lab Surface Modificat C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Poindexter, EH (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5007-3 J9 NATO ASI 3 HIGH TECH PY 1998 VL 47 BP 397 EP 409 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BL59Q UT WOS:000075966700030 ER PT B AU Cogan, J Measure, E Vidal, E Vaucher, G Creegan, E Weber, B AF Cogan, J Measure, E Vidal, E Vaucher, G Creegan, E Weber, B BE Arabnia, HR TI A near-portable system for near real-time atmospheric soundings through fusion of satellite and ground-based remote sensing SO FUSION'98: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTISOURCE-MULTISENSOR INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Multisource-Multisensor Information Fusion (FUSION 98) CY JUL 06-09, 1998 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Comp Vis res & applicat Tech, IEEE Signal Processing Soc, US DOE, Natl Supercomp Ctr Energy & Environm, USA Night Vis & Electr Sensors Directorate, USA Res Off, USN Off Res, Zaptron Syst Inc DE mobile profiler; combined soundings; multi-sensor data fusion AB A highly mobile system is briefly described that is capable of producing soundings from the surface to 30 ion by combining data from meteorological satellites with those from a suite of ground-based sensors. The primary ground-based sensors include a wind radar mounted on a standard high mobility trailer, a passive microwave radiometer for temperature and total precipitable and liquid water and a small, rugged, meteorological ground station. Testing is underway on individual sensors and software components, and the entire system should be ready for test and evaluation before the end of the year A series of field tests with an earlier proof of concept system have demonstrated its capability to produce rapid refresh soundings that can lead to a significant improvement in a variety of applications, including atmospheric profiles that significantly improve analysis and prediction capability of dispersion models over mesoscale areas. C1 USA, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. RP Cogan, J (reprint author), USA, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-02-5 PY 1998 BP 494 EP 497 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Mathematics GA BR81V UT WOS:000167662000071 ER PT B AU Cogan, J Gutman, W Measure, E Bustamante, D Vaucher, G AF Cogan, J Gutman, W Measure, E Bustamante, D Vaucher, G BE Arabnia, HR TI Neural network methods for wind velocity profiles from satellite data SO FUSION'98: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTISOURCE-MULTISENSOR INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Multisource-Multisensor Information Fusion (FUSION 98) CY JUL 06-09, 1998 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Comp Vis res & applicat Tech, IEEE Signal Processing Soc, US DOE, Natl Supercomp Ctr Energy & Environm, USA Night Vis & Electr Sensors Directorate, USA Res Off, USN Off Res, Zaptron Syst Inc DE neural networks; satellite soundings; wind velocity profiles AB A method has been developed for retrieval of wind velocity profiles from satellite sounder radiances using a neural network technique. Each wind velocity vector represents a mean value for a layer approximately centered at that standard height or pressure level. The input includes radiances from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES), plus ancillary information such as latitude and longitude. A set of "co-incident" rawinsonde soundings provide the "truth" data set. In the initial results root mean square errors for the standard levels from 850 through 300 hPa have about the same magnitude as those for current methods such as tracking of moisture features in GOES imagery. Although the results to date appear highly promising, considerable further work is needed before we have an operationally capable technique. C1 USA, Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. RP Cogan, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-02-5 PY 1998 BP 505 EP 508 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Mathematics GA BR81V UT WOS:000167662000073 ER PT J AU Yule, DE Sharp, MK Butler, DK AF Yule, DE Sharp, MK Butler, DK TI Microgravity investigations of foundation conditions SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB A microgravity investigation was conducted in the upstream and downstream switchyards of the Wilson Dam powerplant, Florence, Alabama. The objective of the survey was the detection in the switchyard foundations of subsurface cavities or other anomalous conditions that could threaten the stability of the switchyard structures. The survey consisted of 288 gravity stations in the downstream switchyard and 347 stations in the upstream switchyard. Significant anomalous areas in the switchyards were selected on the basis of residual gravity anomaly maps. These results were prioritized and used to guide an exploratory drilling program to investigate the cause of the anomalies. Highest-priority boring location recommendations were in negative gravity anomaly areas, since negative anomalies could be caused by actual cavities or low-density zones that might represent incipient cavity formation. Remaining boring locations were in positive anomaly areas for verification purposes. The results of the borings confirm the presence of cavities and soft zones indicative of cavity formation. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Yule, DE (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 63 IS 1 BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.1190/1.1444331 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA YU382 UT WOS:000071711500009 ER PT B AU Krinitzsky, EL AF Krinitzsky, EL BE Dakoulas, P Yegian, M Holtz, B TI The hazard in using probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for critical structures SO GEOTECHNICAL EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND SOIL DYNAMICS III, VOL 1 AND 2 SE GEOTECHNICAL SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geo-Institute Specialty Conference on Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics CY AUG 03-06, 1998 CL UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Geo-Inst, USAF, Off Sci Res HO UNIV WASHINGTON C1 USA, Geotech Lab, Waterways Expt Stn, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Krinitzsky, EL (reprint author), USA, Geotech Lab, Waterways Expt Stn, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0361-9 J9 GEOTECH SP PY 1998 IS 75 BP 164 EP 165 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BL59W UT WOS:000075967300011 ER PT B AU Lee, LT Malone, PG Robitaille, GE AF Lee, LT Malone, PG Robitaille, GE BE Robertson, PK Mayne, PW TI Grouting on retraction of cone penetrometer SO GEOTECHNICAL SITE CHARACTERIZATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Site Characterization (ISC 98) CY APR 19-22, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA AB Research was undertaken on the selection and use of grouts and grouting equipment in sealing geotechnical investigation holes created during penetrometer-based site investigations. Portland cement-based grouts with or without environmentally compatible retarders were found to be the most useful materials. A progressive cavity pump with a controller and a direct motor drive pumping through a 9.5-mm grout injection tube preformed satisfactorily. Using the proper materials and equipment it is possible to consistently produce a secure, durable seal under a test site. C1 USAE, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Lee, LT (reprint author), USAE, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-939-4 PY 1998 BP 641 EP 643 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA BK94N UT WOS:000073920600092 ER PT B AU Robitaille, GE Ruddle, MA AF Robitaille, GE Ruddle, MA BE Robertson, PK Mayne, PW TI SCAPS characterization of VOC contaminated sites SO GEOTECHNICAL SITE CHARACTERIZATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Site Characterization (ISC 98) CY APR 19-22, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA AB The Tri-Service Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System, or SCAPS, was developed to address many of the current problems in site characterization. SCAPS combines traditional cone penetrometer technology with contaminant sensors and samplers to quickly and inexpensively provide a profile of contaminants and geophysical properties at hazardous waste sites. C1 USA, Ctr Environm, Aberdeen, MD 21010 USA. RP Robitaille, GE (reprint author), USA, Ctr Environm, Aberdeen, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-939-4 PY 1998 BP 651 EP 654 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA BK94N UT WOS:000073920600094 ER PT J AU Lee, YTM AF Lee, YTM TI Carcinoma of the colon and rectum: Distribution of metastatic sites, risk factors and autopsy studies SO GI CANCER LA English DT Article DE carcinoma; colon; rectum; metastatic; advanced; autopsy ID RECURRENCE FOLLOWING SURGERY; POTENTIALLY CURATIVE SURGERY; ADJUVANT THERAPY; INITIAL DISSEMINATION; COLORECTAL-CARCINOMA; CLINICAL-PATTERNS; NATURAL-HISTORY; ADENOCARCINOMA; CANCER; RESECTION AB About 15% of the patients with colorectal cancer had stage IV disease at diagnosis. Among these patients, about half had liver metastasis, 10% peritoneal seeding, and 5% lung metastasis. Among patients who developed recurrence after resection of early colorectal cancers, 60% or so had distant metastasis: half had liver involvement, 25% lung, 10% abdominal or retroperitoneal nodal relapse. Pathological stage of the primary tumor has significant influence on the rate of distant metastasis, Other prognostic factors and the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy are discussed. Frequencies of metastasis found at autopsy were similar to the rates noted clinically. Stage of colorectal cancer and obstruction,were associated with higher risk of death. These baseline data are useful to study changes in rates and patterns of distant metastasis in the future. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Gen Surg Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Lee, YTM (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Gen Surg Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1064-9700 J9 GI CANCER JI GI Cancer PY 1998 VL 2 IS 4 BP 255 EP 266 PG 12 WC Oncology; Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Oncology; Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 123RN UT WOS:000076138300001 ER PT J AU Lee, YTM AF Lee, YTM TI Carcinoma of the colon and rectum: Distribution of anatomical sites and pathological stages SO GI CANCER LA English DT Article DE colon; rectum; carcinoma anatomic site; pathological stage ID PERIOPERATIVE BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; POTENTIALLY CURATIVE SURGERY; COLORECTAL-CANCER RECURRENCE; LARGE-BOWEL-CANCER; PATTERNS; ADENOCARCINOMA; RESECTION; SURVIVAL; FAILURE; PROGNOSIS AB Location of primary site and pathological stage have significant influence on the recurrent and survival rates of colorectal cancers, Review of English publications showed that about 25% were of right colon, 10% transverse, 5% left colon, and 30% each sigmoid or rectal lesions. Histologically, 10% of the cancers were Dukes A, 40% B, and 25% C or D lesions. When B and C lesions were subdivided: B2 cancers were twice as common as BI lesions; and C2's, over six times that of Cl's, B3 and C3 lesions occurred in 5-10% of the cases. Using the TNM system, stages I-IV were more evenly divided. Informations presented here are useful for studying changes in spatial distribution of colon cancers in the future and for comparing different clinical results from diverse sources. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Gen Surg Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Lee, YTM (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Gen Surg Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1064-9700 J9 GI CANCER JI GI Cancer PY 1998 VL 2 IS 4 BP 301 EP 310 PG 10 WC Oncology; Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Oncology; Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 123RN UT WOS:000076138300006 ER PT B AU Bhat, RK Bender, LV Mikulski, HT AF Bhat, RK Bender, LV Mikulski, HT BE Komp, GR Thompson, MA TI A cost-saving method in radioactive waste SO GOOD PRACTICES IN HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Midyear Topical Health-Physics-Society Meeting on Good Practices in Health Physics CY FEB 08-11, 1998 CL MOBILE, AL SP Hlth Phys Soc AB Disposal of low-level aqueous radioactive material through the sewer is prohibited by many state and county statutes, even though the levels are in compliance with Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulations. Liquid scintillation cocktail used for laboratory, shipping, and commodity wipes are typically found to be at background levels. This background liquid scintillation waste should be treated as chemical waste rather than mixed waste (radiological and chemical). The glass vials at background levels containing liquid scintillation waste can be drained, dried, rinsed, and disposed of as regular waste as per 40 CFR. The detailed procedures for reducing the radioactive waste and recycling the glass vials are given in this paper. C1 US Army Aviat & Missile Command, Project Dev & Radiat Res Off, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Bhat, RK (reprint author), US Army Aviat & Missile Command, Project Dev & Radiat Res Off, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-84-7 PY 1998 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK71F UT WOS:000073162700013 ER PT B AU Harris, WS Edwards, DL AF Harris, WS Edwards, DL BE Komp, GR Thompson, MA TI Evaluation of exposure from a low-energy x-ray device using thermoluminescent dosimeters SO GOOD PRACTICES IN HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Midyear Topical Health-Physics-Society Meeting on Good Practices in Health Physics CY FEB 08-11, 1998 CL MOBILE, AL SP Hlth Phys Soc C1 USA, Radiat Standards & Dosimetry Lab, Attn AMSAM TMD SR D, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Harris, WS (reprint author), USA, Radiat Standards & Dosimetry Lab, Attn AMSAM TMD SR D, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-84-7 PY 1998 BP 129 EP 134 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK71F UT WOS:000073162700024 ER PT B AU Bhat, RK Mikulski, HT Bender, LV Lawlor, DM Burnett, SE Kane, L Das, S AF Bhat, RK Mikulski, HT Bender, LV Lawlor, DM Burnett, SE Kane, L Das, S BE Komp, GR Thompson, MA TI Decontamination and decommissioning underground tanks containing radioactive materials SO GOOD PRACTICES IN HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Midyear Topical Health-Physics-Society Meeting on Good Practices in Health Physics CY FEB 08-11, 1998 CL MOBILE, AL SP Hlth Phys Soc AB An underground reservoir containing radioactive material has been decontaminated and decommissioned. The underground reservoir is located outside of building 358 in Fort Belvoir, VA. Building 358 served as a training center for the U.S. Army Standard Medium 1 (SM-1) nuclear power reactor, which was in operation from 1960-1975. The underground concrete reservoir contained two plastic tanks that collected radioactive materials from building 358. Approximately 12,000 L of liquid waste, containing radioactive Cs-137, was stored in these tanks. The activity of the solution in the reservoir was about 3.7 Bq L-1 (100 pCi L-1). According to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) 10 CFR part 20.2003, this level of activity could be disposed of using the local sewer system. In 10 CFR 20, Appendix B, Table 3, it is acceptable to dispose of 370 Bq L-1 (0.01 mu Ci L-1) of Cs-137 per month through the sewer system. Even though the radioactivity was two orders of magnitude less than this limit, the Commonwealth of Virginia and the Fort Belvoir Department of Public Works prohibit the release of any industrial waste by way of the sewer. This paper discusses the development of an in-house laboratory procedure that allowed for the volume minimization of the Cs-137 waste by removing the isotope from the solution by means of a solid ion exchange resin. Using a submersible pump, the solution was pumped from the underground concrete tanks to the additional above-ground plastic carboys. The Cs-137 was removed from the liquid using the ion exchange method tested in the laboratory. The total volume of 12,000 L of radioactive waste was reduced to less than 12,000 L of filtered background water and 0.1 m(3) of solid material, or less than one-third of a 55-gallon drum to be disposed of as radioactive waste. This paper provides the procedure for an inexpensive method of decontamination and decommissioning of an underground reservoir. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Project Dev & Radiat Res Off, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Bhat, RK (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Project Dev & Radiat Res Off, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-84-7 PY 1998 BP 265 EP 271 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK71F UT WOS:000073162700046 ER PT J AU Ries, AM Nycum, LR Reed, ME AF Ries, AM Nycum, LR Reed, ME TI Myonecrosis of the rectus muscle after a Cherney incision SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Background. The original description of the Cherney incision includes bilateral ligation of the inferior epigastric vessels to increase incision width [1]. However, in patients with compromised abdominal wall vasculature, ligation may lead to healing complications. Case. Our patient experienced necrosis of the right rectus muscle after undergoing pelvic surgery via a Cherney incision. During the procedure, attempts were made to retain both inferior epigastric arteries, but the right was transected and ligated. Sepsis developed and myofascitis was diagnosed. The interesting radiographic findings of myofascitis are also presented. Conclusion. The vasculature of our patient's abdominal wall may have been compromised after four previous transverse abdominal incisions, and the ligation of the right inferior epigastric vessel may have contributed to postoperative complications. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC USA. RP Ries, AM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 68 IS 1 BP 66 EP 68 DI 10.1006/gyno.1997.4898 PG 3 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA YV637 UT WOS:000071847700014 PM 9454663 ER PT J AU Lannan, RW AF Lannan, RW TI Anthropology and restless spirits: The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, and the unresolved issues of prehistoric human remains SO HARVARD ENVIRONMENTAL LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article AB One of the fields of environmental law related to the management of public land and natural resources is "cultural resources" law. Cultural resources include a variety of items, ranging from historic buildings to abandoned shipwrecks. Among the statutes that protect these resources on federal lands are the National Environmental Policy Act, the National Historic Preservation Act, the Archaeological Resources Protection Act, and the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. This Article examines a case that presents significant issues of first impression under the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Lannan, RW (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 91 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU HARVARD LAW SCHOOL PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBLICATIONS CTR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0147-8257 J9 HARVARD ENVIRON LAW JI Harv. Environ. Law Rev. PY 1998 VL 22 IS 2 BP 369 EP 439 PG 71 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA 102PN UT WOS:000074933200002 ER PT J AU Gunter, DD Letherwood, MD AF Gunter, DD Letherwood, MD TI Investigation of the dynamic performance of the M939 truck M198 medium towed howitzer combination SO HEAVY VEHICLE SYSTEMS-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF VEHICLE DESIGN LA English DT Article DE modelling; simulation; validation; vehicle dynamics; vehicle instrumentation AB This paper describes an effort by the US Army Tank-automotive and Armaments Command, Research, Development & Engineering Center (TACOM-TARDEC) to validate a dynamic model of an M923 cargo truck towing a howitzer, and subsequently, use that model to investigate the dynamic performance of the combination while conducting a full matrix of tests to evaluate its stability and handling during braking manoeuvres in response to varying loading and operational conditions. The Analytical Simulation Team (AMSTA-TR-VP) of the Virtual Prototyping Business Group was tasked by the Combat Support Office (TACOM-CSO) to develop and validate high-resolution, computer-based models of the M939 Series Truck (with 14 x R20 tyres) towing an M198, medium, 155 mm howitzer (with 11 x R20 tyres) for the purpose of investigating truck/howitzer dynamic stability while negotiating specially designed on-road braking manoeuvres over a range of vehicle speeds. The follow-on analysis is also intended to determine what influences the 7257+ kilogram (kg) howitzer has on the stability of the truck during braking manoeuvres when the truck is operating in an unloaded condition. C1 USA, RD&E Ctr, AMSTA, TR,VP,Tankautomot & Armaments Command, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Gunter, DD (reprint author), USA, RD&E Ctr, AMSTA, TR,VP,Tankautomot & Armaments Command, MS 157,Bldg 215, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA AEROPORT PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG 110 AVE LOUSIS CASAI CP 306, CH-1215 GENEVA AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND SN 1351-7848 J9 HEAVY VEH SYST JI Heavy Veh. Syst.-Int. J. Veh. Des. PY 1998 VL 5 IS 3-4 BP 341 EP 358 PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 161VT UT WOS:000078310900008 ER PT S AU Rohaly, AM Karsh, R AF Rohaly, AM Karsh, R BE Rogowitz, BE Pappas, TN TI Dividing attention between fovea and periphery: implications for helmet-mounted display design SO HUMAN VISION AND ELECTRONIC IMAGING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Human Vision & Electronic Imaging CY JAN 26-29, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE visual attention; divided attention; useful field of view; dichoptic viewing; helmet-mounted displays; head-mounted displays AB Designers of helmet- and head-mounted displays (HMDs) often assume that monocular devices improve operator performance relative to binocular devices by increasing field of view and by allowing two tasks to be performed simultaneously (one by each eye). To test these assumptions, we implemented a modified useful field of view (UFOV) paradigm in which subjects localized a peripheral target along five meridians within a semicircular region while simultaneously performing a central task. The tasks were either presented to the same eye or to different eyes (simulating a monocular HMD). Because previous research has established age-related changes in the UFOV, the present study investigated the performance of middle-aged observers and compared it to results obtained from young observers in an earlier study. In general, middle-aged observers made more peripheral target localization errors than young observers, indicating an overall constriction of the UFOV. The dependence of localization performance on viewing condition, peripheral distracters and central task, however, was the same for both age groups. Most notably, there was no difference in performance as a function of viewing condition. Thus, these findings do not support the assumption that dividing attention between two eyes allows dual tasks to be performed more efficiently than when attention is divided within the visual field of one eye. C1 USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Rohaly, AM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2739-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3299 BP 351 EP 358 DI 10.1117/12.320124 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BL49M UT WOS:000075700800033 ER PT S AU Bushnell, L Beldiman, O Walsh, G AF Bushnell, L Beldiman, O Walsh, G BE Henzinger, TA Sastry, S TI An equivalence between a control network and a switched hybrid system SO HYBRID SYSTEMS: COMPUTATION AND CONTROL SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Hybrid Systems - Computation and Control (HSCC 98) CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL BERKELEY, CA SP USA, Army Res Off AB A simple model for ideal control networks is proposed in this paper. A model for hybrid systems due to Witsenhausen is extended by adding both a discrete output and input. This extended model is used for modeling an ideal network of interactive hybrid systems. An equivalence is established between the network model and the Witsenhausen model. This equivalence allows for simulating complicated systems, and extending different properties of Witsenhausen type systems to control network systems. A simple HVAC application is modeled using the above equivalence. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Bushnell, L (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Box 90291, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM lgb@ee.duke.edu; ovb@ee.duke.edu; gwalsh@eng.umd.edu NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-64358-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1998 VL 1386 BP 64 EP 79 PG 16 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BM09B UT WOS:000077605500005 ER PT B AU Sawka, MN AF Sawka, MN BE Arnaud, MJ TI Hydration effects on thermoregulation and exercise-heat performance SO HYDRATION THROUGHOUT LIFE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Hydration Throughout Life CY JUN 09-12, 1998 CL VITTEL, FRANCE SP Minist French Educ Dept, Minist Res & Technol Dept, French Olymp & Sports Natl Comm ID GRADED HYPOHYDRATION LEVELS; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; VOLUNTARY DEHYDRATION; FLUID REPLACEMENT; BODY-FLUIDS; HYPERHYDRATION; STRESS; TEMPERATURE; ACCLIMATION; THIRST C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Sawka, MN (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT PI MONTROUGE PA 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE BN 2-7420-0226-X PY 1998 BP 77 EP 86 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology SC General & Internal Medicine; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology GA BM31Q UT WOS:000078365700008 ER PT B AU Holland, JP AF Holland, JP BE Babovic, V Larsen, LC TI Hydroinformatic advancements in integrated hydroenvironmental modeling systems SO HYDROINFORMATICS '98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Hydroinformatics CY AUG 24-26, 1998 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res, Danish Hydraul Inst, UNESCO, Int Org Water Quality, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, World Meteorol Org, Danish Acad Engineers, Danish Water Resources Comm AB The U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station and its technical partners have developed a series of interoperable modeling systems for hydrodynamic, constituent transport, and environmental quality (EQ) analyses. These systems provide access to multiple models, analysis tools, visualization, animation, and parameter estimation in support of groundwater, estuarine, reservoir, riverine, watershed, and wetland management. Presented below is an overview of these systems. Enhancements to the systems' computational models for implementation on scalable computing architectures are highlighted. The conceptual design of a new modeling system, the web-based Land Management System, in support of natural resources management is also overviewed. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Holland, JP (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RI Babovic, Vladan/A-5956-2012 OI Babovic, Vladan/0000-0003-4046-6473 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-983-1 PY 1998 BP 379 EP 386 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL70U UT WOS:000076408400053 ER PT B AU Richards, DR Talbot, CA Howington, SE AF Richards, DR Talbot, CA Howington, SE BE Babovic, V Larsen, LC TI Hydroinformatic issues in gaining regulatory acceptance of numerical modeling technologies SO HYDROINFORMATICS '98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Hydroinformatics CY AUG 24-26, 1998 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res, Danish Hydraul Inst, UNESCO, Int Org Water Quality, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, World Meteorol Org, Danish Acad Engineers, Danish Water Resources Comm AB Hydroinformatic products have been developed and are under widespread use by the U.S. Department of Defense that address modeling of watersheds, surface waters, and groundwater systems. The developed software products each contain multiple models of different vintage and levels of sophistication. Unfortunately, there is a lethargy by many hydroinformatic users and government regulators that slows down the implementation of new technologies with more advanced numerical procedures and physical processes. Procedures for gaining regulatory acceptance of new technologies will be presented for groundwater remediation projects in the United States. A groundwater application using an older but "standard" numerical model will be presented and compared with a newer and more advanced model. Plans for including the next level of numerical technologies are presented. The central aim of the paper is to outline an approach that could be useful to hydroinformatic developers and model users that face regulatory acceptance problems. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Richards, DR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-983-1 PY 1998 BP 1227 EP 1233 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL70U UT WOS:000076408400169 ER PT B AU Lever, JH Gooch, G Foltyn, EP AF Lever, JH Gooch, G Foltyn, EP BE Shen, HT TI A seasonally installed weir to control freezeup ice jams SO ICE IN SURFACE WATERS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Ice CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL POTSDAM, NY SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Res Off, New York Power Author AB Frazil ice production in small, steep rivers can lead to thick freezeup ice jams and consequent flooding. One way to control these ice jams is to collect frazil ice and promote ice-cover propagation in a safe location upstream. We have developed a seasonally installed weir that can assist an ice boom or natural ice arching to arrest frazil flees. This "tension weir" consists of a 0.9-m-high impermeable fabric mounted on wire mesh, held in shape under tension by wire rope connected to deadman anchors. We used model tests to optimize the weir shape, seals, and scour protection. Field tests of the structure showed that it performs well during both freezeup and breakup conditions. This paper describes the design, construction, and testing of the tension weir and possible improvements on its design. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Lever, JH (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-972-6 PY 1998 BP 3 EP 9 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BL78G UT WOS:000076720100001 ER PT B AU Tuthill, A Gooch, G AF Tuthill, A Gooch, G BE Shen, HT TI A physical model study of ice retention booms SO ICE IN SURFACE WATERS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Ice CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL POTSDAM, NY SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Res Off, New York Power Author AB A major disadvantage of conventional ice control booms is their limited effectiveness at water velocity above about 0.7 m/s and Froude number greater than about 0.1. A 1:25 scale hydraulic model study of a generic rectangular channel investigated alternatives for ice retention at open water velocities in the 0.6 to 1.0 m/s (prototype) range. Alternative boom unit geometries and boom configurations were tested, using a plastic ice material and natural ice. Boom cable tensions were measured as ice accumulated upstream of the structures. The study focused on ice restraint capacity of the boom, ice entrainment and ice erosion velocities, as well as the effect of ice friction along the channel sides. Although it was possible to increase the ice restraint capacity of model booms beyond conventional levels, ice entrainment and under ice erosion limited boom performance at higher water velocities. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Tuthill, A (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-972-6 PY 1998 BP 61 EP 66 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BL78G UT WOS:000076720100010 ER PT B AU Daly, DF Hopkins, MA AF Daly, DF Hopkins, MA BE Shen, HT TI Simulation of river ice jam formation SO ICE IN SURFACE WATERS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Ice CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL POTSDAM, NY SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Res Off, New York Power Author AB A three-dimensional discrete element ice model has been coupled with a one-dimensional unsteady channel flow model and used to simulate ice jam formation at an ice control structure. The ice control structure consisted of three cylindrical piers placed across a straight, rectangular channel. The discrete element model is capable of modeling the behavior of several thousand, three-dimensional disk-shaped flees by resolving the inter-flee contact forces, fluid drag force, gravitational force, and buoyancy force acting on each flee. The unsteady flow model is capable of modeling open water flow, flow under an ice jam, and high Reynolds number seepage flow through an ice jam. Two types of ice jams were simulated. The first began with a single layer of flees, evenly distributed on the water surface, moving downstream in a steady, uniform flow. The second began with the release of an upstream impoundment of flees carried downstream by the resulting surge of water. During each simulation the river stage, discharge, forces, and ice jam profiles were calculated at uniformly spaced cross-sections and time intervals. C1 USACRREL, Hanover, NH USA. RP Daly, DF (reprint author), USACRREL, Hanover, NH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-972-6 PY 1998 BP 101 EP 108 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BL78G UT WOS:000076720100015 ER PT B AU Ferrick, MG Calkins, DJ Perron, NM Kendall, C AF Ferrick, MG Calkins, DJ Perron, NM Kendall, C BE Shen, HT TI Stable environmental isotopes in lake and river ice cores SO ICE IN SURFACE WATERS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Ice CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL POTSDAM, NY SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Res Off, New York Power Author AB In this paper the relationships between the stable isotopic signatures of river- and lake-ice cores and corresponding ice formation processes are sought. A parameter that must be determined to establish these relationships is the variable isotopic fractionation during ice growth. Ice cores obtained near the times of maximum thickness from a river impoundment and a small lake were composed predominantly of snow ice and congelation ice. Snow cover and water samples, ice thicknesses, now velocities, and meteorological data were also obtained throughout the growth period to support the analysis. The time of initial ice cover formation differed between the two sites by about a week, and as a result the ice formation processes differed significantly. In addition, snow ice formation and highly variable met conditions led to isotopic signatures of the congelation ice that were different from others that have been reported. The diffusion model of Burton et al., developed to simulate solute rejection by crystals grown from the melt, was used to interpret the data. Though the model was consistent with the field data, it could not be quantitatively tested. A laboratory experiment was conducted both to support interpretations of the field data and to provide a quantitative evaluation of the diffusion model for isotope applications. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Ferrick, MG (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-972-6 PY 1998 BP 207 EP 214 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BL78G UT WOS:000076720100030 ER PT B AU Sodhi, DS Carter, D AF Sodhi, DS Carter, D BE Shen, HT TI A model for ice thrust on dam walls SO ICE IN SURFACE WATERS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Ice CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL POTSDAM, NY SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Res Off, New York Power Author AB We briefly describe a field program to measure both the ice thrust on dam walls and stress in the middle of an ice sheet. On the basis of good correlation found between the development of ice thrust and the rise in water lever in a reservoir, and observations of parallel cracks along a dam wall, we present two theoretical models. The first estimates the upper bound force per unit width for the rotation of an ice flee between two parallel cracks, and the second is for buckling of two ice flees between three parallel cracks. We consider the wedging action attributable to the rotation of ice blocks in both cases. We postulate that it is possible for wedging to develop during the rotation of an ice flee between two cracks, but this possibility is small for two ice floes in a buckled position between three cracks. For the case of two ice flees between three parallel cracks, the estimated thrust from gravitational forces is close to the maximum ice thrust measured at two sites. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Sodhi, DS (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-972-6 PY 1998 BP 433 EP 439 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BL78G UT WOS:000076720100063 ER PT B AU Haehnel, RB Mulherin, ND AF Haehnel, RB Mulherin, ND BE Shen, HT TI The bond strength of an ice-solid interface loaded in shear SO ICE IN SURFACE WATERS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Ice CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL POTSDAM, NY SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Res Off, New York Power Author AB Lack of a standardized method for testing the adhesive strength of ice has hampered efforts to understand ice adhesion and development of low-adhesion materials. However, there are numerous standards for testing adhesive joints. Here, we describe our adaptation of the 0 degrees cone test for measuring the adhesive strength of ice in shear, substituting ice for the adhesive. The main advantage is its simplicity in sample preparation and testing. This paper describes our test procedure and results for ice bonded to stainless steel, aluminum, and several coatings applied to aluminum. From this study, we found that the measured adhesive shear strength of ice bonded to stainless steel increased with strain rate, which follows the same general trend as the cohesive shear in ice, except that the failure strengths were about one tenth that of the estimated cohesive shear strength. Coating aluminum reduced the bond strength by a factor of 3. There was little difference in the bond strength measured for the coatings that were tested. The adhesive strength of ice bonded to stainless steel is about the same as for coated aluminum. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Haehnel, RB (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-972-6 PY 1998 BP 597 EP 604 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BL78G UT WOS:000076720100085 ER PT B AU Hopkins, MA Tuhkuri, J AF Hopkins, MA Tuhkuri, J BE Shen, HT TI Simulation of ridging and rafting in first-year ice SO ICE IN SURFACE WATERS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Ice CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL POTSDAM, NY SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Res Off, New York Power Author AB When two floating ice sheets are pushed together they either raft or ridge. In this work both processes are simulated using a two-dimensional discrete element model. During ridge formation blocks broken from the sheets accumulate to form the ridge sail and keel. During rafting events one sheet overrides the other. Frequently, the two processes alternate. The accuracy of the simulations is assessed by comparison with a series of similar model experiments. Following this comparison the computer model is used to perform simulations to explore the effect of the thickness and the thickness inhomogeneity of the ice sheets on the likelihood of occurrence of ridging and rafting. Inhomogeneity is treated using sheets composed of two thicknesses. The transitional behaviour between ridging and rafting is characterized through an analysis of the energetics. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Hopkins, MA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RI Tuhkuri, Jukka/E-6913-2012 OI Tuhkuri, Jukka/0000-0003-4837-352X NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-972-6 PY 1998 BP 623 EP 630 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BL78G UT WOS:000076720100088 ER PT B AU Nalbandian, V Lee, CS AF Nalbandian, V Lee, CS GP IEEE TI Planar, single-feed, circularly polarized microstrip antenna with enhanced bandwidth SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM - ANTENNAS: GATEWAYS TO THE GLOBAL NETWORK, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE AP-S INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium on Antennas - Gateways to the Global Network CY JUN 21-26, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc, Int Union Radio Sci, USNC, BMW Mfg Corp, Georgia Inst Technol, Georgia Tech Res Inst, Clemson Univ, Electromagnet Sci, Sci Atlanta, Spartech Associates, Millimeter Wave Technol, Wang Electro Opto Corp C1 USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Nalbandian, V (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4478-2 J9 IEEE AP-S PY 1998 BP 1368 EP 1371 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BL38W UT WOS:000075349900336 ER PT S AU Graff, C Bereschinsky, M Patel, M Chang, LF AF Graff, C Bereschinsky, M Patel, M Chang, LF GP IEEE IEEE TI Application of Mobile IP to tactical mobile internetworking SO IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 98) CY OCT 18-21, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE AB Mobile Internetworking Protocol or Mobile IF, proposed in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), does not consider the requirements of tactical military networks, which are predominantly radio based and "on the move" with minimal fixed infrastructure. In this paper, we present a tactical Mobile IP solution for the military architecture, specifically the Radio Access Point (RAP) network, with a focus on providing mobility and fault tolerance. Our approach, in this work, is on improving survivability by moving mobility agents to higher, less mobile and more fault tolerant echelons in the hierarchy. As a baseline approach, we propose a tactical Mobile IP solution based on the Mobile IP protocol proposed in the IETF using Class C address assignment. It is observed that an architecture with multiple Class C address assignment supports basic Mobile IP operation without any modification. We propose the use of Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) to accommodate a large number of Internet addresses. It is shown that other address assignment schemes can also be applied to the military architecture without any modification to Mobile IF. Three route optimization schemes are also described to improve the performance of datagram routing to mobile nodes. C1 USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. RP Graff, C (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-4506-1 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 1998 BP 409 EP 414 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL88F UT WOS:000077034600075 ER PT S AU Torrieri, D AF Torrieri, D GP IEEE IEEE TI Mobile peer-to-peer frequency-hopping communications SO IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 98) CY OCT 18-21, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE AB The potential performance of mobile peer-to-peer frequency-hopping communication systems in multiple-access networks is studied. Through analysis and simulation, the effects of Rayleigh fading, shadowing, spectral splatter the number of frequency channels, spatial diversity, and thermal noise are examined. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Torrieri, D (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-4506-1 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 1998 BP 857 EP 861 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL88F UT WOS:000077034600161 ER PT S AU Peters, B Meehan, J Miller, D Moore, D AF Peters, B Meehan, J Miller, D Moore, D GP IEEE IEEE TI Sensor link protocol: Linking sensor systems to the digital battlefield SO IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 98) CY OCT 18-21, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE AB The continued emphasis on battlefield digitization and communications has created a means to disseminate accurate and timely information among a variety of battlefield computer systems. These efforts now require the digital interfacing of Reconnaissance, Surveillance and Target Acquisition (RSTA) sensor systems to these battlefield computer systems. This paper describes the Sensor Link Protocol, which provides a common interface to a variety of RSTA sensor systems. The Sensor Link Protocol, developed by the Program Management Office of Night Vision/Reconnaissance Surveillance and Target Acquisition (PM NV/RSTA), acts as an enabling technology linking RSTA sensor systems to the digitized battlefield. The Sensor Link Protocol is an RS 485/232 based networking protocol that allows a diverse set of sensors to be connected to a variety of host computer platforms. The protocol provides an interface for exchanging digital information between a host computer and sensor systems, as well as a method of externally controlling the sensor's functions from the host. C1 USA, PM NV RSTA, Program Management Off Night Vis, Reconnaissance Surveillance & Target Acquisit, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Peters, B (reprint author), USA, PM NV RSTA, Program Management Off Night Vis, Reconnaissance Surveillance & Target Acquisit, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-4506-1 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 1998 BP 919 EP 923 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL88F UT WOS:000077034600173 ER PT S AU Rivera, B Humphrey, M Todd, C AF Rivera, B Humphrey, M Todd, C GP IEEE IEEE TI Asynchronous feedback of network capacity for application layer tuning SO IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 98) CY OCT 18-21, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE AB The traditional layered network architecture limits the amount of information which is passed between layers of the protocol stack, When data is passed in such a network, it is in the form of a protocol message sent via a Service Access Paint (SAP) Because of layer and service access limitations, metrics about network conditions are difficult to pass across multiple layers of the protocol stack. Using this traditional network architecture in high demand, low bandwidth networkss can lead to unresolved growth in message latency and subsequent network collapse. This paper presents an asynchronous mechanism that allows various layers of a protocol stack to make informed decisions on the data to be sent based on the current and predicted network performance characteristics. By asynchronous we mean that intervening layers of the protocol stack are not invoked to pass a message along to the! Application Layer; instead, an external communications mechanism is used to store and hold these metrics. We show how access to Data Link Layer information, such as channel access rimes, can allow us to tune the Application Layer performance to more efficiently utilize the available network capacity and prevent network failure, In bandwidth-limited military networks, this efficient use of the physical media, is crucial to winning the information war. C1 USA, Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rivera, B (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-4506-1 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 1998 BP 946 EP 950 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL88F UT WOS:000077034600178 ER PT S AU Marvel, LM Retter, CT Boncelet, CG AF Marvel, LM Retter, CT Boncelet, CG GP IEEE IEEE TI A methodology for data hiding using images SO IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 98) CY OCT 18-21, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE AB In this paper we present a method of embedding information within digital images, called Spread Spectrum Image Steganography (SSIS) along with its payload capacity. Steganography is the science of communicating in a hidden manner, SSIS conceals a message of substantial length within digital imagery while maintaining the original image size and dynamic range, The hidden message can be recovered using the appropriate keys without any knowledge of the original image. The capacity of the steganographic channel is described and the performance of the technique is illustrated. Applications for such a data-hiding scheme include in-band captioning, hidden communication, image tamperproofing, authentication invisible map overlays, embedded control, and revision tracking. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Marvel, LM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-4506-1 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 1998 BP 1044 EP 1047 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL88F UT WOS:000077034600196 ER PT J AU Walters, MC AF Walters, MC TI Observations across the CS-IS divide SO IEEE SOFTWARE LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Walters, MC (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Y2K POC, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0740-7459 J9 IEEE SOFTWARE JI IEEE Softw. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 15 IS 1 BP 10 EP 11 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA YP674 UT WOS:000071302600003 ER PT J AU Ulaby, FT Nashashibi, A El-Rouby, A Li, ES De Roo, RD Sarabandi, K Wellman, RJ Wallace, HB AF Ulaby, FT Nashashibi, A El-Rouby, A Li, ES De Roo, RD Sarabandi, K Wellman, RJ Wallace, HB TI 95-GHz scattering by terrain at near-grazing incidence SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic scattering; rough surfaces ID MILLIMETER-WAVE BACKSCATTER; RADAR SCATTERING; K-DISTRIBUTION; SOIL SURFACES; 95 GHZ; SNOW; MODEL; COHERENT; CLUTTER AB This study, consisting of three complimentary topics, examines of the millimeter-wave backscattering behavior of terrain at incidence angles extending between 70 and 90 degrees, corresponding to grazing angles of 20 degrees to 0 degrees, The first topic addresses the character of the statistical variability of the radar backscattering cross section per unit area sigma(A). Based on an evaluation of an extensive data set acquired at 95 GHz, it was determined that the Rayleigh fading model (which predicts that sigma(A) is exponentially distributed) provides an excellent fit to the measured data for various types of terrain covers, including bare surfaces, grasses, trees, dry snow, and wet snow, The second topic relates to the angular variability and dynamic range of the backscattering coefficient sigma(0), particularly near grazing incidence, In this paper, we provide a summary of data reported to date for each of several types of terrain covers, The last topic focuses on bare surfaces, A semi-empirical model for sigma(0) is presented for vertical (VV), horizontal (HH), and cross (HV) polarizations, The model parameters include the incidence angle theta, the surface relative dielectric constant epsilon, and the surface roughness kappa s, where kappa = 2 pi/lambda and s is the surface root mean square (rms) height. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept EECS, Radiat Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ulaby, FT (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept EECS, Radiat Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI De Roo, Roger/J-2208-2012 OI De Roo, Roger/0000-0001-8391-2950 NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 46 IS 1 BP 3 EP 13 DI 10.1109/8.655446 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA YR399 UT WOS:000071491300002 ER PT J AU Nghiem, SV Kwok, R Yueh, SH Gow, AJ Perovich, DK Hsu, CC Ding, KH Kong, JA Grenfell, TC AF Nghiem, SV Kwok, R Yueh, SH Gow, AJ Perovich, DK Hsu, CC Ding, KH Kong, JA Grenfell, TC TI Diurnal thermal cycling effects on microwave signatures of thin sea ice SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE backscatter; brightness temperature; diurnal thermal cycle; sea ice ID COMPLEX-DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; POLARIMETRIC SIGNATURES; LAYERED MEDIA; MODEL; FREQUENCIES; SCATTERERS; EXCHANGE; BRINE; SNOW AB To investigate effects of diurnal thermal cycles on C-band polarimetric backscatter and millimeter-wave emission from sea ice, we carried out a winter experiment at the outdoor Geophysical Research Facility (GRF) in the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL), The ice sheet grew from open sea water to a thickness of 10 cm in 2.5 days, during which we took polarimetric backscatter data with a C-band scatterometer, interlaced with brightness temperature measurements at 90 GHz in conjunction with meteorological and sea ice characterizations. The initial ice growth in the late morning was slow due to high insolation. As the air temperature dropped during the night, the growth rate increased significantly, Air temperature changed drastically from about -12 to -36 degrees C between day and night, The diurnal thermal cycle repeated itself the next day and the growth rate varied in the same manner, Ice temperature profiles clearly show the diurnal response in the ice sheet with a lag of 2.5 h behind the time of the maximum short-wave incident solar radiation, The diurnal cycles are also evident in the millimeter-wave brightness temperature data, Measured sea ice backscatter revealed substantial diurnal variations up to 6 dB with repeatable cycles in synchronization with the temperature cycles and the brightness temperature modulations, The diurnal cycles in backscatter indicate that the dominant scattering mechanism related to thermodynamic processes in sea ice is reversible. A diurnal backscatter model based on sea ice electrodynamics and thermodynamics explains the observed diurnal signature. This work shows that diurnal effects are important for inversion algorithms to retrieve sea ice geophysical parameters from remote sensing data acquired with a satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) or scatterometer on sun-synchronous orbits. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Space Microelect Technol, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci & Res, Elect Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Nghiem, SV (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ctr Space Microelect Technol, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Kwok, Ron/A-9762-2008 OI Kwok, Ron/0000-0003-4051-5896 NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 1998 VL 36 IS 1 BP 111 EP 124 DI 10.1109/36.655322 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA YT522 UT WOS:000071615500010 ER PT J AU Sadler, BM Dandawate, AV AF Sadler, BM Dandawate, AV TI Nonparametric estimation of the cyclic cross spectrum SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY LA English DT Letter DE cyclic coherence; cyclic cross-spectrum; cyclostationary processes; nonparametric estimation; nonstationary spectral analysis ID KTH-ORDER AB Cyclostationary processes are an important class of nonstationary processes. In this correspondence we consider nonparametric estimation of the cyclic cross-spectrum. A smoothed periodogram-based estimator is studied and its asymptotic behavior characterized, extending recent univariate work to the multivariate case. Application to cyclic coherence measurements is discussed, The results are useful in a variety of multisensor cyclostationary signal processing scenarios such as time delay and bearing estimation. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, IS,TA, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Lucent Technol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Sadler, BM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, IS,TA, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9448 J9 IEEE T INFORM THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory PD JAN PY 1998 VL 44 IS 1 BP 351 EP 358 DI 10.1109/18.651065 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA YN668 UT WOS:000071193500035 ER PT B AU Ballard, JR Smith, JA AF Ballard, JR Smith, JA BE Stein, TI TI 3D scene simulation of natural backgrounds at TIR wavelengths SO IGARSS '98 - 1998 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1-5: SENSING AND MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENT SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 98) on Sensing and Managing the Environment CY JUL 06-10, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Washington, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB We describe a modeling framework for simulating the thermal infrared response from natural backgrounds exhibiting three-dimensional spatial structure. Our approach uses surface energy balance models to calculate component temperatures for the basic vegetation and soil elements making up the landscape. Rendering software is then used to create synthetic infrared scenes as imaged from sensors of varying resolution and viewing geometry. The model is driven by an environmental database containing three kinds of data: terrain (e.g., topography, soil types, soil moisture, and vegetation types); meteorological data (e.g., air temperature, visibility, and cloud cover); and spatially explicit geometric models for the landscape elements. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ballard, JR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4403-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1998 BP 1505 EP 1507 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.1998.691542 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BL34S UT WOS:000075217100487 ER PT S AU Ifarraguerri, A Ren, H Chang, CI AF Ifarraguerri, A Ren, H Chang, CI BE Serpico, SB TI Target detection in hyperspectral images using projection pursuit with interference rejection SO IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR REMOTE SENSING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing IV CY SEP 21-23, 1998 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP CNR, NASA, EOS, Commiss European Communities, SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn DE target detection; projection pursuit; unsupervised orthogonal subspace projection; hyperspectral imaging; HYDICE AB We present a method for the automatic, unsupervised detection of spectrally distinct targets from the background using hyperspectral imaging. The approach is based on the concepts of projection pursuit (PP) and unsupervised orthogonal subspace projection (UOSP). It has the advantage of not requiring any prior knowledge of the scene or the objects' spectral signatures. All information is obtained from the data. First, PP is used to both reduce the data dimensionality and locate potential targets. Then, UOSP suppresses the signatures from undesired objects or interferers that cause false detections when a spectral filter is applied. The result is a set of gray scale images where objects belonging to the same spectral class are enhanced while the background and other undesired objects are suppressed. This method is demonstrated using data from the Hyperspectral Digital Imagery Collection Experiment (HYDICE). C1 USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Ifarraguerri, A (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2959-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3500 BP 54 EP 62 DI 10.1117/12.331893 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BM38A UT WOS:000078535100006 ER PT J AU Liossis, SNC Sfikakis, PP Tsokos, GC AF Liossis, SNC Sfikakis, PP Tsokos, GC TI Immune cell signaling aberrations in human lupus SO IMMUNOLOGIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE systemic lupus erythematosus; human autoimmunity; lymphocytes; signal transduction; antigen receptor; costimulation ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; FC-GAMMA-RIIB; T-CELLS; ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; B-CELLS; ERYTHEMATOSUS SLE; LYMPHOCYTES-B; CD40 LIGAND; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; INCREASED EXPRESSION AB A large array of heterogeneous aberrations of the immune system have been described in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Since the function and the fate of the immune system cells are governed principally by the biochemical events that follow ligation of specialized cell-surface receptors, we will review in this article recent developments in our understanding of abnormalities in the biochemistry of signals generated either by the antigen-receptor complex or by systems of costimulatory cell-surface molecules, like the CD28/CTLA4:CD80/CD86 and the CD40:CD40L pairs found on the surface membrane of lupus immune cells. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Physiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Athens, Sch Med, Dept Propaedeut Med 1, GR-11527 Athens, Greece. RP Liossis, SNC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Physiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM gtsokos@usa.net NR 70 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0257-277X J9 IMMUNOL RES JI Immunol. Res. PY 1998 VL 18 IS 1 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1007/BF02786511 PG 13 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 111FC UT WOS:000075425800003 PM 9724847 ER PT J AU Oshima, M Middlebrook, JL Atassi, MZ AF Oshima, M Middlebrook, JL Atassi, MZ TI Antibodies and T cells against synthetic peptides of the C-terminal domain (H-c) of botulinum neurotoxin type A and their cross-reaction with H-c SO IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE botulinum neurotoxin; synthetic peptides; antibodies; T cells; epitopes ID ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; A NEUROTOXIN; BINDING; PROTEIN; TOXIN; RECOGNITION; PROTECTION; FRAGMENTS; RESPONSES; MOLECULE AB Seventeen peptides containing T cell and/or antibody (Ab) epitopes previously localized on H-c of botulinum neurotoxin type A were used in SJL and BALB/c mice as immunogens either individually or as an equimolar mixture of groups that contained epitopes of T cells, Abs or both, to determine their abilities to generate T cells and/or Abs that recognize intact H-c. In SJL, peptide 897-915 which included both T cell and Ab epitopes, elicited Abs that cross-reacted very strongly with H-c. In BALB/c, peptides 869-887, 883-901, 981-999 and 1275-1296 which contained Ab epitopes generated Abs that cross-reacted strongly with H-c. A mixture of peptides that contained T cell and Ab epitopes was effective in both strains in eliciting T cells and Abs that cross-reacted with H-c. This mixture form gave a quicker rise (after two injections) in cross-reactive (with H-c) Ab titer as compared to other peptide mixtures or the individual peptides, and sustained in BALB/c a high Ab titer upon further booster injections. Some of the regions that elicited crossreactive immunity to H-c have sequence similarity to other clostridial toxins, suggesting that one or more of these synthetic peptides might provide cross-protection against those toxins. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Biochem, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USA, Div Life Sci, Dugway, UT 84022 USA. RP Atassi, MZ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Biochem, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM matassi@bcm.tmc.edu NR 21 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2478 J9 IMMUNOL LETT JI Immunol. Lett. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 60 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1016/S0165-2478(97)00124-7 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA ZB785 UT WOS:000072507800002 PM 9541456 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, YJ Anderson, AO Pabst, R AF Rosenberg, YJ Anderson, AO Pabst, R TI HIV-induced decline in blood CD4/CD8 ratios: viral killing or altered lymphocyte trafficking? SO IMMUNOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; T-CELLS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; INFECTION; NODES; ACTIVATION; APOPTOSIS; SUBSETS; CD4; DISEASE AB During HIV infection, CD4(+)-cell numbers and CD4/CD8 ratios decline in the blood. This is usually attributed to direct viral killing or to other indirect mechanisms. However, current models generally assume that such changes in the blood are representative of changes in total CD4(+)-cell numbers throughout the body. This article discusses the importance of alterations in CD4(+)- and CD8(+)-cell migration in regulating blood lymphocyte levels and questions the extent of virus-mediated CD4(+)-cell destruction. C1 TherImmune Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Hannover Med Sch, Ctr Anat 4120, D-30623 Hannover, Germany. RP Rosenberg, YJ (reprint author), TherImmune Inc, 1500 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM YRosenTher@aol.com NR 55 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-5699 J9 IMMUNOL TODAY JI Immunol. Today PD JAN PY 1998 VL 19 IS 1 BP 10 EP 17 DI 10.1016/S0167-5699(97)01183-3 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA YR704 UT WOS:000071521800003 PM 9465482 ER PT J AU Papanicolaou, GC Blanas, AM Pournaras, AV Stavropoulos, CD AF Papanicolaou, GC Blanas, AM Pournaras, AV Stavropoulos, CD TI Impact damage and residual strength of FRP composites SO IMPACT RESPONSE AND DYNAMIC FAILURE OF COMPOSITES AND LAMINATE MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE composite material; compression-after-lmpact; impact damage; damage tolerance; finite element modeling; penetration; fragment simulating projectiles; ballistic impact ID DELAMINATION; GROWTH; FAILURE AB Structural components made of Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP) have known a widespread use since their introduction in the early seventies in aerospace vehicles. They have literally invaded everyday life worldwide replacing traditional materials used for decades, even centuries for down-to-earth structures such as cosmetics liquid containers and fishing rods. FRP applications in the form of laminated shells either flat or curved have proliferated considerably in the late eighties in all types of vehicles, in parallel with operational environment demands. Strength degradation caused by accidental mostly foreign object impact has evolved in a major problem designers have to deal with effectively. Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRPs) have attracted the attention of the composite materials research community to a greater extent than other FRP categories reflecting the prevailing commercial applications needs. CFRP laminates have exhibited sensitivity even to low velocity impact, while research worldwide has brought into the light a variety of interacting damage mechanisms, responsible for damage generation and propagation. Several efforts have resulted in theoretical-analytical mathematical models proving for particular cases to be practical predictive tools. Yet, a more global formulation is still required. The present work is a step towards that direction, focusing on CFRP laminates used in practice. An analytical model addressed to common quasi-isotropic and cross ply among others laminates is developed in the first place, Subsequently it is verified and applied in real-life laminates. Last but not least penetration impact numerical modeling is treated. C1 Univ Patras, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Composite Mat Grp, Sch Engn, Patras 26500, Greece. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Papanicolaou, GC (reprint author), Univ Patras, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Composite Mat Grp, Sch Engn, Patras 26500, Greece. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 1998 VL 141-1 BP 127 EP 147 PN 1-2 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BK32J UT WOS:000071781000007 ER PT J AU Walsh, TF Lee, BL Song, JW AF Walsh, TF Lee, BL Song, JW TI Penetration failure of Spectra (R) polyethylene fiber-reinforced ballistic-grade composites SO IMPACT RESPONSE AND DYNAMIC FAILURE OF COMPOSITES AND LAMINATE MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE impact loading; ballistic impact; drop-weight impact; fiber-reinforced resin composites; Spectra (R) polyethylene fiber; penetration failure ID LAMINATED KEVLAR; GRAPHITE EPOXY; IMPACT; MODEL; PROJECTILES; INDENTATION; DAMAGE; PLATE AB Our study aims at the establishment of the failure criteria under transverse impact loading in the case of 'ballistic-grade' fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites with a very low matrix content. The current investigation deals with vinyl ester and polyurethane resin systems reinforced with plain-weave fabrics of Spectra(R) polyethylene fibers (roughly 75% by weight). In order to gain a fundamental understanding of the subject, the mechanisms of deformation and penetration failure were examined for composite laminates (multi-ply), composite laminae (single-ply), and dry reinforcing fabrics under quasi-static puncture, low-velocity impact, and ballistic impact loading conditions. A clamping fixture with serrated surface was developed to accommodate flexible specimens under in-plane membrane tension. A calibration curve of energy absorbed vs. clamping force was generated for each system to verify the sufficient clamping forces. The ratio of the number of yarns broken in the fabrics to that of the composites was found to correlate well with the corresponding ratio of energy absorbed, confirming the role of fiber straining in the energy absorption capacity of fabric-reinforced composites. Yarn slippage phenomena could be related to the corresponding difference in performances between dry fabrics and composite laminae. The role of resin addition appeared to make the stress state of composites more uniform than that of the fabrics. As a result, the mechanical properties of resin may influence the number of yarns broken under impact and therefore the energy absorption capacity of composites. Composite laminates with stiffer vinylester resin matrix outperformed those with polyurethane matrix over the entire range of strain rates. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Soldier Syst Command RD&E Ctr, Sci & Technol Directorate, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Walsh, TF (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, 227 Hammond Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 1998 VL 141-1 BP 367 EP 382 PN 1-2 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BK32J UT WOS:000071781000017 ER PT S AU Venizelos, DT Sengupta, S Sausa, RC AF Venizelos, DT Sengupta, S Sausa, RC BE Rosenthal, PA Duncan, WM Woollam, JA TI In situ plasma characterization of laser-ablated BaxSr1-xTiO3 SO IN SITU PROCESS DIAGNOSTICS AND INTELLIGENT MATERIALS PROCESSING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium In Situ Process Diagnostics and Intelligent Materials Processing CY DEC 02-05, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc (MRS) AB High speed imaging and emission spectroscopy are used to characterize the plumes generated from the ablation of bulk barium strontium titanium oxide material in vacuum and 30-60 mTorr of O-2 using a pulsed 248-nm laser with fluences ranging from 5-8 J/cm(2). High speed imaging reveals that in vacuum the leading edge of the plume expands normal to the substrate surface with a velocity of 19.7 km/sec. The ratio of distance traveled to the plume's radius is similar to 2 at the early stages of the expansion and 3.2 at the later stages near the substrate. Similar observations are observed when the plume expands in 30 mTorr of O-2 for times less than 2.0 mu sec. However, at times greater than 2.0 mu sec the plume's expansion is retarded due to collisional momentum transfer and reactions with the background gas. This effect is more pronounced when the plume expands in 60 mTorr of O-2. Blast wave theory is used to model these results. Time-resolved emission spectroscopy ai Ba(I) lines in the 735-773 nm region reveals that the plume' electron temperatures, T-e, in a vacuum expansion range from 18000 +/- 2000 K at 0.1 mu sec to 15000 +/- 1500 K at 2.0 mu sec. In contrast, in 30 mTorr of O-2 the values of T-e range from 17000 +/- 2000 K at 0.1 mu sec to 4000 +/- 500 K at 8.0 mu sec. At 0.1 mu sec the plume's electron density is estimated as 1.7 +/- 0.4 x 10(17) cm(-3) in both vacuum and 30 mTorr of O,. We also determine the Stark broadening of the Ba(I) line at 746 nm to be 0.5 +/- 0.1 A at an electron temperature of 1 eV and an electron density of 10(17) cm(-3). C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Sausa, RC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-407-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 502 BP 187 EP 192 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL42U UT WOS:000075472800026 ER PT B AU Schmidt, WJ AF Schmidt, WJ BE Wakayama, T Kannapan, S Khoong, CM Navathe, S Yates, J TI Knowledge worker system for process integration SO INFORMATION AND PROCESS INTEGRATION IN ENTERPRISES: RETHINKING DOCUMENTS SE KLUWER INTERNATIONAL SERIES IN ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Working Conference on Information and Process Integration in Enterprises CY NOV 14-15, 1996 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT, Ctr Coordinat Sci, Xerox Corp, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Informat Technol Inst Singapore Natl Comp Board HO MIT C1 USA, CERL, Business Proc Div, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 0-7923-8059-2 J9 KLUWER INT SER ENG C PY 1998 VL 428 BP 339 EP 351 PG 13 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BL43P UT WOS:000075512300021 ER PT S AU Marvel, LM Boncelet, CG Retter, CT AF Marvel, LM Boncelet, CG Retter, CT BE Aucsmith, D TI Reliable blind information hiding for images SO INFORMATION HIDING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Information Hiding CY APR 14-17, 1998 CL PORTLAND, OREGON AB In this paper we present a new method for reliable blind image steganography that can hide and recover a message of substantial length within digital imagery while maintaining the original image size and dynamic range. Image processing, error-control coding, and spread spectrum techniques are utilized to conceal hidden data and the performance of the technique is illustrated. The message embedded by this method carl be in the form of text, imagery, or any other digital signal. Applications for such a data-hiding scheme include in-band captioning, hidden communication, image tamperproofing, authentication, embedded control, and revision tracking. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Marvel, LM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-65386-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1998 VL 1525 BP 48 EP 61 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BP55H UT WOS:000085483300004 ER PT S AU Tidrow, MZ Beekman, D Kennerly, S Jiang, XD Li, SS Singh, A Dodd, M AF Tidrow, MZ Beekman, D Kennerly, S Jiang, XD Li, SS Singh, A Dodd, M BE Dereniak, EL Sampson, RE TI Simplified QWIPs for low temperature and low background applications SO INFRARED DETECTORS AND FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Detectors and Focal Plane Arrays V CY APR 14-17, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE IR detectors; QWIP; focal plane arrays; low background; low temperature operation; BLIP temperatures; conversion efficiency AB Quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) technology has developed rapidly in the past decade culminating in the demonstration of large format focal plane arrays. Most of the efforts so far have been on tactical applications in which an increased operating temperature is the major objective. For strategic applications with a cold background and a faint target, low temperature operation is required Under these conditions, improving the conversion efficiency (quantum efficiency times gain) is very important for QWIPs to collect sufficient signal. Simplified QWIP (S-QWIP) structures with increased optical gains have been demonstrated. In this presentation, experimental results of several S-QWIPs will be given. The properties of simplified QWIPs will be examined at low temperatures with a low background and a faint target. Results of a computer simulation with an unresolved target will be discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tidrow, MZ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2828-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3379 BP 268 EP 273 DI 10.1117/12.317593 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BL57H UT WOS:000075913800026 ER PT S AU Choi, KK Chen, CJ Goldberg, AC Chang, WH Tsui, DC AF Choi, KK Chen, CJ Goldberg, AC Chang, WH Tsui, DC BE Dereniak, EL Sampson, RE TI Performance of corrugated quantum well infrared photodetectors SO INFRARED DETECTORS AND FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Detectors and Focal Plane Arrays V CY APR 14-17, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE infrared detector; optical coupling; quantum wells; focal plane array AB Corrugated quantum well infrared photodetectors (C-QWIPs) use total internal reflection to couple normal incident light into the detectors. In this work, we report the performance of C-QWIPs at different wavelengths. Compared with 45 degrees edge coupling, a C-QWIP increases the background photocurrent to dark current ratio r(1) by a factor between 2.4 and 4.4, thereby increasing the background-limited temperature by 3 to 5 K. The detectivity D* is increased by a factor of 2.4. We applied the C-QWIP to two-color detection and obtained precision thermometric measurements. We have also fabricated and characterized a 256 x 256 C-QWIP array with cutoff wavelength at 11.2 mu m. The uncorrected nonuniformity (sigma/mean) in the central 128 x 128 subarray is 2.3%. The NE Delta T at 63 K is estimated to be 23 mK. Furthermore, we have shown that r(1) can be further increased by fabrication of the C-QWIP into the corrugated hot-electron transistor structure. The enhanced performance of the corrugated structure, combined with its simple processing steps, greatly improves the QWIP technology. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Choi, KK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2828-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3379 BP 441 EP 452 DI 10.1117/12.317612 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BL57H UT WOS:000075913800043 ER PT S AU Beekman, DW Little, JW Kennerly, SW Goldberg, AC AF Beekman, DW Little, JW Kennerly, SW Goldberg, AC BE Dereniak, EL Sampson, RE TI Quantum well infrared photodetector performance parameters vs binding energy SO INFRARED DETECTORS AND FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Detectors and Focal Plane Arrays V CY APR 14-17, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE quantum well; infrared; photodetector; QWIP; GaAs; AlGaAs AB We describe here a study of Mini-Band Transport (MBT) Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) samples in which the binding energy of photoexcited electrons is systematically varied. Each sample has been characterized electrically and radiometrically. Results are reported for variation of absorption spectra, spectral response, IV characteristics, blackbody responsivity, detector noise, and detectivity vs binding energy for dark current limited mode of operation. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE EE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Beekman, DW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE EE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2828-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3379 BP 453 EP 460 DI 10.1117/12.317614 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BL57H UT WOS:000075913800044 ER PT S AU Burke, MJ Wan, W AF Burke, MJ Wan, W BE Holst, GC TI IR FPA sensor characterization and analysis using Matlab (R) SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Imaging System - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing IX CY APR 15-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE IR-FPA; performance analysis; noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) AB This paper documents the Matlab routines used to conduct infrared focal plane array (IR-FPA) sensor data analysis. Matlab is a commercially available software package that enables users to conduct a multitude of data analysis, file I/O, and generation of graphics with little to no computer programming skills. This effort was conducted in support of the US Army Tank-automotive and Armaments Command - Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center's (TACOM-ARDEC) 120mm Precision Guided Mortar Munition(PGMM). PGMM's sensor included a 256x256 mid-band IR-FPA. This paper summarizes a primer generated to help train PGMM sensor engineers to use Matlab for conducting IR-FPA image analysis. A brief system description of the PGMM LR sensor will be presented, and follow by discussion on the Matlab IR-FPA image analysis, such as measurement of; FPA operability, Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference (NETD), temporal noise, spatial noise, as well as gain and offset calibration for non-uniformity correction (NUC). C1 USA, Off Project Manager Sense & Destroy Armor, SFAE, GCSS,SD, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Burke, MJ (reprint author), USA, Off Project Manager Sense & Destroy Armor, SFAE, GCSS,SD, Bldg 171A,2nd Fl, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2826-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3377 BP 71 EP 76 DI 10.1117/12.319388 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL61D UT WOS:000076007800008 ER PT B AU Johnson, GA Lynch, JM AF Johnson, GA Lynch, JM GP IES TI Utilization of environmental testing for the enhancement of the operational characteristics of electronic equipment SO INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY - 1998 PROCEEDINGS: DESIGN, TEST, AND EVALUATION PRODUCT RELIABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Environmental-Sciences-and-Technology on the 21st Century - A New Frontier in International Information Exchange CY APR 26-MAY 01, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Inst Environm Sci & Technol DE high temperature; tactical; chamber; commercial; military; Army; soldiers AB This paper is a discussion of the high temperature testing performed on a piece of commercial electronic equipment used by the Army in a critical exercise by soldiers in a military environment. The paper addresses the use of a high temperature test chamber to evaluate the equipment for determination of its suitability in the intended environment. In addition, it demonstrates how the test chamber was used to discover and pinpoint a problem area as well as assist in developing a solution and verifying the fix. It demonstrates how environmental testing can be a very powerful tool in the development of a product. C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Johnson, GA (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES PI MT PROSPECT PA 940 E NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, MT PROSPECT, IL 60056 USA BN 1-877862-63-0 PY 1998 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BL14X UT WOS:000074492400003 ER PT B AU White, GO AF White, GO GP IES TI Temperature response characteristics of various vibration isolators (Is rubber still rubber at 25 below?) SO INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY - 1998 PROCEEDINGS: DESIGN, TEST, AND EVALUATION PRODUCT RELIABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Environmental-Sciences-and-Technology on the 21st Century - A New Frontier in International Information Exchange CY APR 26-MAY 01, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Inst Environm Sci & Technol DE fatigue ratio; frequency response; isolators; power spectral density; shock mounts; temperature response; transfer function; transmissibility; vibration AB This paper discusses an effort conducted to characterize four types of vibration isolators regarding their frequency response as a function of temperature and to determine whether the system utilizing the isolators would be able to survive operation in an arctic environment. Previous operation in a desert environment had been performed with no difficulty and it was hoped that it could be predicted that arctic operations would be successful based on desert and laboratory information. Data at various temperatures were gathered in the lab, and Power Spectral Density (PSD) data, transfer functions, and fatigue ratios were used to predict responses at arctic temperatures. Unfortunately, predicted arctic responses exceeded those the system had been exposed to in desert operations, and it was determined that additional testing at arctic temperatures was warranted. C1 USA, Aberdeen Test Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP White, GO (reprint author), USA, Aberdeen Test Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES PI MT PROSPECT PA 940 E NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, MT PROSPECT, IL 60056 USA BN 1-877862-63-0 PY 1998 BP 55 EP 60 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BL14X UT WOS:000074492400008 ER PT B AU Hale, MT Adhami, R AF Hale, MT Adhami, R GP IES TI Operational vibration specification of helicopter stores using wavelet analysis SO INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY - 1998 PROCEEDINGS: DESIGN, TEST, AND EVALUATION PRODUCT RELIABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Environmental-Sciences-and-Technology on the 21st Century - A New Frontier in International Information Exchange CY APR 26-MAY 01, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Inst Environm Sci & Technol DE wavelets; wavelet packet; vibration specification; nonstationary vibration AB A discussion of classical signal analysis techniques for both stationary and nonstationary data and corresponding shortcomings of each is available in reference [25]. The earlier work proposed wavelet based signal analysis as a potential tool in the analysis and specification development of nonstationary vibration events. This is a continuation of the previous ideas with application towards operational vibration specification development of nonstationary vibration events measured on helicopter stores. Wavelet analysis will be reviewed and followed by a tailored wavelet based operational vibration specification proposal. C1 USA, Redstone Tech Test Ctr, TECOM, STERT,TE,M,DY, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Hale, MT (reprint author), USA, Redstone Tech Test Ctr, TECOM, STERT,TE,M,DY, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES PI MT PROSPECT PA 940 E NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, MT PROSPECT, IL 60056 USA BN 1-877862-63-0 PY 1998 BP 61 EP 78 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BL14X UT WOS:000074492400009 ER PT J AU Clay, ML Pierce, RE Young, VY Hoke, S AF Clay, ML Pierce, RE Young, VY Hoke, S TI A converging wall-jet instrument for ion selective electrode dynamic response studies SO INSTRUMENTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLOW INJECTION ANALYSIS; BROMIDE; NITRATE AB Ion selective electrodes are used to conduct real-time measurements of gaseous thermal degradation products from halon replacement experiments. Response characteristics of these ion selective electrodes are needed to address potential interferences,and surface poisoning experienced under field conditions. The design and the fabrication of an in situ, converging wall-jet instrument for the measurement of the dynamic responses of ion selective electrodes are described. Various time delays associated with the generation and detection of ion activity steps have been quantitatively determined. Dynamic response measurements for iodide steps on a Coming iodide/cyanide ion selective electrode are comparable to those obtained on the best of the earlier instrument designs, the in situ, switched wall-jet instrument. The advantages of the converging wall-jet instrument over the switched wall-jet instrument are identified. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Clay, ML (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem, POB 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1073-9149 J9 INSTRUM SCI TECHNOL JI Instrum. Sci. Technol. PY 1998 VL 26 IS 5 BP 461 EP 472 DI 10.1080/10739149808000914 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 139HE UT WOS:000077021800002 ER PT J AU Markowski, MJ Sethi, AS AF Markowski, MJ Sethi, AS TI Blocked and free access real-time splitting protocols SO INTEGRATED COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHMS AB Addressing the challenge of packet transmission in a wireless soft realtime system, we present five splitting protocols that take packet deadlines into account. With them, connectionless service with real-time QoS guarantees at the MAC layer can be offered. Three protocols are blocked access and two are free access algorithms. Mathematical models are developed and results compared with simulations. As is the case with non real-time splitting algorithms, the blocked access versions offer higher success rates than the free access versions. We further show that of the two best performing blocked access protocols, under moderate to heavy loads, the Sliding Partition CRA outperforms the Two Cell CRA. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, APG, MD USA. RP Sethi, AS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1069-2509 J9 INTEGR COMPUT-AID E JI Integr. Comput.-Aided Eng. PY 1998 VL 5 IS 3 BP 207 EP 226 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 114WR UT WOS:000075632600002 ER PT J AU Rao, JBL Patel, DP Sengupta, LC AF Rao, JBL Patel, DP Sengupta, LC TI Phased array antennas based on bulk phase shifting with ferroelectrics SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE bulk phase shifting; ferroelectric materials/devices; lens antennas; phased array antennas; phase shifters ID SHIFTERS AB A new concept for phased arrays is proposed using a voltage controlled ferroelectric lens. The ferroelectric lens concept uniquely incorporates bulk phase shifting; the array does not contain individual phase shifters but rather uses ferroelectric material. This will reduce the number of phase shifters from (n x m) to (n + m), where n is the number of columns and m is the number of rows in a phased array. The number of phase shifter drivers and phase shifter controls is also significantly reduced by using row-column beam steering. Thus, the ferroelectric lens concept can potentially lead to low-cost phased arrays. This paper presents the ferroelectric lens concept, theoretical analysis and design, and experimental results. A brief discussion of ferroelectric materials is also included. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Rao, JBL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1998 VL 22 IS 1-4 BP 827 EP 836 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 130WX UT WOS:000076544300029 ER PT J AU Synowczynski, J Sengupta, LC Chiu, LH AF Synowczynski, J Sengupta, LC Chiu, LH TI Investigation of the effect of particle size on the 10 GHz microwave properties of Ba1-xSrxTiO3/MgO composite ceramics SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE barium strontium titanate; phased array antennas; low loss tunable dielectrics; ceramic composites ID BARIUM STRONTIUM-TITANATE AB The objective of this study is to determine the effect of milling on the X-Band microwave properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/ MgO {wt% MgO = 0 to 60 wt%} composites. At low frequency, the effect of the reduction of the overall particle size of the materials from attritor milling is dependent on the additive oxide content; for samples with oxide content > 5.0 wt%, the dielectric constant, and tunability (%) are decreased. Whereas, milled Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/MgO[1] {wt% MgO = 0 to 1 wt%} composites exhibit low loss tangents, higher tunabilities, and higher dielectric constants than unmilled samples. The present study is focused on the effect of milling on the dielectric properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/MgO composites at microwave frequency. The samples were evaluated in a 10 GHz resonator cavity. Additionally, the effect of barium content and MgO content on the 10 GHz dielectric properties of BaxSr1-xTiO3 (x = 0.45, 0.50, 0.55, 0.60)/MgO (MgO = 1 - 60 Wt%) are investigated. These results are correlated with relevant material characterization techniques including FT-Raman studies. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Synowczynski, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1998 VL 22 IS 1-4 BP 861 EP 872 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 130WX UT WOS:000076544300032 ER PT J AU Sengupta, LC Sengupta, S Rees, DA Synowcyznski, J Stowell, S Ngo, EH Chiu, LH AF Sengupta, LC Sengupta, S Rees, DA Synowcyznski, J Stowell, S Ngo, EH Chiu, LH TI Pyroelectric and electronic properties of thick film and thin film Ba1-xSrxTiO3 SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article AB Several compositions of doped and undoped Barium Strontium Titanium Oxide (BSTO) ceramics have been fabricated in tapecast and thin film form. The specimens examined in this paper include a well-known commercially adopted Ba0.64Sr0.36TiO3[1] as well as a composition suggested in the literature[2], and also a patented composition: BSTO / MgO [3]. With respect to doping BSTO with MgO, it has been shown that these materials have reduced dielectric constants and loss tangents (over a very wide frequency range from 100 Hz-10 GHz) [4-7] and thereby,as it will be shown in this report, they should be expected to have increased pyroelectric figure of merit. This article will discuss the processing, material characterization, pyroelectric coefficient, and pyroelectric figure-of-merit of the above mentioned BSTO compositions. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ N Wales, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Bangor LL57 1UT, Gwynedd, Wales. RP Sengupta, LC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1998 VL 22 IS 1-4 BP 913 EP 924 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 130WX UT WOS:000076544300037 ER PT J AU Stowell, SC Zhu, YF Zhang, XB Sengupta, S Sengupta, LC Hsieh, AJ AF Stowell, SC Zhu, YF Zhang, XB Sengupta, S Sengupta, LC Hsieh, AJ TI Investigation of the effects of milling ceramic targets on the optical and electrical properties of BST thin films deposited by RF sputtering SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE ferroelectrics; thin films; RF sputtering; BST AB The RF sputtering method was utilized to deposit thin films of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (BST). The targets utilized in these experiments were prepared from ceramic powders with different particle size. The goat of this work is to examine whether the particle size distribution of the target can affect the properties of the thin films fabricated by the sputtering method. The Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) was used to examine the grain size in the thin films. The composition of the thin films and the bulk materials were examined by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The dielectric properties of the thin films were measured and compared to its bulk counterparts. It was found that on lattice matched electrodes of SrRuO3 on LaAlO3 substrates, the thin films deposited from ceramic targets manufactured from ball-milled powders had finer grain size than those deposited from targets made from unmilled powders. However, this phenomenon was not observed in the case of polycrystalline films deposited on platinized silicon wafers. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM M, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Stowell, SC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM M, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 1-4 BP 441 EP 449 DI 10.1080/10584589808202084 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 130WV UT WOS:000076544100040 ER PT J AU Cole, MW Sengupta, S Stowell, S Hubbard, CW Ngo, EH AF Cole, MW Sengupta, S Stowell, S Hubbard, CW Ngo, EH TI The influence of microstructure on the electronic properties of thin films of barium strontium titanium oxide composites SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE doped BSTO films; microstructure; dielectric properties AB Microstructural and electrical properties were investigated for barium strontium titanium oxide (BSTO) magnesium oxide doped (0 to 10 wt. %) thin films deposited by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method on Pt/TiOx/SiO2/Si substrates. The dielectric properties were found to be strongly dependent on composition and microstructure. In cross-section, all films exhibited a columnar polycrystalline microstructure with vertical orientation deviations dictated by the surface roughness of the Pt electrode. A uniform granular microstructure was observed for all films in plan view. The dielectric constant, loss tangent and grain size decreased with increasing MgO concentration. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 1-4 BP 469 EP 473 DI 10.1080/10584589808202087 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 130WV UT WOS:000076544100043 ER PT J AU Joshi, PC Ramanathan, S Desu, SB Stowell, S Sengupta, S AF Joshi, PC Ramanathan, S Desu, SB Stowell, S Sengupta, S TI Characterization of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films with Mg additive fabricated by metalorganic decomposition technique SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE ferroelectrics; thin films; MOD ID MICROWAVE AB We report for the first time Ba0.6ST0.4TiO3 (BST 60/40) thin films with Mg additive fabricated by Metalorganic decomposition technique on platinum coated silicon substrates using acetate-alkoxide precursors.([1]) The structural and electrical properties of the BST thin films were greatly changed by additions of Mg. The surface morphology of the films was smooth with a dense microstructure. The typical small signal dielectric constant and the loss factor for a 0.4 mu m thick undoped BST films were 450 and 0.013, respectively, at an applied frequency of 100 kHz. The dielectric loss was significantly reduced by the Mg content. The tunability (Delta C/C-0) was found to change from 20.7% to 5.8% as the Mg additive content was changed from 0 to 20 mol%. The films exhibited high resistivity of the order of 10(12) Ohm-cm even up to an applied electric field of 100 kV/cm. C1 USA, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Sengupta, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1998 VL 19 IS 1-4 BP 141 EP + DI 10.1080/10584589808012700 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA ZU661 UT WOS:000074220500009 ER PT J AU Wilber, W Drach, W Koscica, T Babbitt, R Sengupta, L Sengupta, S AF Wilber, W Drach, W Koscica, T Babbitt, R Sengupta, L Sengupta, S TI Fabrication and performance of coplanar ferroelectric phase shifter SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE ferroelectric; thin films; phase shifter ID MICROWAVE AB Coplanar ferroelectric phase shifters have been fabricated from thin films of barium strontium titanate (BST) and gold coplanar waveguide. The ability for these devices to provide a variable phase shift is based upon the change in dielectric constant of the BST with an applied de bias. We have fabricated coplanar phase shifters by three different series of fabrication steps. For each of the three devices, MgO was used as the substrate, and the BST films were deposited by laser ablation. We describe the coplanar design, material deposition, and the high frequency testing. The phase shifters were tested at frequencies up to 35 GHz. C1 USA, Res Lab, Phys Sci Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. USA, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Watertown, MA 02172 USA. RP Sengupta, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Phys Sci Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1998 VL 19 IS 1-4 BP 149 EP 158 DI 10.1080/10584589808012701 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA ZU661 UT WOS:000074220500010 ER PT J AU Legree, PJ Fischl, MA Gade, PA Wilson, M AF Legree, PJ Fischl, MA Gade, PA Wilson, M TI Testing word knowledge by telephone to estimate general cognitive aptitude using an adaptive test SO INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article ID ABILITIES; BATTERY; ASVAB AB A computerized adaptive test of word knowledge was administered over the telephone by reading items and response alternatives to 144 individuals who had recently enlisted in the U.S. Army and had completed the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB). The ASVAB was developed to assess the trainability of potential recruits and ASVAB data are used to compute Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT) scores. Subject responses were entered into a computer by a telephone interviewer, thereby allowing the computerized adaptive test program to accurately estimate individual differences by presenting approximately 10 verbal items. The Telephone Test and the AFQT scores correlated .66 in this sample, and a population correlation of .81 was estimated based on the bivariate correction for range restriction. A confirmatory factor analysis sup ported a four factor solution with the Telephone Test loading at a very high level (.91) on a Verbal factor, which had a substantial loading (.72) on Psychometric g. The correlations, factor loadings and administration time (5 to 10 minutes) indicate that the procedure provides an excellent measure of crystallized verbal aptitude that could be incorporated into telephone interviews and used to estimate general cognitive aptitude. C1 USA, Res Inst, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. Westat Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Legree, PJ (reprint author), USA, Res Inst, 5001 Eisenhower Ave, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ABLEX PUBL CORP PI STAMFORD PA 100 PROSPECT ST, PO BOX 811, STAMFORD, CT 06904-0811 USA SN 0160-2896 J9 INTELLIGENCE JI Intelligence PY 1998 VL 26 IS 2 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S0160-2896(99)80056-7 PG 8 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 134PR UT WOS:000076752200004 ER PT J AU Tanoglu, M McKnight, SH Palmese, GR Gillespie, JW AF Tanoglu, M McKnight, SH Palmese, GR Gillespie, JW TI Use of silane coupling agents to enhance the performance of adhesively bonded alumina to resin hybrid composites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES LA English DT Article DE silane coupling agents; hybrid composites; adhesion; durability; interfacial strength AB Silane coupling agents were employed to improve the adhesion of vinyl-ester to alumina (Al2O3). Shear test by compression loading (ASTM D905) was used to study dry and wet adhesion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the uniformity of silane coatings and the fracture modes after shear testing. Results showed that the adhesion and durability of the sandwiched alumina/vinyl-ester systems were significantly improved by certain silane surface treatment for most of the systems. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Mat Sci Program, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Gillespie, JW (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Mat Sci Program, Newark, DE 19716 USA. OI Tanoglu, Metin/0000-0001-9770-1302 NR 5 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-7496 J9 INT J ADHES ADHES JI Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. PY 1998 VL 18 IS 6 BP 431 EP 434 DI 10.1016/S0143-7496(98)00021-9 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 156QL UT WOS:000078013500006 ER PT J AU Hernandez, NA Hinrichsen, GA Lapidus, LB AF Hernandez, NA Hinrichsen, GA Lapidus, LB TI An empirical study of object relations in adult children of depressed elderly mothers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGING & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID AFFECTIVE-DISORDERS; CAREGIVERS; QUALITY AB This study used a psychodynamic perspective on psychological functioning, object relations, for understanding coping and emotional distress in (N = 50) sons and daughters providing assistance to an elderly mother hospitalized for major depression. Hypotheses that better maternal object relations would be related to more adaptive coping and less emotional distress received partial support. The hypothesis that an elderly mother's history of depression when a son or daughter was a child would be associated with adult children's poorer object relations received support. Results indicate that object relations may be a useful framework for studying family issues in late life depression. C1 Hillside Hosp, Long Isl Jewish Med Ctr, Glen Oaks, NY 11004 USA. Columbia Univ, Teachers Coll, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Hinrichsen, GA (reprint author), Hillside Hosp, Long Isl Jewish Med Ctr, Res Bldg,75-59 263 St, Glen Oaks, NY 11004 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU BAYWOOD PUBL CO INC PI AMITYVILLE PA 26 AUSTIN AVE, AMITYVILLE, NY 11701 USA SN 0091-4150 J9 INT J AGING HUM DEV JI Int. J. Aging Human Dev. PY 1998 VL 46 IS 2 BP 143 EP 156 PG 14 WC Gerontology; Psychology, Developmental SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychology GA ZJ049 UT WOS:000073174400004 PM 9572353 ER PT J AU Shukitt-Hale, B Banderet, LE Lieberman, HR AF Shukitt-Hale, B Banderet, LE Lieberman, HR TI Elevation-dependent symptom, mood, and performance changes produced by exposure to hypobaric hypoxia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MOUNTAIN-SICKNESS; TERRESTRIAL ALTITUDE; METERS; STATES AB Altitude exposures above 3,000 m produce changes in symptoms, moods, and cognitive/motor performance of unacclimatized individuals and should produce graded effects on these parameters as elevation and duration are increased. This study examined effects on these parameters as a function of altitude level and duration of exposure by administering standardized tests from 1 to 3 times to 23 males in an altitude chamber during 4.5-hour exposures to 3 levels of hypobaric hypoxia: 500 m, 4,200 m, and 4,700 m. Exposure to altitude significantly affected symptoms, moods, and performance in an elevation-dependent fashion. Adverse changes increased with higher altitudes (all measures were affected at 4,700 m, whereas only some were at 4,200 m) and usually with longer durations. Therefore, specific aspects of symptoms, moods, and performance are significantly degraded after only a few hours of exposure to hypobaric hypoxia, and the severity of the effects dramatically increases when testing is conducted at 4,700 m compared to 4,200 m. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr & Biochem Div, Mil Performance & Neurosci Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Lieberman, HR (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr & Biochem Div, Mil Performance & Neurosci Div, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 28 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 1998 VL 8 IS 4 BP 319 EP 334 DI 10.1207/s15327108ijap0804_1 PG 16 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 124HN UT WOS:000076176500001 PM 11542275 ER PT J AU Holland, JP Berger, RC Schmidt, JH AF Holland, JP Berger, RC Schmidt, JH TI Finite element analyses in surface water and groundwater: An overview of investigations at the US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd US/Japan Symposium on Finite Element Methods in Large-Scale Computational Fluid Dynamics CY APR 01-03, 1996 CL UNIV MINNESOTA, ARMY HIGH PERFORMANCE COMP RES CTR, MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Univ Minnesota, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Univ Minnesota, Supercomp Inst HO UNIV MINNESOTA, ARMY HIGH PERFORMANCE COMP RES CTR DE surface water; ground water; hydrodynamics; environmental transport; numerical methods ID POSTERIORI ERROR ESTIMATORS; 2ND-ORDER ELLIPTIC-SYSTEMS; REFINEMENT; MODEL AB This paper highlights the finite element hydrodynamic and transport modeling developments being conducted by the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) and its partnering organizations. The WES developments in support of surface water, groundwater, and watershed management are presented. A particular facet of these developments, the creation of integrated, comprehensive modeling systems which greatly increase the productive use of WES hydroenvironmental models, is discussed. Future development directions, including the use of scalable high performance computing resources, are also provided. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Holland, JP (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1061-8562 J9 INT J COMPUT FLUID D JI Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. PY 1998 VL 9 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 237 EP 247 DI 10.1080/10618569808940856 PG 11 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA ZY527 UT WOS:000074630900006 ER PT J AU Wright, TW AF Wright, TW TI A note on frictional release in microcracks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Letter AB This note examines the behavior of microcracks in ceramics with inhomogeneous friction on the crack faces and with dynamic loading. Since sound speeds in ceramics are very high (about 10 microns per nanosecond), cracks of the size envisioned (something like 1 to 10 microns in length) are fully enveloped by a wave in times of the order of a nanosecond or less, and therefore, should be considered as responding more or less statically, even in the presence of shock waves where rise times may only be several nanoseconds. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Wright, TW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PY 1998 VL 91 IS 3 BP L37 EP L42 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 186GR UT WOS:000079721000007 ER PT J AU Rajendran, AM Grove, DJ AF Rajendran, AM Grove, DJ TI Modeling of inelastic strains in ceramics under shock and impact loading SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Letter AB Microscopic investigations indicate that the various forms of inelastic strain in brittle ceramics are caused by dislocations and twins, microcracking, and pore collapse. This paper investigates the need for "plastic", "pore collapse", and "microcracking" descriptions in ceramic models for accurate description of the ceramic response to shock loading. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Rajendran, AM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RI Rajendran, Arunachalam/A-1615-2010 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PY 1998 VL 88 IS 3 BP L57 EP L62 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 129BY UT WOS:000076444400009 ER PT J AU Phillips, PJ Vardi, Y Dunn, SM Buchsbaum, MS Spiegel-Cohen, JL AF Phillips, PJ Vardi, Y Dunn, SM Buchsbaum, MS Spiegel-Cohen, JL TI Automatic MR-PET registration algorithm SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMAGES; CT AB We present an algorithm to automatically register magnetic resonance (MR) and positron emission tomographic (PET) images of the human brain. Our algorithm takes an integrated approach: we simultaneously segment the brain in both modalities and register the slices. The algorithm does not attempt to remove the skull from the MR image, but rather uses "templates" constructed from PET images to locate the boundary between the brain and the surrounding tissue in the MR images. The PET templates are a sequence of estimates of the boundary of the brain in the PET images. For each of the templates, the registration algorithm aligns the MR and PET images by minimizing an energy function. The energy function is designed to implicitly model the relevant anatomical structure in the MR image. The template with the lowest energy after registration is the PET brain boundary. The alignment of this template in the MR image marks the MR brain boundary and gives the transformation between the two images. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE SE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Stat, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Neurosci PET Lab, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Phillips, PJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE SE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0899-9457 J9 INT J IMAG SYST TECH JI Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol. PY 1998 VL 9 IS 1 BP 46 EP 50 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1098(1998)9:1<46::AID-IMA6>3.0.CO;2-R PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA YQ348 UT WOS:000071376300006 ER PT J AU Wright, TW AF Wright, TW TI Axial plastic waves in a rod SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article AB Equations are presented to describe nonlinear plastic wave propagation in a rod with the effects of radial inertia and radial shear included. Intrinsic constitutive equations are postulated for plastic deformation, and some of the principal aspects of wave propagation are described. In particular, a scaling argument is used to extract the nonlinear bar speed, which carries the principal pulse of energy, rather than the two characteristic speeds. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Wright, TW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 1998 VL 14 IS 1-3 BP 25 EP 42 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(97)00038-7 PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA ZN021 UT WOS:000073599900002 ER PT J AU Ahzi, S Schoenfeld, SE AF Ahzi, S Schoenfeld, SE TI Mechanics of porous polycrystals: A fully anisotropic flow potential SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Deformation and Failure Modes in Multiphase Materials CY NOV, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA DE crystal plasticity ID VISCOPLASTICITY; CRITERIA; METALS AB A model for the elastic-viscoplastic behavior of a polycrystal material containing a dilute number of voids is proposed. The model couples crystal plasticity with a macroscopic description for porosity via the modification of a matrix Bow potential to account for the presence of voids. This modification is similar to those used with phenomenological models that preserve macroscopic homogeneity and account for the voids through their volume fraction only. However, unlike the Gurson-type models, our matrix Bow potential is fully anisotropic. It is derived by averaging the viscoplastic behavior of constituent single crystals deforming by crystallographic slip. The Bow potential is defined in an intermediate configuration that is obtained by elastic unloading without rotation. The developed macroscopic anisotropic Bow potential requires numerical solutions but has the advantage of accounting for coupled texture evolution and porosity effects. This paper presents a theoretical framework for the proposed approach. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,TD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Ahzi, S (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 1998 VL 14 IS 8 BP 829 EP 839 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(98)00025-4 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 124UT UT WOS:000076201400011 ER PT J AU Brown, BA Thach, AB Song, JC Marx, JL Kwun, RC Frambach, DA AF Brown, BA Thach, AB Song, JC Marx, JL Kwun, RC Frambach, DA TI Retinopathy of prematurity: evaluation of risk factors SO INTERNATIONAL OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multiple gestation; retinopathy of prematurity; risk factors; ROP; twins ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; RETROLENTAL FIBROPLASIA; SINGLETON; MULTIPLE AB Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine what risk factors play a role in the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Study design: Data were collected on 157 infants born and cared for in one institution between January 1991 and July 1994. Initially we evaluated all children enrolled in the study to determine potential risk factors for the development of ROP. We subsequently compared multiple variables for ROP positive singletons with ROP positive twins to determine ROP risk factors for each group and to determine if one group was more susceptible to a given risk factor. Results: Of the 157 infants examined, 72 infants (46%) developed ROP. Infants who developed ROP had a lower gestational age, a lower birth weight, a higher number of days on oxygen/ventilator. more days in the intensive care unit (ICU), a greater need for steroids and a higher incidence of sepsis when compared to infants who did not develop ROP. There was no significant difference noted between singleton and twin gestation infants that developed ROP when comparing gestational age, weight, ventilator time or length of ICU stay. Total number of days on oxygen therapy was higher in the singleton group and this difference did reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Several risk factors are associated with a higher incidence of ROP. These variables may not be independent risk factors but may be a sign of the increased severity of illness associated with those infants who are born earlier with a lower birth weight. Multiple gestational births do not appear to increase the risk of developing ROP when compared to a similar group of singleton birth infants. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ So Calif, Sch Med, Doheny Eye Inst, Dept Ophthalmol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. RP Brown, BA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5701 J9 INT OPHTHALMOL JI Int. Ophthalmol. PY 1998 VL 22 IS 5 BP 279 EP 283 DI 10.1023/A:1006326008909 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 306WY UT WOS:000086622700005 PM 10826544 ER PT J AU Kennedy, RH Hains, JJ AF Kennedy, RH Hains, JJ TI The influence of physical and chemical structure on trophic responses in West Point Reservoir, USA SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF HYDROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Reservoir Limnology and Water Quality CY AUG 11-15, 1997 CL CESKE BUDEJOVICE, CZECH REPUBLIC DE reservoir; eutrophication; trophic state index; spatial heterogeneity; water duality; management ID STATE INDEX; LAKE AB Spatial differences in physical and chemical characteristics influence trophic responses in reservoirs and have significant implications for management. West Point Reservoir is an hydroelectric impoundment on the Chattahoochee River downstream from the City of Atlanta in west central Georgia, USA. Marked spatial patterns in limnological characteristics and trophic responses were related to loading and hydrodynamics. Regions influenced by turbid river inflows were well supplied with nutrients but exhibited low algal biomass, while lake-like regions exhibited moderate to high algal biomass. Assessment of deviations in Trophic States Index values allowed identification of lake regions exhibiting similar characteristics, and provided a framework for discussing management requirements and opportunities. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kennedy, RH (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-2944 J9 INT REV HYDROBIOL JI Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. PY 1998 VL 83 SI SI BP 147 EP 154 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 167TW UT WOS:000078647300017 ER PT S AU Watkins, WR AF Watkins, WR BE Zhou, J Jain, AK Zhang, T Zhu, Y Ding, M Liu, J TI Multispectral image processing: The nature factor SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MULTISPECTRAL IMAGE PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Multispectral Image Processing and Pattern Recognition CY OCT 21-23, 1998 CL WUHAN, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Univ Bordeaux 3, Natl Univ Def Technol, Wuhan Tech Univ Surveying & Mapping DE image processing; human vision; depth perception AB The images processed by our brain represent our window into the world. For some animals this, window is derived from a single eye, for others, including humans, two eyes provide stereo imagery, for others like the black widow spider several eyes are used (8 eyes), and some insects like the common housefly utilize thousands of eyes (ommatidia). Still other animals like the bat and dolphin have eyes for regular vision, but employ acoustic sonar vision for seeing where their regular eyes don't work such as in pitch black caves or turbid water. Of course, other animals have adapted to dark environments by bringing along their own lighting such as the firefly and several creatures from the depths of the ocean floor, Animal vision is truly varied and has developed over millennia in many remarkable ways. We have learned a lot about: vision processes by studying these animal systems and can still learn even more. C1 USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. RP Watkins, WR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3006-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3545 BP 4 EP 7 DI 10.1117/12.323667 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BL92Y UT WOS:000077172800002 ER PT B AU Tidrow, MZ Kennerly, SW Jiang, XD Chiang, JC Li, SS Ryzhii, V AF Tidrow, MZ Kennerly, SW Jiang, XD Chiang, JC Li, SS Ryzhii, V BE Li, SS Su, YK TI Intersubband transitions of normal incidence n-type direct band gap quantum well structures SO INTERSUBBAND TRANSITIONS IN QUANTUM WELLS: PHYSICS AND DEVICES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Intersubband Transitions in Quantum Wells - Physics and Applications CY DEC 15-18, 1997 CL NATL CHENG KUNG UNIV, TAINAN, TAIWAN SP Natl Sci Council & Minist Educ, Off Naval Res-Asia, US Army Res Off-Far E HO NATL CHENG KUNG UNIV ID INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS; ABSORPTION; DETECTOR AB Intersubband transitions using normal incidence in the conduction band of a direct gap semiconductor quantum well structure is very unconventional, yet very useful in quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs). On the other hand, normal incidence absorption is allowed in both p-type QWIPs and indirect bandgap n-QWIPs. However, the low electron effective mass and high electron mobility in the Gamma valley of the conduction band made n-type QWIPs more desirable for the infrared detection considering the sensitivity and speed. Normal incidence n-type QWIPs without grating are especially attractive and important for large format focal plane array applications. In this paper, experimental results of n-type QWIPs with InGaAs/AlGaAs and GaAs/AlGaAs structures are given which show obvious evidence of intersubband transition under normal incidence condition. The cause of this phenomenon can be either from the sample processing and testing conditions in which the normal incidence light has been directed to the inplane direction, or due to intrinsic normal incidence absorption. Three QWIP samples with different device structures, processing procedures, and experimental conditions are examined to study the effects of the mesa edge, the substrate edge, and the metal-semiconductor interface diffusion. Theoretical models are also examined to understand the intrinsic mechanisms of normal incidence absorption. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tidrow, MZ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 0-7923-8164-5 PY 1998 BP 68 EP 75 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BN28B UT WOS:000081415100010 ER PT B AU Choi, KK Chen, CJ Chang, WH Tsui, DC AF Choi, KK Chen, CJ Chang, WH Tsui, DC BE Li, SS Su, YK TI Corrugated quantum well infrared photodetectors and transistors SO INTERSUBBAND TRANSITIONS IN QUANTUM WELLS: PHYSICS AND DEVICES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Intersubband Transitions in Quantum Wells - Physics and Applications CY DEC 15-18, 1997 CL NATL CHENG KUNG UNIV, TAINAN, TAIWAN SP Natl Sci Council & Minist Educ, Off Naval Res-Asia, US Army Res Off-Far E HO NATL CHENG KUNG UNIV DE infrared detector; optical coupling; quantum wells; focal plane array ID FOCAL-PLANE ARRAY; PERFORMANCE AB Corrugated quantum well infrared photodetectors (C-QWIPs) use total internal reflection to couple normal incident light into the detectors. In this work, we show that the corrugated light-coupling scheme is independent of both the detection wavelength and the pixel size. Compared with 45 degrees edge coupling, a C-QWIP increases the background photocurrent to dark current ratio ri by a factor between 2.4 and 4.4, thereby increasing the background-limited temperature by 3 to 5 K. The detectivity D* is increased by a factor of 2.4. We applied the C-QWIP to two-color detection and obtained precision thermometric measurements. We have also fabricated and characterized a 256 x 256 C-QWIP array and obtained a NE Delta T of 17 mK at 63 K for 11.2 mu m cutoff, if the readout noise is excluded. Furthermore, we have shown that ri can be further increased by fabrication of the C-QWIP into the corrugated hot-electron transistor structure. The enhanced performance of the corrugated structure, combined with its simple processing steps, greatly improves the QWIP technology. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Choi, KK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 0-7923-8164-5 PY 1998 BP 116 EP 121 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BN28B UT WOS:000081415100017 ER PT J AU Burris, HA Raymond, E Awada, A Kuhn, JG O'Rourke, TJ Brentzel, J Lynch, W King, SYP Brown, TD Von Hoff, DD AF Burris, HA Raymond, E Awada, A Kuhn, JG O'Rourke, TJ Brentzel, J Lynch, W King, SYP Brown, TD Von Hoff, DD TI Pharmacokinetic and phase I studies of brequinar (DUP 785; NSC 368390) in combination with cisplatin in patients with advanced malignancies SO INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUGS LA English DT Article DE phase I; brequinar; DUP 785; cisplatin; pharmacokinetics ID PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS; ACID SODIUM-SALT; DUP-785 NSC-368390; CANCER; TRIAL; INHIBITION; 5-FLUOROURACIL; DEHYDROGENASE; MODULATION; SCHEDULE AB Brequinar (DUP 785; NSC 368390) is a quinoline carboxylic acid derivative that inhibits pyrimidine synthesis at the level of dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase and revealed synergy with cisplatin in preclinical models. In this study investigating the pharmacokinetic and toxicity of brequinar in combination with cisplatin, patients were initially treated with weekly brequinar, in combination with an every-three week administration of cisplatin. Due to toxicity, the schedule was modified to a 28-day cycle with brequinar given on days 1, 8, 15, and cisplatin on day 1. A total of 24 patients (16 male, 8 female; median age 57; median performance status 1) received 69 courses of therapy. Six dose levels were explored, with cisplatin/brequinar doses, respectively, of 50/500, 50/650, 50/860, 60/860, 75/650, and 75/860 mg/m(2). The serum concentration versus time curves for brequinar were biphasic. A comparison of the pharmacokinetic results after the first and third doses of brequinar indicate that the presence of 50, 60, and 75 mg/m(2)cisplatin did not change the protein binding and the pharmacokinetics of brequinar in any of the three brequinar-dose groups. Total cisplatin plasma pharmacokinetic followed a triphasic-shape curve and unbound cisplatin decayed at a very rapid rate. Since pharmacokinetic parameters for total cisplatin in this study were similar to those reported in the literature, the presence of brequinar is unlikely to alter the pharmacokinetics of cisplatin. Main dose-limiting toxicities included myelosuppression (including neutropenia and thrombocytopenia) and mucositis. Cisplatin/brequinar doses of 50/500, 50/650, 50/860, 60/860, 75/650, and 75/860 mg/m2, were associated with dose limiting toxicity in 0/3, 1/3, 1/3, 1/3, 2/4, 2/5, and 4/6 patients, respectively. This study shows that co-administration of brequinar and cisplatin does not affect the pharmacokinetic properties of either drug and that the MTDs of cisplatin/brequinar combinations are 60/860 mg/m2 or 75/650 mg/m(2). From this study, we conclude that full dose of 75 mg/m(2) cisplatin (day 1) can be administered with 650 mg/m(2) brequinar (days 1, 8 and 15) without significant modifications of individual drug pharmacokinetic parameters. C1 Canc Therapy & Res Ctr S Texas, Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Inst Jules Bordet, Unite Chimiotherapie, Med Serv, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. Dupont Merck Pharmaceut Co, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. Dupont Merck Pharmaceut Co, Stine Haskell Res Ctr, Newark, DE USA. Inst Gustave Roussy, Dept Med, F-97805 Villejuif, France. RP Raymond, E (reprint author), Canc Therapy & Res Ctr S Texas, Inst Drug Dev, 14960 Omicron Dr, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6997 J9 INVEST NEW DRUG JI Invest. New Drugs PY 1998 VL 16 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 PG 9 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 114AM UT WOS:000075587000003 PM 9740540 ER PT J AU Peacock, NW Burris, HA Dieras, V Smith, L Rodriguez, GI Eckardt, JR Jones, SF Hardy, J Hohneker, J Bigley, J Von Hoff, DD AF Peacock, NW Burris, HA Dieras, V Smith, L Rodriguez, GI Eckardt, JR Jones, SF Hardy, J Hohneker, J Bigley, J Von Hoff, DD TI A phase I trial of vinorelbine in combination with mitoxantrone in patients with refractory solid tumors SO INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUGS LA English DT Article DE vinorelbine; vinca-alkaloids; mitoxantrone; anthracenedione-derivative; phase I; combination therapy ID ADVANCED BREAST-CANCER; INTRAVENOUS VINORELBINE; NAVELBINE; CHEMOTHERAPY AB Vinorelbine (Navelbine(R)) is a unique semi-synthetic vinca-alkaloid with a favorable safety profile that has demonstrated significant antitumor activity in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, advanced breast cancer, advanced ovarian cancer and Hodgkin's disease. The most common dose-limiting toxicity is neutropenia, while other reported toxicities are minimal. Mitoxantrone (Novantrone(R)) is an anthracene derivative that has demonstrated antitumor activity in patients with breast cancer, ovarian cancer, acute leukemia, and lymphoma. Mitoxantrone also has a very favorable toxicity profile with significantly less nausea and vomiting, alopecia, and stomatitis as compared with anthracyclines. The dose-limiting toxicity for mitoxantrone is leukopenia. The study was designed to determine the safety and maximally tolerated dose of IV vinorelbine used in combination with a fixed dose of mitoxantrone for the treatment of patients with refractory solid tumors. Vinorelbine was administered on days 1 and 8 of the treatment regimen as a short IV infusion. The starting dose was 15 mg/m(2). Mitoxantrone was administered as a 20-min infusion on day 1 only at a fixed dose of 10 mg/m(2) Seventeen patients with solid malignancies were entered in the study. For personal reasons, one patient decided to discontinue the treatment after day 1 of cycle 1. Therefore, 16 patients were evaluable for toxicity. The main toxicity was myelosuppression which was dose-limiting and resulted in dose reductions and delays. The use of G-CSF had a minimal overall impact on this regimen. Stable disease was observed in three cases. In patients previously treated with chemotherapy, the maximally tolerated dose was defined as vinorelbine 20 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 and mitoxantrone 10 mg/m(2) on day 1 without growth factor support. These doses can be recommended for phase II study of the regimen as salvage treatment. C1 Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Inst Curie, Paris, France. Glaxo Wellcome Co, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Von Hoff, DD (reprint author), Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, 14960 Omicron Dr, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6997 J9 INVEST NEW DRUG JI Invest. New Drugs PY 1998 VL 16 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1023/A:1016075126007 PG 7 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 114AM UT WOS:000075587000005 PM 9740542 ER PT S AU Soicher, H Gorman, F Tsedilina, EE Weitsman, OV AF Soicher, H Gorman, F Tsedilina, EE Weitsman, OV BE Rawer, K Bradley, PA TI Regularities of broadening and scattering of F and E traces on midlatitude ionograms (F and E spread) SO IRI 1997 SYMPOSIUM: NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN IONOSPHERIC MODELLING AN D PREDICTION SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IRI Symposium on New Developments in Ionospheric Modelling and Prediction CY MAY 27-30, 1997 CL KUHLUNGSBORN, GERMANY SP Comm Space Res AB The state of F and E traces on the color digital ionograms obtained at the digisonde station Roquetes (Spain) in 1990/1991, is considered, and their classification is provided. Average probabilities of the occurrences of F spread and E spread are presented. The relation of indices of scattering of traces to magnetic activity (indices Kp, Ap and Dst) and to terminator passes is considered. It is shown that the terminator has profound impact on the state of F and E traces, so on the state of the ionospheric plasma especially in morning hours. Relationship with magnetic activity,is complicate. Spread always follows strong magnetic storms with Dst < -100 and Kp much greater than 3. However, spread is also observed during quiet periods with Dst > -30 and Kp < 3. Spread is usually stronger and appears more often on E than on F traces. (C) 1998 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. Tel Aviv Univ, RAMOT, IL-61392 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Soicher, H (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-043470-3 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1998 VL 22 IS 6 BP 855 EP 858 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(98)00112-4 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL85H UT WOS:000076930000023 ER PT B AU Grendahl, SM Pepi, MS AF Grendahl, SM Pepi, MS GP ASM INT ASM INT TI Metallurgical examination of a galled PH 13-8 Mo stainless steel Main Rotor Sub-assembly SO ISTFA '98: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM FOR TESTING AND FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis (ISTFA 98) CY NOV 15-19, 1998 CL DALLAS, TX SP ISTFA, ASM Int C1 USA, Mat Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Grendahl, SM (reprint author), USA, Mat Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-669-5 PY 1998 BP 99 EP 108 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BM49T UT WOS:000078897400014 ER PT B AU Pepi, MS Grendahl, SM AF Pepi, MS Grendahl, SM GP ASM INT ASM INT TI Effects of prior processing on the performance of PH 13-8 Mo stainless steel SO ISTFA '98: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM FOR TESTING AND FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis (ISTFA 98) CY NOV 15-19, 1998 CL DALLAS, TX SP ISTFA, ASM Int C1 USA, Mat Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Pepi, MS (reprint author), USA, Mat Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-669-5 PY 1998 BP 109 EP 116 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BM49T UT WOS:000078897400015 ER PT B AU Shoemaker, CM Bornstein, JA AF Shoemaker, CM Bornstein, JA GP IEEE TI The Demo III UGV program: A testbed for autonomous navigation research SO JOINT CONFERENCE ON THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on the Science and Technology of Intelligent Systems ISIC/CIRA/ISAS CY SEP 14-17, 1998 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP IEEE, Control Syst Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Army Res Off HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE robotics; unmanned ground vehicles; mobile robots; autonomous mobility; perception AB DoD's Demo III research program has entered its second year. DoD is examining technologies developed and evaluated within Demo III as one of a number of approaches which might be used in the future to reduce hazards to our military forces while enabling them to more rapidly deploy to distant locations and operate with reduced logistics. The core of Demo III is the sensor, computing architecture and computing hardware-software development which are prerequisites for autonomous vehicle perception of and maneuver in the land combat environment. This effort integrates leading edge military concepts with advanced technology development and integration. The program provides a unique opportunity to evaluate a group of technically and conceptually interdependent initiatives through an iterative series of constructive wargames, virtual simulations and field exercises with troops. This technology development style shares many features with simulation based design and the spiral development model, particularly the exceptionally early involvement of the customer (in this instance the military user) in the entire endeavor. During the first year of the program the technology team responsible for simulation and modeling, terrain-obstacle sensing, and perception, computing, communication, navigation, mission package selection and safety/field exercise support was organized, initial data collection and evaluation of early sensor/algorithm candidates for obstacle detection were completed and an overall system control architecture (4D-RCS) consistent with multivehicle maneuver and intelligent behaviors was developed. Demo III's technology integration contract for four Experimental Unmanned Vehicles was competitively awarded in January 98. The integration effort will provide the infrastructure required to have troops interact with the technologies through three successive development/experimentation cycles. The second year of the program will see field evaluations of subsystem technologies, completion of preliminary and critical design reviews, and an initial troop field exercise. At its conclusion in the summer of 2001 Demo III will enable troop experimentation with small, highly agile, unmanned vehicles capable of off-road, semi-autonomous operation at speeds of up to 32 km/hr during daylight and 16 km/hr at night. These capabilities will be integrated with navigation, mission planning and target acquisition technologies which will enable a meaningful assessment of the promise of autonomous robotic ground vehicles early in the next century. Many of the Demo III initiatives will benefit from and/or provide technology transfer to other defense and civil sector robotic vehicle development programs. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Shoemaker, CM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4423-5 PY 1998 BP 644 EP 651 DI 10.1109/ISIC.1998.713784 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BL60A UT WOS:000075973800115 ER PT J AU Katial, RK Buchmeier, A Bucher-Bartelson, B Nelson, HS AF Katial, RK Buchmeier, A Bucher-Bartelson, B Nelson, HS TI Comparison of three commercial ultrasonic nebulizers. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 1 MA 56 BP S13 EP S13 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA YW339 UT WOS:000071924800057 ER PT J AU Kosisky, SE Squire, EN AF Kosisky, SE Squire, EN TI Predominant mold aeroallergens in Washington, DC: A five year survey (Jan 1992 Dec 1996). SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 1 MA 539 BP S130 EP S130 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA YW339 UT WOS:000071924800539 ER PT J AU Nelson, MR Carregal, VA Engler, RJM AF Nelson, MR Carregal, VA Engler, RJM TI Recurrent aseptic meningitis complicating replacement dosage intravenous immunoglobulin therapy: Relief with subcutaneous infusion. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 1 MA 316 BP S75 EP S75 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA YW339 UT WOS:000071924800317 ER PT J AU Parker, JW Garramone, SM Smith, LJ O'Connell, MA Engler, RJM AF Parker, JW Garramone, SM Smith, LJ O'Connell, MA Engler, RJM TI Employer cost savings with rush hymenoptera venom immunotherapy (VIT). SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 1 MA 658 BP S159 EP S159 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA YW339 UT WOS:000071924800658 ER PT J AU O'Brien, C Young, AJ Sawka, MN AF O'Brien, C Young, AJ Sawka, MN TI Hypohydration and thermoregulation in cold air SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hypovolemia; hypertonicity; furosemide; cold-induced vasodilation ID HEAT DEBT; PLASMA; BLOOD; MEN AB This study examined the effects of hypohydration on thermoregulation during cold exposure. In addition, the independent influences of hypohydration-associated hypertonicity and hypovolemia were investigated. Nine male volunteers were monitored for 30 min at 25 degrees C, then for 120 min at 7 degrees C, under three counterbalanced conditions: euhydration (Eu), hypertonic hypohydration (HH), and isotonic hypohydration (IH). Hypohydration was achieved 12 h before cold exposure by inducing sweating (HH) or by ingestion of furosemide (IH). Body weight decrease (4.1 +/- 0.2%) caused by hypohydration was similar for HH and IH, but differences (P < 0.05) were found between HH and IH in plasma osmolality (292 +/- 1 vs. 284 +/- 1 mosmol/kgH(2)O) and plasma volume reduction (-8 +/- 2 vs. -18 +/- 3%). Heat debt (349 +/- 14 among) did not differ (P > 0.05) among trials. Mean skin temperature decreased throughout cold exposure during Eu but plateaued after 90 min during HH and IH. Forearm-finger temperature gradient tended (P = 0.06) to be greater during Eu (10.0 +/- 0.7 degrees C) than during HH or IH (8.9 +/- 0.7 degrees C). This suggests weaker vasoconstrictor tone during hypohydration than during Eu. Final mean skin temperature was higher for HH than for Eu or IH (23.5 +/- 0.3, 22.6 +/- 0.4, and 25.9 +/- 0.3 degrees C, respectively), and insulation was lower on HH than on IH (0.13 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.15 +/- 0.01 degrees C.W-1.m(-2), respectively), but not with Eu (0.14 +/- 0.01 degrees C.W-1.m(-2)). This provides some evidence that hypertonicity impairs the vasoconstrictor response to cold. Although mild hypohydration did not affect body heat balance during 2-h whole body exposure to moderate cold, hypohydration-associated hypertonicity may have subtle effects on vasoconstriction that could become important during a more severe cold exposure. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP O'Brien, C (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 84 IS 1 BP 185 EP 189 PG 5 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA YR127 UT WOS:000071461000024 PM 9451634 ER PT J AU Stuart, JA Bliese, PD AF Stuart, JA Bliese, PD TI The long-term effects of Operation Desert Storm on the psychological distress of US Army Reserve and National Guard Veterans SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; BRIEF SYMPTOM INVENTORY; VIETNAM COMBAT VETERANS; PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; LIFE STRESS; EXPOSURE; HEALTH; DIMENSIONS; TRAUMA AB This study assessed factors related to the long-term psychological health of a sample of U.S. Army National Guard and Reserve Unit veterans who served during Operation Desert Storm (ODS). In the analysis, general distress symptom measures were obtained and comparisons made from soldiers who deployed to Germany, the Persian Gulf region, and throughout the United States, with soldiers who did not deploy. Elevated symptom levels were found for veterans of the Persian Gulf that could not be explained by variance attributed to demographics, or current life stress events. Reported exposure and the degree of current concern due to petrochemical fires in Kuwait were found to be significantly related to elevated symptom measures beyond the effect of combat-zone-related stresses. These findings suggest that a subset of Persian Gulf reserve veterans continue to have elevated revels of distress that are related to oil fire exposure. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mil Psychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Stuart, JA (reprint author), 3309 Richwood Lane, Brookville, MD 20833 USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0021-9029 J9 J APPL SOC PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 28 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1998.tb01650.x PG 22 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA YW227 UT WOS:000071911200001 ER PT J AU Madsen, JD AF Madsen, JD TI Letter from the editor SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Madsen, JD (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 36 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ZX735 UT WOS:000074549400001 ER PT J AU Getsinger, KD AF Getsinger, KD TI Presidential address - Aquatic plant management: A sense of history SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Getsinger, KD (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 36 BP 2 EP 4 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ZX735 UT WOS:000074549400002 ER PT J AU Gunkel, RC Barko, JW AF Gunkel, RC Barko, JW TI An overview of the Aquatic Plant Control Research Program SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic plant management; aquatic plant ecology; biological control; chemical control; hydrilla; Eurasian watermilfoil AB The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (CE) Aquatic Plant Control Research Program (APCRP) is the Nation's only federally authorized research program directed to develop technology for the management of non-indigenous aquatic plant species. The APCRP is designed to provide effective, economical, and environmentally compatible methods for assessing and managing problem aquatic plants that interfere with the valued uses of die waterways of the United States. Research efforts are currently focused on the development of advanced management strategies and applications for the submersed aquatic plants, hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle) and Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.). The APCRP is committed to the development, transfer, and implementation of aquatic plant management technologies, and will continue to lead the Nation in the future. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Gunkel, RC (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 36 BP 23 EP 24 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ZX735 UT WOS:000074549400006 ER PT J AU Madsen, JD AF Madsen, JD TI Overview of the Ecological Assessment Technology Area SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic plant ecology; efficacy; management; ecological impacts; aquatic macrophyte ecology ID FRESH-WATER MACROPHYTES; EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL; MYRIOPHYLLUM-SPICATUM; SUBMERSED MACROPHYTES; GROWTH; LIGHT; TEMPERATURE; COMMUNITIES; HABITAT; FISH AB Research ill the Ecological Assessment Technology Area of the Aquatic Plant Control Research Program has contributed extensively to understanding the basic and applied ecology of nonnative and native aquatic plants. Continuing ecological research in this technology area strives to be relevant to aquatic plant management through a focus on the following areas; 1) improving the effectiveness of management techniques, 2) evaluating the effectiveness of management techniques, 3) evaluating the impacts of management techniques on nontarget species and environmental quality, and 4) preventing new infestations of nonnative aquatic plants. While both current and future planned research falls within these areas, specific research needs for the future have been identified in the areas of 1) developing standard aquatic plant quantification methods, 2) developing protocols for identifying die potential of new species to create nuisance problems, and 3) developing spatial databases and spatial models of plant distribution. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Madsen, JD (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 36 BP 25 EP 27 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ZX735 UT WOS:000074549400007 ER PT J AU Madsen, JD AF Madsen, JD TI Predicting invasion success of Eurasian watermilfoil SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Myriophyllum spicatum; nonindigenous aquatic plant; exotic aquatic macrophyte; colonization ID MYRIOPHYLLUM-SPICATUM L; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; MACROPHYTE; LAKE; VEGETATION; HABITAT; WATER; FISH; WISCONSIN; SEDIMENT AB A better understanding of factors related to invasion and colonization success of exotic species might improve both the planning and implementation of management fur invasions in new areas. Data from lakes containing Eurasian watermilfoil were evaluated to compare the extent of Eurasian watermilfoil dominance to common limnological parameters. The best predictors of Eurasian watermilfoil dominance were water column total phosphorus and Carlson's Trophic State Index. This analysis corroborates observations that Eurasian watermilfoil appears most abundant in mesotrophic lakes and moderately eutrophic lakes. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Madsen, JD (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 36 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 9 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 36 BP 28 EP 32 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ZX735 UT WOS:000074549400008 ER PT J AU McFarland, DG Rogers, SJ AF McFarland, DG Rogers, SJ TI The aquatic macrophyte seed bank in Lake Onalaska, Wisconsin SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic plants; Vallisneria americana; Myriophyllum spicatum; sexual reproduction; germination ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI-RIVER; FRESH-WATER MACROPHYTES; MYRIOPHYLLUM-SPICATUM L; GERMINATION; ANGIOSPERMS; VEGETATION; SEDIMENTS; HYDRILLA; GROWTH AB Submersed aquatic vegetation, dominated by Vallisneria americana Michx., declined dramatically in Lake Onalaska (Navigation Pool 7, on the Upper Mississippi River) following drought conditions in the late 1980s. Coinciding with the decline were marked increases in the abundance of phyllum spicatum L., particularly in areas vacated by A. americana. Recent evidence indicates that much of the lake has remained unvegetated, but that since 1994, beds of V. americana have made a partial recovery. While the production of vegetative propagules may largely account for increases in populations of both species, the extent to which seed production may contribute to their expansion in the lake is unknown. To assess the germination potential and distribution of the aquatic macrophyte seed bank in Lake Onalaska, sediment cores (5 cm deep) were collected from 74 sampling sites in July 1996. Seedling emergence from sediments was observed in an environmental growth chamber operated at 25 C and a 14-hr photoperiod over a period of eight weeks. Fifteen species of aquatic macrophytes germinated in sediments from 55 sites. V. americana seedlings emerged from sediments from 36 sites throughout the lake, but were most prevalent in sediments collected within or downstream (within 250 m) of established V. americana beds. Seedlings of M. spicatum emerged from only two collected sediments that had supported this species in protected areas. These findings suggest that seed production may play a greater role in the dispersal of V. americana than M. spicatum, and further emphasize basic differences in their survival strategies, particularly in flowing water systems. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP McFarland, DG (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 36 BP 33 EP 39 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ZX735 UT WOS:000074549400009 ER PT J AU Owens, CS Madsen, JD AF Owens, CS Madsen, JD TI Phenological studies of carbohydrate allocation in hydrilla SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Hydrilla verticillata; total nonstructural carbohydrates; Hydrocharitaceae; dioecious hydrilla AB Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle), a nonindigenous submersed aquatic plant, was first introduced into the United States in the 1960's. Hydrilla exhibits aggressive growth, forming dense canopies of biomass at the sur-face of the invaded aquatic systems, affecting fisheries, water quality, transportation and recreational usage. Studies of the phenological seasonal cycles of invasive plants indicate optimal riming to appl!? management techniques. Biomass and total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) allocation of dioecious hydrilla were studied in outdoor ponds in Texas between January 1994 through July 1995. Biomass increased from Ma! through September growing from overwintering shoots and root crowns, lot tubers. Tuber germination occurred in August. Tuber and turion production occurred from October through April. A carbohydrate storage minimum was observed in late July for 1994 and June for 1995, with storage generally split between stolon (7% TNC), root crown (10% TNC) and lower stem (16% TNC). Tubers and turions ranged from 58 to 68% TNC. These studies provide more insight into the timing of major allocation sl.lifts in the hydrilla seasonal growth cycle. C1 AscI Corp, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. RP Owens, CS (reprint author), AscI Corp, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, RR3,Box 446, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 36 BP 40 EP 44 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ZX735 UT WOS:000074549400010 ER PT J AU Smart, RM Dick, GO Doyle, RD AF Smart, RM Dick, GO Doyle, RD TI Techniques for establishing native aquatic plants SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic habitat; herbivory; lake restoration; plant production; plant propagation; revegetation ID ANGIOSPERMS; MACROPHYTES AB Man-made aquatic systems such as reservoirs are particularly vulnerable to infestations of weedy species because early in their existence they typically lack aquatic vegetation of any kind. Establishment of native aquatic plants in such systems could be an important deterrent to the spread of exotic weeds. This article describes a new Aquatic Plant Control Research Program (APCRP) work unit to develop methods for large-scale establishment of desirable native aquatic plants in man-made systems. The article discusses the need for work in this area. identifies the approach and research objectives, and describes early progress. An example project (Lake Conroe) is briefly described. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. Univ N Texas, Inst Appl Sci, Denton, TX 75203 USA. RP Smart, RM (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, RR 3 Box 446, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 8 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 36 BP 44 EP 49 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ZX735 UT WOS:000074549400011 ER PT J AU Cofrancesco, AF AF Cofrancesco, AF TI Overview and future direction of biological control technology SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic plants; insects; pathogens; exotic plants; classical biological control AB The Corps of Engineers (CE) biological control technology area had its beginnings in 1959 when the CE and the U. S. Department of Agriculture began a cooperative research effort. Since then, numerous insects and pathogens have been studied as potential agents for the management of target plant populations. Researchers have traveled to the countries of origin of six target plants (Eichhornia crassipes Mart. (Solms), Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., Myriophyllum spicatum L., Pistia strartiotes L., Hydrilla verticillata (L. F.) Royle, and Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T. Blake) to search for host specific agents. As a result, 13 insect biocontrol agents have been released as management tools for five of these targets. On average these projects have developed one agent every 2.9 years. The CE also has conducted pathogen biological control research using endemic pathogens. More recently the CE has begun classical biocontrol studies using exotic pathogens as potential agents of aquatic plants. Research in the near future will be directed at the management of submersed aquatic vegetation. The past successes will be used to assist in directing the program, however ne iv emphasis will be placed on the development of more effective evaluation procedures to document impact of the biological control agents. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Cofrancesco, AF (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI VICKSBURG PA PO BOX 821265, VICKSBURG, MS 39182 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 36 BP 49 EP 53 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ZX735 UT WOS:000074549400012 ER PT J AU Shearer, JF AF Shearer, JF TI Biological control of hydrilla using an endemic fungal pathogen SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Mycoleptodiscus terrestris; Hydrilla verticillata; mycoherbicide; formulation ID MACROPHOMINA-PHASEOLINA; VERTICILLATA AB Prototype formulations of the hydrilla fungal pathogen, Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Gerd.) Ostazeski, were tested for efficacy against dioecious Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle in test tube, column, and tank studies. The formulation was produced by Trans America Product Technology Inc. (St. Charles, MO) by incorporating the fungus into a patented biocarrier, Biocar 405. Initial test tube studies demonstrated that both granular and caplet formulations induced disease ratings of 3 and 4 on excised hydrilla shoot tissue at two weeks post inoculation. Low, medium, and high dosage rates of the granular formulation applied to rooted hydrilla in 12 L columns reduced shoot biomass at four weeks post application by 87.7, 94.8, and 99.2% respectively compared to untreated controls. In tank studies a granular formulation reduced shoot biomass of hydrilla grown in 1700 L tanks by 97.5% at four weeks post application. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Shearer, JF (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 36 BP 54 EP 56 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ZX735 UT WOS:000074549400013 ER PT J AU Grodowitz, MJ AF Grodowitz, MJ TI An active approach to the use of insect biological control for the management of non-native aquatic plants SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE information systems; integrated pest management; waterhyacinth; alligatorweed; hydrilla; waterlettuce ID NEOCHETINA-EICHHORNIAE; HERBICIDE APPLICATION; WATERHYACINTH; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; CRASSIPES AB Today the use of insect biological control for the management of aquatic and wetland plants is typically a rather passive procedure fr-om the viewpoint of resource managers. Insects are released, usually by researchers, with little or no direct input or effort by management personnel. However, the effectiveness of biological control could be enhanced if resource managers took an active role in its use. Four steps should be utilized in order to achieve a more active approach to the use of biological control. These include gaining an understanding of the insect agents, initiating yearly surveys to determine insect population levels and immediate and long-term impact, supplementing the insect populations if surveys reveal low numbers, and developing integrated procedures to minimize impact of the varied management techniques to one another Utilizing a more active approach increases the awareness of biological control techniques and should result in increased effectiveness. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, CEWES, ER,A, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Grodowitz, MJ (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, CEWES, ER,A, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 36 BP 57 EP 61 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ZX735 UT WOS:000074549400014 ER PT J AU Getsinger, KD AF Getsinger, KD TI Chemical control research in the corps of engineers SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic herbicides; aquatic plant management; Eurasian watermilfoil; hydrilla; nuisance exotics; species-selective control AB Research and development activities in the Corps of Engineers chemical control technology area concentrate on evaluating chemical products and developing application techniques that will improve the management of exotic and nuisance aquatic plants. Current research efforts are focusing on species-selective control of target plants, precision herbicide application techniques, and integration of control strategies with ecological principles. Studies are conducted in controlled-environment chambers, greenhouses, hydraulic flumes, outdoor mesocosms, experimental ponds, and in the field. Cooperators and partners include Federal, state and local agencies, Corps of Engineer Districts, academic institutions, and the private sector. Interactions also occur with Federal and state regulatory agencies. Proven benefits derived from this chemical control research effort include lower herbicide use rates, improved environmental compatibility and reduced application costs. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Getsinger, KD (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 36 BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ZX735 UT WOS:000074549400015 ER PT J AU Sprecher, SL Getsinger, KD Stewart, AB AF Sprecher, SL Getsinger, KD Stewart, AB TI Selective effects of aquatic herbicides on sago pondweed SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic habitat restoration; aquatic weed control; Myriophyllum spicatum; Potamogeton pectinatus ID EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL; 2,4-D CONCENTRATIONS; HYDRILLA; STREAM; GROWTH AB Three aquatic herbicides effective on the exotic weed Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.)-2,4-D ((2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid), endothall (7-oxabicycol [2.2.1] heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid) and triclopr ([(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl) oxy] acetic acid)-were evaluated in the laboratory for selective effect or efficacy on the native submersed species, sage pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus L.). For each herbicide, three concentrations in ranges associated with Eurasian watermilfoil or sage pondweed control were applied ill static exposures of 24 hr, and plants were monitored for 35 d. Endothall at 0.5, 1 and 2 mg L-1 significantly reduced final biomass, by greater than or equal to 72%, confirming that this herbicide will not maintain populations of sage pondweed where it is used to manage Eurasian watermilfoil. Application of the growth regulator-type systemic herbicides at 1, 1.5 and 2 mg L-1 resulted in no significant reduction in biomass from 2,4-D, but up to 24% reduction with triclopr. The more selective activity of these compounds towards sage pondweed supports their use for controlling Eurasian watermilfoil in plant communities where it is desirable to maintain the native species. However, in areas where sage pondweed is itself a nuisance plant, endothall gives effective chemical control. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. ASCI Corp, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Sprecher, SL (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 36 BP 64 EP 68 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ZX735 UT WOS:000074549400016 ER PT J AU Nelson, LS Shearer, JF Netherland, MD AF Nelson, LS Shearer, JF Netherland, MD TI Mesocosm evaluation of integrated fluridone fungal pathogen treatment on four submersed plants SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Hydrilla verticillata; integrated control; fungal pathogen; Mycoleptodiscus terrestris; Myriophyllum spicatum; Potamogeton nodosus; Vallisneria americana ID EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL; HYDRILLA AB An outdoor mesocosm study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and selectivity of the herbicide fluridone (1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4(1H)-pyridinone) and the fungal pathogen Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Gerd.) Ostazeski (Mt), applied alone and in combination with one another, against hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle), Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.), American pondweed (Potamogeton nodosus Poiret), and vallisneria (Vallisneria americana Michx.). Treatments included 5 mu g/L fluridone, 100 and 200 colony forming units (CFU) per mi of Mt, integrated treatments of 5 mu g/L fluridone + 100 or 200 CFU/ml Mt, and untreated controls. Treatment with either fluridone or 200 CFU/ml Mt alone was sufficient to reduce hydrilla growth by 40% 84 days after treatment (DAT); however, the combined application of Mt plus fluridone reduced biomass by 93% compared with untreated plants. Eurasian watermilfoil biomass was not affected by Mt alone and was equally inhibited with treatment of fluridone or fluridone with Mt (75% reduction at 84 DAT). Treatments did not inhibit biomass production of American pondweed or vallisneria. With the exception of American pondweed, all treatments that included fluridone significantly reduced total chlorophyll. Results show that integrating a low dose of fluridone (5 mu g/L) with Mt can effectively and selectively reduce hydrilla biomass with minimal effect to non-target plant species such as vallisneria and American pondweed, but may not improve control of Eurasian watermilfoil over fluridone alone. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Nelson, LS (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 4 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 36 BP 73 EP 77 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ZX735 UT WOS:000074549400018 ER PT J AU Madsen, JD Grodowitz, MJ Stewart, RM Whitaker, S Jeffers, L AF Madsen, JD Grodowitz, MJ Stewart, RM Whitaker, S Jeffers, L TI Computer tools developed for aquatic plant management SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic plant management; information systems; technology transfer tools; simulation models; expert systems AB Over the past fifteen years, the Aquatic Plant Control Research Program (APCRP) has pursued development of personal computer (PC) -based information systems for technology transfer in aquatic plant management. Initial development was limited to DOS compatible simulation models and other computational tools. Though effective in generating computational information for several control techniques, the DOS operating system did not allow the models to be interlinked with other information sources required for development of effective aquatic plant management technology transfer tools. However, the advent of the WINDOWS operating system and ensuing software advances for PC's have allowed the recent development of more comprehensive information systems. Of these, the Aquatic Plant Information System (APIS) is the first system scheduled for release for the APCRP. In addition to the simulation models developed in the past (i.e., HARVEST, AMUR/STOCK, and HERBICIDE), the system will include both aquatic plant and biological control identification strategies based on expert system programming, instructional information on a diversity of aquatic plant management topics, and other utilities all accessible through an online HELP supported graphical user interface. The system will be distributed on CD-ROM. Additional DOS-based models not converted to a WINDOWS-compatible format (INSECT, HYDRIL, and MILFO) will be also be included for direct installation from the CD-ROM. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Dyntel Corp, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Madsen, JD (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 36 BP 78 EP 82 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ZX735 UT WOS:000074549400019 ER PT J AU Killgore, KJ Kirk, JP Foltz, JW AF Killgore, KJ Kirk, JP Foltz, JW TI Response of littoral fishes in upper Lake Marion, South Carolina following hydrilla control by triploid grass carp SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE plant coverage; electroshocking; largemouth bass; multi-year ID VEGETATION; ABUNDANCE; SIZE AB A seven-year study in upper Lake Marion, South Carolina evaluated the response of fishes to hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle) removal by triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Valenciennes). A boat-mounted electroshocker was used to quantify relative abundance and species composition of fishes at 10 permanent locations distributed throughout the upper lake. A total of 16,306 fish representing 64 species were collected. The taxonomically dominant family was Centrarchidae and the numerically dominant family was Clupeidae. There were significant differences in catch between years with high and low hydrilla coverage. Littoral fishes, especially Centrarchidae, increased as hydrilla decreased from a maximum of 4,700 ha (approximately 50% of the surface area) to less than 100 ha by 1994. Mean lengths of most littoral species were similar during the study Despite substantial declines in hydrilla, other forms of cover persisted during the study providing an intermediate level of structural complexity. Consequently grass carp effectively controlled hydrilla but did not create any detectable negative effects on the littoral fish assemblage during the study. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Aquaculture Fisheries & Wildlife, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Killgore, KJ (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 36 BP 82 EP 87 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ZX735 UT WOS:000074549400020 ER PT J AU Dudley, SJ Bonham, CD Abt, SR Fischenich, JC AF Dudley, SJ Bonham, CD Abt, SR Fischenich, JC TI Comparison of methods for measuring woody riparian vegetation density SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE point frame; vegetation density; vegetation measurement ID FLOW AB Flow resistance caused by vegetative drag depends on vegetation density (Veg(d)), the area of vegetation projected onto a plane perpendicular to the flow direction per unit volume of flow. However, research concerning the accuracy and efficiency of field measurement of Veg, for hydraulic investigations is limited. Measurements were conducted at two willow stands with different Veg, using the horizontal point frame (HPF), board, and camera methods. Results obtained with the HPF method were considered accurate and used as a standard with which to compare the performance of the board and camera methods. It was concluded that the board method: (I) was the most rapid of the three; (2) tends to underestimate Veg(d); and (3) performed better in sparse willows than dense willows. The camera method: (1) required less time than the HPF; (2) tends to underestimate Veg(d); and (3) performed better in dense willows than sparse willows. (C) 1998 Academic Press Limited. C1 Lewis Berger & Associates Inc, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Dudley, SJ (reprint author), Lewis Berger & Associates Inc, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1006/jare.1997.0314 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YX493 UT WOS:000072045600006 ER PT J AU Brimfield, AA Zweig, LM Novak, MJ Maxwell, DM AF Brimfield, A. A. Zweig, L. M. Novak, M. J. Maxwell, D. M. TI In Vitro Oxidation of the Hydrolysis Product of Sulfur Mustard, 2,2 '-Thiobis-ethanol, by Mammalian Alcohol Dehydrogenase SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oxidative Metabolism; Skin; Thiodiglycol; 2,2 '-Thiobis-ethanol; Sulfur Mustard; Alcohol Dehydrogenase AB The mechanism of vesication from sulfur mustard remains unknown in spite of 80 years of investigation. We recently reported sulfur mustard-related inhibition of one or more protein (serine/threonine) phosphatases in tissue cytosol in vitro, suggesting a mechanism common to other vesicants such as cantharidin and Lewisite. Our investigation showed that this inhibition was related to the concentration of 2,2'-thiobis-ethanol (thiodiglycol), the hydrolysis product of sulfur mustard, rather than to the concentration of mustard itself. Related work showed an increase in the rate of NAD (but not NADP) reduction upon the addition of thiodiglycol to mouse liver cytosol. This result provided evidence that metabolism beyond thiodiglycol may be contributing to protein phosphatase inhibition. This observation indicated that metabolism involving one or more dehydrogenases may be necessary to produce the ultimate inhibitor of the protein phosphatases. We report here that thiodiglycol is a substrate for horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (K-m = 3.68 +/- 0.45 mM and V-max = 0.22 +/- 0.01 mu mol min(-1) mg protein(-1)) and for pyridine nucleotide-linked enzymes in mouse liver and human skin cytosol. The alcohol dehydrogenase-specific inhibitor 4-methylpyrazole inhibited the oxidation of thiodiglycol by the pure horse liver enzyme as well as by the enzymes in human skin and mouse liver cytosol, indicating that the activity in the tissue preparations is also alcohol dehydrogenase. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 12: 361-369, 1998 C1 [Brimfield, A. A.; Zweig, L. M.; Novak, M. J.; Maxwell, D. M.] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Biochem Pharmacol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Brimfield, AA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Biochem Pharmacol Branch, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1095-6670 J9 J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC JI J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. PY 1998 VL 12 IS 6 BP 361 EP 369 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA V27WC UT WOS:000208642300006 PM 9736485 ER PT J AU Vaughn, DW Nisalak, A Kalayanarooj, S Solomon, T Dung, NM Cuzzubbo, A Devine, PL AF Vaughn, DW Nisalak, A Kalayanarooj, S Solomon, T Dung, NM Cuzzubbo, A Devine, PL TI Evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of dengue virus infection SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; CAPTURE ELISA; MOSQUITOS; ANTIGEN AB A rapid (<7-min) immunochromatographic test for immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies to dengue viruses was evaluated by using hospital admission and discharge sera from 124 patients, The reference laboratory diagnosis was based on the results of virus isolation, hemagglutination-inhibition assay (HAI), and enzyme immunoassay (EIA), By the standard assays, patients experienced primary dengue virus infection (n = 30), secondary dengue virus infection (n = 48), Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus infection (n = 20), or no flavivirus infection (n = 26), The rapid test demonstrated 100% sensitivity in the diagnosis of dengue virus infection and was able to distinguish between primary and secondary dengue virus infections through the separate determinations of IgM and IgG, For all patients with primary dengue virus infection a positive test for IgM to dengue virus and a negative test for IgG to dengue virus were obtained, whereas for 46 of 48 patients (96%) with secondary dengue virus infection, a positive test for IgG to dengue virus with or without a positive test for IgM to dengue virus was obtained, The remaining two patients with secondary dengue virus infection had positive IgM test results and negative IgG test results. Furthermore, the rapid test was positive for patients confirmed to be infected,vith different dengue virus serotypes (12 infected with dengue virus serotype 1, 4 infected with dengue virus serotype 2, 3 infected with dengue virus serotype 3, and 2 infected,vith dengue virus serotype 4), The specificity of the test for nonflavivirus infections was 88% (3 of 26 positive), while for JE virus infections the specificity of the test was only 50% (10 of 20), However, most patients with secondary dengue virus infection were positive for both IgM and IgG antibodies to dengue virus, while no patients with JE virus infection had this profile, so cross-reactivity was only a concern for a small proportion of patients with secondary dengue infections, The rapid test demonstrated a good correlation,vith the reference EIA and HAI and should be useful for the rapid diagnosis of dengue virus infections. C1 PanBio Pty Ltd, E Brisbane, Qld 4169, Australia. USA, Med Component Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, APO, AP 96546 USA. Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Cho Quan Hosp, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. RP Devine, PL (reprint author), PanBio Pty Ltd, POB 7269, E Brisbane, Qld 4169, Australia. NR 29 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 36 IS 1 BP 234 EP 238 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YM068 UT WOS:000071024700046 PM 9431954 ER PT J AU Anderson, TJ Lapp, CA Billman, MA Schuster, GS AF Anderson, TJ Lapp, CA Billman, MA Schuster, GS TI Effects of transforming growth factor-beta and platelet-derived growth factor on human gingival fibroblasts grown in serum-containing and serum-free medium SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fibroblasts; PDGF; growth factors; serum-free medium ID SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; PDGF; PROLIFERATION; PURIFICATION; INDUCTION; BINDING; FORMS AB Both transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) have been shown to affect cell proliferation in vitro, The hypothesis being rested was that the effects of the 3 cytokines would be modulated by the presence of serum in the medium, Gingival fibroblasts, obtained from periodontally healthy patients, were maintained in primary culture. Dose response experiments were performed for each growth factor in serum-free medium and in medium containing natural or heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (10% FBS), Changes in cell numbers were quantified by crystal violet staining. The optimal concentrations of the individual factors (10 ng/ml TGF-beta 1, 20 ng/ml PDGF-BB) were then used then the 2 factors were tested in various sequences, in serum-free medium or in medium with 10% natural serum, the response to PDGF-BB was dose-dependent up to 40 ng/ml however, with 10% heat-inactivated serum the maximal response was seen at 20 ng/ml, The largest increase in cell numbers was produced by the simultaneous exposure to the two cytokines, rather than a sequential presentation. The findings suggest that the 48-h growth response of human gingival fibroblasts to 10 ng/ml TGF-beta 1 or 20 ng/ml PDGF-BB in serum-free medium was equivalent to growth obtained in medium containing heat-inactivated 10% FBS without added growth factors. C1 Med Coll Georgia, Dept Oral Biol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Maritime Forces Atlantic, Dent Serv Halifax N14, Halifax, NS B3K 5X5, Canada. USA, Periodont Training Program, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP Lapp, CA (reprint author), Med Coll Georgia, Dept Oral Biol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE10391-02] NR 24 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0303-6979 J9 J CLIN PERIODONTOL JI J. Clin. Periodontol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 25 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.1111/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02363.x PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA YT606 UT WOS:000071623900008 PM 9477020 ER PT J AU Hondrum, S AF Hondrum, S TI Properties of luting agents upon water loss. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Dent Mat Lab, Ft Gordon, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1998 VL 77 SI A MA 173 BP 127 EP 127 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA YU125 UT WOS:000071684800172 ER PT J AU Poindexter, FR York, AK AF Poindexter, FR York, AK TI Satisfaction of active duty service members with military dental care. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Naval Dent Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1998 VL 77 SI A MA 548 BP 174 EP 174 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA YU125 UT WOS:000071684800550 ER PT J AU Vaughan, WM Grabenbaur, MN Holland, L Laughlin, MJ Galloway, RH AF Vaughan, WM Grabenbaur, MN Holland, L Laughlin, MJ Galloway, RH TI Treatment of osseous defects in rabbits with controlled release ketoprofen. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Dent Res Detachment, Great Lakes, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1998 VL 77 SI A MA 728 BP 196 EP 196 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA YU125 UT WOS:000071684800727 ER PT J AU Eikenberg, SL Leonard, DL Halverson, BA AF Eikenberg, SL Leonard, DL Halverson, BA TI Clinical comparison of electric motor and air turbine highspeed handpieces. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, PDIS, Dent Res Detachment, NDRI, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1998 VL 77 SI A MA 1377 BP 278 EP 278 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA YU125 UT WOS:000071684801372 ER PT J AU Tyndall, DA Benn, DK Analoui, M Vandre, R van der Stelt, P Webber, R White, S AF Tyndall, DA Benn, DK Analoui, M Vandre, R van der Stelt, P Webber, R White, S TI The digital dental office as the agent of change. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. ACTA, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1998 VL 77 SI B MA 161 BP 652 EP 652 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA ZK546 UT WOS:000073335400160 ER PT J AU Chisick, MC AF Chisick, MC TI Forecasting dental treatment workload of active duty US military personnel. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1998 VL 77 SI B MA 2663 BP 964 EP 964 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA ZK546 UT WOS:000073335402650 ER PT J AU Ahmad, F Razzaghi, M AF Ahmad, F Razzaghi, M TI On the approximation to the permittivity profile of an inhomogeneous dielectric slab SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID EQUATION AB Scattering from a time-harmonic wave normally incident upon an inhomogeneous dielectric slab is considered. Based on the use of two Riccati equations from two different modeling procedures, an approximation to the unknown permittivity profile is derived. The approximation scheme is based upon constructing the N-th degree interpolation polynomial to approximate the reflection coefficient and the permittivity profile using Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto collocation points. An example is given to demonstrate the accuracy of the developed scheme. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ahmad, F (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5071 J9 J ELECTROMAGNET WAVE JI J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. PY 1998 VL 12 IS 6 BP 713 EP 722 DI 10.1163/156939398X00971 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA ZX458 UT WOS:000074518100002 ER PT J AU Burch, HB Barnes, S Nagy, EV Sellitti, D Burman, KD Bahn, RS Lahiri, S AF Burch, HB Barnes, S Nagy, EV Sellitti, D Burman, KD Bahn, RS Lahiri, S TI Immunodetection of manganese superoxide dismutase in cultured human retroocular fibroblasts using sera directed against the thyrotropin receptor SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Thyroid Congress CY SEP 10-15, 1995 CL TORONTO, CANADA DE Graves' disease; ophthalmopathy; thyroid; autoimmunity; pathogenesis; thyrotropin receptor; retroocular fibroblast; protein ID THYROID-ASSOCIATED OPHTHALMOPATHY; GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY; EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN; TRANSGENIC MICE; ORBITAL TISSUE; PROTEIN; AUTOANTIBODIES; DISEASE; MEMBRANES; PATHOGENESIS AB The identification of antigenic targets in the retroocular autoimmune response of Graves' ophthalmopathy is likely to increase our understanding of mechanisms underlying this disorder. While a number of putative autoantigens have been identified on the basis of molecular weight or cell of origin, a determination of the significance of these antigens is contingent upon an identification of the amino acid sequence. Our group has previously identified immunoreactive retroocular fibroblast (ROF) proteins recognized by thyrotropin receptor (hTSH-R) antisera (anti-pi), at molecular weights of 95, 71, 41, and 14-25 kDa. In the present study, proteins detected by anti-pi and visualized by Ponceau staining were isolated and processed for microsequencing. Ponceau staining revealed dense bands at molecular weights of 14 and 23 kDa, and a weak band at 41 kDa. N-terminal sequencing was performed on the prominent band at approximately 23 kDa, showing it to be manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a mitochondrial enzyme responsible for protection against oxygen free radical-associated cellular damage. Sequence comparison of MnSOD to the hTSH-R peptide, pi, revealed a linear segment of amino acid homology. Preincubation of anti-pi with pi blocked immunodetection of the 23 kDa band corresponding to MnSOD, and immunoprecipitation of ROF protein using anti-pi yielded protein recognized by anti-MnSOD. Autoimmunity against human recombinant MnSOD was further assessed by ELISA. Patients with Graves' disease (n = 53) had significantly higher ELISA indices than normal control subjects (n = 29), while patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis had intermediate values. These results document MnSOD autoantibodies in patients with Graves' disease and suggest that this may result from an immune cross-reactivity between MnSOD and the TSH-receptor. (C) 1998, Editrice Kurtis. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Endocrine Metab Serv, Kyle Metab Unit, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Endocrinol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Burch, HB (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Endocrine Metab Serv, Kyle Metab Unit, Washington, DC 20307 USA. FU FIC NIH HHS [1 F05 TW04412-01] NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITRICE KURTIS S R L PI MILAN PA VIA LUIGI ZOJA 30, 20153 MILAN, ITALY SN 0391-4097 J9 J ENDOCRINOL INVEST JI J. Endocrinol. Invest. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 21 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA ZC430 UT WOS:000072577200009 PM 9633023 ER PT J AU Bhaumik, S Christodoulatos, C Brodman, BW Pal, N AF Bhaumik, S Christodoulatos, C Brodman, BW Pal, N TI Biodegradation of glycerol trinitrate by activated sludge: Cosubstrate requirements, inhibition, and kinetics SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE glycerol trinitrate; activated sludge; kinetics; biodegradation pathway ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; NITRATE ESTERS; BIOCONVERSION; METABOLISM AB Nitroglycerin or glycerol trinitrate (GTN) is an energetic and toxic substance with a wide range of military and pharmaceutical applications. Studies conducted with activated sludge showed that GTN is amenable to aerobic degradation only in the presence of a primary carbon source, such as glucose. Kinetic experiments indicated that GTN is an inhibitory substrate whose presence during biodegradation, reduces substantially the microbial yield and the apparent maximum specific growth rate coefficient of primary substrates. However, in the range of concentrations tested (50 to 200 mg/L of GTN) its inhibitory effects are reversible. The biodegradation mechanism proceeds via a set of successive denitration reactions to form isomers of glycerol dinitrate (1,2-GDN and 1,3-GDN) and glycerol mononitrate (1-GMN and 2-GMN), which are subsequently degraded. Significant regioselectivity was observed during denitration of GTN and 1,2-GDN favoring production of 1,3-GDN and 1-GMN. The rates of degradation of the metabolic products of GTN were slower at each denitration step with 2-GMN exhibiting the lowest denitration rate. Aerobic GTN degradation ceased upon exhaustion of the primary substrate. Although, cosubstrate requirements during aerobic bioconversion of GTN were relatively high, in field applications the need for addition of external carbon sources will be minimal since GTN waste streams usually contain high amounts of BOD. C1 Stevens Inst Technol, Ctr Environm Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. USA, Armaments Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Bhaumik, S (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Ctr Environm Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 1998 VL 33 IS 4 BP 547 EP 571 PG 25 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZN088 UT WOS:000073608400003 ER PT J AU Barrett, AH Briggs, J Richardson, M Reed, T AF Barrett, AH Briggs, J Richardson, M Reed, T TI Texture and storage stability of processed beefsticks as affected by glycerol and moisture levels SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beefstick; shelf stable; glycerol; plasticization ID SMOKED MEATS; INTERMEDIATE AB Ground beef-based beefsticks were produced with glycerol levels of 0, 2, and 4%, and dried to water activity levels of 0.90 and 0.85, Samples were analyzed by uniaxial compression and colorimetry after production and after 52 degrees C storage for 1, 2, 3 or 4 wk. Deformability modulus, percent recoverable work, relaxation properties, and relative lightness were calculated, Glycerol, as well as water, acted as an effective textural plasticizer, Reductions in modulus and relaxation parameters due to glycerol addition were in the range of 30-40%, Glycerol can thus effectively be used to adjust physical properties without compromising stability, Higher moisture samples were relatively more elastic, as determined by recoverable work, High temperature storage reduced modulus, solidity and percent recoverable work (20-70%) in all samples. C1 USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, SSCOM,Adv Foods Branch, Sustainabil Directorate,Rat Syst Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, SSCOM,Prod Dev Branch, Sustainabil Directorate,Rat Syst Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Barrett, AH (reprint author), USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, SSCOM,Adv Foods Branch, Sustainabil Directorate,Rat Syst Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 63 IS 1 BP 84 EP 87 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1998.tb15681.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA YZ937 UT WOS:000072310100024 ER PT J AU Hoshower, LM AF Hoshower, LM TI Forensic archeology and the need for flexible excavation strategies: A case study SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic archeology; forensic anthropology; Central Identification Laboratory Hawaii; recovery of human remains AB Anthropologists from the U.S. Army Central Identification Laboratory, Hawaii (CILHI) are routinely confronted with challenging situations when searching for the remains of American servicemen lost in armed conflicts. All CILHI anthropologists are well-versed and experienced in "textbook" archeological methods. As such, standard excavation techniques and procedures are the foundation for every CILHI recovery. Yet, the inherent nature of the CILHI missions prescribe excavation strategies that depart from those regularly presented in archeology textbooks. The unique nature and grand scale of the CILHI missions; environmental, physical, and geographic hazards; the salvage nature of the missions; time and budget constraints; and the inherent politically and emotionally charged atmospheres of the missions necessitate flexible excavation methods. For example, many CILHI recovery operations in Southeast Asia are excavations of large craters created by the impact of high-speed military aircraft in remote, unpopulated locales. In addition to rugged and dangerous terrain, an abundance of unexploded ordnance and poisonous reptiles and insects typically complicate excavations. These challenging circumstances dictate that the CILHI anthropologist constantly adapt conventional archeological techniques to unconventional excavation situations to maintain the crucial balance between maximum data recovery and scientific protocol. C1 USA, CILHI, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Hoshower, LM (reprint author), USA, CILHI, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 43 IS 1 BP 53 EP 56 PG 4 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA YT598 UT WOS:000071623100009 PM 9456525 ER PT J AU Arons, EM Colbeck, SC Gray, JMNT AF Arons, EM Colbeck, SC Gray, JMNT TI Depth-hoar growth rates near a rocky outcrop SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRY SNOW; METAMORPHISM; MODEL AB Observations of slab-avalanche releases in alpine terrain have led to the hypothesis that rocky outcrops can influence the spatial distributions of temperature and heat flow in dry alpine snow covers and thus control the local distribution of depth hear. We investigate the effects of terrain on crystal growth by using a two-dimensional finite-element model of heat flow coupled with a model of crystal growth from vapor. We used the model to examine the influence of snow properties, terrain geometry and snow depth on this phenomenon. The effect is stronger in the early winter than in the late winter, because the rock has then had time to cool. In all cases, We found that depth-hear growth occurs preferentially over the rock. This suggests that snow-pit investigations made over soil can be misleading if rocky outcrops are present. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Mech, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Arons, EM (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RI Gray, John/D-2269-2009 OI Gray, John/0000-0003-3554-0499 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 1998 VL 44 IS 148 BP 477 EP 484 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 170JW UT WOS:000078803400006 ER PT J AU Liston, GE Sturm, M AF Liston, GE Sturm, M TI A snow-transport model for complex terrain SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOWING SNOW; DRIFTING SNOW; WIND-SPEED; PROFILE; SIMULATION; SALTATION; MOMENTUM; ALASKA; LAYER; FLOWS AB As part of the winter environment in middle- and high-latitude regions, the interactions between wind, vegetation, topography and snowfall produce snow covers of non-uniform depth and snow water-equivalent distribution. A physically based numerical snow-transport model (SnowTran-3D) is developed and used to simulate this three-dimensional snow-depth evolution over topographically variable terrain. The mass-transport model includes processes related to vegetation snow-holding capacity, topographic modification of wind speeds, snow-cover shear strength, wind-induced surface-shear stress, snow transport resulting from saltation and suspension, snow accumulation and erosion, and sublimation of the blowing and drifting snow. The model simulates the cold-season evolution of snow-depth distribution when forced with inputs of vegetation type and topography, and atmospheric forcings of air temperatures, humidity, wind speed and direction, and precipitation Moder outputs include the spatial and temporal evolution of snow depth resulting from variations in precipitation, saltation and suspension transport, and sublimation. Using 4 years of snow-depth distribution observations from the foothills north of the Brooks Range in Arctic Alaska, the model is found to simulate closely the observed snow-depth distribution patterns and the interannual variability. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. RP Liston, GE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 70 TC 269 Z9 277 U1 7 U2 30 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 1998 VL 44 IS 148 BP 498 EP 516 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 170JW UT WOS:000078803400008 ER PT J AU Lawson, DE Strasser, JC Evenson, EB Alley, RB Larson, GJ Arcone, SA AF Lawson, DE Strasser, JC Evenson, EB Alley, RB Larson, GJ Arcone, SA TI Glaciohydraulic supercooling: a freeze-on mechanism to create stratified, debris-rich basal ice: I. Field evidence SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBGLACIAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM; MATANUSKA GLACIER; ABLATION AREA; ALASKA; STORGLACIAREN; CHARACTER; SWEDEN; SHEET; WATER; ENTRAINMENT AB Debris-laden ice accretes to the base of Matanuska Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A., from water that supercools while flowing in a distributed drainage system up the adverse slope of an overdeepening. Frazil ice grows in the water column and forms aggregates, while other ice grows on the glacier sole or on substrate materials. Sediment is trapped by, this growing ice, forming stratified debris-laden basal ice. Growth rates of >0.1 m a(-1) of debris-rich basal ice are possible. The large sediment fluxes that this mechanism allows may have implications fair interpretation of the widespread deposits from ice that flowed through other overdeepenings, including Heinrich events and the till sheets south of the Laurentian Great Lakes. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Anchorage, AK 99505 USA. Augustana Coll, Dept Geol, Rock Island, IL 61201 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Penn State Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Lawson, DE (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Anchorage, AK 99505 USA. NR 62 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 6 U2 26 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 1998 VL 44 IS 148 BP 547 EP 562 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 170JW UT WOS:000078803400012 ER PT J AU Alley, RB Lawson, DE Evenson, EB Strasser, JC Larson, GJ AF Alley, RB Lawson, DE Evenson, EB Strasser, JC Larson, GJ TI Glaciohydraulic supercooling: a freeze-on mechanism to create stratified, debris-rich basal ice: II. Theory SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBGLACIAL DRAINAGE; GLACIER; SYSTEM; SHEET; BED; STORGLACIAREN; REGELATION; WATERWAYS; ACCRETION; RHEOLOGY AB Simple theory supports field observations (Lawson and others, 1998) that subglacial water flow out of overdeepenings can cause; accretion of layered, debris-bearing ice to the bases of glaciers. The large meltwater flux into a temperate glacier at the onset of summer melting can cause rapid water flow through expanded basal cavities or other flow paths. If that Row ascends a sufficiently steep slope out of an overdeepening, the water will supercool as the pressure-melting point rises, and basal-ice accretion will occur. Diurnal, occasional or annual fluctuations in water discharge will cause variations in accretion rate, debris content of accreted ice or subsequent diagenesis, producing layers. Under appropriate conditions, net accretion of debris-bearing basal ice will allow debris fluxes that are significant in the glacier sediment budget. C1 Penn State Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Anchorage, AK 99505 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Augustana Coll, Dept Geol, Rock Island, IL 61201 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Alley, RB (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 48 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 21 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 1998 VL 44 IS 148 BP 563 EP 569 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 170JW UT WOS:000078803400013 ER PT J AU Peters, JF Howington, SE Holland, JP Tracy, FT Maier, RS AF Peters, JF Howington, SE Holland, JP Tracy, FT Maier, RS TI High performance computing as a tool for groundwater cleanup SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSPORT AB High Performance Computing (HPC) is a key enabling tool to interconnect the many, varied simulation capabilities required to advance the science of groundwater remediation. The US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station is engaged in research and development that will provide a seamless link to tools that combine diverse field data into accurate site characterizations, and perform computer simulations of remediation processes. However, the simulation models on which this capability is founded are still not adequate to simulate real, heterogeneous media that make up the natural groundwater environment. The inadequacy stems from the multi-scale structure of natural media that is masked by the continuum formulations upon which numerical models are based. The range of scales is simply too great to be spanned by any present, or foreseeable, HPC resource. To advance the science of multi-scale simulation, HPC may be viewed as an extension of the laboratory. By stretching present resources to perform scale-spanning simulations, stochastic models are created from data that could not be obtained previously from physical experiments. A detailed description of this process is presented for non-reactive, dispersive transport. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Peters, JF (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSN HYDRAULIC RESEARCH PI DELFT PA PO BOX 177, 2600 DELFT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 1998 VL 36 IS 6 BP 897 EP 912 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 148RV UT WOS:000077546800004 ER PT J AU Blair, PJ Riley, JL Levine, BL Lee, KP Craighead, N Francomano, T Perfetto, SJ Gray, GS Carreno, BM June, CH AF Blair, PJ Riley, JL Levine, BL Lee, KP Craighead, N Francomano, T Perfetto, SJ Gray, GS Carreno, BM June, CH TI Cutting edge: CTLA-4 ligation delivers a unique signal to resting human CD4 T cells that inhibits interleukin-2 secretion but allows Bcl-X-L induction SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CD28 COSTIMULATION; ACTIVATION; PROLIFERATION; EXPRESSION; LYMPHOCYTES; APOPTOSIS; SURVIVAL; ANTIGEN AB We have assessed the functional effects of a panel of CTLA-4 mAbs on resting human CD4(+) T cells, Our results demonstrate that some CTLA-4 mAbs can inhibit proliferative responses of resting CD4(+) cells and cell cycle transition from G(1) to G(1). The inhibitory effects of CTLA-4 were evident within 4 h, at a time when cell surface CTLA-4 expression remained undetectable, Other CTLA-4 mAbs had no detectable inhibitory effects, indicating that binding of Ab to CTLA-4 alone is not sufficient to mediate down-regulation of T cell responses, Interestingly, while IL-2 production was shut off, inhibitory anti-CTLA-4 mAbs permitted induction and expression of the cell survival gene bcl-X-L. Consistent with this observation, cells remained viable and apoptosis was not detected after CTLA-4 ligation. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Immune Cell Biol Program 061, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, US Mil HIV Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Genet Inst, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. RP June, CH (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst, Immune Cell Biol Program 061, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM juneC@nmripo.nmri.nnmc.navy.mil RI Levine, Bruce/D-1688-2009; OI Riley, James/0000-0002-1057-576X NR 27 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 160 IS 1 BP 12 EP 15 PG 4 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA YW266 UT WOS:000071915100003 PM 9551948 ER PT J AU Burns, AR Bowden, RA Abe, Y SImon, SI Entman, ML Smith, CW AF Burns, AR Bowden, RA Abe, Y SImon, SI Entman, ML Smith, CW TI Histamine induces preferential Weibel-Palade (WP) body fusion and P-selectin upregulation along endothelial cell borders SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PY 1998 SU 1 MA 73 BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA 117YP UT WOS:000075810700073 ER PT J AU Muderhwa, JM Rothwell, SW Alving, CR AF Muderhwa, JM Rothwell, SW Alving, CR TI Emulsification of liposomes with incomplete Freund's adjuvant: Stability of the liposomes and the emulsion SO JOURNAL OF LIPOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ANTIGEN AB Emulsification of liposomes with incomplete Freund's adjuvant, a water-in-oil emulsion, resulted in the formation of stable emulsions containing a large fraction of intact liposomes. Although some loss of liposome integrity and loss of emulsion stability did occur at certain concentrations of liposomes, based on the release of trapped glucose, it was determined that formulations of Freund's adjuvant containing liposomes could be produced that still retained a considerable liposomal permeability barrier for at least 7 days. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Hematol & Vasc Biol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Jenner Biotherapies Inc, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. RP Muderhwa, JM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0898-2104 J9 J LIPOSOME RES JI J. Liposome Res. PY 1998 VL 8 IS 2 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.3109/08982109809035525 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA ZW277 UT WOS:000074393300006 ER PT J AU Bliese, PD Halverson, RR AF Bliese, PD Halverson, RR TI Group size and measures of group-level properties: An examination of eta-squared and ICC values SO JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID COEFFICIENTS; RELIABILITY; PERSONALITY; AGGREGATION; BEHAVIOR AB The eta-squared (eta(2)) from a one-way random effects ANOVA is an index commonly used to estimate group-level properties of data in multilevel research. Under some circumstances; however, eta(2) values provide biased estimates of the group-level properties. Biased estimates occur because the magnitude of the eta(2) in a one-way random Effects ANOVA is partially a function of group size. In this paper, the relationship between group- size and eta(2) is described, and a simulation verifying the relationship between group size and eta(2) is conducted. The simulation demonstrates the conditions under which eta(2) does and does not provide a biased estimate of group-level proper ties. The paper concludes by (a) discussing corrections for eta(2), and (b) providing guideline. for calculating estimates of group-level properties in samples having unequal group sizes. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Bliese, PD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 23 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 16 PU JAI PRESS INC PI STAMFORD PA 100 PROSPECT ST, PO BOX 811, STAMFORD, CT 06901 USA SN 0149-2063 J9 J MANAGE JI J. Manage. PY 1998 VL 24 IS 2 BP 157 EP 172 DI 10.1016/S0149-2063(99)80058-0 PG 16 WC Business; Psychology, Applied; Management SC Business & Economics; Psychology GA 102JK UT WOS:000074920900002 ER PT J AU Meyer, MC McLendon, T Price, D AF Meyer, MC McLendon, T Price, D TI Evidence of depleted uranium-induced hormesis and differential plant response in three grasses SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID RADIATION HORMESIS; ALUMINUM; TOXICITY; GROWTH; STIMULATION; CULTIVARS; SEEDLINGS; TOLERANCE; SOIL AB General plant response to depleted uranium (DU) was tested using three widespread range-grass species, Aristida purpurea Nutt. (purple threeawn), Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm. (buffalograss), and Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash (little bluestem). Aboveground, belowground, and total biomass measures of these grasses were analyzed over the five different DU soil concentrations of 0, 5, 500, 5,000, and 25,000 mg kg(-1). Differential plant response to DU was observed between the three grasses, with A. purpurea and B. dactyloides exhibiting a threshold-type response in which no changes in biomass occurred until the highest treatment level of 25,000 mg kg(-1) was reached. Schizachyrium scoparium, however, demonstrated a large degree of growth stimulation, or hormesis, at the 50 and 500 mg kg(-1) DU concentrations. Several possible mechanisms of this hermetic response are offered. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Cte Ecol Risk Assessment & Management, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Biol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Labs, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Meyer, MC (reprint author), Geomega, 2995 Baseline Rd,Suite 202, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2475 EP 2484 DI 10.1080/01904169809365579 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 132ZT UT WOS:000076662500018 ER PT J AU Labbate, LA Grimes, J Hines, A Oleshansky, MA Arana, GW AF Labbate, LA Grimes, J Hines, A Oleshansky, MA Arana, GW TI Sexual dysfunction induced by serotonin reuptake antidepressants SO JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY LA English DT Article ID PREMATURE EJACULATION AB Serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) antidepressants have been associated with sexual dysfunction, though there have been few prospective reports specifically examining this problem. The purpose of this study was to determine if three SRIs affected sexual function in patients with an anxiety disorder or major depressive disorder over a 3-month period. Sixty-one patients were evaluated for at least 2 months in a prospective study of the effects of fluoxetine, sertraline, and paroxetine on five aspects of sexual function: libido, erection/lubrication, orgasm quality, orgasm delay, and sexual frequency. Measurements were made at baseline and at each month on visual analog scales. For men and women, orgasm quality was lower and orgasm delay longer at Months 1, 2, and 3 compared with baseline (p < .001). Erection scores were lower over time (p < .02) but this change was less dramatic. Lubrication, libido, and sexual frequency were not appreciably changed over 3 months. Anorgasmia was significantly more common in women than men at Months 1 and 2. Orgasm appears to be a primary sexual function affected by SRIs. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Charleston, SC 29403 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Labbate, LA (reprint author), Dept Vet Affairs, Ralph H Johnson Med Ctr, 109 Bee St, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. NR 13 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRUNNER/MAZEL INC PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST RD, STE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 USA SN 0092-623X J9 J SEX MARITAL THER JI J. Sex Marital Ther. PD JAN-MAR PY 1998 VL 24 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1080/00926239808414663 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA YU992 UT WOS:000071777600001 PM 9509375 ER PT J AU Schumm, WR Resnick, G Silliman, B Bell, DB AF Schumm, WR Resnick, G Silliman, B Bell, DB TI Premarital counseling and marital satisfaction among civilian wives of military service members SO JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY LA English DT Article ID RELATIONSHIP ENHANCEMENT; FOLLOW-UP; REPLICATION; PREVENTION; DISTRESS; MARRIAGE; PROGRAM; COUPLES; GENDER AB Wives' marital satisfaction was evaluated as a function of a premarital counseling typology in an analysis of data from several thousand military couples surveyed in 1992. Among couples who jointly reported participation in premarital counseling, results indicated that both having premarital counseling and reporting higher satisfaction with the counseling experience were associated with higher levels of marital satisfaction. Among couples who disagreed about having had premarital counseling, results were still favorable but less consistent. Implications for clinical practice are discussed. C1 Kansas State Univ, Sch Family Studies & Human Serv, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Schumm, WR (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Sch Family Studies & Human Serv, Justin Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU BRUNNER/MAZEL INC PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST RD, STE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 USA SN 0092-623X J9 J SEX MARITAL THER JI J. Sex Marital Ther. PD JAN-MAR PY 1998 VL 24 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1080/00926239808414665 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA YU992 UT WOS:000071777600003 PM 9509377 ER PT J AU Rivera, R Medina, VF Larson, SL McCutcheon, SC AF Rivera, R Medina, VF Larson, SL McCutcheon, SC TI Phytotreatment of TNT-contaminated groundwater SO JOURNAL OF SOIL CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE munitions; RDX; HMX; phyto-reactors; phytoremediation AB Phytoremediation is a viable technique for treating nitroaromatic compounds, particularly munitions. Continuous flow phyto-reactor studies were conducted at the following three influent concentrations of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT): 1, 5, and 10 ppm. A control was also prepared with an influent TNT concentration of 5 ppm. Flow rates were systematically reduced to increase hydraulic retention times (HRT) which ranged from 12 to 76 days. initially, the control reactor removed TNT as efficiently as the plant reactors. With time, however, the efficiency of the control became less than that of the plant reactors, suggesting that adsorption was initially the mechanism for removal. Up to 100% of the TNT was removed. Aminodinitrotoluene (ADNT) effluent concentration was higher for higher TNT influent concentrations. Increasing the retention time reduced ADNT concentration in the effluent. Supplementary batch studies confirmed that ADNT and diaminonitrotoluene (DANT) were phytodegraded. Preliminary batch studies were also conducted on the degradation of RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) and HMX(Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5, 7-tetraazocine). These batch studies indicated that the degradation of RDX was slower than that for TNT. A study with HMX indicated that the removal rates were reasonable, but required a lag phase. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Civil Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. USA, Corp Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Medina, VF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tri Cities,100 Sprout Rd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 10 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1058-8337 J9 J SOIL CONTAM JI J. Soil Contam. PY 1998 VL 7 IS 4 BP 511 EP 529 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 108EP UT WOS:000075253300007 ER PT J AU Schmidt, EM Donovan, WF AF Schmidt, EM Donovan, WF TI Technique to reduce yaw and jump of fin-stabilized projectiles SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 35th Aerospace Science Meeting / Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Symposium CY JAN 06-10, 1997 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, USAF, Off Sci Res, Sandia Natl Labs C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Directorate, Elect Armament Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Schmidt, EM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Directorate, Elect Armament Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 35 IS 1 BP 110 EP 111 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA YW492 UT WOS:000071941100017 ER PT J AU Chowdhury, MR Wang, D Haldar, A AF Chowdhury, MR Wang, D Haldar, A TI Reliability assessment of pile-supported structural systems SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID OFFSHORE PLATFORMS; ASSESSING FITNESS; FAILURE MODES; OPTIMIZATION; PURPOSE AB A performance-mode (PM)-based evaluation procedure is proposed to determine the probability of unsatisfactory performance (UP) for two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) systems involving pile-supported dams. This methodology includes ductile behavior of individual piles for the strength mode. It also examines the 3-D effects on the bounds for the series-parallel system. The procedure is an extension of the reliability method presented to compute the system probability of UP of pile-supported structures using brittle-element behavior. Lateral and vertical deflections are the limit states of the pile cap that provide the system-level probability of UP for the serviceability limit state. The element-level probability of UP for strength and system-level probability of UP serviceability are combined to evaluate the bounds for the load-case specific system probability of UP. Finally, the overall system probability of UP is evaluated considering the contributions of all load cases combined. The procedure is illustrated with examples, and the bounds for the system probability of UP are evaluated. The results indicate that the bounds of probability of UP for the example are narrower for ductile behavior than for brittle behavior. A 3-D problem correctly recognizes a number of significant PM that are absent in the 2-D approximation. C1 USA, Struct Lab, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Chowdhury, MR (reprint author), USA, Struct Lab, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 1998 VL 124 IS 1 BP 80 EP 88 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:1(80) PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA YM230 UT WOS:000071042800011 ER PT J AU Shrier, DK AF Shrier, DK TI Developmentally based psychotherapy. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Book Review C1 George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Shrier, DK (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20037 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 37 IS 1 BP 120 EP 121 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA YW319 UT WOS:000071922000029 ER PT J AU Walsh, DS Peacocke, M Harrington, A James, WD Tsou, HC AF Walsh, DS Peacocke, M Harrington, A James, WD Tsou, HC TI Patterns of X chromosome inactivation in sporadic basal cell carcinomas: Evidence for clonality SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pacific-Dermatologic-Association CY OCT, 1996 CL HAWAII SP Pacific Dermatol Assoc ID HUMAN HOMOLOG; COLORECTAL-CANCER; SKIN CANCERS; GENE; PROGRESSION; DISEASE; ORIGIN; MODEL AB Background: Some basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) contain genetic mutations, suggesting that the lesion is composed of a monoclonal population of cells. Clonality, a distinguish ing feature of neoplasia, can be inferred by referencing clonal markers such as the pattern of X chromosome inactivation. The X-linked human androgen receptor gene (HUMARA; GenBank) contains a polymorphic DNA marker that reliably illustrates the pattern of X chromosome inactivation in a tissue. Objective: Our purpose was to determine the clonality of sporadic BCCs by examining patterns of X chromosome inactivation. Methods: The patterns of X chromosome inactivation in paired samples of normal skin and sporadic BCCs from 24 women were compared by means of the HUMARA gene assay. Results: All samples from normal skin displayed random X chromosome inactivation, consistent with lyonization. In 15 of 25 tumor samples (60%), nonrandom X chromosome inactivation was detected, consistent with monoclonality. Conclusion: At least some sporadic BCCs are composed of a monoclonal population of cells, strengthening the contention that a collection of mutations confers a growth advantage to this epithelial lesion. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Columbia Presbyterian Med Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Walsh, DS (reprint author), USA, AFRIMS, APO, AP 96546 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-9927] NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 49 EP 55 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(98)70538-9 PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA YT322 UT WOS:000071589300007 PM 9448205 ER PT J AU Mather, MK Harrington, AC Montemarano, A Farley, M AF Mather, MK Harrington, AC Montemarano, A Farley, M TI Surgical Pearl: Purse string suture in the management of poorly delineated melanomas SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Mather, MK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 99 EP 101 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(98)70545-6 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA YT322 UT WOS:000071589300014 PM 9448212 ER PT J AU Piantanida, EW Turiansky, GW Kenner, JR Mather, MK Sperling, LC AF Piantanida, EW Turiansky, GW Kenner, JR Mather, MK Sperling, LC TI HIV-associated eosinophilic folliculitis: Diagnosis by transverse histologic sections SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Dermatology CY MAR 21-26, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Acad Dermatol C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Piantanida, EW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 1 BP 124 EP 126 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(98)70556-0 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA YT322 UT WOS:000071589300026 PM 9448223 ER PT J AU Lande, RG Benedek, DM AF Lande, RG Benedek, DM TI Forensic psychiatry in the United States military SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PSYCHIATRY AND THE LAW LA English DT Article AB Members of the U.S. military and their families represent a unique subsection of the American culture. The U,S, Constitution, federal law, and military regulations establish guidance for the conduct of service members during peacetime and wartime, This same hierarchy of law and regulation sets forth the legal rights and directs the provision of medical care for service members and their families. The fact that the military population is concurrently subject to a body of military law, as well as to the broader guidelines of the civilian sector, creates distinct roles for the military forensic psychiatrist. An understanding of the medical and legal framework in which the military forensic psychiatrist operates will facilitate the interactions of the civilian expert witness with the military justice system. In this report, the legal issues most relevant to the practice of forensic psychiatry in the military are discussed. In addition, the roles and responsibilities for psychiatrists specifically trained in aspects of military medical and mental health law are identified. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Forens Psychiat Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Benedek, DM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Forens Psychiat Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PSYCHIATRY LAW PI BLOOMFIELD PA ONE REGENCY DR, PO BOX 30, BLOOMFIELD, CT 06002 USA SN 0091-634X J9 J AM ACAD PSYCHIATRY JI J. Am. Acad. Psychiatry Law PY 1998 VL 26 IS 2 BP 295 EP 304 PG 10 WC Law; Psychiatry SC Government & Law; Psychiatry GA ZY242 UT WOS:000074600500013 PM 9664266 ER PT J AU Cancio, LC Cohen, DJ AF Cancio, LC Cohen, DJ TI Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Review ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARIN; INDUCED PLATELET-AGGREGATION; OPEN-HEART-SURGERY; DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; ANTIPLATELET ANTIBODIES; RECOMBINANT HIRUDIN; CLINICAL USEFULNESS; CARDIAC OPERATIONS C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Burn Study Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Cardiothorac Surg Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP USA, Inst Surg Res, Burn Study Branch, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 159 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 EI 1879-1190 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 186 IS 1 BP 76 EP 91 PG 16 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA YT203 UT WOS:000071576000009 PM 9449602 ER PT J AU Forslund, DW George, JE Gavrilov, EM Zink, S Zimnik, P AF Forslund, DW George, JE Gavrilov, EM Zink, S Zimnik, P TI TeleMed: Evaluation of use in rural telemedicine SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PY 1998 SU S BP 1118 EP 1118 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA V3156 UT WOS:000171768600340 ER PT J AU Mego, DM DeGeare, VS Nottestad, SY Lamanna, VP Oneschuk, LC Rubal, BJ Zabalgoitia, M AF Mego, DM DeGeare, VS Nottestad, SY Lamanna, VP Oneschuk, LC Rubal, BJ Zabalgoitia, M TI Variation of flow propagation velocity with age SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MODE DOPPLER-ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC FUNCTION; FILLING DYNAMICS; CARDIAC DISEASE; RELAXATION; MASS; PATTERN AB Flow propagation velocity is a new color Doppler M-mode measurement of left ventricular filling characteristics. This study was designed to establish normal values for this measurement in healthy individuals and to-compare these findings with pulsed Doppler transmitral velocities. Complete M-mode, two-dimensional, and Doppler echocardiographic studies were performed on 64 volunteers between 21 and 79 years of age. Significant negative correlations (P < 0.001) with age were noted for flow propagation velocity (r = -0.59), peak early diastolic filling velocity (v = -0.65), and peak early diastolic filling/peak atrial filling ratio (r = -0.80). Positive correlations (p < 0.001) with age were observed for peak atrial filling velocity (r = 0.50) and atrial filling velocity integral (r = 0.71). Flow propagation velocity decreased by 44% between the youngest and oldest age groups. We conclude that how propagation velocity is influenced by age and that it compares favorably with transmitral Doppler indices of left ventricular filling in this regard. These age-related alterations are present in healthy individuals, in the absence of any apparent cardiovascular disease. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Cardiol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Mego, DM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0894-7317 J9 J AM SOC ECHOCARDIOG JI J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 11 IS 1 BP 20 EP 25 DI 10.1016/S0894-7317(98)70116-6 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YU950 UT WOS:000071772900005 PM 9487466 ER PT J AU Jow, TR Zheng, JP AF Jow, TR Zheng, JP TI Electrochemical capacitors using hydrous ruthenium oxide and hydrogen inserted ruthenium oxide SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRODES; BEHAVIOR AB Electrochemical capacitors made with hydrous ruthenium oxide (RuO2;xH(2)O) and hydrogen inserted hydrous ruthenium oxide (H6RuO2.xH(2)O) electrode materials were investigated. The electrochemical behavior of RuO2.xH(2)O in the potential range of -0.2 to 1.3 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE) was characterized using a cyclic voltammetry technique. It was found that, electrochemically, amorphous RuO2.xH(2)O electrodes behave quite differently from crystalline RuO2. The potentials of both the positive and the negative electrodes of the capacitors were monitored relative to SCE. For capacitors made with RuO2.xH(2)O electrode material, gas evolution and an increase of cell resistance were observed in the first few charge/discharge cycles. This was due to the fact that the potentials of the starting materials were close to the oxidation limit of the potential window. Hydrogen inserted hydrous ruthenium oxide with potentials near the center of the potential window were prepared using both electrochemical and chemical methods. It was demonstrated that capacitors made of hydrogen inserted ruthenium oxide electrodes exhibited high efficiency, high energy, and high power through a cycle life over 60,000 times. C1 Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Jow, TR (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 141 Z9 148 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 145 IS 1 BP 49 EP 52 DI 10.1149/1.1838209 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA YQ399 UT WOS:000071382900014 ER PT J AU Sivokon, VP Vorontsov, MA AF Sivokon, VP Vorontsov, MA TI High-resolution adaptive phase distortion suppression based solely on intensity information SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID DIVERSITY; RETRIEVAL; SYSTEMS; OPTICS AB New control algorithms far an adaptive system with high-resolution piston-type wave-front corrector and optoelectronic feedback that do not require phase information are introduced and analyzed. Numerical simulations of adaptive system performance in the presence of phase distortions described using several common phase fluctuation spectrums demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. An adaptive optical system having two separate feedback loops far compensation of large-and small-scale phase distortions is studied. Spatiotemporal instabilities that can occur in high-resolution adaptive systems were observed in numerical simulations. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Vorontsov, MA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM vorontsov@iol.arl.mil NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 15 IS 1 BP 234 EP 247 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.15.000234 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA YQ744 UT WOS:000071418900024 ER PT J AU Dastrup, B AF Dastrup, B TI Five years a cavalryman: Or, sketches of regular army life on the Texas frontier, 1866-1871 SO JOURNAL OF THE WEST LA English DT Book Review C1 US Army Field Artillery Sch Ft Sill, Lawton, OK 73503 USA. RP Dastrup, B (reprint author), US Army Field Artillery Sch Ft Sill, Lawton, OK 73503 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J WEST INC PI MANHATTAN PA P O BOX 1009 1531 YUMA, MANHATTAN, KS 66502 USA SN 0022-5169 J9 J WEST JI J. West PD JAN PY 1998 VL 37 IS 1 BP 107 EP 107 PG 1 WC History SC History GA YV194 UT WOS:000071798800068 ER PT J AU Broughton, G Ilagan, M Jaffin, J AF Broughton, G Ilagan, M Jaffin, J TI Picture Archiving Communication System does not decrease the number of radiographs needed to evaluate the trauma patient SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE PACS; digital imaging; trauma; Medical Diagnostic Imaging System; computed radiography ID WORKSTATION; IMAGES; PACS AB Background: Picture Archiving Communication System (PACS) is a sophisticated software and hardware package that enables clinicians to retrieve. review, and digitally manipulate radiographs from computer workstations throughout the hospital, PACS was instituted at Brooke Army Medical Center in July 1993. Methods: Fifty consecutive trauma and 50 consecutive motor vehicle crash (MVC) trauma admissions to an urban trauma center were reviewed before PACS (January 1993) and 18 months after PACS was instituted (January 1995). Patients were compared by the number of radiographs needed during the initial evaluation by type and total. The trauma groups were subdivided by mechanism and also compared. Demographic and physiologic data were collected for each patient. Results: There are no differences in the demographic and physiologic data between groups. For the 50 consecutive trauma admissions, only two areas of statistical difference were found: more chest films were obtained in the MVC PACS group and more pelvis films were obtained in the gunshot wound pre-PACS group, For the 50 consecutive MVC trauma admissions, the PACS group had more chest and total radiographs per patient than the pre-PACS group. More computed tomographic scans of the neck were obtained in the PACS group. Conclusion: PACS did not decrease the number of radiographs needed to adequately and fully evaluate the trauma patient. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Broughton, G (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Serv, MCHE-SDG,3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JAN PY 1998 VL 44 IS 1 BP 166 EP 170 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA YU779 UT WOS:000071753400030 PM 9464767 ER PT J AU Goff, JM Gillespie, DL Rich, NM AF Goff, JM Gillespie, DL Rich, NM TI Long-term follow-up of a superficial femoral vein injury: A case report from the Vietnam Vascular Registry SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID VENOUS RECONSTRUCTION; REPAIR; TRAUMA AB We report a 29-year follow-up of a high-velocity superficial femoral vein injury sustained during the Vietnam War that was treated by emergent ligation. After years of suffering recurrent ulceration from chronic venous insufficiency, this patient underwent axillary vein valve transfer with improvement in his venous hypertension, Long-term follow-up of patients with deep venous injuries is necessary to avoid complications from chronic venous insufficiency. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Peripheral Vasc Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Gillespie, DL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Peripheral Vasc Surg Serv, Ward 64, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JAN PY 1998 VL 44 IS 1 BP 209 EP 211 DI 10.1097/00005373-199801000-00032 PG 3 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA YU779 UT WOS:000071753400040 PM 9464776 ER PT J AU Orr, SP Meyerhoff, JL Edwards, JV Pitman, RK AF Orr, SP Meyerhoff, JL Edwards, JV Pitman, RK TI Heart rate and blood pressure resting levels and responses to generic stressors in Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS LA English DT Article DE stress disorders; posttraumatic; Vietnam veterans; heart rate; blood pressure; stress, psychological ID COMBAT VETERANS; RELIABILITY; VALIDITY; IMAGERY; SCALE AB Resting heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SEP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured on 3 successive mornings in the homes of drug-free Vietnam combat veterans, classified on the basis of DSM-III-R criteria into current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; n = 20) or non-PTSD (n = 15). Responses to three generic stressor challenges (orthostatic, mental arithmetic, and cold presser) were also measured. In the orthostatic stressor condition, DBP increased over time in the non-PTSD, but not in the PTSD, veterans, suggesting a paradoxically reduced autonomic response in PTSD. There were no other significant group differences in resting levels or responses to any of the challenges for any measure. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Res Serv, Manchester, NH 03103 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02168 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Dept Neuroendocrinol & Neurochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Orr, SP (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Res Serv, 228 Maple St,2nd Floor, Manchester, NH 03103 USA. NR 20 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0894-9867 J9 J TRAUMA STRESS JI J. Trauma Stress PD JAN PY 1998 VL 11 IS 1 BP 155 EP 164 DI 10.1023/A:1024421502881 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA YU729 UT WOS:000071748400012 PM 9479684 ER PT J AU Vijayaraghavan, D Brewe, DE AF Vijayaraghavan, D Brewe, DE TI Effect of rate of viscosity variation on the performance of journal bearings SO JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Variations in viscosity within the film is known to have a pronounced effect on journal bearing performance. Lubricants of the same grade with the same viscosity at a particular temperature and ambient pressure can have different viscosity values at other-temperature and pressures. The effect of rate of viscosity variation due to the changes in temperature and pressure on the performance of an axial grooved journal bearing is the focus of this investigation. Roelands' model on viscosity-temperature pressure relationship of lubricants is adopted. Cavitation modelling with regard to thermal effects and mass conservation are carefully considered. A total THD model with heat transfer within the fluid film and heat dissipation to the ambient through the journal and bush, is utilized. For different rates of viscosity variation with respect to temperature and pressure, comparison of performance parameters and typical temperature distributions are presented. C1 Univ Toledo, Dept Mech Engn, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. USA, Lewis Res Ctr, NASA, Vehicle Prop Directorate, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Vijayaraghavan, D (reprint author), USA, Lewis Res Ctr, NASA, Vehicle Prop Directorate, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0742-4787 J9 J TRIBOL-T ASME JI J. Tribol.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 1998 VL 120 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1115/1.2834181 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA YV241 UT WOS:000071803500001 ER PT J AU Yuan, Q Sun, DC Brewe, DE AF Yuan, Q Sun, DC Brewe, DE TI Study of hybrid lubrication at the tooth contact of a wormgear transmission: Part 1 - Formulation and analysis SO JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID HYDROSTATIC POCKET; FLOW PATTERNS; ASPECT RATIO; PRESSURE; BEARING AB The paper presents a lubrication analysis for the tooth contact of a proposed wormgear transmission the information needed for the lubrication analysis has been mostly obtained from a previously published wormgear analysis. The information includes the geometry of the clearance between the meshing surfaces, the velocity of the worm surface relative to the gear surface, and the normal force acting on a gear tooth as it moves through the meshing zone. The lubrication analysis is carried out after a design of the oil supply configuration is made, that consists of a single transverse oil recess and a capillary tribe flow, restrictor. Under the predetermined normal force, the lubrication analysis is aimed at obtaining the needed supply pressure to separate the meshing surfaces by a minimum oil film thickness, which is prescribed to insure the establishment of fluid film lubrication at the contact. The lubrication analysis considers (1) the hybrid lubrication effect(combined hydrostatic action and hydrodynamic wedge and squeeze actions), (2) the temperature rise in the oil film flow and the restrictor flow, and (3) the pressure and temperature dependence of oil properties. Part I describes the formulation of the oil film flow problem (in discrete form) and the restrictor flow problem (in analytical form). The two problems are coupled through the conditions of flow continuity and energy balance in the oil recess. C1 SUNY Binghamton, Dept Mech Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Prop Directorate, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Yuan, Q (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Mech Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0742-4787 J9 J TRIBOL-T ASME JI J. Tribol.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 1998 VL 120 IS 1 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1115/1.2834172 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA YV241 UT WOS:000071803500019 ER PT J AU Yuan, Q Sun, DC Brewe, DE AF Yuan, Q Sun, DC Brewe, DE TI Study of hybrid lubrication at the tooth contact of a wormgear transmission: Part 2 - Results and discussion SO JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Part 2 begins by describing the numerical solution procedures of the hybrid lubrication problem. Results of the computation are then presented that include the detailed pressure and temperature distribution in the oil film, the required supply pressure for maintaining the prescribed minimum oil film thickness, the fluid friction acting on the worm coil surface, the mass flow rate of supply oil, and the power loss associated with the restrictor flow. The feasibility of the hydrostatically lubricated wormgear transmission is discussed in light of these results. C1 SUNY Binghamton, Dept Mech Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. USA, Res Lab, Lewis Res Ctr, Vehicle Prop Directorate, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Yuan, Q (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Mech Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0742-4787 J9 J TRIBOL-T ASME JI J. Tribol.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 1998 VL 120 IS 1 BP 112 EP 118 DI 10.1115/1.2834173 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA YV241 UT WOS:000071803500020 ER PT J AU Gouvea, V Hoke, CH Innis, BL AF Gouvea, V Hoke, CH Innis, BL TI Genotyping of hepatitis E virus in clinical specimens by restriction endonuclease analysis SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis E virus; HEV genotyping; multi-site RT-PCR; restriction endonuclease analysis ID MOLECULAR-CLONING; GENE STRUCTURE; SEQUENCE; HEV; REGION; STRAIN; CHINA; POLYMERASE; MYANMAR; ISOLATE AB The genomic variability of hepatitis E virus (HEV) was examined by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) of four genomic cDNA copies comprising a 499 bp segment of the putative polymerase gene, a 264 bp segment of the helicase gene, and two, 680 bp and 448 bp, segments of the capsid gene. Analysis of the deduced restriction sites of all 27 HEV sequences currently available in the GenBank, and digestion of reverse-transcribed and nested PCR amplified segments obtained from six Nepali isolates were used to devise and test a REA genotyping assay. The assay allowed easy discrimination between the Mexico and Asian genotypes, and the classification of the Asian genotypes into three, or perhaps four subgenotypes. In addition, endonucleases identifiers of individual isolate or clusters of isolates were found. This assay permits rapid identification of a large number of HEV isolates directly from clinical specimens for studies on the molecular epidemiology and evolution of HEV. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Viral Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Gouvea, V (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Viral Dis, 14th & Dahlia Sts,Bldg 40, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM dr._vera_gouvea@wrsmtp-ccmail.army.mil NR 23 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JAN PY 1998 VL 70 IS 1 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(97)00172-9 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA YZ964 UT WOS:000072312800008 PM 9506814 ER PT J AU Ahrens, JP Hands, EB AF Ahrens, JP Hands, EB TI Velocity parameters for predicting cross-shore sediment movement SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB This paper discusses a method to estimate the tendency of sediment to move onshore or offshore under the influence of waves in shallow water. Motivation for this study is provided by the need for conceptually simple models to help explain the movement of noncohesive sediments under waves, especially cross-shore transport. Two dimensionless velocity parameters are developed to predict the tendency of sediment to move onshore under wave crests or offshore under troughs. The parameters are the ratio of the instantaneous, maximum near-bottom velocity under a wave crest or trough to the critical velocity for the initiation of sediment movement. Near-bottom velocities are estimated using stream function wave theory. One parameter shows considerable skill in predicting net cross-shore sediment movement for a large number of observations of laboratory and field beaches. Taken together, the two parameters provide a qualitative explanation for observed movement of a submerged gravel mound. Previous studies indicate that wave asymmetry can cause net onshore sediment movement and undertow can cause net offshore movement in the surf zone. The utility of these parameters also is examined for mounds composed of dredged material. C1 USAE, Waterways Expt Stn, CHL, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ahrens, JP (reprint author), 6702 Springfield Dr, Mason Neck, VA 22079 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 124 IS 1 BP 16 EP 20 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1998)124:1(16) PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA YL690 UT WOS:000070982400003 ER PT J AU Moore, C Baek, S Liebowitz, J Kilmer, R Minehart, R AF Moore, C Baek, S Liebowitz, J Kilmer, R Minehart, R TI Intelligent agent-based information warfare advisor ("Bob-in-a-box") SO KYBERNETES LA English DT Article DE Armed forces; artificial intelligence; computer-based training; expert systems; knowledge-based systems; War AB An intelligent agent-based information warfare advisor is being developed for the Strategic Crisis Exercise at the US Army War College. This paper will provide some background on intelligent agents and will then describe the proposed architecture for building this intelligent agent-based information warfare (TW) advisor (called "Bob-in-a-box" - named after our IW domain expert, Bob Minehart). C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Management Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USA, War Coll, Ctr Strateg Leadership, Sci & Technol Div, Carlisle Barracks, PA USA. RP Moore, C (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Management Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MCB UNIV PRESS LTD PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0368-492X J9 KYBERNETES JI Kybernetes PY 1998 VL 27 IS 1 BP 38 EP + DI 10.1108/03684929810200521 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA ZP116 UT WOS:000073718000006 ER PT J AU Blakeslee, DB Grist, WJ Stachura, ME Blakeslee, BS AF Blakeslee, DB Grist, WJ Stachura, ME Blakeslee, BS TI Practice of otolaryngology via telemedicine SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Laryngological-Rhinological-and-Otological-Society CY MAY 11-14, 1997 CL SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA SP Amer Laryngol Rhinol & Otol Soc Inc AB Teleotolaryngology is becoming a reality as a result of improvements in technology and telecommunications. This prospective, clinical trial was designed to demonstrate the utility of three telemedicine systems in an otolaryngology practice, Optel is a desktop system used in the office. Picasso is a mobile system used from various locations throughout the hospital, The Georgia Statewide Telemedicine Program (GSTP) is a large, sophisticated system used from a fixed site within a rural hospital. Patients with a wide variety of ear, nose, and throat problems were presented to consultants at two medical teaching centers in Georgia, Fifty-four consults were completed over a 24-month period, In addition, three teleconsultations demonstrated enhanced capabilities for continuing medical education (CME) and health care networks, Nine different specialty fields were accessed by the otolaryngologist. Five consults were completed via the Optel system; 13 via the Picasso system; and 36 via GSTP Overall, teleotolaryngology provided quality audio and visual communication between the physicians that significantly improved diagnostic capabilities and treatment options for the patient. C1 Emory Clin, Otolaryngol Sect, Decatur, GA USA. Habersham Ear Nose & Throat Clin, Demorest, GA USA. Med Coll Georgia, Telemed Ctr, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Dept Def Ctr Total Access, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP Blakeslee, DB (reprint author), 800 Histor Highway 441 N, Demorest, GA 30535 USA. NR 11 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD JAN PY 1998 VL 108 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1097/00005537-199801000-00001 PN 1 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA YQ483 UT WOS:000071392300001 PM 9432058 ER PT S AU Zwick, H Stuck, BE Dunlap, W Scales, DK Lund, DJ Ness, JW AF Zwick, H Stuck, BE Dunlap, W Scales, DK Lund, DJ Ness, JW BE Jacques, SL Katzir, A TI Accidental bilateral q-switched neodymium laser exposure: Treatment and recovery of visual function SO LASER-TISSUE INTERACTION IX. PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser-Tissue Interaction IX CY JAN 26-28, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, Int Biomed Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE lasers; laser eye injury; visual acuity; contrast sensitivity; visual impairment; treatment; recovery; mechanisms; preferred retinal location; confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy; optical coherence tomography AB A 21 year old female was accidentally exposed in both eyes when she looked into the 10 cm exit aperture of a military laser designator emitting 1064 nm q-switched (30 ns) pulses at a 10 pulse per second rate. Steroid therapy (methylprednisolone sodium succinate) was initiated within 6 hours post exposure. Initial ophthalmoscopic observation revealed small contained macular hemorrhages in each eye. Fluorescein angiography (FA) showed minimal leakage. Visual acuity was 20/100 and 20/60 in OD and OS respectively. Contrast sensitivity in both eyes was depressed across all spatial frequencies by more than 1.5 log units. At four weeks post exposure, no significant macular scarring was apparent and visual acuity returned to 20/25 in both eyes. Contrast sensitivity had improved to normal levels with a peak at 3 cycles/degree. At one year post exposure, visual acuity was 20/13 in both eyes and measures of contrast sensitivity were within normal limits. During the course of recovery, the patient's fixation shifted from a slightly superior temporal site back to the central foveal region. The foveal lesion sites were still evident by ophthalmoscopy and Amsler grid measurements but were deemed functional when the patient placed small targets generated by the scanning laser ophthalmoscope in the lesion site for discrimination. This outcome indicates remarkable recovery of visual function and suggests that early administration of steroids may assist in preserving the natural neural recovery process of the photoreceptor matrix by minimizing intraretinal scar formation. C1 USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Zwick, H (reprint author), USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 7914 A Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2693-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3254 BP 80 EP 89 DI 10.1117/12.308151 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL09D UT WOS:000074238700011 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI The devil's garden. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 123 IS 1 BP 144 EP 144 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA YR709 UT WOS:000071522400320 ER PT B AU Belenky, G Balkin, TJ Redmond, DP Sing, HC Thomas, ML Thorne, DR Wesensten, NJ AF Belenky, G Balkin, TJ Redmond, DP Sing, HC Thomas, ML Thorne, DR Wesensten, NJ BE Hartley, L TI Sustaining performance during continuous operations: The US Army's sleep management system SO MANAGING FATIGUE IN TRANSPORTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Fatigue in Transportation Conference - Managing Fatigue in Transportation CY 1998 CL FREMANTLE, AUSTRALIA C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neuropsychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Belenky, G (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neuropsychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043357-X PY 1998 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.1016/B978-008043357-8/50006-6 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Transportation SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Transportation GA BM24X UT WOS:000078172300005 ER PT B AU Caldwell, JA Caldwell, JL AF Caldwell, JA Caldwell, JL BE Hartley, L TI Identification and control of nonwork-related contributors to operator sleepiness SO MANAGING FATIGUE IN TRANSPORTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Fatigue in Transportation Conference - Managing Fatigue in Transportation CY 1998 CL FREMANTLE, AUSTRALIA C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36360 USA. RP Caldwell, JA (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36360 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043357-X PY 1998 BP 87 EP 98 DI 10.1016/B978-008043357-8/50007-8 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Transportation SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Transportation GA BM24X UT WOS:000078172300006 ER PT B AU Eiker, EE Goldman, DM Davis, DW AF Eiker, EE Goldman, DM Davis, DW GP USCOLD USCOLD USCOLD TI A hybrid deterministic-risk-based approach to hydrologic dam safety analysis SO MANAGING THE RISKS OF DAM PROJECT DEVELOPMENT, SAFETY AND OPERATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual USCOLD Lecture Series on Managing the Risks of Dam Project Development, Safety and Operation CY AUG 10-14, 1998 CL BUFFALO, NY SP US Comm Large Dams C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Civil Works Directorate, Div Engn,Hydraul & Hydrol Branch, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Eiker, EE (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Civil Works Directorate, Div Engn,Hydraul & Hydrol Branch, 20 Massachusetts Ave, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US COMMITTEE LARGE DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 17TH ST, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-13-7 PY 1998 BP 167 EP 182 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN06Q UT WOS:000080539600011 ER PT B AU Foster, JL AF Foster, JL GP USCOLD USCOLD USCOLD TI Risk-based decision making for dam safety SO MANAGING THE RISKS OF DAM PROJECT DEVELOPMENT, SAFETY AND OPERATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual USCOLD Lecture Series on Managing the Risks of Dam Project Development, Safety and Operation CY AUG 10-14, 1998 CL BUFFALO, NY SP US Comm Large Dams AB As a dam owner, builder and operator, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is concerned with assuring that flood control dams are constructed, maintained and operated in a manner which minimizes the risks to public safety while protecting huge federal infrastructure investments. The consequences of dam failure are extreme and require that all the risks associated with a particular project be minimized. Dam safety repairs are, however, expensive and decisions on whether or not to make repairs must balance the risks associated with the project against the infrastructure funding constraints of today. The current USAGE dam safety policy for determining hydrologic or seismic deficiency does not include an assessment of the structural performance of the dam under postulated rare events. Failure is assumed to occur in order to determine project hazard. Structural adequacy is then evaluated by calculating deterministic safety factors, which are compared to design criteria. This results in very conservative assessments of stability and generally predicts failure for unusual and extreme loading conditions. USAGE decisions for major rehabilitation projects (capital investments to reduce economic risks) are being made differently than USAGE decisions for dam safety (capital investments to reduce human risks). Risk management should be accomplished for dam safety at a specific project, an entire flood control system or for the entire inventory of projects in the dam safety program, by examining the impact of flood control budget decisions upon the various parameters in a risk analysis. The impact of corporate budget decisions on each of the parameters should be directly quantified, and budget policies adjusted to reduce risks or maintain risk exposure at an acceptable level. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20314 USA. RP Foster, JL (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 20 Mass Ave, Washington, DC 20314 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU US COMMITTEE LARGE DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 17TH ST, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-13-7 PY 1998 BP 209 EP 219 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN06Q UT WOS:000080539600013 ER PT B AU Klosterman, MJ Sanders, J AF Klosterman, MJ Sanders, J GP USCOLD USCOLD USCOLD TI Application of risk-based analysis to seepage modification Walter F. George Lock & Dam, Georgia SO MANAGING THE RISKS OF DAM PROJECT DEVELOPMENT, SAFETY AND OPERATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual USCOLD Lecture Series on Managing the Risks of Dam Project Development, Safety and Operation CY AUG 10-14, 1998 CL BUFFALO, NY SP US Comm Large Dams AB The Corps of Engineers Waiter F. George Lock & Dam on the Chattahoochee River, near Ft. Gaines, Georgia, has experienced six significant seepage events since it was placed in service in 1963. Major remedial repairs have been made in excess of $20 million, yet the potential for similar seepage in the future remains. This seepage is the result of deterioration of the limestone foundation from erosion and solutioning. A reliability analysis of the foundation and a risk assessment of remediation alternatives was performed which would lead to a permanent resolution of the seepage problem. Because these erosion and solutioning activities cannot be accurately modeled, expert elicitation was combined with the history of previous seepage events to develop an event tree which was used to assess the remediation and economic alternatives. A Board of Consultants was convened to recommend potential solutions. A panel of five experts was then selected to prepare the event tree and related conditional probabilities. These probabilities were then used with their associated economic consequences to develop the risk assessment. The alternative selected was the construction of a positive concrete cutoff wall below the base of the existing structure. Construction is tentatively scheduled to begin in 1999. The experience at Waiter F. George has led to the formulation of guidance for the use of expert elicitation in risk assessments throughout the Corps of Engineers. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, HQUSACE, Geotech & Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20314 USA. RP Klosterman, MJ (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, HQUSACE, Geotech & Mat Branch, 20 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20314 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US COMMITTEE LARGE DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 17TH ST, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-13-7 PY 1998 BP 263 EP 278 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN06Q UT WOS:000080539600016 ER PT S AU Brown, TG Davis, BS AF Brown, TG Davis, BS BE Friedrich, CR Vladimirsky, Y TI Dynamic high-g loading of MEMS sensors: Ground and flight testing SO MATERIALS AND DEVICE CHARACTERIZATION IN MICROMACHINING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials and Device Characterization in Micromachining CY SEP 21-22, 1998 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE DE sensor; failure; accelerometer; pressure; artillery; rocket; high-g shock test; inertial measurement unit AB Low-cost, micromachined inertial measurement sensors have been steadily emerging into the commercial marketplace. Some of these sensors were evaluated through ground and flight tests for their insertion potential into military applications. High-g shock test results suggest that some of these sensors are rugged enough for both low-g and high-g launch survivability. A description of dynamic loading on the sensors and techniques used to mitigate failures is presented. Artillery projectiles and rockets, instrumented with "automobile grade" microelectromechanical (MEMS) accelerometers and telemetry units, have recently been flight tested with good success. Analyses of the accelerometer data show good comparison to radar-based acceleration measurements and 6-degree-of-freedom trajectory simulations. This paper presents the flight and ground test results and describe the challenges for using these strapdown devices on rolling projectiles. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Dir, AMSRL,WM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Brown, TG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Dir, AMSRL,WM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2971-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3512 BP 228 EP 235 DI 10.1117/12.324064 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Microscopy; Physics GA BL77N UT WOS:000076704600024 ER PT S AU Newill, JF Wilkerson, SA Hoppel, CPR Drysdale, WH AF Newill, JF Wilkerson, SA Hoppel, CPR Drysdale, WH BE Wilson, BA Hunter, BJ May, R Clements, LL TI Numerical simulation of composite kinetic energy projectiles launched by an M1A1 Abrams M256 gun system SO MATERIALS-THE STAR AT CENTER STAGE SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International SAMPE Technical Conference on Materials - The Star at Center Stage CY OCT 20-24, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE applications-military; ballistics; and advanced composites AB Improving accuracy for both direct- and indirect-fire weapons is a major challenge to the ballistician during gun and projectile development. The ability to control the interior and exterior ballistic processes to minimize adverse dynamic perturbations to the projectile during the launch represents a major step toward "designing in" accuracy. Recently, emphasis has been placed on the direct-tire accuracy of tank main armament systems to extend the lethality of this class of weapon and to improve accuracy of supersonic kinetic energy projectiles. Fundamental understanding of gun system and projectile interaction is paramount to meeting this goal. In addition to the direct effects launch has on accuracy, the interior ballistic motion sets the dynamic state of the projectile during the transitional and exterior ballistics phases of flight to a target. Experimentally, the interaction between the gun system and projectile cannot be determined during the launch event, leaving the interaction to be inferred from the exit state conditions of the projectile through various recording devices. Therefore, the only means of studying the in-bore motion of the project and projectile-gun system interaction is through numerical simulation. Recent advances in this methodology include the validation of three-dimensional, transient modeling, which includes highly anisotropic composite materials. Examples are included that study the gun barrel effects impacting both mean jump and dispersion for both composite and isotropic sabots along with effect on performance relating to structure and material changes. Results will be related to experimental findings. C1 USA, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Newill, JF (reprint author), USA, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-80-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1998 VL 30 BP 392 EP 406 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BM34J UT WOS:000078431400038 ER PT S AU Hoppel, CPR Newill, JF Tzeng, JT Burton, LW Bender, JM Burns, BP Drysdale, WH AF Hoppel, CPR Newill, JF Tzeng, JT Burton, LW Bender, JM Burns, BP Drysdale, WH BE Wilson, BA Hunter, BJ May, R Clements, LL TI Ordnance applications of polymer-matrix composite materials SO MATERIALS-THE STAR AT CENTER STAGE SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International SAMPE Technical Conference on Materials - The Star at Center Stage CY OCT 20-24, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE applications-military; ballistics; and advanced composites ID HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; BEHAVIOR AB Ordnance applications, including projectile and launcher technologies, present unique opportunities for polymer-matrix composite materials. The Army has significant need for lightweight materials in these applications, but the materials have to withstand harsh ballistic and environmental conditions. For projectiles, composite materials are needed as structural members to launch submunitions. These materials must be light, since their mass is parasitic to the limited kinetic energy available for projectile acceleration, and stiff to provide structural support for the submunitions, but they must also be able survive the intense three-dimensional impulse loading associated with launch. Two of these applications, the high capacity artillery shell and the sabot for a kinetic energy penetrator, are described. Both of these applications utilize thick composite structures and have been successfully fired. Ordnance launcher technologies include the development of lightweight mortar and howitzer systems as well as flywheels for power storage. While the projectile technologies are highly optimized for a very limited life (one shot), durability and fatigue are much more important considerations in launcher systems. The howitzer and mortar are designed for a limited, low-cycle fatigue life. Flywheels are especially important in pulsed power rotating machines for electric armaments. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Hoppel, CPR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-80-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1998 VL 30 BP 407 EP 419 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BM34J UT WOS:000078431400039 ER PT J AU Jean, BA Hamann, B AF Jean, BA Hamann, B TI An efficient surface-surface intersection algorithm using adaptive surface triangulations and space partitioning trees SO MATHEMATICAL ENGINEERING IN INDUSTRY LA English DT Article DE approximation; Bezier surface; B-spline surface; k-d tree; NURBS surface; parametric surface; spatial data structure; surface-surface intersection; surface triangulation; trimmed surfaces ID TRIMMED NURBS SURFACES; APPROXIMATION AB We present a robust and efficient surface-surface intersection (SSI) algorithm. The algorithm is based on intersecting surface triangulations and improves the resulting linear spline curve approximations of the exact intersection curves by replacing intersection points of the surface triangulations by exact intersection points. We use a specialized data structure, the k-d tree, for the efficient intersection of surface triangulations. The resulting intersection curves are guaranteed to lie within a user-specified tolerance. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Ctr High Performance Comp, CEWES IH, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Image Proc & Integrated Computing, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Jean, BA (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Ctr High Performance Comp, CEWES IH, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-121X J9 MATH ENG IND JI Math. Eng. Ind. PY 1998 VL 7 IS 1 BP 25 EP 40 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Mathematics GA 131DV UT WOS:000076561200002 ER PT J AU Horner, DA Carrillo, AR Peters, JF West, JE AF Horner, DA Carrillo, AR Peters, JF West, JE TI High resolution soil vehicle interaction modeling SO MECHANICS OF STRUCTURES AND MACHINES LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS AB In the development of a virtual proving ground for evaluating performance of off-road vehicles, the interaction between soil and the vehicle system must be accurately modeled, Typically the soil/vehicle interface can involve large discontinuous deformations of the soil mass, This paper presents a soil model using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to model the soil. The advantage of the DEM is that slip planes and separations can form within the soil mass, thus capturing evolving failure mechanisms in a simpler and more realistic way than models based on a continuum description of the soil. The predominant disadvantage of DEM in soil simulations is its enormous computational requirement. A discussion is provided on the use of High Performance Computing (HPC) systems, both scalar and parallel, to solve meaningful soil-vehicle interface problems. A comparison of simulation and experimental results is presented for a soil plowing experiment. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Horner, DA (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0890-5452 J9 MECH STRUCT MACH JI Mech. Struct. Mach. PY 1998 VL 26 IS 3 BP 305 EP 318 PG 14 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 120PD UT WOS:000075964000005 ER PT S AU Xuan, JH Wang, Y Sesterhenn, IA Moul, JW Mun, SK AF Xuan, JH Wang, Y Sesterhenn, IA Moul, JW Mun, SK BE Wells, WM Colchester, A Delp, S TI 3-D model supported prostate biopsy simulation and evaluation SO MEDICAL IMAGE COMPUTING AND COMPUTER-ASSISTED INTERVENTION - MICCAI'98 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI 98) CY OCT 11-13, 1998 CL CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS SP Harvard Med Sch, Boston, Massachusetts Inst Technol, MA AB The diagnosis of localized prostate cancer is carried out by standard core needle biopsies under guidance of transrectal ultrasound imaging of the prostate gland. This paper describes a 3-D model supported virtual environment for prostate cancer diagnosis and biopsy design. A 3-D deformable reconstruction algorithm is developed to define object surface from digitally-imaged surgical specimens. A virtual environment with a multimodal visualization capability is integrated to simulate prostate biopsy protocols. The new system permits an accurate graphical modeling of the object of interest, the localization and quantification of tumors, and the definition of the pathways of biopsy needles. The technique allows the medical experts to probe and manipulate the data in 3-D view space and to evaluate the performance of simulated biopsies subsequently optimize biopsy techniques. Results and analysis of our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the individual modular components of the approach. We conclude with an application of the complete framework to a prostate biopsy simulation and evaluation task. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Xuan, JH (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-65136-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1998 VL 1496 BP 358 EP 367 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Laboratory Technology; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Surgery SC Computer Science; Engineering; Medical Laboratory Technology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Surgery GA BN52N UT WOS:000082115900039 ER PT S AU Chacko, A Griffin, B Cook, JF Martinez, R Lollar, B Perez, G AF Chacko, A Griffin, B Cook, JF Martinez, R Lollar, B Perez, G BE Horii, SC Blaine, GJ TI Vision and benefits of a virtual radiology environment for the US Army SO MEDICAL IMAGING 1998 - PACS DESIGN AND EVALUATION: ENGINEERING AND CLINICAL ISSUES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT PACS Design and Evaluation Conference CY FEB 24-26, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Assoc Physicists Med, Amer Physiol Soc, US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Natl Elect Mfg Assoc, Diag Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Informat Syst Consortium, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Applicat Radiol AB The changes that have overtaken the US healthcare industry in the last five years could be best characterized as tectonic shifts. Every aspect of the healthcare market has been affected by the changes in Government policy and the attitude of society to issues in Healthcare. Most of these changes have been viewed as adversarial both to the health care provider and to the consumer. Healthcare reform was to have made healthcare more affordable and more available. Although healthcare reform was not passed, attempts have been made nationwide to address the ills of the system. These attempts have been largely half-hearted and weak-kneed. In most instances, only half a solution has been provided. There has been no improvement in the quality of care. In fact, in many instances, there has been degradation in quality and it has not become more available. We are faced with seemingly conflicting mandates - providing quality care making it more available working under severe capitation constraints and attracting and retaining a quality workforce. How do we address these problems? We have to change. We have to adopt the military paradigm of agility, adaptability and flexibility applicable to military science to our field of endeavor. We have to consider achieving all our goals without sacrificing any aspect. The most obvious step is to improve efficiency. This can be done best by incorporating the advantages that information technology has bestowed on other fields of endeavor. Properly applied information technology will provide the answer to improving efficiency in the Healthcare field. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Chacko, A (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2784-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3339 BP 200 EP 205 DI 10.1117/12.319770 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Informatics; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Medical Informatics; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BL49R UT WOS:000075701600021 ER PT S AU Jackson, LW Dennis, GJ Centeno, JA AF Jackson, LW Dennis, GJ Centeno, JA BE Collery, P Bratter, P deBratter, VN Khassanova, L Etienne, JC TI Analytical determination of blood silicon in patients with silicone breast implants SO METAL IONS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, VOL 5 SE METAL IONS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine CY MAY 08-10, 1998 CL NEUHERBERG, GERMANY SP Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin, Dept Trace Elements Hlth & Nutr, GSF Forschungszent Umwelt & Gesundheit, Inst Int Rech Ions Metall, G N PHARM Umwelt & Med, Hewlett Packard GmbH, F Kolher Chem, Ursapharm Arzneimittel GmbH, PROTINA GmbH ID METABOLISM AB Background: Polydimethylsiloxane is an organosilicon product and the primary constituent of silicone breast implants. The safety of these compounds for use in biomedical devices has been heavily disputed in the medical literature and media. A limited number of investigations have used trace element analysis to determine silicon concentration in biologic fluids from patients with silicone-containing breast implants. These studies were not uniform in analytical methodology, but suggested that women with silicone breast implants have higher blood levels of silicon compared with normal healthy women. These studies did not address the potential association between elevated blood silicon levels and morbidity in this population. In an effort to determine the utility of blood silicon levels as an index of silicone exposure and a marker of morbidity (i.e. connective tissue disease), we measured levels of elemental silicon in serum and plasma from a population of women by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Design: Serum and plasma samples were obtained from 69 women after a 12 hour fast. Six women had silicone-gel breast implants and a history of connective tissue disease (CTD); 24 of these women had silicone-gel breast implants and no history of CTD; 17 women had a history of CTD without silicone exposure; 9 women were undergoing longterm hemodialysis with exposure to silicon from their dialysate and dialysis tubing; and 12 healthy women had no history of CTD or silicone exposure. Samples were prepared by an acid dilution/extraction method in duplicate and analyzed with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Results: The dialysis group had significantly elevated serum and plasma silicon levels compared with the other 4 groups (P < 0.05). Women with silicone-containing breast implants did not have significantly elevated levels of serum or plasma silicon compared with a healthy non-exposed population of women. Women with silicone breast implants and a connective tissue disease, similarly did not have significantly elevated serum or plasma silicon levels compared with the non-exposed group of healthy women and to the non-exposed group of women with a connective tissue disease. Conclusion: Silicon levels measured in serum or plasma do not correlate with the presence of silicone breast implants or with a history of connective tissue disease. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Jackson, LW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT PI MONTROUGE PA 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE SN 1257-2535 BN 2-7420-0214-6 J9 METAL IONS BIOL MED PY 1998 VL 5 BP 33 EP 38 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology; Toxicology GA BM31W UT WOS:000078374100007 ER PT J AU Sentell, JW Finstuen, K AF Sentell, JW Finstuen, K TI Executive skills 21: A forecast of leadership skills and associated competencies required by Naval hospital administrators into the 21st century SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CARE AB Those in the Naval Medical Department are experiencing an exciting time of bridled chaos and creative change. Many midcareer officers are uncertain of the leadership behaviors and skills that will be necessary for successful managerial careers, Changes in the method of health care delivery in this nation combined with the reengineering of the armed forces' worldwide mission has driven military medical leaders to expand their professional skills, knowledge, and abilities beyond the clinical sciences. This research identifies the most critical domains in the science of health care administration and differentiates and ranks job skill, knowledge, and ability requirements that will be necessary for successful health care management into the 21st century. Top Naval hospital executives responded to two iterations of a Delphi inquiry. These medical leaders identified 106 unique issues that were content-analyzed into nine domains by a neutral, expert panel. Domains, in order of ranked importance, were leadership, health care delivery systems, cost-finance, technology, accessibility, professional staff relations, marketing, quality-risk management, and ethics. In the second Delphi iteration, hospital executives reviewed domain results and rated identified job requirements on their required job importance, The top-10 rated skills, knowledge, and abilities are reported, Results indicated that although a business orientation is needed for organizational survival, an emphasis on person-oriented skills, knowledge, and abilities is required for future success as a health care administrator in the Naval health care system. C1 USA, Baylor Univ Grad Program Hlth Care Adm, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Sentell, JW (reprint author), USA, Baylor Univ Grad Program Hlth Care Adm, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 163 IS 1 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YT022 UT WOS:000071556200003 PM 9465563 ER PT J AU Gearhart, BL Hamlin, ER AF Gearhart, BL Hamlin, ER TI Maternal and child health from the perspective of Army social workers SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Department-of-the-Navy/Uniformed Services Social Work Conference CY NOV 17-20, 1996 CL CLEVELAND, OHIO SP USN AB This article presents the results of a mail survey sent to chiefs of social work services at Army medical treatment facilities with inpatient capabilities. This exploratory and descriptive study was undertaken to understand how social workers at Army medical treatment facilities with inpatient capabilities perceive the structure and delivery of maternal and child health services and the needs of new and expectant parents, Of the 26 medical treatment facilities with inpatient capabilities, 8 reported deliveries only at civilian or other military hospitals. Respondents reported a variety of services and supports available to new and expectant parents. It is suggested that there is a need for better linkage with families that deliver at other hospitals. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Social Work Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Gearhart, BL (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Social Work Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 163 IS 1 BP 44 EP 48 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YT022 UT WOS:000071556200012 PM 9465572 ER PT J AU Dotter, JF Labbate, LA AF Dotter, JF Labbate, LA TI Missed and canceled appointments at a military psychiatry clinic SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PATIENT AB Previous studies have examined missed appointments in psychiatric outpatients, but military patients have not been studied. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients who miss or cancel appointments in a military outpatient psychiatry clinic. During a 75-day period, patients presenting to the Walter Reed Army Medical Center outpatient psychiatry clinic mere tracked for missed and canceled appointments. Patients included active duty and retired service members as well as military dependents. For each missed or canceled appointment, the treating psychiatrist completed a questionnaire detailing clinical information and information regarding the missed or canceled appointment. Within the study period, 20% of all scheduled appointments were either missed or canceled. Fifty-two percent of the patients who missed or canceled appointments called within 2 weeks to reschedule. Of those patients who missed or canceled appointments, 27% missed or canceled more than once during the study period. Active duty patients mere significantly more likely to miss and less likely to reschedule than military dependents and retirees. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Dotter, JF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 163 IS 1 BP 58 EP 60 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YT022 UT WOS:000071556200015 PM 9465575 ER PT J AU Dyer, JL Mittelman, MH AF Dyer, JL Mittelman, MH TI Evaluation of an unaided night vision instructional program for ground forces SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STUDENTS AB As military night operations become increasingly important and night vision devices proliferate, soldiers must still know how to use their eyes effectively. An instructional program using neutral density filters on 35-mm slides to demonstrate phenomena typical of night vision was developed and evaluated. The slide version of the program increased test scores of infantrymen by 40% regardless of time served in the Army. With infantry trainees, the slide version and a text version had positive, yet similar, effects on immediate and retention tests. Although the slides benefited trainees with low general ability, the text benefited trainees with higher general ability. The findings reinforce the need for a more complete understanding of how individuals process perceptual information critical to night operations and how instructional materials in this area should be developed. C1 USA, Res Inst, Infantry Forces Res Unit, Ft Benning, GA 31995 USA. USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Dyer, JL (reprint author), USA, Res Inst, Infantry Forces Res Unit, POB 52086, Ft Benning, GA 31995 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1998 VL 10 IS 3 BP 159 EP 172 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1003_2 PG 14 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA ZY495 UT WOS:000074627500002 ER PT J AU Hagman, JD AF Hagman, JD TI Using the Engagement Skills Trainer to predict rifle marksmanship performance SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB To assess the relation between device-based and live-fire M16A2 rifle marksmanship performance, 2 groups of 51 U.S. Army National Guard soldiers were tested on the Engagement Skills Trainer (EST) a day before shooting for record on the range. A significant (p less than or equal to .05) positive linear relation between EST and record fire scores was found for the normative group (Group 1) and confirmed for the cross-validation group (Group 2), with the former group's predictive model accounting for nearly half of the variance in the record fire scores of both groups. A practicable, EST-based tool was then developed from pooled group data to help marksmanship trainers predict the probability of individual soldier record fire qualification at the Marksman, Sharpshooter, and Expert levels. Additional field testing needed to ensure successful tool application is discussed. C1 USA, Res Inst, Reserve Component Training Res Unit, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Hagman, JD (reprint author), USA, Res Inst, Reserve Component Training Res Unit, 1910 Univ Dr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1998 VL 10 IS 4 BP 215 EP 224 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1004_1 PG 10 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 137TL UT WOS:000076932200001 ER PT J AU Rosen, LN Martin, L AF Rosen, LN Martin, L TI Incidence and perceptions of sexual harassment among male and female US army soldiers SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNIVERSITY; EXPERIENCES; DIMENSIONS; MILITARY; STUDENTS AB The Sexual Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ) was administered to 1,060 male and 305 female soldiers from combat support and combat service support units in the U.S. Army. Eighty-four percent of women and 74% of men experienced at least 1 of the behaviors listed in the SEQ during the previous year. However, only 30% of women and 8% of men acknowledged having been sexually harassed in the same time period. Men who experienced SEQ behaviors were less likely to acknowledge harassment than women who experienced these behaviors. The 3 SEQ subscales-gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, and coercion-were examined as predictors of organizational commitment, turnover wish, the perception of sexual harassment as a personal and work-unit problem, and as predictors of acknowledged harassment. The more serious behaviors were more likely to be acknowledged as harassment than the milder behaviors when the type of behavior was defined as either present or absent. On the other hand, when milder behaviors occurred frequently, they were the main predictors of the perception of sexual harassment as a personal and work-unit problem. Sexual harassment predicted turnover wish and Army commitment for male soldiers only. C1 UWI A, MCMR, Div Neuropsychiat, Walter Reed Army Inst Res,Dept Mil Psychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Rosen, LN (reprint author), UWI A, MCMR, Div Neuropsychiat, Walter Reed Army Inst Res,Dept Mil Psychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1998 VL 10 IS 4 BP 239 EP 257 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1004_2 PG 19 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 137TL UT WOS:000076932200003 ER PT S AU Buford, JA Garcia, TA Bowden, MH AF Buford, JA Garcia, TA Bowden, MH BE Illgen, JD Trier, EA TI Re-configurable visualization for HWIL simulation SO MODELING AND SIMULATING SENSORY RESPONSE FOR REAL AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Modeling and Simulating Sensory Response for Real and Virtual Environments CY APR 16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Soc Optical Engn DE visualization; hardware-in-the-loop; data management AB The U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) Missile Research, Engineering, and Development Center (MRDEC) Advanced Simulation Center (ASC) has recognized the need for re-configurable visualization in support of hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulations. AMCOM MRDEC made the development of re-configurable visualization tools a priority. SimSight, developed at AMCOM MRDEC, is designed to provide three-dimensional visualization to HWIL simulations and after action reviews. Leveraging both the latest hardware and software visual simulation technologies, SimSight displays a concise, three-dimensional view of the simulated world providing die HWIL engineer with unprecedented power to analyze quickly the progress of a simulation from pre-launch to impact. Providing three-dimensional visualization is only half the solution; data management, distribution, and analysis is the companion problem being dealt with by AMCOM MRDEC with the development of Fulcrum, a cross-platform data capture, distribution, analysis, and display framework of which SimSight will become a component. C1 USA, AMCOM, AMSAM, RD,SS,HW, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Buford, JA (reprint author), USA, AMCOM, AMSAM, RD,SS,HW, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2816-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3367 BP 122 EP 128 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BL60W UT WOS:000075999500013 ER PT S AU Gatto, LW AF Gatto, LW BE Summer, W Klaghofer, E TI Freeze-thaw effects on vehicular ruts and natural rills: importance to soil-erosion and terrain modelling SO MODELLING SOIL EROSION, SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND CLOSELY RELATED HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Modelling Soil Erosion, Sediment Transport and Closely Related Hydrological Processes CY JUL 13-17, 1998 CL IAEA HEADQUARTERS, VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Int Commiss Continental Eros Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, UNESCO, Int Atomic Energy Agency, Int res & Training Ctr Eros & Sedimentat, World Meteorol Org HO IAEA HEADQUARTERS AB Overland flows in vehicle ruts and naturally formed rills can be the dominant carriers of sediment down a hillslope. This research addresses the effects of soil freeze-thaw (FT) on rill and rut geometry, soil density, and infiltration, which partially determine water runoff quantity and velocity, and soil erodibility Laboratory experiments and field observations showed that soil FT (a) decreased the channel hydraulic radius (R) of a rectangular rill and wheel ruts up to 33%, (b) increased infiltration in wheel ruts by 62%, (c) decreased unconfined compression strength and shear strength in wheel ruts up to 81% and 57% respectively and unconfined compression strength in track ruts up to 60%, and (d) formed a V-shaped, Il-cm-deep rill in a track rut on a 17 degrees slope during spring thaw, while uncompacted soil adjacent to that rut showed no evidence of rill formation. These results can be used in soil-erosion and terrain-evolution models to account for overwinter modifications to hillslope hydrology and soils. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Geol Sci Div, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Gatto, LW (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Geol Sci Div, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-50-3 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1998 IS 249 BP 71 EP 79 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BM76X UT WOS:000079717600008 ER PT J AU Mostofi, FK Sesterhenn, IA Davis, CJ Dean, RC McLeod, DG Moul, JW AF Mostofi, FK Sesterhenn, IA Davis, CJ Dean, RC McLeod, DG Moul, JW TI Benign prostatic glands in the surgical margin in radical retropubic prostatectomies. SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 11 IS 1 BP 90A EP 90A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA YV140 UT WOS:000071793400533 ER PT J AU Skelton, HG Smith, KJ AF Skelton, HG Smith, KJ TI Extranodal multicentric Castleman's disease with cutaneous involvement SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE angiolymphoid hyperplasia; cutaneous Castleman's disease ID LYMPH-NODE HYPERPLASIA; PLASMA-CELL DYSCRASIA; ROSAI-DORFMAN DISEASE; KIMURAS DISEASE; DNA-SEQUENCES; SKIN; POLYNEUROPATHY; EOSINOPHILIA; SARCOMA; TISSUE AB Castleman's disease (CAD) is an unusual lymphoid hyperplasia that might be induced by an immunologic reaction to a virus or another infectious organism or drug; CAD commonly occurs in the mediastinal lymph nodes and less frequently in the neck lymph nodes, but other lymph nodes might be involved. Extranodal CAD is rare. We present a 72-year-old woman with diffuse 2- to 5-cm cutaneous nodules that had appeared a few months earlier. The patient underwent a biopsy, and the lesions resolved within 4 months. The patient was asymptomatic except for mild joint pains. Histopathologic findings showed a circumscribed nodule composed of lymphoid follicles with contracted germinal centers and expanded mantle zones. The lymphoid follicles were separated by perivascular bands of sclerotic collagen. Aggregates of epithelioid and dendritic histiocytes were present between follicles, with a prominent lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and vascular proliferation. Although extranodal CAD has been reported in the skin, we think that this is the first reported case of multicentric cutaneous CAD without evidence of lymph node involvement. C1 USA, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Lab Corp Amer, Herndon, VA USA. RP Smith, KJ (reprint author), USA, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 11 IS 1 BP 93 EP 98 PG 6 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA YV140 UT WOS:000071793400015 PM 9556429 ER PT J AU Sesterhenn, IA Stackhouse, GB Schlueter, TR Frazier, HA Moul, JW Rischel, BC Crismond, KL AF Sesterhenn, IA Stackhouse, GB Schlueter, TR Frazier, HA Moul, JW Rischel, BC Crismond, KL TI Does perineural invasion on needle prostatic biopsies predict extracapsular extension on radical prostatectomies? SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 11 IS 1 BP 95A EP 95A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA YV140 UT WOS:000071793400565 ER PT J AU Kaplan, KJ Goodman, ZD Ishak, KG AF Kaplan, KJ Goodman, ZD Ishak, KG TI Liver involvement by Langerhans' cell histiocytosis SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 11 IS 1 BP 153A EP 153A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA YV140 UT WOS:000071793400916 ER PT J AU Burke, L Rush, W Khoor, A Mackay, B Oliveira, P Whittsett, JA Singh, G Turnicky, R Fleming, MV Koss, MN Travis, WD AF Burke, L Rush, W Khoor, A Mackay, B Oliveira, P Whittsett, JA Singh, G Turnicky, R Fleming, MV Koss, MN Travis, WD TI Alveolar adenoma (AA): A histochemical, immunohistochemical & ultrastructural analysis of 16 cases. SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AFIP, Washington, DC USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Univ Texas, Houston, TX USA. Inst Portugues Oncol, Lisbon, Portugal. Childrens Hosp, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 11 IS 1 BP 172A EP 172A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA YV140 UT WOS:000071793401025 ER PT J AU Filbert, MG Forster, JS Phann, S Ballough, GPH AF Filbert, MG Forster, JS Phann, S Ballough, GPH TI Effects of soman-induced convulsions on phosphoinositide metabolism SO MOLECULAR AND CHEMICAL NEUROPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE entries; Soman; hippocampus; convulsions; seizures; phosphoinositides; inositol norepinephrine; carbachol; GABA ID EXCITATORY AMINO-ACIDS; RAT HIPPOCAMPAL SLICES; GABA-RECEPTOR STIMULATION; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; INDUCED SEIZURES; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; LOCUS-CERULEUS; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL METABOLISM; INOSITOL TRISPHOSPHATE; ARACHIDONIC-ACID AB Turnover of [H-3]phosphoinositides (PI) was examined in brain slices from the hippocampus of rats undergoing soman-induced seizure activity. Hydrolysis of PI was determined by measuring the accumulation of [H-3]inositol-1-phosphate (IP1). Incubation of hippocampal slices in the presence of carbachol or norepinephrine (NE) increased PI hydrolysis. Stimulated hydrolysis by NE, but not carbachol was significantly reduced in slices from soman-challenged rats undergoing convulsive activity. NE-stimulated PI hydrolysis was not reduced in slices from animals exposed to soman that did not exhibit convulsive activity. In rats surviving for 24 h, the response to NE was not different from control rats. In control slices, NE-stimulated hydrolysis of PI was potentiated by GABA. No potentiation by GABA was seen in slices from animals undergoing seizures. Uptake and incorporation of myo-[2-H-3]-inositol into phospholipids was reduced in slices from rats undergoing convulsions. Reduced IP1 production appeared to be owing, in part, to decreased synthesis of inositol Lipids. These observations suggest that during soman-induced seizure activity, there is an apparent decrease in the response of the PI second messenger system to NE stimulation, and that this may contribute to the severity and duration of convulsions and brain damage resulting from exposure to soman and other anticholinesterase compounds. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Neurotoxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Filbert, MG (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Neurotoxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1044-7393 J9 MOL CHEM NEUROPATHOL JI Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1007/BF02815855 PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA YW436 UT WOS:000071935100001 PM 9493172 ER PT J AU Saxena, A Ashani, Y Raveh, L Stevenson, D Patel, T Doctor, BP AF Saxena, A Ashani, Y Raveh, L Stevenson, D Patel, T Doctor, BP TI Role of oligosaccharides in the pharmacokinetics of tissue-derived and genetically engineered cholinesterases SO MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOVINE SERUM ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; HUMAN BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; N-GLYCOSYLATION; RHESUS-MONKEYS; PROTECTION; SOMAN; GLYCOPROTEINS; PRETREATMENT AB To understand the role of glycosylation in the circulation of cholinesterases, we compared the mean residence time of five tissue-derived and two recombinant cholinesterases (injected intravenously in mice) with their oligosaccharide profiles. Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed differences in the total carbohydrate, galactose, and sialic acid contents. The molar ratio of sialic acid to galactose residues on tetrameric human serum butyrylcholinesterase, recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase, and recombinant mouse acetylcholinesterase was found to be similar to 1.0. For Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase, monomeric and tetrameric fetal bovine serum acetylcholinesterase, and equine serum butyrylcholinesterase, this ratio was similar to 0.5. However, the circulatory stability of cholinesterases could not be correlated with the sialic acid-to-galactose ratio. Fractionation of the total pool of oligosaccharides obtained after neuraminidase digestion revealed one major oligosaccharide for human serum butyrylcholinesterase and three or four major oligosaccharides in other cholinesterases. The glycans of tetrameric forms of plasma cholinesterases (human serum butyrylcholinesterase, fetal bovine serum acetylcholinesterase, and equine serum butyrylcholinesterase) clearly demonstrated a reduced heterogeneity and higher maturity compared with glycans of monomeric fetal bovine serum acetylcholinesterase, dimeric tissue-derived T. californica acetylcholinesterase, and recombinant cholinesterases. T. californica acetylcholinesterase, recombinant cholinesterases, and monomeric fetal bovine serum acetylcholinesterase showed a distinctive shorter mean residence time (44-304 min) compared with tetrameric forms of plasma cholinesterases (1902-3206 min). Differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of cholinesterases seem to be due to the combined effect of the molecular weight and charge-and size-based heterogeneity in glycans. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Israel Inst Biol Res, IL-70450 Ness Ziona, Israel. Oxford GlycoSci Ltd, Abingdon OX14 3YS, Oxon, England. RP Saxena, A (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, 14th & Dahlia St NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 40 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0026-895X J9 MOL PHARMACOL JI Mol. Pharmacol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 53 IS 1 BP 112 EP 122 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YT033 UT WOS:000071557300013 PM 9443938 ER PT B AU Baker, EL Daniels, A Voorhis, GP Vuong, T Pearson, J AF Baker, EL Daniels, A Voorhis, GP Vuong, T Pearson, J BE Crowson, A Chen, ES Shields, JA Subramanian, PR TI Development of molybdenum shaped charge liners SO MOLYBDENUM AND MOLYBDENUM ALLOYS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT TMS Symposium on Molybdenum and Molybdenum Alloys at the 127th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 16-19, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP TMS Refractory Met Comm AB The development of molybdenum lined shaped charges is a relatively new area of investigation, with recent emphasis placed in producing increased jet ductility. Excellent jet ductility has now been successfully produced from a variety of molybdenum shaped charge liners. Conventional forging and high energy rate forming (HERF) have been used to produce a variety molybdenum shaped charge liner preforms including hemispheres, cones and trumpets. Most liner forgings exhibited good formability using both conventional forging and HERF processing. Liner forgings have been fabricated from are cast and powder metallurgy molybdenum, as well as one from a single crystal. Grain size and geometry have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Neutron diffraction has been used to investigate material texture through samples taken from the base and apex regions for some of the liner forgings. Tensile tests have been used to investigate low rate material strength and ductility. Hopkinson bar testing has been used to develop Johnson-Cook, Zerilli-Armstrong and MTS material models. Long standoff triple flash radiography was used to evaluate overall jet ductility. All the designs produce experimental jet tip velocities in close agreement with modeling, typically near 12.0 Km/s. Experimental trends of jet ductility were observed with proper material selection and thermomechanical conditioning producing excellent jet ductility. C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Baker, EL (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-411-9 PY 1998 BP 173 EP 182 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM05V UT WOS:000077533600013 ER PT S AU Patil, AS AF Patil, AS GP INT INST REFRIGERAT INT INST REFRIGERAT TI Natural working fluids - Military advantages and opportunities SO NATURAL WORKING FLUIDS'98: IIR - GUSTAV LORENTZEN CONFERENCE SE REFRIGERATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids 98 CY JUN 02-05, 1998 CL OSLO, NORWAY SP Int Inst Refrigerat, Hydro, OLJE OG Energidepartementet, CARE Refrigerat, Danfoss, COSTAN Refrigerat, Sabroe Refrigerat A S, Kenmore Int, Glava A S, a s Finsam Int Inc, Techno Consult as, Sabroe Kulde A S, Gjettum a s, Gram Refrigerat, Dorin, Skarland Press a s AB Today's US Army is continually evolving, and weapon system platforms are becoming more complex. More equipment is mounted in existing spaces. The emphasis is on battlefield digitization and the practical result is the increased need for cooling. The ever-increasing demands for cooling and the constraints imposed by other mission requirements make cooling technology both more critical and more difficult to design. Unique system challenges face the Army environmental design team. Some of these are common to our industry counterparts, such as the goals of high energy efficiency and the need to employ environmentally friendly refrigerants. In addition, compact, lightweight systems allow deployment flexibility. These objectives must be achieved without sacrificing military-unique features such as: ruggedness; high temperature operation; nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) survivability; and non-detectability, Reliability and ease of maintainability are paramount. And, as outlined above, temperature extremes to be overcome generally outpace those seen in the commercial sector. Today's Army also faces increasing issues of affordability, and the ability to capture commercial technology and use off-the-shelf componentry is essential to control costs. The system integration challenge is to balance these competing forces to arrive at optimal designs. As one of the natural refrigerants, CO2 is receiving strong consideration for military applications due to its high volumetric capacity and the elimination of recovery and recycling equipment and procedures. The Army strategy is to develop a prototype within three years with specific design and performance goals. The US military is uniquely positioned to support new, challenging research to develop CO2 on the basis of life cycle costs rather than initial acquisition cost alone. C1 USA, CECOM, RD&E Ctr, AMSEL,RD,C2,PS,E, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Patil, AS (reprint author), USA, CECOM, RD&E Ctr, AMSEL,RD,C2,PS,E, 10108 Gridley Rd,Suite 1, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST REFRIGERATION PI PARIS PA 177 BLVD MALESHERBES, F-75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0151-1637 BN 2-903633-97-5 J9 REFR SCI T PY 1998 VL 1998 IS 4 BP 293 EP 296 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BM75Y UT WOS:000079703100027 ER PT S AU Manzione, JA AF Manzione, JA GP INT INST REFRIGERAT INT INST REFRIGERAT TI Development of carbon dioxide Environmental Control Unit for the US Army SO NATURAL WORKING FLUIDS'98: IIR - GUSTAV LORENTZEN CONFERENCE SE REFRIGERATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids 98 CY JUN 02-05, 1998 CL OSLO, NORWAY SP Int Inst Refrigerat, Hydro, OLJE OG Energidepartementet, CARE Refrigerat, Danfoss, COSTAN Refrigerat, Sabroe Refrigerat A S, Kenmore Int, Glava A S, a s Finsam Int Inc, Techno Consult as, Sabroe Kulde A S, Gjettum a s, Gram Refrigerat, Dorin, Skarland Press a s AB This paper examines the application and distribution of current fluorocarbon-based unitary type environmental control units now fielded within the US Army. Potential improvements in Army mobility based on anticipated Environmental Control Unit (ECU) weight and volume savings are addressed. Reduction in logistics burden associated with test, measurement, and diagnostic equipment is evaluated. A developmental strategy to field a new generation of ECUs based on the natural refrigerant CO2 is presented. Current Army-sponsored research efforts are highlighted and results to date are presented. These include system modeling at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), system and component modeling at Purdue University's Herrick Laboratories, measurement of heat transfer correlations for supercritical CO2 at the Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and second-generation prototype compressor development at the University of Maryland's Center for Environmental Energy Engineering (CEEE). C1 USA, CECOM, RD&E Ctr, AMSEL,RD,C2,PS,E, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Manzione, JA (reprint author), USA, CECOM, RD&E Ctr, AMSEL,RD,C2,PS,E, 10108 Gridley Rd,Suite 1, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST REFRIGERATION PI PARIS PA 177 BLVD MALESHERBES, F-75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0151-1637 BN 2-903633-97-5 J9 REFR SCI T PY 1998 VL 1998 IS 4 BP 297 EP 302 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BM75Y UT WOS:000079703100028 ER PT J AU Luo, C Saxena, A Ashani, Y Frazier, S Doctor, BP AF Luo, C Saxena, A Ashani, Y Frazier, S Doctor, BP TI Rabbit serum panaoxonase hydrolyses phosphoryl-oxime formed during reactivation of organophosphate-inhibited acetylcholinesterase conjugates SO NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Israel Inst Biol Res, IL-70450 Ness Ziona, Israel. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0028-1298 J9 N-S ARCH PHARMACOL JI Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. PY 1998 VL 358 IS 1 SU 1 MA P519 BP R88 EP R88 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 107KV UT WOS:000075207700314 ER PT J AU Millard, CB Koellner, G Ordentlich, A Shafferman, A Silman, I Sussman, JL AF Millard, CB Koellner, G Ordentlich, A Shafferman, A Silman, I Sussman, JL TI Crystal structure of acetylcholinesterase from Torpedo californica inhibited with the nerve agent VX SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Neurobiol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Struct Biol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Israel Inst Biol Res, IL-74100 Ness Ziona, Israel. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PY 1998 SU 51 BP S29 EP S29 PG 1 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 147RT UT WOS:000077512200126 ER PT B AU Lake, DE Keenan, DM AF Lake, DE Keenan, DM BE Li, F TI Maximum likelihood estimation of geodesic subspace trajectories using approximate methods and stochastic optimization SO NINTH IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP ON STATISTICAL SIGNAL AND ARRAY PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE Signal Processing Workshop on Statistical Signal and Array Processing (SSAP98) CY SEP 14-16, 1998 CL PORTLAND, OR SP IEEE AB Signal subspace methods are widely used in array processing and other applications. Traditionally, these methods require that the subspace is stationary (i.e., fixed) over the time window being analyzed. For many applications, the subspace is significantly time-varying because of, for example, the dynamics of the array and/or target motion Recently, a geometric-based model of subspace trajectories based on geodesics on the Grassmann manifold has been developed for these nonstationary cases. In this paper, some approximate methods for the maximum likelihood estimation of geodesic subspace trajectories are presented as part of a global stochastic optimization approach These methods are demonstrated on real Army battlefield acoustic sensor data, with some promising preliminary results. C1 AMSRL SE SA, Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lake, DE (reprint author), AMSRL SE SA, Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5010-3 PY 1998 BP 148 EP 151 DI 10.1109/SSAP.1998.739356 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BM16N UT WOS:000077871800038 ER PT B AU Lake, DE AF Lake, DE BE Li, F TI Tracking fundamental frequency for synchronous mechanical diagnostic signal processing SO NINTH IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP ON STATISTICAL SIGNAL AND ARRAY PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE Signal Processing Workshop on Statistical Signal and Array Processing (SSAP98) CY SEP 14-16, 1998 CL PORTLAND, OR SP IEEE AB Vibrational and acoustic signatures of rotating machinery are often dominated by harmonics of a fundamental frequency related to the rotation speed (i.e. RPM) of one or more of the machines components. Many standard signal processing approaches such as cyclostationary models are developed assuming a constant fundamental frequency, Even slight variations in the RPM can cause significant reduction in signal processing gain and fault detection/classification performance. In this paper, methods to track fundamental frequency developed originally for Army battlefield acoustic signatures are presented, analyzed and applied to the NRaD firepump dataset. In additon, a visual aid technique, termed the cyclostationary image is presented that provides insight into the fundamental frequency variations and features of the time domain signature. C1 AMSRL SE SA, Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lake, DE (reprint author), AMSRL SE SA, Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5010-3 PY 1998 BP 200 EP 203 DI 10.1109/SSAP.1998.739369 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BM16N UT WOS:000077871800051 ER PT B AU Swami, A Sadler, B AF Swami, A Sadler, B BE Li, F TI Cramer-Rao bounds for step-change localization in additive and multiplicative noise SO NINTH IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP ON STATISTICAL SIGNAL AND ARRAY PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE Signal Processing Workshop on Statistical Signal and Array Processing (SSAP98) CY SEP 14-16, 1998 CL PORTLAND, OR SP IEEE AB We derive Cramer-Rao bounds for the parameters of a step change observed in additive and multiplicative noise. In order to satisfy regularity conditions, we model the step change by a smooth function, parameterized by a rise-time parameter, cs. Closed-form expressions for the large sample bound are obtained for several special cases. These bounds can be used to assess the performance of various estimators proposed in the literature. C1 AMSRL, IS, TA, Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Swami, A (reprint author), AMSRL, IS, TA, Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5010-3 PY 1998 BP 403 EP 406 DI 10.1109/SSAP.1998.739420 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BM16N UT WOS:000077871800102 ER PT B AU Burkins, M Hansen, J Paige, J Turner, P AF Burkins, M Hansen, J Paige, J Turner, P BE Froes, FHS Allen, PG Niinomi, M TI Effect of thermomechanical processing on the ballistic performance of titanium SO NON-AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS OF TITANIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 TMS Annual Meeting on Non-Aerospace Applications of Titanium CY FEB 16-19, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Div Struct Mat AB Although titanium alloys have been well characterized for aerospace uses, they are not well characterized for use in armor systems. In an effort to provide increased information to armored vehicle designers, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and the U.S. Department of Energy's Albany Research Center (ALRC) performed a joint research program to evaluate the effect of thermomechanical processing on the ballistic limit velocity for an extra-low interstitial (ELI) grade of Ti-6Al-4V. ALRC obtained MIL-T-9046J, AB-2 plates from RMI Titanium Company, rolled these plates to final thickness, performed the annealing, and collected mechanical and microstructural information. ARL then tested the plates with 20-mm fragment-simulating projectiles (FSPs) and 12.7-mm armor-piercing (AP) M2 bullets in order to determine the ballistic limit velocity of each plate. Titanium processing and annealing did have an effect on the ballistic limit velocity, but the magnitude of the effect depended on which penetrator was used. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Burkins, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-394-5 PY 1998 BP 273 EP 280 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL56E UT WOS:000075891500028 ER PT B AU Wells, MGH Roopchand, B Montgomery, JS Gooch, WS AF Wells, MGH Roopchand, B Montgomery, JS Gooch, WS BE Froes, FHS Allen, PG Niinomi, M TI Titanium applications and R&D for army ground systems SO NON-AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS OF TITANIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 TMS Annual Meeting on Non-Aerospace Applications of Titanium CY FEB 16-19, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Div Struct Mat AB There is a continuing critical need to reduce the weight of military ground vehicles and gun systems. Titanium alloys are ideal candidates for integral armor/vehicle structure applications because of their high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent ballistic performance compared with steel and aluminum alloys, Existing and projected applications of titanium on the M1 Abrams main battle tank, the M2 Bradley Fighting Vehicle, the new lightweight 155 mm Towed Howitzer and future systems will be reviewed. On-going research and development work to reduce cost both of the initial material and component fabrication will also be discussed, These latter activities include the relaxation of aerospace material specification requirements, the evaluation of a single melt Ti-6Al-4V electron-beam hearth-melted ingot, the effect of oxygen content in Ti-6Al-4V on mechanical properties and ballistic performance to permit the use of lower cost raw materials, and plate cutting and welding studies. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Wells, MGH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-394-5 PY 1998 BP 289 EP 296 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL56E UT WOS:000075891500030 ER PT B AU Wells, MGH Roopchand, B Froes, FHS Senkov, ON Reichman, S AF Wells, MGH Roopchand, B Froes, FHS Senkov, ON Reichman, S BE Froes, FHS Allen, PG Niinomi, M TI Evaluation of a Russian titanium tank door SO NON-AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS OF TITANIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 TMS Annual Meeting on Non-Aerospace Applications of Titanium CY FEB 16-19, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Div Struct Mat AB The microstructure and mechanical properties of Russian titanium tank doors located in Oremet Metallurgical Corp.'s scrap yard were evaluated. The doors consisted of two alloys - nominally Ti-6Al-5V ("6-5") and Ti-5Al-2V ("5-2") used inter-changeably to fabricate individual doors. The door evaluated in detail in the present work was the "5-2" alloy consisting of a beta worked micro-structure, with the yield stress of 610 MPa, ultimate tensile stress of 690 MPa, elongation of 10.6 %, and elastic modulus of 112.5 GPa. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Wells, MGH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012; OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0002-9336-3702; Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-394-5 PY 1998 BP 305 EP 313 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL56E UT WOS:000075891500032 ER PT S AU Goedert, R Becker, R Clements, A Whittaker, T AF Goedert, R Becker, R Clements, A Whittaker, T BE Lawson, CM TI An overview of the shadowgraphic imaging technique & results for various materials SO NONLINEAR OPTICAL LIQUIDS FOR POWER LIMITING AND IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Optical Liquids for Power Limiting and Imaging CY JUL 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE optical nonlinear materials; shadowgraph; imagery; bubble; shock waves; laser-induced breakdown ID LIQUIDS AB Magnified imagery of the focal volume within a nonlinear material, following the arrival of a high power laser pulse, provides insights on the response of the material. Emitted and scattered light images are presented along with time-resolved shadowgraphs (obtained through a pump-probe scheme) showing the response from various limiting materials in both liquid and solid hosts. The different types of images taken together make it possible to determine what occurs and where it occurs within the limiting material. Often unsuspected phenomena are found to be important. Conclusions from the data and the general utility of the technique are discussed. C1 USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Goedert, R (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, MS 263, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2927-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3472 BP 2 EP 12 DI 10.1117/12.326872 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BM32Z UT WOS:000078396600001 ER PT S AU Miller, MJ Mott, AG Ketchel, BP AF Miller, MJ Mott, AG Ketchel, BP BE Lawson, CM TI General optical limiting requirements SO NONLINEAR OPTICAL LIQUIDS FOR POWER LIMITING AND IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Optical Liquids for Power Limiting and Imaging CY JUL 22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE optical limiting; sensor protection; requirements; lasers; nonlinear optics ID LIMITERS; ABSORPTION; PULSES AB The purpose of this paper is to discuss the general unclassified requirements for optical limiting devices and materials that might be used to protect U.S. military personnel and equipment from damaging laser radiation. Many researchers who consider working in this area are not familiar with the basic requirements that the U.S, military have for any material or device that would be fielded. This paper will attempt to set a general guideline for researchers in the field. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Miller, MJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 22 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2927-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3472 BP 24 EP 29 DI 10.1117/12.326887 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BM32Z UT WOS:000078396600003 ER PT J AU Rogers, CJ Buck, MC AF Rogers, CJ Buck, MC TI The Scottish invasion of 1346 (A preliminary to the battle of Neville's Cross during the Hundred-Years-War) SO NORTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Article C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Rogers, CJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV LEEDS PI LEEDS PA SCHOOL OF HISTORY, LEEDS, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND LS2 9JT SN 0078-172X J9 NORTHERN HIST JI North. Hist. PY 1998 VL 34 BP 51 EP 82 PG 32 WC History SC History GA 127DU UT WOS:000076335900004 ER PT B AU Gunter, D Letherwood, M AF Gunter, D Letherwood, M BE Wallace, JW Steinman, J Davani, D Elizandro, D TI Object oriented simulation and acquisition reform SO OBJECT-ORIENTED SIMULATION CONFERENCE (OOS'98) AND THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIMULATION AND MULTIMEDIA IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION (ICSEE'98), PROCEEDINGS OF LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Object-Oriented Simulation Conference/International Conference on Simulation and Multimedia in Engineering Education at the 1998 Western MultiConference CY JAN 11-14, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int AB The US Army Tank-automotive and Armaments Command (TACOM) has the mission of procuring and managing the DOD ground vehicle fleet of both wheeled and tracked vehicles. The Army, in a push to stretch ever decreasing DOD dollars, has adopted DOD Acquisition Reform initiatives which include the elimination of much of the red tape required previously during vehicle system procurement processes. A result of these Reform initiatives is the reduction of time between the Army's issuance of a Request for Proposals (RFP) and eventual contract award. This paper describes the role Object Oriented Computer based Simulation (OOS) had on the Source Selection Evaluation Board (SSEB) for the Medium Tactical Truck Remanufacture (MTTR) Program. OOS played a large role in defining the requirement specification for the new vehicle system and was also utilized to analyze and Irate the prospective contractor's designs against the specification. This paper describes the Object Oriented methods utilized to achieve accurate, high resolution vehicle models that run near real time on SGI R10000 work stations, as well as the methods used to assess vehicle performance on the "Virtual Proving Ground" within the computer. C1 USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Gunter, D (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA BN 1-56555-142-7 PY 1998 BP 137 EP 142 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BN55E UT WOS:000082192200018 ER PT B AU Letherwood, MD Gunter, DD AF Letherwood, MD Gunter, DD BE Wallace, JW Steinman, J Davani, D Elizandro, D TI Model validation and vehicle dynamics analysis of a truck/trailer combination w/rigid payloads SO OBJECT-ORIENTED SIMULATION CONFERENCE (OOS'98) AND THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIMULATION AND MULTIMEDIA IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION (ICSEE'98), PROCEEDINGS OF LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Object-Oriented Simulation Conference/International Conference on Simulation and Multimedia in Engineering Education at the 1998 Western MultiConference CY JAN 11-14, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE computer-aided analysis; DADS; validation; military; instrumentation AB This report describes an effort by the US Army TACOM-TARDEC to develop, validate, and simulate a high-resolution, computer-based Dynamic Analysis & Design Systems (DADS) model of a modified 7 1/2 Ton trailer, being towed by a Medium Tactical Truck (MTT) in order to investigate the trailer's dynamic performance. The DADS computer program is a highly-detailed, general-purpose modeling and simulation method for determining the spatial, transient-dynamic response of controlled, articulated multi-body mechanical systems subject to excitation by irregular external and internal forces and disturbances. Engineers were tasked to investigate and quantify the dynamic roll and yaw stability while making design changes and then simulate over a wide range of vehicle speeds and operating conditions. The trailer has been specially modified to transport a containerized kitchen (CK), and has recently experienced a roll over during preliminary field testing. It was theorized that the rollover was due to yaw instability rather than a roll instability, and was the result of the trailer sliding towards the outside of the turn, which caused a high yaw angle relative to the truck. The US Army considers the trailer /CK combination to have good roll stability properties and believes that specific design changes to improve the yaw stability of the trailer could be easily implemented now, since the trailer is in its' early design stages. Specifically. it was suggested that moving the tandem axles rearward with respect to the chassis and CK. hence. resulting in the center of gravity (CG) of the trailer /CK being translated a greater distance in front of the axles. Therefore, the US Army decided to use modeling and simulation to investigate the dynamic performance of the MTT/ trailer/ CK system (see figure I)while moving the tandem codes rearward and analyzing the overall performance of the system in reaction to these changes both on- and off-road. Since this would be a very costly and time consuming endeavor using a physical system in the field, modeling and simulation became the obvious choice to evaluate these configuration changes on total system performance. This report documents the effort to validate the model by direct comparison of model simulation results to hardware field-test results, and to conduct a follow-on design sensitivity analysis and investigation. The objective of this effort was to collect field and laboratory test data to support the development and validation of high resolution, spatial, computer-based MTT/trailer/CK analytical models and, subsequently, use those validated models to accurately predict system performance for a follow-on design analysis and investigation. Prior to the simulation analysis, a set of carefully controlled and instrumented field tests were conducted at TACOM-TARDEC to understand inherent stability problems and to collect instrumented data to validate the dynamic models. C1 USA, Tank Automot Command Res Dev & Engn Ctr, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Letherwood, MD (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot Command Res Dev & Engn Ctr, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA BN 1-56555-142-7 PY 1998 BP 143 EP 148 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BN55E UT WOS:000082192200019 ER PT J AU Elkas, J Gray, K Howard, L Petit, N Pohl, J Armstrong, A AF Elkas, J Gray, K Howard, L Petit, N Pohl, J Armstrong, A TI The effects of tamoxifen on endometrial insulin-like growth factor-1 expression SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Clinical Meeting of the American-College-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY APR 26-30, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA SP Amer Coll Obstet & Gynecol ID SYSTEM GENE-EXPRESSION; FACTOR-I; PROLIFERATION; UTERUS AB Objective: To determine whether modulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 expression underlies the uterotropic effects associated with tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Methods: Using immunohistochemical techniques, we analyzed 37 endometrial specimens from biopsies (n = 18) or hysterectomies (n = 19) for Ki-67, insulin-like growth factor-1, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 expression. Specifically, five secretory-and three proliferative-phase endometrial specimens were used as controls; 20 specimens (including two endometrial adenocarcinomas) were analyzed from postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen (20 mg/day) for at least 6 months; and nine endometrial adenocarcinoma specimens from patients not treated with tamoxifen were studied. Intensity of immunostaining was quantified using digitized imaging techniques. Results: Insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor-1-binding protein-1 were found to be expressed in normal and neoplastic endometrium of all patients, regardless of tamoxifen treatment. However, insulin-like growth factor-1 expression varied cyclically in histologically normal endometrium, was reduced in undifferentiated endometrial tumors, and was upregulated in tamoxifen-treated specimens. insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 immunostaining did not vary during the menstrual cycle, but it was reduced significantly in benign tamoxifen-exposed tissue and endometrial adenocarcinomas, regardless of degree of differentiation or tamoxifen exposure. No correlation was found between the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 and the proliferative indices of the tissues examined. Conclusion: The expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 in the uterus supports an autocrine and/or paracrine role for these proteins in endometrial physiology. Although further studies are needed, our investigation suggests that altered expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 may contribute to the uterotropic effects of tamoxifen. C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Div Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Elkas, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Room 24-127 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 91 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00549-8 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA YP061 UT WOS:000071237300009 PM 9464719 ER PT B AU Johnson, BH Wang, HV AF Johnson, BH Wang, HV GP MTS MTS TI Application of a 3D hydrodynamic model in a water quality study of Chesapeake Bay SO OCEAN COMMUNITY CONFERENCE'98: CELEBRATING 1998 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE OCEAN, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Marine-Technology-Society Annual Conference CY NOV 16-19, 1998 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Marine Technol Soc AB A three-dimensional numerical (3D) hydrodynamic model of Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries (Fig. I)has been developed to provide now fields and turbulence diffusion coefficients to a 3D water quality model. The water quality model is an eutrophication model that includes living resources, e.g., submerged aquatic vegetation and benthos. The water quality model is being used to predict impacts on the water quality of the bay and its tributaries as a result of various scenarios, e.g., reductions in point source loadings of nutrients into the bay. The 3D hydrodynamic model is an extension of an earlier model of the bay developed by Johnson, et. al., (1991) and is referred to as the CH3D-WES (Curvilinear Hydrodynamics in 3 Dimensions Waterways Experiment Station) model. The latest modeling effort includes refined grids in tributaries such as the James, York, and Rappahannock Rivers, coupling with the continental shelf coupling with a hydrologic model of the Chesapeake Bay Basin, and a k-e vertical turbulence model. Model verification has employed field data collected during 1985-87 by the Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences (VIMS) as well as data collected under the Chesapeake Bay Program. During the verification effort, the focus was on demonstrating that the model could reproduce those processes that are crucial in water quality modeling, i.e., vertical mixing, stratification, long-term transport as reflected through the reproduction of residual currents, and the proper transport through the bay's mouth. The verified model was then applied to provide 10 years of hydrodynamics for input to the 3D water quality model. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Johnson, BH (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-21-1 PY 1998 BP 1155 EP 1159 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BP21L UT WOS:000084418300227 ER PT B AU Hughes, SA Sobey, RJ AF Hughes, SA Sobey, RJ BE Zhang, J TI Irregular wave kinematics from PUV gauge SO OCEAN WAVE KINEMATICS, DYNAMICS AND LOADS ON STRUCTURES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International OTRC Symposium on Ocean Wave Kinematics, Dynamics and Loads on Structures (WAVE 98) CY APR 30-MAY 01, 1998 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Offshore Technol Res Ctr, Amer Soc Civil Engineers ID LEAST-SQUARES ALGORITHM AB A nonlinear theory is presented for time-domain interpretation of PUV time-series records measured beneath multidirectional, irregular waves in the presence of a. uniform current of known magnitude and direction. The theory imposes a local Fourier approximation in a narrow moving local window while satisfying the complete nonlinear kinematic and dynamic free surface boundary conditions. Therefore, predictions of sea surface elevation and directional kinematics throughout the water column accurately portray the actual nonlinear character of the waves. The analysis method can be applied using PUV time series as short as an individual wave. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Hughes, SA (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0336-8 PY 1998 BP 48 EP 55 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN83X UT WOS:000083146200007 ER PT B AU Lin, LW AF Lin, LW BE Zhang, J TI Numerical modeling of storm waves for Hurricanes Erin and Felix SO OCEAN WAVE KINEMATICS, DYNAMICS AND LOADS ON STRUCTURES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International OTRC Symposium on Ocean Wave Kinematics, Dynamics and Loads on Structures (WAVE 98) CY APR 30-MAY 01, 1998 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Offshore Technol Res Ctr, Amer Soc Civil Engineers AB This paper compares numerically computed results of storm waves for Hurricanes Erin and Felix from the 1995 Atlantic hurricanes season. Two wave models, WISWAVE and HWAVE, were used for the computation of hurricane waves. Both models are based on discrete directional spectral method using a finite-difference, time-dependent scheme to calculate wave generation, propagation, and dissipation under wind and wave interactions. WISWAVE is a second generation model that has been used by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to generate wave hindcast information along all coastlines of the U.S. HWAVE was modified from WISWAVE with wind and wave interaction terms being recalibrated based upon data that are heavily influenced by tropical events. Comparison of model performance upon Hurricanes Erin and Felix showed that HWAVE is more efficient and accurate for prediction of hurricane waves than WISWAVE. This comparison showed that HWAVE generally uses less CPU time and computer memory than WISWAVE. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, CEWES CN C, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Lin, LW (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, CEWES CN C, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0336-8 PY 1998 BP 321 EP 333 PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN83X UT WOS:000083146200038 ER PT B AU Ward, DL Zhang, J Wibner, CG AF Ward, DL Zhang, J Wibner, CG BE Zhang, J TI Effects of onshore winds on velocity of wave runup SO OCEAN WAVE KINEMATICS, DYNAMICS AND LOADS ON STRUCTURES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International OTRC Symposium on Ocean Wave Kinematics, Dynamics and Loads on Structures (WAVE 98) CY APR 30-MAY 01, 1998 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Offshore Technol Res Ctr, Amer Soc Civil Engineers ID BREAKING WAVES AB A physical model study investigated effects on runup on coastal structures of the strong onshore winds usually associated with design storm conditions. This paper examines runup velocities at the beginning of runup and midway between elevation of maximum rundown and maximum runup, it is found that runup velocities at the onset of runup in the presence of wind are higher than without wind for similar incident wave conditions. indicating that a stronger surface current is created after wave breaking under the influence of wind Wind sheer effects directly on the runup bore appear to have little effect on runup velocities. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ward, DL (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, CN-S,3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0336-8 PY 1998 BP 478 EP 485 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN83X UT WOS:000083146200056 ER PT B AU Smith, TD Williams, GL AF Smith, TD Williams, GL BE Edge, BL Hemsley, JM TI Wave height transformation over nearshore berms SO OCEAN WAVE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Ocean Wave Measurement and Analysis (WAVES 97) CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Coastal Zone Fdn, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal Zone Management omm, Waves & Wave Forces Comm, Rubble Mound Struct Comm AB Nearshore berms are mechanically placed as stable or active profile features. Active nearshore berms are designed to provide material to the beach profile. Within the active profile, increasing placement depth diminishes the percentage of placed material moving landward to enhance the profile (McLellan, 1990). The optimum construction depth for ensuring that the berm will be active varies with sediment type and incident wave climate. Nearshore berms designed and constructed as stable, quasi-permanent features can serve as long-term protection to beaches. A stable berm's crest elevation must be high enough to selectively filter erosive waves as they propagate landward. By allowing accretionary waves to pass unhindered while inducing breaking of erosive waves, such features can provide beach stabilization. Research indicates that the height of the nearshore berm crest (h(c)), above the seafloor should be about half the local water depth (d(s)) or less to remain stable. Increasing crest width has shown to improve wave breaking ability and reduce wave heights in the lee of nearshore berms. Stability and wave-filtering capabilities are ultimately a function of placement depth, crest elevation, crest width, grain size, placement method, and incident wave climate. The work presented in this paper focuses on wave transformation over stable nearshore berms. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Jacksonville, FL 32202 USA. RP Smith, TD (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, POB 4970, Jacksonville, FL 32202 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0346-5 PY 1998 BP 78 EP 91 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Mechanics; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mechanics; Water Resources GA BN85F UT WOS:000083193400006 ER PT B AU Bratos, SM AF Bratos, SM BE Edge, BL Hemsley, JM TI Comparison of 3G (WAM) and 2G (WISWAVE) wave models in deep water SO OCEAN WAVE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Ocean Wave Measurement and Analysis (WAVES 97) CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Coastal Zone Fdn, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal Zone Management omm, Waves & Wave Forces Comm, Rubble Mound Struct Comm AB Second generation spectral wave models have been used for the past 20 years for forecasting and hindcasting and still provide useful results for synoptic scale winds fields. In last ten years use of third generation models has grown. These models are now used at most wave forecasting centers around the world. In this study the deep water performance of the second generation (2G) model, WISWAVE (Hubertz 1992), and the third generation (3G) model, WAM (WAMDI 1988), is investigated. High-quality wind fields, with detailed spatial and temporal resolution, were used to force both models in an effort to isolate differences between their formulations. Time series and statistics of wave parameters as well as 2-D spectral statistics were used to compare the model results to NDBC buoy measurements over a variety of meteorological conditions. C1 USAE, Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Bratos, SM (reprint author), USAE, Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0346-5 PY 1998 BP 92 EP 106 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Mechanics; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mechanics; Water Resources GA BN85F UT WOS:000083193400007 ER PT B AU Williams, GL AF Williams, GL BE Edge, BL Hemsley, JM TI Wave kinematics near a submerged unrestrained cylinder SO OCEAN WAVE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Ocean Wave Measurement and Analysis (WAVES 97) CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Coastal Zone Fdn, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal Zone Management omm, Waves & Wave Forces Comm, Rubble Mound Struct Comm AB Research on the movement of submerged unexploded ordnance is being conducted to develop predictive techniques for characterizing the movement mechanisms and the distance and direction of movement in marine environments. Laboratory experiments were conducted with cylinders to document conditions causing movement. Fixed-cylinder rests were then conducted to examine the flow field patterns around the cylinder for both the moving and non-moving cases. Comparisons of the theoretical and measured wave kinematics shows that velocity magnitude alone is not sufficient criteria ro define the moving/non-moving condition. Dye studies also indicate that vortex separation is more prominent for the moving conditions than the non-moving conditions. These observations confirm the importance of the Keulegan-Carpenter number in this research. C1 USAE, Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Williams, GL (reprint author), USAE, Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0346-5 PY 1998 BP 151 EP 165 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Mechanics; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mechanics; Water Resources GA BN85F UT WOS:000083193400011 ER PT B AU Smith, SJ Harkins, GS AF Smith, SJ Harkins, GS BE Edge, BL Hemsley, JM TI Numerical wave model evaluations using laboratory data SO OCEAN WAVE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Ocean Wave Measurement and Analysis (WAVES 97) CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Coastal Zone Fdn, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal Zone Management omm, Waves & Wave Forces Comm, Rubble Mound Struct Comm ID WATER-WAVES AB Numerical wave models are used to estimate wave transformation over irregular bathymetry for a variety of coastal engineering problems. In using these tools, coastal engineers require knowledge of the performance, limits of application, and expected errors of such models. A 1:100 scale physical model of Ponce De Leon inlet, Florida was utilized to obtain a wave transformation data set for model evaluation using both monochromatic and spectral wave conditions covering a range of wave periods and directions. Wave height data were collected along two linear arrays consisting of twelve gauges each, spaced at a prototype interval of 100 meters. The numerical wave models RCPWAVE, REF/DIF 1, and STWAVE are commonly used by the US Army Corps of Engineers for coastal design problems and were selected for this evaluation on that basis. Each model is evaluated against the measured data and characteristics and trends of each model are discussed. STWAVE estimates of wave height are found to most closely represent the measured data, and RCPWAVE and REF/DIF are found to overestimate wave heights, especially at the nearshore array. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Smith, SJ (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0346-5 PY 1998 BP 271 EP 285 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Mechanics; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mechanics; Water Resources GA BN85F UT WOS:000083193400020 ER PT B AU Cialone, MA Seabergh, WC AF Cialone, MA Seabergh, WC BE Edge, BL Hemsley, JM TI Effects on wave transformation at a tidal inlet SO OCEAN WAVE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Ocean Wave Measurement and Analysis (WAVES 97) CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Coastal Zone Fdn, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal Zone Management omm, Waves & Wave Forces Comm, Rubble Mound Struct Comm AB As part of a monitoring study of project improvements at Barnegat Inlet, New Jersey, a directional wave gauge was placed oceanward and a pressure gauge was placed shoreward of the ebb shoal. The gauges were operated simultaneously for a 6-month period. In addition, an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler was installed in the inlet for one month to measure tidal currents. From these data and numerical model simulations, the effects of the ebb shoal and tidal currents on wave transformation at an inlet entrance were investigated. For larger waves (>1.5 m), bathymetry and water level have the strongest influence on wave transformation. The influence of tidal currents is most prevalent for smaller (< 1 m) waves. Smaller waves increase in wave height 10% more for ebb currents than flood currents. Frequency analysis shows energy dissipation over the ebb shoal is usually greatest at the peak frequency with some energy gains at the higher harmonics. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Cialone, MA (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, 3930 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0346-5 PY 1998 BP 585 EP 599 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Mechanics; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mechanics; Water Resources GA BN85F UT WOS:000083193400044 ER PT B AU Thompson, EF Hubertz, JM Teague, WJ AF Thompson, EF Hubertz, JM Teague, WJ BE Edge, BL Hemsley, JM TI Satellite application to Gulf of Mexico hindcasts SO OCEAN WAVE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Ocean Wave Measurement and Analysis (WAVES 97) CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Coastal Zone Fdn, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal Zone Management omm, Waves & Wave Forces Comm, Rubble Mound Struct Comm AB Wave data from altimeter measurements on the TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite are described. Data from 1994-5 in the Gulf of Mexico are paired in time and spatial location with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers wave hindcasts. Satellite data and hindcast significant wave height estimates are compared. Satellite data is a promising source of information for improving hindcasts, especially in constricted locations where hindcasting is more difficult. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, CEWES, CN C, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Thompson, EF (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, CEWES, CN C, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0346-5 PY 1998 BP 925 EP 931 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Mechanics; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mechanics; Water Resources GA BN85F UT WOS:000083193400071 ER PT B AU Lin, LW Hubertz, J AF Lin, LW Hubertz, J BE Edge, BL Hemsley, JM TI Comparison of intermediate-water directional wave data measured from PUV gages and ocean buoys SO OCEAN WAVE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Ocean Wave Measurement and Analysis (WAVES 97) CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Coastal Zone Fdn, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal Zone Management omm, Waves & Wave Forces Comm, Rubble Mound Struct Comm AB Directional wave data measured from two PUV gages and two ocean buoys in the intermediate water about 10 miles offshore of St. Marys Entrance, Georgia, were intercompared. These PUV gages and ocean buoys were closely located with each other, with the longest distance between two individual gage units being about 20 km. Since the PUV gages and ocean buoys were located in the intermediate water, where shallow water effects were still insignificant, the measured PUV and buoy data are ideal for comparison of consistency and accuracy of the data. Intercomparison of wave data was made for basic wave parameters including significant wave height, dominant wave period, and the corresponding mean wave direction. These comparisons showed good agreement for wave height and wave period measurements between the PUV gages and ocean buoys. However, less agreement was seen for the dominant wave directions between the PUV gages and ocean buoys. The larger difference in the measured directions is attributed to the difference in the PUV and buoy measuring systems as well as the stochastic theory and spectral analysis technique applied to the data. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, CEWESCNC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Lin, LW (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, CEWESCNC, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0346-5 PY 1998 BP 1196 EP 1212 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Mechanics; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mechanics; Water Resources GA BN85F UT WOS:000083193400091 ER PT B AU McGehee, DD Earle, MD AF McGehee, DD Earle, MD BE Edge, BL Hemsley, JM TI The Harvest Project phase 1 - HarvEx SO OCEAN WAVE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Ocean Wave Measurement and Analysis (WAVES 97) CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Coastal Zone Fdn, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal Zone Management omm, Waves & Wave Forces Comm, Rubble Mound Struct Comm ID WAVE; BUOY AB The Harvest Project consists of the Harvest Experiment (HarvEx), a four-month, co-located deployment of four different types of directional wave gages in a high energy environment, and the Harvest Intercomparison (HarvIn), a detailed statistical analysis that quantifies the uncertainty in analyzed wave data products. This paper describes HarvEx - the experimental design, the gages, the sampling and analysis plan, and the data products. A world-wide-web version of this report provides, in addition, all of the measured data in a retrievable medium. Measured time series, analyzed spectra, and reduced parameters can be viewed in tabular or graphical form, or downloaded for use by the engineering and research community. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP McGehee, DD (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0346-5 PY 1998 BP 1263 EP 1277 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Mechanics; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mechanics; Water Resources GA BN85F UT WOS:000083193400096 ER PT B AU Ward, DL Zhang, J Cinotto, CM Wibner, CG AF Ward, DL Zhang, J Cinotto, CM Wibner, CG BE Edge, BL Hemsley, JM TI Effects on runup of onshore winds and wave grouping SO OCEAN WAVE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Ocean Wave Measurement and Analysis (WAVES 97) CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Coastal Zone Fdn, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal Zone Management omm, Waves & Wave Forces Comm, Rubble Mound Struct Comm AB A physical model study sponsored by the US Army Corps of Engineers investigated effects on runup on coastal structures of the strong onshore winds usually associated with design storm conditions. Strong winds were shown to increase runup, particularly on steeply-sloped structures. However, it was found that the wind in the flume study changed the spectral shape of the incident wave train and may affect wave groupiness. This paper examines spectral shape in the frequency domain in terms of spectral width and peakedness parameters, and examines wave grouping in the time domain in terms of run length and number of runs with a run defined as number of consecutive wave heights greater than H-s. NO significant effects on runup are found over the range of spectral width parameter peakedness parameter, run length, or number of runs encountered in the test series. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ward, DL (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, CN-S,3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0346-5 PY 1998 BP 1425 EP 1439 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Mechanics; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mechanics; Water Resources GA BN85F UT WOS:000083193400109 ER PT B AU Walton, TL AF Walton, TL BE Edge, BL Hemsley, JM TI A relook at wave height statistics for engineering design SO OCEAN WAVE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Ocean Wave Measurement and Analysis (WAVES 97) CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Coastal Zone Fdn, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal Zone Management omm, Waves & Wave Forces Comm, Rubble Mound Struct Comm C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Walton, TL (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0346-5 PY 1998 BP 1440 EP 1456 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Mechanics; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mechanics; Water Resources GA BN85F UT WOS:000083193400110 ER PT J AU Meitzler, TJ Singh, H Arefeh, L Sohn, E Gerhart, GR AF Meitzler, TJ Singh, H Arefeh, L Sohn, E Gerhart, GR TI Predicting the probability of target detection in static infrared and visual scenes using the fuzzy logic approach SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE recognition techniques; fuzzy logic; target acquisition; signal detection theory; vision ID MODELING HUMAN SEARCH; ACQUISITION PERFORMANCE AB The probability of detection (Pd) of targets in static infrared and visually cluttered scenes is computed using the fuzzy logic approach (FLA). The FLA is presented as a robust method for the computation and prediction of the Pd of targets in cluttered scenes. The Mamdani/Assilian and Sugeno neuro-fuzzy-based models are investigated. A large set of infrared (IR) imagery and a limited set of visual imagery are used to model the relationships between several input parameters: the contrast, camouflage condition, range, aspect, width, and experimental Pd. The fuzzy and neuro-fuzzy models gave predicted Pd values that had 0.98 correlation to the experimental Pd's. The results obtained indicate the robustness of the fuzzy-based modeling techniques and the applicability of the FLA to those types of problems having to do with the modeling of human-in-the-loop target detection in any spectral regime. (C) 1988 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(98)00101-9]. C1 USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Warren, MI 48387 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Coll Engn & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Hebron, Israel. RP Meitzler, TJ (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Warren, MI 48387 USA. EM meitzlet@cc.tacom.army.mil; sohne@cc.tacom.army.mil; gerhartg@cc.tacom.army.mil RI Meitzler, Thomas/D-1065-2017 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA POB 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 37 IS 1 BP 10 EP 17 DI 10.1117/1.601849 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA YV001 UT WOS:000071778500003 ER PT S AU Shoop, BL AF Shoop, BL BE Chavel, P Miller, DAB Thienpont, H TI Photonic analog-to-digital converters SO OPTICS IN COMPUTING 98 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Optics in Computing 98 Meeting CY JUN 17-20, 1998 CL BRUGGE, BELGIUM SP European Opt Soc, Int Commiss Opt, IEEE, Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, Opt Soc Amer, Int Soc Opt Engn, USAF, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Newport, Melles Griot, Optilas, SCK CEN, Vrije Univ Brusell DE analog-to-digital conversion; A/D; optical A/D conversion; photonic A/D conversion AB Photonic-based A/D converters have received and continue to receive considerable attention as an alternative approach to providing increased resolution and speed in high-performance applications. C1 US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Shoop, BL (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2949-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3490 BP 252 EP 255 DI 10.1117/12.308935 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BL16G UT WOS:000074523000059 ER PT J AU Hall, DA Shoop, BL Loy, JR Tait, GB Ressler, EK Ahadian, JF Fonstad, CG AF Hall, DA Shoop, BL Loy, JR Tait, GB Ressler, EK Ahadian, JF Fonstad, CG TI Experimental demonstration of a 3 x 3 monolithically integrated smart pixel neural array based on epitaxy-on-electronics technology SO OPTICS & PHOTONICS NEWS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications Topical Meeting CY JUL 21-23, 1997 CL VICTORIA, CANADA C1 US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1047-6938 EI 1541-3721 J9 OPT PHOTONICS NEWS JI Opt. Photonics News PD JAN PY 1998 VL 9 IS 1 BP 48 EP 48 PG 1 GA YV592 UT WOS:000071841900023 ER PT S AU Tan, NCB Balogh, L Trevino, SF Tomalia, DA Lin, JS AF Tan, NCB Balogh, L Trevino, SF Tomalia, DA Lin, JS BE Laine, RM Sanchez, C Brinker, CJ Giannelis, E TI Characterization of dendrimer-based nanocomposites by SAXS and SANS SO ORGANIC/INORGANIC HYBRID MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials at the 1998 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Materials Res Soc (MRS) AB Dendritic polymers have been used as soluble templates/unimolecular reactors from which nano-clusters of inorganic compounds were synthesized. These organic/inorganic, dendrimer-based hybrid species or "nanocomposites" display unusual properties, i.e., their solubility is determined by the properties of the dendrimer molecules. Since it has been established that there is no covalent bond between the dendrimer host and the inorganic guest, these observations suggest that the guests are physically and spatially restricted by the dendrimer shell. However, this structure has not been verified. In this investigation a preliminary understanding of the physical structure of these dendrimer-based nanocomposites was sought. A model system of PAMAM dendrimer-copper sulfide nanocomposites was studied in various stages of its formation using a combination of small angle X-ray and neutron scattering experiments. The results suggest that little perturbation of the dendritic species occurs on complexation, but indicate that a secondary supermolecular aggregation phenomena occurs within nanocomposite solutions. C1 USA, Res Lab, Div Mat, AMSRL,WM,MA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Tan, NCB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Div Mat, AMSRL,WM,MA, Bldg 4600, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. OI Balogh, Lajos/0000-0002-3115-0787 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-425-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 519 BP 143 EP 150 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Composites SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BM12K UT WOS:000077686600018 ER PT S AU Bloemer, MJ AF Bloemer, MJ BE Kafafi, ZH TI Transparent metal electrodes: The photonic band gap approach SO ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING MATERIALS AND DEVICES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices II CY JUL 21-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE transparent electrodes; thin films; photonic band gaps ID STOP BANDS; CRYSTALS; EDGE AB Several groups have been investigating the possibility of using one-dimensional photonic band gap (PBG) structures to make better reflectors. It was found that by using alternating layers of metal and dielectric, the reflectivity could be enhanced over the bulk metal for a narrow range of frequencies inside the gap. Alternately, we have recently demonstrated that these periodic metal/dielectric PBGs (MD-PBGs) have an unusually high transmittance in the pass band. It is possible to have a MD-PBG containing a total amount of metal of more than five optical skin depths thick, and yet maintain a transmittance of > 60% over the entire visible range of wavelengths. Due to the high conductivity of metals compared with semiconducting indium tin oxide films, the overall figure of merit for MD-PBGs can be much larger. In addition, the transmission band for the MD-PBGs can be designed to filter unwanted wavelengths and provide optimum color control. C1 USA, Weapons Sci Directorate, Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Bloemer, MJ (reprint author), USA, Weapons Sci Directorate, Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2931-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3476 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1117/12.332616 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BM33B UT WOS:000078397300024 ER PT J AU Rooney, RC Pitcher, JD AF Rooney, RC Pitcher, JD TI Granular-cell myoblastoma of the forearm SO ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article C1 Madigan Army Med Ctr, Orthoped Serv, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Rooney, RC (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Orthoped Surg Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0147-7447 J9 ORTHOPEDICS JI Orthopedics PD JAN PY 1998 VL 21 IS 1 BP 89 EP 90 PG 2 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA YT630 UT WOS:000071626300021 PM 9474638 ER PT B AU Nelson, R AF Nelson, R BE Nelson, R Gelish, A Mun, SK TI Technology tools for the year 2005: Supporting the nursing process SO PACIFIC MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Medical Technology Symposium (PACMEDTek) CY AUG 17-21, 1998 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Tripler Army Med Ctr AB Nursing informatics is a specialty in nursing that combines computer science, technology, and the nursing process to support the practice of nursing and the delivery of nursing care. Nursing informatics was only recently designated a specialty by the American Nursing Association (ANA) (in 1992) with the first certification exam offered in October of 1996. A significant benefit of nursing informatics is that if enables the nurse to take the technology, translate the use of the technology to direct-patient care, and communicate that translation to the clinicians who will use the tool. As certain projects demonstrate, such as project AKAMAI in the Pacific, we now have the ability to deliver care across distances, via devices in the home remote call centers, and sophisticated communication and technology advancements. A willingness to explore and use new technology fools to improve patient care delivery will be the challenges that nurses will have in the new millennium. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pacific Reg Program Off, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Nelson, R (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pacific Reg Program Off, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8667-7 PY 1998 BP 32 EP 34 DI 10.1109/PACMED.1998.767884 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BN33G UT WOS:000081642800004 ER PT B AU Floro, FC AF Floro, FC BE Nelson, R Gelish, A Mun, SK TI An overview of project AKAMAI SO PACIFIC MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Medical Technology Symposium (PACMEDTek) CY AUG 17-21, 1998 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Tripler Army Med Ctr AB Project AKAMAI is a congressionally mandated, Department of Defense (DOD) medical research and development program sponsored by Tripler Army Medical Center (TAMC), aimed at applying and assessing the value of telemedicine technologies. Located in the Pacific Region, the project faces the challenge of extreme distances and significant time zone differences. Project AKAMAI is committed to applying emerging technology with a clinical focus to enhance telemedicine and projecting the medical specialty expertise of Tripler to remote sites in the Pacific. This project has significant readiness and humanitarian implications in the region. TAMC is conducting ongoing telemedicine operations supporting the Federated Stares of Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Palau, Schofield Barracks, Honolulu VA, Hickam Air Force Base, Diego Garcia and multiple DOD sites in Korea and Japan. Additionally, AKAMAI is engaged in a variety of clinical research projects utilizing emerging technologies. Project AKAMAI is the definition phase of an eventual virtual hospital network servicing the entire Pacific Region and is working to verify a vision for 21st Century health care delivery. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pacific Reg Program Off, Project AKAMAI, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Floro, FC (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pacific Reg Program Off, Project AKAMAI, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8667-7 PY 1998 BP 35 EP 36 DI 10.1109/PACMED.1998.767886 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BN33G UT WOS:000081642800005 ER PT B AU Gelish, A AF Gelish, A BE Nelson, R Gelish, A Mun, SK TI Pacific medical network project - Pushing the edge of the envelope in information interoperability SO PACIFIC MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Medical Technology Symposium (PACMEDTek) CY AUG 17-21, 1998 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Tripler Army Med Ctr AB In this age of client / server, distributed objects, the Internet, and legacy applications, heterogeneous systems are a fact of life. The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), Military Health System (MHS) has their share. The DoD Healthcare Information System (HIS) is the Composite Health Care System (CHCS), a MUMPS (Multi-user micro-electromechanical Processes Systems) based application. The CHCS at each DoD site has a unique database file and table making data sharing impossible. This uniqueness makes interoperability complex. Adding to the complexity are the numerous advances in information technology that have occurred since CHCS was created Further complicating these interoperability efforts is the need to share health care information across the DoD and Department of Veteran's Affairs: The Department of Veteran Affairs HIS, Veterans Information System Technology Architecture (VistA) is another MUMPS based unique application. The Pacific Medical Network (PACMEDNET) Project focuses on prototyping solutions for solving these interoperability problems. To this end PACMEDNET is exploiting leading edge technologies such as Distributed Component Object Modeling / Component Object Model (DCOM / COM), Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), Remote Procedure Calls (RPC), JAVA Remote Method Invocation (RMI) and others. Through these prototyping efforts DoD hopes to move the Government Computer based Patient Record (G-CPR) effort forward and achieve the goals and objectives of CHCS II in creating "a system of systems.". C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pacific Reg Program Off, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Gelish, A (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pacific Reg Program Off, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8667-7 PY 1998 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1109/PACMED.1998.767887 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BN33G UT WOS:000081642800006 ER PT B AU Taylor, GW AF Taylor, GW BE Nelson, R Gelish, A Mun, SK TI Orthopaedic surgery and telemedicine SO PACIFIC MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Medical Technology Symposium (PACMEDTek) CY AUG 17-21, 1998 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Tripler Army Med Ctr C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Taylor, GW (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8667-7 PY 1998 BP 93 EP 94 DI 10.1109/PACMED.1998.767931 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BN33G UT WOS:000081642800015 ER PT B AU Bauer, JJ Zeng, JC Sesterhenn, IA Moul, JW Mun, SK AF Bauer, JJ Zeng, JC Sesterhenn, IA Moul, JW Mun, SK BE Nelson, R Gelish, A Mun, SK TI Comparison of prostate biopsy protocols using 3-D computer simulation SO PACIFIC MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Medical Technology Symposium (PACMEDTek) CY AUG 17-21, 1998 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Tripler Army Med Ctr ID CORE BIOPSIES; CARCINOMA AB Urologists to detect prostate cancer routinely use the systematic sextant needle biopsy technique. This patterned biopsy technique has been adopted with little quantitative or scientific evidence to support its use. Using 136 digitized radical prostatectomy specimens, we developed a 3-D computer simulation software to compare the detection rate of cancer among various biopsy protocols. We further investigate the correlation between needle core tumor volume and total tumor volume. The 10- and 12- pattern biopsy protocols had a 98.5% detection rate, whereas, the sextant biopsy protocol was only 72.8%. The 5-region biopsy protocol had a 90.4% detection rare and the 14- pattern, which includes all the biopsies used in the patterns above only added one additional positive case (0.7%) All the patterns showed a significant correlation between core tumor volume and total tumor volume. Our results suggest that the 10-pattern biopsy protocol is statistically superior to the routinely used sextant prostate biopsy pattern. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Bauer, JJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8667-7 PY 1998 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.1109/PACMED.1998.767940 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BN33G UT WOS:000081642800017 ER PT B AU Person, DA Whitton, RK AF Person, DA Whitton, RK BE Nelson, R Gelish, A Mun, SK TI An internet based consultation and referral network between tripler army medical center and hospitals in the western Pacific SO PACIFIC MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Medical Technology Symposium (PACMEDTek) CY AUG 17-21, 1998 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Tripler Army Med Ctr AB Since the initiation of the Pacific Island Health Care Project in 1989 over 2500 patients fom the United States Associated Pacific Islands have been cared for at Tripler Army Medical Center at no cost to the patient or island nation. In an attempt to contain Tripler costs, increase access, and provide consultative and referral services to health care professionals in the Pacific Basin, a web-based referral network was established in December 1997. Four sites were selected as beta-test sites: Weno, Chuuk State; Kolonia, Pohnpei State, FSM; Koror, Republic of Palau and Majuro; and Republic of the Marshall Islands. Each site was provided with a desktop computer, digital still camera, digital video camera, flatbed scanner, and printer. A digital oto/ophthalmoscope was provided to Chunk and Pohnpei. Local clinicians fill out consultations on the Internet, attach supporting imagery, and submit the consult package to Tripler. The multimedia consults are inserted into a database, then dynamically posted on a secure web page, where they are viewed and commented on by specialists. Cases are formatted to allow rapid consultant response, image review, consultant and provider interaction, and presentation of the case for peer review. These cases provided unique Graduate Medical Education and military relevant experiences for students, residents, and staff physicians at Tripler. From 7 December 1997 until 19 September 1998, over 170 consults have been submitted electronically. Initial experience indicates that the Internet can be easily used as an inexpensive store and forward consultation format. There has been an overwhelming enthusiasm for this project by all participants. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Person, DA (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8667-7 PY 1998 BP 132 EP 138 DI 10.1109/PACMED.1998.767946 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BN33G UT WOS:000081642800021 ER PT B AU Boyd, SYN Chacko, AK Bauch, TD Bulgrin, JR Dove, TP Person, DA AF Boyd, SYN Chacko, AK Bauch, TD Bulgrin, JR Dove, TP Person, DA BE Nelson, R Gelish, A Mun, SK TI Remote digital echocardiography for the identification of cardiac valvular disease SO PACIFIC MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Medical Technology Symposium (PACMEDTek) CY AUG 17-21, 1998 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Tripler Army Med Ctr AB The Pacific Island Health Care Project cares for 250-500 patients from the US Associated Pacific Islands. Unique to the Pacific Basin is a high incidence of acute rheumatic fever, a condition that not uncommonly results in valvular heart disease. Identification of patients with severe valvular heart disease may qualify them for cave in the military medical system under this project. Echocardiography has become an essential diagnostic tool for the cardiologist in identifying heart valve problems. Brooke Army Medical Center (BAMC) has established a digital echocardiography network to serve the Great Plains Region. Currently echocardiograms are digitized at remote sites, transferred to BAMC for evaluation and stored in DICOM standard format on optical disk. The digital network system provides improved care for patients, reduces patient transport cost, permits local followup, and reduces health care cost. New digital technologies currently under evaluation at our institution will provide smaller, less costly, portable digital imaging systems and make digital echocardiography imaging networks feasible for remote health care facilities. Combining this technology with the new era of digital imaging will allow portable echoes to be used as an extension of the stethoscope. Evaluating heart function and valvular disease in a local health facility will decrease the need for transportation of the patient to a larger facility for diagnosis or follow-up evaluation. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Boyd, SYN (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8667-7 PY 1998 BP 139 EP 141 DI 10.1109/PACMED.1998.767957 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BN33G UT WOS:000081642800022 ER PT B AU Parker, MF Karins, JP O'Connor, DM AF Parker, MF Karins, JP O'Connor, DM BE Nelson, R Gelish, A Mun, SK TI Hyperspectral diagnostic imaging of the cervix: Initial observations SO PACIFIC MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Medical Technology Symposium (PACMEDTek) CY AUG 17-21, 1998 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Tripler Army Med Ctr AB The current standard approach to screening and diagnosing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) included Pap smear triage followed by colposcopy. While effective, colposcopy is subjective, includes painful procedures such as biopsies and endocervical curettage, requires specialized training, and involves a waiting period of several days for histopathologic reports. We are developing an alternate method of detecting and localizing cervical precancerous lesions, known as hyperspectral diagnostic imaging (HSDI), in which the surface of the cervix is scanned with ultraviolet and white light. Fluorescent and reflected light patterns generated by the cervical tissue are collected and analyzed by the spectrometer to determine features which will discriminate among the various stages of CIN. The HSDI approach is objective, painless, requires minimal training, and will provide immediate results. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Parker, MF (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8667-7 PY 1998 BP 144 EP 148 DI 10.1109/PACMED.1998.767958 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BN33G UT WOS:000081642800023 ER PT B AU Chacko, AK Cook, J Martinez, R Timboe, HL AF Chacko, AK Cook, J Martinez, R Timboe, HL BE Nelson, R Gelish, A Mun, SK TI Virtual radiology environment for the great plains medical command SO PACIFIC MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Medical Technology Symposium (PACMEDTek) CY AUG 17-21, 1998 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Tripler Army Med Ctr ID ULTRASOUND; NETWORK AB The Virtual Radiology Environment (VRE) is a concept that takes advantage of multiple Picture Archiving & Communications Systems (PACS) via vast and robust networks. Integral to this concept is the development of an intelligent agent and data management software that will allow instant accessibility to multiple data streams and the streamlining of workflow throughout the entire entity. A virtual radiology environment implies a department without boundaries where there is imbedded ability to mine a variety of databases ranging from workflow, supply of physicians, patient distribution, disease patterns, equipment availability, etc. The environment will allow a free flow of information across the network. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Chacko, AK (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8667-7 PY 1998 BP 230 EP 235 DI 10.1109/PACMED.1998.769912 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BN33G UT WOS:000081642800039 ER PT B AU Garshnek, V Hassell, LH AF Garshnek, V Hassell, LH BE Nelson, R Gelish, A Mun, SK TI Overview and status of the AKAMAI telemedicine evaluation initiative SO PACIFIC MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Medical Technology Symposium (PACMEDTek) CY AUG 17-21, 1998 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Tripler Army Med Ctr AB Project AKAMAI is a Federally funded program designed to augment health care delivery to DoD and beneficiaries in the Pacific Basin using telecommunications technology. The AKAMAI Evaluation initiative is a systematic evaluation of the potential contribution of telemedicine technologies and processes in a health care delivery system. In this prospective study patients are randomly allocated to usual care (UC) or telemedicine (TC) for routine dermatology or orthopedic consultations between a primacy care outpatient clinic and a tertiary care center. To assess the impact of this change in health care, measures of structure, process and clinical outcome are performed over a 90 day period from the date of consultation. Data analysis will include descriptive and analytical statistics, and construction of medical models based on individual patient trajectories. The automation infrastructure for the study employs a thin client-server design and integrates existing hospital legacy systems and image servers on a secure network. Health care providers access the AKAMAI server using web browser software and use predefined clinical protocols that define required Hx, PE, labs and images for problem oriented consultation. The overall study investigates four areas of interest (Clinical Outcomes, Patient/Provider Satisfaction, Organizational Impact, and Cost/Effectiveness). The objective is to provide healthcare policymakers with scientific and technical information and provide a tested methodology for future evaluation of deployed DoD telemedicine systems in the Pacific. lure evaluation project background status, and anticipated applications will be discussed. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pacific Reg Program Off, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Garshnek, V (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pacific Reg Program Off, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8667-7 PY 1998 BP 252 EP 255 DI 10.1109/PACMED.1998.769916 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BN33G UT WOS:000081642800043 ER PT B AU Hollandsworth, J Cerny, JE Ettipio, A Inouye, J AF Hollandsworth, J Cerny, JE Ettipio, A Inouye, J BE Nelson, R Gelish, A Mun, SK TI Enhancing a child abuse prevention program through POTS-BASED two way video technology. SO PACIFIC MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Medical Technology Symposium (PACMEDTek) CY AUG 17-21, 1998 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Tripler Army Med Ctr AB This feasibility project will explore the acceptance and reliability of integrating inexpensive POTS-Based video technology into the existing clinical process of the Joint New Parents Support Program, a Community Health Nursing early prenatal home visitation program located at Tripler, Army Medical Center with a mission to prevent child abuse and neglect. To date, no research documenting the utilization of two-way video technology, in care delivery, targeting a prenatal high-risk military population has been identified. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Hollandsworth, J (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8667-7 PY 1998 BP 268 EP 268 DI 10.1109/PACMED.1998.769919 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BN33G UT WOS:000081642800046 ER PT B AU Davis, LJ Hu, JS Gieser, JJ AF Davis, LJ Hu, JS Gieser, JJ BE Nelson, R Gelish, A Mun, SK TI The Pacific Oncology Outreach Project: An overview SO PACIFIC MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Medical Technology Symposium (PACMEDTek) CY AUG 17-21, 1998 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Tripler Army Med Ctr AB The Pacific Oncology Outreach Project is a merit based DOD funded project, aimed at minimizing the effect of distances on cancer care management through the yse of the Internet and the telephone. Tripler Army Medical Center (TAMC), located in Honolulu Hawaii, is responsible for providing comprehensive, definate medical care of over 750,000 individuals located throughout Hawaii and the Western Pacific (WESTPAC) The vast distances involved in the delivery and support of health care thruoghout this region prompted the exploration of Tele-technology to facilitate the mission. Since piloting this project in 1996, the use of the Internet to conduct educational sessions, providing a forum for client support, and Pan-Pacific business meetings. All these initiatives have met with overwhelmingly positive support from clients, administrators, and health care providers. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Davis, LJ (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8667-7 PY 1998 BP 324 EP 328 DI 10.1109/PACMED.1998.769948 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BN33G UT WOS:000081642800055 ER PT B AU Burgess, LPA Huyn, TK Holtel, MR Peters, LJ Birkmire-Peters, DP AF Burgess, LPA Huyn, TK Holtel, MR Peters, LJ Birkmire-Peters, DP BE Nelson, R Gelish, A Mun, SK TI Telepresence: Teleproctored surgery SO PACIFIC MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Medical Technology Symposium (PACMEDTek) CY AUG 17-21, 1998 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Tripler Army Med Ctr AB Teleproctoring provides guidance and support to distant colleagues while performing operative techniques. We present a study to assess the reliability of teleproctored surgery and to develop standards and guidelines for future teleproctored procedures. Endoscopic sinus surgery is performed with conventional proctoring and teleproctoring in a residency program, and the results are compared; Severity of diseases are controlled for, and usability issues and clinical outcomes are compared between groups. Our preliminary results indicate equal operative times and no increase in complications. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Burgess, LPA (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8667-7 PY 1998 BP 329 EP 331 DI 10.1109/PACMED.1998.769949 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BN33G UT WOS:000081642800056 ER PT B AU Hill, EE DeRuvo, SS AF Hill, EE DeRuvo, SS BE Nelson, R Gelish, A Mun, SK TI A qualitative assessment of patient and provider satisfaction with new implementation of a telemedicine system SO PACIFIC MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Medical Technology Symposium (PACMEDTek) CY AUG 17-21, 1998 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Tripler Army Med Ctr AB Literature identifies three domains of satisfaction with health care: science of medicine, art of care, and amenities of care, all areas potentially affected by delivery of health care through telemedicine, a media that separates the care provider from the patient. The purpose of the following research is the development of instruments to measure patient and provider satisfaction with telemedicine. Patient and provider satisfaction instruments in general have been developed with little qualitative input from the consumer, and many have poorly established validity and reliability. For this project focus groups are being used to develop survey instruments measuring patient and provider satisfaction with telemedicine. Survey instruments will then undergo testing for measures of reliability resting and factor. preliminary focus groups have been conducted with patients and providers participating in a civilian telemedicine, and with military health care providers who have been involved in telemedicine in a variety of areas. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Hill, EE (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8667-7 PY 1998 BP 362 EP 365 DI 10.1109/PACMED.1998.769958 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BN33G UT WOS:000081642800061 ER PT B AU Trafford, M Consales, J Hamasu, C AF Trafford, M Consales, J Hamasu, C BE Nelson, R Gelish, A Mun, SK TI The role of information science and knowledge-based resources in delivering telehealth services SO PACIFIC MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Medical Technology Symposium (PACMEDTek) CY AUG 17-21, 1998 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Tripler Army Med Ctr AB The kind of information traditionally found in libraries is in the process of being digitized and made available through the Internet and over global networks. Because of the continuing developments in high-performance computing and communications technology as is the case for telemedicine, barriers such as geography, physical and format boundaries, ownership auld affiliation are dissolving or at feast being thought of in new ways. Just as knowledge-based information has been important in the traditional delivery of health care services, it will continue to play a role in telehealth services. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Trafford, M (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8667-7 PY 1998 BP 394 EP 400 DI 10.1109/PACMED.1998.769972 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BN33G UT WOS:000081642800067 ER PT B AU Ekwurzel, K AF Ekwurzel, K BE Nelson, R Gelish, A Mun, SK TI The department of the army Social Work Service Management Information System (Family advocacy) SO PACIFIC MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Medical Technology Symposium (PACMEDTek) CY AUG 17-21, 1998 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Tripler Army Med Ctr AB The Social Work Service Management Information System (SWSMIS) is an automated clinical case record and case management system for the Department of the Army and the United States Army Medical Command (MEDCOM) Family Advocacy Program (FAP). Development is on going at the European Medical Command (ERMC) and will move to CONUS in August 1998. The final version of the database is scheduled for delivery in March 1999 with full deployment scheduled for the late spring/early summer of 1999. On 26 Aug, SWSMIS will be presented to the Air Force and Navy for consideration by these Services and if accepted SWSMIS will become a Tri-Service database SWSMIS will increase efficiency, minimize rework, and improve the quality of patient care in the Family Advocacy, Social Work Service, and Medical Social Work programs. If will reside at Social Work Service within the MTFs. Critical paths for reporting and notification exist to allow;clinical providers to focus on patient care while meeting highly regulated standards for reporting and documenting that is inherent to the Family Advocacy and social work business environment SWSMIS will also reduce variation in patient care, maximize the use of resources in service delivery, measure the effectiveness of treatment against patient outcomes, increase the defensibility of clinical and case management methods, challenge anecdotal methods for determining standards of care, and offer solid data on clinical profiles and best practice methods. If runs on provider workstations linked to an Informix database on a clinic-wide NT 4.0 Sewer in a Windows 95 environment and meets CZ security accreditation environment requirements. C1 USA, Med Command, Behav Hlth Behav Div, Off Assisant Chief Staff Hlth Policy & Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Ekwurzel, K (reprint author), USA, Med Command, Behav Hlth Behav Div, Off Assisant Chief Staff Hlth Policy & Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8667-7 PY 1998 BP 401 EP 408 DI 10.1109/PACMED.1998.769974 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BN33G UT WOS:000081642800068 ER PT B AU Garshnek, V Burkle, FM AF Garshnek, V Burkle, FM BE Nelson, R Gelish, A Mun, SK TI Telecommunications and informatics contributions to the future of public health: A forecast SO PACIFIC MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Medical Technology Symposium (PACMEDTek) CY AUG 17-21, 1998 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Tripler Army Med Ctr ID NEURAL-NETWORK AB Much of public health consists of information transfer to support the mission of disease prevention and health promotion. A focused needs-specific application of telecommunication and information technologies to this discipline would enhance the ability to transmit information and improve global Although telehealth processes and communications systems have been evolving in effectiveness, acessibility, and simplicity, and applied to a variety of medical specialties, the application to public health has been slow. past public health activities and problems suggest certain core concerns in areas related to the accessibility, content, accuracy, reliability and timeliness of health information. These concerns should drive the selection of technology solutions. Given the known array of current and near-future technological capabilities and public health needs, a forecast of how future telecommunications and information technology capabilities::can meet these needs can be generated. The authors discuss new developments in communication/information pathways; information technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet and World Wide Web; and some projected applications to the public health area. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pacific Reg Program Off, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Garshnek, V (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pacific Reg Program Off, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8667-7 PY 1998 BP 418 EP 422 DI 10.1109/PACMED.1998.769984 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BN33G UT WOS:000081642800071 ER PT B AU Sahu, J Pressel, DM Heavey, KR Nietubicz, CJ AF Sahu, J Pressel, DM Heavey, KR Nietubicz, CJ BE Emerson, DR Ecer, A Periaux, J Satofuka, N TI Parallel application of a Navier-Stokes solver for projectile aerodynamics SO PARALLEL COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND ADVANCES USING PARALLEL COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics - Recent Developments and Advances Using Parallel Computers CY MAY 19-21, 1997 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP Assoc European Res Estab Aeronaut, Silicon Graph, Cray Res, European Commiss DG III, ECCOMAS, Hitachi, IBM, NEC Corp, Daresbury Lab HPCI Ctr, High Performance Comp Engn Project AB A time-marching Navier-Stokes code, successfully used over a decade for projectile aerodynamics, has been implemented and optimized to run on a modem RISC-based parallel computer, a Silicon Graphics (SGI) power challenge array (PCA). The parallelized version of the code has been used to compute the three dimensional turbulent supersonic flow over a generic ogive-cylinder missile configuration. These results were then compared to those obtained with the original version of the code on a Gray C-90. Both versions of the code produced the same qualitative and quantitative results. Considerable performance gain was achieved by the optimization of the serial code on a single processor. Parallelization of the optimized serial code, which uses loop-level parallelism, led to additional gains in performance on the SGI PCA. The original algorithm remained unchanged. Recent runs on a 32-processor Origin 2000 have produced speedups in the range of a factor 9.5-10.5 over that achieved when using a single processor on a Gray C-90. Numerical results obtained at M-infinity = 2.5 and at a 14 degrees angle of attack show the details of the flow field in terms of pressure contours. Computed surface pressures were compared with the experimental data and were generally found to be in good agreement with the data. C1 USA, Ballist Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Sahu, J (reprint author), USA, Ballist Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-82849-4 PY 1998 BP 473 EP 480 DI 10.1016/B978-044482849-1/50057-9 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Chemical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BL05S UT WOS:000074132800056 ER PT J AU Allison, MA Dunn, CL Pedersen, RC AF Allison, MA Dunn, CL Pedersen, RC TI What syndrome is this? Epidermal news syndrome: A neurologic variant with hemimegalencephaly, facial hemihypertrophy and gyral malformation SO PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEVUS SYNDROME C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Allison, MA (reprint author), 840 Waldo Rd, Campbell, CA 95008 USA. OI Allison, Matthew/0000-0003-0777-8272 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0736-8046 J9 PEDIATR DERMATOL JI Pediatr. Dermatol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 15 IS 1 BP 59 EP 61 DI 10.1046/j.1525-1470.1998.1998015059.x PG 3 WC Dermatology; Pediatrics SC Dermatology; Pediatrics GA YW301 UT WOS:000071919000016 PM 9496809 ER PT J AU Spinella, PC Strieper, MJ Callahan, CW AF Spinella, PC Strieper, MJ Callahan, CW TI Congestive heart failure in a neonate secondary to bilateral intralobar and extralobar pulmonary sequestrations SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID BRONCHOPULMONARY FOREGUT MALFORMATIONS; INFANCY; LUNG C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Spinella, PC (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 1 BP 120 EP 124 DI 10.1542/peds.101.1.120 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YP941 UT WOS:000071331400035 PM 9417164 ER PT S AU Choi, KK Goldberg, AC Das, NC Jhabvala, MD Bailey, RB Vural, K AF Choi, KK Goldberg, AC Das, NC Jhabvala, MD Bailey, RB Vural, K BE Brown, GJ TI Corrugated QWIP array fabrication and characterization SO PHOTODETECTORS: MATERIALS AND DEVICES III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photodetectors - Materials and Devices III CY JAN 28-30, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE infrared detector; optical coupling; quantum wells; focal plane array AB A corrugated quantum well infrared photodetector (C-QWIP) focal plane array (FPA) with cutoff at 11.2 mu m has been fabricated and characterized. The C-QWIP array uses total internal reflection to couple normal incident light into the pixels. The processing steps involve only one chemical etching, one optional reactive ion etching, and one ohmic contact metalization. The detector array has 256 x 256 pixel elements, indium bumped to a direct injection readout circuit. The photocurrent to dark current ratio measured In this FPA, on which the noise equivalent temperature difference (NE Delta T) depends, is consistent with that of a large area test sample. The array shows good responsivity unformity (sigma) of 5.2% with no extra leakage current resulted from array processing. The estimated NE Delta T of this array, excluding the readout noise, is 17 mK at T = 63 K. The fact that this FPA can be operated at a temperature similar to those of standard QWIP arrays with much shorter wavelengths shows that the C-QWIP structure can greatly increase array performance. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20833 USA. RP Choi, KK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20833 USA. RI Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2726-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3287 BP 118 EP 127 DI 10.1117/12.304473 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BK88U UT WOS:000073807600014 ER PT S AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE BE Hotaling, SP Pirich, AR TI Positive operator valued measure in quantum information processing SO PHOTONIC QUANTUM COMPUTING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Quantum Computing II CY APR 15-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE quantum information processing; positive operator valued measure; algebra of measurement; quantum optics; photonic qubits; quantum cryptography; quantum measurement theory AB The positive operator valued measure (POVM), also known as the probability operator valued measure, is useful in quantum information processing. The POVM consists of a set of nonnegative quantum-mechanical Hermitian operators that add up to the identity. The probability that a quantum system is in a particular state is given by the expectation value of the POVM operator corresponding to that state. Following a brief review of the mathematics and history of POVMs in quantum theory, and a pedagogical discussion of the quantum mechanics of photonic qubits, a particular implementation of a POVM for use in the measurement of photonic qubits is reviewed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2834-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3385 BP 23 EP 35 DI 10.1117/12.312643 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Optics SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BL36Q UT WOS:000075291500003 ER PT S AU Shoop, BL Das, PK Litynski, DM AF Shoop, BL Das, PK Litynski, DM BE Zagar, GJ Goutzoulis, AP Pirich, AR TI Improved resolution of photonic A/D conversion using oversampling techniques SO PHOTONICS AND RADIO FREQUENCY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonics and Radio Frequency II CY JUL 21-22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn DE analog-to-digital conversion; oversampling; A/D conversion; photonics AB The majority of the signals encountered in nature are analog while the preferred method of processing these signals is digital. Digital signal processors provide higher resolution, improved flexibility and functionality, and improved noise immunity over its analog counterparts. As a result, the analog-to-digital (A/D) interface is generally considered to be the most critical part of any signal acquisition and processing system. Because of the difficulty in achieving high-resolution and high-speed A/D converters, this A/D interface has been and continues to be a barrier to the realization of high-speed, high-throughput systems. Electronic A/D techniques have been investigated but appear to be limited. Sigma Delta techniques have been successful in providing high-resolution converters but only for audio frequency signals. Optical approaches have also been investigated to leverage the wide bandwidth and parallelism of optics but most have been limited by the component linearity, device speed, or dynamic range. We previously proposed and demonstrated an optical approach to A/D conversion based on oversampling techniques using a modification of the Sigma Delta architecture and multiple quantum well (MQW) modulators as the optical devices. Here we describe other approaches to oversampling A/D conversion incorporating space-time processing of optical signals leading to ultra-high resolution at very high speed. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Shoop, BL (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2918-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3463 BP 192 EP 199 DI 10.1117/12.330386 PG 8 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BM20Q UT WOS:000078028800021 ER PT B AU Hsieh, BB McAnally, WH AF Hsieh, BB McAnally, WH BE Dronkers, J Scheffers, M TI Evaluation of model verification and simulation reliability by system response techniques SO PHYSICS OF ESTUARIES AND COASTAL SEAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Biennial Conference on Physics of Estuaries and Coastal Seas CY SEP 09-12, 1996 CL THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS AB A system response approach which uses Fourier transform through a multiple-input/single-output (MISO) nonlinear system to evaluate the 3D hydrodynamic numerical model performance of verification and simulation reliability has been developed. This approach offers more insight into the actual physical behavior than the traditional statistical method does. To improve simulation reliability, a computational procedure was derived to examine model sensitivity and reduce uncertainty. The application showed that this approach proved to be an excellent tool for quantitatively evaluating the model performance and obtaining more reliable simulation results. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Hsieh, BB (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-965-3 PY 1998 BP 13 EP 21 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BL64Z UT WOS:000076169500002 ER PT J AU Maier, RS Kroll, DM Kutsovsky, YE Davis, HT Bernard, RS AF Maier, RS Kroll, DM Kutsovsky, YE Davis, HT Bernard, RS TI Simulation of flow through bead packs using the lattice Boltzmann method SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; SPHERE PACKINGS; PERIODIC ARRAYS; GAS AUTOMATA; STOKES-FLOW; PERMEABILITY; EQUATION; MICROTOMOGRAPHY; GEOMETRIES; SANDSTONE AB The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is used to simulate viscous fluid flow through a column of glass beads. The results suggest that the normalized velocity distribution is sensitive to the spatial resolution but not the details of the packing. With increasing spatial resolution, simulation results converge to a velocity distribution with a sharp peak near zero. A simple argument is presented to explain this result. Changes in the shape of the distribution as a function of flow rate are determined for low Reynolds numbers, and the large-velocity tail of the distribution is shown to depend on the packing geometry. The effect of a finite Reynolds number on the apparent permeability is demonstrated and discussed in relation to previous results in the literature. Comparison with velocity distributions from NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy finds qualitative agreement after adjusting for diffusion effects in the NMR distributions, (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Minnesota, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Med Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Maier, RS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, 1100 Washington Ave S, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. NR 46 TC 135 Z9 136 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JAN PY 1998 VL 10 IS 1 BP 60 EP 74 DI 10.1063/1.869550 PG 15 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA YM737 UT WOS:000071095800009 ER PT J AU Dertzbaugh, MT AF Dertzbaugh, MT TI Genetically engineered vaccines: An overview SO PLASMID LA English DT Review DE vaccines; synthetic vaccines; DNA vaccines; review ID HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; TOXIN FRAGMENT-C; RECOMBINANT BACULOVIRUS; IMMUNOLOGICAL ADJUVANTS; STREPTOCOCCUS-GORDONII; BACTERIAL VACCINES; PICHIA-PASTORIS; PROTECTS MICE; ORAL VACCINES; VIRUS C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Toxicol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Dertzbaugh, MT (reprint author), Joint Vaccine Acquisit Program, 1436 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM dertzbau@detrick.army.mil NR 66 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-619X J9 PLASMID JI Plasmid PY 1998 VL 39 IS 2 BP 100 EP 113 DI 10.1006/plas.1997.1329 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA ZC883 UT WOS:000072628600002 PM 9514708 ER PT J AU Ciccarelli, AO AF Ciccarelli, AO TI Entrapped by E-mail SO PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Letter C1 US Army Reserve, 405th Combat Support Hosp, Operat Joint Guard, APO, AE 09789 USA. RP Ciccarelli, AO (reprint author), US Army Reserve, 405th Combat Support Hosp, Operat Joint Guard, Blue Factory, APO, AE 09789 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0032-1052 J9 PLAST RECONSTR SURG JI Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 1 BP 245 EP 246 DI 10.1097/00006534-199801000-00052 PG 2 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA YN771 UT WOS:000071204800048 PM 9446109 ER PT B AU Reger, EJ AF Reger, EJ GP TAPPI TI Antiblock - "The basics" SO POLYMERS, LAMINATIONS & COATINGS CONFERENCE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Polymers, Laminations & Coatings Conference CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP California Film Extruders & Converters Assoc AB Blocking is a common problem encountered by manufacturers of polyolefin films and coatings. There are an array of antiblock types available. This overview covers the fundamental reasons for considering and using antiblock A review of the most commercially important grades is offered with general guidelines relative to the user's needs. Natural silica (diatomaceous earth) and talc prove to be of greatest interest for most commodity applications. C1 Ampacet Corp, Ctr Res & Dev, Terre Haute, IN 47805 USA. RP Reger, EJ (reprint author), Ampacet Corp, Ctr Res & Dev, 3801 N Fruitridge Ave, Terre Haute, IN 47805 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA BN 0-89852-719-8 PY 1998 BP 543 EP 548 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BL62T UT WOS:000076041800047 ER PT B AU Patel, PR AF Patel, PR GP TAPPI TI Unblocking the antiblock mystery SO POLYMERS, LAMINATIONS & COATINGS CONFERENCE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Polymers, Laminations & Coatings Conference CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP California Film Extruders & Converters Assoc C1 Ampacet Corp, Ctr Res & Dev, Terre Haute, IN 47804 USA. RP Patel, PR (reprint author), Ampacet Corp, Ctr Res & Dev, 3801 N Fruitridge Ave, Terre Haute, IN 47804 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA BN 0-89852-719-8 PY 1998 BP 1017 EP 1020 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BL62T UT WOS:000076041800091 ER PT B AU Kunz, SE AF Kunz, SE GP INST APPL FORTH RES INC TI Parachute image analysis system programmed in Forth SO PORTABLE SOFTWARE - 1997 ROCHESTER FORTH CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Rochester Forth Conference on Portable Software CY JUN 25-28, 1997 CL UNIV ROCHESTER, ROCHESTER, NY SP Inst Appl Forth Res Inc, JWK Int Corp, Annandale, Virginia, Xela Associates, Annandale Virginia, Miller Microcomp Syst, Natick, Massachusetts HO UNIV ROCHESTER AB There is some interest in improving the accuracy and reliability of airborne mass assault operations. Video records of actual exercises were used to obtain a more precise description of the present static-line parachute deployment method. The kinematical description of the system during line-sail has greatly expanded upon the knowledge base of the static-line deployment method. to accomplish this a parachute image analysis system was developed. Forth was used to control a display controller that is capable of displaying 1280 x 1024 pixels. The display controller was used to display up to four Targa images (512 x 486 pixels) simultaneously. Several of the Forth algorithms and programming approaches, which are used to control the display and analyse the images are presented. C1 USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Soldier Syst Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kunz, SE (reprint author), USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Soldier Syst Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INSTITUTE APPLIED FORTH RESEARCH INC PI ROCHESTER PA 70 ELMWOOD AVE, ROCHESTER, NY 14611 USA BN 0-914593-17-X PY 1998 BP 57 EP 61 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BL38J UT WOS:000075339000008 ER PT B AU Patev, RC Riley, B Schaaf, DM Kathir, NM AF Patev, RC Riley, B Schaaf, DM Kathir, NM BE Mosleh, A Bari, RA TI Time-dependent reliability and hazard function development for navigation structures SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT (PSAM 4), VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management CY SEP 13-18, 1998 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Int Assoc Probabilist Safety Assessment & Management, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Atom Energy Soc Japan, European Nucl Soc, European Safety & Reliabil Assoc, Fed Aviat Adm, Human Factors Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engineers, Int Atom Energy Agcy, European Union, Joint Res Ctr, NASA, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Soc Risk Analy, Syst Safety Soc, UK Safety & Reliabil Soc, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Associated Univ Inc, Beta Corp Int, BOOZ ALLEN & HAMILTON Inc, Brookhaven Sci Associates, ERIN Engn & Res Inc, PLG Inc, Sci Applicat Int Corp, SCIENTECH INC, Univ Maryland, Ctr Technol Risk Stud AB The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is currently performing a system wide navigation study called the Ohio River Mainstem Systems Study (ORMSS). The objectives of the ORMSS are to develop the major investment strategies for required capital improvements to the Ohio River navigation system over the next century. This paper describes the time-dependent reliability methodology and hazard function development for navigation structures in the ORMSS. The ORMSS is currently examining the reliability over the next 60 years for structural components at 19 lock and dam structures. The time-dependent approach discussed in this paper accounts for the cumulative effects of degradation on the reliability. Hazard rates for the components are developed based on the concept of "life cycles". An example to demonstrate these methodologies is highlighted for a simple beam component of a vertically-framed miter gate. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Patev, RC (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 3-540-76262-0 PY 1998 BP 2237 EP 2242 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BP34L UT WOS:000084758100339 ER PT B AU Schaaf, DM AF Schaaf, DM BE Mosleh, A Bari, RA TI Ohio River main stem systems study lock and dam risk and reliability SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT (PSAM 4), VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management CY SEP 13-18, 1998 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Int Assoc Probabilist Safety Assessment & Management, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Atom Energy Soc Japan, European Nucl Soc, European Safety & Reliabil Assoc, Fed Aviat Adm, Human Factors Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engineers, Int Atom Energy Agcy, European Union, Joint Res Ctr, NASA, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Soc Risk Analy, Syst Safety Soc, UK Safety & Reliabil Soc, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Associated Univ Inc, Beta Corp Int, BOOZ ALLEN & HAMILTON Inc, Brookhaven Sci Associates, ERIN Engn & Res Inc, PLG Inc, Sci Applicat Int Corp, SCIENTECH INC, Univ Maryland, Ctr Technol Risk Stud C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Louisville, KY USA. RP Schaaf, DM (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Louisville, KY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 3-540-76262-0 PY 1998 BP 2243 EP 2248 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BP34L UT WOS:000084758100340 ER PT B AU Merritt, JC Wheeler, SA Rutherford, RK AF Merritt, JC Wheeler, SA Rutherford, RK BE Mosleh, A Bari, RA TI Probabilistic evaluation of lock wall gravity structures for the Ohio River Mainstem Systems Study SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT (PSAM 4), VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management CY SEP 13-18, 1998 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Int Assoc Probabilist Safety Assessment & Management, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Atom Energy Soc Japan, European Nucl Soc, European Safety & Reliabil Assoc, Fed Aviat Adm, Human Factors Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engineers, Int Atom Energy Agcy, European Union, Joint Res Ctr, NASA, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Soc Risk Analy, Syst Safety Soc, UK Safety & Reliabil Soc, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Associated Univ Inc, Beta Corp Int, BOOZ ALLEN & HAMILTON Inc, Brookhaven Sci Associates, ERIN Engn & Res Inc, PLG Inc, Sci Applicat Int Corp, SCIENTECH INC, Univ Maryland, Ctr Technol Risk Stud C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Huntington, WV USA. RP Merritt, JC (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Huntington, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 3-540-76262-0 PY 1998 BP 2249 EP 2254 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BP34L UT WOS:000084758100341 ER PT B AU Kathir, NM AF Kathir, NM BE Mosleh, A Bari, RA TI Probabilistic evaluation of miter gates for the Ohio River Mainstem System Study SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT (PSAM 4), VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management CY SEP 13-18, 1998 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Int Assoc Probabilist Safety Assessment & Management, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Atom Energy Soc Japan, European Nucl Soc, European Safety & Reliabil Assoc, Fed Aviat Adm, Human Factors Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engineers, Int Atom Energy Agcy, European Union, Joint Res Ctr, NASA, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Soc Risk Analy, Syst Safety Soc, UK Safety & Reliabil Soc, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Associated Univ Inc, Beta Corp Int, BOOZ ALLEN & HAMILTON Inc, Brookhaven Sci Associates, ERIN Engn & Res Inc, PLG Inc, Sci Applicat Int Corp, SCIENTECH INC, Univ Maryland, Ctr Technol Risk Stud AB The Ohio River Mainstem System Study (ORMSS) is presently underway within the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). ORMSS is a major study jointly undertaken by the Huntington, Louisville, and Pittsburgh Districts and the primary purpose of the study is to help identify the best investment strategies for future rehabilitation and replacement of the existing infrastructure. This paper will address some of the efforts that went in to the probabilistic analysis and modeling bf vertically framed miter gates. Applied loads and material properties were treated as random variables and the time dependent reliability of the gates is obtained for use in economic modeling. Theoretical results are calibrated using field data.:Using a probabilistic approach, future performance of the structure is predicted; together with a risk based economic analysis, reliability models help to optimize the intended investment in the infrastructure. This paper describes a practical application of probabilistic methods to structural evaluation in a design office environment. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, St Paul, MN 55101 USA. RP Kathir, NM (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, St Paul, MN 55101 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 3-540-76262-0 PY 1998 BP 2255 EP 2260 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BP34L UT WOS:000084758100342 ER PT S AU Burchett, BT Costello, MF AF Burchett, BT Costello, MF GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI An algorithm for H-infinity optimization of a linear time invariant system using Singular Value Decomposition SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUN 24-26, 1998 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Amer Automat Control Council, AIAA, AIChE, ASCE, IEEE, ISA, SCS AB Many classes of feedback control designs can be reformulated as a static output, feedback optimization problem. Previous work by Burchett and Costello [1] has exploited direct ways to compute the H-2 optimal output feedback gains using dyadic decomposition and analytic derivatives of the eigensystem. This work presents a modification of this technique with application to H-infinity performance optimization. Analytic derivatives of the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) are central to this method. The method is applied to two aircraft flight control problems. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Burchett, BT (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-4530-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1998 BP 2584 EP 2588 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BL45T UT WOS:000075568200552 ER PT S AU Sadler, BM Swami, A AF Sadler, BM Swami, A GP IEEE TI On multiscale wavelet analysis for step estimation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-6 SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 98) CY MAY 12-15, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB We consider step detection and estimation using a multiscale wavelet analysis, based on the ability of a certain discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to characterize signal steps and edges. This DWT, developed by Mallat and Zhong, estimates the gradient at various smoothing levels without downsampling in time. As first proposed by Rosenfeld for edge sharpening, multiple scales are combined by forming the pointwise product across scales. We show that this approach is a non-linear whitening transformation, and characterize the non-Caussian pdf of the output. Detection curves are shown for parameterized sigmoidal step change signals. Step location estimation performance is also shown, with comparison to the Cramer-Rao bound in additive white Gaussian noise. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sadler, BM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-4428-6 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 1998 BP 1517 EP 1520 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL16B UT WOS:000074520700380 ER PT S AU Lake, DE AF Lake, DE GP IEEE TI Harmonic phase coupling for battlefield acoustic target identification SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-6 SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 98) CY MAY 12-15, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Target identification using battlefield acoustic sensor arrays is an important problem for the Army ([6]). Acoustic signatures of targets of interest, such as tanks and trucks, exhibit time-varying patterns of harmonic amplitudes that facilitate target ID. In this paper, harmonic phase coupling is shown to also be present in these acoustic signatures though issues remain to fully exploit these relationships for target ID. With all else being equal, frequencies with simple harmonic relationships, such as 2 to 1 or 3 to 2, are preferred to produce stable features. Also, naive use of FFT approaches to estimate phase leads to erratic estimates. Cramer-Rao bounds (CRB) are presented and provide insights into the limitations of the accuracy of phase coupling estimates and suggests the value of developing nonstationary methods. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,SA, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lake, DE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,SA, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-4428-6 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 1998 BP 2049 EP 2052 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL16B UT WOS:000074520700513 ER PT S AU Swami, A Ghogho, M AF Swami, A Ghogho, M GP IEEE TI Performance analysis of cyclic estimators for harmonics in multiplicative and additive noise SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-6 SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 98) CY MAY 12-15, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB The problem of interest is the estimation of the parameters of harmonics in the presence of additive and multiplicative noise. Expressions for the asymptotic performance of the cyclic-variance (CV) based method are derived a hen the multiplicative noise has non-zero mean. We show that the CV-based method may yield more accurate results than methods based on the cyclic mean (CM), depending upon the color of the noise and the intrinsic and local SNRs. Performance is analyzed in detail for several special cases of the multiplicative noise, such as white Gaussian, AR and generalized-Gaussian noise. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL IS TA, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Swami, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL IS TA, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-4428-6 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 1998 BP 2309 EP 2312 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL16B UT WOS:000074520700578 ER PT S AU Kim, Y Rose, B Schuyler, T Vig, JR AF Kim, Y Rose, B Schuyler, T Vig, JR GP IEEE IEEE TI Hysteresis measurements of 20 MHz third overtone SC-cut MCXO resonators SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY MAY 27-29, 1998 CL PASADENA, CA SP IEEE, Ultrasonics Ferroelectr & Frequency Control Soc AB The Microcomputer Compensated Crystal Oscillator (MCXO) utilizes dual c-mode excitation of an SC-cut resonator for self-temperature sensing and compensation. The dual mode operation requires well-behaved fundamental and 3(rd) overtone c-modes over the operating temperature range (e.g. -55 degrees C to +85 degrees C). The stability of MCXO depends primarily on the frequency vs, temperature hysteresis of the resonator. The hysteresis of the 10 MHz 3(rd) overtone MCXO resonator has been a few parts in 10(8). This resonator is packaged in an HC-40 metal can, which makes the resonator the largest single component in the MCXO. The size of this resonator has limited efforts to reduce the size of the MCXO. In this paper, results of hysteresis measurements of a 20 MHz 3(rd) overtone SC-cut resonator packaged in a TO-5 metal can (similar to 13% the volume and similar to 57% the height of the HC-40 package) is reported. Hysteresis over the -55 degrees C to +85 degrees C temperature range was found to be a few parts in 10(8), comparable to that of the 10MHz 3(rd) overtone resonator. C1 USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-4373-5 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 1998 BP 126 EP 129 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1998.717893 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BL72D UT WOS:000076440400026 ER PT S AU Filler, RL Di Esposti, R AF Filler, RL Di Esposti, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Clock performance and direct GPS P(Y)-code (re)acquisition SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY MAY 27-29, 1998 CL PASADENA, CA SP IEEE, Ultrasonics Ferroelectr & Frequency Control Soc C1 USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Filler, RL (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-4373-5 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 1998 BP 315 EP 319 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1998.717922 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BL72D UT WOS:000076440400055 ER PT S AU Pastore, R Kosinski, JA Cui, HL AF Pastore, R Kosinski, JA Cui, HL GP IEEE IEEE TI An improved tunable filter topology for HF preselection SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY MAY 27-29, 1998 CL PASADENA, CA SP IEEE, Ultrasonics Ferroelectr & Frequency Control Soc AB In the field of military electronics, there remains a need for tunable HF preselectors featuring small size, low power consumption, and reliable operation through environmental extremes. The maturation of SAW and RF component technologies over the past decade have led to a renewed interest in the feasibility of tunable SAW filters for this role. Last year, we discussed these possibilities in the context of the prior literature. In particular, we derived a figure of merit, and discussed the basic operating principles, design goals, and implementation considerations for such a filter. The filter topologies reported in the literature were found to suffer limitations in center frequency tuning range, bandwidth tuning range, and aliasing of the passband during tuning. We have developed a new filter topology that addresses these limitations. The topology is based upon both input and output IDT frequency tuning in combination with differing IDT synchronous frequencies. In theory, the additional degrees of freedom of this topology allow for an efficient answer to the previous limitations. Broadband center frequency tuning is obtained since the center frequency is no longer limited to a range defined by a fixed input IDT. Improved bandwidth control is obtained trough selective overlap of the input and output IDT transfer functions. Aliasing effects are minimized by proper selection of the nominal input and output IDT center frequencies. In practice, of course, there are still limitations to the performance that can be achieved. In this paper we discuss both the theoretical advantages and practical limitations of the new filter topology. C1 USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Pastore, R (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-4373-5 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 1998 BP 575 EP 579 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1998.717958 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BL72D UT WOS:000076440400090 ER PT S AU Kim, Y Vig, JR Ballato, A AF Kim, Y Vig, JR Ballato, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Sensing the properties of liquids with doubly rotated resonators SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY MAY 27-29, 1998 CL PASADENA, CA SP IEEE, Ultrasonics Ferroelectr & Frequency Control Soc AB Immersion of a resonator into a liquid results in changes in the resonator's frequency and impedance. These changes have been used to characterize liquid properties. Frequency can be measured with far higher accuracy than impedance or any other quantity. The goal of the project described in this paper was to investigate whether or not it is possible to measure a liquid's properties by means of frequency measurements alone. When a doubly rotated resonator (theta approximate to 35 degrees and phi > 0 degrees) is operated in a liquid, the displacement of the surface is partly out of the plane of the plate. By controlling the phi angle, one may control the ratio of in-plane to out-of-plane displacements. The out-of-plane component of the displacement propagates a damped compressional wave into the liquid, while the in-plane component propagates a damped shear wave. The frequency changes of doubly rotated resonators have been measured in glycerol solutions of a variety of concentrations. At each concentration, the frequency change was found to increase with increasing phi angle. A method is proposed for the determination of a fluid's density, viscosity and acoustic wave velocity. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-4373-5 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 1998 BP 660 EP 666 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1998.717971 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BL72D UT WOS:000076440400103 ER PT S AU Adler, E Clark, J Conn, M Phu, P Scheiner, B AF Adler, E Clark, J Conn, M Phu, P Scheiner, B GP IEEE TI Low-cost enabling technology for multimode radar requirements SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE: RADARCON 98 SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference on Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions CY MAY 11-14, 1998 CL DALLAS, TX SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst, IEEE, AESS, Dallas Sect AB A flexible test bed radar architecture is described which includes an integrated rf electronics package that can support multiple radar applications, including surveillance, fire control, target acquisition, and tracking. This type of architecture can significantly reduce the cost, power, size, and weight of electronics on future weapon delivery platforms. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is developing technology to support multimode radar requirements. These requirements include the detection and location of moving or stationary low radar cross section targets in heavy ground clutter and the classification and/or recognition of these targets. We address these requirements with commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) products and the integration of several enabling technologies. The test bed radar includes a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) for frequency-diverse waveform generation, a flexible wideband transceiver for bandwidth extension and frequency translation, and an open architecture signal processor with embedded wideband analog-to-digital converters for real-time acquisition and processing. Efficient signal processing algorithms have been developed to demonstrate multimode radar capability. This paper discusses the various subassemblies, algorithm efficiency, and field experiment results. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Adler, E (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-4492-8 J9 RADAR CONF PY 1998 BP 50 EP 55 DI 10.1109/NRC.1998.677976 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BL12P UT WOS:000074378700009 ER PT S AU Wiebach, W Rausch, EO AF Wiebach, W Rausch, EO GP IEEE TI Improving the sidelobes of arrays fed by multiple-beam beam formers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE: RADARCON 98 SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference on Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions CY MAY 11-14, 1998 CL DALLAS, TX SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst, IEEE, AESS, Dallas Sect AB The sidelobe level of an array antenna fed by a Rotman lens can be reduced if pairs of adjacent beam ports are combined, and the system is fed through these summing ports. This procedure does not reduce the overall antenna gain. The conditions for this operational mode are explained, and the results are given. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wiebach, W (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-4492-8 J9 RADAR CONF PY 1998 BP 313 EP 318 DI 10.1109/NRC.1998.678020 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BL12P UT WOS:000074378700052 ER PT S AU Hamilton, JA AF Hamilton, JA BE Obaidat, MS Davoli, F DeMarinis, D TI Achieving HLA compliance via the joint technical architecture - Army SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 SUMMER COMPUTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE: SIMULATION AND MODELING TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUMMER COMPUTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Summer Computer Simulation Conference on Simulation and Modeling Technology for the 21st-Century CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL RENO, NV SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE HLA systems; Joint Technical Architecture; simulation and interoperability AB The mandated High Level Architecture is an important development, but having a mandate is no guarantee of compliance. More importantly, an architecture does not necessarily guarantee software interoperability. The Joint Technical Architecture-Army is the Army's implementation guide for achieving software interoperability. The JTA-A will also provide consistent implementation guidance for HLA-compliant simulation software. Clearly, the systems architecture of the JTA-A is the area of most interest to HLA-simulation developers. It is proposed that JTA-A/HLA interoperability requires specified sub-architectures of the JTA-A system architecture. A network architecture that specifies the physical connectivity and network protocols, a data architecture that answers what will move across the network, and a software architecture that specifies the applications that will use the network and generate the data This paper will explore the architectural issues associated with using the JTA-A systems architecture as a means of ensuring the fielding of interoperable, HLA-compliant simulation software. The Architecture Directorate, Office of the Director for Information Systems, Command, Control, Communications and Computers (ODISC4), Office of the Secretary of the Army is the proponent for the JTA-A. The views presented here are the author's and do not represent official Army or DOD positions. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Hamilton, JA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0094-7474 BN 1-56555-149-4 J9 P SUMM COMP PY 1998 BP 509 EP 513 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BM99N UT WOS:000080377000081 ER PT S AU Nunez, P AF Nunez, P BE Obaidat, MS Davoli, F DeMarinis, D TI Real-time frequency-based adaptive model selection SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 SUMMER COMPUTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE: SIMULATION AND MODELING TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUMMER COMPUTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Summer Computer Simulation Conference on Simulation and Modeling Technology for the 21st-Century CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL RENO, NV SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE model reduction; real-time simulation; man-in-the-loop simulation; model design; mechanical engineering AB Multibody dynamic models used in real-time simulation applications are limited in detail and fidelity by strict timing requirements. Current models meet real-time requirements during worst case timing conditions and operate inefficiently otherwise. This paper discusses an idea that exploits the inefficiencies to increase fidelity and resolution in models at run-time. The method is an extension of the computer graphic technique of adjusting detail of displayed objects or eliminating objects from the display. While yet untested, the method promises efficient solutions to the compromise between execution speed and model resolution/fidelity. A hypothetical model of a car is used to demonstrate the relevant modeling ideas and a discussion of possible implementation technique follows. This technique has not yet been implemented. No results are presented. C1 USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Analyt Simulat Team, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Nunez, P (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Analyt Simulat Team, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0094-7474 BN 1-56555-149-4 J9 P SUMM COMP PY 1998 BP 614 EP 617 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BM99N UT WOS:000080377000100 ER PT S AU Cole, JS AF Cole, JS BE Obaidat, MS Davoli, F DeMarinis, D TI Special processor for simulation of the modulation transfer function in an infrared hardware-in-the-loop simulation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 SUMMER COMPUTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE: SIMULATION AND MODELING TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUMMER COMPUTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Summer Computer Simulation Conference on Simulation and Modeling Technology for the 21st-Century CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL RENO, NV SP Soc Comp Simulat Int AB Hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) testing of infrared missile seekers has been a proven method for seeker evaluation for many years. Infrared (IR) HWIL testing has two primary modes, projection or injection. With infrared projection HWIL testing, the seeker's optics and detectors are retained as part of the simulation since an infrared scene in the correct waveband is presented to the seeker's optics, and is then detected and processed. When using the injection mode of HWIL testing the IR scene is injected directly into the seeker's electronics and bypasses the imaging and detection process. When this type of simulation is used it is critical to model the optical and electrical processes that would have degraded the image in a real-world scenario. Real-time modeling of sensor system modulation transfer functions and other forms of image degradation is a computationally intensive task. The types of calculations necessary for real-time sensor modeling often push the processing requirements past the capabilities of standard processors and expensive custom processing hardware is required. This paper discusses solutions to this problem that have been implemented at the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command's, Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center, using commercially available processing equipment. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Syst Simulat & Dev Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Cole, JS (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Syst Simulat & Dev Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0094-7474 BN 1-56555-149-4 J9 P SUMM COMP PY 1998 BP 630 EP 635 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BM99N UT WOS:000080377000103 ER PT B AU Meyers, DT AF Meyers, DT GP IEEE IEEE TI Safe diving operations on near-shore coastal construction projects SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON UNDERWATER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Underwater Technology CY MAY 23-26, 2000 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, USN Off Res Int Field Off DE safety; sea; standards; underwater structures AB In the past, ensuring safe diving operations on coastal construction projects has typically been the sole responsibility of the individual divers. However, it takes a concerted effort by both the project proponent as well as the construction contractor to guarantee a safe dive operation. Conducting successful underwater construction requires state-of-the-art equipment, specialized training and the ability to adapt to a constantly changing work and natural environment. This paper will elaborate on the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' dive regulations and its intent. The paper will address the differences between construction diving and engineering inspection diving. The author will show specific examples of diving operations at recent construction projects in the Pacific and will present selected slides. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Pacific Ocean Div, Ft Shafter, HI 96858 USA. RP Meyers, DT (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Pacific Ocean Div, Bldg 230, Ft Shafter, HI 96858 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6378-7 PY 1998 BP 499 EP 502 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BQ79V UT WOS:000089546000081 ER PT B AU Deal, B AF Deal, B BE CampbellHowe, R Cortez, T WilkinsCrowder, B TI An ecological approach to sustainable development: Evaluation and quantification using geographic modeling systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD NATIONAL PASSIVE SOLAR CONFERENCE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL PASSIVE SOLAR CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd National Passive Solar Conference CY JUN 14-17, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Solar Energy Soc, US DOE, Org Amer States, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ New Mexico, NationsBank, New Mexico Land Off, DOE, Albuquerque Operat Off, Public Serv Co New Mexico, New Mexico Energy Off AB The hierarchical patch theory of ecology describes the dynamic relationship between the broad scale landscape and a mosaic of smaller patches that define the landscape. It notes that these landscape patches are constantly changing and evolving, apparently in complete chaos at the smaller scale. Yet at the landscape level, the overall age and species distribution of the ecosystem remains relatively stable. In the midst what might seem chaotic at one scale, constancy is found at another. This concept can inform designers of the need to establish criteria for sustainable development that utilizes the 'ecosystem approach' and considers the entire landscape when evaluating impacts of human development patterns on the ecology of a place. Conservation biologist's are well aware that it is impossible to save one species in a landscape without preserving the entire ecosystem that supports it. This paper attempts to quantify the landscape scale effects of low density urban development on the ecology of an existing agricultural site by focusing on the hydrological impacts of the development. A hydrological evaluation of existing site conditions is compared to conditions simulating historic pre-settlement, complete suburban development and conditions simulating environmentally sensitive planning practices. Hydrographed results conclude that environmentally sensitive planning practices can reduce developmental impacts on the hydrological performance of a landscape. C1 Univ Illinois, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Deal, B (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Construct Engn Res Lab, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY INC PI BOULDER PA 2400 CENTRAL AVE, SUITE G-1, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA BN 0-89553-213-1 J9 P NATL SOL PY 1998 VL 23 BP 339 EP 344 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels GA BQ56E UT WOS:000088763600053 ER PT B AU Henry, N AF Henry, N BE Ziemer, RR TI Overview of the Caspar Creek watershed study SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON COASTAL WATERSHEDS: THE CASPAR CREEK STORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Coastal Watersheds - The Caspar Creek Story CY MAY 06, 1998 CL UKIAH, CA AB The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CDF) and the Pacific Southwest Research Station, Redwood Sciences Laboratory (PSW) have been conducting watershed research within the Caspar Creek watershed on the Jackson Demonstration State Forest, in northern California, since 1962. A concrete broad-crested weir with a 120 degrees low-flow V-notch was constructed in both the 473-ha North Fork and 424-ha South Fork of Caspar Creek br the late fall of 1962. Both watersheds supported predominantly second-growth stands of coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) averaging 700 m(3) ha(-1) of stem wood. The study has been conducted in two phases. The South Fork phase was designed as a traditional paired-watershed study and involved monitoring the imparts of road construction and selection harvesting by tractor on streamflow, suspended sediment, and bedload. Approximately one-third of the watershed was logged in each year from 1971 to 1973, starting with the most downstream area. Several publications have documented the results from (1) the calibration and roading activities (1962-1971) and (2) the logging activity and subsequent monitoring through 1976. Planning for the North Fork phase started in the early 1980's. This study phase was initiated in response to new federal legislation requiring the evaluation of cumulative watershed effects as a part of management activities. The principal objective was to test for cumulative watershed effects (CWE) resulting from timber harvesting and related activities. The North Fork became the treatment watershed and was divided into 13 sub-basins including three control watersheds to be Left untreated. Ten Parshall fumes and three rated sections were installed in the watershed-one at the outflow of each of these sub-basins. A new sampling system called SALT was developed along with the necessary sampling software and hardware for implementation. Total timber volume removal in North Fork was slightly less than in the South Fork labour 50 percent); however, harvesting activities were limited to eight discrete clearcut harvest blocks ranging from 9 to 60 ha, occupying 35-100 percent of individual subwatersheds in the CWE study area. These harvest units were logged using primarily skyline cable yarding techniques. Road and landing construction and tractor logging were limited to ridgetop and upper slope locations. Auxiliary studies examining summer low flow, soil pipe flow, bedload move ment, geochemical response, and biological aquatic effects were also monitored during this period. Monitoring began in 1985 and harvesting was done over a 3-year period (1989-1992). Harvesting began in the upper third of the North Fork watershed to aid in detecting the Existence of possible CWE's. Monitoring was maintained at all gaging stations through hydrologic year 1995. After 1995, a long-term monitoring plan was instituted. This plan uses a subset of the gaging stations (SF, NF, A, C, D, E, H, I) to monitor the possible long-term effects of timber harvesting, on stream discharge, suspended sediment, and bedload. C1 Calif Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Jackson Demonstrat State Forest, Mendocino Ranger Unit, Res & Demonstrat Program, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. RP Henry, N (reprint author), Calif Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Jackson Demonstrat State Forest, Mendocino Ranger Unit, Res & Demonstrat Program, 802 N Main St, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA PY 1998 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BM39R UT WOS:000078606900002 ER PT B AU Keppeler, E Brown, D AF Keppeler, E Brown, D BE Ziemer, RR TI Subsurface drainage processes and management impacts SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON COASTAL WATERSHEDS: THE CASPAR CREEK STORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Coastal Watersheds - The Caspar Creek Story CY MAY 06, 1998 CL UKIAH, CA AB Storm-induced streamflow in forested upland watersheds is linked to rainfall by transient, variably saturated flow through several different flow paths. In the absence of exposed bedrock, shallow flow-restrictive layers, or compacted soil surfaces, virtually all of the infiltrated rainfall reaches the stream as subsurface flow. Subsurface runoff an occur within micropores (voids between soil grains), various types of macropores (structural voids between aggregates, plant and animal-induced biopores), and through fractures in weathered and consolidated bedrock In addition to generating flow through the subsurface, transient rain events can also cause large increases in fluid pressures within a hillslope. If pore pressures Exceed stability limits of soils and shallow geologic materials, landslides and debris flows may result. Subsurface monitoring of pipeflows and pore pressures in unchanneled swales at North Fork Caspar Creek in the Jackson Demonstration State Forest began in 1985. Four sites have been established to investigate the effects of timber harvest (K1 and K2) and road building (E-road) for comparison with an unmanaged control drainage (M1). Flow through large soil pipes at these sites is highly transient in response to storm events, reaching peak discharges on the order of 100 to 1,000 L min(-1). Pore pressures at these sites also respond dynamically to transient rain events, but to dare have not exceeded slope stability limits. Most soil pipes cease flowing in the dry slimmer period and hillslope soil moisture declines to far below saturation, The clearcut logging and skyline-cable yarding of the K2 site resulted in dramatic increases in soil pipeflow and subsurface pore pressures. During the first 4 years after timber harvest, pore pressures increased 9 to 35 percent for the mean peak storm event in the control hll site. Peak soil pipeflow response wax far greater, increasing 400 percent in the 4-year postlogging period. These results suggest that the soil pipes are a critical component of subsurface hillslope drainage, acting to moderate the pore pressure response. As the subsoil matrix becomes saturated and pore pressures build, sail pipes efficiently, capture excess water and route it to the stream channel. This logging does not appear to have impaired the hillslope drainage function. Methods and results at the E-road site are quite different. Here, the mid-swale road construction and tractor yarding halle resulted in large changes in the pore pressure response. Positive pore pressures were negligible in the upper portion of this instrumented swale before disturbance. Subsequent to the road construction in May 1990, there was little indication of immediate impacts. But, after the completion of felling and tractor yarding in late summer 1991, dramatic changes in pore pressure response were observed beginning in hydrologic year 1993 and continuing to dare (1998). Largest pore pressure increases have occurred at sensor locations in and up slope of the road prism. Below the road, the response is muted. These data support previous studies documenting the profound effects of roading and tractor logging on watersheds and provide special insight into these effects for this region. C1 US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. RP Keppeler, E (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 802 N Main St, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA PY 1998 BP 25 EP 34 PG 10 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BM39R UT WOS:000078606900005 ER PT B AU Keppeler, ET AF Keppeler, ET BE Ziemer, RR TI The summer flow and water yield response to timber harvest SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON COASTAL WATERSHEDS: THE CASPAR CREEK STORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Coastal Watersheds - The Caspar Creek Story CY MAY 06, 1998 CL UKIAH, CA ID FOG-DRIP; CALIFORNIA; OREGON AB Continuous measurement of streamflow at the Caspar Creek watersheds has led to several analyses of the effects of tao harvest methods (selection and clearcut) on summer flows and annual yield. Although all Caspar Creek analyses have indicated an increase in runoff after timber removal, the magnitude and duration of the response depend on the nature and extent of the logging and site preparation, climatic conditions, as well as the definition of the hydrologic parameter at issue. Regression analysis using a calibration period of 1963 to 1971 leas used to compare annual yield, summer flow volume, and minimum streamflow between the South Fork (SFC) and the North Fork (NFC) of Caspar Creek for a 35-year period Selection/tractor logging of the SFC increased annual yield by a maximum of 2,053 m(3)ha(-1)yr(-1) during the seventh Ic,ater year after harvest began. Increased yields were observed beginning the second post-harvest year and averaged 15 percent or 932 m(3)ha(-1)yr(-1). Following clearcut logging 50 percent of the NFC watershed, annual yield increased by as much as 1,032 m(3)ha(-1)yr(-1) 8 years after logging and averaged 15 percent or 608 m(3)ha(-1)yr(-1) beginning in file second postharvest year. Streamflow changes due to logging are most evident during the long, dry summer season typical of northwestern California. During this prolonged recession, zones of deep perennial saturation maintain streamflow (baseflow). Statistically significant summer flow enhancements were evident on the SFC for 7 years after logging. Subsequently, SFC summer yields Jell at or below pretreatment predictions. Although summer flow increases amounted to relatively minor changes in minimum discharge averaging only 0.25 L s(-1)km(-2) on SFC and 0.40 L s(-1)km(-2) on NFC, these enhancements are quite substantial in comparison to pretreatment summer low flows. Minimum discharge increases averaged 38 percent after the SFC selection logging and 148 percent after the NFC harvest and site preparation. NFC flow enhancements persist through hydrologic year 1997 with no recovery trend, as yet. After logging, reduced interception and evapotranspiration allow for additional water to be storm in the soil and routed to streams as summer baseflow. At Caspar Creek, enhanced soil moisture in rile rooting zone followed timber han est in the NFC clearcut units. Previously intermittent stream reaches and soil pipes became perennial. The larger increases in minimum flows observed on the NFC are probably to be due to wetter soils in the clearcut units where little vegetation exists to use this enhanced moisture. On the selectively rut SFC, mature residual forest vegetation more readily exploited this additional soil moisture. Fog plays an important role in the regional ecology by moderating evapotranspiration. However, Caspar Creek data indicate that any possible postlogging loss of fog drip did not result in a net reduction in streamflow. Moisture savings die to reduced evapotranspiration appear to override any fog precipitation losses at this site. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. RP Keppeler, ET (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, 802 N Main St, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA PY 1998 BP 35 EP 43 PG 9 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BM39R UT WOS:000078606900006 ER PT S AU Dutta, PK Haynes, DF AF Dutta, PK Haynes, DF BE Grundy, P Koo, J Langen, I Roesset, JM TI Evaluation of polymeric composite window structures for Antarctic environment SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 4 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-98) CY MAY 24-29, 1998 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers DE composites; composite materials; polymer composite; windows; Antarctica; South Pole; cold; extreme cold; frost; accelerated testing; aging; durability AB A method to evaluate structural durability and performance of windows for use at the U.S. South Pole Station, Antarctica, is developed, Four commercial windows were mounted on a special test chamber simulating the antarctic conditions. The windows were instrumented with heat flux sensors, thermocouples, and strain gauges. The superiority of one product against the other was established on the basis of frost buildup, maintainability of thermal insulation, and structural integrity. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Dutta, PK (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-38-9 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 1998 BP 199 EP 205 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Petroleum; Engineering, Geological; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL51A UT WOS:000075724700032 ER PT S AU Fish, AM Zaretsky, YK AF Fish, AM Zaretsky, YK BE Chung, JS Frederking, RMW Saeki, H Moshagen, H TI Strength and creep of ice in terms of Mohr-Coulomb fracture theory SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING, VOL 2 SE International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-98) CY MAY 24-29, 1998 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Soc Offshore & Polar Engineers DE ice; strength; creep; model; frozen soil AB A constitutive model for secondary creep and strength of ice (and frozen soil) under multiaxial stress has been developed by combining two principal concepts: the Eiring-Frenkel rate process theory and the Mohr-Coulomb fracture theory. The strength of ice is described by a parabolic strength criterion, expanded by the authors from the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion with only three fundamental, physically well-founded parameters: ice cohesion c*, angle of internal friction phi*, and ice melting pressure p*. It is shown that all these parameters are functions of temperature, and the ice cohesion and friction angle are also functions of strain rate. A mathematical relationship was investigated between the strength parameters of ice determined by the Von Mises-Drucker-Prager and Mohr-Coulomb fracture theories. The validity of the model was verified using uniaxial compression field and laboratory, triaxial compression, and indentation tests of ice in the temperature range of -1 degrees to -40 degrees C and the strain rate range of 10(-7) and 10(-2) s(-1). C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Fish, AM (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OFFSHORE& POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1098-6189 BN 1-880653-36-2 J9 INT OFFSHORE POLAR E PY 1998 BP 416 EP 424 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Petroleum; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BL50Y UT WOS:000075723400063 ER PT S AU Taylor, S Feng, X Klaue, B Albert, M Kirchner, J AF Taylor, S Feng, X Klaue, B Albert, M Kirchner, J BE Taylors, S Hardy, J TI Using rare earth elements as chemical tracers in snow studies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH ANNUAL EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY JUN 02-03, 1998 CL JACKSON, NH SP Amer Geophys Union, Amer Water Resources Assoc, State Univ New York, Oswego Campus DE rare earth elements; tracers; snowmelt; snowpack ID MELTWATER; ELUTION AB We used rare earth element (REE) tracers to study snowpack dynamics at the Sleepers River Research Watershed, Vermont. REEs are ideal tracers for snow because they have very low natural abundances in snow, are soluble in natural precipitation, and can be detected at part-per-trillion concentrations. There are 14 different REEs available to mark snow layers. These elements have not previously been used as tracers in snow, and our preliminary observations confirmed their usefulness. Fresh snow was sampled after each major storm during the winter of 1997-1998 and chemical analyses of five REEs (Ce, Dy, Pr, Tm, and La) show that their natural background ranges from 1 to 10 ppt (ng/L). After each storm, spike solutions of these REEs were sprayed onto the snowpack overlying a lysimeter and an adjacent test area. Snow cores were taken from the test area before the main melt event. The distributions of REEs in the snow cores clearly mark the snow layers on which the tracers were applied. Some fraction of each tracer was lost from the snowpack before the main melt, but there was no sign of bleeding throughout the snowpack. The tracers near the top of the pack are eluted out earlier than tracers near the base, and refreezing of meltwater, as it moves through subzero sections of the snowpack, may cause some of the high tracer concentrations we observe at low melt rates. This work is part of a larger study aimed at understanding stable isotopic variability and snow solute chemistry in snowpacks and in snowmelt. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Taylor, S (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI NEWMARKET PA 161 LONDON RD, NEWMARKET, ONTARIO L3Y 7A7, CANADA SN 0424-1932 BN 0-920081-20-7 J9 PROC ANN E SNOW CONF PY 1998 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BN93G UT WOS:000083553700003 ER PT S AU Shultz, EF Albert, MR AF Shultz, EF Albert, MR BE Taylors, S Hardy, J TI An automated procedure for plotting snow stratigraphy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH ANNUAL EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY JUN 02-03, 1998 CL JACKSON, NH SP Amer Geophys Union, Amer Water Resources Assoc, State Univ New York, Oswego Campus DE snow; stratigraphy; plot; ICSI/GS; computer program AB Because snowpack stratigraphy influences the behavior of the pack, reports of research on snow often present illustrations of stratigraphy of the snowpack. Producing snowpack profiles by traditional manual methods is costly and time consuming. This paper describes a new, easy-to-use procedure for automatically plotting snowpack stratigraphy, either from one pit or from a series of pits, employing the software SnowPit98, our custom macro (program) and custom font for the commercially-available software, Excel97. The custom font is used to label the snow layering with the International Snow Classifications symbols. This paper describes our software, provides a user guide to its use, and shows example snow stratigraphy plots that can be generated. This software should be useful to snow physicists, hydrologists and chemists, and avalanche forecasters. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Shultz, EF (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI NEWMARKET PA 161 LONDON RD, NEWMARKET, ONTARIO L3Y 7A7, CANADA SN 0424-1932 BN 0-920081-20-7 J9 PROC ANN E SNOW CONF PY 1998 BP 147 EP 151 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BN93G UT WOS:000083553700016 ER PT S AU Davis, RE Metcalfe, JR Hardy, JP Goodison, B AF Davis, RE Metcalfe, JR Hardy, JP Goodison, B BE Taylors, S Hardy, J TI Variations in snow accumulation in the southern boreal forest - Preliminary analysis of 1993-1994 and 1994-1995 snow measurements SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH ANNUAL EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY JUN 02-03, 1998 CL JACKSON, NH SP Amer Geophys Union, Amer Water Resources Assoc, State Univ New York, Oswego Campus DE snow cover; snow water equivalent; interception; canopy ID EVAPORATION; BALANCE; CONIFER; AREA AB Snow measurements were made during the 1993-1994 and 1994-1995 snow cover seasons in the southern study areas of the Boreal Ecosystem Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) to examine spatial distribution and snow accumulation on the ground. Snow water equivalent (SWE) measured along snow courses in conifer stands was less than SWE measured in an open area and an aspen stand during the accumulation period, an indication of the effect of sublimation of intercepted snow. Differences increased with time to maximum accumulation. A weighted combination of snow course and under-crown measurements was used to estimate SWE for the stands. Differences in total accumulation between the two years were large; 1993-1994 had significantly less snow than 1994-1995. The black spruce stand had 36 mm water equivalent less than the open area in both years. The mature jack pine stand had 28 mm and 27 mm less than the open area in both years, while the young jack pine had 22 mm less the first year and 9 mm less the second. There was essentially no difference in accumulation between the open area and the snow course in the aspen stand in each of the two years. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI NEWMARKET PA 161 LONDON RD, NEWMARKET, ONTARIO L3Y 7A7, CANADA SN 0424-1932 BN 0-920081-20-7 J9 PROC ANN E SNOW CONF PY 1998 BP 153 EP 164 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BN93G UT WOS:000083553700017 ER PT B AU West, JE Carrillo, AR AF West, JE Carrillo, AR BE Tentner, A TI Experiences in developing an interactive modeling system using distributed HPC resources SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING (HPC'98) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th High Performance Computing Symposium on Grand Challenges in Computer Simulation at the 1998 Advanced Simulation Technologies Conference CY APR 05-09, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE interactive simulation; soil dynamics; meta-computing; distributed visualization; computational steering AB The ability to visually interact with and guide a running simulation can greatly enhance understanding of both the nature of a numerical model and the characteristics of the underlying physical process. Until recently, interaction with large scale simulations was inhibited not only by computational limitations, but by network and graphics capabilities as well. The increasing power of high performance computing (HPC) systems and networks have eliminated many of the barriers; yet compromises are often still necessary to achieve interactive response for many large scare simulations. In order to minimize such compromises, limiting factors associated with simulation performance, visualization network speeds, and HPC resource distribution must all be evaluated and addressed. This paper will discuss how many of these limiting factors were overcome during the development of a distributed, interactive soil modeling system. The implementation discussed in the current work is centered on a discrete element soil model used to simulate the behavior of soil masses subject to large deformations, but many of the techniques can be applied to a wide range of computational models. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP West, JE (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA BN 1-56555-145-1 PY 1998 BP 127 EP 132 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BM99U UT WOS:000080386700022 ER PT S AU Barnes, MJ Matz, MF AF Barnes, MJ Matz, MF GP HFES HFES HFES TI Crew simulations for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications: Sustained effects, shift factors, interface issues, and crew size SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 42ND ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Human Factors & Ergon Soc ID AUTOMATION AB The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) offers the potential to view future battlespaces at low cost while increasing crew survivability. The purpose of the two simulation experiments was to examine crew performance in controlling the UAV and exploiting close and short-range targets for 12-hour shifts in both day and night conditions during 72-hour operational tempos. In the first experiment, four two-person crews each conducted three 8 to 10 hour missions. The data indicated no performance decrements over either mission length or mission day but did suggest possible problems with nocturnal operations. The second experiment investigated a single operator workstation configuration. The 16 operators evinced training problems but showed no significant effects for rotation schedule and day and night conditions. Analysis of simulated crashes indicated flight control problems related to training, split attention, and display size constraints. C1 US Army Res Lab, Ft Huachuca Field Element, Ft Huachuca, AZ USA. RP Barnes, MJ (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Ft Huachuca Field Element, Ft Huachuca, AZ USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 USA SN 1071-1813 BN 0-945289-11-1 J9 HUM FAC ERG SOC P PY 1998 BP 143 EP 147 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BM69U UT WOS:000079494900029 ER PT S AU Sind-Prunier, P AF Sind-Prunier, P GP HFES HFES HFES TI This pin I wear: Telling the story of the human factors ergonomics profession SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 42ND ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Human Factors & Ergon Soc AB Professional outreach is an important responsibility of every member of the Human Factors & Ergonomics Society (HFES). By communicating information about our profession to outsiders, we increase visibility of the field, foster better understanding and hence increased cooperation from allied disciplines, promote sensitivity to user concerns, educate users to demand effectively designed products and services, and also, provide for continued recruitment of new generations into this discipline. This presentation focuses on the latter purpose, presentations intended to increase awareness of our profession among middle-, high school, and undergraduate college students. It uses a simple three-point framework to guide human factors professionals in preparing a clear, dynamic, relevant, and convincing presentation that can be delivered extemporaneously. The template is customized by the presenter who integrates his/her own experiences, and tailors it to the age group of the audience. This approach capitalizes upon the presenter's experience-based credibility and familiarity with personal examples, to ensure a presentation that is well received by young adult audiences. C1 USA, Soldier Syst Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Sind-Prunier, P (reprint author), USA, Soldier Syst Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 USA SN 1071-1813 BN 0-945289-11-1 J9 HUM FAC ERG SOC P PY 1998 BP 616 EP 618 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BM69U UT WOS:000079494900129 ER PT S AU Rice, VJ Murphy, M Sharp, M Mello, B Bills, R AF Rice, VJ Murphy, M Sharp, M Mello, B Bills, R GP HFES HFES HFES TI Effect of maximum acceptable vs. maximum capacity instructions for three lifting tasks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 42ND ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Human Factors & Ergon Soc ID MANUAL HANDLING TASKS; WEIGHTS; FORCES; DESIGN AB Psychophysical techniques for establishing lifting guidelines are used by industry and the military. The instructions used during industrial research refer to maximum acceptable lifts (MAL), while the military uses maximum capacity lifts (MCL). The purpose of this study was to determine male and female soldiers' load selections using two sets of instructions (MAL and MCL) and two lift heights (floor-knuckle and knuckle-shoulder) for three lifting tasks (one-repetition maximum, 1-hr and 8-hr repetitive lifting). Thirteen male and 13 female soldiers participated in this study. A repeated measures analysis of variance identified main effects. Newman-Keuls Comparison of Means were used to examine significant interactions. Results revealed no difference due to instructions. Men selected a greater load than women, and greater loads were selected for floor-knuckle versus knuckle-shoulder (p < 0.05). Although slight differences were seen between loads selected by industrial workers vs. soldiers, the research results appear comparable for repetitive lifting but not for single lifts. C1 USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Rice, VJ (reprint author), USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 USA SN 1071-1813 BN 0-945289-11-1 J9 HUM FAC ERG SOC P PY 1998 BP 912 EP 916 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BM69U UT WOS:000079494900193 ER PT S AU Haas, EC AF Haas, EC GP HFES HFES HFES TI Can 3-D auditory warnings enhance helicopter cockpit safety? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 42ND ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Human Factors & Ergon Soc AB The design and use of 3-D auditory warning signals can potentially enhance helicopter cockpit safety. A study was conducted to determine how quickly helicopter pilots could respond to helicopter malfunction warning signals in a simulated cockpit environment when four different signal functions (fire in left engine, fire in right engine, chips in transmission, shaft-driven compressor failure) were presented in three different presentation modes (visual only, visual plus 3-D auditory speech signals, visual plus 3-D auditory icons). The dependent variable was pilot response time to the warning signal, from the time of signal onset to the time that the pilot manipulated the collective control in the correct manner. Subjects were 12 U.S. Army pilots between the ages of 18 and 35 who possessed hearing and visual acuity within thresholds acceptable to the U.S. Army. Results indicated that signal presentation was the only significant effect. Signal function and the signal presentation x signal function interaction were not significant. Post hoc test results indicated that pilot response time to the visual signals supplemented with 3-D audio speech or auditory icon signals was significantly shorter than that to visual signals only. The data imply that 3-D audio speech and auditory icon signals provide a safe and effective mode of warning presentation in the helicopter cockpit. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Haas, EC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 USA SN 1071-1813 BN 0-945289-11-1 J9 HUM FAC ERG SOC P PY 1998 BP 1117 EP 1121 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BM69U UT WOS:000079494900235 ER PT S AU Knapp, BG Tillman, B AF Knapp, BG Tillman, B GP HFES HFES HFES TI Job skill assessment software system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 42ND ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Human Factors & Ergon Soc AB The US Army Research Laboratory is developing the Job Assessment Software System (JASS). JASS is a computer program to define and measure human aptitudes required to do a job. A person familiar with the job (designer, worker, trainee, etc.) uses JASS by answering "yes" or "no" to a series of questions. The answers identify the aptitudes required. For each required aptitude, JASS presents a 7-point scale to rate the aptitude level. JASS is based on the work of Dr. Edwin Fleishman (Fleishman & Quaintance, 1984) of George Mason University. This paper will describe JASS and its recent applications and will also describe current and anticipated efforts to further develop and improve the JASS tool. C1 USA, Res Lab, Ft Huachuca Field Element, Ft Huachuca, AZ USA. RP Knapp, BG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Ft Huachuca Field Element, Ft Huachuca, AZ USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 USA SN 1071-1813 BN 0-945289-11-1 J9 HUM FAC ERG SOC P PY 1998 BP 1319 EP 1321 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BM69U UT WOS:000079494900274 ER PT S AU Singer, MJ Ehrlich, JA Allen, RC AF Singer, MJ Ehrlich, JA Allen, RC GP HFES HFES HFES TI Virtual environment sickness: Adaptation to and recovery from a search task SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 42ND ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Human Factors & Ergon Soc AB Virtual Environment technology provides a new way to simulate real world activities. Research conducted in our program and elsewhere indicates that VE sickness is common and may affect the use of VE (Lampton, et al., 1994; Wann, 1993). Kolasinski (1995) identified three categories of factors associated with simulator sickness: individual, task, or equipment (simulator) based. We employed the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (Kennedy, et al., 1993) to investigate the progress of symptoms over an experiment. The task required searching through VE representations of complex building interiors for targets. The SSQ scores were not related to experimental condition nor was there a meaningful relationship with individual characteristics. Analyses found sickness: 1) increasing significantly from pre-VE exposure to mid-experiment measures, 2) significantly elevated at experiment end when compared to pre-experiment measures, and 3) not significantly different from the initial scores after a recovery period. These results indicate that a large proportion of the populace adapts to and recovers from VE successfully and within relatively short time frames. C1 USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Simulator Syst Res Unit, Orlando, FL USA. RP USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Simulator Syst Res Unit, Orlando, FL USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 USA SN 1071-1813 BN 0-945289-11-1 J9 HUM FAC ERG SOC P PY 1998 BP 1506 EP 1510 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BM69U UT WOS:000079494900314 ER PT B AU Zavada, JM AF Zavada, JM BE Abernathy, CR Brown, WD Buckley, DN Dismukes, JP Kamp, M Moustakas, TD Pearton, SJ Ren, F TI Rare earth doping of III-V nitride semiconductors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND SYMPOSIUM ON III-V NITRIDE MATERIALS AND PROCESSES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd ECS Symposium on III-V Nitride Materials and Processes, at the 192nd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Electrochem Soc, European III V Nitride Community AB Optoelectronic materials doped with rare earth atoms are receiving widespread attention due to their impact on optical communication systems operating at 1.54 mu m and 1.3 mu m. Optical amplifiers based on Er-doped fibers have demonstrated major improvements in link distance, data rates, and reduced needs for signal regeneration. The intra-subshell transitions of 4f electrons in rare earth ions lead to narrow absorption peaks in the ultra-violet, visible, and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Since it appears that the intensity of the room temperature light emission depends upon the energy bandgap of the host material, wide gap semiconductors may prove to be the best materials for device applications. Wide gap semiconductors, such as the III-V nitrides, doped with rare earth atoms offer the prospect of very stable, temperature-insensitive, light emitting diodes and laser diodes emitting at wavelengths from the visible to the near infrared. This paper presents a review of the rare earth doping and the luminescence characteristics of m-V nitride semiconductors. Aspects of Er atom incorporation in the crystal host, photoluminescence properties, and prototype electroluminescent devices based on III-V nitrides are addressed. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Zavada, JM (reprint author), USA, Res Off, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-187-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 97 IS 34 BP 261 EP 271 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BK63L UT WOS:000072820400030 ER PT B AU Zavada, JM Thaik, M Hommerich, U MacKenzie, JD Abernathy, CR AF Zavada, JM Thaik, M Hommerich, U MacKenzie, JD Abernathy, CR BE Hou, HQ Sah, RE Pearton, SJ Ren, F Wada, K TI Infrared LEDs based on Er doping of III-V nitride semiconductors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES FOR OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS AND THE TWENTY-EIGHTH STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Light Emitting Devices for Optoelectronic Applications / 28th State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors at 193th Electrochemical-Soc Meeting CY MAY 03-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div AB The III-V nitride semiconductor materials are the focus of intense world-wide research due to the recent development of blue-green light emitting diodes (LEDs) and blue laser diodes (LDs). The impact of these components on optical display systems, optical storage, and white lighting methods appears to be huge. Another area in which the m-V nitrides may be important is in the development of infrared (IR) LEDs and optical amplifiers. Wide gap semiconductors, such as the III-V nitrides, doped with rare earth atoms, offer the prospect of very stable, temperature-insensitive, LEDs and optical amplifiers operating at the primary wavelengths, 1.54 mu m and 1.3 mu m, used for optical communications. A new class of optical amplifiers and optical interconnects, based on rare earth-doped m-V nitride semiconductor materials, may lead to major improvements in various optoelectronic systems. In this paper we present results concerning a novel IR LED involving Er-doping of III-V nitride semiconductors. The LED is a hybrid device consisting of an Er-doped III-V nitride film that is optically pumped by a green InGaN LED. Aspects of Er incorporation in the m-V nitride host, photoluminescence properties, and prototype device structures operating at 1.54 mu m are described. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Zavada, JM (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-194-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 2 BP 10 EP 18 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BL49G UT WOS:000075698000002 ER PT B AU Shen, H Pamulapati, J Zhou, W Johnson, FG AF Shen, H Pamulapati, J Zhou, W Johnson, FG BE Hou, HQ Sah, RE Pearton, SJ Ren, F Wada, K TI Optical properties of quantum wells with embedded delta-strained layers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES FOR OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS AND THE TWENTY-EIGHTH STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Light Emitting Devices for Optoelectronic Applications / 28th State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors at 193th Electrochemical-Soc Meeting CY MAY 03-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div AB We present a new type of semiconductor quantum well structure that exhibits novel optical polarization properties. This structure has embedded delta-strained layers in an unstrained quantum well. By adjusting the thickness and the position of the delta-strained layers, the quantum confined Stark effect for the heavy- and light- holes can be engineered separately to control the bias dependent polarization properties. Experimental results agree well with theory. These unique bias dependent polarization properties have important applications in optoelectronic devices when specific polarization properties are required. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shen, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-194-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 2 BP 51 EP 55 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BL49G UT WOS:000075698000005 ER PT B AU Cole, MW Hubbard, C Demaree, D Fountzoulas, CG Natarajan, A Miller, RA Harris, D Xie, K Searson, P AF Cole, MW Hubbard, C Demaree, D Fountzoulas, CG Natarajan, A Miller, RA Harris, D Xie, K Searson, P BE Hou, HQ Sah, RE Pearton, SJ Ren, F Wada, K TI Thermal behavior of Ni ohmic contacts to n-SiC: A materials and electrical reliability investigation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES FOR OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS AND THE TWENTY-EIGHTH STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Light Emitting Devices for Optoelectronic Applications / 28th State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors at 193th Electrochemical-Soc Meeting CY MAY 03-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div AB This study developed and performed laboratory experiments which mimic the acute thermal cycling inflicted on device structures during high power switching for use in future EM-gun systems. Ni contacts to n-SiC were the device components selected for cyclic thermal testing. Modifications of the Ni-SiC materials properties in response to cyclic thermal fatigue were quantitatively assessed via Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), surface profilometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoindentation testing. Decreases in nanohardness, elastic modulus and surface roughness were observed in response to thermal fatigue. No compositional modifications were observed at the metal-semiconductor interface. Our results demonstrated that the majority of the material changes were initiated after the first thermal pulse and that the effects of subsequent thermal cycling (up to 10 pulses) were negligible. The stability of the metal-semiconductor interface after exposure to repeated pulsed thermal cycling lends support for the utilization of Ni as a contact metallization for high power pulsed switching applications. C1 USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-194-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 2 BP 392 EP 399 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BL49G UT WOS:000075698000035 ER PT B AU Ballard, JH Cullinane, MJ AF Ballard, JH Cullinane, MJ BE Bell, RS Powers, MH Larson, T TI Innovative Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS): In-situ sensor and sampling technologies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICS TO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING PROBLEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Environmental and Engineering Problems at the Annual Meeting of the Environmental-and-Engineering-Geophysical-Society CY MAR 22-26, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Environm Engn Geophys Soc AB The U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES), sponsored by the U.S. Army Environmental Center (AEC), developed the Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS) in response to a critical need of the U.S. Government to characterize soil and groundwater conditions on military installations. A cooperative, partnered effort was instituted between Tri-Service (Army, Navy, and Air Force) and Department of Energy (DOE) research laboratories to accelerate the development, demonstration, and transition of contaminant sensor and sampler technologies. This effort has produced a suite of cost-effective, in-situ, sensing and sampling technologies under the SCAPS umbrella that are capable of rapidly detecting, discriminating, and quantifying subsurface physical characteristics and a wide variety of soil and groundwater contaminants. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ballard, JH (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI WHEAT RIDGE PA 10200 W 44TH AVE #304, WHEAT RIDGE, CO 80033 USA PY 1998 BP 33 EP 42 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Geology GA BM36Q UT WOS:000078503000004 ER PT B AU Sjostrom, KJ Leist, RL AF Sjostrom, KJ Leist, RL BE Bell, RS Powers, MH Larson, T TI High-frequency acoustic imaging of L Lake, Savannah River Site, South Carolina SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICS TO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING PROBLEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Environmental and Engineering Problems at the Annual Meeting of the Environmental-and-Engineering-Geophysical-Society CY MAR 22-26, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Environm Engn Geophys Soc AB A side scan sonar and seismic reflection study of L Lake, Savannah River Site, South Carolina, was performed in June 1996. The geophysical investigation was conducted to determine the location, distribution, and depth of existing burial pits and mounds within the reservoir for incorporation into an Environmental Impact Statement. The results are also intended to supplement previous scientific information obtained from soil samples, aerial photography, and radiometric studies. Interpretation of the sonar data revealed numerous mounds along the reservoir bottom that appear to have been constructed by pushing nearby material into a heap to cover either the contaminated vegetative material, its ashes, or contaminated sediments. The mounds do not cover any burial trenches or pits although some small depressions are detected underneath the mounded material. C1 USAE, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Sjostrom, KJ (reprint author), USAE, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI WHEAT RIDGE PA 10200 W 44TH AVE #304, WHEAT RIDGE, CO 80033 USA PY 1998 BP 275 EP 284 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Geology GA BM36Q UT WOS:000078503000030 ER PT B AU Wraback, M Shen, H Pamulapati, J Newman, PG Binder, R Dutta, M AF Wraback, M Shen, H Pamulapati, J Newman, PG Binder, R Dutta, M BE Williams, RT Yen, WM TI Femtosecond studies of the excitonic optical Stark effect in an anisotropically strained multiple quantum well SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EXCITONIC PROCESSES IN CONDENSED MATTER - EXCON '98 SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Excitonic Processes in Condensed Matter (EXCON 98) / 194th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY NOV 01-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Electrochem Soc, Luminescence & Display Mat Div, Electrochem Soc, New Technol Subcomm AB Femtosecond pump and probe measurements with linearly polarized light pulses have been employed in the study of the excitonic optical Stark effect in a GaAs/AlGaAs MQW under in-plane anisotropic strain. A significant dependence of the photoinduced blue shift and bleaching of the lowest heavy-hole-like exciton resonance on the orientation of the pump and probe polarization vectors with respect to the axis of maximum compressive strain has been observed. Theoretical calculations performed using the generalized anisotropic multiband semiconductor Bloch equations provide a qualitative explanation of the experimental results. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL,SE,EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wraback, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL,SE,EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-219-2 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 25 BP 192 EP 197 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Physics GA BM63J UT WOS:000079309400028 ER PT S AU Saxena, A Kozikowski, AP Wang, SM Campiani, G Ding, QJ Doctor, BP AF Saxena, A Kozikowski, AP Wang, SM Campiani, G Ding, QJ Doctor, BP BE Fisher, A Hanin, I Yoshida, M TI Characterization of C-10 substituted analogues of huperzine A as inhibitors of cholinesterases SO PROGRESS IN ALZHEIMER'S AND PARKINSON'S DISEASES SE ADVANCES IN BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Progress in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases CY MAY 18-23, 1997 CL ELAT, ISRAEL SP Israel Inst Biol Res, Alzheimers Assoc Ronald & Nancy Regan Res Inst, Appl Genet, Bayer AG, Hoechst Marion Roussel Inc, Mitokor, Loyola Univ Chicago,Stritch Sch Med,Inst Neurosci & Aging, Novartis Pharma AG, Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Saxena, A (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0099-9962 BN 0-306-45903-5 J9 ADV BEHAV BIOL PY 1998 VL 49 BP 601 EP 605 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA BL91N UT WOS:000077133000085 ER PT J AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE TI Qubit devices and the issue of quantum decoherence SO PROGRESS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Review ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ERROR-CORRECTING CODES; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTION ARRAYS; NONCLASSICAL MOTIONAL STATES; PODOLSKY-ROSEN CHANNELS; TRAPPED ATOMIC IONS; COLD CESIUM ATOMS; OPTICAL LATTICES; SINGLE-ELECTRON; NOISY CHANNELS AB The exciting new field of quantum information science and technology is burgeoning with revolutionary new advances in the areas of quantum communication, quantum information processing, quantum computing, and quantum cryptography. Potential useful products of these advances include a wide variety of innovative qubit devices, ranging from quantum games and quantum teleporters to quantum computers and quantum robots. The major obstacle to the successful development of these devices is the phenomenon of quantum decoherence. This brief survey article gives reviews of a full gamut of potential qubit devices, alternating with expository discussions of the issue of quantum decoherence as it relates to the possible practical development of these devices. The qubit devices examined here include an interaction-free detector, a quantum key receiver, quantum games, various quantum gates, qubit entanglers, quantum dense coders, Bell-state analyzers, entanglement swappers, quantum teleporters, quantum repeaters, entangled atomic clocks, quantum copiers, various quantum computers, and quantum robots. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM hbrandt@lamp0.arl.army.mil NR 416 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 9 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6727 J9 PROG QUANT ELECTRON JI Prog. Quantum Electron. PY 1998 VL 22 IS 5-6 BP 257 EP 370 PG 114 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 204MC UT WOS:000080767200001 ER PT J AU Ader, DN Browne, MW Shriver, CD AF Ader, DN Browne, MW Shriver, CD TI Chronic cyclical breast pain and associated health care utilization, breast cancer risk, and psychological issues. SO PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0033-3174 J9 PSYCHOSOM MED JI Psychosom. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 60 IS 1 BP 102 EP 102 PG 1 WC Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA YV306 UT WOS:000071810000059 ER PT J AU Andrews, JT Kirby, ME Aksu, A Barber, DC Meese, D AF Andrews, JT Kirby, ME Aksu, A Barber, DC Meese, D TI Late Quaternary detrital carbonate (DC-) layers in Baffin Bay marine sediments (67 degrees-74 degrees N): Correlation with Heinrich events in the North Atlantic? SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; LABRADOR SEA; GREENLAND ICE; RAFTED DEBRIS; DAVIS STRAIT; CLAY-SIZE; SILT-SIZE; RATES; STRATIGRAPHY; ICEBERGS AB Episodes of glaciation in the region north of Baffin Bay resulted in the erosion of Paleozoic carbonate outcrops in NW Greenland and the Canadian High Arctic. These events are recognized in the marine sediments of Baffin Bay (BB) as a series of detrital carbonate-rich (DC-) layers. BBDC-layers thin southward within Baffin Bay; thus, the contribution of Baffin Bay ice-rafted carbonate-rich sediments to the North Atlantic is probably slight, especially compared with sediment output from Hudson Strait during Heinrich events. We reexamine (cf. Aksy 1981) a series of nine piston cores from the axis of Baffin Bay and across the Davis Strait sill and provide a suite of 21 AMS (14)C dates on foramininfera which bracket the ages of several DC-layers. The onset of the last DC event is dated in six cores and has an age of ca. 12.4 ka. In northern and central Baffin Bay a thick DC-layer occurs at around 4m in the cores and is dated > 40 ka. There were three to six DC intervening events. The youngest BBDC event (possibly a double event) lags Heinrich event 1 (H-l) off Hudson Strait, dated at 14.5 ka, but it is coeval with the pronounced warming seen in GISP2 records from the Greenland Ice Sheet during interstadial #1. We hypothesize that BBDC episodes are coeval with major interstadial delta(18)O peaks from GISP2 and other Greenland ice core records and are caused by or associated with the advection of Atlantic Water into Baffin Bay (cf. Hiscott et al., 1989) and the subsequent rapid retreat of ice streams in the northern approaches to Baffin Bay. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Earth Sci, St John, NF A1B 3X5, Canada. Cold Reg Environm Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Andrews, JT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Box 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM andrewsj@spot.coloradedu NR 81 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PY 1998 VL 17 IS 12 BP 1125 EP 1137 DI 10.1016/S0277-3791(97)00064-4 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 148XE UT WOS:000077558900004 ER PT B AU Kronenberg, S Brucker, GJ Bechtel, E AF Kronenberg, S Brucker, GJ Bechtel, E GP IEEE TI Solid state sensor for locating and imaging sources of gamma and x-radiation SO RADECS 97: FOURTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS 97) CY SEP 15-19, 1997 CL CANNES, FRANCE SP Thomson CSF, Aerospatiale Espace & Def, TEMIC Semiconductors, CEA/DAM, Ministere Culture, Sandia Natl Labs AB This paper describes the design and characterization of a directional Solid State Detector (SSD) that generates images of radiation point sources and scatter patterns from irradiated targets, thus accurately identifying their locations. Previous papers demonstrated that other types of directional radiation sensors, such as Ionization Chambers, Geiger-Mueller and Scintillation Counters, can be designed to detect and locate arrays of gamma ray and x-ray point sources and broad scatter patterns. C1 USA, Project Manager NBC Def Syst, AMSCB, PM,NNN,F, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Kronenberg, S (reprint author), USA, Project Manager NBC Def Syst, AMSCB, PM,NNN,F, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4071-X PY 1998 BP 294 EP 299 DI 10.1109/RADECS.1997.698912 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BL38P UT WOS:000075341800050 ER PT J AU Sliney, DH AF Sliney, DH TI Ultraviolet radiation effects upon the eye: Problems of dosimetry - Response by the author SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Laser Opt Radiat Programme, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sliney, DH (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Laser Opt Radiat Programme, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1998 VL 76 IS 4 BP 278 EP 278 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA ZY761 UT WOS:000074656700011 ER PT J AU McConnell, DJ Lewis, B Gray, L AF McConnell, DJ Lewis, B Gray, L TI Reengineering a single threaded embedded missile application onto a parallel processing platform using MetaH SO REAL-TIME SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Real-Time Systems (4th WPDRTS) CY 1996 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII DE real-time; reengineering; Architecture Description Language (ADL); multi-processor; software AB This paper describes a software/hardware architectural transformation of a single threaded, cyclic executive based missile application to a multitasking, distributed application using MetaH (Binns and Vestal 1993a, 1993b, 1995). The benefits of this process are: it provides a traceable path to the original language implementation, it achieves data encapsulation and data flow understanding, it separates out concurrent processes, it results in an object based design, and MetaH provides a robust mechanism for multiprocessor distribution. C1 Tennessee Appl Phys Sci, Fayetteville, TN USA. ELMCO Inc, Huntsville, AL USA. USA, Missile Command, Software Engn Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35809 USA. RP McConnell, DJ (reprint author), Tennessee Appl Phys Sci, Fayetteville, TN USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-6443 J9 REAL-TIME SYST JI Real-Time Syst. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 14 IS 1 BP 7 EP 20 DI 10.1023/A:1007937702003 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA ZA285 UT WOS:000072348200002 ER PT S AU Lewis, B Vestal, S McConnell, D AF Lewis, B Vestal, S McConnell, D BE Asplund, L TI Modern avionics requirements for the Distributed Systems Annex SO RELIABLE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES - ADA-EUROPE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Ada-Europe International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies CY JUN 08-12, 1998 CL UPPSALA, SWEDEN AB We ported an Architecture Description Language (ADL), MetaH, for automating the specification, analysis and building of Avionics/high reliability systems on top of Ada 95 and the Distributed Systems Annex (DSA). Our purpose was to explore the requirements for the DSA in such applications and to assess portability benefits. The problem domain of modern avionics will increasingly require strong partitioning of software with multilevel safety and reliability analysis to build highly complex, large, multiprocessor, predominately hard real-time software systems. This paper covers changes in the requirement driving the problem domain, the solution approach using an ADL, MetaH, on top of the DSA, and requirements for a usable DSA implementation. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Battlefield Automat Directorate, Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. Honeywell Technol Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55418 USA. Tennessee Appl Phys Sci, Fayetteville, TN 37334 USA. RP Lewis, B (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Battlefield Automat Directorate, Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-64536-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1998 VL 1411 BP 201 EP 212 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BM08Q UT WOS:000077581700018 ER PT B AU Johnson, WK AF Johnson, WK BE Loucks, DP TI Restoration through imagination in planning and management SO RESTORATION OF DEGRADED RIVERS: CHALLENGES, ISSUES AND EXPERIENCES SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SUB-SER 2, ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Environmental Rehabilitation of Large Scale Water Resource Systems CY OCT 01-07, 1995 CL YAROSLAVL, RUSSIA SP NATO, Sci Affairs Div AB Different paradigms, perspectives and images of the watershed are the basis for imaginative thinking and innovation. In planning and management such paradigms serve to direct our thinking toward new and imaginative solutions to our water resource problems. How do we imagine the watershed? Do we see a hydrologic construct of rivers and reservoirs, or a riverine-riparian ecosystem of habitat and species, or perhaps a bioregion, a geographical area of interacting life systems? What is the place of an economic or ecological conscience in our perspective? Do technics and narrative tell different stories of the watershed and its needs? How do we view negotiations in making trade-offs of different values and interests? Does adaptive management with its emphasis on data collection offer a different way of looking at the watershed? And do we have the desire to do our planning in a manner that builds relationships in addition to developing information? The discussion of these questions is informed by an examination of the purposes and conflicts at Corps of Engineers reservoirs in the United States. C1 USA, Hydrol Engn Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4942-3 J9 NATO ASI 2 PY 1998 VL 39 BP 57 EP 81 PG 25 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL39P UT WOS:000075371800002 ER PT B AU Schilling, KE AF Schilling, KE BE Loucks, DP TI United States water resources experience related to European water management concerns SO RESTORATION OF DEGRADED RIVERS: CHALLENGES, ISSUES AND EXPERIENCES SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SUB-SER 2, ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Environmental Rehabilitation of Large Scale Water Resource Systems CY OCT 01-07, 1995 CL YAROSLAVL, RUSSIA SP NATO, Sci Affairs Div C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4942-3 J9 NATO ASI 2 PY 1998 VL 39 BP 243 EP 253 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL39P UT WOS:000075371800014 ER PT B AU Smith, JB Harris, LE Tabar, JR AF Smith, JB Harris, LE Tabar, JR BE Tait, LS TI Preliminary evaluation of the Vero Beach, Florida Prefabricated Erosion Prevention (PEP) Reef SO RETHINKING THE ROLE OF STUCTURES IN SHORE PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology CY FEB 04-06, 1998 CL ST PETERSBURG, FL AB In August 1996, a 915-m long Prefabricated Erosion Prevention (P.E.P.) Reef submerged breakwater was deployed 70 m to 80 m offshore of the City of Vero Beach, Florida in response to historical shoreline erosion along portions of its coastline. To evaluate the effectiveness of the breakwater, a three-year monitoring program is being conducted by Indian River County and the US Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station. The program includes quarterly hydrographic and topographic surveys, wave transmission, breakwater settlement, and scour measurements. The purpose of the program is to determine profile and areal volumetric changes, wave attenuation effects, structure stability and shoreline response relative to pre-project conditions. A unique challenge to the monitoring program includes the presence of an irregular natural limestone reef which causes variable wave transformation, and an inshore perched sand wedge which shifts onshore and offshore in response to seasonal variations and episodic events. Preliminary findings concerning shoreline response, sediment volumetric changes, wave transmission effects, and breakwater settlement relative to pre-project conditions are presented. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Smith, JB (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA PY 1998 BP 19 EP 34 PG 16 WC Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BL60B UT WOS:000075973900002 ER PT B AU Kraus, NC Larson, M AF Kraus, NC Larson, M BE Tait, LS TI Numerical simulation of beach-profile change accounting for hard-bottom features SO RETHINKING THE ROLE OF STUCTURES IN SHORE PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology CY FEB 04-06, 1998 CL ST PETERSBURG, FL AB An algorithm was developed for representing a non-erodible or hard bottom in dune-erosion and beach-profile change numerical models. The algorithm, which conserves sand volume and preserves local direction of cross-shore transport, was implemented in the SBEACH model. Profile change calculated with SBEACH agreed favorably with available large-scale and mid-scale model physical model data involving exposure of a hard bottom. A scaling law for the transport rate parameter "K" was derived for simulating profile change in small-scale physical models and performed well. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kraus, NC (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA PY 1998 BP 123 EP 138 PG 16 WC Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BL60B UT WOS:000075973900009 ER PT B AU Granat, MA AF Granat, MA BE Tait, LS TI Jacksonville District hydrocyclone experience SO RETHINKING THE ROLE OF STUCTURES IN SHORE PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology CY FEB 04-06, 1998 CL ST PETERSBURG, FL AB The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Jacksonville District, continues to pursue hydrocyclone technology in expanding its capabilities and improving efficiencies in its multi-tasked dredging missions. Recent favorable bench-top hydrocyclone/maximum density separation technology testing has been conducted on contaminated Miami River sediments. These bench-top tests and follow-on flocculation processing have added to the knowledge base and demonstrated the technological capability of providing desired splits of sand, silt, and contaminates. Available up-to-date processing results are presented. Five, 30 gallon, Miami River contaminated sediment samples were processed through a six-inch maximum density separator obtaining a non-toxic sand split suitable for construction use and a toxic silty cohesive slurry. Flocculation processing of the resulting slurry was found to favorably increase settling rates by a factor of about 60, from 1-2 hours to about 1-2 minutes. The resulting overlying water was found to be clear, free of contaminants, and suitable for direct discharge back into the estuarine system. The reduced volume of settled finer-grained contaminated material would require reduced acreage in a confined upland disposal site. Positive bench-top test results clearly demonstrate the capabilities of this new coastal dredging technology for use in varied Corps of Engineers dredging missions'. Questions related to additional potential dewatering, site/land requirements for application processing and upland disposal, and resulting production rates remain unanswered. A pilot demonstration project is recommended to thoroughly address these and other cost effectiveness questions. Hydrocyclone technology has potential use in beach nourishment activities by removing the finer- grained particles in maintenance dredged materials, thereby increasing the amount of available beach quality sand. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Planning Div, Coastal Nav Sect, Jacksonville, FL 32202 USA. RP Granat, MA (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Planning Div, Coastal Nav Sect, Jacksonville Dist,400 W Bay St, Jacksonville, FL 32202 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA PY 1998 BP 139 EP 154 PG 16 WC Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BL60B UT WOS:000075973900010 ER PT B AU Stauble, DK AF Stauble, DK BE Tait, LS TI Evaluation of pre- and post-jetty inlet shoal evolution SO RETHINKING THE ROLE OF STUCTURES IN SHORE PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology CY FEB 04-06, 1998 CL ST PETERSBURG, FL AB A recent evaluation of the evolution of inlet shoal features has been performed at Barnegat Inlet, New Jersey and Pence De Leon Inlet, Florida to examine historic changes in inlet morphology before and after construction of navigation improvements. Both inlets existed at least as early as the 1700's and had similar natural features. Extensive data were available on historic inlet bathymetry, shoreline position and aerial photography. Navigation proved difficult at bath inlets, and required stabilization of the navigation channels. Barnegat Inlet was stabilized with two arrowhead jetties in 1939/40. A new south jetty was constructed from 1987 to 1991 to parallel the existing north jetty. Two jetties were constructed at Pence Inlet from 1968 to 1971. Similarities were found in the evolution from a symmetrical pre-jetty ebb shoal to an asymmetrical downdrift oriented ebb shoal after jetty construction. Natural migration of the inlet throat required stabilization but the jetties caused channel movement to the updrift jetty and formation of a throat shoal in both cases. The greatest differences were found in the evolution of the flood shoals, controlled by pre-existing bay geometry and migrating. flood channels. A better understanding of inlet morphodynamics will lead to a better understanding of inlet stabilization options. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Stauble, DK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA PY 1998 BP 169 EP 184 PG 16 WC Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BL60B UT WOS:000075973900012 ER PT B AU Williams, GL Welp, TL AF Williams, GL Welp, TL BE Tait, LS TI Overview of sand-silt separation technologies SO RETHINKING THE ROLE OF STUCTURES IN SHORE PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology CY FEB 04-06, 1998 CL ST PETERSBURG, FL AB Increased environmental restrictions on the placement of dredged material in open water disposal sites is forcing managers to re-consider upland disposal for dredged material that is not ideally suited for beneficial use because of material composition (contaminants, organics, fines, etc.). Conversely, upland disposal sites have been diminishing as existing sites reach capacity and potential new sits are used instead for higher-priority activities. To address this problem, particle separation techniques, common in other industries, are proposed to separate desirable beneficial use material (e.g. sands for beach nourishment) from undesirable silts. This paper examines some common particle separation technologies in the mining and mineral processing industries with potential application to dredging and dredged material placement/disposal. C1 USAE, Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Williams, GL (reprint author), USAE, Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA PY 1998 BP 331 EP 346 PG 16 WC Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BL60B UT WOS:000075973900023 ER PT B AU Foster, JL AF Foster, JL BE Haimes, YY Moser, DA Stakhiv, EZ TI Risk-based decision making for dam safety SO RISK-BASED DECISION MAKING IN WATER RESOURCES VIII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Engineering Foundation Conference on Risk-Based Decision Making in Water Resources CY OCT 12-17, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Engn Fdn, Univ Council Water Resources, ASCE Water Resources Planning & Management Div AB The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has been using risk analysis to make investment decisions for several years on proposed major rehabilitation projects which do not involve public safety issues. Efforts are now underway to extend the use of risk analysis to the Dam Safety Assurance Program. This paper presents the procedures proposed for USACE projects and discusses some of the issues which must be resolved if risk analysis is to be used to make safety-related decisions. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20314 USA. RP Foster, JL (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 20 Massachusetts Ave, Washington, DC 20314 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0347-3 PY 1998 BP 10 EP 18 PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BN19R UT WOS:000081048000002 ER PT B AU Walker, WW AF Walker, WW BE Haimes, YY Moser, DA Stakhiv, EZ TI Toward a risk-based assessment of shallow-draft navigation investments SO RISK-BASED DECISION MAKING IN WATER RESOURCES VIII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Engineering Foundation Conference on Risk-Based Decision Making in Water Resources CY OCT 12-17, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Engn Fdn, Univ Council Water Resources, ASCE Water Resources Planning & Management Div AB Sixty Corps of Engineers' locks and dams on the Ohio River and its major tributaries create some 2,800 miles of waterway navigable by shallow-draft vessels. Major manufacturing and energy-related industries rely on this transportation network. The Corps of Engineers uses system modeling techniques to estimate the national economic benefits of the Ohio River system of waterways. System analysis as practiced in the Ohio River Region of the Corps' Lakes and Rivers Division depends upon system-wide databases. These include traffic projections, lock capacity estimates, and transportation rate and cost estimates, all of which are primary inputs into a static system model capable of solving for equilibrium levels of traffic. The basics of this systems approach were developed in the late 1970s and have been modified over time in an effort to better reflect the benefits of a reliable system of locks and dams. Reliability models are being developed by the Corps in order to predict the performance of individual lock components over time horizons that extend 50 years and beyond. This paper presents a concept for incorporating the results of these component reliability models into the system equilibrium models used to estimate the benefits and costs of performance-enhancing lock improvements. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Ohio River Reg Navigat Planning Ctr, Huntington, WV 25701 USA. RP Walker, WW (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Ohio River Reg Navigat Planning Ctr, Huntington Dist,502 8th St, Huntington, WV 25701 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0347-3 PY 1998 BP 33 EP 43 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BN19R UT WOS:000081048000004 ER PT B AU Patev, RC Riley, B Schaaf, D Kathir, N AF Patev, RC Riley, B Schaaf, D Kathir, N BE Haimes, YY Moser, DA Stakhiv, EZ TI Time-dependent reliability and hazard function development for navigation structures in the Ohio River Mainstem System Study SO RISK-BASED DECISION MAKING IN WATER RESOURCES VIII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Engineering Foundation Conference on Risk-Based Decision Making in Water Resources CY OCT 12-17, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Engn Fdn, Univ Council Water Resources, ASCE Water Resources Planning & Management Div AB This paper describes the time-dependent reliability methodology and hazard function development for navigation structures in the Ohio River Mainstem System Study (ORMSS). The ORMSS is currently examining reliability over the next 50 years for structural, mechanical, and electrical components at 19 lock and dam structures. The time-dependent approach discussed in this paper accounts for the cumulative effects of degradation on reliability. Hazard rates for the components are developed based on the concept of "life cycles". The implementation of these methods is handled using Monte Carlo simulation for a 50-year life-cycle period. Illustrative examples are highlighted for a vertical beam component of a miter gate and for an anchored sheet-pile wall. C1 USAE, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Patev, RC (reprint author), USAE, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0347-3 PY 1998 BP 199 EP 211 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BN19R UT WOS:000081048000017 ER PT B AU Walker, WW AF Walker, WW BE Haimes, YY Moser, DA Stakhiv, EZ TI Dam safety and risk of extreme and catastrophic events SO RISK-BASED DECISION MAKING IN WATER RESOURCES VIII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Engineering Foundation Conference on Risk-Based Decision Making in Water Resources CY OCT 12-17, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Engn Fdn, Univ Council Water Resources, ASCE Water Resources Planning & Management Div C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Ohio River Reg Navigat Planning Ctr, Huntington, WV 25701 USA. RP Walker, WW (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Ohio River Reg Navigat Planning Ctr, Huntington Dist,502 8th St, Huntington, WV 25701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0347-3 PY 1998 BP 212 EP 215 PG 4 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BN19R UT WOS:000081048000018 ER PT S AU Shoemaker, CM Bornstein, JA AF Shoemaker, CM Bornstein, JA BE Gerhart, GR TI Overview of the Demo III UGV program SO ROBOTIC AND SEMI-ROBOTIC GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Robotic and Semi-Robotic Ground Vehicle Technology CY APR 15-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Soc Optical Engn DE robotics; unmanned ground vehicles; mobile robots; autonomous mobility; perception AB Planning for future military capabilities assumes the availability of highly mobile, agile, rapidly deployable forces. Incorporation of robotic (and semi-robotic) systems into future force structure to reduce casualties, increase tactical reach, counter battle fatigue, and reduce logistics burdens for rapid reaction forces offers one potential pathway for achieving this goal. The Demo III Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) Program is designed to advance and demonstrate the technology required to develop future unmanned ground combat vehicles through three major thrusts: (1) concerted technology development; (2) modeling, simulation and experimentation; and (3) technology integration and evaluation with users. Demo III focuses on demonstration of technology that will enable the development of small, highly agile, unmanned vehicles capable of off-road, semi-autonomous operation at speeds of up to 32 km/hr during daylight and 16 km/hr at night by summer 2001. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Shoemaker, CM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2815-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3366 BP 202 EP 211 DI 10.1117/12.317547 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Optics GA BL60V UT WOS:000075999400023 ER PT S AU Klager, GA Mills, TK David, P Bonner, K AF Klager, GA Mills, TK David, P Bonner, K BE Gerhart, GR TI RSTA for Demo III XUVs SO ROBOTIC AND SEMI-ROBOTIC GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Robotic and Semi-Robotic Ground Vehicle Technology CY APR 15-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Soc Optical Engn DE autonomous; unmanned; reconnaissance; surveillance; target acquisition; FLIR; aided target recognition AB The goal of the Demo III Program for Experimental Unmanned Vehicles (XUVs) is to develop and integrate technologies to provide a vehicle platform with autonomous capabilities. The platform will allow for the integration of modular mission packages to allow it to serve multiple needs across the battlefield. For demonstration purposes, the primary mission package will perform the functions of Reconnaissance, Surveillance, and Target Acquisition (RSTA). The RSTA mission package will provide the capability to conduct RSTA functions while both stationary and on the move. It will include a variety of sensor technologies along with signal and image processing capabilities to perform the RSTA mission. The paper will describe goals for the Demo III RSTA mission package, discuss the types of sensors being considered for platform integration, and summarize the RSTA related aspects of the recently awarded integration contract. Processing and algorithm capabilities required for the XUV to perform RSTA in an autonomous fashion, such as Aided Target Recognition (ATR), motion detection, motion detection on the move, etc. will also be discussed. C1 USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Klager, GA (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2815-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3366 BP 222 EP 233 DI 10.1117/12.317550 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Optics GA BL60V UT WOS:000075999400025 ER PT S AU Haas, G AF Haas, G BE Gerhart, GR TI A test facility for unmanned ground vehicles SO ROBOTIC AND SEMI-ROBOTIC GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Robotic and Semi-Robotic Ground Vehicle Technology CY APR 15-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Soc Optical Engn DE unmanned ground vehicle; vehicle testing; autonomous mobility AB A test course is being implemented at the U.S. Army's Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG), MD, to evaluate the performance of military unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) in traversing off-road terrain. The course is a subset of existing APG automotive test facilities specifically selected to provide challenges to the perception and navigation subsystems as well as to vehicular mobility. Portions of the course currently defined are described in detail, while the overall vision is described in general. Issues addressed in the implementation of this course are discussed, including ground truth and safety. An ideal field test facility is described, and trade-offs in the APG implementation are explained. An actual test using the course to characterize an obstacle detection subsystem is also described. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Haas, G (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2815-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3366 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.1117/12.317553 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Optics GA BL60V UT WOS:000075999400028 ER PT B AU Celmins, A AF Celmins, A BE Demsetz, LA Bryne, RH Wetzel, JP TI Route finding by Huygens' principle SO ROBOTICS 98 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd ASCE Speciality Conference on Robotics for Challenging Environments (Robotics 98) CY APR 26-30, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Aerospace Div, NASA, Natl Aeronaut Soc, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Architects, Sandia Natl Labs, Bechtel Corp, Fluor Daniel Corp AB We consider the problem of finding optimal long-distance routes for robots in a terrain with approximate information. The terrain is characterized by the average speed that can be maintained by the robot in different parts of the landscape. Additional specified terrain properties might be, for instance, the level of threat or visibility. The robot is required to find a route that corresponds to an optimum in terms of the terrain conditions. Examples of optimal routes are those with shortest travel time, those with minimal exposure to danger, those with a lowest or highest visibility, etc. A complete solution of the problem is obtained by an algorithm that is based on Huygens' principle of wave propagation. The algorithm has been developed for static terrain with a fixed destination point, but, because of its simplicity, it can be used also when the terrain is dynamic. Possible application areas of the algorithm are path finding for scouting robots in a battlefield, finding optimal routes for aircraft in hostile or dangerous environments. finding optimal routes in street maps, and, generally, finding routes that satisfy some optimality condition in an environment represented by maps. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Celmins, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0337-6 PY 1998 BP 43 EP 49 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Civil SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BM53M UT WOS:000079075400007 ER PT J AU Cole, MW AF Cole, MW TI Changes in the microstructural and electrical behavior of poly-Si films subjected to ion implantation and annealing process modifications SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE microstructure; ion implantation; implant temperature effects; annealing modification; poly-Si films AB Polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) films implanted with arsenic using beam currents of 500 mu A (400 degrees C) and 230 mu A (room temperature) have been investigated via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and spreading resistance analysis (SRA). Experimental observations demonstrated the annealed high beam current-implanted poly-Si to possess inferior electrical properties compared with that implanted at a lower beam current. The reduced electrical activity of the high beam current- versus the low beam current-implanted poly-Si was directly related to the postimplant microstructure (small grains similar to 140 nm vs. amorphous) and the mechanism of the subsequent anneal (grain growth vs. recrystallization). The recrystallization mechanism augmented the electrical activation of the As dopant (decreased sheet resistivity) via a reduction of total grain boundary area. Further improvement in the electrical performance of the low beam current-implanted poly-Si, a resistivity decrease of up to 28%, was incurred via a two-step annealing process. This process induced grain growth, which in turn minimized total grain boundary area and dopant trapping. C1 USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Div Mat, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Div Mat, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD JAN PY 1998 VL 20 IS 1 BP 41 EP 44 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA YX863 UT WOS:000072087200006 ER PT J AU Ballard, JN AF Ballard, JN TI RIB system - Calm waters for maritime applications? SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20314 USA. RP Ballard, JN (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20314 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 39 IS 1 BP 46 EP 47 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA YU446 UT WOS:000071718100018 ER PT S AU Amazeen, CA Locke, MC AF Amazeen, CA Locke, MC GP IEE IEE TI Developmental status of the US Army's new handheld standoff mine detection system (HSTAMIDS) SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE DETECTION OF ABANDONED LAND MINES SE IEE CONFERENCE PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on the Detection of Abandoned Land Mines CY OCT 12-14, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP IEE C1 USA, Commun & Elect Command, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Dir, Washington, DC 20002 USA. RP Amazeen, CA (reprint author), USA, Commun & Elect Command, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Dir, Washington, DC 20002 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS INSPEC INC PI EDISON PA 379 THORNALL ST, EDISON, NJ 08837 USA SN 0537-9989 BN 0-85296-711-X J9 IEE CONF PUBL PY 1998 IS 458 BP 193 EP 197 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BM03Z UT WOS:000077459600043 ER PT S AU Sherbondy, KD AF Sherbondy, KD GP IEE IEE TI Status of Vehicular Mounted Mine Detection (VMMD) program SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE DETECTION OF ABANDONED LAND MINES SE IEE CONFERENCE PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on the Detection of Abandoned Land Mines CY OCT 12-14, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP IEE AB To date, the primary mine detection sensor used by armed forces worldwide is the electromagnetic induction (EMI)-based metal detector. Simply, this device audibly announces to the operator the existence of metallic debris buried or hidden from the operator's sight. The operator interprets this announcement as an indication of the presence df amine. In contrast, there is naturally present or man-made metal debris everywhere within the world to frustrate, slow down and reduce the utility of this sensor as a mine detector. in addition, the threat encompasses large metal encased (anti-tank) mines to small plastic encased (antipersonnel)mines with minimum metal content. To intensify the military or humanitarian problem of detection, the mine threat is growing daily and adding to the already existing thousands of acres of land which are unusable-due to proliferation of millions of anti-tank (AT) and anti-personnel (AP):land mines. The U.S. Army has launched a developmental program called Vehicular Mounted Mine Detector (VMMD) to improve upon this labor intensive, high risk, hand-held process. This Vehicular Mounted Mine Detector program's goal is td develop a vehicular mounted mine detection capability for the mounted military soldier. This VMMD system will be comprised of active and passive sensor technology. Sensor fusion and automatic target recognition (ATR) algorithms will be key assets used to improve the detection capabilities and reducing the false-alarm problem. All of the sensors will be employed in a downward-looking (close-in) configuration and mounted onto an existing military vehicle for demonstration. The current Status of the VMMD system is discussed in this paper along with the sensing technologies, processing capabilities, test issues and sites and preliminary results. C1 USA, Commun & Elect Command, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Sherbondy, KD (reprint author), USA, Commun & Elect Command, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Washington, DC 20310 USA. OI Sherbondy, Kelly/0000-0003-4730-3706 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS INSPEC INC PI EDISON PA 379 THORNALL ST, EDISON, NJ 08837 USA SN 0537-9989 BN 0-85296-711-X J9 IEE CONF PUBL PY 1998 IS 458 BP 203 EP 207 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BM03Z UT WOS:000077459600045 ER PT J AU Waselenko, JK Nace, MC Alving, B AF Waselenko, JK Nace, MC Alving, B TI Women with thrombophilia: Assessing the risks for thrombosis with oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy SO SEMINARS IN THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article DE thrombophilia; hormone replacement therapy; oral contraceptives; thrombosis ID FACTOR-V-LEIDEN; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PROTHROMBIN GENE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PULMONARY-EMBOLISM; ESTROGEN; DISEASE; POPULATION; MUTATION AB Women with inherited or acquired thrombophilia are at increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) when they use oral contraceptives (OCs) of either the second or third generation. For women who are heterozygous for Factor V Leiden, the risk is probably 28 to 50 of 10,000 women-gears compared to 2 to 5 of 10,000 years for those not known to have thrombophilia. The thrombotic risk is highest during the first year that OCs are used. Whether women with thrombophilia are at increased risk for VTE when they use hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has not been assessed in any study. For women without thrombophilia, the risk for VTE associated with HRT is probably 2 to 3 of 10,000 years. The benefits of HRT include reduced risk for myocardial infarction and Alzheimer's disease, and increased bone density. The physiological changes induced by HRT are not the same as those induced by OCs. Small studies have suggested that for women who have additional risks of thrombosis (i.e., perioperative setting, underlying systemic lupus erythematosus), HRT does not confer the same increased risk of thrombosis, as does the use of OCs, Until data are available to address the magnitude of any increase in thrombotic risk induced by HRT for women with thrombophilia, physicians probably serve their patients best by providing information about the benefits of HRT, emphasizing that the risk of VTE is unknown, and encouraging patients to take an active role in decisions about their healthcare. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Alving, B (reprint author), Washington Hosp Ctr C2151, 110 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0094-6176 J9 SEMIN THROMB HEMOST JI Semin. Thromb. Hemost. PY 1998 VL 24 SU 1 BP 33 EP 39 PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 172RQ UT WOS:000078938400005 PM 9840690 ER PT S AU Johnson, JL Schamschula, MP Inguva, R Caulfield, HJ AF Johnson, JL Schamschula, MP Inguva, R Caulfield, HJ BE Dasarathy, BV TI Pulse coupled neural network sensor fusion SO SENSOR FUSION: ARCHITECTURES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensor Fusion - Architectures, Algorithms, and Applications II CY APR 16-17, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB Perception is assisted by sensed impressions of the outside world but not determined by them. The primary organ of perception is the brain and, in particular, the cortex. With that in mind, we have sought to see how a computer-modeled cortex - the PCNN or Pulse Coupled Neural Network - performs as a sensor fusing element. In essence, the PCNN is comprised of an array of integrate-and-fire neurons with one neuron for each input pixel. In such a system, the neurons corresponding to bright pixels reach firing threshold faster than the neurons corresponding to duller pixels. Thus, firing rate is proportional to brightness. In PCNNs, when a neuron fires it sends some of the resulting signal to its neighbors. This linking can cause a near-threshold neuron to fire earlier than it would have otherwise. This leads to synchronization of the pulses across large regions of the image. We can simplify the three-dimensional PCNN output by integrating out the time dimension. Over a long enough time interval, the resulting two-dimensional (x,y) pattern IS the input image. The PCNN has taken it apart and put it back together again. The shorter-term time integrals are interesting in themselves and will be commented upon in the paper. The main thrust of this paper is the use of multiple PCNNs mutually coupled in various ways to assemble a single two-dimensional pattern or fused image. Results of experiments on PCNN image fusion and an evaluation of its advantages are our primary objectives. C1 USA, AMCOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35809 USA. RP Johnson, JL (reprint author), USA, AMCOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35809 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2825-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3376 BP 219 EP 226 DI 10.1117/12.303682 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BL17E UT WOS:000074540200021 ER PT S AU Brubaker, KM AF Brubaker, KM BE Snow, PR Randall, DA TI Soldier systems sensor fusion SO SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR SOLDIER SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Sensor Technology for Soldier Systems CY APR 15, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE soldier system; sensor fusion; integration; human platform; land warrior; FXXI land warrior AB paper addresses sensor fusion and its applications in emerging Soldier Systems integration and the unique challenges associated with the human platform. Technology that provides the highest operational payoff in a lightweight warrior system must not only have enhanced capabilities, but have low power components resulting in order of magnitude reductions coupled with significant cost reductions. These reductions in power and cost will be achieved through partnership with industry and leveraging of commercial state of the art advancements in microelectronics and power sources. A new generation of full solution fire control systems (to include temperature, wind, and range sensors) and target acquisition systems will accompany a new generation of individual combat weapons and upgrade existing weapon systems. Advanced lightweight thermal, IR, laser and video sensors will be used for surveillance, target acquisition, imaging and combat identification applications. Multifunctional sensors will provide embedded training features in combat configurations allowing the soldier to "train as he fights" without the traditional cost and weight penalties associated with separate systems. Personal status monitors (detecting pulse, respiration rate, muscle fatigue, core temperature, etc.) will provide commanders and higher echelons instantaneous medical data. Seamless integration of GPS and dead reckoning (compass and pedometer) and/or inertial sensors will aid navigation and increase position accuracy. Improved sensors and processing capability will provide earlier detection of battlefield hazards such as mines, enemy lasers and NBC (nuclear, biological, chemical) agents. Via the digitized network the situational awareness database will automatically be updated with weapon, medical, position and battlefield hazard data. Soldier Systems Sensor Fusion will ultimately establish each individual soldier as an individual sensor on the battlefield. C1 USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Soldier Syst Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Brubaker, KM (reprint author), USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Soldier Syst Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2843-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3394 BP 73 EP 78 DI 10.1117/12.321035 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BL66K UT WOS:000076232500008 ER PT S AU Schloegel, K Karypis, G Kumar, V AF Schloegel, K Karypis, G Kumar, V GP IEEE IEEE TI Load balancing of dynamic and adaptive mesh-based computations SO SEVENTEENTH IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON RELIABLE DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE SYMPOSIUM ON RELIABLE DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems (SRDS98) CY OCT 20-23, 1998 CL W LAFAYETTE, IN SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Processing, Purdue Univ, Ohio State Univ C1 Univ Minnesota, Army HPC Res Ctr, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Schloegel, K (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Army HPC Res Ctr, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-9857 BN 0-8186-9218-9 J9 SYM REL DIST SYST PY 1998 BP 311 EP 311 DI 10.1109/RELDIS.1998.740514 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BM30D UT WOS:000078318600038 ER PT J AU Fansler, KS AF Fansler, KS TI Description of muzzle blast by modified ideal scaling models SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB Gun blast data from a large variety of weapons are scaled and presented for both the instantaneous energy release and the constant energy deposition rate models. For both ideal explosion models, similar amounts of data scatter occur for the peak overpressure but the instantaneous energy release model correlated the impulse data significantly better, particularly for the region in front of the gun. Two parameters that characterize gun blast are used in conjunction with the ideal scaling models to improve the data correlation. The gun-emptying parameter works particularly well with the instantaneous energy release model to improve data correlation. In particular, the impulse, especially in the forward direction of the gun, is correlated significantly better using the instantaneous energy release model coupled with the use of the gun-emptying parameter. The use of the Mach disc location parameter improves the correlation only marginally. A predictive model is obtained from the modified instantaneous energy release correlation. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Fansler, KS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 1998 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 105AF UT WOS:000075049100001 ER PT J AU Sharp, MK Yule, DE AF Sharp, MK Yule, DE TI Ground motion and air overpressure study SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB A seismic attenuation and air overpressure study was conducted to determine the attenuation of explosion induced ground motions and air overpressures as a function of distance from shallow subsurface detonated charges, and to derive parameters to predict blast effects at distances beyond the ordinance disposal facility boundary. A total of 210 explosive shots were monitored producing 2048 time histories of ground motions recorded in the vertical, radial, and transverse directions, in addition to recording air overpressures. The data were analyzed for peak particle velocities and peak air overpressures, then plotted versus scaled range. A best fit line was determined for the data to give average, 95% non-exceedance, and upper bound predictive equations which can be used in the disposal operations to avoid damage to adjacent structures. C1 USA, Geotech Lab, Earthquake Engn & Geosci Div, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Sharp, MK (reprint author), USA, Geotech Lab, Earthquake Engn & Geosci Div, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 1998 VL 5 IS 3 BP 159 EP 170 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 151RW UT WOS:000077735300003 ER PT S AU Fuchs, BE Droughton, J Persson, PA AF Fuchs, BE Droughton, J Persson, PA BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Modifications to Oh-Persson equation of state SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The theory and prior experimental studies for the high pressure shock compaction of porous metals are reviewed. The Mie-Gruneisen and Constant Derivative Mie-Gruneisen equations of state are not accurate for materials of high initial porosity shocked to high pressures. The equation of state proposed by Oh and Persson for these highly porous materials reduces the Gruneisen parameter of high internal energy states. The Oh-Persson equation of state does not predict the larger volumes at higher shock pressures known to exist for material of low initial porosity. We have modified the Oh-Persson equation of state by using an approximate Oh-Persson equation of state that has two asymptotes: the Mie-Gruneisen constant at low energy states and 0.5 at high energy states. The equation of state was applied to porous tungsten and compared with experimental data from the literature and other equations of state. The proposed equation of state shows improved correlation to experimental data for tungsten with high initial porosity, and reflects the larger volumes at high shock pressures for materials with low initial density. This is achieved while maintaining the close correlation to data obtained by most equations of state at higher initial densities. C1 USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Fuchs, BE (reprint author), USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 31 EP 34 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700005 ER PT S AU Segletes, SB Waiters, WP AF Segletes, SB Waiters, WP BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Comments on the Gruneisen parameter SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The equation of state developed by Segletes is compared with prior theories. By modifying the functional relationship for the yr variable and eliminating higher order terms, each of three historical theories for the Gruneisen function can be made to fall directly out of the model-namely, the theories of Slater, Dugdale and MacDonald, and the free-volume theory. One concludes that Segletes' model captures the essence of all of the older theories, each of which being nominally applicable under an appropriate circumstance. The current model differs, however, from these historical models, if the higher order terms are retained. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Segletes, SB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 39 EP 42 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700007 ER PT S AU Weerasooriya, T AF Weerasooriya, T BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Modeling compressive flow behavior of a tungsten heavy alloy at different strain rates and temperatures SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Room temperature stress-strain behavior was obtained for a tungsten heavy alloy at 9000, 0.1 and 0.0001/s strain rates. In addition, at the strain rate of 0.1/s, stress-strain data were obtained at 423 degrees K, 573 degrees K and 732 degrees K. Deformation behavior was modeled using standard and modified Johnson-Cook (JC) and Power-Law (PL) models. In the modified models, the temperature terms are replaced by other functions that are proposed in the literature for these models as well as by Arrhenius type exponential functions. The best representation of the data was obtained from modified models with the exponential temperature functions. The model constants were determined using slow rate stress-strain data and the high rate yield stress. This paper presents the modified JC and PL models and the corresponding model constants for the tungsten heavy alloy. C1 USA, Res Lab, Div Mat, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Weerasooriya, T (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Div Mat, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 235 EP 238 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700053 ER PT S AU Grove, DJ Rajendran, AM AF Grove, DJ Rajendran, AM BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI A comparison study between scalar and multi-plane micro cracking ceramic damage models SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The Rajendran-Grove (RG) ceramic damage model is based on an elastic-plastic-cracking description. A crack density parameter gamma (= N-o* a(3)) describes the scalar damage. The number of flaws N-o* is assumed to be constant and the crack size parameter "a" evolves according to a strain energy release based evolution law. Crack orientation is not considered in this model. However, Espinosa's multi-plane (MP) microcracking model considers crack orientations in nine pre-selected directions and computes damage by summing up the crack density contribution from all nine directions. Both models account for crack opening and sliding. These two models have been implemented in the 1995 version of the EPIC code. We simulated plate impact experiments in which a thin alumina flyer plate impacted a thick alumina plate. The experimental data consisted of particle velocities recorded at the back face of the target plate. This paper compares the results from the EPIC code simulations using the RG and MP ceramic models. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Grove, DJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 255 EP 258 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700058 ER PT S AU Stiel, LI Baker, EL AF Stiel, LI Baker, EL BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Detonation energies of explosives by optimized JCZ3 procedures SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Procedures for the detonation properties of explosives have been extended for the calculation of detonation energies at adiabatic expansion conditions. The use of the JCZ3 equation of state with optimized Exp-6 potential parameters leads to lower errors in comparison to JWL detonation energies than for other methods tested. C1 Polytech Univ, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. USA, TACOM, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Stiel, LI (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 357 EP 360 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700083 ER PT S AU Dandekar, DP AF Dandekar, DP BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Shock, release, and tension response of soda lime glass SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB This work describes the result of shock wave experiments on soda lime glass in which the shock wave profiles were recorded simultaneously at or near the impact surface and the free surface of the glass specimen by means of multi-beam VISAR. Since earlier work(1) indicated that the glass under shock compression does not follow the Gladstone-Dale model these profiles provide accurate and self consistent values of transit times for shock, release, and tensile waves propagating in soda lime glass. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Dandekar, DP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 525 EP 528 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700124 ER PT S AU Boteler, JM AF Boteler, JM BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Compression-shear study of Glass Reinforced Polyester SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Fiber reinforced organic matrix composites, due to their lower density, are being considered for armor applications where weight is an important factor. In this work, shock wave experiments were performed on Glass Reinforced Polyester (GRP) composite to investigate delamination due to normal and off-axis impact. This study extends the prior work of Dandekar and Beaulieu which examined both the compressive and tensile strengths of GRP under normal loading conditions. Symmetric impact shock wave experiments were performed on a 102 mm slotted barrel single-stage light gas gun over a range of obliquity to 26 degrees. Oblique impact geometry was chosen to investigate the shear strain dependence of the delamination process. Particle velocity history was measured by VISAR and the "pull-back" signal typifying delamination provided a measure of the delamination strength. Delamination was detected from measurements of the particle velocity history using VISAR. Delamination values as low as 0.007 GPa were recorded for shock stress of 0.103 GPa and obliquity of 26 degrees. Overall the delamination threshold in GRP was observed to decrease with increasing obliquity, suggesting shear strain dependence. These results will be discussed and the experimental details describing the compression-shear experimental arrangement will be provided. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Boteler, JM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 537 EP 540 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700127 ER PT S AU Lanzerotti, Y Sharma, J AF Lanzerotti, Y Sharma, J BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Mechanical behavior of energetic materials during high acceleration in an ultracentrifuge SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The mechanical behavior of explosives subject to high acceleration (high g) has been studied in an ultracentrifuge. Melt-cast TNAZ and pressed TNAZ, LX-14, Composition A3 type II, PAX-2A, and PAX-3 have been studied. Failure occurs when the shear or tensile strength of the explosive is exceeded The fracture strength of melt-cast TNAZ is greater than the fracture strength of pressed TNAZ. The fracture strength of LX-14 is greater than the fracture strength of all pressed explosives studied to date. The fracture strength of Composition A3 type II is smaller than the fracture strength of all pressed explosives studied to date. The fracture strength of PAX-2A is greater than the fracture strength of PAX-3. C1 USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Lanzerotti, Y (reprint author), USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 595 EP 597 PG 3 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700141 ER PT S AU Raftenberg, MN AF Raftenberg, MN BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Tensile damage effects in steel plate perforation by a tungsten rod SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The EPIC Lagrangian wavecode was used to study sensitivities of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) target hole size and the length and speed of a tungsten heavy alloy (WHA) residual rod to RHA spall pressure. The target had a 50.8-mm thickness, and the rod had a 112.0-mm length, a 20.9-mm diameter, and a striking speed of 1.52 km/s. Corresponding to a spall pressure of -0.5 GPa, good agreement with experiment was obtained in terms of target hob size and residual length for two different RHA fits to the Johnson-Cook strength model. Adiabatic shear banding in RHA is proposed to be the mechanism by which spall pressure is locally changed from its measured value of -3.0 GPa. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Raftenberg, MN (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 909 EP 912 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700215 ER PT S AU Rajendran, AM Walsh, KP AF Rajendran, AM Walsh, KP BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Modeling of in-situ ballistic measurements using the Rajendran-Grove and Johnson-Holmquist ceramic models SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB This paper presents results from numerical simulations of a ballistic experiment in which a long-rod tungsten projectile strikes and penetrates a layered target consisting of two silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic tiles backed by an RHA steel block. In the experiment, the penetrating rod's tail-end velocity history was recorded by a specially designed Doppler radar system, the stress-time histories at the tile/tile and tile/steel interfaces were recorded using embedded stress gauges, and the rod's residual depth of penetration (DOP) into the steel block was measured. The 1995 version of the EPIC finite element code was employed to simulate this experiment. The results obtained from the numerical simulations using the Rajendran-Grove (RG) and Johnson-Holmquist (JH2) ceramic models were compared with the experimental data. This paper further discusses the abilities of the RG and JH2 models to reproduce the measured data from ballistic as well as plate impact experiments. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Rajendran, AM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 913 EP 916 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700216 ER PT S AU Scheidler, M AF Scheidler, M BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Response of nonlinear elastic solids to oblique plate impact SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB We give a theoretical analysis of the nonlinear elastic response in the interior of the target in an oblique plate impact test, prior to interactions with any reflected waves. Approximate relations are derived between the changes in stress, strain, particle velocity, and wave speeds across the shear wave by neglecting shear strain terms of order six in the internal energy function. The results are valid for any finite (elastic) longitudinal strain ahead of the shear wave. They apply to isotropic materials and to appropriately aligned transversely isotropic and orthotropic materials. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Scheidler, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 921 EP 924 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700218 ER PT S AU Pritchard, DS AF Pritchard, DS BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Fuzzy logic applied to shaped charge jet penetration of glass composite SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB A shaped charge warhead designed to produce an ideal jet, always has at least some small manufacturing flaws that degrade jet formation. This degradation is reflected in a vague or fuzzy sense when its effect in turn degrades penetration performance. Fuzzy logic was used to relate warhead performance to manufacturing errors. Fuzzy penetration versus standoff points are predicted to lie within a confidence band with boundaries perpendicular to a linear least-squares fit (LLSQ) to 13 well-distributed experimental data points for a shaped charge penetrating semi-infinite S2 Glass composite. On a penetration versus standoff plot, the LLSQ line at zero standoff intercepts the penetration axis at 8.01 charge diameters (CD), and at 20.00 CD standoff (the outer experimental limit) the penetration is 2.89 CD. For any standoff over the experimental range, predicted penetration is within +/-11% of the least-squares value at that standoff. This percentage interval forms the upper and lower boundary for the confidence band. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Pritchard, DS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 975 EP 978 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700231 ER PT S AU Fazi, C Neudeck, PG AF Fazi, C Neudeck, PG BE Pensl, G Morkoc, H Monemar, B Janzen, E TI Wide dynamic range RF mixers using wide-bandgap semiconductors SO SILICON CARBIDE, III-NITRIDES AND RELATED MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Silicon Carbide, III-Nitrides and Related Materials (ICSCIII-N 97) CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 1997 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Linkoping Univ, ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Cree Res Ltd, Okmetik OY, Epigress AB, Swedish Res Council Engn Sci, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, Ericsson Components AB, Thomson CSF, Siemens AG, Daimler Benz AG, City Stockholm, Stockholm Cty Council DE wide-dynamic-range; mixers AB This paper describes how wide-bandgap semiconductors, such as silicon carbide or gallium nitride, can be useful in developing a wide dynamic range rf mixer with low intermodulation distortion products, instead of using conventional narrow bandgap semiconductors, such as silicon and gallium arsenide junctions, which have limited dynamic range. A wider dynamic range mixer allows for the reception of weak rf signals, even in the presence of strong undesired signals. This feature also permits closer location of rf sources and receivers with less severe interference. Using an improved high-level mixer can lead to better communications, radar, and navigational equipment for aircraft, maritime, and other applications that share an overcrowded rf spectrum. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Fazi, C (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Monemar, Bo/B-3718-2016 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-790-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1998 VL 264-2 BP 913 EP 915 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK61S UT WOS:000072751000216 ER PT S AU Scozzie, CJ McGarrity, JM AF Scozzie, CJ McGarrity, JM BE Pensl, G Morkoc, H Monemar, B Janzen, E TI Charge pumping measurements on SiC MOSFETs SO SILICON CARBIDE, III-NITRIDES AND RELATED MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Silicon Carbide, III-Nitrides and Related Materials (ICSCIII-N 97) CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 1997 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Linkoping Univ, ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Cree Res Ltd, Okmetik OY, Epigress AB, Swedish Res Council Engn Sci, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, Ericsson Components AB, Thomson CSF, Siemens AG, Daimler Benz AG, City Stockholm, Stockholm Cty Council DE SiC; MOSFETs; interface traps; charge pumping; electrical and thermal stress effects AB High quality SiC/SiO2 interfaces are critical to the development of silicon carbide power MOSFETs and MOS-controlled thyristors. In this work, the charge pumping technique was used to examine the effects of thermal stress on the SiC/SiO2 interface of n-channel MOSFETs that had gate oxides formed by low-pressure chemical-vapor deposition on the silicon face of a 6H-SiC epitaxial layer with subsequent re-oxidization to improve the interface. These devices were found to have a Fire-stress mean interface-trap density of 5 x 10(11) cm(-2) eV(-1) at room temperature. The interface-trap density for these oxides was shown to be significantly increased by applying moderate stress (2MV/cm) at 300 degrees C. The post stress change in device characteristics was consistent with the stress-induced increase in interface traps as measured by the charge pumping technique. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Scozzie, CJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Monemar, Bo/B-3718-2016 NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-790-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1998 VL 264-2 BP 985 EP 988 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK61S UT WOS:000072751000234 ER PT S AU Joshi, RP Fazi, C AF Joshi, RP Fazi, C BE Pensl, G Morkoc, H Monemar, B Janzen, E TI Computer model simulation of SiC diode reverse-bias instabilities due to deep energy impurity levels SO SILICON CARBIDE, III-NITRIDES AND RELATED MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Silicon Carbide, III-Nitrides and Related Materials (ICSCIII-N 97) CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 1997 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Linkoping Univ, ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Cree Res Ltd, Okmetik OY, Epigress AB, Swedish Res Council Engn Sci, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, Ericsson Components AB, Thomson CSF, Siemens AG, Daimler Benz AG, City Stockholm, Stockholm Cty Council DE SiC diodes; high-field instabilities AB We performed numerical simulations of the transient response of reverse-biased silicon carbide (SiC) diodes to fast voltage pulses, based on a drift-diffusion transport model. Our results reveal that SiC material containing "deep defects" can lead to high device currents and internal heating. This could potentially be detrimental to device stability and lead to premature device breakdown. The minority electrons within P-regions containing deep levels are shown to play an important role. These results suggest that defect control and suppression of deep states will be crucial for the successful development of stable SiC devices for high-power applications. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Joshi, RP (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RI Monemar, Bo/B-3718-2016 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-790-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1998 VL 264-2 BP 1033 EP 1036 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK61S UT WOS:000072751000246 ER PT S AU Neudeck, PG Fazi, C AF Neudeck, PG Fazi, C BE Pensl, G Morkoc, H Monemar, B Janzen, E TI Nanosecond risetime pulse characterization of SiC p(+)n junction diode breakdown and switching properties SO SILICON CARBIDE, III-NITRIDES AND RELATED MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Silicon Carbide, III-Nitrides and Related Materials (ICSCIII-N 97) CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 1997 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Linkoping Univ, ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Cree Res Ltd, Okmetik OY, Epigress AB, Swedish Res Council Engn Sci, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, Ericsson Components AB, Thomson CSF, Siemens AG, Daimler Benz AG, City Stockholm, Stockholm Cty Council DE pn junction diode; rectifiers; minority carrier lifetime; reverse recovery; reverse breakdown; surface recombination; bulk recombination; solid-state power devices AB Single-shot nanosecond risetime pulse testing of SiC devices is demonstrated to reveal unique and highly crucial device performance information not obtainable by conventional DC and RP electrical testing, This paper describes some strikingly important device behaviors observed during pulse-testing experiments of 4H-SiC p(+)n junction diodes. Specific observations include: 1) a remarkably fast and catastrophic diode failure mechanism in which an SiC diode fails at a fast-risetime pulse amplitude well. below the DC-measured breakdown voltage, 2) positive temperature coefficient of breakdown voltage behavior in selected 4H-SiC diodes, and 3) average minority carrier lifetimes extracted from reverse recovery switching transients that are dominated by device perimeter surface recombination effects instead of the carrier lifetime inherent to the bulk SiC material itself. All three of these pulse-revealed behaviors provide important insights into fundamental physical issues that impact the performance and reliability of SiC-based electronics, especially high-power SiC devices. C1 NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Neudeck, PG (reprint author), NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RI Monemar, Bo/B-3718-2016 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-790-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1998 VL 264-2 BP 1037 EP 1040 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK61S UT WOS:000072751000247 ER PT S AU Jones, KA Xie, K Eckart, DW Wood, MC Talyansky, V Vispute, RD Venkatesan, T Wongchotigul, K Spencer, MG AF Jones, KA Xie, K Eckart, DW Wood, MC Talyansky, V Vispute, RD Venkatesan, T Wongchotigul, K Spencer, MG BE Pensl, G Morkoc, H Monemar, B Janzen, E TI AlN deposited by OMVPE and PLD used as an encapsulate for ion implanted SiC SO SILICON CARBIDE, III-NITRIDES AND RELATED MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Silicon Carbide, III-Nitrides and Related Materials (ICSCIII-N 97) CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 1997 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Linkoping Univ, ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Cree Res Ltd, Okmetik OY, Epigress AB, Swedish Res Council Engn Sci, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, Ericsson Components AB, Thomson CSF, Siemens AG, Daimler Benz AG, City Stockholm, Stockholm Cty Council DE encapsulate; annealing; OMVPE; PLD; AES; XRD AB AIN deposited by either organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE) or pulsed laser deposition (PLD) can be used as an encapsulate for SIC when heated in an argon atmosphere for temperatures at least as high as 1600 degrees C for times at least as long as 30 min as the coverage of the AlN remains complete and the AlN/SiC interface remains abrupt as determined by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). However, there is considerable atomic movement in the AIN at 1600 degrees C, and holes can form in it as the film agglomerates if there are large variations in the film thickness. Also, the SiC polytype near the surface can in some instances be changed possibly by the stress generated by the epitaxial AIN film, Using x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, we also found that, during the 1600 degrees C anneal, grains with non-basal plane orientations tended to grow at the expense of those with basal plane orientations in the OMVPE films, whereas grains with the basal plane orientation tended to grow in the PLD films. However, there is no indication that the type of grain growth that is dominant affects the film's ability to act as an encapsulate. C1 SEDD, Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Howard Univ, Sch Engn, MSRCE, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Jones, KA (reprint author), SEDD, Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013; Monemar, Bo/B-3718-2016 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-790-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1998 VL 264-2 BP 1243 EP 1246 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK61S UT WOS:000072751000296 ER PT S AU Heid, CA Ketchel, BP Wood, GL Anderson, RJ Salamo, GJ AF Heid, CA Ketchel, BP Wood, GL Anderson, RJ Salamo, GJ BE Jeong, TH TI Three-dimensional holographic display using a photorefractive crystal SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DISPLAY HOLOGRAPHY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Display Holography CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL LAKE FOREST, IL SP Lake Forest Coll, Ctr Photon Studies DE hologram; three-dimensional display; photorefractive crystal; phase-conjugate mirror; field-of-view; storage; multiplexing; mosaic AB We report on a definitive demonstration of a three-dimensional holographic display utilizing a photorefractive crystal. The resultant holographic image is viewed in real-time over a wide perspective, which can be extended by a mosaic of crystals. The image is also free from system-induced aberrations and has a uniform high quality over the entire range of FOV angles. The enhanced image quality results from the use of a phase-conjugate read beam generated from a second photorefractive crystal acting as a double-pumped phase-conjugate mirror. Multiple three-dimensional images have been stored in the crystal via wavelength and angle multiplexing. C1 USA, Res Lab, EO, SE,AMSRL, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Heid, CA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, EO, SE,AMSRL, 2800 Powder Mill Rd,Shady Grove, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2807-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3358 BP 357 EP 366 DI 10.1117/12.301497 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BK63N UT WOS:000072821900052 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JA Caldwell, JL AF Caldwell, JA Caldwell, JL TI Comparison of the effects of zolpidem-induced prophylactic naps to placebo naps and forced rest periods in prolonged work schedules SO SLEEP LA English DT Article DE naps; sleep deprivation; zolpidem; sustained operations ID SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; PRIOR WAKEFULNESS; CIRCADIAN PHASE; SHIFT WORK; PERFORMANCE; ALERTNESS AB The efficacy of zolpidem-induced prophylactic naps was compared to placebo naps and forced-rest periods for sustaining alertness. Eighteen subjects were exposed to three separate 38-hour periods of continuous wakefulness, each separated by 10 hours of recovery sleep. Three conditions were used: a 2-hour evening nap (at 2100 hours) induced with 10 mg zolpidem tartrate; a 2-hour nap (at 2100 hours) with placebo; and a 2-hour rest break with no sleep. Following the naps or rest period, subjects remained awake for 23 additional hours. A VAS was administered at 1-hour intervals, RTSWs and POMS were administered at 2-hour intervals, and a cognitive task was completed at 4-hour intervals. Results indicated the effectiveness of prophylactic naps for sustaining mood, alertness, and performance throughout the final 23 hours of a 39-hour period of sustained operations. Both napping conditions attenuated the decrements normally associated with total sleep deprivation, but the zolpidem nap was the most effective because subjects obtained the most sleep after zolpidem administration. Postnap grogginess persisted for about 2 hours after either the zolpidem or placebo nap, a fact which, despite the overall benefits from prophylactic naps, could compromise performance under operational conditions if insufficient time for awakening is planned. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Caldwell, JA (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, POB 620577, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SLEEP DISORDERS ASSOC PI ROCHESTER PA 1610 14TH STREET NW SUITE 300, ROCHESTER, MN 55806 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 1998 VL 21 IS 1 BP 79 EP 90 PG 12 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA YV738 UT WOS:000071857800009 PM 9485535 ER PT S AU Burgett, SJ Light, RL Ruffin, PB Counts, GJ AF Burgett, SJ Light, RL Ruffin, PB Counts, GJ BE Claus, RO Spillman, WB TI Distributed strain measurements in precision-wound optical fibers using Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1998: SENSORY PHENOMENA AND MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTATION FOR SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Sensory Phenomena and Measurement Instrumentation for Smart Structures and Materials CY MAR 02-04, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Soc Exptl Mech Inc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, BFGoodrich Aerosp DE brillouin; fiber optics; BOTDR; distributed strain sensor; FOG-M; IFOG; UGV AB In this paper, the nondestructive, nonlinear distributed-strain sensing technique known as Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (BOTDR) is described. The strain distributions along optical fibers wound in precision configurations are measured and analyzed using a recently developed commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) BOTDR system. Determinations of sensitivity and spatial resolution are made for the instrument. Measurement comparisons to an analytical model are made for the wound fiber packs. Characterizations of measurements of certain geometric configurations and deformity phenomena are expressed. Assessment of the applicability of the technique to reliability predictions for precision-wound fiber optic dispensers and fiber optic gyroscopes is made. C1 US Army Aviat, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Burgett, SJ (reprint author), US Army Aviat, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2774-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3330 BP 164 EP 173 DI 10.1117/12.316970 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BL49Q UT WOS:000075701500019 ER PT S AU Blanas, P Wenger, MP Rigas, EJ Das-Gupta, DK AF Blanas, P Wenger, MP Rigas, EJ Das-Gupta, DK BE Regelbrugge, ME TI Active composite materials as sensing elements for fiber reinforced smart composite structures SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1998: SMART STRUCTURES AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Smart Structures and Integrated Systems CY MAR 02-05, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, BFGoodrich Aerosp DE composites; piezoelectrics; sensors; active materials; acoustic emission AB Polymer based piezoelectric composite materials can be readily integrated within laminated composite structures to provide sensing and actuating capabilities. In this study composite films of ferroelectric ceramic/polymer materials have been developed and characterized as in-situ multi purpose sensing elements for the nondestructive monitoring of fiber reinforced composites. In this paper the response of embedded composite films to simulated acoustic emission signals will be presented and discussed. Results show the ability of the composite sensors to detect signals from acoustic emission sources over a wide bandwidth. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Div Mat, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Blanas, P (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Div Mat, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2773-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3329 BP 482 EP 490 DI 10.1117/12.316917 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Optics GA BL52W UT WOS:000075786600041 ER PT B AU Trial, M AF Trial, M BE Galloway, RG Lokaj, S TI Federal space policy and the development of commercial launch facilities SO SPACE 98 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference and Exposition on Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Space (Space 98) CY APR 26-30, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Aerospace Div, Sandia Natl Labs, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Architects, NASA, Kirtland Air Force Base, Phillips Site, Air Force Res Lab, New Mexico, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Wright Patterson Site, Ohio, Air Force Acad. Colorado Springs, Bechtel Corp, Fluor Daniel Inc AB Several commercial launch facilities are in development in the United States. U.S. federal government space policy appears to have had little influence on this development. Is the federal government performing the correct role within the space launch enterprise; should its role be larger, smaller, or different? A larger role would be to implement a government technology policy aimed at strengthening selected U.S. firms' ability to compete in world markets. A smaller role would be to leave the enterprise uninfluenced and unregulated. The federal government has had limited success in encouraging commercial firms to use federally owned launch facilities, in part because they have not been constructed as infrastructure, and are therefore relatively inflexible and inefficient. What specific actions should the federal government take to make the total launch enterprise more efficient? C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Kansas City, MO 64106 USA. RP Trial, M (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Suite 700,Bolling Fed Bldg, Kansas City, MO 64106 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0339-2 PY 1998 BP 674 EP 680 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BM53L UT WOS:000079075300076 ER PT S AU Jones, JM Nichols, JT SAck, WF Boyce, WD Hayes, WA AF Jones, JM Nichols, JT SAck, WF Boyce, WD Hayes, WA BE ElGenk, MS TI Integrated powerhead demonstration full flow cycle development SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - 1998, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONF ON GLOBAL VIRTUAL PRESENCE; 1ST CONF ON ORBITAL TRANSFER VEHICLES; 2ND CONF ON APPLICAT OF THERMOPHYS IN MICROGRAV; 3RD CONF ON COMMERCIAL DEV OF SPACE; 3RD CONF ON NEXT GENERAT LAUNCH SYST; 15TH SYMP ON SPACE NUCL POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98) - Progress in Expanding the Space Frontier CY JAN, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USAF, NASA, New Mexico Space Grant Consortium, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB The Integrated Powerhead Demonstration (IPD) is a 1,112,000 N (250,000 lb(f)) thrust (at sea level) LOX/LH2 demonstration of a full flow cycle in an integrated system configuration. Aerojet and Rocketdyne are on contract to the Air Force Research Laboratory to design, develop, and deliver the required components, and to provide test support to accomplish the demonstration. Rocketdyne is on contract to provide a fuel and oxygen turbopump, a gas-gas injector, and system engineering and integration. Aerojet is on contract to provide a fuel and oxygen preburner, a main combustion chamber, and a nozzle. The IPD components are being designed with Military Spaceplane (MSP) performance and operability requirements in mind. These requirements include: lifetime greater than or equal to 200 missions, mean time between overhauls greater than or equal to 100 cycles, and a capability to throttle from 20% to 100% of full power. These requirements bring new challenges both in designing and testing the components. This paper will provide some insight into these issues. Lessons learned from operating and supporting the space shuttle main engine (SSME) have been reviewed and incorporated where applicable. The IPD program will demonstrate phase I goals of the Integrated High Payoff Rocket Propulsion Technology (IHPRPT) program while demonstrating key propulsion technologies that will be available for MSP concepts. demonstration will take place on Test Stand 2A at the Air Force Research Laboratory at Edwards AFB. The component tests will begin in 1999 and the integrated system tests will be completed in 2002. C1 USA, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Jones, JM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 4 Draco Dr, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-747-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 420 BP 1056 EP 1061 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BK50G UT WOS:000072374200171 ER PT S AU Sutton, AM Peery, SD Minick, AB AF Sutton, AM Peery, SD Minick, AB BE ElGenk, MS TI 50K expander cycle engine demonstration SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - 1998, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONF ON GLOBAL VIRTUAL PRESENCE; 1ST CONF ON ORBITAL TRANSFER VEHICLES; 2ND CONF ON APPLICAT OF THERMOPHYS IN MICROGRAV; 3RD CONF ON COMMERCIAL DEV OF SPACE; 3RD CONF ON NEXT GENERAT LAUNCH SYST; 15TH SYMP ON SPACE NUCL POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98) - Progress in Expanding the Space Frontier CY JAN, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USAF, NASA, New Mexico Space Grant Consortium, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB The Air Force Research Laboratory and Pratt & Whitney have teamed to demonstrate an advanced expander cycle engine. Scheduled to be the first of the integrated High Payoff Rocket Propulsion Technology (IHPRPT) program engine demonstrators, it is scheduled to be tested in late 2000. The expander cycle offers low cost, high thrust to weight and a highly reliable engine ideally suited for upper stages and some future military spaceplane concepts. This technology program will push the performance envelope of existing expanders to higher thrust. Throughout design and manufacture, new methods have been adapted which will increase reliability and reduce component fabrication times. C1 USA, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Sutton, AM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 4 Draco Dr, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-747-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 420 BP 1062 EP 1065 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BK50G UT WOS:000072374200172 ER PT B AU Koellner, WH AF Koellner, WH GP AMS AMS TI Decision-making at water resources projects using the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction System (AHPS) SO SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM ON HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Symposium on Hydrology CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS) C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Rock Island, IL 61204 USA. RP Koellner, WH (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, POB 2004,Clock Tower Bldg, Rock Island, IL 61204 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP J13 EP J17 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BM02P UT WOS:000077436500087 ER PT B AU Moorad, DR Garcia, GE Doctor, BP AF Moorad, DR Garcia, GE Doctor, BP BE Doctor, BP Taylor, P Quinn, DM Rotundo, RL Gentry, MK TI Amino acid sequence of horse serum butyrylcholinesterase SO STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CHOLINESTERASES AND RELATED PROTEINS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Meeting on Cholinesterases and Related Proteins (Cholinesterases 98) CY MAR 20-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP USA Med Res & Dev Command, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Soc Neurochem C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Moorad, DR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46050-5 PY 1998 BP 145 EP 146 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BN78B UT WOS:000082926200036 ER PT B AU Platteborze, PL Lockridge, O Broomfield, CA AF Platteborze, PL Lockridge, O Broomfield, CA BE Doctor, BP Taylor, P Quinn, DM Rotundo, RL Gentry, MK TI Expression of human butyrylcholinesterase in Trichoplusia ni insect larvae SO STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CHOLINESTERASES AND RELATED PROTEINS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Meeting on Cholinesterases and Related Proteins (Cholinesterases 98) CY MAR 20-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP USA Med Res & Dev Command, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Soc Neurochem C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Platteborze, PL (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46050-5 PY 1998 BP 150 EP 150 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BN78B UT WOS:000082926200040 ER PT B AU Ved, H Dave, J Nguyen, T Doctor, BP AF Ved, H Dave, J Nguyen, T Doctor, BP BE Doctor, BP Taylor, P Quinn, DM Rotundo, RL Gentry, MK TI Comparative effects of cholinesterase inhibitors on glutamate-induced neuronal cell death SO STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CHOLINESTERASES AND RELATED PROTEINS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Meeting on Cholinesterases and Related Proteins (Cholinesterases 98) CY MAR 20-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP USA Med Res & Dev Command, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Soc Neurochem C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Ved, H (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46050-5 PY 1998 BP 181 EP 181 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BN78B UT WOS:000082926200046 ER PT B AU Luo, CY Ashani, Y Saxena, A Leader, H Maxwell, DM Taylor, P Doctor, BP AF Luo, CY Ashani, Y Saxena, A Leader, H Maxwell, DM Taylor, P Doctor, BP BE Doctor, BP Taylor, P Quinn, DM Rotundo, RL Gentry, MK TI Acceleration of oxime-induced reactivation of organophosphate-inhibited acetylcholinesterase by quaternary ligands SO STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CHOLINESTERASES AND RELATED PROTEINS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Meeting on Cholinesterases and Related Proteins (Cholinesterases 98) CY MAR 20-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP USA Med Res & Dev Command, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Soc Neurochem ID SOMAN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Luo, CY (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46050-5 PY 1998 BP 215 EP 221 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BN78B UT WOS:000082926200055 ER PT B AU Broomfield, CA Mills, KV Meier, BM Lockridge, O Millard, CB AF Broomfield, CA Mills, KV Meier, BM Lockridge, O Millard, CB BE Doctor, BP Taylor, P Quinn, DM Rotundo, RL Gentry, MK TI Reaction of human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) H117 enzymes with carbamates SO STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CHOLINESTERASES AND RELATED PROTEINS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Meeting on Cholinesterases and Related Proteins (Cholinesterases 98) CY MAR 20-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP USA Med Res & Dev Command, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Soc Neurochem ID PROTECTION; MICE C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Broomfield, CA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46050-5 PY 1998 BP 223 EP 226 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BN78B UT WOS:000082926200056 ER PT B AU Saxena, A Ashani, Y Raveh, L Doctor, BP AF Saxena, A Ashani, Y Raveh, L Doctor, BP BE Doctor, BP Taylor, P Quinn, DM Rotundo, RL Gentry, MK TI The role of oligosaccharides in the pharmacokinetics of cholinesterases SO STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CHOLINESTERASES AND RELATED PROTEINS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Meeting on Cholinesterases and Related Proteins (Cholinesterases 98) CY MAR 20-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP USA Med Res & Dev Command, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Soc Neurochem ID FETAL BOVINE SERUM; RHESUS-MONKEYS; HUMAN BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; PROTECTION; SOMAN; TOXICITY; PURIFICATION; PRETREATMENT C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Saxena, A (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46050-5 PY 1998 BP 283 EP 289 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BN78B UT WOS:000082926200081 ER PT B AU Gentry, MK Powell, S Bitsko, N Bartels, C Bartko, J Chung, R Lockridge, O Ribas, J Roy, M Malone, J Doctor, BP AF Gentry, MK Powell, S Bitsko, N Bartels, C Bartko, J Chung, R Lockridge, O Ribas, J Roy, M Malone, J Doctor, BP BE Doctor, BP Taylor, P Quinn, DM Rotundo, RL Gentry, MK TI A comparison of blood cholinesterase activities, pyridostigmine inhibition of red cell acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase phenotypes in Gulf War veterans and normal controls SO STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CHOLINESTERASES AND RELATED PROTEINS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Meeting on Cholinesterases and Related Proteins (Cholinesterases 98) CY MAR 20-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP USA Med Res & Dev Command, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Soc Neurochem C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Gentry, MK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46050-5 PY 1998 BP 300 EP 301 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BN78B UT WOS:000082926200084 ER PT B AU Gordon, RK Feaster, SR Herron, PC Lowe, ER LeJeune, KE Russell, AJ Lenz, DE Ross, M Doctor, BP AF Gordon, RK Feaster, SR Herron, PC Lowe, ER LeJeune, KE Russell, AJ Lenz, DE Ross, M Doctor, BP BE Doctor, BP Taylor, P Quinn, DM Rotundo, RL Gentry, MK TI Characterization of ChEs immobilized on polyurethane foams SO STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CHOLINESTERASES AND RELATED PROTEINS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Meeting on Cholinesterases and Related Proteins (Cholinesterases 98) CY MAR 20-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP USA Med Res & Dev Command, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Soc Neurochem C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Gordon, RK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46050-5 PY 1998 BP 307 EP 308 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BN78B UT WOS:000082926200088 ER PT B AU Maxwell, DM Brecht, K Saxena, A Feaster, S Doctor, BP AF Maxwell, DM Brecht, K Saxena, A Feaster, S Doctor, BP BE Doctor, BP Taylor, P Quinn, DM Rotundo, RL Gentry, MK TI Comparison of cholinesterases and carboxylesterase as bioscavengers for organophosphorus compounds SO STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CHOLINESTERASES AND RELATED PROTEINS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Meeting on Cholinesterases and Related Proteins (Cholinesterases 98) CY MAR 20-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP USA Med Res & Dev Command, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Soc Neurochem ID PHOSPHYLATED HUMAN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; HUMAN BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; SOMAN TOXICITY; ACTIVE-CENTER; PROTECTION; PRETREATMENT; TOXICOKINETICS; PERFORMANCE; INHIBITION; RESISTANCE C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Maxwell, DM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46050-5 PY 1998 BP 387 EP + PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BN78B UT WOS:000082926200108 ER PT B AU Millard, CB Kryger, G Ordentlich, A Harel, M Raves, ML Greenblatt, HM Segall, Y Barak, D Shafferman, A Silman, I Sussman, JL AF Millard, CB Kryger, G Ordentlich, A Harel, M Raves, ML Greenblatt, HM Segall, Y Barak, D Shafferman, A Silman, I Sussman, JL BE Doctor, BP Taylor, P Quinn, DM Rotundo, RL Gentry, MK TI Crystal structures of "aged" phosphorylated and phosphonylated Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase SO STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CHOLINESTERASES AND RELATED PROTEINS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Meeting on Cholinesterases and Related Proteins (Cholinesterases 98) CY MAR 20-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP USA Med Res & Dev Command, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Soc Neurochem ID SERINE PROTEASES; BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; ORGANOPHOSPHATES; CHOLINESTERASES; INTERMEDIATE; CHYMOTRYPSIN; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECIFICITY; CATALYSIS; TRYPSIN C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Millard, CB (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46050-5 PY 1998 BP 425 EP + PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BN78B UT WOS:000082926200114 ER PT B AU Millard, CB Kryger, G Ordentlich, A Harel, M Raves, ML Greenblatt, HM Segall, Y Barak, D Shafferman, A Silman, I Sussman, JL AF Millard, CB Kryger, G Ordentlich, A Harel, M Raves, ML Greenblatt, HM Segall, Y Barak, D Shafferman, A Silman, I Sussman, JL BE Doctor, BP Taylor, P Quinn, DM Rotundo, RL Gentry, MK TI Crystal structures of "aged" phosphorylated and phosphonylated Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase SO STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CHOLINESTERASES AND RELATED PROTEINS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Meeting on Cholinesterases and Related Proteins (Cholinesterases 98) CY MAR 20-24, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP USA Med Res & Dev Command, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Soc Neurochem C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Millard, CB (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46050-5 PY 1998 BP 454 EP 455 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BN78B UT WOS:000082926200129 ER PT S AU Scheffler, DR Magness, LS AF Scheffler, DR Magness, LS BE Jones, N Talaslidis, DG Brebbia, CA Manolis, GD TI Target strength effects on the predicted threshold velocity for hemi- and ogival-nose penetrators perforating finite aluminum targets SO STRUCTURES UNDER SHOCK AND IMPACT V SE STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Structures Under Shock and Impact (SUSI 98) CY JUN, 1998 CL ARISTOTLE UNIV, THESSALONIKI, GREECE HO ARISTOTLE UNIV ID CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; STRAIN RATES AB This study examines the effect of the target constitutive model on the ability of the CTH hydrocode to predict the effect of rod nose-shape on the transition from rigid body to eroding rod penetration for tungsten alloy long rods perforating finite 7039 aluminum targets. Two rod nose shapes and three target constitutive models are examined. The rod nose-shapes were hemispherical and ogival and the target constitutive models include the Johnson-Cook model, the modified Johnson-Cook model, and the Zerilli-Armstrong model. Results are compared with an experimental study that delineated the effect of nose shape on the threshold velocity at which tungsten alloy penetrators transition from rigid body to eroding rod when perforating finite 7039 aluminum targets. The CTH predictions are compared to experimental data for residual velocity and the threshold velocity at which transition occurs. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,TC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Scheffler, DR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,TC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS LTD PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON S04 2AA, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1462-6055 BN 1-85312-590-3 J9 STRUCT MAT PY 1998 VL 2 BP 285 EP 297 PG 13 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BM56F UT WOS:000079102900026 ER PT S AU Gazonas, GA AF Gazonas, GA BE Jones, N Talaslidis, DG Brebbia, CA Manolis, GD TI Render-safe impact dynamics of the M557 fuze SO STRUCTURES UNDER SHOCK AND IMPACT V SE STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Structures Under Shock and Impact (SUSI 98) CY JUN, 1998 CL ARISTOTLE UNIV, THESSALONIKI, GREECE HO ARISTOTLE UNIV AB This paper outlines the results of a combined experimental and computational study which investigates the transient structural response of the M557 point detonating fuze subjected to low-speed (200 m/s) oblique impact by a hardened steel projectile. The problem is of interest to the explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) community as it is a method that is currently used to "render-safe" ordnance and other explosive devices found in the field [1]. An inert M557 fuze is instrumented with a low mass (1.5 gram), 60 kilo-g uniaxial accelerometer and subjected to oblique impact by launching a 300 gram projectile from a 4-in airgun. The transient structural response of the fuze is compared to the predicted response using the Lagrangian finite element code DYNA3D. Peak accelerations measured in two tests average 35 kilo-g whereas DYNA3D predicts a 40 to 50 kilo-g peak acceleration depending upon the amount of prescribed damping. Both measured and computed acceleration histories are Fourier transformed and the estimated spectral response at the base of the fuze is shown to be dependent upon the failure strength of the flash tube. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Gazonas, GA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. OI Gazonas, George/0000-0002-2715-016X NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS LTD PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON S04 2AA, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1462-6055 BN 1-85312-590-3 J9 STRUCT MAT PY 1998 VL 2 BP 341 EP 354 PG 14 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BM56F UT WOS:000079102900031 ER PT S AU Rajendran, AM Grove, DJ AF Rajendran, AM Grove, DJ BE Jones, N Talaslidis, DG Brebbia, CA Manolis, GD TI Modeling of shock and impact behaviors of aluminum oxide SO STRUCTURES UNDER SHOCK AND IMPACT V SE STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Structures Under Shock and Impact (SUSI 98) CY JUN, 1998 CL ARISTOTLE UNIV, THESSALONIKI, GREECE HO ARISTOTLE UNIV AB Aluminum oxide (AD995) is a leading candidate material in ceramic armor applications. The density of this material is 3.8 similar to 3.9 gm/cm(3) with a porosity of about 2 percent. Its bulk and shear moduli are 231 and 156 GPa, respectively. From microscopic studies on recovered ceramic specimens from impact and penetration experiments, it has been established that the deformation under shock and impact loading is due to microcracking, microplasticity, pore collapse, and twinning. Rajendran [1] formulated a constitutive model to describe the stress-strain response of ceramics based on these various deformation modes. The Rajendran-Grove (RG) model has been implemented in the 1995 version of the EPIC code [2]. The shock response of AD995 is modeled through EPIC simulations of 1) planar plate impact at velocities below and above the Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL), 2) a metal plate impacting a slender AD995 rod, and 3) projectile penetration into a layered ceramic target plate. The model-generated results matched the measured and observed responses of AD995 in the experiments extremely well. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Rajendran, AM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS LTD PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON S04 2AA, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1462-6055 BN 1-85312-590-3 J9 STRUCT MAT PY 1998 VL 2 BP 447 EP 460 PG 14 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BM56F UT WOS:000079102900040 ER PT S AU Barko, JW James, WF AF Barko, JW James, WF BE Jeppesen, E Sondergaard, M Sondergaard, M Christoffersen, K TI Effects of submerged aquatic macrophytes on nutrient dynamics, sedimentation, and resuspension SO STRUCTURING ROLE OF SUBBMERGED MACROPHYTES IN LAKES SE ECOLOGICAL STUDIES : ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Structuring Role of Submerged Macrophytes in Lakes CY JUN 16-20, 1996 CL FRESHWATER CTR, SILKEBORG, DENMARK SP Danish Nat Sci Res Council, Strateg Environm Res Programme, Natl Environm Res Inst, Denmark HO FRESHWATER CTR C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Lab, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Barko, JW (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Lab, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 126 Z9 143 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0070-8356 BN 0-387-98284-1 J9 ECOL STU AN PY 1998 VL 131 BP 197 EP 214 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BK20G UT WOS:000071468100010 ER PT S AU Wang, TA McTernan, WF Willett, KD AF Wang, TA McTernan, WF Willett, KD BE Hoddinott, KB TI A risk based decision model to optimize remediation choices at a Superfund site SO SUPERFUND RISK ASSESSMENT IN SOIL CONTAMINATION STUDIES: THIRD VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Superfund Risk Assessment CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm D 18 Soil & Rock DE risk assessment; stochastic hydrology; decision modeling; uncertainty analysis ID GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION AB A study was initiated which combined elements of stochastic hydrology, risk assessment, simulation modeling, cost analysis and decision making to define the optimum remediation choice(s) for a Superfund site in east Texas. The underlying premise of this effort was that environmental decision making is inherently complex due to uncertainties in contaminant concentrations and resultant exposures. The technical analyst should supply the decision maker with estimates of these uncertainties as well as the cost penalties required to reduce them to manageable levels. This study employed Monte Carlo transport modeling to define the probability of contaminant excursions from the site, applied geostatistical simulation to existing data sets, used Bayesian modeling to define the worth of additional data and Decision Modeling to define optimum configurations. These individual components were combined to produce a decision model which defined remediation alternatives given levels of risk tolerance which could be supplied by the decision maker or affected community. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Omaha Dist, Rocky Mt Area, Colorado Springs, CO 80909 USA. RP Wang, TA (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Omaha Dist, Rocky Mt Area, 2032 N Acad Blvd, Colorado Springs, CO 80909 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2484-8 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1998 VL 1338 BP 131 EP 147 DI 10.1520/STP13291S PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BM25R UT WOS:000078184700009 ER PT S AU Meitzler, TJ Ellis, D Sohn, EJ Bryk, D Hepfinger, L Rock, K Singh, H AF Meitzler, TJ Ellis, D Sohn, EJ Bryk, D Hepfinger, L Rock, K Singh, H BE Watkins, WR Clement, D TI A perception test of infrared images of soldiers in camouflaged uniforms SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Targets and Backgrounds - Characterization and Representation IV CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE visual perception testing; target detection; fuzzy logic approach; target acquisition models; infrared AB Infrared (IR) images in the 3 to 5 and 8 to 12 micron band were taken of soldiers wearing various camouflaged uniforms. The soldiers wearing the uniforms were either standing, crouched or prone. The images were presented to 37 observers and their detection decisions analyzed. Results were analyzed to determine which uniforms offered the most protection to a threat sensor at various ranges. The perception laboratory results were modeled using the Fuzzy Logic Approach (FLA) and the CAMAELEON model with a resulting Pearson correlation of 0.9. C1 USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Meitzler, TJ (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RI Meitzler, Thomas/D-1065-2017 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2824-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3375 BP 2 EP 16 DI 10.1117/12.327142 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL58S UT WOS:000075942300001 ER PT S AU Thomas, D Evans, R Crosby, J Jafolla, J AF Thomas, D Evans, R Crosby, J Jafolla, J BE Watkins, WR Clement, D TI Surface reflectance variations in realistic targets SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Targets and Backgrounds - Characterization and Representation IV CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE bi-directional reflectance; signature modeling; reflectance modeling AB Signature prediction models have become an increasingly important tool for the ground combat vehicle designer in recent years. System designers have been successful in prototyping entire vehicles in each spectral band. With this success, focused efforts to improve the accuracy of these signature models have produced robust, validated performance for many operational conditions. One of the most recent improvement in prediction models for ground vehicle systems has been improvements in surface reflectance. Surface reflectance is central to the predicted performance of these models and range from simple to very complex. Simple surface reflectance models treats the surface as totally lambertiant has an advantage of being fast to calculate but does not take into account the specular nature which all surfaces posses. The bi-directional reflectance distribution function(BRDF) is a more complex representation which allows for a more accurate representation of surface reflectance phenomena. The input to the BRDF usually comes from a laboratory sample measured in a laboratory setting. These laboratory samples are made to be perfect so that comparisons can be made between variations in formulas for the coatings. The limitation of these inputs is that surfaces that are exposed to environments effects and normal daily use are the more representative of data we are interested in. Other effects such as the conditions under which the surface coatings are applied can cause reflectance variability as well. This paper explores the variability on real targets and compares them to laboratory samples. The implication of these variations to signature models will be explored. C1 USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Warren, MI 48090 USA. RP Thomas, D (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Warren, MI 48090 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2824-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3375 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1117/12.327160 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL58S UT WOS:000075942300003 ER PT S AU Wetmore, A Gillespie, P Schroeder, J AF Wetmore, A Gillespie, P Schroeder, J BE Watkins, WR Clement, D TI EOSAEL and PcEosael (c) www.EOSAEL.com SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Targets and Backgrounds - Characterization and Representation IV CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE EOSAEL; battlefield obscuration; atmospheric attenuation; simulation AB The EOSAEL is a state-of-the-art computer library comprised of fast-running, theoretical, semiempirical, and empirical computer programs that mathematically describe aspects of electromagnetic propagation in a battlefield environments. The 25 modules are connected through an executive routine, but often are exercised individually. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is in the process of developing new modules for inclusion into the EOSAEL. This presentation discusses these modules and describes ARL's plans for future additions, and planned measurement programs. A program is underway to develop a user-friendly, Microsoft Windows-based interface for the EOSAEL. This interface will allow the user to set parameters by an intuitive, visual point and click method, output plots of computed results, and generate images that are easily viewed. The interface will be independent of the internal workings of the individual EOSAEL modules, and have on-line documentation for all the modules and input parameters. It will simplify setting scenario parameters common to all the modules (e.g. spectral band, range, etc.), and will provide tools to easily compare the results from the different EOSAEL modules. Interface modules are completed for all of the EOSAEL modules. This effort is part of a commercialization plan sponsored by the SBIR program. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wetmore, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2824-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3375 BP 112 EP 122 DI 10.1117/12.327145 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL58S UT WOS:000075942300012 ER PT S AU Williams, BL Wilkosz, A AF Williams, BL Wilkosz, A BE Watkins, WR Clement, D TI Algorithms and methodology used in constructing high-resolution terrain databases SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Targets and Backgrounds - Characterization and Representation IV CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE photogrammetry; aerial photography; 3D database; class map; elevation map; temperature map AB This paper presents a top-level description of methods used to generate high-resolution three dimensional (3D) infrared (IR) digital terrain databases using soft photogrammetry. The 3D IR database is derived from aerial photography and is made up of digital ground plane elevation map, vegetation height elevation map, material classification map, object data (tanks, buildings, etc.), and temperature radiance map. Steps required to generate some of these elements are outlined. The use of metric photogrammetry is discussed in the context of elevation map development; and methods employed to generate the material classification maps are given. The developed databases are used by the US Army Aviation and Missile Command to evaluate the performance of various missile systems. A discussion is also presented on database certification which consists of validation, verification, and accreditation procedures followed to certify that the developed databases give a true representation of the area of interest, and are fully compatible with the targeted digital simulators. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM, RD,MG,IP, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Williams, BL (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM, RD,MG,IP, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2824-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3375 BP 144 EP 150 DI 10.1117/12.327148 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL58S UT WOS:000075942300015 ER PT S AU Karlsen, RE Gorsich, DJ Gerhart, GR AF Karlsen, RE Gorsich, DJ Gerhart, GR BE Watkins, WR Clement, D TI Multiresolution motion estimation and target detection SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Targets and Backgrounds - Characterization and Representation IV CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE motion estimation; human perception; target acquisition AB Detecting and characterizing motion in a scene can play a critical role in target detection algorithms, since many targets can be camouflaged so completely that, if they are not moving, they are nearly undetectable. However, once they begin moving, they "popout" and are immediately detected. Estimating motion is also important in human vision modeling, because motion is generally detected with peripheral vision, which can cover the field of regard much more quickly than foveal vision. In this paper, we present two hierarchical multiresolution methods for computing the optical flow in a scene. We use statistical properties of the resulting flow fields to compute a motion feature vector, which we relate to the conspicuity of the moving target in a scene via a neural network. C1 USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Karlsen, RE (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2824-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3375 BP 164 EP 169 DI 10.1117/12.327150 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL58S UT WOS:000075942300017 ER PT S AU Goetz, RC Gerhart, G Matchko, R AF Goetz, RC Gerhart, G Matchko, R BE Watkins, WR Clement, D TI Average search time for ground vehicle target detectability SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Targets and Backgrounds - Characterization and Representation IV CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE field of view; detectability; powered optics; optical scanning AB This paper summarizes N.P. Travnikova's model as a method to compare average search times by military observers using powered optics such as binoculars. Both discrete and continuous scanning methods are considered for target searches. This empirical model quantifies which type of vision system is best suited for the most efficient target detection for a given field of view (FOV). An analysis is also provided of the relative importance of target diameter, background luminance, and contrast upon overall detectability with the subsequent results compared to known field test data. The detectability of specific military sound vehicles over a variety of search and target acquisition tasks with several off-the-shelf binoculars is examined. Some examples on various types of search studies, such as compare looking at the target, both line retrace time effects, etc., for a low contrast target are also considered. This paper consists of two sections. The first explains the derivation of methodology and limits of its applicability. The second section offers a parametric analysis that compares the relative importance of target diameter, background luminance, and contrast upon overall target detectability with the subsequent results compared to field test data. C1 USA, TACOM, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Goetz, RC (reprint author), USA, TACOM, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2824-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3375 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1117/12.327152 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL58S UT WOS:000075942300019 ER PT S AU Ballard, JR Sabol, BM Melton, RE AF Ballard, JR Sabol, BM Melton, RE BE Watkins, WR Clement, D TI Sensor-based validation of synthetic thermal scenes - how close is good enough? SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Targets and Backgrounds - Characterization and Representation IV CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE synthetic background scenes; sensor-based validation AB Using synthetic background scenes in the modeling of thermal infrared sensor-based smart munitions offers tremendous flexibility in exploring the performance envelope of these systems. However, to reach this goal, the synthetic background generation process must undergo the scrutiny of verification and validation to be accredited for use with a specific sensor system. Traditional approaches to validating synthetic scenes range from low-level subjective comparison to absolute pixel-to-pixel agreement between the two scenes. Neither of these approaches considers the specific smart munition sensor and processor which ultimately use the scene. In this paper we present an alternate validation approach based on comparison between end performance of a thermal infrared sensor-based smart munition system using synthetic/real scene pairs. Paired synthetic/real thermal scenes, including a low and a high-clutter level, are compared with conventional validation metrics and with the performance-based metric, using various smart munition sensor targeting algorithms. The degree of scene fidelity (absolute agreement between scene pairs) required to replicate performance varies with clutter level and processor algorithm. Under high clutter conditions, greater synthetic scene fidelity is required to match performance. C1 USAE, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ballard, JR (reprint author), USAE, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2824-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3375 BP 304 EP 312 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL58S UT WOS:000075942300031 ER PT S AU Mobley, S Cole, J AF Mobley, S Cole, J BE Murrer, RL TI Dichroic beam combiner to support hardware-in-the-loop testing of dual-mode common aperture seekers SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing III CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL ORLANDO, CA SP SPIE DE hardware-in-the-loop; simulations; dichroic; infrared; millimeter wave; dual-mode; common-aperture; seekers; real-time AB The advent of missile seekers with dual-mode millimeter wave and infrared common-aperture sensors has led to a requirement to develop simulation tools necessary to test these systems. Traditionally, one of the most important techniques for supporting systems development has been a full seeker hardware-in-the-loop simulation. For the past three years, U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) has been developing the simulation technologies to test these types of system in a hardware-in-the-loop environment, The dichroic beam combiner is the key component of such a facility. This paper focuses on the various dichroic beam combiner technologies that have been considered and are currently under development at AMCOM. This paper will present both experimental and analytical data to describe the performance of each technology. The basis for this paper is work performed at the AMCOM Advanced Simulation Center (ASC). The ASC is managed and operated by the Systems Simulation and Development Directorate of the Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center, Redstone Arsenal, Alabama. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM RD SS HW, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Mobley, S (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM RD SS HW, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2817-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3368 BP 32 EP 41 DI 10.1117/12.316394 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL58R UT WOS:000075941600004 ER PT S AU Buford, JA King, DE Bowden, MH AF Buford, JA King, DE Bowden, MH BE Murrer, RL TI Low cost real-time infrared scene generation for image projection and signal injection SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing III CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL ORLANDO, CA SP SPIE DE IR; scene generation; image projection; signal injection; real-time AB As cost becomes an increasingly important factor in the development and testing of Infrared sensors and flight computer/processors, the need for accurate hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulations is critical. In the past, expensive and complex dedicated scene generation hardware was needed to attain the fidelity necessary for accurate testing. Recent technological advances and innovative applications of established technologies are beginning to allow development of cost-effective replacements for dedicated scene generators. These new scene generators are mainly constructed from commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and software components. At the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center (MRDEC), researchers have developed such a dynamic IR scene generator (IRSG) built around COTS hardware and software. The IRSG is used to provide dynamic inputs to an IR scene projector for in-band seeker testing and for direct signal injection into the seeker or processor electronics. AMCOM MRDEC has developed a second generation IRSG, namely IRSG2, using the latest Silicon Graphics Incorporated (SGI) Onyx2 with Infinite Reality graphics. As reported in previous papers, the SGI Onyx Reality Engine 2 is the platform of the original IRSG that is now referred to as IRSG1. IRSG1 has been in operation and used daily for the past three years on several IR projection and signal injection HWIL programs. Using this second generation IRSG, frame rates have increased from 120Hz to 400Hz and intensity resolution from 12 bits to 16 bits. The key features of the IRSGs are real time missile frame rates and frame sizes, dynamic missile-to-target(s) viewpoint updated each frame in realtime by a six-degree-of-freedom (6DOF) system under test (SUT) simulation, multiple dynamic objects (e.g. targets, terrain/background, countermeasures, and atmospheric effects), latency compensation, point-to-extended source anti-aliased targets, and sensor modeling effects. This paper provides a comparison between the IRSG1 and IRSG2 systems and focuses on the IRSG software, real time features, and database development tools. C1 USA, AMCOM, AMSAM, RD SS HW, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Buford, JA (reprint author), USA, AMCOM, AMSAM, RD SS HW, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2817-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3368 BP 290 EP 299 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL58R UT WOS:000075941600026 ER PT S AU Buford, JA Reynolds, TM AF Buford, JA Reynolds, TM BE Murrer, RL TI Requirements and methodologies for real-time infrared sensor emulation in hardware-in-the-loop testing SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing III CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL ORLANDO, CA SP SPIE AB Hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) testing of infrared missile seekers has been a proven method for seeker evaluation for many years. Infrared HWIL. testing has two primary modes, projection or injection. With infrared projection HWIL testing, the seeker's optics and detectors are retained as part of the simulation since an infrared scene in the correct waveband is presented to the seeker's optics, and is then detected and processed. When using the injection mode of HWIL testing the infrared scene is injected directly into the seeker's electronics and bypasses the imaging and detection process. When this type of simulation is used it is critical to model the optical and electrical processes that would have degraded the image in a real-world scenario. Real-time modeling of sensor system modulation transfer functions and other forms of image degradation is a computationally intensive task. The types of calculations necessary for real-time sensor modeling often push the processing requirements past the capabilities of standard processors and custom processing hardware is required. This paper discusses solutions to this problem that have been implemented for infrared seekers at the U.S. Army's Aviation and Missile Command's, Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM RD SS HW, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Buford, JA (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM RD SS HW, Bldg 5400, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2817-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3368 BP 376 EP 381 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL58R UT WOS:000075941600034 ER PT S AU Buford, JA Mobley, SB Mayhall, AJ Braselton, WJ AF Buford, JA Mobley, SB Mayhall, AJ Braselton, WJ BE Murrer, RL TI Programmable personality interface for the dynamic IR Scene Generator 2 (IRSG2) SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing III CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL ORLANDO, CA SP SPIE DE programmable personality interface; scene generation; projection; signal injection; real-time AB As scene generator platforms begin to rely specifically on commercial off-the-shelf(COTS) hardware and software components, the need for high speed programmable personality interfaces (PPIs) are required for interfacing to Infrared (IR) flight computer/processors and complex IR projectors in the hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulation facilities. Recent technological advances and innovative applications of established technologies are beginning to allow development of cost effective PPIs to interface to COTS scene generators. At the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center (MRDEC) researchers have developed such a PPI to reside between the AMCOM MRDEC IR Scene Generator (IRSG) and either a missile flight computer or the dynamic Laser Diode Array Projector (LDAP). AMCOM MRDEC has developed several PPIs for the first and second generation IRSGs (IRSG1 and IRSG2), which are based on Silicon Graphics Incorporated (SGI) Onyx and Onyx2 computers with Reality Engine 2 (RE2) and Infinite Reality (IR / IR2) graphics engines. This paper provides an overview of PPIs designed, integrated, tested, and verified at AMCOM MRDEC, specifically the IRSG2's PPI. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Buford, JA (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2817-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3368 BP 392 EP 398 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL58R UT WOS:000075941600036 ER PT S AU LeSueur, KG Avory, M Willis, KE AF LeSueur, KG Avory, M Willis, KE BE Murrer, RL TI Designing a flight motion simulator for IR-STAF SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing III CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL ORLANDO, CA SP SPIE DE simulation; missile; hardware-in-the-loop; infra-red AB The Infrared Simulation and Test Acceptance Facility (IR STAF) will be a state-of-the-art hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulation/test facility for performing all-up-round missile testing in a non-destructive laboratory environment. Full-up IR guided missiles will be placed on a five-axis flight motion simulator (FMS) to allow closed-loop testing of the missile for the full range of tactical flight scenarios. This paper focuses on the unique requirements placed on the FMS, and the design trade-offs that led to performance parameters that could meet mission requirements. The inner three axes of the FMS carries the all-up-round missile under test and the outer two axes move a dynamic IR scene projector system. A real-time control computer simulates the aerodynamic and kinematics response of the missile and generates commands for the FMS and IR scene projector. This system puts the missile under test through multiple scenarios as opposed to a single live-firing. Non-destructive HWIL testing can reduce the number of live firings during lot acceptance tests (LATs) while verifying system performance with a high degree of confidence. The purpose of the facility is to substantially reduce the cost of missile lot acceptance testing while maintaining or improving the confidence in missile hardware. C1 USA, Test & Evaluat Command, Redstone Tech Test Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35809 USA. RP LeSueur, KG (reprint author), USA, Test & Evaluat Command, Redstone Tech Test Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35809 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2817-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3368 BP 418 EP 424 DI 10.1117/12.316387 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL58R UT WOS:000075941600039 ER PT S AU Buford, JA Paone, T AF Buford, JA Paone, T BE Murrer, RL TI Using hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulation to provide low cost testing of TMD IR missile systems SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing III CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL ORLANDO, CA SP SPIE AB A greater awareness of and increased interest in the use of modeling and simulation (M&S) has been demonstrated at many levels within the Department of Defense (DoD) and all the Armed Services agencies in recent years. M&S application is regarded as a viable means of lowering the life cycle costs of theater missile defense (TMD) weapon system acquisition beginning with studies of new concepts of warfighting through user training and post-deployment support. The Missile Research, Engineering, and Development Center (MRDEC) of the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) has an extensive history of applying all types of M&S to TMD weapon system development and has been a particularly strong advocate of hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulation for many years. Over the past 10 years MRDEC has developed specific and dedicated HWIL capabilities for TMD applications in both the infrared and radio frequency sensor domains. This paper provides an overview of the infrared-based TMD HWIL missile facility known as the Imaging Infrared System Simulation ((IRSS)-R-2) which is used to support the Theater High Altitude Air Defense (THAAD) missile system. This facility uses M&S to conduct daily THAAD HWIL missile simulations to support flight tests, missile/system development, independent verification and validation of weapon system embedded software and simulations, and missile/system performance against current and future threat environments. This paper describes the THAAD TMD HWIL role, process, major components, HWIL verification/validation, and daily HWIL support areas in terms of both missile and complete system. C1 USA, Avait & Missile Command, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Buford, JA (reprint author), USA, Avait & Missile Command, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2817-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3368 BP 432 EP 440 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL58R UT WOS:000075941600041 ER PT J AU Scheller, BL Rivin, D Segars, RA AF Scheller, BL Rivin, D Segars, RA TI Vapor breakthrough front liquid drops impacting air-permeable chemical protective fabric SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CLOTHING MATERIALS; AGENT SIMULANTS; SOLID-SURFACE; PERMEATION AB The interaction between drop impact and vapor breakthrough for several kinds of air-permeable fabric composites (an outer shell with an adsorbent liner) is determined under convective flow conditions. Vapor breakthrough is measured using methyl salicylate, a chemical agent simulant, for static and dynamic liquid drop placement on either the shell fabric alone or in combination with an activated carbon-loaded foam liner backing. Vapor concentration, detected by means of a photo-ionizer, is used to determine breakthrough curves, while image analysis provides a quantitative characterization of the impact behavior of the liquid drops by measuring liquid spreading, splashing, and breakthrough. Drop impact velocities up to 6 m/s are measured on cotton/Kevlar(R)/nylon and cotton/nylon twill weave outer shell fabrics. For static drops, fabric composites with an outer wicking fabric give much lower total vapor breakthrough than do nonwicking fabrics, whereas for dynamic drops at subterminal impact velocities, the difference between nonwicking and wicking shell fabrics is reduced because of surface spreading and splashing. There is an inverse correlation between wetted area and vapor breakthrough due to localized vapor saturation of the adsorbent Liner fabric. Below a critical drop velocity of 4.5 m/s, there is no direct liquid penetration through the shell fabric. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Dept Paper & Printing Sci & Engn, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. USA, Soldier Syst Command, Natick Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Scheller, BL (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Paper & Printing Sci & Engn, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 68 IS 1 BP 36 EP 46 DI 10.1177/004051759806800105 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA YQ602 UT WOS:000071404300005 ER PT S AU Derby, JJ Edwards, K Kwon, YI Rojo, JC Vartak, B Yeckel, A AF Derby, JJ Edwards, K Kwon, YI Rojo, JC Vartak, B Yeckel, A BE Fornari, R Paorici, C TI Large-scale numerical modeling of continuum phenomena in melt and solution crystal growth processes SO THEORETICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CRYSTAL GROWTH SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Summer School on Crystal Growth CY JUN 01-06, 1998 CL RIMINI, ITALY SP Int Org Crystal Growth, Italian Assoc Crystallog, Crystal Growth Sect, Natl Grp Struct Matter Natl Res Council, Intl Union Crystalog, German Assoc Crystal Growth DE continuum transport; fluid mechanics; heat transfer; mass transfer; melt growth; solution growth; mathematical modeling; numerical methods; high performance computing ID VERTICAL BRIDGMAN GROWTH; FINITE-ELEMENT COMPUTATIONS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SOLUTION; FREQUENCY INDUCTION COIL; AXIAL MAGNETIC-FIELD; HEAT-TRANSFER; MASSIVELY-PARALLEL; PHASE-CHANGE; KTIOPO4 KTP; CONVECTION C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, USA, HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Derby, JJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI Derby, Jeffrey/B-9706-2009; OI Derby, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6418-2155 NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-806-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1998 VL 276-2 BP 119 EP 134 PG 16 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Crystallography; Materials Science GA BL15Z UT WOS:000074517000008 ER PT S AU Sass, D White, J Gonda, T Jones, J AF Sass, D White, J Gonda, T Jones, J BE Snell, JR Wurzbach, RN TI Tracking rotating components for complete construction of simulated images SO THERMOSENSE XX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermosense XX CY APR 14-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE high speed; imaging; 3-dimensional; rotation; texture map; tire testing AB Visual and infrared imaging of rotating objects, such as tires under load test conditions is desirable but presents several obstacles, such as blurring and component obstruction. If an imaging system capable of high enough frame sates to capture the data without aliasing effects is used, the entire object is often not in view and therefore could not be analyzed. The authors present a system that uses a standard Inframetrics 760 to synthetically reconstruct an image by using high speed imaging techniques in conjunction with a shaft encoder, rotational tracking, and specialized data sampling software to capture three sides of a tire that is being tested at 50mph. This process has proven valuable in providing non-intrusive thermal analysis in recent quality tests of tires. Current accepted testing techniques for tires include endurance tests and X-ray. Both provide limited information, but neither provides the thermal information that is a dominant factor in tire failure. By setting the IR camera in a position to face the edge of the tire, using mirrors to bring the sidewall into the field of view, and using our methodology we have collected data on the entire tire under two minutes. This data can be viewed as flat data array images or rendered onto a 3D wireframe representation. C1 USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Warren, MI USA. RP Sass, D (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Warren, MI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2810-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3361 BP 212 EP 217 DI 10.1117/12.304730 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BL17D UT WOS:000074540100023 ER PT S AU Fountzoulas, CG Sengupta, S AF Fountzoulas, CG Sengupta, S BE Cammarata, RC Nastasi, M Busso, EP Oliver, WC TI Mechanical properties of ferro-electric composite thin films SO THIN-FILMS - STRESSES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES VII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin-Films - Stresses and Mechanical Properties VII at the MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Ferro-electric (BSTO) films of 1 mu m nominal thickness were deposited on single crystals of sapphire at substrate temperatures varying from 30 degrees C to 700 degrees C. Optical analysis showed that the thin films were amorphous up to 500 degrees C, while at 700 degrees C they were polycrystalline. The microstructure of the thin films was columnar at all substrate temperatures. The film microhardness increased with increasing substrate temperature. While the cohesion failure load of the films remained fairly constant, the adhesion failure load increased with increasing substrate temperature. C1 USA, Res Lab, Div Mat, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Fountzoulas, CG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Div Mat, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-410-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 505 BP 337 EP 342 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BL54X UT WOS:000075849800049 ER PT S AU Catalano, GD AF Catalano, GD BE Tomasini, EP TI Estimating the effects of stationary noise on power spectral density function measurements: frequency, phase and amplitude modulation SO THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS BY LASER TECHNIQUES: ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Vibration Measurements by Laser Techniques CY JUN 16-19, 1998 CL ANCONA, ITALY SP Italian Assoc Laser Velocimetry, Univ Studi Ancona, Dipartimento Meccan, AEA SArl, API Raffineria Ancona SpA, DAYCO PTI SpA, Merloni Elettrodomestici, NUOVO PIGNONE SpA, Opto & Laser Europe, TEUCO Guzzini Srl, Amer Concrete Inst Int, AMA, Fachverband Sensorik e V, Acoust Soc Japan, Bulgarreklama, GISI, Gruppo Imprese Strumentazione Italia, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, Int Measurement Confederat, Soc Automot Engineers Japan, Opt Soc Amer, Soc Automot Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers DE noise; modulation; power spectral density functions; stationary AB The effects of noise modulation on the power spectral density functions of a sinusoidal wave are calculated in dosed form Frequency, phase, and amplitude modulation are considered Noise processes are modeled using Butterworth filters of various integer orders. Increasing the order of the Butterworth filter increases the signal-to-noise ratio of the modulated sinusoidal wave. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Catalano, GD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2863-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3411 BP 23 EP 36 DI 10.1117/12.307702 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BL17F UT WOS:000074540800003 ER PT S AU Chowdhury, MR Hall, RL AF Chowdhury, MR Hall, RL BE Tomasini, EP TI Vibration measurements of Olmsted prototype wickets by laser techniques SO THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS BY LASER TECHNIQUES: ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Vibration Measurements by Laser Techniques CY JUN 16-19, 1998 CL ANCONA, ITALY SP Italian Assoc Laser Velocimetry, Univ Studi Ancona, Dipartimento Meccan, AEA SArl, API Raffineria Ancona SpA, DAYCO PTI SpA, Merloni Elettrodomestici, NUOVO PIGNONE SpA, Opto & Laser Europe, TEUCO Guzzini Srl, Amer Concrete Inst Int, AMA, Fachverband Sensorik e V, Acoust Soc Japan, Bulgarreklama, GISI, Gruppo Imprese Strumentazione Italia, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, Int Measurement Confederat, Soc Automot Engineers Japan, Opt Soc Amer, Soc Automot Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers DE dynamic performance evaluation; dynamic response; experimental modal analysis; Olmsted dam; prototype wicket; scanning laser Doppler AB This paper discusses the effectiveness of scanning laser techniques for measuring the dynamic response of the Olmsted Prototype Wicket Dam at the Smithland facility, Smithland, KY. Full-scale prototype experiments at the Smithland facility were conducted to facilitate the development of an innovative wicket for the Olmsted Dam. The Olmsted Locks & Dam (L&D) is the Corps largest navigation project which will replace the existing L&D 52 and 53 on the lower Ohio River. The proposed wickets will be used to control the water flow and maintain a navigable pool on the lower Ohio River. The Laser techniques' effectiveness to extract the modal information for large civil structures is discussed in this paper. Experimental dynamic responses of the prototype wickets are examined to evaluate the design performance and structural integrity of hydraulically actuated wickets for the proposed Olmsted L&D. Experimental modal results were used to update the analytical and physical scaled models. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Struct Lab, CEWES SS A, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Chowdhury, MR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Struct Lab, CEWES SS A, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2863-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3411 BP 266 EP 274 DI 10.1117/12.307708 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BL17F UT WOS:000074540800030 ER PT S AU Dove, RC Chowdhury, MR AF Dove, RC Chowdhury, MR BE Tomasini, EP TI Use of laser techniques for detecting modal shifts in damaged concrete intake tower models SO THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS BY LASER TECHNIQUES: ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Vibration Measurements by Laser Techniques CY JUN 16-19, 1998 CL ANCONA, ITALY SP Italian Assoc Laser Velocimetry, Univ Studi Ancona, Dipartimento Meccan, AEA SArl, API Raffineria Ancona SpA, DAYCO PTI SpA, Merloni Elettrodomestici, NUOVO PIGNONE SpA, Opto & Laser Europe, TEUCO Guzzini Srl, Amer Concrete Inst Int, AMA, Fachverband Sensorik e V, Acoust Soc Japan, Bulgarreklama, GISI, Gruppo Imprese Strumentazione Italia, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, Int Measurement Confederat, Soc Automot Engineers Japan, Opt Soc Amer, Soc Automot Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers DE damaged tower response; intake tower; laser technique; modal experiment; modal shift; undamaged tower response AB In the event of an earthquake, it is vitally important that the catastrophic failure of a dam and subsequent sudden release of the reservoir be prevented. An important part of the prevention of such a failure is maintaining the ability to control the release of water after the earthquake. For most earthen dams, and some concrete dams, the release of water is controlled through a reinforced concrete intake tower. Most intake towers in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers existing inventory are very lightly reinforced. The functional survival of such lightly reinforced towers was the main concern of a recent research effort conducted at the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station(1). The ultimate objective of this research was the evaluation and/or development of approximate or simplified analysis procedures for the evaluation of the ductility of existing intake towers. As part of this research, a series of three experiments were conducted, each of which was composed of the static loading to failure of 1/8th scale models of a typical intake tower configuration. Experimental results for two models (ITS-2 and ITS-3) are reported in this paper. Cyclic bending loads were applied to the models. Material properties and the percentage of steel were varied to model extremes encountered in existing towers. Modal surveys of the experiment models before, during, and after experimentation were conducted using a Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer system. These surveys were used to quantify the changes in the mode shapes and frequencies due to the damage accumulated during experimentation. The application of laser vibrometry and modal analysis to this problem is the main focus of this paper. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Dove, RC (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Struct Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2863-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3411 BP 294 EP 301 DI 10.1117/12.307712 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BL17F UT WOS:000074540800033 ER PT S AU Kimball, BR Nakashima, M DeCristofano, BS Aranda, FJ Rao, DVGLN Asato, AE Liu, RSH AF Kimball, BR Nakashima, M DeCristofano, BS Aranda, FJ Rao, DVGLN Asato, AE Liu, RSH BE Kuzyk, MG TI Third order nonlinear optics of some azulenic donor acceptor compounds SO THIRD-ORDER NONLINEAR OPTICAL MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Materials CY JUL 20, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn DE azulenic donor-acceptor; third-order susceptibility; degenerate four-wave mixing; Z-scan; solvatochromism AB We studied the third-order nonlinear optical properties of five azulenic donor-acceptor compounds. The compounds were studied in solution in Tetrahydrofuran using backward degenerate four-wave mixing and Z-scan with 30 picosecond pulses at 532 manometer wavelength. Extrapolated values for the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (chi((3)))of the solute molecules were obtained from concentration dependent measurements. The compounds possess large values of chi((3)) in the range 3 x 10 (-10) esu to 3 x 10 (-8) esu. The two orders of magnitude change in the magnitude of the susceptibility that we observe for this series of donor-acceptor azulenic compounds makes them interesting candidates for the study of structure property relationships in nonlinear optical chromophores. The compounds also exhibit large solvatochromism and may also prove to be useful in second-order nonlinear optical applications. C1 USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kimball, BR (reprint author), USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2928-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3473 BP 101 EP 111 DI 10.1117/12.328180 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BM20S UT WOS:000078031000011 ER PT B AU Atwater, TB AF Atwater, TB BE Frank, HA Seo, ET TI Zinc-air batteries for field charging SO THIRTEENTH ANNUAL BATTERY CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS AND ADVANCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances CY JAN 13-16, 1998 CL CALIF STATE UNIV, LONG BEACH, LONG BEACH, CA SP Calif State Univ, Long Beach, Coll Engn, Adv Lead Acid Battery Consortium, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Electrochem Soc Inc, Independent Battery Manufacturers Assoc Inc, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Int Cadmium Assoc, N Amer, So Calif Edison Co, Batteries Int Ltd, Business Commun Co Inc, Darnell Grp, Int Battery Technol Inc, Intertec Int Inc, ITE JEC Press Inc, 7 Mountains Sci Inc HO CALIF STATE UNIV, LONG BEACH AB In order to realize the operational and service cost savings through the use of rechargeable batteries, the dismounted soldier is burdened with the weight, volume and/or charging logistics of the batteries. By providing the soldier with a high energy density source and a light weight compact battery charger the burden imposed by rechargeable batteries in the forward field can be minimized. Zinc-air batteries have the potential for meeting the energy demands of forward battlefield charging. They are attitude insensitive, have a high specific energy and are inherently inexpensive, lightweight and safe. C1 USA, CECOM, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Atwater, TB (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4098-1 PY 1998 BP 55 EP 57 DI 10.1109/BCAA.1998.653839 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK54D UT WOS:000072520900010 ER PT B AU Brundage, MT AF Brundage, MT BE Frank, HA Seo, ET TI Development of Li/MnO2 pouch cell batteries for man-portable military communications electronics equipment SO THIRTEENTH ANNUAL BATTERY CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS AND ADVANCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances CY JAN 13-16, 1998 CL CALIF STATE UNIV, LONG BEACH, LONG BEACH, CA SP Calif State Univ, Long Beach, Coll Engn, Adv Lead Acid Battery Consortium, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Electrochem Soc Inc, Independent Battery Manufacturers Assoc Inc, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Int Cadmium Assoc, N Amer, So Calif Edison Co, Batteries Int Ltd, Business Commun Co Inc, Darnell Grp, Int Battery Technol Inc, Intertec Int Inc, ITE JEC Press Inc, 7 Mountains Sci Inc HO CALIF STATE UNIV, LONG BEACH AB The Army is continuously striving to improve the effectiveness and capabilities of the soldier in the battlefield. To successfully accomplish these goals an increased emphasis has been placed on the use of lightweight, high power demanding communications and electronics devices. These devices require go-to-war power sources (primary batteries) that provide increased power and energy without substantially affecting weight, volume, and cost. This paper will provide a description of the Army's current primary battery development efforts in Li/MnO2 pouch cell batteries, as well as a technology comparison with currently fielded Li/SO2 batteries. C1 USA, CECOM, RDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Brundage, MT (reprint author), USA, CECOM, RDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4098-1 PY 1998 BP 67 EP 70 DI 10.1109/BCAA.1998.653842 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK54D UT WOS:000072520900013 ER PT B AU Cygan, PJ Atwater, TB Jarvis, LP AF Cygan, PJ Atwater, TB Jarvis, LP BE Frank, HA Seo, ET TI Hybrid power sources for military applications SO THIRTEENTH ANNUAL BATTERY CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS AND ADVANCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances CY JAN 13-16, 1998 CL CALIF STATE UNIV, LONG BEACH, LONG BEACH, CA SP Calif State Univ, Long Beach, Coll Engn, Adv Lead Acid Battery Consortium, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Electrochem Soc Inc, Independent Battery Manufacturers Assoc Inc, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Int Cadmium Assoc, N Amer, So Calif Edison Co, Batteries Int Ltd, Business Commun Co Inc, Darnell Grp, Int Battery Technol Inc, Intertec Int Inc, ITE JEC Press Inc, 7 Mountains Sci Inc HO CALIF STATE UNIV, LONG BEACH AB The hybrid power sources consisting of a high energy density but low power density component, and high power density but low energy density component are subject of this paper. Such systems could provide much needed capability of high current pulses and extend the operation time of comparable in size and weight battery system. This is especially true for the military applications. Several different hybrid power systems have been evaluated. A zinc-air/electrochemical capacitor (EC) hybrid under pulse load demonstrated power levels more than double of that of the zinc-air battery alone over extensive time of operation. A similar benefits were demonstrated in the fuel cell/electrochemical capacitor and fuel cell/sealed lead-acid battery systems. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, AMSEL,RD,AS,BE, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Cygan, PJ (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, AMSEL,RD,AS,BE, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4098-1 PY 1998 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.1109/BCAA.1998.653846 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK54D UT WOS:000072520900017 ER PT S AU Swami, A Ghogho, M AF Swami, A Ghogho, M BE Fargues, MP Hippenstiel, RD TI Cramer-Rao bounds for coupled harmonics in noise SO THIRTY-FIRST ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP USN, Naval Postgrad Sch, San Jose State Univ, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB When a signal consisting of harmonics (and possibly stationary mixing noise) is passed through a non-linearity, the output consists of frequency and phase coupled harmonics. There exist several techniques (e.g., based on periodograms, poly-periodograms and their slices) which may be used to detect and estimate the coupled frequencies (and then to infer properties of the non-linearity). In order to assess the performance of these algorithms, we derive the corresponding Cramer-Rao bounds, constrained by the coupling equations. Special cases such as quadratic, cubic and self coupling are then considered. These results are used to evaluate the asymptotic relative efficiency of some recently proposed algorithms. Several extensions of the basic results are also given. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL IS TA, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Swami, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL IS TA, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-8186-8316-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 1998 BP 483 EP 487 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL02V UT WOS:000074080800090 ER PT B AU Kozycki, R AF Kozycki, R GP SAFE SAFE TI Developing a modeling and simulation paradigm for assessing the encumbrance of helicopter aircrew clothing and equipment SO THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM SAFE ASSOCIATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual SAFE Symposium CY SEP 14-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SAFE Assoc AB Current protective and safety clothing and equipment items supplied to U.S. Army helicopter aircrews, have been developed over the years as individual items dictated for the most part by special mission requirements. This lack of an effective, integrated design has resulted in equipment items that can be a physical burden to wear and cause a degradation in operational performance. The Air Warrior program is a U.S. Army effort that seeks to correct some of the problems with the current equipment ensembles and eventually field the next generation of aircrew-mounted mission equipment. This future equipment will provide a fully integrated protective ensemble that will enhance the capabilities and performance of the aircrew. In conjunction with the Air Warrior program, the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Human Research and Engineering Directorate (HRED) developed a modeling and simulation approach to examine the encumbrance of current helicopter aircrew clothing and equipment. This approach used 3D graphical anthropometric human figure models fitted with digitized Aviation Life Support Equipment (ALSE) as a means of examining the operational impact of this gear on the aircrew. Results obtained from this method were compared to data collected with a Motion Analysis optical tracking system on actual subjects wearing the same ALSE items. Based on the limited data collected, this method shows promise for evaluating future clothing and equipment ensembles. C1 USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Kozycki, R (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAFE ASSOC PI YONCALLA PA 4995 SCOTTS VALLEY RD, PO BOX 490, YONCALLA, OR 97499-0490 USA PY 1998 BP 271 EP 279 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL94R UT WOS:000077255200032 ER PT B AU Cohen, KS AF Cohen, KS GP SAFE SAFE TI Relationship of protective mask seal pressure to fit factor SO THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM SAFE ASSOCIATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual SAFE Symposium CY SEP 14-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SAFE Assoc AB Currently, protective mask seal designs are evaluated indirectly by measuring fit factor (FF) a ratio of the concentration of particles outside versus inside the mask. This paper describes an alternate process far evaluating mask seals by measuring the pressure distribution between the seal and face. The goal was to develop a relationship between FF and seal pressure. The FF and seal pressure relationship could be used to predict the seal pressure necessary to provide a specific FF or determine whether the seal pressure provided by a mask prototype is sufficient to meet a protection or FF requirement. Pressure was measured using a thin film flexible sensor placed at 11 locations around the seal of an M40 protective mask on a headform. Corresponding FF was measured using a PORTACOUNT(R) Plus protective mask fit tester. Measurements were made for three degrees of strap tightness over a total of 22 trials. Regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between seal pressure and FF. Data and model analysis indicated a strong relationship between FF and seal pressure (R-2=0.87) Eleven validation trials were conducted to verify predictive capability of the seal pressure and FF relationships Passing or failing FF was correctly predicted by a single seal pressure measurement in 9 of II trials. Seal pressure profiles required for achieving a passing FF with the M40 mask were also determined These findings suggest that pressure measurement may be a promising new tool for design and evaluation of protective mask seals and may also prove to be beneficial in the evaluation of other head-borne systems. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Cohen, KS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAFE ASSOC PI YONCALLA PA 4995 SCOTTS VALLEY RD, PO BOX 490, YONCALLA, OR 97499-0490 USA PY 1998 BP 407 EP 418 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BL94R UT WOS:000077255200044 ER PT S AU Corner, B Hu, AM AF Corner, B Hu, AM BE Ellson, RN Nurre, JH TI Effect of sway on image fidelity in whole body digitizing SO THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGE CAPTURE AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on 3-Dimensional Image Capture and Applications CY JAN 27-28, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn, IS&T Soc Imaging Sci & Technol DE 3D digitizing; body movement AB For 3D digitizers to be useful data collection tools in scientific and human factors engineering applications, the models created from scan data must match the original object very closely. Factors such as ambient light, characteristics of the object's surface, and object movement, among others can affect the quality of the image produced by any 3D digitizing system. Recently, Cyberware has developed a whole body digitizer for collecting data on human size and shape. With a digitizing time of about 15 seconds, the effect subject movement, or sway, on model fidelity is an important issue to be addressed. The effect of sway is best measured by comparing the dimensions of an object of known geometry to the model of the same object captured by the digitizer. Since it is difficult to know the geometry of a human body accurately, it was decided to compare an object of simple geometry to its digitized counterpart. Preliminary analysis showed that a single cardboard tube would provide the best artifact for detecting sway. A tube was attached to the subjects using supports that allowed the cylinder to stand away from the body. The stand-off was necessary to minimize occluded areas. Multiple scans were taken of 1 subject and the cylinder extracted from the images. Comparison of the actual cylinder dimensions to those extracted from the whole body images found the effect of sway to be minimal. This follows earlier findings that anthropometric dimensions extracted from whole body scans are very close to the same dimensions measured using standard manual methods. Recommendations for subject preparation and stabilization are discussed. C1 USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Corner, B (reprint author), USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2753-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3313 BP 90 EP 99 DI 10.1117/12.302441 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK71M UT WOS:000073193100010 ER PT J AU Luxemburger, C Nosten, F Kyle, DE Kiricharoen, L Chongsuphajaisiddhi, T White, NJ AF Luxemburger, C Nosten, F Kyle, DE Kiricharoen, L Chongsuphajaisiddhi, T White, NJ TI Clinical features cannot predict a diagnosis of malaria or differentiate the infecting species in children living in an area of low transmission SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium malariae; Plasmodium vivax; diagnosis; clinical signs; children; Thailand ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; THAILAND; POPULATION; RESISTANT; CRITERIA AB The differentiation of malaria from other causes of fever in the absence of microscopy is notoriously difficult. Clinical predictors of malaria have been studied in an area of low and unstable transmission on the western border of Thailand. In 1527 children aged 2-15 years who were followed prospectively for 7 months, 82% (1254) had at least one febrile episode. Malaria caused 24% (301) of the first febrile episodes (Plasmodium falciparum 128, P. vivax 151, P. malariae 1, mixed infections with P. falciparum and P. vivax 21). Each malaria case was matched with the next child of similar age presenting to the dispensary with another cause of fever. Clinical symptoms or signs associated with a final diagnosis of malaria were: confirmed fever (greater than or equal to 38 degrees C) (odds ratio [OR] 1.6, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.4-1.9), headache (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3-1.9), muscle and/or joint pain (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.6-2.8), nausea (OR 1 7, 95% CI 1.4-2.3), clinical anaemia (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3-3.3), palpable spleen (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.7), palpable liver (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-2.1), absence of cough (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4-2.0), and absence of diarrhoea (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2-2.4). None of these signs alone or in combination proved a good predictor of malaria. The best diagnostic algorithms (history of fever and headache without cough, and history of fever with an oral temperature greater than or equal to 38 degrees C [sensitivity 51% for both, specificity 72 and 71%, respectively]) would result in prescription of antimalarial drugs in 28-29% of the non-malaria febrile episodes, and only 49% of the true malaria cases. Thus half of the potentially life-threatening P. falciparum infections would not be treated. Although multivariate analysis identified vomiting, confirmed fever, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly as independent risk factors for a diagnosis of falciparum malaria, use of these signs to differentiate falciparum from vivax malaria, and thus to determine antimalarial treatment, was insufficiently sensitive or specific. Malaria diagnosis should be confirmed by microscopical examination of a blood slide or the use of specific dip stick tests in areas of low transmission where highly drug-resistant P. falciparum coexists with P. vivax. C1 Shoklo Malaria Res Unit, Mae Sot 63110, Tak, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok, Thailand. John Radcliffe Hosp, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. USA, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Luxemburger, C (reprint author), Shoklo Malaria Res Unit, POB 46, Mae Sot 63110, Tak, Thailand. RI White, Nicholas/I-4629-2012; OI Nosten, Francois/0000-0002-7951-0745 FU Wellcome Trust NR 19 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 92 IS 1 BP 45 EP 49 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(98)90950-6 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YY989 UT WOS:000072210400016 PM 9692150 ER PT J AU Geisbert, TW Jaax, NK AF Geisbert, TW Jaax, NK TI Marburg hemorrhagic fever: Report of a case studied by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy SO ULTRASTRUCTURAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ebola virus; electron microscopy; immunohistochemistry; Marburg virus; pancreatitis ID EBOLA-VIRUS; MONKEYS; INFECTION; DISEASE; PARTICLES; LIVER AB The histologic and ultrastructural findings in a fatal human case of Marburg hemorrhagic fever are reported. Marburg virus was isolated from fluids and tissues and was identified in tissues by immunohistochemistry and electron and immunoelectron microscopy. The distribution of viral antigen by light level immunohistochemistry correlated with histologic lesions and also with the ultrastructural localization of virions. The tissue distribution and lesions of Marburg virus in this patient were consistent with the disease described in other human Marburg infections. Immunocytochemistry and ultrastructural examination revealed several previously unreported findings. A striking predilection for viral infection of the pancreatic islet cells was noted. In other tissues, macrophages were the primary cellular target for Marburg virus infection, with hepatocytes, adrenal cortical and medullary cells, and fibroblast-like cells also serving as important sites of viral replication. This case demonstrates the value of transmission electron microscopy as a tool for assisting in the definitive diagnosis of Marburg or Ebola hemorrhagic fever, as well as providing insight into the pathogenesis of these agents. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, MCMR UIP D, Div Pathol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Geisbert, TW (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, MCMR UIP D, Div Pathol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM Tom_Geisbert@DETRICK.ARMY.MIL NR 41 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 2 PU HEMISPHERE PUBL CORP PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 USA SN 0191-3123 J9 ULTRASTRUCT PATHOL JI Ultrastruct. Pathol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 22 IS 1 BP 3 EP 17 PG 15 WC Microscopy; Pathology SC Microscopy; Pathology GA YR370 UT WOS:000071488600001 PM 9491211 ER PT J AU Moul, JW Bauer, JJ Srivastava, S Colon, E Ho, CK Sesterhenn, IA McLeod, DG AF Moul, JW Bauer, JJ Srivastava, S Colon, E Ho, CK Sesterhenn, IA McLeod, DG TI Perineal seeding of prostate cancer as the only evidence of clinical recurrence 14 years after needle biopsy and radical prostatectomy: Molecular correlation SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID P53 AB Perineal needle tract seeding of prostate cancer is an unusual complication of perineal prostate biopsy. We report a case with the longest known interval from biopsy to perineal recurrence-14 years. The prostate-specific antigen did not become detectable until 12 years after biopsy and no other metastases were apparent, suggesting that the patient's perineal disease was an isolated recurrence. Immunohistochemical staining of the perineal recurrence and the original biopsy and prostate for the p53 tumor suppressor gene and bcl-2 oncogene proteins revealed rare/absent p53 expression but marked increased bcl-2 expression. This unusual molecular pedigree may help to explain this rare clinical scenario. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Genitourinary Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAHNERS PUBL CO PI NEW YORK PA 249 WEST 17 STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD JAN PY 1998 VL 51 IS 1 BP 158 EP 160 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(97)00487-1 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA YU037 UT WOS:000071673500033 PM 9457312 ER PT J AU Le, TP Church, LWP Corradin, G Hunter, RL Charoenvit, Y Wang, RB de la Vega, P Sacci, J Ballou, WR Kolodny, N Kitov, S Glenn, GM Richards, RL Alving, CR Hoffman, SL AF Le, TP Church, LWP Corradin, G Hunter, RL Charoenvit, Y Wang, RB de la Vega, P Sacci, J Ballou, WR Kolodny, N Kitov, S Glenn, GM Richards, RL Alving, CR Hoffman, SL TI Immunogenicity of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein multiple antigen peptide vaccine formulated with different adjuvants SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum vaccine; circumsporozoite protein; multiple antigen peptide ID T-CELL EPITOPES; MALARIA VACCINE; MURINE MALARIA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PROTECTIVE ANTIBODIES; COPOLYMER ADJUVANTS; SPOROZOITE VACCINE; REPEAT REGION; WALL SKELETON; INVITRO ASSAY AB Only low antibody levels were obtained from vaccinating human volunteers with single-chain peptide from the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP). This resulted in modest protection against sporozoite challenge. In addition, HLA restriction limits the probability of synthesis of a vaccine effective for a diverse population, We report immunization studies with a multiple antigen peptide (MAP) system consisting of multiple copies of a B-cell epitope from the central repeat region of the PfCSP in combination with a universal T-cell epitope, the P2P30 portion of tetanus toxin, This MAP4(NANP)(6)P2P30 vaccine was highly immunogenic in four different strains of mice when used with various safe and nontoxic adjuvants, When this MAP vaccine was encapsulated in liposomes with lipid A and adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide and given three times at 4-week intervals, the resultant antibody prevented 100% of sporozoites from invading and developing into liver stage infection. This high degree of immunogenicity of MAP4(NANP)(6)P2P30 vaccine formulated in liposomes, lipid A and aluminum hydroxide provides the foundation for consideration of human trials with this formulation. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Malaria Program, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Lausanne, Inst Biochem, Lausanne, Switzerland. Emory Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Glenn, GM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 16 IS 2-3 BP 305 EP 312 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(97)00165-5 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA YL616 UT WOS:000070974200030 PM 9607047 ER PT J AU Puri, B Nelson, W Porter, KR Henchal, EA Hayes, CG AF Puri, B Nelson, W Porter, KR Henchal, EA Hayes, CG TI Complete nucleotide sequence analysis of a Western Pacific dengue-1 virus strain SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE dengue-1 Western Pacific virus; flavivirus; nucleotide sequence AB We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid polypeptide sequence of the genome of a dengue-1 (DEN-1) virus strain isolated from a patient on Nauru in the Western Pacific in 1974 (West Pac 74). The complete genome is 10,735 nucleotides in length and contains a single long open reading frame of 10,176 nucleotides encoding a polyprotein of 3392 amino acids. When compared to DEN-1 Singapore S275/90, the nucleotide and amino acid sequence homology are 94% and 97.8%, respectively. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Puri, B (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Infect Dis, Code 41,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM PURI@NMRIPO.NMRI.NNMC.NAVY.MIL NR 5 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PY 1998 VL 17 IS 1 BP 85 EP 88 DI 10.1023/A:1008009202695 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 121DE UT WOS:000075996200010 PM 9778791 ER PT J AU Cai, J Cui, HL Lenzing, EH Pastore, R Rhodes, DL Perlman, BS AF Cai, J Cui, HL Lenzing, EH Pastore, R Rhodes, DL Perlman, BS TI Hydrodynamic device modeling with band nonparabolicity SO VLSI DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Computational Electronics (IWCE-4) CY OCT 31-NOV 01, 1995 CL TEMPE, ARIZONA SP USA, Army Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res, Arizona State Univ ID BALANCE-EQUATIONS; TRANSPORT AB A semiconductor device model based on a set of quantum mechanically derived hydrodynamic balance equations are presented. This model takes full account of band nonparabolicity, in addition to its other useful features such as the explicit evaluation of momentum and energy relaxation rates, in the form of frictional force and energy loss rate, within the model, and inclusion of carrier-carrier interaction effects, such as dynamical screening. Numerical results of one-dimensional device simulations are presented and compared with parabolic approximations. C1 Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. USA, Res Lab, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Cai, J (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1065-514X J9 VLSI DES JI VLSI Des. PY 1998 VL 6 IS 1-4 BP 181 EP 183 DI 10.1155/1998/28708 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA 110BF UT WOS:000075358800039 ER PT J AU Reid, TJ Snider, R Hartman, K Greilich, PE Carr, ME Alving, BM AF Reid, TJ Snider, R Hartman, K Greilich, PE Carr, ME Alving, BM TI A method for the quantitative assessment of platelet-induced clot retraction and clot strength in fresh and stored platelets SO VOX SANGUINIS LA English DT Article ID MEDIATED FORCE DEVELOPMENT; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; STORAGE LESION; THROMBIN; ACTIVATION; ACTIN; TRANSFUSION; ASSOCIATION; EXPRESSION; PLASMA AB Background and Objectives: The changes that occur in platelets as they undergo storage have been documented by aggregometry as well as by flow cytometry. However, one of the most essential platelet functions, the induction of clot retraction, has not been quantitatively assessed in stored platelets. We describe two potentially useful methods, platelet-induced clot retraction and clot strength, to assess effect of storage of platelets in blood banks or of platelet preparations subjected to freezing or freeze-drying. These methods have previously been developed for bedside monitoring of patients receiving c7E3 (Reopro(R)). Materials and Methods: Platelet-induced clot retraction (PICR) and clot strength were measured with the Hemodyne(TM) and Thromboelastograph(R), respectively. Paired Study: Fresh platelet concentrates (n = 3) were obtained from leukapheresis donors and divided into two equal units; one unit was tested within 4 h of collection and the other stored for 5 days at 22 degrees C in a platelet incubator and tested. Unpaired Study: Fresh platelet concentrates (n = 15) were obtained from leukapheresis donors and tested within 4 h of collection and compared to outdated platelets (n = 30; random or single donor) that had been stored for 5 days at 22 degrees C in a platelet incubator. Alternative Presevation Methods: Lyophilized platelets, platelets chilled to 4 degrees C, platelets frozen at -70 degrees C in 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or in the absence of a cryoprotectant. Results: Paired Study: Stored platelets demonstrated an increase in PICR; the difference was not significant (p = 0.55). There was no difference in clot strength between fresh and outdated platelets (p = 0.90). Unpaired Study: When compared to fresh platelets, stored platelets demonstrated a 2-fold higher PICR (p = 0.0011), On the other hand, there was no difference in the time to onset of PICR (p = 0.08) and there was no difference in clot strength between fresh and outdated platelets (p = 0.14). Alternate Preservation Methods: In contrast, PICR and clot strength were reduced in platelets frozen at -70 degrees C in 5% DMSO and absent in lyophilized platelets, in platelets frozen at -70 degrees C in the absence of cryoprotectants or stored at 4 degrees C. Conclusion: The data indicate that the ability of platelets to induce clot retraction and to enhance clot strength is not altered by storage, despite functional abnormalities in aggregation and agglutination. These data suggest that quantitative measurements of PICR and clot strength may be simple, useful tools for assessing the function of stored platelet concentrates, platelets that have undergone freezing or exposure to alternative buffers and for evaluating platelet functions relevant to PICR. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Hematol & Vasc Biol, Div Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesia, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Med Coll Virginia, Dept Hematol Oncol, Richmond, VA USA. RP Reid, TJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Hematol & Vasc Biol, Div Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM reidt@wrsmtp-ccmail.army.mil NR 40 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9007 J9 VOX SANG JI Vox Sang. PY 1998 VL 75 IS 4 BP 270 EP 277 DI 10.1159/000031003 PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 153HM UT WOS:000077827400003 PM 9873262 ER PT J AU Vick, DJ Byrd, JC Beal, CL Chaffin, DJ AF Vick, DJ Byrd, JC Beal, CL Chaffin, DJ TI Mixed-type autoimmune hemolytic anemia following fludarabine treatment in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia small cell lymphoma SO VOX SANGUINIS LA English DT Article ID AUTOANTIBODIES; WARM; COLD AB Background and objectives: Mixed-type autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AI-HA) is a rare complication of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), We report a patient with small lymphocytic lymphoma (phenotypic CLL) who developed symptomatic anemia 3 weeks after her fifth cycle of fludarabine, a T cell immunosuppressant. Materials and Methods: An antibody screen and panel, direct antiglobulin test, rapid acid eluate, rabbit erythrocyte stroma (RESt) adsorption, and autoadsorption were performed. Results: Warm and cold autoantibodies were detected. Prompt treatment with corticosteroids and minimal blood transfusions led to marked improvement. Conclusion: Normally, T cells suppress polyclonal lymphocytes that produce autoantibodies. Suppression of T cells in this patient in addition to the underlying disease process, may explain this mixed-type AIHA, the first reported case to occur following fludarabine treatment. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Area Lab Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Vick, DJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Area Lab Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9007 J9 VOX SANG JI Vox Sang. PY 1998 VL 74 IS 2 BP 122 EP 126 DI 10.1159/000030917 PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YW663 UT WOS:000071960100010 PM 9501412 ER PT J AU Mower, B AF Mower, B TI A multiple source approach to acute human health risk assessments SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB The US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine (USACHPPM) has developed a three-tiered approach to perform an acute noncarcinogenic health risk assessment to comply with requirements contained in USEPA's 'Addendum to the Methodology for Assessing Health Risks Associated with Indirect Exposure to Combustor Emissions' (USEPA, Draft strategy for combustion of hazardous waste, May 1993). The addendum document drafted in November 1993 suggests evaluation of short-term emissions and exposures, but it does not provide necessary guidance or methodology. This evaluation becomes extremely complex when several sources contribute to the overall concentration of contaminants in the air. Because each source has a different emission rate, location, and dispersion profile, the compound-specific maximum concentrations are rarely located at the same receptor location, as determined by using the Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST3) dispersion model. Furthermore, evaluation of hazard quotients at various receptor locations from a large number of contaminants from multiple sources is an extremely complex and tedious process; This paper will detail a three-tiered approach which was developed to perform the acute risk assessment, quantify possible advantages and disadvantages associated with each tier, and demonstrate the effects of contributing factors, such as distance, emission rate variability, population/exposure scenarios, and compound speciation. In order to accomplish this task, a sample facility with four different combustion sources was modeled and processed according to the three-tiered approach. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Mower, B (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 1998 VL 18 IS 6-8 BP 377 EP 384 DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(98)00128-7 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 179EB UT WOS:000079311700004 ER PT J AU Sundaram, ST Zhang, YZ Sharma, A Brodman, BW AF Sundaram, ST Zhang, YZ Sharma, A Brodman, BW TI Screening for the involvement of the hydroxyl radical in the biodegradation of glyceryl trinitrate by Penicillium corylophilum Dierckz SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; NITRATE ESTERS; DEGRADATION; OXIDATION AB In this investigation the ability of free hydroxyl radicals generated via the reaction between an iron salt and H2O2 to degrade glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was investigated. In a period of 27 h, GTN was completely degraded by free hydroxyl radicals when tested at 50 mg l(-1) concentration. Degradation could not be accomplished by H2O2 Or the iron salt alone. A free hydroxyl radical scavenger, bulbocapnine, completely inhibited the degradation of GTN supporting the conclusion that the hydroxyl free radicals may be responsible for the degradation of GTN. Our previous investigation revealed that a fungal culture, Penicillium corylophilum Dierckz, has the capability to completely degrade GTN within 308h (Zhang, Y., Sundaram, S. T., Sharma, A, and Brodman, B. W. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63(5): 1712-1714 (1997)(1)). In the present investigation, we studied the possibility of the involvement of free hydroxyl radicals in the biodegradation of GTN. This study was carried out with the inclusion of bulbocapnine in the fungal growth medium indicating that the free hydroxyl radicals were not involved in the degradation of GTN by P. corylophilum. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Geo Ctr Inc, Lake Hopatcong, NJ 07849 USA. USA, Armaments Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Sundaram, ST (reprint author), Geo Ctr Inc, Lake Hopatcong, NJ 07849 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 1998 VL 17 IS 7 BP 437 EP 441 DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(97)10028-9 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZU080 UT WOS:000074159200004 ER PT J AU Maloney, SW Engbert, EG Suidan, MT Hickey, RF AF Maloney, SW Engbert, EG Suidan, MT Hickey, RF TI Anaerobic fluidized-bed treatment of propellant wastewater SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dinitrotoluene; diaminotoluene; anaerobic treatment; fluidized-bed reactors; propellants; pretreatment ID ACTIVATED CARBON; 2,4-DINITROTOLUENE; REACTORS; BIOTRANSFORMATION; BIODEGRADATION; IDENTIFICATION; ADSORPTION; WATER AB Treatment of propellant wastewater by anaerobic fluidized-bed bioreactors (FBRs) containing granular activated carbon has been shown to be effective in laboratory and field feasibility studies. These studies were conducted in 100 mm (4 in.) diameter columns (8 L volume) treating low volumes of water taken directly from a propellant-production operation. The contaminant of interest, dinitrotoluene, was converted anaerobically to diaminotoluene (DAT), with subsequent aerobic mineralization of the DAT in an activated-sludge process. A demonstration of this technology has been conducted at Radford, Virginia, Army Ammunition Plant, using a commercially available 500 mm (2O in.) diameter column (710 L volume) FBR modified for anaerobic operation. The FBR was followed in series by a rotating biological contactor to simulate anaerobic pretreatment at a point source, followed by aerobic treatment at the existing facilities. Significant differences in the composition of the wastewater stream were encountered between the feasibility study and demonstration. The concentrations of easily degraded solvents (ethanol and ether) were much lower during the demonstration than during the feasibility studies, The events encountered in scaling up the process from the laboratory to pilot scale are reported, and the results of the pilot-scale demonstration are compared with the laboratory-scale data. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Labs, Corps Engineers, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. USA, Ctr Environm, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EFX Syst Inc, Lansing, MI USA. RP Maloney, SW (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Labs, Corps Engineers, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 70 IS 1 BP 52 EP 59 DI 10.2175/106143098X126883 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA YV873 UT WOS:000071872100007 ER PT B AU Killgore, MW AF Killgore, MW BE Loucks, ED TI The role of the Seattle District of the Army Corps of Engineers in the International Joint Commission SO WATER RESOURCES AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Session of ASCE 25th Annual Conference on Water Resources Planning and Management / 1998 Annual Conference on Environmental Engineering CY JUN 07-10, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, USA Corps Engineers, US EPA, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Environm Engn & Water Resources Grp, ASCE IL Sect, Metropolitan Water Reclamat Dist Greater Chicago AB This paper discusses the participation of the Seattle District of the Army Corps of Engineers in trans-boundary water management with its Canadian counterparts. The District Commander plays a pivotal role as a representative of the U.S. Section of the International Joint Commission. In addition, the District is involved in other water resources operations with trans-boundary implications, such as operations at Ross Dam on the Skagit River under flood conditions. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Seattle Dist, Seattle, WA 98134 USA. RP Killgore, MW (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Seattle Dist, 4735 E Marginal Way S, Seattle, WA 98134 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0343-0 PY 1998 BP 61 EP 65 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36A UT WOS:000081696300010 ER PT B AU Athow, RF Holland, JP AF Athow, RF Holland, JP BE Loucks, ED TI Use of advanced hydroenvironmental modeling and simulation in water resources management SO WATER RESOURCES AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Session of ASCE 25th Annual Conference on Water Resources Planning and Management / 1998 Annual Conference on Environmental Engineering CY JUN 07-10, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, USA Corps Engineers, US EPA, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Environm Engn & Water Resources Grp, ASCE IL Sect, Metropolitan Water Reclamat Dist Greater Chicago AB The U.S. Army is the lead within the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) modeling and simulation (M&S) tool science and technology development to support water resources development. This research and development is led for the Army by the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES). The WES has developed a series of groundwater, surface water, and watershed modeling systems in support of water resources project design, operation, and management. These systems provide access to multiple models, analysis tools, visualization, geographic information systems, and databases from a single set of comprehensive computational environments. Applications of these systems are conducted by multiple organizations (e.g., U.S. Army Corps of Engineers field offices, U.S. Army, Navy, and Air Force installations, Department of Energy [DOE], Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], academia, etc.) and WES, particularly in support of environmental quality (EQ) resource management and water resources project design/operation. These applications involve risk and tradeoff analyses for impact assessment, compliance and regulatory issues, risk reduction, and natural/cultural resource management. All of the overviewed systems have been developed through partnerships with other DoD and Federal agencies (particularly the DOE and the EPA), and academia. The development paths for these tools over the next three years will also be presented. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Athow, RF (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0343-0 PY 1998 BP 639 EP 644 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36A UT WOS:000081696300108 ER PT B AU Peters, JF Howington, SE AF Peters, JF Howington, SE BE Loucks, ED TI Continuumization of spatial network data SO WATER RESOURCES AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Session of ASCE 25th Annual Conference on Water Resources Planning and Management / 1998 Annual Conference on Environmental Engineering CY JUN 07-10, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, USA Corps Engineers, US EPA, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Environm Engn & Water Resources Grp, ASCE IL Sect, Metropolitan Water Reclamat Dist Greater Chicago AB As part of an on-going groundwater modeling research program, a numerical model based on discrete networks was developed to simulate fluid flow and contaminant transport through porous media. A fundamental problem in applying the discrete model is relationship between discrete quantities and their conceptualization in a continuum setting. This paper describes pre- and postprocessing procedures for interaction between the continuum idealization of the Groundwater Modeling System and the discrete network model. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Peters, JF (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0343-0 PY 1998 BP 645 EP 650 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36A UT WOS:000081696300109 ER PT B AU Loehlein, WC AF Loehlein, WC BE Loucks, ED TI Reservoir operations during sedimentation removal at Conemaugh River Lake SO WATER RESOURCES AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Session of ASCE 25th Annual Conference on Water Resources Planning and Management / 1998 Annual Conference on Environmental Engineering CY JUN 07-10, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, USA Corps Engineers, US EPA, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Environm Engn & Water Resources Grp, ASCE IL Sect, Metropolitan Water Reclamat Dist Greater Chicago AB Conemaugh River Lake was authorized by the 1936 Flood Control Act for the sole purpose of reducing flood stages on the Kiskiminetas, lower Allegheny, and upper Ohio Rivers and placed in full operation in December 1952. However, over the years sedimentation problems, seriously aggravated by erosion from extensive surface mining operations in its tributary drainage basin, has forced the Pittsburgh District to gradually increase the project's minimum pool elevation. Much of the accumulated sediment in the lake is located immediately upstream of the dam. The sediment, deposited since construction of the dam, exceeds 30 feet in thickness in the lower three miles of the reservoir and is adversely impacting the operation of the dam. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. RP Loehlein, WC (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 1000 Liberty Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0343-0 PY 1998 BP 710 EP 715 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36A UT WOS:000081696300120 ER PT B AU Ward, DL AF Ward, DL BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Runup of wind waves on riprap SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB Methods for estimating height of wave runup on riprap-protected embankments are presented and compared. In the United States methods of estimating runup recommended by the US Army Corps of Engineers are commonly used, while empirical equations developed at Delft Hydraulics in The Netherlands are in common usage in Europe. A brick review of the parameters required as input to the runup equations is included. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ward, DL (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, CN-S,3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 104 EP 109 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600018 ER PT B AU Zabilansky, LJ AF Zabilansky, LJ BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Scour measurements under ice SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB The accuracy of numerical and physical models of scour around bridge piers is compromised by the lack of real-time field data correlating rate of scour with the hydrograph. Performance of scour instrumentation that penetrates through the water surface or uses an umbilical instrumentation cable is in jeopardy of damage when ice and debris are present. To minimize damage from impact, a bottom-founded, robust, radio-based scour monitoring system was developed at the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) and installed in the White River at White River Junction, Vermont. A series of tethered motion-sensitive radio transmitters were buried in the sediment upstream of a bridge pier. Although the approach was crude, it was effective in incrementally detecting depth of scour during an ice breakup event. The transmitters became active in the rising limb of the hydrograph and remained active while the ice sheet encompassing the bridge pier remained competent. Once the ice sheet broke up, allowing the stage to increase, the transmitters returned to the inactive state. It appears that a condition akin to closed conduit flow exists under the ice sheet prior to breakup. Scour depths were later verified using sediment chains installed adjacent to the instrumentation. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Zabilansky, LJ (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 151 EP 156 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600026 ER PT B AU Yankielun, NE Zabilansky, LJ AF Yankielun, NE Zabilansky, LJ BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Innovative instrumentation techniques for detecting and measuring the effects of sediment scour under ice SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB Sediment scour is a severe problem that creates millions of dollars of damage to bridge piers and related infrastructure annually. The effects of scour intensify during high-energy water flow beneath an ice cover. Very little is known of the dynamics of scour under these conditions, principally due to the lack of appropriate instrumentation. Here we present several innovative instrumentation techniques that were developed specifically for detecting and measuring scour under an ice cover but can also be applied to scour measurement in general. These techniques include the application of tethered, neutrally buoyant, motion-sensitive telemetry "fish," an umbilical cable-based time domain reflectometry (TDR) sensor, and a wireless frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FM-CW) reflectometry sensor. The "fish" sensor has a spatial resolution of 12 cm. The TDR- and FM-CW-based sensors have spatial resolutions of 2 cm. All sensors provide continuous, unattended operation and can be uncovered and reburied by multiple sediment erosion and deposition events. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Yankielun, NE (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 204 EP 209 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600035 ER PT B AU Derrick, DL AF Derrick, DL BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI New adventures in bioengineering, willow curtains and willow poles SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB This paper describes two new experimental bioengineering techniques. One demonstration project has been constructed using each method. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Derrick, DL (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 346 EP 351 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600058 ER PT B AU LaGrone, DL Remus, JI AF LaGrone, DL Remus, JI BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Nontraditional erosion control projects constructed on the Missouri River SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB This report is a brief summary of the two nontraditional erosion control pilot projects constructed on the Missouri River between Fort Peck and Garrison Darns. The goal was to use bank stabilization methods composed of materials readily available to agricultural producers. These projects on the Missouri River were much larger in scale than typically constructed bioengineered bank stabilization projects. Bank heights exceeded 40 feet with water depths in excess of 20 feet. There were six different types of structures (willow revetments, A-frame log cribs, log hardpoints, hay bale revetments, bendway weirs and windrow refusals) constructed at the project sites. The Montana willow revetment contained a riprap toe, 2 to 6 inch cobbles and willow posts. The North Dakota willow revetment was designed with only willows and no rock for toe protection The A-frame log cribs were a series of layered A-frames stacked at a 1V to 1.5H slope back towards the bankline. The log hard points were composed of log bundles 60 feet in length buried 30 feet into the bank and angled upstream 30 degrees. The hay bale revetments were constructed using 1,200-1,500 pound, 6-foot diameter hay bales grouped in sets of three and cabled in an inverted "T" formation. The rock bendway weirs were 100 feel long and angled upstream 30 degrees, The cost of rock war expensive at approximately $40.00 per ton delivered with an additional $12 to 520 dollars a ton for placement. Costs of each method ranged from $100 per foot of bankline for the hay bale revetment and log cribs to $150 per foot for the log hardpoints and $177 per foot for the bendway weirs. The average total project cost was $216 to $244 per foot of bankline protected. Although high, the costs were still only half the cost estimated to protect the site with traditional bank stabilization methods. C1 USA, Omaha Dist, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. RP LaGrone, DL (reprint author), USA, Omaha Dist, 215 N 17th St, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 399 EP 404 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600067 ER PT B AU Derrick, DL AF Derrick, DL BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Four years later, Harland Creek Bendway Weir/willow post rank stabilization demonstration project SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB Innovative bank protection techniques, Bendway Weirs and willow posts, were applied to 14 eroding bends of a stream as part of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Vicksburg District's Demonstration Erosion Control program. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Derrick, DL (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 411 EP 416 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600069 ER PT B AU Maynord, ST AF Maynord, ST BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Corps of engineers riprap design for bank stabilization SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB The riprap design procedure presented herein is based on local depth averaged velocity. Techniques for velocity estimation are presented for bank stabilization. D-30 is used to characterize gradation effects and side slope effects are described by an empirical relation rather than the Lane equation. Thickness effects are included in the design procedure. Toe scour estimation and protection are presented along with a proposed method for end scour protection. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Maynord, ST (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 471 EP 476 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600079 ER PT B AU Biedenharn, DS Elliott, CM Watson, CC AF Biedenharn, DS Elliott, CM Watson, CC BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI The WES Stream Investigation and Streambank Stabilization Handbook SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB There is no "cookbook" approach to the design of streambank stabilization projects. Because of this, stabilization designs are based largely on experience acid judgement. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station working under contract with the Environmental Protection Agency recently published "The WES Stream Investigation and Streambank Stabilization Handbook." The general design guidance for streambank stabilization presented in this paper is a summary of Chapter 6 of this handbook. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Biedenharn, DS (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 483 EP 488 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600081 ER PT B AU Walser, JAE Wise, WR Annable, MD Switt, RS AF Walser, JAE Wise, WR Annable, MD Switt, RS BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Investigating isolated wetland - Aquifer interaction through modeling SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB The limitations of existing groundwater models make it difficult to adequately model wetland-aquifer systems. To accurately model a wetland system, a model must be capable of simulating flow through saturated and unsaturated soil. The three-dimensional finite element model, FEMWATER, can simulate these conditions. Specifically, FEMWATER is used to estimate the connectivity between groundwater/wetland systems. Ultimately, the goal is to estimate the amount of groundwater that can be pumped from an aquifer without negatively impacting any associated wetlands by characterizing the wetland-aquifer interaction. This characterization will ideally be done using a relatively small amount of data that is easily obtained from a site visit combined with knowledge of local soil properties. Herein, simulation results are presented and compared to results from a Wetland Aquifer Interaction Test (WAIT). The selection of soil properties, particularly the hydraulic conductivity of the peat layer, has the greatest uncertainty in the model. The role of the pear layer on wetland-aquifer interaction is investigated with regard to potential well-field pumping impacts. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Walser, JAE (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 544 EP 549 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600091 ER PT B AU Gaines, RA Outlaw, J Anderson, JL AF Gaines, RA Outlaw, J Anderson, JL BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Critical watershed identification for West Tennessee streams using GIS SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB Streams in the western region of Tennessee have experienced flooding problems for decades. Past attempts to alleviate flooding problems began as early as the 1920s. These efforts and others primarily consisted of channelization of the liver systems. Mole recently, restoration of the original river channels and their floodplains has been the desired method to reduce flooding. A demonstration project study in the area identified that such methodology can, in specific instances, alleviate drainage problems. A study is currently proposed to evaluate western Tennessee streams in the Obion-Forked Deer watershed using the restoration methodology. Key factors to consider in river restoration of the watershed are its hydrologic. topographic, geologic, and landuse characteristics. Watersheds in western Tennessee have a relatively high sediment production. In order to successfully evaluate restoration of historic river channels in the proposed study, sediment production from tributary watersheds must also be considered. Evaluating the Obion-Forked Deer (OFD) basin, approximately 11,650 Km(2) (4500 Mi(2)) of contributing area, required use of a geographical information system (GIS) for identifying: primary areas to be included in the project study. This paper will discuss use of a GIS in evaluating the OFD watershed. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Memphis, TN 38103 USA. RP Gaines, RA (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Memphis Dist,167 N Main St, Memphis, TN 38103 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 562 EP 567 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600094 ER PT B AU Evans, TA AF Evans, TA BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI GIS data exchange for the hydrologic engineering center's hydraulic and hydrologic models SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB Hydraulic and hydrologic (H&H) modeling begins with a definition of the physical system to be modeled - watersheds, river reaches, channel cross-sections, and so on. As part of the development of its next generation of H&H models, the Hydrologic Engineering Center is developing a data-exchange format to provide a consistent means for transferring these physical element descriptions between their H&H software packages and CADD and GIS programs. Two recent products, the River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) and the Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS), demonstrate the development of this data exchange format. HEC-RAS (version 2.0 and higher) provides the ability to import cross-section locations as XYZ data from terrain models to develop channel and reach geometry. When hydraulic calculations are complete, HEC-RAS can export the profile results back to a CADD or GIS program for comparison with the terrain model. HEC-HMS can import the catchment boundaries and areas, river-reach definitions, and the connectivity of the basin from the data exchange file. This paper describes the file format and the associated terrain modeling routines developed to provide the connection between the H&H models and GIS/CADD software. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Hydrol Engn Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Evans, TA (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Hydrol Engn Ctr, 609 2nd St, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 786 EP 789 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600131 ER PT B AU Cerco, CF Dortch, MS AF Cerco, CF Dortch, MS BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Model of suspended solids, light and SAV SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div ID CHESAPEAKE BAY AB A three-dimensional water quality model, that was originally developed to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrient reduction strategies for decreasing the eutrophication of Chesapeake Bay, has been modified to allow simulation of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). Three new state variables are computed: shoots (above-ground biomass), roots (below-ground biomass), and epiphytes (attached algae). The addition of SAV also required the addition of inorganic suspended solids (ISS). Light attenuation was made a function of the concentrations of phytoplankton and suspended solids, both organic (detritus) and inorganic. In addition to water column light attenuation, self-shading by SAV, shading to epiphytes by SAV, shading to SAV by epiphytes, and epiphyte self-shading are included. Suspended solids are transported and settle at rates that are dependent on SAV density. SAV is linked to both water column and benthic nutrient dynamics. Three different SAV groups are being simulated in Chesapeake Bay in three salinity regions. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Cerco, CF (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 838 EP 843 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600140 ER PT B AU Kim, KW Johnson, BH AF Kim, KW Johnson, BH BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Verification of a 3D hydrodynamic model of the San Juan Estuary system SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB A 3D numerical hydrodynamic model of the San Juan Estuary system has been developed to provide flow fields to a 3D water quality model of the system. As illustrated in Figure 1, the estuary system consists of San Juan Harbor and four lagoons: namely, Condado, San Jose, Torrecilla, and Pinones. The focus of the study is to determine measures, e.g., widening and deepening canals, to improve the water quality of San Jose Lagoon. Verification of the hydrodynamic model to tides, salinity, and canal fluxes is presented. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kim, KW (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 1032 EP 1037 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600173 ER PT B AU Hsieh, BB AF Hsieh, BB BE Abt, SR YoungPezeshk, J Watson, CC TI Maximum simulation reliability for three-dimensional flow model verification using multidimensional response techniques SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING 98, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn, US Geol Survey, US EPA, Wetlands Div AB A method using multidimensional response techniques to maximize the simulation reliability for three-dimensional flow models was developed. This approach extends single-output time domain Box-Jenkins transfer function models for conducting the spatial interpolation of unmeasured locations and filling in missing data. It can construct larger, more reliable data system to examine the model performance. A computational procedure using recursive parameter simulation and Kriging estimation was proposed. The example for simulation surface elevation in Delaware Bay tidal system was presented. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Hsieh, BB (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0359-7 PY 1998 BP 1050 EP 1055 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36H UT WOS:000081713600176 ER PT B AU Sirkis, DM Ulmer, GC Grandstaff, DE Flynn, NP AF Sirkis, DM Ulmer, GC Grandstaff, DE Flynn, NP BE Arehart, GB Hulston, JR TI The Joule-Thomson expansion of CO2 and H2O in geothermal and volcanic processes SO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI-9) CY MAR 30-APR 03, 1998 CL TAUPO, NEW ZEALAND SP Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem, New Zealand Inst Geol & Nucl Sci AB In kimberlites and other volcanoes whose gas or fluid phase is CO2-rich, it has been generally assumed that gas emission during eruption/emplacement would produce a large cooling effect due to gas free-expansion. However, during protracted eruptions, gas emission may be more analogous to an isenthalpic Joule-Thomson expansion. A review of the chemical engineering data and use of various equations of state discloses that CO2 expansions from the geothermal gradient (or hotter) with P > 600 bars will produce a heating effect. Under similar expansion conditions H2O will produce a cooling effect. The implications for volcanic-and geothermal environments rich in CO2 are discussed. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Sirkis, DM (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-942-4 PY 1998 BP 487 EP 490 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BK87J UT WOS:000073721700114 ER PT J AU Zhu, XQ Alonso, C Suidan, MT Cao, HW Kim, BJ Kim, BR AF Zhu, XQ Alonso, C Suidan, MT Cao, HW Kim, BJ Kim, BR TI The effect of liquid phase on VOC removal in trickle-bed biofilters SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Biennial Conference of the International-Association-on-Water-Quality CY JUN 21-26, 1998 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Int Assoc Water Quality DE backwash; biofiltration; modeling; liquid effect; trickle-bed biofilter; VOC ID WASTE GASES; DICHLOROMETHANE; BIOFILTRATION; FILTER; AIR AB The objective of this work was to analyze the effect of water content on the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in gas phase trickle-bed biofilters. Previous studies revealed that excessive accumulation of biomass in the reactor had a negative effect on contaminant removal efficiency. To solve this problem, periodic backwash was used to remove excess biomass and maintain an effective operation Results showed that the ether removal efficiency dropped immediately after backwashing and gradually improved to reach the optimal value within about 24 hours. The initial drop in performance can be attributed to biological effects, such as loss of active biomass and the necessity for an adaptation period for the microbial culture. However, mass transfer limitations due to the water retained in the reactor may also be important. To investigate the effect of water content on the biofilter performance, an experiment evaluated the effect of draining after backwashing was conducted. Biofilters were allowed to drain for different periods of time before restarting the reactors. A longer lapse time in draining before the restart resulted in better ether removal efficiency. The improvement of biofilter performance after backwashing was explained with a combination of biological and physical effects. A mathematical model was then used to simulate the performance of the biofilter under these conditions and to support the conclusions obtained. The mathematical model considered a three-phase system (biofilm, water, and gas phase), dynamic processes, non-uniform bacterial population, and one limiting substrate. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Ford Res Lab, Dept Chem, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. RP Zhu, XQ (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 17 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.1016/S0273-1223(98)00557-5 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 142TA UT WOS:000077215400039 ER PT J AU Edzwald, JK Kelley, MB AF Edzwald, JK Kelley, MB TI Control of Cryptosporidium: From reservoirs to clarifiers to filters SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st IAWQ/IWSA Joint Specialist Conference on Reservoir Management and Water Supply - an Integrated System CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IAWQ IWSA Joint Specialist Grp Reservoir Protect Management Water Treatment, Int Assoc Water Quality, Int Water Supply Assoc, Amer Water Works Assoc Res Fdn, Min Agri Czech Republ, N Bohemian Water Works Corp, Teplice, N Bohemian Water Co, Teplice, N Moravian Water Co, Ostrava, Hydroprojekt, Prague, Czech Assoc Water Co, Depart Water Technol & Environm Engn, Prague Inst Chem Technol, Water & Environm Technol Team, Ceske Budejovice DE coagulation; Cryptosporidium; dissolved air flotation; drinking water; filtration; reservoirs; sedimentation ID GIARDIA; WATER AB Control of Cryptosporidium in potable waters requires an integrated multiple barrier approach of source water protection of water supply reservoirs and treatment technology through clarification, filtration, and disinfection. Pristine lakes and protected reservoirs have far lower concentrations of oocysts (mean values less than 10 oocysts/100 L) than unprotected supplies. Coagulation is critical to the effective control of Cryptosporidium by clarification and filtration. Coagulation conditions that produce filtered waters of low turbidities, particle counts, and effectively remove natural organic matter also produce high removals of Cryptosporidium. Dissolved air flotation (DAF) can achieve oocyst removals of 3 log compared to about 1 log by sedimentation. DAF and filtration provide two effective barriers to Cryptosporidium with cumulative log removals of 4 to 5 compared to log removals of 3 to 4 by sedimentation and filtration. (C) 1998 IAWQ. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Edzwald, JK (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 17 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1998 VL 37 IS 2 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/S0273-1223(98)00004-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA ZF638 UT WOS:000072917100003 ER PT J AU Palermo, MR AF Palermo, MR TI Design considerations for in-situ capping of contaminated sediments SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IAWQ Specialist Group Conference on Contaminated Sediments CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Int Assoc Water Quality, POSW, Directorate Gen Public Works & Water Man, Netherlands, Municipal Port Management, Port Rotterdam, Netherlands DE armor stone; beneficial uses of dredge material; contaminated sediments; environmental dredging; remediation; subaqueous capping AB In-Situ Capping (ISC) is defined as the placement of a subaqueous covering or cap of clean or suitable isolating material over an in-situ deposit of contaminated sediment. ISC is a potentially economical and effective approach for remediation of contaminated sediment. A number of sites have been remediated by in-situ capping operations worldwide. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has developed detailed guidelines for planning, designing, constructing, and monitoring in-situ capping projects for the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). This paper briefly describes the major aspects of in-situ capping as an option and provides a summary of recent case studies. (C) 1998 IAWQ. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Palermo, MR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 9 TC 23 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1998 VL 37 IS 6-7 BP 315 EP 321 DI 10.1016/S0273-1223(98)00213-3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA ZT591 UT WOS:000074103200041 ER PT S AU Catalano, GD AF Catalano, GD BE Szu, HH TI Estimating the effects of stationary and nonstationary noise on power spectral density function measurements: frequency, phase and amplitude modulation SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Wavelet Applications V CY APR 14-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn DE noise; modulation; Daubechies filter; power spectral density functions; stationary; nonstationary AB The effects of noise modulation on the power spectral density functions of a sinusoidal wave are calculated in closed form Frequency, phase, and amplitude modulation are considered Noise processes are modeled using Butterworth filters of various integer orders. Both stationary and nonstationary noise processes are included with Daubechies wavelet filters used for the nonsteady case. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Catalano, GD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2840-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3391 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.1117/12.304923 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK80P UT WOS:000073454200009 ER PT S AU Hall, DA Shoop, BL Sadowski, RW Sayles, AH Dudevoir, GP Litynski, DM Das, PK AF Hall, DA Shoop, BL Sadowski, RW Sayles, AH Dudevoir, GP Litynski, DM Das, PK BE Szu, HH TI Experimental results from a smart pixel implementation of the wavelet transformation for signal processing SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Wavelet Applications V CY APR 14-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn DE smart pixel; wavelets; wavelet transform; signal processing AB Recently, there has been a great deal of interest in the application of wavelet transforms to signal processing applications. Fundamentally, the wavelet transform of a signal is the correlation of the signal with a basis function derived from a mother wavelet and its scaled versions called daughter wavelets. Thus any real-time correlator can be used for the implementation of the wavelet transform. Since a one-dimensional input signal produces a two-dimensional wavelet transform, optical correlators provide a natural advantage over conventional electronic implementations. Examples of optical correlation architectures include the VanderLugt correlator, the joint transform correlator and its derivative, the quasi-Fourier transform joint transform correlator. Any optical correlator architecture can be used to implement the wavelet transform provided a suitable spatial light modulator is used to convert the electrical input signal into an appropriate optical signal. The concept of the smart pixel is to integrate both electronic circuitry and individual optical devices on a common integrated circuit to take advantage of the complexity and programmability of electronic processing circuits and the switching speed of optical devices. Arrays of these smart pixels would then bring with them the advantage of parallelism that optics provides. Smart pixel arrays can function as spatial light modulators providing additional electronic processing features at each individual pixel and therefore are naturally well-suited to realize the wavelet transform. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Hall, DA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2840-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3391 BP 168 EP 178 DI 10.1117/12.304867 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK80P UT WOS:000073454200017 ER PT S AU Lake, DE AF Lake, DE BE Szu, HH TI Efficient adaptive signal and signal dimension estimation using piecewise libraries SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Wavelet Applications V CY APR 14-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn DE adaptive signal estimation; piecewise projection library; nonstationary signal processing; wavelet packet; matched pursuit AB Previously, methods to estimate the number of jumps in a piecewise constant signal (i.e, step function) were presented in the framework of projection libraries, In this paper, these concepts are extended to general piecewise projection libraries appropriate for modeling, for example, piecewise polynomial and piecewise stationary signals. A general piecewise best basis algorithm is also presented that offers an efficient alternative to standard methods. Particularly an algorithm for best piecewise wavelet basis is shown to reduce the entropy over wavelet packets. While a dynamic programming algorithm can still be employed to efficiently calculate optimal estimates for these new piecewise projection libraries, additional modifications are often needed to reduce the computational requirements for practical implementation. An alternative approach, termed subspace pursuit, is presented that is applicable to all projection libraries and is especially suited for signal dimension estimation. The method is an order-recursive least squares implementation of matched pursuit that requires roughly twice the computation but has the advantage that at each iteration the coefficients are optimal, that is, are obtained by a projection onto the subspace spanned by signals in the dictionary. Additionally, for the signal dimension estimation problem, an interesting paradox is presented where estimates are shown to be worse with increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) past a certain threshold and to converge to a level less than this optimum performance for infinite SNR. C1 Army Res Lab, SA, SE, AMSRL, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lake, DE (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2840-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3391 BP 388 EP 395 DI 10.1117/12.304889 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK80P UT WOS:000073454200038 ER PT B AU Marinelli, AMP AF Marinelli, AMP BE Callaos, N Holmes, L Osers, R TI The Dynamic Range Tester: A real-world signal simulator for systems testing SO WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL 4, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Multi-Conference on Systemics Cybernetics, and Informatics (SCI 98)/4th International Conference on Information Systems, Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 98) CY JUL 12-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, World Org System & Cybernet, Int Federat Syst Res, Int Soc Syst Sci, Int Syst Inst, CUST, Int Inst Adv Studies Syst Res & Cybernet, Soc Appl Syst Res AB The Dynamic Range Tester (DRT) is a multipurpose test instrument that produces simulated, real-world conditions in the laboratory for systems testing with repeatability and reliability. The DRT is a dual-channel, variable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) generator, providing the means for simulating two antennas [1]. The DRT generates "real-world signals" by combining user-supplied signals with additive, white Gaussian noise (AWGN) in two isolated channels. The DRT can be configured to process the same signal in each of its channels or to process a different signal in each. The power level of both the input signal and added noise component in each of the two outputs of the DRT is independently variable to produce a range of SNRs, where the noise in each output is uncorrelated from the other. The frequency range of the AWGN may be limited by selecting from a bank of internal filters or by connecting an external filter into each channel through front-panel ports. Both positive and negative SNRs may be generated in order to test systems that process low-level signals and even those that extract signals from below the noise floor. The DRT is especially intended for testing dual-input systems, such as correlators, and is useful in a wide range of applications. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Marinelli, AMP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-07-5081-9 PY 1998 BP 83 EP 88 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BU33G UT WOS:000175705900014 ER PT B AU Coppola, MMN Hudak, RP Bales, JD AF Coppola, MMN Hudak, RP Bales, JD BE Callaos, N Holmes, L Osers, R TI Variables affecting army physical disability processing SO WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL 4, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Multi-Conference on Systemics Cybernetics, and Informatics (SCI 98)/4th International Conference on Information Systems, Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 98) CY JUL 12-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, World Org System & Cybernet, Int Federat Syst Res, Int Soc Syst Sci, Int Syst Inst, CUST, Int Inst Adv Studies Syst Res & Cybernet, Soc Appl Syst Res DE disability; fitness; evaluation; length of stay ID SOMATIZATION AB This research identifies variables affecting the length of time to process a soldier through the United States Army Physical Disability Evaluation System (PDES). The subjects are 8,301 soldiers whose disability records were processed in Fiscal Year 1996. The dependent variable examined was the average number of days a soldier remains in the disability processing system. Independent variables included: Age, Component, Compensation Award. Congressional Involvement, Gender, Grade, Retirement Eligibility, Race, Length of Service, Formal Physical Evaluation Board (PEB), and Regional PEB. Statistical analysis utilizing linear regression and SPSS yielded an average length of stay (ALOS) of 155 days and a range of one to 2,052 days. The research shows the most significant variables affecting ALOS are: Congressional Involvement, Component, Compensation, Formal PEB and Regional PEB. The authors recommend a program of disability case management and increasing emphasis on transition assistance programs to reduce ALOS in the PDES. C1 USA, Total Personnel Command, Med Serv Corps, Alexandria, VA 22332 USA. RP Coppola, MMN (reprint author), USA, Total Personnel Command, Med Serv Corps, Alexandria, VA 22332 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-07-5081-9 PY 1998 BP 197 EP 202 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BU33G UT WOS:000175705900031 ER PT J AU Adomian, G Rach, RC Meyers, RE AF Adomian, G Rach, RC Meyers, RE TI Numerical integration, analytic continuation, and decomposition SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article AB One-step formulas are developed using the decomposition method to explore relationships with numerical integration, analytic continuation, and numerical continuation. Analytic continuation in one or multiple dimensions is considered for decomposition solutions and the effects of chaos. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USA,RES LABS,BATTLEFIELD ENVIRONM GRP,WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE,NM 88002. RP Adomian, G (reprint author), GEN ANALYT CORP,155 CLYDE RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 4 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD DEC 30 PY 1997 VL 88 IS 2-3 BP 95 EP 116 DI 10.1016/S0096-3003(96)00052-5 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA YF579 UT WOS:A1997YF57900001 ER PT J AU Tavker, S Kumar, P Carlon, HR Milham, ME AF Tavker, S Kumar, P Carlon, HR Milham, ME TI Isosbestic point: An application for aerosol spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; WATER; CLOUDS AB When only two substances, in chemical equilibrium with each other, are responsible for all absorption in a wavelength region, there must exist at least one wavelength in the spectrum of this region where the absorption coefficient will be independent of the ratio of the concentrations of the two substances. This wavelength is called as the isosbestic point, or point of equal absorbance. Such points can also exist in the extinction spectra where at a particular wavelength the extinction coefficient becomes independent of solution concentration. Mie theory has been applied to compute such extinction coefficients. This paper shows the occurrence of isosbestic points in the extinction spectra of liquid droplet aerosols of sizes ranging from 0.1 mu M to 10 mu m and comprising several concentrations each of hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric, and orthophosphoric acids in water. Such isosbestic points can serve as reference wavelengths for aerosol spectrometry and also for estimation of liquid content in haze, fog, and nonraining clouds. C1 Univ Pune, Dept Phys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. USA, Ctr Dev & Engn, Chem & Biol Def Command, Edgewood Res, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Tavker, S (reprint author), Univ Pune, Dept Phys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. EM sut@physics.unipune.ernet.in; ppk@physics.unipune.ernet.in; hrcarlon@cbda9.apgea.army.mil; memilham@cbdcom.apgea.army.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D25 BP 30017 EP 30022 DI 10.1029/97JD02078 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YP443 UT WOS:000071277300021 ER PT J AU Davis, RE Hardy, JP Ni, W Woodcock, C McKenzie, JC Jordan, R Li, X AF Davis, RE Hardy, JP Ni, W Woodcock, C McKenzie, JC Jordan, R Li, X TI Variation of snow cover ablation in the boreal forest: A sensitivity study on the effects of conifer canopy SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-BALANCE; VEGETATION; PLANE; AREA AB The duration and meteorological history of winter and thaw periods in the boreal forest affect carbon exchange during the growing season. Characteristics of conifer canopies exert important control on the energy exchange at the forest floor, which in turn controls snow cover processes such as melting. This analysis investigated the role of the conifer tree characteristics, including height and canopy density. Canopy and snow models estimated radiation incoming to the snow surface, the net energy budget of the snow, and melting rates of snow cover under conifer forests with different canopy density and tree height. This analysis assumed that canopy effects dominated snow surface energy exchange under conifers in the boreal forest, We used data layers of forest characteristics from the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) modeling subareas in Saskatchewan and Manitoba to guide the choice of modeled tree height and canopy density. Modeled stand characteristics assumed random location of trees and used a uniform tree height within a stand and regular crown geometry scaled to tree height, Measurements during winter and thaw in 1994 of incoming solar and longwave radiation, humidity, and wind speed above the forest canopy provided input to the models, along with air temperature measured in the canopy, Results showed the importance of canopy density and tree height as the first-order controls on cumulative incoming solar radiation at the forest floor for the range of these variables in the BOREAS test area. The combined canopy and snow models showed a large range of snow ablation within conifers, which showed the trade-offs between canopy density and tree height. Solar fluxes dominated the net transfer of energy to the snow in the north, while sensible heat exchange, net solar, and net longwave radiation played important roles in the south. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 25 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 26 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D24 BP 29389 EP 29395 DI 10.1029/97JD01335 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YQ418 UT WOS:000071384900056 ER PT J AU Hardy, JP Davis, RE Jordan, R Li, X Woodcock, C Ni, W McKenzie, JC AF Hardy, JP Davis, RE Jordan, R Li, X Woodcock, C Ni, W McKenzie, JC TI Snow ablation modeling at the stand scale in a boreal jack pine forest SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE; VEGETATION; HEAT; BALANCE; CANOPY; ALBEDO; COVER AB The purpose of this study is to predict spatial distributions of snow properties important to the hydrology and the remote sensing signatures of the boreal ecosystem. This study is part of the Boreal Ecosystems Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) of central Saskatchewan and northern Manitoba. Forested environments provide unique problems for snow cover process modeling due to the complex interactions among snow, energy transfer, and trees. These problems are approached by coupling a modified snow process model with a model of radiative interactions with forest canopies. Additionally, a tree well model describes the influence of individual trees on snow distribution on the ground. The snow process and energy budget model calculates energy exchange at the snow surface, in-pack snow processes, melting and liquid water flow, heat conduction, and vapor diffusion. The surface radiation model provides input on the radiation receipt at the snow surface for model runs in the jack pine forest. Field data consisted of measured meteorological parameters above and within the canopy, spatial variability of snow properties, and variations of incoming solar irradiance beneath the forest canopy. Results show that the area beneath tree canopies accumulated 60% of the snow accumulated in forest openings. Peak solar irradiance on the snow cover was less than one half that measured above the canopy. Model runs are compared between the open and the forested sites and show the open area ablating four days before areas beneath the canopy and eight days before forest openings and compare favorably with measured data. Physically based modeling of snow ablation was successful at the forested site and nearby open area. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 32 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 26 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D24 BP 29397 EP 29405 DI 10.1029/96JD03096 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YQ418 UT WOS:000071384900057 ER PT J AU Ni, WG Li, XW Woodcock, CE Roujean, JL Davis, RE AF Ni, WG Li, XW Woodcock, CE Roujean, JL Davis, RE TI Transmission of solar radiation in boreal conifer forests: Measurements and models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SITCHENSIS BONG CARR; DIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; AREA INDEX; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TRANSPIRATION; INTERCEPTION; PENETRATION; STANDS AB A combined geometric-optical and radiative transfer (GORT) model allows incorporation of multiple scales of clustering in conifer canopies on the estimation of radiation transmission. Consideration of clustering of branches into whorls is the latest addition to this model. Modification of the GORT model to include whorl orientation improves the ability to model the observed patterns of solar radiation transmission as a function of solar zenith angle and height in the canopy. Whorl orientation distributions are derived from multidirectional measurements using a geometric optical mutual shadowing model. For BOREAS test stands, model estimates and vertical measurements of photosynthetically active radiation transmittance within the canopy show (1) general decreases in transmission as solar zenith angles increase in the range of solar zenith angles dominated by beam irradiance, (2) increases in PAR transmission at very high solar zenith angles where diffuse skylight is dominant, (3) maximum scattering and absorption occur in the middle of the canopy. Model estimates match measurements from the forest floor, indicating the value of the model for providing radiation inputs to snowmelt models in forested landscapes. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Corps Engineers, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. CNRS, Meteo France, CNRM, GAME, F-31057 Toulouse, France. RP Boston Univ, Dept Geog, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 32 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 26 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D24 BP 29555 EP 29566 DI 10.1029/97JD00198 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YQ418 UT WOS:000071384900070 ER PT J AU Pushko, P Parker, M Ludwig, GV Davis, NL Johnston, RE Smith, JF AF Pushko, P Parker, M Ludwig, GV Davis, NL Johnston, RE Smith, JF TI Replicon-helper systems from attenuated venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: Expression of heterologous genes in vitro and immunization against heterologous pathogens in vivo SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEMLIKI-FOREST-VIRUS; TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE MUTANTS; SINDBIS VIRUS; CDNA CLONE; RNA; VECTORS; GENERATION; MUTATIONS; CLEAVAGE; VACCINE AB A replicon vaccine vector system was developed from an attenuated strain of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE). The replicon RNA consists of the cis-acting 5' and 3' ends of the VEE genome, the complete nonstructural protein gene region, and the subgenomic 26S promoter. The genes encoding the VEE structural proteins were replaced with the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) or the Lassa virus nucleocapsid (N) gene, and upon transfection into eukaryotic cells by electroporation, these replicon RNAs directed the efficient, high-level synthesis of the HA or N proteins. For packaging of replicon RNAs into VEE replicon particles (VRP), the VEE capsid and glycoproteins were supplied in trans by expression from helper RNA(s) coelectroporated with the replicon. A number of different helper constructs, expressing the VEE structural proteins from a single or two separate helper RNAs, were derived from attenuated VEE strains. Regeneration of infectious Virus was not detected when replicons were packaged using a bipartite helper system encoding the VEE capsid protein and glycoproteins on two separate RNAs. Subcutaneous immunization of BALB/c mice with VRP expressing the influenza HA or Lassa virus N gene (HA-VRP or N-VRP, respectively) induced antibody responses to the expressed protein. After two inoculations of HA-VRP, complete protection against intranasal challenge with influenza was observed. Furthermore, sequential immunization of mice with two inoculations of N-VRP prior to two inoculations of HA-VRP induced an immune response to both HA and N equivalent to immunization with either VRP construct alone. Protection against influenza challenge was unaffected by previous N-VRP immunization. Therefore, the VEE replicon system was characterized by high-level expression of heterologous genes in cultured cells, little or no regeneration of plaque-forming virus particles, the capability for sequential immunization to multiple pathogens in the same host, and induction of protective immunity against a mucosal pathogen. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 53 TC 302 Z9 310 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD DEC 22 PY 1997 VL 239 IS 2 BP 389 EP 401 DI 10.1006/viro.1997.8878 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA YR268 UT WOS:000071477800014 PM 9434729 ER PT J AU Tyson, TA Federici, JF Chew, D Bishop, AR Furenlid, L Savin, W Wilber, W AF Tyson, TA Federici, JF Chew, D Bishop, AR Furenlid, L Savin, W Wilber, W TI Local structural and electronic changes accompanying photodoping in YBa2Cu3O6-x SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article DE XAFS; structure of photodoping; Cu-O chains; Cu-O planes ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; OXYGEN-DEFICIENT YBA2CU3OX; CENTERED LATTICE INSTABILITIES; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; AXIAL OXYGEN; PHOTOINDUCED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PERSISTENT PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; YBACUO FILMS; CUO2 PLANE; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE AB Polarized X-ray absorption measurements reveal that photodoping of oxygen deficient YBa2Cu3O6+x (YBCO) produces a local axial distortion of the CuOx chains. The broad normal state axial Cu(1)-O(4) bond distribution becomes two well-defined peaks in the photodoped state and suggest local ordering. XANES measurements reveal a transfer of hole density into the CuO2 planes. These results support a common structure-related transport enhancement mechanism in chemically doped and photodoped high temperature superconductor systems. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Long Island, NY 11973 USA. Army Res Lab, Phys Sci Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Tyson, TA (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. NR 71 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC 20 PY 1997 VL 292 IS 3-4 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(97)01757-7 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YQ607 UT WOS:000071404800001 ER PT J AU Gupta, N Fell, NF AF Gupta, N Fell, NF TI A compact collinear AOTF Raman spectrometer SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE acoustooptic tunable-filter; Raman spectra; organic energetic materials ID TUNABLE FILTERS; SPECTROSCOPY AB A compact, lightweight, completely packaged, uncooled, fully-automated collinear acousto-optic tunable-filter (AOTF) based spectrometer has been used to measure Raman spectra of three organic energetic materials (NQ, HMX, and TNT) using argon-ion laser excitation. Even though the resolution of the AOTF spectrometer is modest (7.4 cm(-1)) and it was not specifically designed for measuring Raman spectra, it has performed impressively. Such an instrument is specially useful for remote sensing and field measurements. In this paper, we will describe this instrument, present the measured Raman spectra and their comparison with the corresponding FT-IR spectra. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Gupta, N (reprint author), ARMY RES LAB,SENSORS & ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE,2800 POWDER MILL RD,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. RI Gupta, Neelam/B-8702-2013 NR 20 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD DEC 19 PY 1997 VL 45 IS 2 BP 279 EP 284 DI 10.1016/S0039-9140(97)00145-8 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA YG863 UT WOS:A1997YG86300007 PM 18967003 ER PT J AU Rastogi, VK DeFrank, JJ Cheng, TC Wild, JR AF Rastogi, VK DeFrank, JJ Cheng, TC Wild, JR TI Enzymatic hydrolysis of Russian-VX by organophosphorus hydrolase SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Russian-VX; enzymatic cleavage of P-S bond; OPH; effect of organic solvents ID AGENTS AB The Russian-VX (R-VX) is the priniple V-type nerve agent in the chemical warfare (CW) arsenal of the Former Soviet Union. We here report the enzymatic hydrolysis of the P-S bond of Russian-VX by organophos phorus hydrolase (OPH) from Pseudomonas diminuta. While the Michaelis constant, K-m for R-VX (474 mu M), was similar to that for VX (434 mu M), the V-max for R-VX (2.1 mu moles/mg/min) was about four-fold higher compared to that for VX (0.56 mu moles/mg/min). A 50% inhibition in the rate of the enzymatic hydrolysis of R-VX was observed in the presence of 0.5% ethanol, isoamylalcohol, or isopropanol The presence of acetonitrile, diethylene glycol, or methanol had marginal effects. These results comprise the first demonstration of enzymatic detoxification of R-VX. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 GEO Ctr Inc, ERDEC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, ERDEC, Environm Tech Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Rastogi, VK (reprint author), GEO Ctr Inc, ERDEC, Bldg E-3220,Edgewood Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 9 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 6 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD DEC 18 PY 1997 VL 241 IS 2 BP 294 EP 296 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7569 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA YQ049 UT WOS:000071342300014 PM 9425265 ER PT J AU Meyer, GS Gibbons, RV AF Meyer, GS Gibbons, RV TI House calls to the elderly - A vanishing practice among physicians SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HOME CARE; FAMILY PHYSICIANS; GENERAL-PRACTITIONERS; HEALTH; VISITS; INTERNISTS; ATTITUDES; TRIAL AB Background Despite the growth in other home health care services, the number of house calls by physicians has declined dramatically during this century. We determined the frequency of house calls made by physicians to elderly U.S. patients in 1993 and analyzed the characteristics of the physicians and patients involved. Methods We analyzed a 5 percent random sample of the 1993 Medicare Part B claims data for beneficiaries over the age of 65 who were not enrolled in health maintenance organizations (HMOs). With supplemental information from the Area Resource Pile and the American Medical Association's Physician I Masterfile, we determined how many house; calls were made, their cost, and a number of specific characteristics of the physicians and the patients. Results In our 1993 sample, 36,350 house calls were made to 11,917 of the 1,357,262 patients. When extrapolated to all Medicare beneficiaries over age 65 and not enrolled in HMOs, these figures correspond to 727,000 house calls to 238,340 patients nationwide. We estimated the cost of these house calls to be $63 million. The patients who received house calls from physicians were older than those who did not, were more likely to die within the calendar year, had higher rates of hospitalization, and were more likely to receive care from other home health providers, hospice programs, and skilled-nursing facilities. Patients residing in rural areas and those in areas with high physician-to-population ratios had an increased likelihood of receiving a house call. The physicians who made house calls were more likely than others to be generalists, osteopaths, older, male, board-certified, practicing in the Northeast, and in solo practice. Conclusions A very small percentage (0.88 percent) of elderly Medicare patients, mainly those who are very sick and near the end of life, receive house calls from physicians. (C) 1997, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PREVENT MED,BETHESDA,MD 20814. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT BIOMETR,BETHESDA,MD 20814. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MED,BETHESDA,MD 20814. NR 46 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 7 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 18 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 25 BP 1815 EP 1820 DI 10.1056/NEJM199712183372507 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YL855 UT WOS:A1997YL85500007 PM 9400040 ER PT J AU Jerant, AF Epperly, TD AF Jerant, AF Epperly, TD TI Early discharge of newborns SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP Jerant, AF (reprint author), EISENHOWER ARMY MED CTR,FT GORDON,GA 30905, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 17 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 23 BP 2066 EP 2066 DI 10.1001/jama.278.23.2066 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YK987 UT WOS:A1997YK98700030 PM 9403419 ER PT J AU Urban, JJ Cronin, CW Roberts, RR Famini, GR AF Urban, JJ Cronin, CW Roberts, RR Famini, GR TI Conformational preferences of 2-phenethylamines. A computational study of substituent and solvent effects on the intramolecular amine-aryl interactions in charged and neutral 2-phenethylamines SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JET-COOLED ALKYLBENZENES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; FREE-ENERGIES; VIBRATIONAL-RELAXATION; ACETYLCHOLINE-BINDING; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; SUPERSONIC JET; ATOMIC CHARGES; SPECTROSCOPY; SOLVATION AB A computational investigation of the conformational preferences of 2-phenethylamine has been carried out with a variety-of techniques. To determine the intrinsic (in the absence of a solvent medium) conformational preferences of the 2-phenethylamine system, ab initio calculations at various levels of theory up to the MP2/6-311+G(d,p)//IMP2/6-31G(d,p) level were carried out. This is the most sophisticated level of theory that has been applied to this biologically important system to date. In the absence of a solvent medium, phenethylamines prefer a folded gauche conformation for both the charged and neutral amines, indicating a favorable interaction between the amino group and the aromatic ring. To probe the nature of this intramolecular interaction further the effects of ring substituents on the conformational preferences were studied. The results have been compared to those obtained with semiempirical and molecular mechanics force field methods. The molecular mechanics force fields employing default parameters typically performed poorly for this system, but the results were improved significantly if the electrostatic charges were replaced. The effects of aqueous solvation have also been investigated with the GB/SA and the SM2 continuum solvation models. The best agreement with experiment is obtained when the MP2/6-311+G-(d,p)//MP2/6-31G(d,p) results are combined with the SM2-calculated solvent effect. Results of nearly the same quality can be obtained if the solvent effect is calculated with the GB/SA solvation model using AM1-CM1A charges. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Int Programs Off, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Urban, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 38 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 17 PY 1997 VL 119 IS 50 BP 12292 EP 12299 DI 10.1021/ja971866g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA YN229 UT WOS:000071146000034 ER PT J AU Levine, BL Bernstein, WB Connors, M Craighead, N Lindsten, T Thompson, CB June, CH AF Levine, BL Bernstein, WB Connors, M Craighead, N Lindsten, T Thompson, CB June, CH TI Effects of CD28 costimulation on long-term proliferation of CD4(+) T cells in the absence of exogenous feeder cells SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTES-T; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IN-VIVO; AUTOCRINE GROWTH; CLONAL EXPANSION; HIV-1 INFECTION; ACTIVATION; CTLA-4; INTERLEUKIN-2; EXPRESSION AB In this report, conditions for prolonged in vitro proliferation of polyclonal adult CD4(+) T cells via stimulation with immobilized anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 have been established. CD4(+) cells maintained exponential growth for more than 60 days during which a total 10(9)- to 10(11)-fold expansion occurred. Cell cultures exhibited cyclical changes in cell volume, indicating that, in terms of proliferative rate, cells do not have to rest before restimulation. Indeed, electronic cell size analysis was the most reliable method to determine when to restimulate with additional immobilized mAb. The initial similar to 10(5)-fold expansion was autocrine, occurring in the absence of exogenous cytokines or feeder cells. Addition of recombinant human IL-2 after the initial autocrine expansion resulted in continued exponential proliferation. Phorbol ester plus ionomycin also induced long-term growth when combined with anti-CD28 stimulation. Analysis of the T cell repertoire after prolonged expansion revealed a diverse repertoire as assessed by anti-TCR V beta Abs or a PCR-based assay. Cytokines produced were consistent with maintenance of both Th1 and Th2 phenotypes; however, the mode of CD3 and CD28 stimulation could influence the cytokine secretion pattern. When anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 were immobilized on the same surface, ELISAs on culture supernatants revealed a pattern consistent with Th1 secretion. Northern analysis revealed that cytokine gene expression remained inducible. Spontaneous growth or cell transformation was not observed in more than 100 experiments. Together, these observations may have implications for gene therapy and adoptive immunotherapy. Furthermore, these culture conditions establish a model to study the finite lifespan of mature T lymphocytes. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Immune Cell Biol Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Univ Chicago, Gwen Knapp Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, US Mil HIV Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Levine, BL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst, Immune Cell Biol Program, Mail Stop 061,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RI Levine, Bruce/D-1688-2009 NR 59 TC 231 Z9 235 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 159 IS 12 BP 5921 EP 5930 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA YW264 UT WOS:000071914900022 PM 9550389 ER PT J AU Leitner, WW Seguin, MC Ballou, WR Seitz, JP Schultz, AM Sheehy, MJ Lyon, JA AF Leitner, WW Seguin, MC Ballou, WR Seitz, JP Schultz, AM Sheehy, MJ Lyon, JA TI Immune responses induced by intramuscular or gene gun injection of protective deoxyribonucleic acid vaccines that express the circumsporozoite protein from Plasmodium berghei malaria parasites SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; RODENT MALARIA; DNA VACCINES; IMMUNIZATION; CELLS; FALCIPARUM; INFLUENZA; SURFACE; MICE; ANTIBODIES AB The circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is a target for effector Ab and cell mediated immunity against malaria parasites; DNA vaccination can induce both types of effector response. The immunogenicity and efficacy of two DNA plasmids expressing different amounts of Plasmodium berghei CSP were evaluated by immunizing BALB/c mice i.m. or epidermally and by varying the number of immunizations (one to three doses) and the interval between immunizations. Expanding the interval gave the strongest effect, increasing efficacy and antibody boosting, and, in the case of epidermal vaccination, promoting a switch in CSP-specific IgG isotypes from IgG1 to a balance with IgG2a. The strongest humoral immune response and the greatest level of protection were induced by vaccinating epidermally with high expresser plasmid, using a gene gun to administer three doses at 6-wk intervals. For this group, the mean, repeat-specific, prechallenge antibody titer among mice not infected after challenge was significantly higher than that in infected mice, but the mean prechallenge titers for antibody reactive with whole sporozoites were not significantly different. The interval-dependent induction of IgG2a antibodies-by epidermal vaccination contradicts the widely held belief that antibody responses induced by this method are restricted to those that are Th2 dependent. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Auragen Inc, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Lyon, JA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Leitner, Wolfgang/F-5741-2011 OI Leitner, Wolfgang/0000-0003-3125-5922 NR 36 TC 101 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 159 IS 12 BP 6112 EP 6119 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA YW264 UT WOS:000071914900045 PM 9550412 ER PT J AU Schloegel, K Karypis, G Kumar, V AF Schloegel, K Karypis, G Kumar, V TI Multilevel diffusion schemes for repartitioning of adaptive meshes SO JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Article AB For a large class of irregular mesh applications, the structure of the mesh changes from one phase of the computation to the next, Eventually, as the mesh evolves, the adapted mesh has to be repartitioned to ensure good load balance, If this new graph is partitioned from scratch, it may lead to an excessive migration of data among processors, In this paper, we present schemes for computing repartitionings of adaptively refined meshes that perform diffusion of vertices in a multilevel framework, These schemes try to minimize vertex movement without significantly compromising the edge-cut, We present heuristics to control the tradeoff between edge-cut and vertex migration costs, We also show that multilevel diffusion produces results with improved edge-cuts over single-level diffusion, and is better able to make use of heuristics to control the tradeoff between edge-cut and vertex migration costs than single-level diffusion. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 USA, HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Schloegel, K (reprint author), USA, HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. EM kirk@cs.umn.edu; karypis@cs.umn.edu; kumar@cs.umn.edu NR 21 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0743-7315 J9 J PARALLEL DISTR COM JI J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 47 IS 2 BP 109 EP 124 DI 10.1006/jpdc.1997.1410 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA ZD820 UT WOS:000072727700003 ER PT J AU Sirenko, YM Kim, KW Stroscio, MA AF Sirenko, YM Kim, KW Stroscio, MA TI Near-surface electrons and acoustic phonons: Energy and momentum relaxation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Review ID FREESTANDING QUANTUM-WELL; FREQUENCY RAMAN-SCATTERING; STRONG MAGNETIC-FIELD; RESONANT TRANSMISSION; DIELECTRIC FORMALISM; WAVE ATTENUATION; SEMICONDUCTOR SUPERLATTICES; POLAR SEMICONDUCTORS; SMALL PARTICLE; METAL-FILMS AB We study energy and momentum relaxation of a two-dimensional (2D) electron channel located at a finite distance l from a free crystal surface. The interaction with a complete set of bulklike, totally reflected, and Rayleigh acoustic phonon modes is taken into account, In most cases of interest the relaxation rates have the same temperature dependence as for 2D or bulk electrons interacting with bulk phonons. Numerical calculations demonstrate that the presence of a surface results in approximately a 10% modification of scattering rates in the high-temperature region, In the opposite limit (Bloch-Gruneisen regime), the contribution of the surface phonons may dominate over that of bulklike modes. Oscillations of the relaxation rates as a function of the distance l between the electron channel and the surface are also predicted. [S0163-1829(97)01148-X]. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Sirenko, YM (reprint author), Synopsys Inc, 700 E Middlefield Rd, Mt View, CA 94043 USA. NR 101 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 24 BP 15770 EP 15781 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.15770 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YP184 UT WOS:000071251000040 ER PT J AU Reddy, G Reddy, TV Choudhury, H Daniel, FB Leach, GJ AF Reddy, G Reddy, TV Choudhury, H Daniel, FB Leach, GJ TI Assessment of environmental hazards of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FISCHER-344 RATS; TOXICITY; TRINITROTOLUENE; ENCEPHALOPATHY AB The remedial investigation/feasibility studies conducted at certain Army installations showed a need to clean up contaminated sites, where high levels of ammunition chemicals such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB), 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB), and their degradation products/metabolites were detected in surface soil and groundwater. TNB is a photodegradation product of TNT; it is not easily degraded, and persists in the environment. The toxicity data on TNB are scanty. Hence the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1988 (U.S. EPA, 1997) developed a reference dose (RfD) for TNB (0.00005 mg/kg/d for chronic toxicity) based on the toxicity of DNB, which is structurally similar to TNB. Since then we have completed acute, subacute, subchronic, chronic, reproductive, and developmental toxicity studies and toxicokinetics studies. We have reviewed the mammalian toxicity data for TNB and have determined the no observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL) and low observed adverse effect levels (LOAEL) for subchronic, chronic, reproductive, and developmental toxicity. Based on the newly determined NOAEL and LOAEL values, we have now developed a new RfD for TNB (0.03 mg/kg/d), based on the chronic toxic effects on hematology and histopathological changes in testes and kidney. C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP Reddy, G (reprint author), USA,CTR HLTH PROMOT & PREVENT MED,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010, USA. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD DEC 12 PY 1997 VL 52 IS 5 BP 447 EP 460 DI 10.1080/009841097159566 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA YG950 UT WOS:A1997YG95000004 PM 9388535 ER PT J AU Olejniczak, J Wright, MJ Candler, GV AF Olejniczak, J Wright, MJ Candler, GV TI Numerical study of inviscid shock interactions on double-wedge geometries SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID RELAXATION AB Computational fluid dynamics has been used to study inviscid shock interactions on double-wedge geometries with the purpose of understanding the fundamental gas dynamics of these interactions. The parameter space of the interactions has been explored and the different types of interactions that occur have been identified. Although the interactions are produced by a different geometry, all but one of them may be identified as an Edney Type I, IV, V, or VI interaction. The previously unidentified interaction occurs because of the geometrical constraints imposed by the double wedge. The physical mechanisms for transition have been studied, and the transition criteria have been identified. An important result is that there are two different regimes of the parameter space in which the state of the flow downstream of the interaction point is fundamentally different. At high Mach numbers this flow is characterized by an underexpanded jet which impinges on the wedge and produces large-amplitude surface pressure variations. At low Mach numbers, the jet becomes a shear layer which no longer impinges on the wedge surface. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Olejniczak, J (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, 110 Union St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 8 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD DEC 10 PY 1997 VL 352 BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.1017/S0022112097007131 PG 25 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA YM551 UT WOS:000071076100001 ER PT J AU Hevey, M Negley, D Geisbert, J Jahrling, P Schmaljohn, A AF Hevey, M Negley, D Geisbert, J Jahrling, P Schmaljohn, A TI Antigenicity and vaccine potential of marburg virus glycoprotein expressed by baculovirus recombinants SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EBOLA VIRUS; NUCLEOPROTEIN GENE; MESSENGER-RNA; INSECT CELLS; GLYCOSYLATION; PROTEIN; FILOVIRUSES; SEQUENCE; ORDER; FEVER AB There is no effective vaccine for Marburg virus (MBGV) or any other filovirus, nor enough pertinent information to expedite rational vaccine development. To ascertain some of the minimal requirements for a MBGV vaccine, we determined whether whole inactivated MBGV, or a baculovirus-expressed virion subunit, could he used to immunize guinea pigs against a lethal infection. Baculovirus recombinants were made to express the MBGV glycoprotein (GP) either as a full-length, cell-associated molecule or a slightly truncated (5.4%) product secreted into medium; the latter, for its far greater ease in manipulation, was tested for its vaccine potential, Like MBGV GP, both the full-length and truncated GP expressed by baculovirus recombinants were abundantly glycosylated with both N- and O-linked glycans; differences in glycosylation were detectable but these could not be shown to affect antigenicity with respect to available antibodies. The recombinant truncated glycoprotein elicited protection against lethal challenge with the MBGV isolate from which it was constructed and less effectively against an antigenically disparate MBGV isolate. Killed (irradiated) MBGV antigen was protective, in a reciprocal fashion, against both MBGV types. In a preliminary assessment of possible protective mechanisms, serum antibodies from immune animals were shown to be sufficient far protecting naive guinea pigs from lethal MBGV infection. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Schmaljohn, A (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 29 TC 83 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD DEC 8 PY 1997 VL 239 IS 1 BP 206 EP 216 DI 10.1006/viro.1997.8883 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA YN159 UT WOS:000071139000020 PM 9426460 ER PT J AU Ahmad, F Razzaghi, M AF Ahmad, F Razzaghi, M TI Simultaneous reconstruction of approximate profiles of an inhomogeneous lossy medium through a collocation method SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISSIPATIVE WAVE-EQUATION; AXIALLY-SYMMETRICAL FIELDS; GREEN-FUNCTIONS TECHNIQUE; INVERSE SCATTERING; TIME DOMAIN; TRANSFORMATION; OPERATORS AB In this paper a one-dimensional inverse-scattering problem is considered. Two approximate inversion formulae are derived. Using these formulae, approximate permittivity and conductivity profiles of an inhomogeneous lossy medium are simultaneously generated from the partial knowledge of the reflection coefficient in the frequency domain. These formulae are deduced through the application of linear transformations to two nonlinear differential equations for the reflection coefficient in the frequency domain. Discrete versions of the inversion formulae are also developed. The transformed equations for the reflection coefficient in the frequency domain are applicable irrespective of whether the derivative of the unknown permittivity profile exists. An example to demonstrate these approximate inversion formulae is given. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Ahmad, F (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD DEC 7 PY 1997 VL 30 IS 23 BP 3274 EP 3278 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/30/23/011 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YN292 UT WOS:000071152300011 ER PT J AU Tracy, LA AF Tracy, LA TI Learning experience SO HOSPITALS & HEALTH NETWORKS LA English DT Letter RP Tracy, LA (reprint author), USA,FT BLISS,TX 79906, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HOSPITAL PUBL INC PI CHICAGO PA 737 N MICHIGAN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2615 SN 1068-8838 J9 HOSP HEALTH NETWORK JI Hosp. Health Netw. PD DEC 5 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 23 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA YJ341 UT WOS:A1997YJ34100002 ER PT J AU Joshi, RP Fazi, C AF Joshi, RP Fazi, C TI Simulations of deep level related lock-on conductivity in SiC diodes subject to ultrafast, high voltage reverse biasing pulses SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE silicon carbide; power semiconductor devices ID DEVICES AB Numerical simulations of the transient response of reverse hissed silicon carbide (SiC) diodes to fast voltage pulses have been performed. The results obtained reveal that 'deep-defects' can lead to high device currents and persistent conductivity, in keeping with experimental observations. The presence of such levels would be potentially detrimental to device stability. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Joshi, RP (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 1997 VL 33 IS 25 BP 2162 EP 2163 DI 10.1049/el:19971462 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA YX456 UT WOS:000072041800055 ER PT J AU Bunte, SW Rice, BM Chabalowski, CF AF Bunte, SW Rice, BM Chabalowski, CF TI An ab initio QCISD study of the potential energy surface for the reaction HNO+NO->N2O+OH SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID QUADRATIC CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; PLESSET PERTURBATION-THEORY; CORRELATED WAVE-FUNCTIONS; COUPLED-CLUSTER APPROACH; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; THERMAL REDUCTION; 2ND-ROW COMPOUNDS; HNO+NO REACTION; CHEMISTRY AB Results arts presented from ab initio quantum chemical calculations on the ground-state potential energy surface for the open shell doublet reaction: HNO + NO --> N2O + OH (reaction I). This reaction is thought to be important in the sustained combustion of nitrogen-containing fuels. Geometry optimizations have been carried out at the QCISD/6-31G(d,p) level using unrestricted Hartree-Fock zeroth-order wave functions in search of local minima and transition states, followed by energy refinements for ail critical points at the QCISD(T)/6-311+G(2df,2p) level. All saddle points were subjected to intrinsic reaction coordinate calculations to determine the minima to which they connect. We report two completed reaction pathways for reaction I. Some of these results will be compared with earlier work by others on the same reaction where geometry optimizations were carried out primarily at the UMP2/6-311G(d,p) level. The comparison brings to light some interesting differences between QCISD and UMP2 theories in the prediction of molecular structures and the connectivity of critical points (and therefore, connected reaction paths) for the doublet system in reaction I. C1 USA, BALLIST RES LAB, AMSRL, WM, PC, ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 21005 USA. NR 45 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 4 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 49 BP 9430 EP 9438 DI 10.1021/jp971716s PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA YL174 UT WOS:A1997YL17400035 ER PT J AU Saxena, A Redman, AMG Jiang, XL Lockridge, O Doctor, BP AF Saxena, A Redman, AMG Jiang, XL Lockridge, O Doctor, BP TI Differences in active site gorge dimensions of cholinesterases revealed by binding of inhibitors to human butyrylcholinesterase SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUPERZINE-A; HUMAN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; CATALYTIC CENTER; ANIONIC SITE; RESIDUES; SPECIFICITY; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; MUTAGENESIS; TORPEDO AB Amino acid sequence alignments of cholinesterases revealed that 6 of 14 aromatic amino acid residues lining the active center gorge of acetylcholinesterase are replaced by aliphatic amino acid residues in butyrylcholinesterase. The Y337(F330) in mammalian acetylcholinesterase, which is replaced by A328 in human butyrylcholinesterase, is implicated in the binding of ligands such as huperzine A, edrophonium, and acridines and one end of bisquaternary compounds such as BW284C51 and decamethonium, Y337 may sterically hinder the binding of phenothiazines such as ethopropazine, which contains a bulky exocyclic substitution, Inhibition studies of (-)-huperzine A with human butyrylcholinesterase mutants, where A328 (K-I = 194.6 mu M) was modified to either F (K-I = 0.6 mu M, as in Torpedo acetylcholinesterase) or Y (K-I = 0.032 mu M, as in mammalian acetylcholinesterase), confirmed previous observations made with acetylcholinesterase mutants that this residue is important for binding huperzine A, Inhibition studies of ethopropazine with butyrylcholinesterase mutants, where A328 (K-I = 0.18 mu M) was modified to either F (K-I = 0.82 mu M) or Y (K-I = 0.28 mu M), suggested that A328 was not solely responsible for the selectivity of ethopropazine, Volume calculations for the active site gorge showed that the poor inhibitory activity of ethopropazine toward acetylcholinesterase was due to the smaller dimension of the active site gorge which was unable to accommodate the bulky inhibitor molecule. The volume of the butyrylcholinesterase active site gorge is similar to 200 Angstrom(3) larger than that of the acetylcholinesterase gorge, which allows the accommodation of ethopropazine in two different orientations as demonstrated by rigid-body refinement and molecular dynamics calculations. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,INTEGRATED PROGRAM,NEW YORK,NY 10032. UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,EPPLEY CANC INST,OMAHA,NE 68198. RP Saxena, A (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DIV BIOCHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 42 TC 146 Z9 148 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD DEC 2 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 48 BP 14642 EP 14651 DI 10.1021/bi971425+ PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YJ709 UT WOS:A1997YJ70900005 PM 9398183 ER PT J AU Pohl, JF Frattarelli, JL AF Pohl, JF Frattarelli, JL TI Bilateral transvaginal sacrospinous colpopexy: Preliminary experience SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Gynecologic-Surgeons CY FEB 24-26, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Soc Gynecol Surgeons DE bilateral transvaginal sacrospinous colpopexy; uterine prolapse; vaginal vault prolapse AB OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to determine how often a transvaginal sacrospinous colpopexy procedure can be done bilaterally. STUDY DESIGN: Between August 1993 and July 1996, 66 patients were prospectively evaluated for uterine prolapse (19 patients) and posthysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse (47 patients). Twenty-six patients (25 with posthysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse) underwent an abdominal sacral colpopexy. The remaining 40 patients (18 with uterine prolapse, 22 with posthysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse) were preoperatively and intraoperatively assessed for a bilateral sacrospinous colpopexy. All patients with uterine prolapse underwent hysterectomy. RESULTS: In 10 of the 18 (56%) patients with uterine prolapse and in 16 of the 22 (73%) patients with posthysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse, bilateral suspension to the sacrospinous ligament was carried out. Follow-up has ranged from 6 to 40 months, and no recurrent vaginal cuff prolapses have been detected in any patients. In 3 patients, however, all in the bilateral fixation categories, distention cystoceles have developed; one patient has undergone a successful anterior colporrhaphy. CONCLUSIONS: The bilateral suspension is different from the unilateral suspension in that the former requires significant intraoperative judgment in its feasibility and in maintaining the width of the vaginal cuff to allow a bilateral suspension without tension. A bilateral fixation appears more attainable in a patient with posthysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse than in one with uterine prolapse. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Urogynecol & Reconstruct Pelv Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Pohl, JF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Urogynecol & Reconstruct Pelv Surg, 6825 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 177 IS 6 BP 1356 EP 1361 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(97)70075-9 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA YP223 UT WOS:000071254900015 PM 9423735 ER PT J AU Markenson, GR Martin, RK Tillotson-Criss, M Foley, KS Stewart, RS Yancey, M AF Markenson, GR Martin, RK Tillotson-Criss, M Foley, KS Stewart, RS Yancey, M TI The use of the polymerase chain reaction to detect bacteria in amniotic fluid in pregnancies complicated by preterm labor SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polymerase chain reaction; intraamniotic infection; preterm labor; interleukin-6 ID INTACT MEMBRANES; HISTOLOGIC CHORIOAMNIONITIS; INTRAAMNIOTIC INFECTION; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; PREMATURE LABOR; AMPLIFICATION; INTERLEUKIN-6; DIAGNOSIS; SEQUENCES AB OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the feasibility of using the polymerase chain reaction to detect bacteria in amniotic fluid and to compare pregnancy outcomes in subsets of women categorized by amniotic fluid culture, polymerase chain reaction, and interleukin-6 findings. STUDY DESIGN: Amniotic fluid from 54 pregnancies with preterm labor and no clinical evidence of intraamniotic infection was evaluated with use of the polymerase chain reaction, interleukin-6, and bacterial culture. Gestational age, newborn weight, and time between amniocentesis and delivery were compared between subsets of women categorized by these tests. RESULTS: With use of the polymerase chain reaction <100 bacteria per milliliter could be detected in amniotic fluid. A total of 55.5% of the amniotic fluid samples were polymerase chain reaction positive, whereas 9.2% of culture results were positive. Birth weights and gestational age at delivery were less and time from amniocentesis to delivery was shorter in the polymerase chain reaction-positive group (p < 0.05). Nine samples (15%) had elevated interleukin-6 concentrations; of these, six were polymerase chain reaction positive. CONCLUSIONS: The polymerase chain reaction is a sensitive means of detecting bacteria in amniotic fluid. These results provide further evidence of an association between preterm delivery and intraamniotic infection. Not all amniotic fluid samples with elevated interleukin-6 levels have bacteria detectable by the polymerase chain reaction. We anticipate that the polymerase chain reaction will provide another avenue for the detection of bacteria in amniotic fluid. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Markenson, GR (reprint author), TAMCM, CDR, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Tripler AMC, HI 96859 USA. NR 26 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 177 IS 6 BP 1471 EP 1477 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(97)70093-0 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA YP223 UT WOS:000071254900037 PM 9423753 ER PT J AU Sees, DW Martin, R AF Sees, DW Martin, R TI Comparison of preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and laparoscopic cholecystectomy with operative management of gallstone pancreatitis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Southwestern-Surgical-Congress CY APR 13-16, 1997 CL RANCHO MIRAGE, CA SP SW Surg Congress ID INTRAOPERATIVE CHOLANGIOGRAPHY; CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS; INDICATORS; ROUTINE; ERCP AB BACKGROUND: Preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (PROP) with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ERCP/LC) should reduce hospital stay when compared with laparoscopic cholecystectomy/intraoperative cholangiogram (LC/IOC) and selective common bile duct exploration (CEDE). METHOD: Retrospective review of 82 patients with gallstone pancreatitis. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients had preoperative ERCP/LC and 51 patients underwent LC/IOC. Nineteen percent in the ERCP/LC group developed postprocedure pancreatitis. The presence of choledocholithiasis was associated with an increased incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis (38%) and an increased length of stay ([LOS] 24 versus 10 days). The development of post-ERCP pancreatitis markly increased LOS to 30 days. Six percent in the LC/IOC group developed postoperative pancreatitis. The mean LOS was 10.1 days. Open CEDE increased the LOS to 14.5 days. Postoperative pancreatitis increased the LOS to 23 days. The LOS of patients with choledocholithiasis who underwent uncomplicated ERCP/ES or LC/IOC with open CEDE was similar. CONCLUSIONS: The development of postprocedure pancreatitis is a more important determinant of hospital stay than an open operative procedure. LC/IOC with its lower incidence of postprocedure pancreatitis;resulted in a shorter hospital LOS even when open CDBE was performed. (C) 1997 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,DEPT SURG,GEN SURG SERV,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAHNERS PUBL CO PI NEW YORK PA 249 WEST 17 STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9610 J9 AM J SURG JI Am. J. Surg. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 174 IS 6 BP 719 EP 722 DI 10.1016/S0002-9610(97)00216-X PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA YK920 UT WOS:A1997YK92000030 PM 9409604 ER PT J AU Beecham, HJ Lebron, CI Echeverria, P AF Beecham, HJ Lebron, CI Echeverria, P TI Short report: Impact of traveler's diarrhea on United States troops deployed to Thailand SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; GASTROENTERITIS; CIPROFLOXACIN; ANTIBODIES; THERAPY AB Among a United States military unit of 170 personnel deployed to Utapao, Thailand for a three-week training exercise, 40% experienced diarrheal disease, and 12% sought medical treatment for diarrhea. Most illness clustered within the first two weeks of arrival and individuals were ill an average of 3.6 days. Fifty-five percent of cases lost two days of work and 15% required treatment with intravenous fluids. Bacterial pathogens were recovered from 38% of 16 stools submitted, with Campylobacter jejuni the most common. Four (12.5%) of 32 persons who voluntarily submitted paired sera exhibited a four-fold increase in IgG antibody titer to C. jejuni. Traveler's diarrhea continues to be an important problem with a serious potential to impact the mission readiness of even small military units deployed overseas. C1 USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 6, Dept Trop Med, Pearl Harbor, HI 96860 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Dept Microbiol, Jakarta, Indonesia. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Bacteriol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Beecham, HJ (reprint author), USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 6, Dept Trop Med, Pearl Harbor, HI 96860 USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 57 IS 6 BP 699 EP 701 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YQ731 UT WOS:000071417600014 PM 9430530 ER PT J AU Li, J Wirtz, RA McCutchan, TF AF Li, J Wirtz, RA McCutchan, TF TI Analysis of malaria parasite RNA from decade-old Giemsa-stained blood smears and dried mosquitoes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; RIBOSOMAL-RNA AB We have analyzed RNA isolated from recently prepared and historically preserved slides containing smears of Plasmodium-infected blood. We found that slides preserved as long as 20 years can yield RNA that is a suitable template for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Mosquitoes that have been stored for years under ambient temperature can also be used as an RNA source. The RNA amplification from slide-derived material is shown to be dependent upon the addition of reverse transcriptase and the resultant products are specific to the developmental state of the parasite. Amplification of ribosomal RNA with primers conserved for Plasmodium and hybridization with species-specific probes provide a general, unbiased method for species determination. Messenger RNA transcripts from slides also appear to serve as templates. The procedure may add complementary information to that derived from microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears including species identification, variant antigen identification and drug resistance status. C1 NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, Growth & Dev Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP McCutchan, TF (reprint author), NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, Growth & Dev Sect, Bldg 4,Room B1-28,9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 57 IS 6 BP 727 EP 731 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YQ731 UT WOS:000071417600020 PM 9430536 ER PT J AU Stevens, JB Walker, SC Fontenot, JP AF Stevens, JB Walker, SC Fontenot, JP TI The clinical neuromuscular pharmacology of cisatracurium versus vecuronium during outpatient anesthesia SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Article ID OPIOID BARBITURATE ANESTHESIA; TRACHEAL INTUBATION; ATRACURIUM; RECOVERY; HUMANS; TRANSMISSION; PANCURONIUM; NEOSTIGMINE; MIVACURIUM; ROCURONIUM AB Neither comparisons of the clinical neuromuscular effects of cisatracurium and vecuronium nor comparative studies of their antagonism by neostigmine have been reported. In addition, the efficacy of administering cisatracurium in divided doses has not been investigated. Accordingly, we applied supramaximal electrical stimuli to the ulnar nerve of 165 ASA physical status I and II patients receiving nitrous oxide/alfentanil/propofol anesthesia. Forty-five patients received cisatracurium 5, 10, or 15 mu g/kg, and the evoked response at the adductor pollicis was recorded for 15 min. One hundred-twenty patients received cisatracurium 5, 10, or 15 mu g/kg or normal saline placebo followed 5 min later by either cisatracurium 100 mu g/kg or vecuronium 100 mu g/kg (always after placebo). Time to clinical onset (maximal ablation of single twitch response) was measured. When the evoked response spontaneously recovered to 10% of control height, neostigmine 5, 10, 30, or 50 mu g/kg or placebo was administered, and recovery of neuromuscular function was recorded for the next 15 min. The clinical onset of vecuronium without priming (2.8 +/- 0.8 min) (mean +/- SD) was significantly (P < 0.05) faster than the onset of cisatracurium without priming (4.6 +/- 1.4 min). Cisatracurium 5, 10, or 15 mu g/kg administered before cisatracurium 100 mu g/kg significantly (P < 0.05) accelerated the time to complete ablation of the evoked response (3.9 +/- 0.9, 2.9 +/- 0.8, or 3.0 +/- 0.9 min, respectively) compared with cisatracurium 100 mu g/kg without priming. The dose of neostigmine required to achieve 50% assisted recovery of the train-of-four ratio at 5 min was significantly (P < 0.05) smaller in patients who received vecuronium (29.1 [17.9-55.3] mu g/kg) (mean [95% confidence interval]) compared with those who received cisatracurium (53.7 [31.6-131.5] mu g/kg). Given its faster clinical onset and greater sensitivity to antagonism by neostigmine, we conclude that vecuronium may be more suitable than cisatracurium for use in outpatient anesthesia. Implications: We investigated the onset of muscle relaxation using intravenous vecuronium and cisatracurium and assessed the ability of neostigmine to antagonize (reverse) this effect. Our results suggest that vecuronium works faster than cisatracurium and is more sensitive to neostigmine. Vecuronium therefore may be more useful than cisatracurium in outpatient anesthesia. RP Stevens, JB (reprint author), BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78234, USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1278 EP 1283 DI 10.1097/00000539-199712000-00018 PG 6 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA YH576 UT WOS:A1997YH57600018 PM 9390594 ER PT J AU Jackson, MR Danby, CA Alving, BM AF Jackson, MR Danby, CA Alving, BM TI Heparinoid anticoagulation and topical fibrin sealant in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia SO ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; ORG-10172 AB The development of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients who require systemic anticoagulation for cardiac and vascular operations poses a therapeutic dilemma because no alternative anticoagulants are generally available. Heparinoid (Org 10172) has been used as an alternative anticoagulant under protocol or on a compassionate use basis, and has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. There is, however, no heparinoid antagonist to reverse the anticoagulation. This report describes the combined use of heparinoid anticoagulation and adjunctive fibrin sealant for topical hemostasis in a patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Recommendations for perioperative monitoring of heparinoid anticoagulation are provided. (C) 1997 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Jackson, MR (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Vasc Surg, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0003-4975 J9 ANN THORAC SURG JI Ann. Thorac. Surg. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 64 IS 6 BP 1815 EP 1817 DI 10.1016/S0003-4975(97)01065-5 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA YR186 UT WOS:000071469400063 PM 9436582 ER PT J AU Looareesuwan, S Buchachart, K Wilairtana, P Chalermrut, K Rattanapong, Y Amradee, S Siripiphat, S Chullawichit, S Thimasan, K Ittiverakul, M Triampon, A Walsh, DS AF Looareesuwan, S Buchachart, K Wilairtana, P Chalermrut, K Rattanapong, Y Amradee, S Siripiphat, S Chullawichit, S Thimasan, K Ittiverakul, M Triampon, A Walsh, DS TI Primaquine-tolerant vivax malaria in Thailand SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-VIVAX; RESISTANT; PHARMACOKINETICS; CHLOROQUINE; EFFICACY; STRAINS C1 Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Hosp Trop Dis, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Malaria Div, Nonthaburi, Thailand. USA, Med Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol & Med, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Looareesuwan, S (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Hosp Trop Dis, 420-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 91 IS 8 BP 939 EP 943 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA YM479 UT WOS:000071067600006 PM 9579214 ER PT J AU Fraser, SL Jorgensen, JH AF Fraser, SL Jorgensen, JH TI Reappraisal of the antimicrobial susceptibilities of Chryseobacterium and Flavobacterium species and methods for reliable susceptibility testing SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI; MENINGOSEPTICUM; BACTEREMIA; ODORATUM; STRAINS; NOV AB Several Flavobacterium species, comprising a heterogeneous group of gram-negative bacilli that are capable of causing opportunistic infections in humans, have recently been reclassified as Chryseobacterium or Myroides species. Intrinsically resistant to a number of antibiotics, these organisms have been reported to be susceptible to vancomycin and certain other drugs that are normally active against gram-positive bacteria. By using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) broth microdilution procedure, 58 clinical isolates of former flavobacteria (36 Chryseobacterium meningosepticum isolates, 11 C. indologenes isolates, 3 C. gleum isolates, 4 unspeciated former members of Flavobacterium group IIb, and 4 Myroides odoratum isolates) were tested with 23 antibiotics, including conventional and investigational agents. In addition, the broth microdilution results were compared to those generated by agar dilution, E-test, and disk diffusion for vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam. Compared to the NCCLS microdilution results, there were 7.1 and 17.9% very major errors with piperacillin-tazobactam by agar dilution and E-test, respectively, In addition, there were from 12.1 to 48.3% minor errors with both procedures with vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam. The very major and minor error rates were unacceptably high with disk testing of piperacillin-tazobactam; the use of enterococcal vancomycin disk breakpoints (zone diameter of greater than or equal to 17 mm = susceptible) resulted in >20% minor errors but only one very major error. All of the isolates were susceptible to minocycline; over 90% were susceptible to sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, and clinafloxacin; and 88% were susceptible to rifampin. None was susceptible to vancomycin. When Chryseobacterium or Myroides species are isolated from serious infections, susceptibility testing by broth microdilution should be performed and therapy should be guided by those results. C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PATHOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,DEPT MED,INFECT DIS SERV,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234. NR 29 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 41 IS 12 BP 2738 EP 2741 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YK234 UT WOS:A1997YK23400025 PM 9420049 ER PT J AU Thompson, WB AF Thompson, WB TI 'At 7' SO ANTIOCH REVIEW LA English DT Poetry RP Thompson, WB (reprint author), US MIL ACAD,W POINT,NY, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANTIOCH REVIEW PI YELLOW SPRINGS PA BOX 148, YELLOW SPRINGS, OH 45387 SN 0003-5769 J9 ANTIOCH REV JI Antioch Rev. PD WIN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 81 EP 81 PG 1 WC Literary Reviews SC Literature GA WN882 UT WOS:A1997WN88200011 ER PT J AU Miller, SD Vinson, RP McCollough, ML Keeling, JH AF Miller, SD Vinson, RP McCollough, ML Keeling, JH TI Multiple smooth skin nodules SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SACROCOCCYGEAL CHORDOMA RP Miller, SD (reprint author), BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234, USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 133 IS 12 BP 1579 EP & PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA YL301 UT WOS:A1997YL30100015 PM 9420546 ER PT J AU Landis, D Dansby, MR Hoyle, M AF Landis, D Dansby, MR Hoyle, M TI The effects of race on procedural justice: The case of the uniform code of military justice SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EXPLAIN; PRISON; SYSTEM; PLEAS AB Building on a relatively recent tradition in studies of the civilian criminal justice system, the present research examined the potential racial bias in time-related variables inherent in the administration of courts-martial under the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). The sample consisted of a database of all adjudicated charges in the U.S. Army of aggravated assault, drug-related, and sex-related crimes between 1986 and 1992. The results of the analyses of two main and three explanatory hypotheses indicated that, with regard to non-sex-related offenses, blacks spent longer going from initial charges to final disposition, were older than whites, and had been in the service longer. The relationship was reversed for sex-related crimes. The presence or absence of a negotiated plea bargain was found to have negligible effects on duration in the system. No consistent correlation was found between intellectual ability and time spent in the system. These results were interpreted in terms of an interaction between the level of potential public interest in a crime and the race of the accused, with blacks receiving accelerated treatment in crimes involving sex and less attention in the case of other crimes. C1 Univ Mississippi, Ctr Appl Res & Evaluat, University, MS 38677 USA. USA, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Landis, D (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Ctr Appl Res & Evaluat, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 65 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI NEW BRUNSWICK PA DEPT 3091 RUTGERS-THE STATE UNIV OF NJ, NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ 08903 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD WIN PY 1997 VL 24 IS 2 BP 183 EP + PG 38 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA ZB868 UT WOS:000072516100001 ER PT J AU Rosen, LN Martin, L AF Rosen, LN Martin, L TI Sexual harassment, cohesion, and combat readiness in US Army support units SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MILITARY; BEHAVIOR; WOMEN AB Sexual harassment as a work climate variable was examined in relation to acceptance of women, gender composition of the work group, cohesion, readiness, mission requirements, and expectations among mate and female soldiers in U.S. Army combat support and combat service support units. Using group level analysis, the study found that soldiers' assessment of sexual harassment in the unit was significantly correlated with poor leadership climate, lower acceptance of women, and lower combat readiness. Among female soldiers, a higher percentage of women in the work group was associated with fewer sexual harassment experiences and with higher acceptance of women. Male soldiers in units with a higher percentage of women were more likely to perceive sexual harassment as a problem in the unit. Higher percentage of women in the unit and male soldiers' perceptions of sexual harassment as a problem in the unit were both associated with more days spent in the field training. Perceived time pressure was correlated with lower acceptance of women and lower combat readiness for male soldiers, while for female soldiers, increased days in the field were associated with lower combat readiness. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mil Psychiat, Div Neuropsychiat,MCMR UWI A, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Rosen, LN (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mil Psychiat, Div Neuropsychiat,MCMR UWI A, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 7 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI NEW BRUNSWICK PA DEPT 3091 RUTGERS-THE STATE UNIV OF NJ, NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ 08903 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD WIN PY 1997 VL 24 IS 2 BP 221 EP + PG 25 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA ZB868 UT WOS:000072516100002 ER EF