FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Remick, D Chancellor, K Pederson, J Zambraski, EJ Sawka, MN Wenger, CB AF Remick, D Chancellor, K Pederson, J Zambraski, EJ Sawka, MN Wenger, CB TI Hyperthermia and dehydration-related deaths associated with intentional rapid weight loss in three collegiate wrestlers - North Carolina, Wisconsin, and Michigan, November-December 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 105-108, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID EXERCISE C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC 27611 USA. Franciscan Skemp Healthcare, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. CDC, Div Nutr Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Regulatory Affairs, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, US FDA, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Remick, D (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 11 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 18 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 11 BP 824 EP 825 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZA943 UT WOS:000072417600010 ER PT J AU Armstrong, KL Cooper, MF Williams, MT Morris, JR McKinley, CD Elsayed, NM AF Armstrong, KL Cooper, MF Williams, MT Morris, JR McKinley, CD Elsayed, NM TI Pretreatment with dietary vitamin E protects rat from blast overpressure exposure. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1468 BP A252 EP A252 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401465 ER PT J AU Baker-Fulco, CJ McGraw, SM Niro, P AF Baker-Fulco, CJ McGraw, SM Niro, P TI Dietary habits of Army Combat Support Hospital (CSH) personnel. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1295 BP A222 EP A222 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401290 ER PT J AU Byers, CE Whalley, CE Capacio, BR AF Byers, CE Whalley, CE Capacio, BR TI Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of 4-aminopyridine and 3,4-diaminopyridine in guinea pigs. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, ERDEC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 831 BP A143 EP A143 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006400836 ER PT J AU Byers, S Anderson, D Brobst, D Cowan, F AF Byers, S Anderson, D Brobst, D Cowan, F TI An automated assay for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)). SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 732 BP A126 EP A126 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006400733 ER PT J AU Champagne, CM Karge, WH Allen, HR Cline, AD Baker-Fulco, CJ AF Champagne, CM Karge, WH Allen, HR Cline, AD Baker-Fulco, CJ TI Diet and coronary heart disease risk factors in students at the US Army Sergeants Major Academy. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Louisiana State Univ, Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1311 BP A224 EP A224 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401306 ER PT J AU Cline, AD Champagne, CM Arsenault, JE AF Cline, AD Champagne, CM Arsenault, JE TI Passive nutrition intervention reduces dietary fat intake of young men in a cafeteria setting SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. GEOctr Inc, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 3075 BP A529 EP A529 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006403068 ER PT J AU Dubick, MA Sondeen, JL Majumdar, APN AF Dubick, MA Sondeen, JL Majumdar, APN TI Increased expression of the EGF-receptor (EGF-R) in small intestine from rabbits subjected to hemorrhage (H) and renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. VA Med Ctr, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 171 BP A29 EP A29 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006400169 ER PT J AU DuBose, DA Matthew, C Schroder, E Balcius, J Morehouse, D Sils, I AF DuBose, DA Matthew, C Schroder, E Balcius, J Morehouse, D Sils, I TI Tissue uptake of fluorescent microspheres (FM) by normothermic and hyperthermic rats. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 2205 BP A379 EP A379 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006402200 ER PT J AU Durkot, MJ Cayanong, M Lopez, R Francesconi, R AF Durkot, MJ Cayanong, M Lopez, R Francesconi, R TI The effects of the implantable contraceptive drug Levonorgestrel(R) on exercise endurance in a female rat model. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 688 BP A118 EP A118 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006400687 ER PT J AU Fishbein, WN Davis, JI Foellmer, JW Chung, RC Dennis, GJ Ribas, JL AF Fishbein, WN Davis, JI Foellmer, JW Chung, RC Dennis, GJ Ribas, JL TI Masked assay for genomic instability in a Gulf War illness cohort vs 3 matched control groups SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1154 BP A198 EP A198 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401155 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, RR Blanchard, LA AF Gonzalez, RR Blanchard, LA TI Cold stress in women: Comparison of model and experimental results with protective clothing. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 315 BP A54 EP A54 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006400316 ER PT J AU Karge, WH Tharion, WJ Tulley, RT Greenblatt, H Adalsteinsson, O Lieberman, HR AF Karge, WH Tharion, WJ Tulley, RT Greenblatt, H Adalsteinsson, O Lieberman, HR TI Effect of an egg protein nutrient drink on serum lipid and apolipoprotein values. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. DCV BioNutr, Wilmington, DE USA. Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1231 BP A210 EP A210 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401224 ER PT J AU Krakauer, T Heath, D AF Krakauer, T Heath, D TI Lack of IL-1 receptor antagonistic activity of the capsular F1 antigen of Yersinia pestis. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LARMC, D-66849 Landstuhl, Germany. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1529 BP A262 EP A262 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401524 ER PT J AU Li, OG Peggins, JO Fleckenstein, L Brewer, TG AF Li, OG Peggins, JO Fleckenstein, L Brewer, TG TI Binding characteristics of artemisinin drugs. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 837 BP A144 EP A144 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006400841 ER PT J AU Marchitelli, LJ Patton, JF Mello, RP Tulley, RT Karge, WH AF Marchitelli, LJ Patton, JF Mello, RP Tulley, RT Karge, WH TI Association of DEXA body fat values with blood lipid markers of coronary heart disease. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Inst Environm Med, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1387 BP A237 EP A237 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401382 ER PT J AU Matthew, CB Sils, IV Francesconi, RP AF Matthew, CB Sils, IV Francesconi, RP TI The rat as a model of hormonal alterations in circadian periodicity of core temperature. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 705 BP A121 EP A121 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006400706 ER PT J AU Schlager, JJ Ali, K Platteborze, PL AF Schlager, JJ Ali, K Platteborze, PL TI Transcriptional regulation of apoptosis genes after sulfur mustard exposure. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 2704 BP A465 EP A465 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006402699 ER PT J AU Sils, IV Matthew, CB Tartarini, KA Francesconi, RP AF Sils, IV Matthew, CB Tartarini, KA Francesconi, RP TI Hormonal alterations of circadian periodicity in heart rate in rats. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 707 BP A121 EP A121 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006400705 ER PT J AU Tharion, WJ Warber, JP Hoyt, RW DeLany, JP AF Tharion, WJ Warber, JP Hoyt, RW DeLany, JP TI Energy requirements of rangers in garrison and in the field. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Geo Ctr Inc, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1187 BP A204 EP A204 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401189 ER PT J AU Tolnay, M Vereshchagina, LA Tsokos, GC AF Tolnay, M Vereshchagina, LA Tsokos, GC TI Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D0B and AP-2 are involved in the regulation of the complement receptor 2 (CR2) gene. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 1703 BP A292 EP A292 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006401697 ER PT J AU Yuan, B Uyehara, CFT Nakamura, KT Claybaugh, JR AF Yuan, B Uyehara, CFT Nakamura, KT Claybaugh, JR TI V1 inhibition reduces sensitivity to ACH-induced aortic ring relaxation in SHR but not WKY rats: Role for vascular vasopressin? SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 SU S MA 2239 BP A385 EP A385 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 121HC UT WOS:000076006402232 ER PT J AU Tessler, A Riggs, HR Freese, CE Cook, GM AF Tessler, A Riggs, HR Freese, CE Cook, GM TI An improved variational method for finite element stress recovery and a posteriori error estimation SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PATCH RECOVERY; SHEAR AB A new variational formulation is presented which serves as a foundation for an improved finite element stress recovery and a posteriori error estimation. In the case of stress predictions, interelement discontinuous stress fields from finite element solutions are transformed into a C-1-continuous stress field with C-0-continuous stress gradients. These enhanced results are ideally suited for error estimation since the stress gradients can be used to assess equilibrium satisfaction. The approach is employed as a post-processing step in finite element analysis. The variational statement used herein combines discrete-least squares, penalty-constraint, and curvature-control functionals, thus enabling automated recovery of smooth stresses and stress gradients. The paper describes the mathematical foundation of the method and presents numerical examples including stress recovery in two-dimensional structures and built-up aircraft components, and error estimation for adaptive mesh refinement procedures. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Computat Struct Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Civil Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USA, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Watertown, MA USA. George Washington Univ, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. RP Tessler, A (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Computat Struct Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RI Tessler, Alexander/A-4729-2009 NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PD MAR 16 PY 1998 VL 155 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 30 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(97)00135-7 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA ZJ008 UT WOS:000073170300002 ER PT J AU Nassar, AEF Lucas, SV Jones, WR Hoffland, LD AF Nassar, AEF Lucas, SV Jones, WR Hoffland, LD TI Separation of chemical warfare agent degradation products by the reversal of electroosmotic flow in capillary electrophoresis SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICROCOLUMN LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ALKYLPHOSPHONIC ACIDS; ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; UV DETECTION; METHYLPHOSPHONIC ACIDS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MYOGLOBIN; SAMPLES; NONPRODUCTION AB We report the development of analyses for nerve agent degradation products or related species by the reversal of electroosmotic now in capillary electrophoresis (CE), The developed methods were used in this laboratory for analysis of samples in the second and third official proficiency tests (International Round-Robins) for the Provisional Technical Secretariat/Preparatory Commission for the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, and those results are reported here, Analytes studied include methylphosphonic acid (a dibasic acid), the monoisopropyl ester of ethylphosphonic acid, and the monoalkyl esters of methylphosphonic acid (R = ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, pinacolyl (3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl), cyclohexyl, and 2-ethylhexyl). The cationic surfactants used here for the reversal of electroosmotic now are didodecyldimethylammonium hydroxide and cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, CE methods using conductivity or indirect UV detection provide a good separation efficiency and very high sensitivity for the analysis of such compounds, The detection limits for these species were about 75 mu g/L when using conductivity detection and about 100 mu g/L when using indirect UV detection, Because pH plays an important role in the CE separation of the alkylphosphonic acids and their monoesters, the influence of pH on these separation systems was investigated, Electrolytes were stable for at least 3 months, Excellent separation efficiency and freedom from interference due to common anions were obtained in the developed methods which typically achieved complete separations in less than 3 min, The method was applied to aqueous leachates of soil, wipes of surfaces, and vegetation sampled from a held site known to have been exposed to nerve agents and subsequently cleaned up, The data from these environmental samples indicated that the method can be expected to be useful for environmental monitoring. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Bel Air, MD 21015 USA. Thermo Bioanal Corp, Franklin, MA 02038 USA. USA, Mat Command Treaty Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Nassar, AEF (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 2012 Tollgate Rd, Bel Air, MD 21015 USA. NR 43 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 15 PY 1998 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1085 EP 1091 DI 10.1021/ac9709716 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA ZC318 UT WOS:000072565200005 PM 9530000 ER PT J AU Williamson, CK Daniel, RG McNesby, KL Miziolek, AW AF Williamson, CK Daniel, RG McNesby, KL Miziolek, AW TI Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for real-time detection of halon alternative agents SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AIR; ENVIRONMENT; EMISSION AB We report the results of an evaluation of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the detection of candidate halon replacement compounds (CF4, CF3H, CF2H2, C2F5H) The fundamental (1.064 mu m) from a Nd: YAG Q-switched pulsed laser was focused into an air flow containing 0.0005-5% of the analyte halocarbon compounds, The laser-produced plasma emission consists of a large number of intense fluorine atom lines in the 600-850 nm spectral range. Limit-of-detection studies indicate that LIES can detect these compounds in the parts per million range, Also, we have recorded single-shot LIBS spectra with good signal-to-noise ratios using an intensified photodiode array. Our results indicate that LIBS is a promising detection technique for in situ and real-time measurement of halons during use in full-scale fire suppression testing. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Miziolek, AW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 14 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 15 PY 1998 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1186 EP 1191 DI 10.1021/ac970362y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA ZC318 UT WOS:000072565200020 ER PT J AU Anderson, DM Fredrickson, EL Nachman, P Estell, RE Havstad, KM Murray, LW AF Anderson, DM Fredrickson, EL Nachman, P Estell, RE Havstad, KM Murray, LW TI Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra of herbaceous and woody pre- and post-digested plant material SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE laser-induced fluorescence; botanical composition; fecal analysis; plants ID GREEN PLANTS; BLUE FLUORESCENCE; LEAVES; EMISSION; SIGNATURES AB Filtrate from pre- and post-digested plant material was exposed to 355-nm pulsed laser light and the subsequent laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) was recorded. Similarities and differences among spectra from 20 materials are discussed. Each material was replicated once, dried, ground, and exposed to chloroform (CHCl(3)) for 24 h. The material represented aged (1 to 18 years old) plants from different herbaceous (grasses and forbs) and woody plant life forms. Mean peak fluorescence recorded among materials differed (P < 0.0001) in both wavelength and peak amplitude (counts) across the spectral range (387 to 788 nm). Peak fluorescence was evaluated within each of three arbitrary color categories, blue near 455 nm and red near 674 nm, while only 16 of the materials produced a green peak near 528 nm. In general, the blue and green fluorescence peaks were broad while the red peak was narrow. Mean peak counts were largest in the red range. Varying amounts of laser beam absorption occurred among the materials evaluated due to different concentrations of filtrate and different absorption efficiencies; therefore, amplitude data (counts) were not used to determine statistical differences among materials. To overcome difficulties attributed to the raw count data, red/blue, red/green and blue/green count ratios within replicates were calculated. Using all three count ratios in a multivariate analysis of variance, the 16 materials could be separated into nine different (P < 0.05) material groupings. The LIF technique may provide a reliable means to separate ground pre- and post-digested plant materials following further research into determining what fluorophores are producing the spectral signatures and how sample preparation affect peak wavelengths. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept MSC 3JER, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Expt Stat, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Anderson, DM (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept MSC 3JER, Jornada Expt Range, Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM deanders@nmsu.edu NR 43 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 1998 VL 70 IS 4 BP 315 EP 337 DI 10.1016/S0377-8401(97)00088-6 PG 23 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ZD685 UT WOS:000072712500004 ER PT J AU Effler, SW Boone, SR Siegfried, C Ashby, SL AF Effler, SW Boone, SR Siegfried, C Ashby, SL TI Dynamics of zebra mussel oxygen demand in Seneca River, New York SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN LAKE ERIE; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; WATER-QUALITY; SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION; HATCHERY BAY; IMPACT; MODEL AB The magnitude and dynamics of oxygen depletion from; zebra mussel metabolism for a severely infested 1.4 km section of the Seneca River, NY, is documented for a 3-month period of 1994, based on hourly measurements of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations at an upstream site and a downstream site and mass balance calculations. The average areal zebra mussel oxygen demand (ZOD) in the study section during a 30-day low-flow period (population density similar to 40 000 individuals m(-2)) was 39.4 g m(-2) d(-1). The average value of ZOD for the same 30-day period, normalized for zebra mussel biomass mass (42.4 mg of O-2 (g Of zebra mussel)(-1) d(-1)), compares favorably to recently reported oxygen consumption rates from laboratory experiments, supporting its application elsewhere to accommodate the effects on oxygen resources of invaded systems. Values of ZOD varied greatly during the study reflecting responses of the invader to changes in ambient conditions, including flow and a major decrease in the population. C1 Upstate Freshwater Inst, Syracuse, NY 13214 USA. New York State Museum & Sci Serv, Biol Survey, Albany, NY 12230 USA. USAE, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Effler, SW (reprint author), Upstate Freshwater Inst, POB 506, Syracuse, NY 13214 USA. EM mgperkins@aol.com NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 6 BP 807 EP 812 DI 10.1021/es970838v PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZC377 UT WOS:000072571800014 ER PT J AU Blanco, E Rao, DN Aranda, FJ Rao, DVGLN Tripathy, S Akkara, JA Litran, R Ramirez-del-Solar, M AF Blanco, E Rao, DN Aranda, FJ Rao, DVGLN Tripathy, S Akkara, JA Litran, R Ramirez-del-Solar, M TI Dispersion of the nonlinear absorption of copper phthalocyanine in a silica xerogel matrix through the visible spectrum SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REVERSE SATURABLE ABSORPTION; SOL-GEL MATERIALS; GLASSES AB Recently, macrocyclic organic dyes have attracted a lot of attention as possible candidates for applications in optical power limiters and pulse shaping devices. We present results for the effective excited state absorption cross section of copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (CuPcTs) in a CuPcTs/Silica xerogel composite. The sample was prepared by the sol-gel method using ultrasound energy to promote the hydrolysis of tetramethoxysilane which was the silica precursor. The study has been performed in the visible region of the spectrum from 450 to 730 nm. This study represents a complete description of the dispersion of the nonlinear absorption for the composite. Measurements were also obtained for a solution of the CuPc in sulfuric acid for comparison purposes. We observed reverse saturable absorption in the range of 450-540 nm wavelength and saturable absorption in the range 570-730 nm wavelength for the composite. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA USA. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Cadiz, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, Cadiz 11510, Spain. RP Blanco, E (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM blanco@umbsky.cc.umb.edu RI Rao, Devulapalli/L-8863-2015; Blanco Ollero, Eduardo/F-3372-2010; Ramirez del Solar, Milagrosa/K-5019-2014 OI Blanco Ollero, Eduardo/0000-0002-2234-1477; Ramirez del Solar, Milagrosa/0000-0002-9707-4246 NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 1998 VL 83 IS 6 BP 3441 EP 3443 DI 10.1063/1.367115 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA ZC998 UT WOS:000072640700090 ER PT J AU Perovich, DK AF Perovich, DK TI Observations of the polarization of light reflected from sea ice SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLAR-RADIATION; MODEL; SNOW; OCEAN; ALBEDO AB As part of a large, interdisciplinary program investigating the electromagnetic properties of sea ice, we made spectral measurements of the albedo, reflectance, and Stokes vector of the reflected radiance field. The overall program encompassed observations of sea ice physical properties, optical properties and microwave properties, plus an extensive modeling effort. Measurements were made of an evolution sequence including young sea ice, pancake ice, snow-covered ice, first-year ice, and ponded ice. The effects of surface roughness were investigated by artificially roughening part of a 31-cm-thick, smooth, young ice sheet. Spectral and total albedos were sensitive to surface conditions, consistent with earlier studies. Stokes vector observations exhibited the greatest variability in the plane of incidence of the solar beam. Reflectances at 0 degrees azimuth increased sharply with zenith angle. Smoother surfaces, such as melt ponds, pancakes and bare ice, exhibited a larger increase than the snow-covered cases with their "rougher" surfaces. Since the solar zenith angle was close to Brewster's angle, specularly reflected light was highly polarized. In the "smooth" ice cases, there was significant polarization associated with the increase in reflectance, implying a substantial contribution from specular reflection. This contribution was greater at longer wavelengths, where specular reflection was a larger component of the reflected radiance. Away from the plane of incidence, the Stokes vector showed little angular variation, and the reflected light at these angles was largely unpolarized. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Perovich, DK (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 15 PY 1998 VL 103 IS C3 BP 5563 EP 5575 DI 10.1029/97JC01615 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA ZB957 UT WOS:000072525300015 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI War to the knife: Bleeding Kansas, 1854-1861. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD MAR 15 PY 1998 VL 123 IS 5 BP 81 EP 82 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA ZB799 UT WOS:000072509200129 ER PT J AU Lei, JF Will, HA AF Lei, JF Will, HA TI Thin-film thermocouples and strain-gauge technologies for engine applications SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE engine applications; strain gauges; thin-film thermocouples AB Advanced thin-film sensor techniques that can provide accurate surface strain and temperature measurements are being developed at NASA Lewis Research Center. These sensors are needed to provide minimally intrusive characterization of advanced materials (such as ceramics and composites) and structures (such as components for Space Shuttle main engine, high-speed civil transport, and general aviation aircraft) in hostile, high-temperature environments, and for validation of design codes. This paper presents two advanced thin-film sensor technologies: strain gauges and thermocouples. These sensors are sputter deposited directly onto the test articles and are only a few micrometers thick; the surface of the test article is not structurally altered and there is minimal disturbance of the gas flow over the surface. The strain gauges are palladium-13% chromium based and the thermocouples are platinum-13% rhodium versus platinum. The fabrication techniques of these thin-film sensors in a class 1000 cleanroom at the NASA Lewis Research Center are described. Their demonstration on a variety of engine materials, including superalloys, ceramics, and advanced ceramic matrix composites, in several hostile, high-temperature test environments is discussed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Army Res Lab, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Lei, JF (reprint author), NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Army Res Lab, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 17 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 1998 VL 65 IS 2-3 BP 187 EP 193 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA ZD246 UT WOS:000072666000016 ER PT J AU Pile, JC Malone, JD Eitzen, EM Friedlander, AM AF Pile, JC Malone, JD Eitzen, EM Friedlander, AM TI Anthrax as a potential biological warfare agent SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID EXPERIMENTAL INHALATION ANTHRAX; ORAL-OROPHARYNGEAL ANTHRAX; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; MAJOR EPIDEMIC; GUINEA-PIGS; TOXIN; SVERDLOVSK; OUTBREAK; ZIMBABWE AB Anthrax is a zoonotic illness recognized since antiquity. Today, human anthrax has been all but eradicated from the industrialized world, with the vast majority of practitioners in the United States unlikely to have seen a case. Unfortunately, the disease remains endemic in many areas of the world, and anthrax poses a threat as a mass casualty-producing weapon if used in a biological warfare capacity. C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. RP Pile, JC (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 67 TC 120 Z9 126 U1 6 U2 17 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD MAR 9 PY 1998 VL 158 IS 5 BP 429 EP 434 DI 10.1001/archinte.158.5.429 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZA609 UT WOS:000072381800003 PM 9508220 ER PT J AU Nigro, N Storti, M Idelsohn, S Tezduyar, T AF Nigro, N Storti, M Idelsohn, S Tezduyar, T TI Physics based GMRES preconditioner for compressible and incompressible Navier-Stokes equations SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; FINITE-ELEMENT FORMULATION; ADVECTIVE-DIFFUSIVE SYSTEMS; EXPLICIT SCHEMES; VISCOUS FLOWS; ALGORITHM; EULER; VARIABLES; OPERATOR; SUPG AB This paper presents the implementation of a local physics preconditioning mass matrix [8] for an unified approach of 3D compressible and incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using an SUPG finite element formulation and GMRES implicit solver. During the last years a lot of effort has been dedicated to finding a unified approach for compressible and incompressible flow in order to treat fluid dynamic problems with a very wide range of Mach and Reynolds numbers [10,26,37]. On the other hand, SUPG finite element formulation and GMRES implicit solver is one of the most robust combinations to solve state of the art CFD problems [1,6,9,22,29,30,31]. The selection of a good preconditioner and its performance on parallel architecture is another open problem in CFD community. The local feature of the preconditioner presented here means that no communication among processors is needed when working on parallel architectures. Due to these facts we consider that this research can make some contributions towards the development of a unified fluid dynamic model with high rates of convergence for any combination of Mach and Reynolds numbers, being very suitable for massively parallel computations. Finally, it is important to remark that while this kind of preconditioning produces stabilized results in nearly incompressible regimes the standard version exhibits some numerical drawbacks that lead to solutions without physical meaning. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Univ Nacl Litoral, CONICET, INTEC, Grp Tecnol Mecan, RA-3000 Santa Fe, Argentina. Univ Minnesota, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. RP Nigro, N (reprint author), Univ Nacl Litoral, CONICET, INTEC, Grp Tecnol Mecan, Guemes 3450, RA-3000 Santa Fe, Argentina. RI Tezduyar, Tayfun/F-6134-2012; Idelsohn, Sergio/P-7102-2014; OI Tezduyar, Tayfun/0000-0001-8707-3162; Storti, Mario Alberto/0000-0001-5596-5457; Idelsohn, Sergio/0000-0003-0034-7883 NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PD MAR 2 PY 1998 VL 154 IS 3-4 BP 203 EP 228 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(97)00129-1 PG 26 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA ZG073 UT WOS:000072962900005 ER PT J AU Rajan, N Zorman, CA Mehregany, M DeAnna, R Harvey, R AF Rajan, N Zorman, CA Mehregany, M DeAnna, R Harvey, R TI Performance of 3C-SiC thin films as protective coatings for silicon-micromachined atomizers SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE silicon carbide thin films; atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition; silicon-micromachined fuel atomizers ID GROWTH; SI AB This paper presents a study of the deposition and performance of SC-silicon carbide (3C-SiC) coatings on the flow surfaces of silicon micromachined fuel atomizers. Atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) was used to grow 3C-SiC on atomizer features which were fabricated from silicon wafers using deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). The 3C-SiC films were shown to be conformal across high-aspect-ratio atomizer structures which were etched to depths greater than 250 mu m. For tests conducted at pressures up to 690 kPa, the SiC-coated atomizers had wider spray angles, equivalent Sauter Mean Diameters (SMD), and an 11% increase in flow rates when compared to uncoated atomizers. Erosion tests proved that the SiC coating can dramatically increase the service life of silicon fuel atomizers. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Appl Phys, Microfabricat Lab, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Parker Hannifin, Gas Turbine Fuel Syst Div, Cleveland, OH 44112 USA. NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, USA, Res Lab, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Rajan, N (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Appl Phys, Microfabricat Lab, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. OI Zorman, Christian/0000-0001-9773-9351 NR 8 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAR 2 PY 1998 VL 315 IS 1-2 BP 170 EP 178 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00708-6 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA ZV073 UT WOS:000074265800029 ER PT J AU Johnson, DP Morton, J Kellas, S Jackson, K AF Johnson, DP Morton, J Kellas, S Jackson, K TI Scaling effects in sublaminate-level scaled composite laminates SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STRENGTH; CRACKING; GLASS AB A series of tensile tests has been performed to determine the effect of specimen size on the mechanical response of composite laminates that were scaled at the sublaminate level. The two material systems studied were AS4/3502 and APC-2. In the case of AS4/3502, three generic layups were considered: [+/-30/90(2)](ns), [+/-45/0/90](ns), and [90/0/90/0](ns) deg, where n = 1, 2, 3, or 4. For the APC-P system, only the [+/-45/0/90](ns) deg layup was studied with n = 1 and 4. The effect of specimen size was examined with respect to first-ply failure strain, delamination onset strain, and ultimate stress and strain. In general, the strength of scaled specimens increased with increasing specimen size. Models from the literature were applied to attempt to explain the variations observed. It was found that the effect of pry constraint is not addressed properly in existing theories. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Royal Aerosp Estab, Agcy Def Dev, Farnborough GU14 6TD, Hants, England. Lockheed Martin Engn & Sci Co Inc, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. USA, Res Lab, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Johnson, DP (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, MS 9549, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 36 IS 3 BP 441 EP 447 DI 10.2514/2.384 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA YZ480 UT WOS:000072258300020 ER PT J AU Hoeldtke, NJ Floyd, D Werschkul, JD Calhoun, BC Hume, RF AF Hoeldtke, NJ Floyd, D Werschkul, JD Calhoun, BC Hume, RF TI Intracranial cavernous angioma initially presenting in pregnancy with new-onset seizures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cavernous angioma; seizures; pregnancy; vascular malformation AB A case of an intracranial cavernous angioma, which presented with headaches and seizures in a pregnant patient, is described. Diagnosis was established with magnetic resonance imaging. A computer-assisted literature search uncovered no previously reported case of intracranial cavernous angioma initially presenting during pregnancy. C1 Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Tacoma, WA USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Tacoma, WA USA. RP Hoeldtke, NJ (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Reprod Endocrinol Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 178 IS 3 BP 612 EP 613 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(98)70449-1 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA ZE901 UT WOS:000072843000038 PM 9539536 ER PT J AU Morrissey, MC Harman, EA Frykman, PN Han, KH AF Morrissey, MC Harman, EA Frykman, PN Han, KH TI Early phase differential effects of slow and fast barbell squat training SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID STRENGTH; MUSCLE; POWER; CONTRACTIONS; RELIABILITY; SPECIFICITY AB To examine the importance of resistance training movement speed, two groups of women (24 +/- 4 years, 162 +/- 5 cm, 59 +/- 7 kg) squatted repeatedly at 1) 2 seconds up, 2 seconds down (slow, N = 11); or 2) 1 second up, 1 second down (fast, N = 10), doing three warm-up sets and three eight-repetition maximum sets, three times per week for 7 weeks. Tests included force platform and video analysis of the vertical jump, long jump, and maximum squat, and isometric and isokinetic knee extensor testing at speeds from 25 to 125 deg/sec. The groups improved similarly in many variables with training but also showed some differences. In the long jump, the fast group was superior in numerous variables including knee peak velocity and total-body vertical and absolute power. In the vertical jump, fast training affected the ankle and hip more (e.g., average power), and slow training mostly affected the knee (average torque). in isokinetic testing, the fast group improved strength most at the faster velocities, while the slow group strength changes were consistent across the velocities tested. Although both slow and fast training improved performance, faster training showed some advantages in quantity and magnitude of training effects. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Sargent Coll Allied Hlth Profess, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Harman, EA (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 32 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 26 IS 2 BP 221 EP 230 PG 10 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA ZD693 UT WOS:000072713500011 PM 9548115 ER PT J AU Sumanochitrapon, W Strickman, D Sithiprasasna, R Kittayapong, P Innis, BL AF Sumanochitrapon, W Strickman, D Sithiprasasna, R Kittayapong, P Innis, BL TI Effect of size and geographic origin of Aedes aegypti on oral infection with Dengue-2 virus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; NUTRITION; MOSQUITOS; STRAINS; ALBOPICTUS; LARVAL AB Differences in larval habitats cause variation in the size of Aedes aegypti (L.) adults. We suspected that such size variation was related to the ease with which the mosquitoes could be infected with dengue virus. Using a rearing procedure that produced three distinct size classes of mosquitoes, we determined the percentage of mosquitoes that developed disseminated dengue-2 infection following oral feeding with a suspension containing 3.3 x 10(7) plaque-forming units/ml. Mosquitoes were reared from eggs deposited by females captured in either of two villages in Chachoengsao Province or in Bangkok, Thailand. More of the larger mosquitoes (10.7%) were infected than the medium (5.6%) or small (5.7%) mosquitoes. Mosquitoes from Bangkok were less easily infected (5.0%) than mosquitoes from either of the two villages (8.5% and 10.7%). These results suggest that quantitative risk assessment of dengue transmission may be very difficult unless inoculation rate is measured directly. Also, control procedures that reduce density of larvae in individual containers may exacerbate dengue transmission by creating larger mosquitoes that are more easily infected. C1 Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Kittayapong, P (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 26 TC 54 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 58 IS 3 BP 283 EP 286 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA ZF396 UT WOS:000072893300005 PM 9546404 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JL Gelnett, J Petruccelli, BP Defraites, RF Taylor, DN AF Sanchez, JL Gelnett, J Petruccelli, BP Defraites, RF Taylor, DN TI Diarrheal disease incidence and morbidity among United States military personnel during short-term missions overseas SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; CIPROFLOXACIN; LOPERAMIDE; THAILAND; TROOPS AB Outpatient medical surveillance of U.S. troops was conducted during 11 different overseas missions between 1981 and 1990. In addition, at the end of each of 18 overseas missions during the same period, a sample of troops was queried regarding illnesses and exposures experienced in the preceding time overseas. Diarrhea was among the leading causes of morbidity during all of these short-term missions. Diarrhea incidence rates were found to be highest during summer months, and were higher during missions to Thailand (median = 25%, range = 20-29%), Latin America (median = 26%, range = 1-43%), and northeastern Africa and southwest Asia (median = 19%, range = < 1-52%). Rates were lowest in troops deployed to the Republic of South Korea (median = 16%, range = 8-27%). During April and May 1990, a focused surveillance and questionnaire study was conducted during a five-week, joint U.S.-Thai military training exercise in central Thailand. Among 2,600 U.S. personnel, diarrheal illness was found to be the most common medical problem for troops (estimated cumulative incidence = 29%). Travel outside of the base of operations and consumption of ice were found to be important risk factors. The 10-year database analyzed for this report is the largest, published summary showing the significant impact of diarrheal diseases on U.S. military forces during short-term deployments to less developed areas. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Prevent Med Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, Off Surgeon Gen, Falls Church, VA USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Commun Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Sanchez, JL (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance Directorate, POB 836, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 58 IS 3 BP 299 EP 304 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA ZF396 UT WOS:000072893300007 PM 9546406 ER PT J AU Kornblith, AB Herndon, JE Zuckerman, E Cella, DF Cherin, E Wolchok, S Weiss, RB Diehl, LF Henderson, H Cooper, MR Schiffer, C Canellos, GP Mayer, RJ Silver, RT Schilling, A Peterson, BA Greenberg, D Holland, JC AF Kornblith, AB Herndon, JE Zuckerman, E Cella, DF Cherin, E Wolchok, S Weiss, RB Diehl, LF Henderson, H Cooper, MR Schiffer, C Canellos, GP Mayer, RJ Silver, RT Schilling, A Peterson, BA Greenberg, D Holland, JC CA Canc Leukemia Grp B TI Comparison of psychosocial adaptation of advanced stage Hodgkin's disease and acute leukemia survivors SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptation; adjustment; cancer survivors; Hodgkin's disease; leukemia; quality of life ID BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; BREAST CONSERVING TREATMENT; LONG-TERM SURVIVORS; PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT; CONVENTIONAL CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER SURVIVORS; IMPACT; ADULTS; RISK AB Background. The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term psychosocial adaptation of Hodgkin's disease and adult acute leukemia survivors. Patients and methods: Two hundred seventy-three Hodgkin's disease (HD) and 206 adult acute leukemia (AL) survivors were interviewed by telephone concerning their psychosocial adjustment and problems they attributed to having been treated for cancer, using identical research procedures and a common set of instruments. The following measures were used: Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS); Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI); current Conditioned Nausea and Vomiting triggered by treatment-related stimuli (CNVI); Indices of Employment, Insurance and Sexual Problems Attributed to Cancer; Negative Socioeconomic Impact of Cancer Index (NSI). All participants had been treated on one of nine Hodgkin's disease or 13 acute leukemia Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) clinical trials from 1966-1988. and had been off treatment for one year or more (mean years: HD = 5.9; AL = 5.6). Results. HD survivors' risk of having a high distress score on the BSI was almost twice that found for AL survivors (odds ratio = 1.90), with 21% of HD vs. 14% of AL survivors (P < 0.05) having scores that were 1.5 standard deviations above the norm, suggestive of a possible psychiatric disorder. HD survivors reported greater fatigue (POMS Fatigue, P = 0.01; Vigor Subscales, P = 0.001), greater conditioned nausea (CNVI, P < 0.05), greater impact of cancer on their family life (PAIS Domestic Environment, P = 0.004) and poorer sexual functioning (PAIS Sexual Relationships, P = 0.0001), than AL survivors. Conclusions: Treatment-related issues may have placed HD survivors at a greater risk for problems in long-term adaptation than AL survivors. C1 Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, New York, NY 10021 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, GALGB Stat Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Evanston Hosp Corp, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Univ Denver, Denver, CO USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. VA Western New York Healthcare Syst, Buffalo, NY USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Canc, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Dana Farber Canc Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Cornell Univ, Med Ctr, New York Hosp, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Rhode Isl Hosp, Providence, RI USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Kornblith, AB (reprint author), Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Box 266,1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA31946] NR 54 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 9 IS 3 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1023/A:1008297130258 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA ZW794 UT WOS:000074449000017 PM 9602264 ER PT J AU Fiala, LA Jackson, MR Gillespie, DL O'Donnell, SD Lukens, M Gorman, P AF Fiala, LA Jackson, MR Gillespie, DL O'Donnell, SD Lukens, M Gorman, P TI Primary stenting of atherosclerotic renal artery ostial stenosis SO ANNALS OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the Peripheral-Vascular-Surgical-Society CY MAY 31-JUN 01, 1997 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Peripheral Vasc Surg Soc ID TRANS-LUMINAL ANGIOPLASTY; RENOVASCULAR HYPERTENSION; PALMAZ STENT; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; FOLLOW-UP; PLACEMENT; ULTRASOUND; DISEASE; RESTENOSIS; DEPLOYMENT AB Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for atherosclerotic ostial lesions of the renal arteries has resulted in high restenosis rates. Recent reports of angioplasty with intravascular stenting show improved results over angioplasty alone. The purpose of this study is to review the results of primary stenting of ostial renal artery stenosis at our institution. Twenty one patients (11 men, 10 women, age 63 +/- 11 years), with atherosclerotic renal artery ostial stenosis in association with hypertension or renal insufficiency underwent renal angioplasty with primary stenting during a 2-year period. Medical records were reviewed for indications, technical success, complications, restenosis, response of hypertension and response of renal insufficiency. A technical success was defined as a normal postprocedure arteriogram with no residual stenosis and no residual gradient. Restenosis was defined as greater than or equal to 60% diameter reduction identified by arteriography, or duplex scan demonstrating a renal artery to aortic ratio of greater than or equal to 3.5. Thirty-three stents were placed in 25 arteries with four patients having bilateral procedures. All patients were hypertensive. Nine patients (43%) had chronic renal insufficiency (creatinine greater than or equal to 1.5 mg/dl). One patient was on hemodialysis. The immediate technical success rate was 95%. Six complications occurred in four patients (two pseudoaneurysms, two dissections requiring additional stents, renal failure, and atheroembolization). Mean arterial blood pressure improved from 117 +/- 13.4 to 103 +/- 12.8 mmHg (p = 0.002) after stenting. Serum creatinine levels decreased from 1.48 +/- 0.57 to 1.31, 0.41 (p = 0.07). Eight patients developed restenosis. The mean follow up was 13 +/- 7 months. Life table analysis showed a cumulative restenosis rate of 65 +/- 18% at 24 months. We advise caution in the application of renal stenting for the treatment of ostial lesions, particularly in patients for whom standard surgical revascularization options are available. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Vasc Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Gillespie, DL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Vasc Surg Serv, 6800 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 33 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0890-5096 J9 ANN VASC SURG JI Ann. Vasc. Surg. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 12 IS 2 BP 128 EP 133 DI 10.1007/s100169900128 PG 6 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YY256 UT WOS:000072128900006 PM 9514229 ER PT J AU Drabick, JJ Bhattacharjee, AK Hoover, DL Siber, GE Morales, VE Young, LD Brown, SL Cross, AS AF Drabick, JJ Bhattacharjee, AK Hoover, DL Siber, GE Morales, VE Young, LD Brown, SL Cross, AS TI Covalent polymyxin B conjugate with human immunoglobulin G as an antiendotoxin reagent SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENDOTOXIN; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; BACTEREMIA; PROTEIN; BINDING; SEPSIS; MODEL AB Polymyxin B (PMB) is a cyclic decapeptide antibiotic which also binds and neutralizes endotoxin. Unfortunately, PMB can be considerably nephrotoxic at clinically utilized doses, thereby limiting its utility as a therapeutic antiendotoxin reagent. We sought to change the pharmacokinetics and toxicity profile of PMB by covalently linking it to a human immunoglobulin G (IgG) carrier. Conjugates of PMB with IgG were prepared by EDAC [1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide]-mediated amide formation. Analysis by dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with an anti-PMB monoclonal antibody showed that the purified conjugate contained bound PMB. The IgG-PMB conjugate reacted with lipid A and J5 lipopolysaccharide in Western blot assays in a manner comparable to that of whole antiserum with anti-lipid A reactivity; unconjugated IgG had no reactivity. The PMB bound in the conjugate retained its endotoxin-neutralizing activity compared to that of unbound PMB as evidenced by its dose-dependent inhibition of tumor necrosis factor release by endotoxin-stimulated human monocytes in vitro; unconjugated IgG had no activity. By this assay, the PMB-IgG conjugate was determined to have approximately 3.0 mu g of bound functional PMB per 100 mu g of total protein of conjugate (five molecules of PMB per IgG molecule). The PMB-IgG conjugate was also bactericidal against clinical strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae relative to unconjugated IgG with MBCs of <4 mu g of conjugate per ml for each of the tested strains. The conjugate appeared to be nontoxic at the highest doses deliverable and provided statistically significant protection from death to galactosamine-sensitized, lipopolysaccharide-challenged mice in a dose-dependent fashion when administered prophylactically 2 h before challenge. However, neither free PMB nor the PMB-IgG conjugate could protect mice challenged with endotoxin 2 h after administration. This suggests that these reagents can play a role in prophylaxis but not in therapy of sepsis. These experiments demonstrated that the PMB-IgG conjugate retains bound yet functional PMB as evidenced by its endotoxin-neutralizing activity both in vitro and in vivo. Further work is required to define the role that this or related conjugate compounds may play in the prophylaxis of endotoxin-mediated disease. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Hematol Oncol Serv, Dept Bacterial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wyeth Lederle Vaccines & Pediat, Pearl River, NY 10965 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Microbiol Sect, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Clin Lab Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Program Oncol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Drabick, JJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Hematol Oncol Serv, Dept Bacterial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM jdrabino@aol.com NR 34 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 42 IS 3 BP 583 EP 588 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YZ945 UT WOS:000072311000016 PM 9517936 ER PT J AU Byrne, WR Welkos, SL Pitt, ML Davis, KJ Brueckner, RP Ezzell, JW Nelson, GO Vaccaro, JR Battersby, LC Friedlander, AM AF Byrne, WR Welkos, SL Pitt, ML Davis, KJ Brueckner, RP Ezzell, JW Nelson, GO Vaccaro, JR Battersby, LC Friedlander, AM TI Antibiotic treatment of experimental pneumonic plague in mice SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID YERSINIA-PESTIS INFECTION; IN-VITRO; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; ENDOTOXIN RELEASE; AMINOGLYCOSIDES; BACTERIA; STRAINS; THERAPY AB A mouse model was developed to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic treatment of pneumonic plague; streptomycin was compared to antibiotics with which there is little or no clinical experience. Infection was induced by inhalation of aerosolized Yersinia pestis organisms. Antibiotics were administered by intraperitoneal injection every 6 hours for 5 days, at doses that produced levels of drug in serum comparable to those observed in humans treated for other serious infections. These studies compared in vitro to in vivo activity and evaluated the efficacy of antibiotics started at different times after exposure. Early treatment (started 24 h after challenge, when 0 of 10 mice tested hid positive blood cultures) with netilmicin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, aztreonam, ampicillin, and rifampin (but not cefazolin, cefotetan, or ceftizoxime) demonstrated efficacy comparable to streptomycin. Late treatment (started 42 h after exposure, when five of five mice tested had positive blood cultures) with netilmicin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and a high dose (20 mg/kg of body weight every 6 h) of gentamicin produced survival rates comparable to that with streptomycin, while all of the beta-lactam antibiotics (cefazolin, cefotetan, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, aztreonam, and ampicillin) and rifampin were significantly inferior to streptomycin. In fact, all groups of mice treated late with beta-lactam antibiotics experienced accelerated mortality rates compared to normal-saline-treated control mice. These studies indicate that netilmicin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin may be alternatives for the treatment Of pneumonic plague in humans. However, the beta-lactam antibiotics are not recommended, based upon poor efficacy in this mouse model of pneumonic plague, particularly when pneumonic plague may be associated with bacteremia. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, MCMR UIB G, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Byrne, WR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, MCMR UIB G, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM ByrneWR@DETRICK.Army.Mil NR 46 TC 53 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 42 IS 3 BP 675 EP 681 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YZ945 UT WOS:000072311000030 PM 9517950 ER PT J AU Farchaus, JW Ribot, WJ Jendrek, S Little, SF AF Farchaus, JW Ribot, WJ Jendrek, S Little, SF TI Fermentation, purification, and characterization of protective antigen from a recombinant, avirulent strain of Bacillus anthracis SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ADENYLATE-CYCLASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SPORE CHALLENGE; GUINEA-PIGS; FACTOR GENE; TOXIN; EXPRESSION; CLONING AB Bacillus anthracis, the etiologic agent for anthrax, produces two bipartite, AB-type exotoxins, edema toxin and lethal toxin, The B subunit of both exotoxins is an M-r 83,000 protein termed protective antigen (PA), The human anthrax vaccine currently licensed for use in the United States consists primarily of this protein adsorbed onto aluminum oxyhydroxide, This report describes the production of PA from a recombinant, asporogenic, nontoxigenic, and nonencapsulated host strain of B, anthracis and the subsequent purification and characterization of the protein product, Fermentation in a high-tryptone, high-yeast-extract medium under nonlimiting aeration produced 20 to 30 mg of secreted PA per liter, Secreted protease activity under these fermentation conditions was low and was inhibited more than 95% by the addition of EDTA, A purity of 88 to 93% was achieved for PA by diafiltration and anion-exchange chromatography, while greater than 95% final purity was achieved with an additional hydrophobic interaction chromatography step, The purity of the PA product was characterized by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-capillary electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, native gel electrophoresis, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, The biological activity of the PA, when combined with excess lethal factor in the macrophage cell lysis assay, was comparable to previously reported values. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Farchaus, JW (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM dr._joseph_farchaus@ftdetrck-ccmail.army.mil NR 50 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 64 IS 3 BP 982 EP 991 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA YZ798 UT WOS:000072292700026 PM 9501438 ER PT J AU Andreas, EL Hill, RJ Gosz, JR Moore, DI Otto, WD Sarma, AD AF Andreas, EL Hill, RJ Gosz, JR Moore, DI Otto, WD Sarma, AD TI Statistics of surface-layer turbulence over terrain with metre-scale heterogeneity SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bowen ratio; heterogeneous terrain; Monin-Obukhov similarity; skewness of temperature; sonic anemometer/thermometer; statistics of turbulence ID SONIC ANEMOMETER; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SENSIBLE HEAT; URBAN SURFACE; WATER-VAPOR; TEMPERATURE; SIMILARITY; FLUX; MOMENTUM; FLUCTUATIONS AB The Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge has patchy vegetation in sandy soil. During midday and at night, the surface sources and sinks for heat and moisture may thus be different. Although the Sevilleta is broad and level, its metre-scale heterogeneity could therefore violate an assumption on which Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) relies. To test the applicability of MOST in such a setting, we measured the standard deviations of vertical (sigma(w)) and longitudinal velocity (sigma(u)), temperature (sigma(t)), and humidity (sigma(q)), the temperature-humidity covariance (<(tq)over bar>), and the temperature skewness (St). Dividing the former five quantities by the appropriate flux scales (u*, t*, and q*) yielded the nondimensional statistics sigma(w)/u*, sigma(u)/u*, sigma(t)//t*/, sigma(q)//q*/, and <(tq)over bar>/t*q*, sigma(w)/u*, sigma(t)//t*/, and St have magnitudes and variations with stability similar to those reported in the literature and, thus, seem to obey MOST. Though sigma(u)/u* is often presumed not to obey MOST, our sigma u/u*, data also agree with MOST scaling arguments. While sigma(q)//q*/ has the same dependence on stability as sigma(t)//t*/, its magnitude is 28% larger When we ignore <(tq)over bar>/t*q* values measured during sunrise and sunset transitions - when MOST is not expected to apply - this statistic has essentially the same magnitude and stability dependence as (sigma(t)/t*)(2). In a flow that truly obeys MOST, (sigma(t)/t*)(2), (sigma(q)/q*)(2), and <(tq)over bar>/t*q* should all have the same functional form. That (sigma(q)/q*)(2) differs from the other two suggests that the Sevilleta has an interesting surface not compatible with MOST. The sources of humidity reflect the patchiness while, despite the patchiness, the sources of heat seem uniformly distributed. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Osmania Univ, R&T Unit Navigat Elect, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Andreas, EL (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 49 TC 77 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 86 IS 3 BP 379 EP 408 DI 10.1023/A:1000609131683 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ZR367 UT WOS:000073967500002 ER PT J AU Andreas, EL Hill, RJ Gosz, JR Moore, DI Otto, WD Sarma, AD AF Andreas, EL Hill, RJ Gosz, JR Moore, DI Otto, WD Sarma, AD TI Stability dependence of the eddy-accumulation coefficients for momentum and scalars SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE eddy-accumulation coefficients; eddy-accumulation method; flux-measurement techniques; momentum flux; scalar flux; sonic anemometer/thermometer ID FLUX MEASUREMENT; PROBABILITY DENSITY; SURFACE-LAYER; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEM AB From a set of turbulence data collected with a three-axis sonic anemometer/thermometer and described in a companion paper, we simulate the eddy-accumulation process for sensible heat and momentum fluxes. The resulting eddy-accumulation coefficient for momentum clearly depends on surface-layer stability; at neutral stability, its value is 0.63. On supplementing the scalar eddy-accumulation coefficients that we derive from our sensible heat flux data with values of sensible and latent heat flux coefficients reported by Businger and Oncley, we also find that scalar eddy-accumulation coefficients depend on stability though more weakly than does the momentum coefficient. The coefficients for sensible and latent heat show no significant difference; we, thus, fit them with one function of stability whose value is 0.52 for neutral stratification. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Osmania Univ, R&T Unit Navigat Elect, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Andreas, EL (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 86 IS 3 BP 409 EP 420 DI 10.1023/A:1000625502550 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ZR367 UT WOS:000073967500003 ER PT J AU Kalvass, PE Hendrix, JM Law, PM AF Kalvass, PE Hendrix, JM Law, PM TI Experimental analysis of 3 internal marking methods for Red Sea urchins SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article ID SAN-NICOLAS-ISLAND; STRONGYLOCENTROTUS-FRANCISCANUS; PHOTOPERIODIC REGULATION; CALIFORNIA; GROWTH; GAMETOGENESIS; PURPURATUS; MORTALITY AB Red sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, mark loss, mortality, and growth rates were compared among combinations of 3 marking methods: coded-wire tag (CWT), passive integrated transponder (PIT), and tetracycline (8 chemical mark). Red sea urchins ranging in size from 12 to 89 mm test diameter were collected from the subtidal zone near Fort Bragg, California and held in a closed, recirculating seawater system for up to 205 days. Growth measurements were made at 93 and 205 days. Overall CWT loss rate was 17.6%; PIT loss was 10.0%. Mortality was 5.0%, with no significant difference among treatments. Growth, as measured by final test diameters adjusted for initial sizes by regression, was not significantly different among marking methods for the first 93-day period. For the entire 205-day period, adjusted mean test size differed significantly among marking methods. Mean test diameter growth ranged from 6.2 to 6.6 mm after 93 days and 8.0 to 11.5 mm after 205 days; 69% of the mean gonadosomatic index increase occurred by 93 days. Back-calculated growth rate of tetracycline-marked urchins after 205 days was 80% of their directly measured growth rate. C1 Calif Dept Fish & Game, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. RP Kalvass, PE (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Game, 19160 S Harbor Dr, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SPR PY 1998 VL 84 IS 2 BP 88 EP 99 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 141NM UT WOS:000077150100003 ER PT J AU Brannon, JM Price, CB Hayes, C AF Brannon, JM Price, CB Hayes, C TI Abiotic transformation of TNT in montmorillonite and soil suspensions under reducing conditions SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID COVALENT BINDING; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; ADSORPTION; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; REDUCTION; ANILINE AB Abiotic reduction of nitrobenzenes by Fe(+2) adsorbed to various surfaces has been demonstrated by others. The objective of this study was to describe abiotic TNT transformation as a function of pH and confirm the possibility of an abiotic Fe(+2) reduction pathway in reduced soils. Effects of pH on abiotic transformations of TNT were examined in buffered batch tests with montmorillonite and Fe(+2). Results indicated that TNT was rapidly reduced under abiotic conditions, with the rate of reduction highest at pH 8. Mass balance experiments indicated that unextractable or unknown transformation products were produced. Suppression of the abiotic Fe(+2) reduction mechanism in anaerobic soil by complexing Fe(+2) with EDTA demonstrated the presence of the pathway in a soil. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39181 USA. AScI Corp, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Brannon, JM (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39181 USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 1998 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1453 EP 1462 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)10037-6 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YY443 UT WOS:000072147100020 ER PT J AU Danby, CA Adebonojo, SA Moritz, DM AF Danby, CA Adebonojo, SA Moritz, DM TI Video-assisted talc pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusions utilizing local anesthesia and IV sedation SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE local anesthesia; malignant pleural effusion; talc pleurodesis; video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) ID THORACIC-SURGERY AB Methods: Twenty-four consecutive patients aged 36 to 84 rears (mean, 63.3+/-12.9 years) underwent video-assisted talc pleurodesis (VATP) for malignant pleural effusion (MPE) utilizing local anesthesia with IV sedation at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center. The VATP procedure was pet-formed in the operating room with the patient in the lateral decubitus position breathing spontaneously through a face mask with 4 L/min of oxygen. Anesthesia was achieved by intel costal nerve block using a 50/50 mixture of 1% lidocaine with epinephrine and 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride (Marcaine) supplemented with local infiltration of the access (Surgi-port) sites as necessary. Sedation was achieved with propofol, and pleurodesis was performed with 3 to 8 g (average, 5 g) of sterile talc insufflated through a talc atomizer. Results: The mean operating time was 44.3+/-14.9 min (range, 23 to 75 min). The average number of days of chest tube drainage was 2.9+/-1.2 days (range, 1 to 5 days). Patients stayed on the cardiothoracic ward for an average of 4.4+/-1.3 days before discharge home or transfer to a medical oncology ward. Seventeen of the 24 patients (71%) had excellent results, 4 patients (17%) had good results, and 3 patients (12%) had poor results. The three patients with poor results all had primary lung cancer as their underlying malignancy. The overall actuarial survival was 66% at 6 months, 48% at 12 months, and 32% at 24 months with a mean survival of 9 months. There was one operative death in an 84-year-old patient with primary lung cancer. Twelve of the 24 patients are alive 4 to 30 months after VATP. Conclusions: VATP, performed under local anesthesia, is a safe and highly effective method of managing MPE. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Cardiothorac Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Moritz, DM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Cardiothorac Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 17 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD MAR PY 1998 VL 113 IS 3 BP 739 EP 742 DI 10.1378/chest.113.3.739 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA ZB867 UT WOS:000072516000031 PM 9515851 ER PT J AU Rosen, LN Martin, L AF Rosen, LN Martin, L TI Long-term effects of childhood maltreatment history on gender-related personality characteristics SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE childhood maltreatment; gender; personality; US Army soldiers ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; SEXUAL ABUSE; PHYSICAL ABUSE; RISK-FACTORS; VICTIMIZATION; WOMEN; ADJUSTMENT; CONSEQUENCES; PREVALENCE; ATTRIBUTES AB Objective: The aim of the study was to rest the hypothesis that different types of gender-related personality attributes are associated with a past history of different types of childhood maltreatment. Method: A survey was administered to 1,060 male soldiers and 305 female soldiers in the U.S. Army. The survey instrument included the Extended Personal Attributes Questionnaire (EPAQ) which is a self-assessment instrument of personality characteristics associated with gender, and includes measures of positive masculinity (self-assertive/instrumental traits), positive femininity (expressive/interpersonal traits), negative masculinity (hyper masculine/macho traits), and negative femininity (subordination of self to others). The survey instrument also included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), which contains scales measuring sexual abuse, physical-emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect, and four questions on childhood sexual abuse developed for a national survey of U.S. adults. Results: Negative masculinity was predicted by male gender, younger age, and childhood physical-emotional abuse. Negative femininity was predicted by physical-emotional abuse and sexual abuse. The relationship to sexual abuse was mainly evident for males. Positive femininity was positively correlated with sexual abuse for females and negatively correlated with sexual abuse for males. Positive masculinity was negatively correlated with emotional neglect for males but not for females. Positive femininity was negatively correlated with emotional neglect for both genders. Conclusions: Childhood abuse was associated with the presence of negative gender-related attributes; childhood neglect was associated with absence of positive gender-related attributes. Childhood physical abuse was associated with negative masculine attributes in both genders. Childhood sexual abuse was associated with positive feminine attributes in females, and negative feminine attributes in males. The finding for females is counterintuitive, and is discussed in the light of the clinical literature on certain types of adaptation to incest. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mil Psychiat, Div Neuropsychiat,A,UWI,MCMR, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Rosen, LN (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mil Psychiat, Div Neuropsychiat,A,UWI,MCMR, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 22 IS 3 BP 197 EP 211 DI 10.1016/S0145-2134(97)00171-3 PG 15 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA ZC021 UT WOS:000072531600004 PM 9589174 ER PT J AU Eckhardt, SG Baker, SD Eckardt, JR Burke, TG Warner, DL Kuhn, JG Rodriguez, G Fields, S Thurman, A Smith, L Rothenberg, ML White, L Wissel, P Kunka, R DePee, S Littlefield, D Burris, HA Von Hoff, DD Rowinsky, EK AF Eckhardt, SG Baker, SD Eckardt, JR Burke, TG Warner, DL Kuhn, JG Rodriguez, G Fields, S Thurman, A Smith, L Rothenberg, ML White, L Wissel, P Kunka, R DePee, S Littlefield, D Burris, HA Von Hoff, DD Rowinsky, EK TI Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of GI147211, a water-soluble camptothecin analogue, administered for five consecutive days every three weeks SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INHIBITOR; NSC-100880; TOPOTECAN; TRIAL AB GI147211 is a 7-substituted 10,11-ethylenedioxy-20(S)-camptothecin analogue that inhibits the nuclear enzyme topoisomerase I, In this Phase I and pharmacological study, 24 patients with advanced solid malignancies received a total of 72 courses of GI147211 as a 30-min infusion daily for 5 consecutive days, at doses ranging from 0.3 to 1.75 mg/m(2)/day, Severe neutropenia precluded dose escalation above 1.5 mg/m(2)/day in minimally pretreated patients, and both severe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were dose limiting in heavily pretreated patients at doses above 1.0 mg/m(2)/day, These doses are, therefore, recommended for subsequent Phase II evaluations of GI147211 in patients with comparable prior therapy, Nonhematological toxicities, including nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and anorexia, were mild to moderate. The disposition of GI147211 in blood was described by a linear three-compartment model, with renal elimination accounting for only 11% of drug distribution. No relationship was observed between the pharmacological exposure to GI147211 and effects on neutrophils; however, patients who developed dose-limiting myelosuppression did experience greater exposure to both the lactone and total forms of the drug, The hydrolysis kinetics of GI147211 revealed not only a shift of the drug to the inactive carboxylate form in human serum albumin but also stabilization of the lactone in erythrocytes, perhaps accounting for the observed lactone:total area under the concentration-time curve ratio of 0.27, These results indicate that GI147211 exhibits predictable toxicities and that further studies are warranted to determine the distinct role of this compound among currently available camptothecin analogues. C1 Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Kentucky, Coll Pharm, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Div Oncol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. Glaxo Wellcome Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Eckhardt, SG (reprint author), Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, 8122 Datapoint Dr,Suite 700, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA63653] NR 18 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 595 EP 604 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA ZC038 UT WOS:000072533300009 PM 9533526 ER PT J AU Liossis, SNC Via, CS Tsokos, GC AF Liossis, SNC Via, CS Tsokos, GC TI The alter ego of heat shock proteins SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID VERSUS-HOST DISEASE; APOPTOSIS C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Physiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Div Clin Immunol & Rheumatol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Baltimore VA Med Ctr, Res Serv, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Physiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM gtsokos@usa.net NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-1229 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 86 IS 3 BP 235 EP 236 DI 10.1006/clin.1997.4482 PG 2 WC Immunology; Pathology SC Immunology; Pathology GA ZJ023 UT WOS:000073171800001 PM 9557155 ER PT J AU Oldfield, EC Fessel, WJ Dunne, MW Dickinson, G Wallace, MR Byrne, W Chung, R Wagner, KF Paparello, SF Craig, DB Melcher, G Zajdowicz, M Williams, RF Kelly, JW Zelasky, M Heifets, LB Berman, JD AF Oldfield, EC Fessel, WJ Dunne, MW Dickinson, G Wallace, MR Byrne, W Chung, R Wagner, KF Paparello, SF Craig, DB Melcher, G Zajdowicz, M Williams, RF Kelly, JW Zelasky, M Heifets, LB Berman, JD TI Once weekly azithromycin therapy for prevention of Mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with AIDS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CLARITHROMYCIN; PROPHYLAXIS; BACTEREMIA; SURVIVAL; RIFABUTIN; RESISTANT; DISEASE; IMPACT AB We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial of azithromycin (1,200 mg once weekly) for the prevention of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection in patients with AIDS and a CD4 cell count of <100/mm(3), In an intent-to-treat analysis through the end of therapy plus 30 days, nine (10.6%) of 85 azithromycin recipients and 22 (24.7%) of 89 placebo recipients developed MAC infection (hazard ratio, 0.34; P = .004), There was no difference in the ranges of minimal inhibitory concentrations of either clarithromycin or azithromycin for the five breakthrough (first) MAC isolates from the azithromycin group and the 18 breakthrough MAC isolates from the placebo group, Of the 76 patients who died during the study, four (10.5%) of 38 azithromycin recipients and 12 (31.6%) of 38 placebo recipients had a MAC infection followed by death (P = .025), For deaths due to all causes, there was no difference in time to death or number of deaths between the two groups, Episodes of non-MAC bacterial infection per 100 patient years occurred in 43 azithromycin recipients and 88 placebo recipients (relative risk, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.73), The most common toxic effect noted during the study was gastrointestinal, reported by 78.9% of azithromycin recipients and 27.5% of placebo recipients, Azithromycin given once weekly is safe and effective in preventing disseminated MAC infection, death due to MAC infection, and respiratory tract infections in patients with AIDS and CD4 cell counts of <100/mm(3). C1 USN Hosp, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco, CA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Miami, FL 33125 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Mil Med Consortium Appl Retroviral Res, Washington, DC USA. Fitzsimons Army Med Ctr, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. Natl Jewish Ctr Immunol & Resp Med, Denver, CO 80206 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, Dwight D Eisenhower Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Pfizer Inc, Pfizer Cent Res, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RP Oldfield, EC (reprint author), Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, 825 Fairfax Ave, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. NR 26 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 26 IS 3 BP 611 EP 619 DI 10.1086/514566 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YZ745 UT WOS:000072287400012 PM 9524832 ER PT J AU Weedn, VW AF Weedn, VW TI Postmortem identification of remains SO CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Forensic pathologists must identify the bodies and remains falling under their purview in the normal course of death investigation and death certification. Accurate identification is critical and can at times be daunting challenge, especially in mass disaster situations. Many methods can be employed from various scientific disciplines and otherwise, resulting in positive or presumptive identification. Then, proper identification must be maintained and supported where challenged. C1 USA, Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, Washington, DC USA. RP Weedn, VW (reprint author), Alabama Dept Forens Sci, Birmingham Reg Crime Lab, 1001 13th St S, Birmingham, AL 35255 USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-2712 J9 CLIN LAB MED JI Clin. Lab. Med. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 18 IS 1 BP 115 EP + PG 23 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA ZA784 UT WOS:000072401400009 PM 9523068 ER PT J AU Moore, PK Petzold, LR Ren, Y AF Moore, PK Petzold, LR Ren, Y TI Regularization of index-1 differential-algebraic equations with rank-deficient constraints SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE differential-algebraic equations; regularization; singularity; rank-deficient ID IMPASSE POINTS; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; STABILITY AB In this paper, we present a regularization for semiexplicit index-1 differential-algebraic equations with rank-deficient or singular constraints. We consider those problems for which the solution is well defined through the singularity. We give convergence results for the regularization applied to linear DAEs, and present some numerical experiments which illustrate its effectiveness. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Math, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Bath, Sch Math Sci, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. RP Moore, PK (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Math, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 35 IS 5 BP 43 EP 61 DI 10.1016/S0898-1221(98)00004-2 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA ZA675 UT WOS:000072389800004 ER PT J AU Carpenter, CB Jaax, GP Agee, WJ Wise, EC AF Carpenter, CB Jaax, GP Agee, WJ Wise, EC TI A novel ventilated transport container for transporting laboratory animals SO CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB A novel ventilated transport container was developed to allow safe transport of laboratory animals among biocontainment areas, conventional animal holding areas, or laboratories, This specialized device allowed simultaneous transport and concurrent isolation of 2 unanesthetized nonhuman primates carried in standard transport boxes as the primary enclosure, Its use substantially reduced the risk to the primates by eliminating the need for anesthesia during transport between containment areas and, additionally improved the margin of safety during transport. The device was easily decontaminated and was also appropriate to transport other small laboratory animals between biocontainment areas. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Vet Med Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Logist Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Carpenter, CB (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Vet Med Div, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CORDOVA PA 70 TIMBERCREEK DR, SUITE 5, CORDOVA, TN 38018 USA SN 1060-0558 J9 CONTEMP TOP LAB ANIM JI Contemp. Top. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 37 IS 2 BP 69 EP 70 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA ZD396 UT WOS:000072681000009 PM 12456173 ER PT J AU Hachey, WE Eyal, FG Curtet-Eyal, NL Kellum, FE AF Hachey, WE Eyal, FG Curtet-Eyal, NL Kellum, FE TI High-frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation in a piglet model of early meconium aspiration SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Pediatric-Research CY MAY 02-05, 1994 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Soc Pediat Res DE meconium aspiration; high-frequency positive-pressure ventilation; high-frequency oscillatory ventilation; high-frequency ventilation; pulmonary function; infant; neonate; mechanical ventilators; ventilators; pulmonary; lung diseases; lung; porcine ID PRESSURE-VOLUME CURVES; JET VENTILATION; PULMONARY; FAILURE; PEEP AB Objective: To compare the cardiopulmonary effects of high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFO) and conventional ventilation (CV) in a piglet model of meconium aspiration syndrome, Design: Prospective, randomized control study, Subjects: Piglets 1 to 2 wks of age, Interventions: Meconium aspiration was induced in 30 piglets, They were then randomized to CV, HFO at 10 Hz, or HFO at 15 Hz, Measurements and Main Results: Arterial blood gas, and systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics were measured serially, Airway opening pressure (P-Flex), static lung compliance (Crs), and trapped gas volume (TGV) were derived, Meconium instillation produced similar stable decreases in Crs (6.7 +/- 0.7 [SEM] to 4.7 +/- 0.4 mL/cm) and increases in pulmonary vascular resistance (68 +/- 6.4 vs, 91.9 +/- 8.5 mm Hg/mL/kg/min). A greater proportion of animals (40%, p < .007) remained hypercarbic during HFO at 15 Hz. Oxygenation indices were similar for all groups, In regards to high frequency support, both power and Delta P were higher in the HFO at 15 Hz group (p < .001), When compared with both CV and HFO at 10 Hz, the TGV in the HFO at 15 Hz group was significantly higher following randomization to ventilator type. P-Flex was also great est in the 15 Hz group, followed by the 10 Hz group and the CV group, Higher airway opening pressures, given identical compliance suggest that HFO at 15 Hz resulted in greater large airway obstruction, With HFO's inherent low tidal volumes, progression of meconium to the distal airways may be delayed, Conclusions: Early institution of HFO at 15 Hz in meconium aspiration may exacerbate air trapping, HFO at lower rates may be the optimal method of respiratory support in meconium aspiration syndrome, HFO may extend the window of time available for removal of meconium. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ S Alabama, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, Dept Neonatol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Hachey, WE (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Neonatol Sect, MCHK PE, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 26 IS 3 BP 556 EP 561 DI 10.1097/00003246-199803000-00031 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZA628 UT WOS:000072384100028 PM 9504586 ER PT J AU Huff, DR Palazzo, AJ AF Huff, DR Palazzo, AJ TI Fine fescue species determination by laser flow cytometry SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FESTUCA; POACEAE AB The close morphological resemblance among fine fescues (Festuca spp.) makes identification and classification of species a difficult problem for turfgrass and taxonomic scientists. Determining ploidy level has become a major taxonomic tool for identifying species of fine fescues. The present study used laser flow cytometry to determine ploidy levels of 48 fine fescue populations (accessions) and thereby infer species classification based on observed and previously reported chromosome numbers. The 10 species of fine fescues examined were strong creeping red fescue (F. rubra L. spp. rubra), slender creeping red fescue (F. rubra ver, littoralis Vasey), Chewings fescue [F. rubra ssp. fallax (Thuill.) Nyman], hard fescue (F. brevipila Tracey), sheep fescue [F. ovina L. ssp. hirtula (Hackel ex Travis) Wilkinson], hair fescue (F. filiformis Pourret), false sheep fescue (F. pseudovina Hackel ex Wiesb), alpine fescue (F. brachyphylla Schultes), bluebunch fescue (F. idahoensis Ebner), and tundra fescue (F. lenensis Drobov). Significant differences were observed between species (P < 0.01) and among populations within species (P < 0.05). DNA content among the 10 species was observed to be highly positively correlated with observed or reported chromosome numbers (r = 0.97, n = 10, P < 0.01). Linear regression analysis (Y = 2.1 + 0.23 X) predicted 2C DNA content values for each of the four ploidy levels to be 5.31 pg for diploids (2n = 2x = 14), 8.53 pg for tetraploids (2n = 4x = 28), 11.75 pg for hexaploids (2n = 6x = 42), and 14.98 pg for octoploids (2n = 8x = 56). The observations and results of the present study are consistent,vith current taxonomic treatments of hard and sheep fescue species as web as the other fine fescue species examined. The information presented should aid breeders in accurately and easily determining primary breeding germplasm with respect to ploidy levels. It may also enable the turfgrass industry to define reliably seed products and the plant collector to begin to assign native and/or naturalized accessions to their proper species categories. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Agron, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Huff, DR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Agron, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 34 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 445 EP 450 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ZL814 UT WOS:000073474200029 ER PT J AU Miller, SD McCollough, ML DeNapoli, T AF Miller, SD McCollough, ML DeNapoli, T TI Periductal mastitis - Masquerading as carcinoma SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID DUCT ECTASIA; BREAST AB Periductal mastitis (mammary duct ectasia) is a little appreciated, often unrecognized entity that may present to the dermatologist. We present our experience with this disease and hope to familiarize the reader with a condition not well known to most dermatologists. Periductal mastitis is a benign mammary duct disease that begins with periductal inflammation and progresses to ductal dilatation with minimal inflammation (ductal ectasia). The clinical and radiographic appearance of this disease can be indistinguishable from carcinoma of the breast. (C) 1998 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Santa Rosa Hosp, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP McCollough, ML (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 24 IS 3 BP 383 EP 385 PG 3 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA ZD729 UT WOS:000072717600015 PM 9537016 ER PT J AU Roebuck, BD Nam, SI MacMillan, DL Baumgartner, KJ Walsh, ME AF Roebuck, BD Nam, SI MacMillan, DL Baumgartner, KJ Walsh, ME TI Toxicology of white phosphorus (P-4) to ducks and risk for their predators: Effects of particle size SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE white phosphorus; yellow phosphorus; ducks; toxicity; particulate ID SALT-MARSH; EXPOSURE; WATERFOWL; SEDIMENTS; BIRDS AB Particles of white phosphorus (P-4) in pond sediments at Eagle River Flats, Alaska, USA, a military artillery range are acutely toxic to dabbling ducks and swans. We determined if toxicity of P-4 to ducks varied by its form (i.e., dissolved or particulate) or particulate size. Residual P-4 in the digestive tracts of ducks was measured to assess risks posed to predators and scavengers of ducks. Farm-reared mallards were treated with 12 mg P-4/kg body weight, either dissolved in oil, or as numerous small, or one to two large particles. At the first major convulsion, ducks were euthanized and the quantity and location of P-4 in the digestive tract were determined. These data were compared to data from dead ducks collected from the artillery range. Dissolved, small, or large particles of P-4 produced similar acute toxicity. Residual P-4 in digestive tracts was greatest in ducks treated with small particles and was as great as 3.5 mg P-4. Similar quantities of residual P-4 were found in dead ducks collected at Eagle River Flats. For dabbling ducks, P-4 particle size is not as important as the dose ingested. For predators, the P-4 contents of the entire digestive tract is important for assessment of the risk of poisoning. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Roebuck, BD (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 17 IS 3 BP 511 EP 518 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1998)017<0511:TOWPPT>2.3.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA YZ916 UT WOS:000072307500023 ER PT J AU Birk, A Kooker, DE AF Birk, A Kooker, DE TI A ballistic compressor-based experiment for the visualization of liquid propellant jet combustion above 100 MPa SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID SPRAYS AB This paper describes the components and operation of an experimental setup for the visualization of liquid propellant (LP) jet combustion at pressures above 100 MPa. The apparatus consists of an in-line ballistic compressor and LP injector. The ballistic compressor, based on a modified 76 mm gun, provides high-pressure (ca. 55 MPa) clear hot gas for the jet ignition. A piston (projectile) is fired toward a test chamber beyond the barrel's end, and its rebound is arrested in a transition section that seals the test chamber to the barrel. The LP jet is injected once the piston is restrained, and combustion of the jet further elevates the pressure. At a preset pressure, a disc in the piston ruptures and the combustion gas vents sonically into the barrel. If a monopropellant is used, the jet injection-combustion process then resembles liquid rocket combustion but at very high pressures (ca. 140 MPa). This paper discusses the ballistics of the compression and compares experimental results to those predicted by a numerical model of the apparatus. Experimentally, a pressure of 70 MPa was achieved upon a 12.5 volumetric compression factor by firing a 10 kg piston into 1.04 MPa argon using a charge of 75 g of small-grain M1 propellant. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Birk, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD MAR PY 1998 VL 24 IS 3 BP 185 EP 191 DI 10.1007/s003480050165 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA ZG599 UT WOS:000073019800001 ER PT J AU Vuono, CE Saint, CE AF Vuono, CE Saint, CE TI Final shots SO FOREIGN AFFAIRS LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Vuono, CE (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COUNC FOREIGN RELAT INC PI NEW YORK PA 58 E 68TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0015-7120 J9 FOREIGN AFF JI Foreign Aff. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 77 IS 2 BP 185 EP 185 DI 10.2307/20048865 PG 1 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA ZA274 UT WOS:000072346900086 ER PT J AU Dowling, JP AF Dowling, JP TI Asim Barut: A personal tribute SO FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command Missile Res Dev & Engn Ct, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Dowling, JP (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command Missile Res Dev & Engn Ct, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RI DOWLING, JONATHAN/L-2749-2013 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0015-9018 J9 FOUND PHYS JI Found. Phys. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 28 IS 3 BP 357 EP 359 DI 10.1023/A:1018751625175 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ZW956 UT WOS:000074465900002 ER PT J AU Pelton, DK Levine, SN Braner, M AF Pelton, DK Levine, SN Braner, M TI Measurements of phosphorus uptake by macrophytes and epiphytes from the LaPlatte river (VT) using P-32 in stream microcosms SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POTAMOGETON-PECTINATUS L; AQUATIC MACROPHYTES; FRESH-WATER; SEDIMENT; MYRIOPHYLLUM; RELEASE; PLANTS; GROWTH; ROOTS; TRANSLOCATION AB 1. Phosphorus (P) uptake by macrophytes and. epiphytes from the LaPlatte River (VT) was examined in the laboratory by adding (PO4)-P-32-P to recirculating stream microcosms. 2. Water, plugs of sediment and plants were removed from the river and placed into the microcosms. (PO4)-P-32-P was then added either to the water or the sediment, and its incorporation into plants and epiphytes was monitored over 3 days. Uptake was examined at both ambient (5 mu g L-1) and increased (50 mu g L-1) soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations. A computer program was developed to fit curves to the radiotracer data and calculate rate constants for the simultaneous transfer of P-32 among compartments. 3. Both macrophytes and epiphytes removed P from the water, but epiphyte uptake of P was more rapid. Phosphate enrichment stimulated P uptake by both macrophytes and epiphytes. Macrophytes also obtained P from the sediment. The relative contribution of P to macrophytes from the water vs. that from the sediment appeared to vary with SRP in the overlying water. Accurate estimates of rates of P uptake from sediments by macrophytes were difficult to obtain however, due to very low and highly variable unit rate constants for P uptake and uncertainty about the magnitude of the phosphate pool available for uptake. 4. SRP concentrations were greater in the overlying water than in the sediment pore water of stream microcosms in the present study. Numerous reports in the literature have suggested that this condition favours uptake by macrophyte stems and leaves rather than by roots. 5. Phosphate uptake from the water by macrophytes in shallow streams may be more common than for macrophytes in lakes. C1 Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Pelton, DK (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 46 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 39 IS 2 BP 285 EP 299 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.1998.00281.x PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ZF319 UT WOS:000072885600008 ER PT J AU Shaffer, RT Francis, JM Carrougher, JG Root, SS Angueira, CE Szyjkowski, R Kadakia, SC AF Shaffer, RT Francis, JM Carrougher, JG Root, SS Angueira, CE Szyjkowski, R Kadakia, SC TI India ink tattooing in the esophagus SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Article ID COLONIC LESIONS; MARKING AB Background: Precise endoscopic measurement of esophageal landmarks is difficult and inaccurate because of the ability of the esophagus to lengthen and foreshorten. Methods: Nineteen patients enrolled to date in a study of Barrett's esophagus had an India ink tattoo placed at the most proximal level of the squamocolumnar junction and were examined endoscopically at 3, 9, 15, 24, and 36 months. Results: Eighteen of nineteen patients (94.7%) were judged to have a good to excellent tattoo persistence at 3 months. One of the 19 patients (5.3%) had poor tattoo persistence and was retattooed at the 3-month interval. Eventually, 15 of the 15 patients (100%) who remained in the study had a good or excellent tattoo persistence at 36 months. There were no complications related to India ink tattooing including chest pain, bleeding, or perforation. At follow-up endoscopy, no ulcers, inflammation, break in the mucosa, or pain were noted. Conclusion: India ink tattooing in the esophagus is safe and persistent and may be used as an effective method for longitudinal follow-up of lesions in the esophagus. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Gastroenterol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Shaffer, RT (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Gastroenterol Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 47 IS 3 BP 257 EP 260 DI 10.1016/S0016-5107(98)70323-2 PG 4 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA ZC046 UT WOS:000072534100008 PM 9540879 ER PT J AU Henry, KS Patton, S AF Henry, KS Patton, S TI Measurement of the contact angle of water on geotextile fibers SO GEOTECHNICAL TESTING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE geotextile; capillary barrier; contact angle; wetting; fiber AB The contact angle of water on geotextile fibers significantly influences capillary behavior. Measurements of the dynamic contact angle of tap water on geotextile fibers are reported for two geotextiles, as received from the manufacturer and after they had been treated (cleaned). There is considerable hysteresis between advancing and receding contact angles, as expected. Fibers from one geotextile have significantly lower contact angle cosines than the other, indicating that it is less wettable. The cleaning of geotextiles resulted in significant reduction in the advancing contact angles of fibers from one of the geotextiles but not the other. The heights of water capillary rise in strips of the geotextiles were also measured. Results showed that the contact angle measurements are helpful; but, information on pore sizes is also needed to predict capillary behavior. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Environm Div, Newport, RI 02844 USA. RP Henry, KS (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0149-6115 J9 GEOTECH TEST J JI Geotech. Test. J. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 21 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 PG 7 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA YY809 UT WOS:000072187600002 ER PT J AU Manganaro, AM Will, MJ Bradley, MD Peckham, S Faulk-Eggleston, J Fish, M AF Manganaro, AM Will, MJ Bradley, MD Peckham, S Faulk-Eggleston, J Fish, M TI Benign keratotic squamous epithelial neoplasm of the palate: A unique lesion SO HEAD AND NECK-JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES AND SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK LA English DT Article DE trichoadenoma; trichoepithelioma AB Background. This case report describes a unique palatal tumor with features of a dermal neoplasm. Microscopically, the lesion appeared similar to a trichoepithelioma and trichoadenoma. Methods. Light microscopic and immunohistochemical studies were performed to arrive at the final diagnosis. Results. The lesion arose from the surface epithelium and had features of a dermal tumor. Conclusions. The case report describes a unique benign palatal neoplasm. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg Oral & Maxillofaci, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, Dent Corps, Washington, DC USA. USA, Med Corps, Washington, DC USA. USAF, Med Corps, Washington, DC USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Oral & Maxillofacial Surg Clin, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Cytol Sect, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Manganaro, AM (reprint author), 14210 Silver Hollow, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1043-3074 J9 HEAD NECK-J SCI SPEC JI Head Neck-J. Sci. Spec. Head Neck PD MAR PY 1998 VL 20 IS 2 BP 175 EP 178 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0347(199803)20:2<175::AID-HED12>3.0.CO;2-L PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA YV240 UT WOS:000071803400012 PM 9484950 ER PT J AU Sjogren, MH AF Sjogren, MH TI Preventing acute liver disease in patients with chronic liver disease SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEPATITIS-A C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Sjogren, MH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD MAR PY 1998 VL 27 IS 3 BP 887 EP 888 DI 10.1002/hep.510270337 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA YZ384 UT WOS:000072249000037 PM 9500724 ER PT J AU Crane, CC AF Crane, CC TI Arming against Hitler: France and the limits of military planning. SO HISTORIAN LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Crane, CC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHI ALPHA THETA PI ALLENTOWN PA THE HISTORIAN 50 COLLEGE DR, ALLENTOWN, PA 18104-6100 USA SN 0018-2370 J9 HISTORIAN JI Historian PD SPR PY 1998 VL 60 IS 3 BP 669 EP 670 PG 2 WC History SC History GA ZL381 UT WOS:000073427200064 ER PT J AU Reid, JR Bright, VM Kosinski, JA AF Reid, JR Bright, VM Kosinski, JA TI A micromachined vibration isolation system for reducing the vibration sensitivity of surface transverse wave resonators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATION SENSITIVITY; QUARTZ RESONATORS; SAW OSCILLATORS AB A micromachined system has been developed for reducing the vibration sensitivity of surface transverse wave (STW) resonators. The isolation system consists of a support platform for mounting the STW resonator, four support arms, and a support rim, The entire isolation system measures 8 mm by 9 mm by 0.4 mm without the resonator mounted on the platform. The system acts as a passive vibration isolation system, decreasing the magnitude of high frequency (> 1.2 kHz) vibrations, Finite element analysis is used to analyze the acceleration sensitivity of the mounted resonator, The isolation system is then modeled as a damped mass-spring system and the transmissibility of vibration from the support rim to the support platform is calculated, multiplying the acceleration sensitivity of the resonator by the transmissibility results in the expected system vibration sensitivity. The isolation systems are fabricated using two sided bulk etching of (110) oriented silicon wafers, STW resonators were mounted on the isolation systems, and the isolated units were mounted on commercial hybrid oscillator substrates. Vibration sensitivity measurements were taken for vibrations with frequencies ranging from 100 Hz to 5 kHz, The measured data show that the system performs as expected with a low frequency (< 500 Hz) vibration sensitivity of 1.8 * 10(-8)/g and a high frequency roll off of 12 dB/octave. C1 Rome Lab, ERAC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USA, Commun Elect Command, AMSEL RD IW TI, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Reid, JR (reprint author), Rome Lab, ERAC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM reid@maxwell.rl.plh.af.mil NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD MAR PY 1998 VL 45 IS 2 BP 528 EP 534 DI 10.1109/58.660162 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA ZC597 UT WOS:000072597400025 PM 18244203 ER PT J AU Bhat, KR Benton, BJ Ray, R AF Bhat, KR Benton, BJ Ray, R TI DNA ligase activation following sulfur mustard exposure in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes SO IN VITRO & MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY-A JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MAMMALIAN-CELLS; REPAIR; ENZYME; POLY(ADP-RIBOSE); EXPRESSION; CLONING; MODEL AB DNA ligase is a key enzyme involved in DNA repair. In cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK), the alkylating agent sulfur mustard (bis-(2-chloroethyl)sulfide, HD) caused a rapid (within 30 min) and. dose-dependent DNA ligase activation followed by an exponential decay. The decay rate decreased by 60% in the presence of 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB), an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), or in that of the Ca2+ chelators EGTA (ethylene glycol-bis (amino ethyl ether) N,N,N:N'-tetra acetic acid) and BAPTA AM (1,2 Bis(2 amino phenoxy)methane N,N,N:N' tetraacetic acid, tetraacetoxy methyl ester). The activated enzyme was found to be a protein of similar or equal to 130 kD. A qualitative agarose gel analysis of DNA extracted from HD-exposed. NHEK showed a progressive increase in high molecular weight DNA, suggesting DNA repair. This knowledge of the DNA repair in the HD-exposed NHEK model may be useful in developing protective measures against skin damage by HD. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Biochem Pharmacol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Lincoln Univ, Dept Chem, Lincoln Univ, PA 19352 USA. RP Ray, R (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Biochem Pharmacol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1097-9336 J9 IN VITRO MOL TOXICOL JI In Vitro Mol. Toxicol.-J. Basic Appl. Res. PD SPR PY 1998 VL 11 IS 1 BP 45 EP 53 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA ZQ716 UT WOS:000073895900005 ER PT J AU Amano, KI Williams, JC Dasch, GA AF Amano, KI Williams, JC Dasch, GA TI Structural properties of lipopolysaccharides from Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia prowazekii and their chemical similarity to the lipopolysaccharide from Proteus vulgaris OX19 used in the Weil-Felix test SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID PHASE-I; COXIELLA-BURNETII; TEST ANTIGENS; IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; TSUTSUGAMUSHI; PEPTIDOGLYCAN; REACTIVITY; COMPONENTS; SERA AB The lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) isolated from typhus group (TG) rickettsiae Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia prowazekii were characterized by chemical analysis and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by silver staining. LPSs from two species of TG rickettsiae contained glucose, 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, glucosamine, quinovosamine, phosphate, and fatty acids (beta-hydroxylmyristic acid and heneicosanoic acid) but not heptose. The O-polysaccharides of these LPSs were composed of glucose, glucosamine, quinovosamine, and phosphorylated hexosamine. Resolution of these LPSs by their apparent molecular masses by SDS-PAGE showed that they have a common ladder-like pattern. Based on the results of chemical composition and SDS-PAGE pattern, we suggest that these LPSs act as group-specific antigens. Furthermore, glucosamine, quinovosamine, and phosphorylated hexosamine were also found in the O-polysaccharide of the LPS from Proteus vulgaris OX19 used in the Weil-Felix test, suggesting that they may represent the antigens common to LPSs from TG rickettsiae and P. vulgaris OX19. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Rickettsial Dis Lab, Airborne Dis Div, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NIAID, Off Sci Director, Bethesda, MD 20204 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. RP Amano, KI (reprint author), Akita Univ, Sch Med, Cent Res Lab, Hondo 1-1-1, Akita 010, Japan. EM amanocrl@med.akita-u.ac.jp NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 66 IS 3 BP 923 EP 926 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YY565 UT WOS:000072160900006 PM 9488376 ER PT J AU Beckwitt, R Arcidiacono, S Stote, R AF Beckwitt, R Arcidiacono, S Stote, R TI Evolution of repetitive proteins: spider silks from Nephila clavipes (Tetragnathidae) and Araneus bicentenarius (Araneidae) SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spider silk; spidroin; fibroin; repetitive protein; concerted evolution; Araneus bicentenarius; Nephila clavipes ID DRAGLINE SILK; FIBROIN GENE; CHIRONOMUS-TENTANS; TOUCHDOWN PCR; ORGANIZATION; ELASTIN; AMPLIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; CRYSTALLINE; DNA AB Spider silks are highly repetitive proteins, characterized by regions of polyalanine and glycine-rich repeating units. We have obtained two variants of the Spidroin (NCF-1) silk gene sequence from Nephila clavipes. One sequence (1726 bp) was from a cloned cDNA, and the other (1951 bp) was from PCR of genomic DNA. When these sequences are compared with each other and the previously published Spidroin 1 sequence, there are differences due to sequence rearrangements, as well as single base substitutions. These variations are similar to those that have been reported from other highly repetitive genes, and probably represent the results of unequal cross-overs. We have also obtained 708 bp of sequence from PCR of genomic DNA from Araneus bicentenarius. This sequence shows considerable similarity to a dragline sequence (ADF-3) from A. diadematus, as well as Spidroin 2 (NCF-2) from N. clavipes. Minor but consistent differences in the repeating unit sequence between A. bicentenarius and A. diadematus suggest that concerted evolution or gene conversion processes are acting to maintain similarity among repeat units within a single gene. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Framingham State Coll, Dept Biol, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Div Biotechnol, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Beckwitt, R (reprint author), Framingham State Coll, Dept Biol, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. OI Beckwitt, Richard/0000-0003-4315-2808 NR 23 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 28 IS 3 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(97)00083-0 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA ZW530 UT WOS:000074420200001 PM 9654736 ER PT J AU Showalter, DE AF Showalter, DE TI On the road to total war: The American Civil War and the German wars of unification, 1861-1871 SO INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Showalter, DE (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIMON FRASER UNIV, INT HISTORY REVIEW PI BURNABY PA EAA 2015, BURNABY, BC V5A 1S6, CANADA SN 0707-5332 J9 INT HIST REV JI Int. Hist. Rev. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 20 IS 1 BP 182 EP 184 PG 3 WC History SC History GA ZH477 UT WOS:000073114900028 ER PT J AU Korobov, V Mitin, V Buchwald, W AF Korobov, V Mitin, V Buchwald, W TI Numerical simulation of an optoelectronic thyristor in the regime of incomplete turn-off SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID TRIGGERED GAAS THYRISTORS; INTERMEDIATE STATE; OPTICAL THYRISTORS; SWITCH; AMPLIFIERS; MODEL AB Direct two-dimensional simulations are used to analyse the possibility of controlling the carrier concentration in the gated base of a GaAs optoelectronic thyristor, which operates in the regime of incomplete turn-off. Modelling results indicate that the number of carriers, light intensity, current distribution, and the position of the light-emitting region the gated base of the thyristor can effectively be changed using gate currents, insufficient to turn the device completely off. The utilization of incomplete turn-off principle can be used for light-intensity modulation and switching purposes. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. USA, Res Lab, Phys Sci Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Korobov, V (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0020-7217 J9 INT J ELECTRON JI Int. J. Electron. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 84 IS 3 BP 187 EP 202 DI 10.1080/002072198134788 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA ZA008 UT WOS:000072318500002 ER PT J AU Kesavanathan, J Bascom, R Swift, DL AF Kesavanathan, J Bascom, R Swift, DL TI The effect of nasal passage characteristics on particle deposition SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE-DEPOSITION CLEARANCE AND EFFECTS IN THE LUNG LA English DT Article DE particle deposition; nostril dimensions; nasal passage dimensions; resistance ID ACOUSTIC RHINOMETRY; AEROSOL DEPOSITION; AIRWAY; MODEL; GEOMETRY AB This study determined the effect of nostril dimensions, nasal passage geometry, and nasal resistance (R) on particle deposition efficiency (PDE) in 40 healthy, nonsmoking adults (24 male, 16 female) at a constant flow rate. An aerodynamic particle sizer measured the diameter and concentration of a polydispersed (1-10-mu m diameter) aerosol drawn unidirectionally into the nose and out the mouth. For each particle size, the concentration of particles entering the nose (C-in) and leaving the mouth (C-out) was measured. Nasal PDE, defined as (C-in -C-out)/C-in*100, was calculated for bilateral and unilateral flow. A mixed, nonlinear model was used to fit the PDE to two models based on two sets of specifications. The geometric model included particle aerodynamic diameter (d(a)), nostril dimensions, and minimum nasal cross-sectional area (A(min)); the resistance model included particle d(a) and R. Left and right nasal passage PDE significantly correlated for 2- to 6-mu m diameter particle sizes. The results showed that in both bilateral and unilateral geometric models, particle d(a), A(min), and nostril length to width ratio (E) significantly affected the PDE. In the resistance model, particle d(a) significantly affected both unilateral and bilateral PDE; however, R significantly affected only unilateral PDE. The results showed that both models can be used to predict the PDE; however, the nasal passage geometry information is easier to obtain than the resistance information. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Div Environm Hlth Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Kesavanathan, J (reprint author), USA, ERDEC, SCBRD, RTL, Bldg E3150, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0894-2684 J9 J AEROSOL MED JI J. Aerosol Med.-Depos. Clear. Eff. Lung PD SPR PY 1998 VL 11 IS 1 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1089/jam.1998.11.27 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System GA YZ544 UT WOS:000072264700003 ER PT J AU Fangmark, I Carpin, JC AF Fangmark, I Carpin, JC TI Stability of urease during aerosolization: The effect of operating conditions SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AIR-JET NEBULIZATION; PROTEIN NEBULIZATION; GROWTH-HORMONE; INHALATION; LIPOSOMES; SIZE; NEBULIZERS; ENDOTOXIN; RICIN; MICE AB The stability of the enzyme urease to the aerosolization process was evaluated. The effect of liquid feed rate, operating pressure, gas composition and relative humidity on urease enzymatic activity were studied using a Constant Output Atomizer operated in the non-recirculating (i.e. single-pass) mode. The results show that changes in the liquid feed rate had the greatest influence on subsequent urease enzymatic activity. Relative humidity of the supply gas also played an important role through its influence on solution evaporation rate and resultant protein concentration in the solution. Operating pressure and gas composition had only minor effects. Additional experiments run with a Collison nebulizer operating in the recirculating (multi-pass) mode indicated a time-dependent loss of urease activity. On average, 50% of the initial activity was left in the nebulizer solution after 10 min of operation. The introduction of protective additives to the solution helped to reduce degradation. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Def Res Estab, Div Environm & Protect, S-90182 Umea, Sweden. USA, Ctr Dev & Engn, Edgewood Res, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Fangmark, I (reprint author), Natl Def Res Estab, Div Environm & Protect, S-90182 Umea, Sweden. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 29 IS 3 BP 279 EP 288 DI 10.1016/S0021-8502(97)10010-6 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ZF250 UT WOS:000072878700004 ER PT J AU Crane, CC AF Crane, CC TI Lichfield: The US Army on trial. SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Crane, CC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 84 IS 4 BP 1567 EP 1568 DI 10.2307/2568209 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 109NQ UT WOS:000075329200142 ER PT J AU Scalora, M Bloemer, MJ Pethel, AS Dowling, JP Bowden, CM Manka, AS AF Scalora, M Bloemer, MJ Pethel, AS Dowling, JP Bowden, CM Manka, AS TI Transparent, metallo-dielectric, one-dimensional, photonic band-gap structures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR PERIODIC STRUCTURES; PULSE-PROPAGATION; CRYSTALS; SOLITONS; SURFACES; EDGE AB We investigate numerically the properties of metallo-dielectric, one-dimensional, photonic band-gap structures. Our theory predicts that interference effects give rise to a new transparent metallic structure that permits the transmission of light over a tunable range of frequencies, for example, the ultraviolet, the visible, or the infrared wavelength range. The structure can be designed to block ultraviolet light, transmit in the visible range, and reflect all other electromagnetic waves of lower frequencies, from infrared to microwaves and beyond. The transparent metallic structure is composed of a stack of alternating layers of a metal and a dielectric material, such that the complex index of refraction alternates between a high and a low value. The structure remains transparent even if the total amount of metal is increased to hundreds of skin depths in net thickness. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Time Domain, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Missle Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Weap Sci Directorate,AMSAM,RD,WS,CM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Scalora, M (reprint author), Time Domain, 6700 Odyssey Dr, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RI DOWLING, JONATHAN/L-2749-2013 NR 33 TC 265 Z9 279 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1998 VL 83 IS 5 BP 2377 EP 2383 DI 10.1063/1.366996 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YZ942 UT WOS:000072310700001 ER PT J AU Morris, JB AF Morris, JB TI Solubility of RDX in dense carbon dioxide at temperatures between 303 K and 353 K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID BASE PROPELLANT; COMPONENTS AB The solubility of the high-explosive cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) in carbon dioxide (CO2) is measured over a temperature and pressure range of 303 K to 353 K and 6.9 MPa to 48.3 MPa, respectively. A high-pressure ultraviolet chromatographic detector is used to measure in situ solute levels of RDX in a dynamic flow apparatus. RDX is found to be relatively insoluble in CO2, with a maximum solubility of about 0.25 mg/g CO2 at the highest temperatures and pressures studied. Empirical fits of the solubility isotherms are determined as a function of the solvent density and solute vapor pressure. The spectroscopy of RDX is also examined as a function of CO2 temperature and pressure to confirm the suitability of the method for determination of solubility. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,PC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Morris, JB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,PC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 43 IS 2 BP 269 EP 273 DI 10.1021/je970227i PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA ZD783 UT WOS:000072723400031 ER PT J AU Marino, MT Schuster, BG Brueckner, RP Lin, E Kaminskis, A Lasseter, KC AF Marino, MT Schuster, BG Brueckner, RP Lin, E Kaminskis, A Lasseter, KC TI Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pyridostigmine bromide for prophylaxis against nerve agents in humans SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; MYASTHENIA-GRAVIS; METABOLISM; KINETICS; SOMAN AB This study was conducted to determine the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pyridostigmine given as 30 mg of pyridostigmine bromide every 8 hours in healthy subjects. Plasma pyridostigmine concentration and red blood cell acetylcholinesterase activity were measured in blood samples collected during a 3-week period. Population analysis was performed using standard pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models with the nonlinear mixed-effect modeling software (NONMEM). The pharmacokinetic model that best fit the pyridostigmine plasma levels was a two-compartment open model with first-order absorption, a lag time, and first-order elimination from the central compartment. The pharmacodynamic model that best fit red blood cell acetylcholinesterase activity was an inhibitory E-max model with an effect compartment linked to the central compartment. The results showed that the pharmacokinetics of pyridostigmine bromide are both gender and weight dependent. The pharmacodynamic effect does not lag significantly from the plasma concentration and returns to near normal within 8 hours. With the present dosage regimen of 30 mg every 8 hours, 30% of individuals may not have red blood cell acetylcholinesterase inhibition >10% at the time of the trough. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Pharmacol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Pharm, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. USA, Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Clin Pharmacol Associates, Miami, FL USA. RP Marino, MT (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Pharmacol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0091-2700 J9 J CLIN PHARMACOL JI J. Clin. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 227 EP 235 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA ZC966 UT WOS:000072637100005 PM 9549661 ER PT J AU Cialone, MA Stauble, DK AF Cialone, MA Stauble, DK TI Historical findings an ebb shoal mining SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE beach erosion; beach nourishment; tidal delta; longshore drift; coastal management; shore protection AB Mining of ebb shoals has become more prevalent in recent years due to limited sources of beach quality sand available for beach nourishment projects. This paper examines eight ebb shoal mining projects completed since 1981 in an attempt to examine this relatively new practice of removing material from an inlet ebb shoal. A brief description of each inlet's history, morphology, and processes is given in an Appendix for background information and available information on the ebb shoal mining events at each inlet is presented in this paper. The eight projects presented range in size from 170,000 m(3) removed from the ebb shoal at Boca Raton Inlet (Florida) to 6,235,000 m(3) removed from the ebb shoal at Great Egg Harbor Inlet (New Jersey). The recent completion of many of these projects and lack of systematic monitoring has resulted in limited monitoring data to assess shoal mining impacts on the inlet system. With this in mind, impacts of ebb shoal mining inferred from the data and the level of monitoring at each project site are discussed. From this study, it has been determined that most ebb shoals are mined on the outer "passive" portion of the shoal feature. Ebb shoal sand was found to be compatible with the native beach material, indicating that the ebb shoal acts as a "sand bridge" between the updrift and downdrift beaches. The rate of recovery of the mined area appears to be a function of the degree to which the system equilibrium is perturbed, sand availability (longshore transport rate), storm frequency, and the depth of the mined area. Estimates of borrow area recovery were often overpredicted, probably due to poor longshore transport estimates. Further analysis is needed to determine ebb shoal mining impacts to navigation, inlet adjacent shoreline, ebb shoal equilibrium, and reusability of borrow area infill material. This paper is an attempt to evaluate the state-of-the-art in the practice of removing material from inlet ebb shoals and monitoring of these projects. A suggested monitoring plan for future ebb shoal mining projects is also presented. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal Engn Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Cialone, MA (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal Engn Res Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 65 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 1998 VL 14 IS 2 BP 537 EP 563 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA ZJ198 UT WOS:000073189300015 ER PT J AU Daly, SF AF Daly, SF TI Thermal ice growth: Real-time estimation SO JOURNAL OF COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The quasi-steady thermal ice growth model was recast in state-space form and used with the Kalman filter to estimate ice thickness and to recursively estimate the model parameters for thermal ice growth. This approach was appropriate at locations where measurements of the ice thickness were made during the study. The model was applied to two widely separated sites from which ice thickness measurements were available for a number of winters: Post Pond, N.H., and Snowshoe Lake, Alaska. The parameters required by the Kalman filter were estimated through numerical experiments and were consistent between both locations. The Kalman filter was able to produce better results, as measured by a least-squares criterion, than a model using parameter values that had been determined using all data at each location. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ice Engn Res Div, Hanover, NH 03775 USA. RP Daly, SF (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ice Engn Res Div, Hanover, NH 03775 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0887-381X J9 J COLD REG ENG JI J. Cold Reg. Eng. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 12 IS 1 BP 11 EP 28 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(1998)12:1(11) PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA YY545 UT WOS:000072158900002 ER PT J AU Webster, AD AF Webster, AD TI Excavation of a Vietnam-era aircraft crash site: Use of cross-cultural understanding and dual forensic recovery methods SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic anthropology; emic viewpoint; dual methods; human remains recovery AB The excavation of a 23 year-old aircraft crash site in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the transformational processes preceding its excavation in 1995-1996 are detailed. The history of the site involved an initial catastrophic event, with subsequent reclamation and disturbances. Ultimately, a recovery effort by a joint U.S, team from the Central Identification Laboratory, Hawaii (CILHI), Joint Task Force-Full Accounting (JTF-FA) and a Socialist Republic of Vietnam contingent yielded numerous human remains, personal effects, and life support items from the crash site. This case study should be of interest to the increasing number of forensic anthropologists who carry out work in international contexts. The application of forensic anthropology in human rights abuse cases, for example in Rwanda, Argentina, and Bosnia, provide examples of such cross-cultural endeavors. Cultural factors act in the development of a site and should not be overlooked as significant taphonomic agents. The approach that an indigenous person takes to a crash site or mass grave may be quite different from our own approach, involving Western science. Holland, Anderson, and Mann (1) describe the postmortem alteration of exhumed and/or curated bone caused by indigenous Southeast Asian peoples; the examples provided by these authors demonstrate how culture affects the treatment of what we would call "evidence." The international nature of an incident can add complicating "filters" to the reconstruction of events, since reclamation responses by indigenous people vary according to their interpretations of the scene. An investigating forensic anthropologist needs to understand the emic viewpoint (the insider's view), as cultural anthropologists do, when attempting to recover and reconstruct such an incident. In response to the cultural (and natural) taphonomic agents at work on such a site, the use of dual forensic recovery methods-simultaneously treating the investigation scene like an aircraft crash and a clandestine burial site-is advised. Employing a flexible set of methods will allow for maximal recovery of evidence. C1 USA, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI USA. RP Webster, AD (reprint author), 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 43 IS 2 BP 277 EP 283 PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA ZE009 UT WOS:000072748000003 PM 9544536 ER PT J AU Gibbons, RV Landry, FJ Blouch, DL Jones, DL Williams, FK Lucey, CR Kroenke, K AF Gibbons, RV Landry, FJ Blouch, DL Jones, DL Williams, FK Lucey, CR Kroenke, K TI A comparison of physicians' and patients' attitudes toward pharmaceutical industry gifts SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ethics; gifts; pharmaceutical industry; pharmaceutical marketing ID FREE LUNCH; REPRESENTATIVES; COMPANIES; CENTERS; SAY AB OBJECTIVE: To compare physicians' and their patients' attitudes toward pharmaceutical gifts. DESIGN: Survey of physicians and their patients. SETTING:Two tertiary-care medical centers, one military and one civilian. PARTICIPANTS:Two hundred sixty-eight of 392 consecutively surveyed physicians, 100 of 103 randomly selected patients at the military center, and 96 patients in a convenience sample at the civilian center completed the survey. MEASUREMENTS: Participants rated 10 pharmaceutical gifts on whether they were appropriate for physicians to accept and whether they were likely to influence prescribing. Patients found gifts less appropriate and more influential than did their physicians. About half of the patients were aware of such gifts; of those unaware, 24% responded that this knowledge altered their perception of the medical profession. Asked whether they thought their own physician accepted gifts, 27% said yes, 20% no, and 53% were unsure. For patients, feeling that gifts were inappropriate was best predicted by a belief that gifts might influence prescribing, while for physicians, the best predictor was knowledge of guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Patients feel pharmaceutical gifts are more influential and less appropriate than do their physicians. Physicians may want to consider this in deciding whether to accept particular gifts. Broader dissemination of guidelines may be one means of changing physician behavior. At the same time, future guidelines should further consider the potentially different viewpoints of patients and physicians. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Gibbons, RV (reprint author), Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Tacoma, WA 98499 USA. NR 14 TC 110 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 13 IS 3 BP 151 EP 154 DI 10.1046/j.1525-1497.1998.00048.x PG 4 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA ZC325 UT WOS:000072565900001 PM 9541370 ER PT J AU Brown, CA Kraus, NC AF Brown, CA Kraus, NC TI Numerical gauge approach to water-level datum determination SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB In the United States, water-level datums are computed by applying National Ocean Service algorithms to records obtained at fixed gauges. These physical gauges are expensive to install and maintain, and they suffer certain practical limitations such as requiring a storm-resistant platform and convenient access. As a supplement to physical gauges, in this paper a modeling approach is explored whereby physical gauges at boundaries drive a calibrated numerical model from which the calculated time series of water level at any internal grid point may be considered as a "numerical" gauge. A proof-of-concept study for the upper Laguna Madre, Texas, is described that compares monthly and annual tidal datums and range determined from a co-located numerical gauge and physical gauge. The favorable comparison indicates the viability of the numerical gauge concept. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coast & Hydr Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Brown, CA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 1998 VL 124 IS 3 BP 321 EP 324 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1998)124:3(321) PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA YX907 UT WOS:000072092700009 ER PT J AU Fried, M Muga, RO Misore, AO Duffy, PE AF Fried, M Muga, RO Misore, AO Duffy, PE TI Malaria elicits type 1 cytokines in the human placenta: IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha associated with pregnancy outcomes SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CHONDROITIN SULFATE; LEISHMANIA-MAJOR; IL-10 PRODUCTION; C57BL/6 MICE; EXPRESSION; ANEMIA; BLOOD; GESTATION AB Pregnant women, especially primigravidas, are highly susceptible to malaria infection, resulting in maternal anemia and low birth weight infants, Because circulating parasitemia is rare in the newborn, the cause of poor fetal outcomes has been unclear, We measured cytokine concentrations in placentas collected from women delivering in urban hospitals in malaria-holoendemic or nonendemic areas of Kenya. Normal placentas displayed a bias toward type 2 cytokines; type 1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2 were absent in placentas not exposed to malaria but present in a large proportion of placentas from a holoendemic area. TNF-alpha and TGF-beta concentrations were significantly higher, and IL-10 concentrations significantly lower, in placentas from the holoendemic area, Among primigravidas, placental TNF-alpha concentrations were significantly higher in the presence of severe maternal anemia, and both IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha were significantly elevated when a low birth weight, rather than normal weight, infant was delivered, We conclude that maternal malaria decreases IL-10 concentrations and elicits IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-alpha in the placenta, shifting the balance toward type 1 cytokines. This is the first demonstration that these placental cytokine changes are associated with poor pregnancy outcomes in humans. C1 USA, Med Res Unit, Kenya Med Res Inst, Kisumu, Kenya. Minist Hlth, Nyanza Prov Med Off, Kisumu, Kenya. Minist Hlth, New Nyanza Prov Gen Hosp, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Fried, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Rm 2028,Bldg 40,14th & Dahlia St, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 50 TC 234 Z9 237 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAR 1 PY 1998 VL 160 IS 5 BP 2523 EP 2530 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA YY124 UT WOS:000072115700062 PM 9498798 ER PT J AU McClain, DJ Pittman, PR Ramsburg, HH Nelson, GO Rossi, CA Mangiafico, JA Schmaljohn, AL Malinoski, FJ AF McClain, DJ Pittman, PR Ramsburg, HH Nelson, GO Rossi, CA Mangiafico, JA Schmaljohn, AL Malinoski, FJ TI Immunologic interference from sequential administration of live attenuated alphavirus vaccines SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS-INFECTION; EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GLYCOPROTEIN; IMMUNIZATION; TRANSMISSION; EPITOPES; MOSQUITO; HUMANS AB Two different human vaccine trials examined interference arising from sequential administration of vaccines against heterologous alphaviruses, The first trial indicated that persons previously vaccinated against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) exhibited poor neutralizing antibody responses to a live attenuated chikungunya virus (CHIKV) vaccine (46% response rate), The second trial prospectively examined neutralizing antibody responses to live attenuated VEEV vaccine in persons previously inoculated with either CHIKV vaccine or placebo. Following seroconversion to CHIKV, CHIKV vaccine recipients' geometric mean titers (GMTs) to VEEV by 80% plaque-reduction neutralization titration never exceeded 10, compared with a peak GMT of 95 after VEEV vaccination for alphavirus-naive volunteers who initially received placebo (P < .003), ELISA antibody responses demonstrated cross-reactive Ige to VEEV after primary CHIKV immunization and then an anamnestic response upon subsequent VEEV vaccination, These data indicate that preexisting alphavirus immunity in humans interferes with subsequent neutralizing antibody response to a lice attenuated, heterologous vaccine. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Med, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Diagnost Syst, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Biometr, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP McClain, DJ (reprint author), Asheville Infect Dis, 445 Biltmore Ctr,Suite 500, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. NR 36 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 177 IS 3 BP 634 EP 641 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YY555 UT WOS:000072159900016 PM 9498442 ER PT J AU Watt, G Strickman, D Kantipong, P Jongsakul, K Paxton, H AF Watt, G Strickman, D Kantipong, P Jongsakul, K Paxton, H TI Performance of a dot blot immunoassay for the rapid diagnosis of scrub typhus in a longitudinal case series SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB A rapid dipstick test for scrub typhus was prospectively evaluated in Chiangrai, northern Thailand. Sera from 162 patients with fever of unclear etiology were tested by a dot blot immunoassay using two different antigen concentrations. Dipsticks coated with lower concentration of antigen lacked sensitivity compared with the indirect immunoperoxidase test. Dipsticks with higher antigen concentration had increased sensitivity that was equivalent to that of the immunoperoxidase test. By increasing the antigen concentration on the dipstick, sensitivity increased from 67% to 100%, positive predictive value increased from 90% to 93%, and negative predictive value rose from 92% to 100%. The specificity of both antigen concentrations was 98%. This study establishes that scrub typhus can be confirmed serologically by use of a dipstick assay and that serodiagnosis can be effectively tailored to a target population. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Chiangrai Reg Hosp, Dept Med, Chiangrai, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Rickettsial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Int Diagnost Inc, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Watt, G (reprint author), AFRIMS, Dept Med, APO, AP 96546 USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 177 IS 3 BP 800 EP 802 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YY555 UT WOS:000072159900043 PM 9498469 ER PT J AU Burrows, EP AF Burrows, EP TI Dimethyl ether chemical ionization mass spectrometry of alpha-amino acids SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE dimethyl ether; alpha-aminoacids; collision induced dissociation; ion-molecule reactions; methoxymethylene cation ID ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; FAST-ATOM-BOMBARDMENT; COLLISIONALLY ACTIVATED DISSOCIATION; ISOLEUCINE; LEUCINE; TRAP; GAS; DIFFERENTIATION; NITROAROMATICS; DERIVATIVES AB Dimethyl ether (DME) is a useful reagent gas for the characterization of a variety of diverse biologically important or environmentally significant classes of compounds. In this work the gas-phase ion-molecule reactions of DME with 23 alpha-amino acids were investigated and the collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentations of the protonated molecules and their most prominent adduct ions were studied. The identities and relative abundances of the adduct ions varied widely and, not unexpectedly, were dependent on the nature of the R substituent in H2NCH(R)CO2H With a few exceptions, notably serine and threonine, protonated molecules and [M+13](+) adduct ions were highly abundant, and in most cases methoxymethylene cations [M + 45](+) were also prominent. The solvated methoxymethylene cation [M + 91](+) was seen in very modest abundance or not at all, except for serine and threonine, when it was the most abundant. CID fragmentations of the protonated molecules generated in the DME plasma showed similar characteristics to those generated bg fast atom bombardment in that sequential elimination of H2O and CO to the iminium ion was the predominant process in the majority of cases, and was also accompanied by the loss of NH3 in the cases of cysteine, glutamine, ornithine and lysine. Loss of NH3 alone was the predominant process for tryptophan, and for arginine and methionine the fragmentations were dominated by the guanidino and methylthio substituents, respectively. (C) 1998 John Whey & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Burrows, EP (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 33 IS 3 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9888(199803)33:3<221::AID-JMS626>3.0.CO;2-O PG 8 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA ZD564 UT WOS:000072699200003 PM 9538524 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, EJ Blendell, JE Cline, JP Ritter, JJ Maruthamuthu, P Nelson, EH Horn, SB AF Gonzalez, EJ Blendell, JE Cline, JP Ritter, JJ Maruthamuthu, P Nelson, EH Horn, SB TI Texture development in Bi2Te3 during hot forging SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ORIENTATION AB The development of crystallographic texture in hot-forged polycrystalline Bi2Te3 samples was studied. Texture was evaluated with the use of the March-Dollase model in conjunction with a Rietveld analysis of x-ray diffraction data. It was determined that during forging a strong (0001) texture develops along the loading axis. The magnitude of the (0001) texture increases systematically with the amount of height reduction during hot-forging. The correlation between the observed deformation and the March-Dollase texture model suggests that grain rotation is the primary mechanism for texture development in Bi2Te3. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Madras, Dept Energy, Madras 600025, Tamil Nadu, India. USA, Res Lab, Sensor & Electron Devices Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Infrared Technol Branch, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Gonzalez, EJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 13 IS 3 BP 766 EP 773 DI 10.1557/JMR.1998.0097 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA ZJ207 UT WOS:000073190200031 ER PT J AU Turell, MJ Kay, BH AF Turell, MJ Kay, BH TI Susceptibility of selected strains of Australian mosquitoes (Diptera : Culicidae) to Rift Valley fever virus SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rift Valley fever virus; transmission rates; vector competence ID CULEX-PIPIENS; EGYPT; VECTOR AB We evaluated the ability of selected strains of the Australian mosquitoes, Aedes notoscriptus (Skuse),Ae, vigilax (Skuse), Culex annulirostris Skuse, and Cx. quinquefasciatus Say, to function as potential vectors of Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus, should that virus be introduced accidentally into Australia. After feeding on a hamster with a viremia of 10(7) plaque-forming units/ml of blood, Ae. notoscriptus and Cx. annulirostris were the most susceptible, with infection rates of 86 and 55%. respectively. Female Ac, vigilax and Cx. quinquefasciatus also were susceptible, with infection rates of 38 and 30%, respectively. All of these species transmitted RVF virus by bite 7-10 d after intrathoracic inoculation, and all, except Cr, quinquefasiatus (not tested), transmitted RVF virus 10-16 d after oral exposure, The presence of competent mosquito vectors for RVF virus in Australia indicates the potential for RVF virus epizootics to occur should this virus be introduced into Australia. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Turell, MJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 17 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 35 IS 2 BP 132 EP 135 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA ZM926 UT WOS:000073590200006 PM 9538572 ER PT J AU Mutebi, JP Rowton, E Herrero, MV Ponce, C Belli, A Valle, S Lanzaro, GC AF Mutebi, JP Rowton, E Herrero, MV Ponce, C Belli, A Valle, S Lanzaro, GC TI Genetic variability among populations of the sand fly Lutzomyia (Lutzomiyia) longipalpis (Diptera : Psychodidae) from central America SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lutzomyia longipalpis; genetic variation; enzyme loci; demes ID VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MAXADILAN; PEPTIDE; NUMBER; BRAZIL; VECTOR; NEIVA; LUTZ AB Eleven Central American populations of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva) were analyzed for genetic variation at 16 enzyme loci. The aim was to study the genetic structure among populations within this region and to identify demes that may represent different sibling species. Genotypic frequencies within populations agreed with Hardy-Weinberg expectations, indicating that there were no sympatric sibling species among these 11 populations. Levels of genetic distance between pairs of populations were very low (<0.02). Some substructing was evident, because after genotypes of all populations mere pooled, 7 of the 16 enzyme loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Estimates of effective migration rates among populations (Nm) were low (3.7), indicating that gene now was restricted. These data explained observed genetic substructuring when all genotypes were pooled. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Trop Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Nacl, Heredia, Costa Rica. Minist Hlth, Cent Lab, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Minist Salud, Ctr Nacl Diagnost & Referencia, Managua, Nicaragua. RP Mutebi, JP (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Trop Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RI Rowton, Edgar/A-4474-2012; Rowton, Edgar/A-1975-2011 OI Rowton, Edgar/0000-0002-1979-1485 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI39540] NR 30 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 35 IS 2 BP 169 EP 174 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA ZM926 UT WOS:000073590200013 PM 9538579 ER PT J AU Clayson, ET Vaughn, DW Innis, BL Shrestha, MP Pandey, R Malla, DB AF Clayson, ET Vaughn, DW Innis, BL Shrestha, MP Pandey, R Malla, DB TI Association of hepatitis E virus with an outbreak of hepatitis at a military training camp in Nepal SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEV; RT-PCR; viral hepatitis; epidemiology; adults ID NON-B HEPATITIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; EPIDEMIC NON-A; INFECTIONS; VIREMIA; WATER AB From 29 January 1995 to 15 March 1995, an outbreak of hepatitis occurred among 692 soldiers at an isolated training camp 25 km east of Kathmandu. Thirty-two cases occurred approxi mately 8 weeks after arrival of soldiers at the camp. To determine the etiology of the outbreak, patient sera were examined for evidence of infection with hepatitis A, B, C, and E viruses using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA. Evidence of recent infection (IgM to HEV and/or HEV RNA) was found in all but two patients, whereas none had evidence of recent infection with hepatitis A, B, or C viruses. Therefore, the outbreak was attributed to HEV. Fecally contaminated drinking water was suspected as the source of the outbreak. To determine the extent of HEV infections among those without clinical hepatitis, sera from the remaining soldiers were examined for markers of HEV infection. Evidence of past infection (IgG to HEV in the absence of IgM or HEV RNA) was found among 204 soldiers (prevalence = 30%), leaving 488 individuals susceptible to infection at the onset of the outbreak. Evidence of recent infection was found among another 83 individuals. We conclude that most exposed, susceptible soldiers sustained HEV infection without experiencing overt hepatitis. If the levels of virus inoculum and prior immunity in this population were typical, inapparent infection may be the usual adult response to virus exposure in an endemic area. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Birendra Army Hosp, Kathmandu, Nepal. RP Clayson, ET (reprint author), USA, Med Res & Mat Command, MCMR PLA, HQ, 504 Scott St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 24 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 54 IS 3 BP 178 EP 182 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199803)54:3<178::AID-JMV6>3.0.CO;2-2 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA YZ470 UT WOS:000072257300006 PM 9515765 ER PT J AU Fried, M Duffy, PE AF Fried, M Duffy, PE TI Maternal malaria and parasite adhesion SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM LA English DT Review DE maternal malaria; sequestration; cytoadherence; chondroitin sulfate A; Plasmodium falciparum ID FALCIPARUM-INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; BLOOD-STAGE ANTIGENS; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CHONDROITIN-SULFATE; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; RURAL MALAWI AB Malaria during pregnancy continues to be a major health problem in endemic countries, with clinical consequences, including death, for both mother and child. Just as cerebral malaria results from parasite sequestration in the brain, maternal malaria results from parasite sequestration in the placenta, and a distinct subpopulation of parasites which bind chondroitin sulfate A but not CD36 causes the syndrome. Women have little or no immunological experience with this Parasite prior to first pregnancy, making primigravid women particularly vulnerable to infection, Parasites adhere to the surface of trophoblastic villi. eliciting the accumulation of inflammatory leukocytes in the intervillous space, and the necrosis of adjacent placental tissue. Maternal malaria results in poor pregnancy outcomes, although the responsible mechanisms have not been defined. In holoendemic areas both placental infection and poor outcome decrease in frequency with successive pregnancies; protection may result from control of parasite adhesion, suggesting an attractive target for new therapies. C1 USA, Med Res Unit K, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Fried, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Res Bldg,40 Rm 2028,14th Dahlia St, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 85 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0946-2716 J9 J MOL MED-JMM JI J. Mol. Med. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 76 IS 3-4 BP 162 EP 171 DI 10.1007/s001090050205 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA YZ912 UT WOS:000072307000003 PM 9535549 ER PT J AU DeNucci, DJ Sobiski, C Dionne, RA AF DeNucci, DJ Sobiski, C Dionne, RA TI Triazolam improves sleep but fails to alter pain in TMD patients SO JOURNAL OF OROFACIAL PAIN LA English DT Article DE chronic orofacial pain; temporomandibular disorders; clinical trial; sleep; triazolam ID DOUBLE-BLIND; DISORDERS; HYPNOTICS; FIBROMYALGIA; BRUXISM; TRIAL AB Patients with chronic ol orofacial pain often report disturbances in sleep, leading to the hypothesis that nocturnal motor hyperactivity of the muscles of mastication may contribute to the nociceptive process. This hypothesis was tested in a controlled study to evaluate the relationship between sleep stages, patient self-report of pain in the orofacial region, and nocturnal masticatory muscle activity. Twenty subjects participating In a two-period, within subject, crossover study received triazolam or placebo for 4 nights. Sleep, pain, and mandibular range of motion were assessed at baseline, following the first period, and again following the second period; a 3-day washout period separated the two treatments. Subjective report of sleep quality was significantly improved following triazolam in comparison to placebo as measured by category scales for sleep qualify, restfulness, and sleep compared to usual. The amount of time spent in stage-2 sleep was also significantly increased by triazolam. No improvement teas seen in pain as measured by palpation with an algometer, in scales for sensory intensity and the affective component of pain, or in daily pain diaries. Mean facial muscle electronmyographic activity for 30-second epochs averaged over the entire period of sleep did not reveal any differences in muscle activity across the three conditions. These data indicate that improvements in sleep quality and alterations in sleep architecture do not affect nocturnal facial muscle activity or subsequent pain report in temporomandibular patients, thereby failing to support the hypothesized relationship between sleep disturbances and chronic orofacial pain. C1 NIDR, Pain & Neurosensory Mech Branch, NIH, Clin Pharmacol Unit, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orofacial Pain Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Dionne, RA (reprint author), NIDR, Pain & Neurosensory Mech Branch, NIH, Clin Pharmacol Unit, 10 Ctr Dr,Room 1N-103, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM Dionne@yoda.nidr.nih.gov NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU QUINTESSENCE PUBL CO INC PI CAROL STREAM PA 551 NORTH KIMBERLY DR, CAROL STREAM, IL 60188-1881 USA SN 1064-6655 J9 J OROFAC PAIN JI J. Orofac. Pain PD SPR PY 1998 VL 12 IS 2 BP 116 EP 123 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 103FR UT WOS:000075147700003 PM 9656889 ER PT J AU Wilkey, KD Mehserle, W AF Wilkey, KD Mehserle, W TI Mechanical characteristics of eight femoral intramedullary nailing systems SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Orthopaedic-Surgeons CY FEB, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Acad Orthopaed Surgeons DE femoral nail; mechanical characteristics; strength; rigidity AB Objective: There are few nonproprietary papers addressing the mechanical strength of intramedullary nails; none address the characteristics of the proximal and distal ends of these devices. Our objective was to provide such data. Design: Independent testing of eight femoral intramedullary nail systems at the proximal, middle, and distal regions was undertaken to evaluate strength and flexural rigidity (stiffness). Methods: Each device, usually a reconstruction nail, was forty two to forty-six centimeters in length. Four or five nails of each available size (range 9 to 13 millimeters in diameter) were tested for each system. The nails were cut into proximal, middle, and distal thirds. Each nail section was loaded to failure using a four-point bend test on a custom fixture (modification of the American Society of Testing Materials standard test). Results: Significant variations (p < 0.05) were found in strength and stiffness between the middle and the proximal or distal aspects some rods. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed when comparing the properties of earlier designs with the properties of more recent designs. Newer rod designs all performed in a similar manner with regard to strength. Strength and rigidity increased with increasing rod diameter in some but nor all systems. Conclusions: Although none of the newer designs appeared to have superior static strength, the individual systems had significant variations in their mechanical properties (bending rigidity), particularly in the proximal and distal sections. It is important that the surgeon become familiar with the individual characteristics of strength and rigidity for the particular devices available and how these might impact fracture healing. Consideration of this information could alter the decision to select one system over another in a complex fracture situation. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Wilkey, KD (reprint author), Guthrie MEDDAC, Dept Orthopaed, 11050 Mt Belvedere Blvd, Ft Drum, NY 13602 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0890-5339 J9 J ORTHOP TRAUMA JI J. Orthop. Trauma PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 12 IS 3 BP 177 EP 185 DI 10.1097/00005131-199803000-00008 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA ZE001 UT WOS:000072747000008 PM 9553858 ER PT J AU Segletes, SB Walters, WP AF Segletes, SB Walters, WP TI On theories of the Gruneisen parameter SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE metals; equations-of-state; thermodynamic properties; anharmonicity ID UNIVERSAL FEATURES; THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY; EQUATION; STATE; SOLIDS AB A recently proposed equation-of-state is examined further for compatibility with prior theory. It is found, by adopting a more realistic functional relationship for one of the thermodynamic state variables and eliminating higher-order terms from the model, that three historical theories for determination of the Gruneisen function fall directly out of the recently proposed model. One is led to conclude that the newer model captures the essence of all of the older theories, each of which is applicable under an appropriate circumstance. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Segletes, SB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD MAR PY 1998 VL 59 IS 3 BP 425 EP 433 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(97)00132-7 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA YR362 UT WOS:000071487800017 ER PT J AU Beiter, CA Price, EW AF Beiter, CA Price, EW TI Leading-edge flame detachment: Effect on pressure-coupled combustion response SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB An experiment was conducted to establish the critical role of a detailed aspect of the flamelet structure in composite propellants in determining the overall combustion response to pressure oscillations during combustor instability. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Beiter, CA (reprint author), USA, Foreign Sci & Technol Ctr, IAFSTC RMT, 220 7th St NE, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 14 IS 2 BP 160 EP 165 DI 10.2514/2.5281 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA ZB675 UT WOS:000072496300005 ER PT J AU Cameron, SM Joyce, A Brousseau, JS Parker, MH AF Cameron, SM Joyce, A Brousseau, JS Parker, MH TI Radiographic verification of implant abutment seating SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article AB Statement of problem. It is possible to incorrectly seat an abutment on an external hex implant. Purpose, This study investigated the theoretical and practical limits of radiographic verification of the complete: stating of implant abutments on external hex implants. Material and methods, A positioning device that could accurately place the film and/or tube head in any vertical relation desired relative to the implant and abutment was fabricated. For all records, a standard abutment was secured to the implant in both a fully seated position (closed) and with the abutment turned approximately 30 degrees and seated atop the implant external hex (open). Digital radiographs were made with the tube head fixed perpendicular to the implant and the film angled at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 degrees. The film was then positioned parallel to the implant and the tube head was angled at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 degrees. An image of each position was shown to 36 dentists and they were asked if the image was diagnostic for determining the status of the implant/abutment interface. Results, The data were analyzed with a computer statistics program. The group with the tube head changed was analyzed with the Cochran's Q test and revealed a statistically significant (p < 0.0001) change in the diagnostic value of radiographs beginning at 20 degrees. The group with the film angle changed was analyzed with a Pearson chi-square and showed no statistical difference (p = 0.394) for the diagnostic value of any of the film angles. Conclusion. Maintaining the tube head to less than 20 degrees from perpendicular to the long axis of the implant resulted in a diagnostic radiograph, regardless of the angle of the film. C1 USA, Dent Activ, Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Prosthodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Cameron, SM (reprint author), USA, Dent Activ, Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Prosthodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 7 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 79 IS 3 BP 298 EP 303 DI 10.1016/S0022-3913(98)70241-0 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA ZE778 UT WOS:000072830000012 PM 9553883 ER PT J AU Fell, NF Vanderhoff, JA Pesce-Rodriguez, RA McNesby, KL AF Fell, NF Vanderhoff, JA Pesce-Rodriguez, RA McNesby, KL TI Characterization of Raman spectral changes in energetic materials and propellants during heating SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; SPECTROSCOPY; RDX; FORMULATIONS; EXPLOSIVES; PYROLYSIS; CHEMISTRY; SURFACE; HMX AB Raman spectroscopy has been shown to be a useful tool for characterizing neat crystalline explosive samples and for identifying principal components in many propellant and explosive formulations. This paper reports recent measurements of Raman spectra of explosives and propellant formulations during bulk heating and recent measurements of laser heating of the samples during the measurement of Raman spectra, The results of these measurements are important to investigators using Raman spectroscopy to measure vibrational spectra at the surface of burning propellant samples, (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP McNesby, KL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 29 IS 3 BP 165 EP 172 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4555(199803)29:3<165::AID-JRS219>3.0.CO;2-8 PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA ZD565 UT WOS:000072699300001 ER PT J AU Lawton, GW Hung, TM Saarela, P Hatfield, BD AF Lawton, GW Hung, TM Saarela, P Hatfield, BD TI Electroencephalography and mental states associated with elite performance SO JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electroencephalography; mental states; elite performers; closed skills; psychophysiology ID HEART-RATE; COGNITIVE-PROCESSES; BRAIN; EEG; PATTERNS; ARCHERS; TIME AB High levels of athletic performance are frequently attributed to mental states. Evidence for this attribution comes mainly from phenomenological reports of athletes. However, research with elite performers using electrophysiological measures has tracked changes in nervous system activity in real time during performance, which may further understanding of such states. Specific patterns of psychophysiological activity from the cerebral cortex, in the form of event-related slow potentials (SPs), as well as spectral content measured by electroencephalography (EEG), occur in the few seconds of performance (preshot) preparation. We discuss these data. We suggest that the logical structure of research with athletes differs from other psychophysiological research. We emphasize the theoretical mind-body issues and the logical structure of these investigations to suggest directions for future research. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Kinesiol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Res Inst, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Lawton, GW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Kinesiol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 46 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 11 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 0895-2779 J9 J SPORT EXERCISE PSY JI J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 20 IS 1 BP 35 EP 53 PG 19 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA ZA608 UT WOS:000072381700003 ER PT J AU Wilson, DK AF Wilson, DK TI Performance bounds for acoustic direction-of-arrival arrays operating in atmospheric turbulence SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RANDOM-MEDIA; SHEAR FLOWS; INTERMITTENCY; PROPAGATION; VELOCITY; SCATTERING; WAVES; LAYER AB A method is described for assessing the precision of wavefront direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimates made by acoustic arrays. Arrays operating in turbulent atmospheric boundary layers we considered, The method involves calculating the Cramer-Rao lower bound, which describes the best obtainable DOA precision (performance) for a given array and environment. For simplicity, it is assumed that the source is monochromatic, and multipath effects art not considered. The predicted performance bounds are found to degrade with increasing propagation distance, increasing frequency, and increasing turbulence strength. Performance predictions using several different thee-dimensional turbulence models an compared: isotropic and anisotropic Gaussian models, the von Karman model, and the Kolmogorov model, with the last in both intermittent and nonintermittent forms. When array performance is limited by turbulence (as opposed to background noise), the turbulence model strongly affects the calculated performance bounds. The results also suggest that degradation in DOA estimates results primarily from shear-generated, small-scale fluctuations in the wind velocity. Large, boundary-layer-scale eddies map still play a significant indirect role by driving intermittent episodes of high wind shear. [S0001-4966(98)01403-9]. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL IS EE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL IS EE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 31 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 103 IS 3 BP 1306 EP 1319 DI 10.1121/1.421271 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA ZB933 UT WOS:000072522900009 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Derby, JJ AF Zhou, H Derby, JJ TI Three-dimensional finite-element analysis of viscous sintering SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 99th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 04-07, 1997 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Amer Ceram Soc ID STOKES-FLOW DRIVEN; SURFACE-TENSION; CAPILLARITY; SIMULATION; DENSIFICATION; CERAMICS; MODELS; COALESCENCE; PARTICLES; EQUATIONS AB A finite-element model is developed and implemented on a massively parallel supercomputer to study the viscous sintering of a three-dimensional (3-D) configuration of three particles. Model development is described, implementation is discussed, and calculations are compared with benchmark results for a two-dimensional (2-D) axisymmetric case. For the first time, detailed simulation results are shown for the viscous sintering of a 3-D, three-particle system, The calculations predict center approach of particle pairs concurrent with asymmetric neck growth, effects which ultimately lead to an inward rotation of the outer particles, Anisotropic shrinkage arises due to this 3-D rearrangement of the particles during sintering. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Derby, JJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI Derby, Jeffrey/B-9706-2009; OI Derby, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6418-2155 NR 48 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 81 IS 3 BP 533 EP 540 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA ZC554 UT WOS:000072592300011 ER PT J AU Bosworth, AB Meola, SM Thompson, M Olson, JK AF Bosworth, AB Meola, SM Thompson, M Olson, JK TI Chorionic morphology of eggs of the Psorophora confinnis complex in the United States. II. Pre- and postdeposition studies of Psorophora columbiae (Dyar and Knab) eggs SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE mosquito; Psorophora columbiae; egg; morphology; chorion AB Scanning and transmission electron microscopic techniques were used to determine the morphology of the exochorion and endochorion of Psorophora columbiae eggs as found in the ovary and after deposition. In the ovary, the outer chorionic reticulations and tubercles of the eggs are ornately developed below the follicular epithelium. Expansion of the eggs after deposition causes the outer chorionic reticuli and sculpturing (i.e., minor and major tubercles) to form the characteristic spinose appearance of Psorophora eggs. Transmission electron microscopic micrographs of cross and sagittal sections of the chorionic layers of Ps. columbine eggs indicate that the major outer chorionic tubercles have 3 distinct regions. The 3rd region was found only on the dorsum of the tubercle. Elevation of major tubercles appears to be regulated, at least in parr, by ambient moisture conditions, and one function of these tubercles seems to be adhesion of the egg to an oviposition surface. C1 USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USA, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. RP Bosworth, AB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 14 IS 1 BP 46 EP 57 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZN859 UT WOS:000073690500007 PM 9599323 ER PT J AU Atwater, TB Salkind, AJ AF Atwater, TB Salkind, AJ TI Thermodynamic and kinetic study of the Li/MnO2 center dot Bi2O3 electrochemical couple SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Letter AB MnO2 .(Bi2O3)(0.06) cathode material showed improved performance over typical beta-MnO2 in primary lithium battery prototype cells. Studies indicate that Bi2O3 surface-modified beta-MnO2 material provided alternative catalytic discharge mechanisms, which lower the activation energy of the cell reaction.(1) C1 Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Atwater, TB (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 145 IS 3 BP L31 EP L33 DI 10.1149/1.1838330 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA YZ478 UT WOS:000072258100001 ER PT J AU Lahart, MJ AF Lahart, MJ TI Analysis of a cylindrical dielectric waveguide with three regions by use of an invariant mode-definition parameter SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MODE; VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS; OPTICAL FIBERS; GRADED-CORE; W-FIBERS; INDEX AB Boundary conditions at a dielectric interface are expressed in terms of electrodynamic vector and scalar potentials that are expressed in terms of two-dimensional scalar solutions to the wave equation. Possible field configurations are expressed in terms of linear combinations of the scalar solutions. Their behavior at a dielectric interface and within a region of constant permittivity is investigated, and a parameter that is used to define propagation modes in cylindrical dielectric waveguides is shown to have the same value in regions with different permittivities. Scalar expressions that include this parameter are used to calculate exact expressions for fields and propagation constants in a cylindrical dielectric waveguide with three coaxial regions. The characteristics of propagation modes in these waveguides are discussed. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lahart, MJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 15 IS 3 BP 727 EP 735 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.15.000727 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA YY732 UT WOS:000072178300020 ER PT J AU Tzeng, JT Abrahamian, AS AF Tzeng, JT Abrahamian, AS TI An experimental method for compressive properties of laminated composites at high rates of loading SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB Dynamic responses of composite materials are characterized for ballistic engineering applications. An experimental method has been developed to investigate the dynamic effects on material behavior at a strain rate typically found during the launching of a projectile. An air-gun system and a test fixture with a designed crashing mechanism are used to simulate a loading condition resulting from gun firing. Methods of data acquisition and reduction have also been developed using a streak camera and a film digitization technique. The system is calibrated and verified by testing aluminum samples, and fairly good results are obtained. Finally, polymer composite laminates with lay-up constructions of interest are tested. Strain rate effects on the compressive strength are determined at strain rates of 10-100 in/sec. The failure mechanism of composite laminates is also investigated, which provides an understanding of the strengthening mechanism of composites subjected to impact. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Directorate, AMSRL,WM,PD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Tzeng, JT (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Directorate, AMSRL,WM,PD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0892-7057 EI 1530-7980 J9 J THERMOPLAST COMPOS JI J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 11 IS 2 BP 133 EP 143 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA ZC043 UT WOS:000072533800004 ER PT J AU Teichman, JMH Johnson, AJ Yates, JT Angle, BN Dirks, MS Muirhead, JT Thompson, IM Pearle, MS AF Teichman, JMH Johnson, AJ Yates, JT Angle, BN Dirks, MS Muirhead, JT Thompson, IM Pearle, MS TI Color vision deficits during laser lithotripsy using safety goggles for coumarin green or alexandrite but not with holimium : YAG laser safety goggles SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE lasers; lithotripsy; color perception; color vision defects; eye protective devices ID MUNSELL 100-HUE TEST; PERFORMANCE; WAVELENGTH AB Purpose: Laser lithotripsy requires urologists to wear laser eye protection. Laser eye protection devices screen out specific light wavelengths and may distort color perception. This study tests whether urologists risk color confusion when wearing laser eye protection devices for laser lithotripsy. Materials and Methods: Urologists were tested with the Farnsworth Dichotomous Test for Color Blindness (D-15) and the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test (FM-100) without (control) and with laser eye protection devices for coumarin green, alexandrite and holmium:YAG lasers. Error scores were tabulated. The pattern of color deficits was characterized with confusion angles, confusion index (C-index), scatter index (S-index) and color axes. Laser eye protection devices were tested with spectrophotometry for spectral transmittance and optical density. Results: The D-15 transposition errors (mean plus or minus standard deviation) for control, holmium:YAG, alexandrite and coumarin green laser eye protection were 0 +/- 0, 0 +/- 0, 0.3 +/- 0.5 and 6.4 +/- 1.6, respectively (p = 0.0000001). The FM-100 error scores (mean plus or minus standard deviation) were 20 +/- 15, 20 +/- 14, 91 +/- 32 and 319 +/- 69, respectively (p = 0.0001). The confusion index scores indicated a mild color confusion for the alexandrite and pronounced color confusion for the coumarin green laser eye protection. The confusion angles and scatter indexes mimicked a congenital blue-yellow deficit for coumarin green laser eye protection. Color axes showed no significant deficits for control or holmium:YAG laser eye protection in any subject, red-green axis deficits in 3 of 6 tested with alexandrite and blue-yellow axis deficits in 12 of 12 tested with coumarin green (p < 0.001). Spectrophotometry showed that laser eye protection for coumarin green blocks light less than 550 nm., alexandrite blocks light greater than 650 nm. and holmium:YAG blocks light greater than 825 nm. Conclusions: Laser eye protection for coumarin green causes pronounced blue-yellow color confusion, whereas alexandrite causes mild red-green color confusion among urologists, holmium:YAG causes no significant color confusion compared to controls. The differences are explained by laser eye protection spectrophotometry characteristics and visual physiology. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Urol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Div Urol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Armstrong Lab, Visual Electrodiagnost, Ophthalmol Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Aeromed Consultat Serv, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Div Urol, Dallas, TX USA. RP Teichman, JMH (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Urol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 159 IS 3 BP 683 EP 689 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)63700-5 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA YW252 UT WOS:000071913700011 PM 9474125 ER PT J AU McLeod, DG AF McLeod, DG TI Prostate cancer in American Indians, New Mexico, 1969 to 1994 - Comment SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SURVIVAL; RACE; P53 C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP McLeod, DG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 159 IS 3 BP 897 EP 898 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA YW252 UT WOS:000071913700076 ER PT J AU Thompson, IM AF Thompson, IM TI Prostate cancer in American Indians, New Mexico, 1969 to 1994 - Comment SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SURVIVAL C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Thompson, IM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 159 IS 3 BP 897 EP 897 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA YW252 UT WOS:000071913700075 ER PT J AU Bauer, JJ Connelly, RR Seterhenn, IA Deausen, J Srivastava, S McLeod, DG Moul, JW AF Bauer, JJ Connelly, RR Seterhenn, IA Deausen, J Srivastava, S McLeod, DG Moul, JW TI Biostatistical modeling using traditional preoperative and pathological prognostic variables in the selection of men at high risk for disease recurrence after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostatic neoplasms; prostatectomy; neoplasm recurrence, local ID RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY; CLINICAL STAGE; FOLLOW-UP; PROGRESSION; ANTIGEN; PREDICT; PENETRATION; EXPRESSION; FEATURES; THERAPY AB Purpose: Biostatistical models predicting the risk of recurrence after radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer are necessary. Identifying these high risk patients shortly after surgery, while tumor burden is minimal, makes them candidates for possible adjuvant therapy and/or investigational phase II clinical trials. This study builds on previously proposed models that predict the likelihood of early recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Materials and Methods: In our analysis we evaluate age, race, prostatic acid phosphatase and nuclear grade with the established prognostic variables of pretreatment prostate specific antigen, postoperative Gleason sum and pathological stage. Results: After multivariable Cox regression analysis using only statistically significant variables that predicted recurrence we developed an equation that calculates the relative risk of recurrence (Rr) as: Rr = exp[(0.51 x Race) + (0.12 x PSA(ST)) + (0.25 x Postop Gleason sum) + (0.89 x Organ Conf.). These cases are then categorized into 3 distinct risk groups of relative risk of recurrence of low (<10.0), intermediate (10.0 to 30.0) and high (>30.0). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of these 3 risk groups reveals that each category has significantly different risks of recurrence (p <0.05). This model is validated with an independent cohort of radical prostatectomy patients treated at a different medical center by multiple primary surgeons. Conclusions: This model suggests that race, preoperative prostate specific antigen, postoperative Gleason sum and pathological stage are important independent prognosticators of recurrence after radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer. Race should be considered in future models that attempt to predict the likelihood of recurrence after surgery. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Genitourinary Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 25 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 159 IS 3 BP 929 EP 933 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)63773-X PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA YW252 UT WOS:000071913700084 PM 9474185 ER PT J AU Moul, JW Connelly, RR Perahia, B McLeod, DG AF Moul, JW Connelly, RR Perahia, B McLeod, DG TI The contemporary value of pretreatment prostatic acid phosphatase to predict pathological stage and recurrence in radical prostatectomy cases SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; acid phosphatase; prognosis ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CIRCULATING TUMOR-CELLS; CANCER; ANTIGEN; SERUM; CARCINOMA; MEN AB Purpose: We examine the clinical prognostic value of the currently available simple and inexpensive immunoenzymatic prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) assay for the staging and prognosis of radical prostatectomy cases. Materials and Methods: Between February 1, 1990 and May 3, 1996 pretreatment PAP was measured in 295 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. From February 1, 1990 to May 17, 1992 the Hybritech Tandem-E dagger assay was used in 75 cases, from May 18, 1992 to February 28, 1993 the Abbott EIA double dagger assay was used in 49 and from March 1, 1993 to May 3, 1996 the Abbott IMx double dagger assay was used in 171. PAP assays were analyzed individually and the results were combined with pretreatment prostate specific antigen (PSA) values to assess the ability to predict organ confined prostate cancer and serological recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Results: PAP testing was not of value for predicting organ confined disease or positive margins. However, this test was useful for predicting the first serological PSA recurrence ih the 3 periods (77 to 85% correct) and overall (82% correct, p <0.001, odds ratio 6.06). The Kaplan-Meier disease-free survival rate at 4 years was 78.8% for men with PAP less than 3 ng./ml. and 38.8% for those with PAP 3 ng./ml. or greater, which was significant when pretreatment PSA was less than 10 ng./ml. (p = 0.047), 10 ng./ml. or greater (p = 0.012) and overall (p <0.001). PAP testing added prognostic information to pretreatment PSA values and it was an independent predictor of recurrence. Conclusions: The widely available and inexpensive PAP assays of the 1990s are predictors of recurrence after radical prostatectomy. They should be included in future studies of prostate cancer recurrence modeling. However, they do not predict pathological stage or margin status. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 159 IS 3 BP 935 EP 940 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)63775-3 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA YW252 UT WOS:000071913700086 PM 9474187 ER PT J AU Liu, X Hermalin, AI Chuang, YL AF Liu, X Hermalin, AI Chuang, YL TI The effect of education on mortality among older Taiwanese and its pathways SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL NETWORKS; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; HEALTH; DIFFERENTIALS; SUPPORT; STRESS; PEOPLE; JAPAN AB The present research examines the impact of education on the mortality of older Taiwanese during a 4-year interval from April 1989 to April 1993. Data used for this study come from the Taiwan Survey of Health & Living Status of the Elderly (1989). The research decomposes the effect of education into the direct effect and the indirect effects by means of health status, health behaviors, and social relationships. We have shown that of the total effect of educational attainment on the mortality of older Taiwanese, about 83% represents indirect influences by means of the 3 mediating factors, particularly health status. On the other hand, the magnitude of the direct effect, which might reflect influences of additional intervening variables on old-age mortality, is low and not statistically significant. The results demonstrate that the apparent strong effect of education on mortality among older Taiwanese can be accounted for parsimoniously through 3 major pathways. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Michigan, Ctr Populat Studies, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, 6900 Georgia Ave NW,Bldg 2,Ward 64, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM xian.liu@wramcl.amedd.army.mil FU NIA NIH HHS [AG07637] NR 40 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1079-5014 J9 J GERONTOL B-PSYCHOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. B-Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 53 IS 2 BP S71 EP S82 PG 12 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychology GA ZB989 UT WOS:000072528500009 PM 9520932 ER PT J AU O'Brien, C Hoyt, RW Buller, MJ Castellani, JW Young, AJ AF O'Brien, C Hoyt, RW Buller, MJ Castellani, JW Young, AJ TI Telemetry pill measurement of core temperature in humans during active heating and cooling SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE exercise; ambulatory monitoring ID EXERCISE AB Purpose: This study compared the agreement between core temperature measurements obtained using an ingestible temperature pill telemetry system (T-pill) with those obtained from rectal (T-re) and esophageal (T-es) thermocouples under conditions of increasing and decreasing body temperature. Methods: Four men and five women (age 25 +/- 2 yr, BSA 1.81 +/- 0.05 m(2), (V)over dot O-2 peak 3.1 +/- 0.4 L.min(-1)) participated in four 3-h trials: cold (18 degrees C) water rest (CWR), cold water exercise (CWE), warm (36 degrees C) water rest (WWR), and warm water exercise (WWE). Subjects were immersed to the neck for each trial. During resting trials, subjects sat quietly. During exercise trials, subjects completed three bouts of 15 min of rest, followed by 45 min of exercise on a cycle ergometer at 50% of peak oxygen uptake. The temperature pill was taken 10-12 h before testing, after which the subjects fasted. Results: The trials created conditions of constantly decreasing (GWR) or increasing (WWR) core temperature, as well as periods of oscillating core temperature (CWE and WWE). Root mean squared deviation (RMSD) was calculated for each pair of measurements (T-pill vs T-re, T-pill vs T-es, T-re vs T-es) for each trial. An RMSD of "0" indicates perfect agreement; as RMSD increases, agreement worsens. On CWR, the RMSD for T-pill-T-es (0.23 +/- 0.04) was lower (P < 0.05) than for T-pill-T-re (0.43 +/- 0.10) or T-re-T-es (0.46 +/- 0.09). There were no significant differences in RMSD between measurement pairs on any other trial (average RMSD = 0.26 degrees C). Telemetry pill temperature and response time tended to be intermediate between T-re and T-es. Conclusion: These results suggest the telemetry pill system provides a valid measurement of core temperature during conditions of decreasing as well as increasing body temperature and during steady state. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP O'Brien, C (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 7 TC 133 Z9 135 U1 2 U2 15 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 30 IS 3 BP 468 EP 472 DI 10.1097/00005768-199803000-00020 PG 5 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA ZA592 UT WOS:000072380100020 PM 9526896 ER PT J AU Welkos, S Friedlander, A McDowell, D Weeks, J Tobery, S AF Welkos, S Friedlander, A McDowell, D Weeks, J Tobery, S TI V antigen of Yersinia pestis inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Yersinia pestis; V antigen; chemotaxis; neutrophil; immunosuppression ID VIRULENCE; MICE; SUPPRESSION; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; OPERON; PLAGUE; INVIVO; LCRV AB V antigen (V), a secreted protein encoded by the 70kb low-calcium response plasmid of Yersinia pestis, is an essential virulence factor. In animal models, it inhibits the early host inflammatory response to infection which is associated with decreased blood and tissue levels of proinflammatory cytokine synthesis. To elucidate further the pathogenetic mechanism(s) of V, in vitro systems are needed to measure and analyse relevant functional activities of V. We studied the effect of V on the migration of neutrophils to a chemoattractant both in vivo and in vitro. Peripheral injection of V was associated with a reduction in the number of PMN migrating into s.c. sponges and i.p. exudates. Similarly, pre-incubating human peripheral blood neutrophils with greater than or equal to 1 ng/ml V significantly inhibited the in vitro chemotactic response to the peptide chemoattractant FMLP. The inhibitory activity of V was inactivated by heat and was neutralized by rabbit polyclonal anti-V IgG as well as by sera from mice surviving infection with Y. pestis. Recombinant polyhistidine-tagged V fusion proteins retained biological activity compared to V proteins lacking the tag. Inhibition of chemotaxis appears to be the first demonstration of an in vitro biological effect of V and may be a useful model to elucidate its molecular mechanism of action. C1 USA, Div Bacteriol, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Welkos, S (reprint author), USA, Div Bacteriol, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 33 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 24 IS 3 BP 185 EP 196 DI 10.1006/mpat.1997.0188 PG 12 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA ZE512 UT WOS:000072800300006 PM 9514641 ER PT J AU Bourque, SA AF Bourque, SA TI Untitled - Reply SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Ctr Mil Hist, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Bourque, SA (reprint author), USA, Ctr Mil Hist, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N STREET NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD SPR PY 1998 VL 52 IS 2 BP 324 EP 324 PG 1 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA ZJ446 UT WOS:000073216500031 ER PT J AU Chisick, MC Poindexter, FR York, AK AF Chisick, MC Poindexter, FR York, AK TI Comparing annual dental utilization rates of active duty US military personnel and their employed civilian cohorts SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Public-Health-Dentistry, 60th CY OCT 15-17, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Assoc Publ Hlth Dent AB This study compares annual dental utilization rates between a representative sample of active duty U.S. military personnel (N = 11,765) and a national sample of employed U.S. civilians (N = 10,798), Military data were collected between April 1994 and January 1995 at 26 sites using self-administered questionnaires on a prestratified, random sample of Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine personnel, Women and blacks were oversampled. Civilian data are from the most recent U.S. oral health survey of working adults, Results show that annual dental utilization rates of service members exceed those of their employed civilian cohorts. Overall, 86% of active duty military personnel have seen a dentist in the past year versus barely half of employed civilians, For service members, annual dental utilization is invariant across age, sex, race, education, branch of service, and rank. Dental health class and perceived need for dental care are inversely related to annual denial utilization. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Chisick, MC (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 163 IS 3 BP 148 EP 150 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZA537 UT WOS:000072374300005 PM 9542853 ER PT J AU Chisick, MC Poindexter, FR York, AK AF Chisick, MC Poindexter, FR York, AK TI Dental utilization by spouses of active duty US military personnel SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the International-Association-for-Dental-Research CY MAR 19-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Int Assoc Dental Res AB This study explores dental utilization and access barriers to dental care for spouses of active duty U.S. military personnel as reported by their military sponsor, It also compares dental utilization of spouses and civilians, The data, collected using self-administered questionnaires between April 1994 and January 1995, are from 5,732 Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine personnel with nonmilitary spouses, Comparative civilian data are from the most recent (1985-1986) U.S. oral health survey of working adults, Results show that dental utilization of military spouses parallels that of civilians. Cost was the most commonly cited barrier to dental care for spouses. Logistic regression results show that the likelihood of a spouse having seen a dentist within the past year is influenced by insurance status, sex, branch of service of sponsor, and rank of sponsor, Insurance status is the strongest predictor of dental utilization for spouses. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Chisick, MC (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 163 IS 3 BP 151 EP 154 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZA537 UT WOS:000072374300006 PM 9542854 ER PT J AU Chisick, MC Poindexter, FR York, AK AF Chisick, MC Poindexter, FR York, AK TI The need for and prevalence of dental sealants in active duty US military personnel SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Public-Health-Dentistry, 60th CY OCT 15-17, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Assoc Publ Hlth Dent ID CARIES; POPULATION; COST; PIT AB This paper explores the need for and the prevalence of dental sealants in active duty U.S. military personnel, The data come from the 1994 Tri-Service Comprehensive Oral Health Survey. Data were collected on 13,050 Army, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Navy active duty personnel at 26 sites, Women and minorities were oversampled. Both bivariate and logistic regression analyses were done on the need for at least one dental sealant and the prevalence of at least one dental sealant in service members. Weighted data (1,669,662) were used for the bivariate analyses; unweighted data were used for the regressions, Results show that 3.6% of service members need dental sealants and that 6.8% have dental sealants. The need for dental sealants varies across age, rank, and branch of service, The prevalence of dental sealants varies across age, race, rank, and branch of service. The cost-effectiveness of dental sealants in this population should be established. C1 USA, Ctr Hlt Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Chisick, MC (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlt Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 163 IS 3 BP 155 EP 158 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZA537 UT WOS:000072374300007 PM 9542855 ER PT J AU Hawkins, JK Ciresi, SA Phillips, WJ AF Hawkins, JK Ciresi, SA Phillips, WJ TI Performance of the universal portable anesthesia complete vaporizer with mechanical ventilation in both drawover and pushover configurations SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Trauma Anesthesia and Critical Care Symposium CY MAY 12, 1995 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND AB Currently, a mechanical ventilator that can be adapted to the Universal Portable Anesthesia Complete (UPAC) vaporizer and anesthetic delivery system does not exist. The need for the anesthetist to concentrate on drug delivery and fluid resuscitation for the combat casualty in the field setting provides an expedient for the adaptation of a ventilator to the UPAC system. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the performance of the UPAC vaporizer was significantly altered when mechanical ventilation was provided in a drawover versus a pushover configuration, and to provide vaporizer performance curves for ventilatory parameters common for mechanical ventilation, The Ohio V5A and Lifecare PLV-100 ventilators were used in controlled benchwork analysis, The results of the comparison between the two ventilators indicated that there was no significant difference in vaporizer output between drawover and pushover configurations. The data indicated that vaporizer output could be reliably predicted in either mode and was correlated with tidal volume and respiratory rate. C1 Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. RP Hawkins, JK (reprint author), Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 163 IS 3 BP 159 EP 163 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZA537 UT WOS:000072374300008 PM 9542856 ER PT J AU Hawkins, JK Ciresi, SA Phillips, WJ AF Hawkins, JK Ciresi, SA Phillips, WJ TI Clinical evaluation of pushover mechanical ventilation with the Ohmeda Universal Portable Anesthesia Complete vaporizer SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Previous studies have not demonstrated the usefulness of a mechanical ventilator with the Universal Portable Anesthesia Complete (UPAC) field anesthesia delivery system in a pushover mode. This study demonstrated that the Lifecare PLV-100 ventilator can function effectively in a practical pushover configuration with the UPAC vaporizer. By comparison, vaporizer output followed the patterns of documented concentration curves for isoflurane at a given dial setting and, minute ventilation, Measured airway pressures in the breathing circuit were within physiological parameters. C1 Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. RP Hawkins, JK (reprint author), Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 163 IS 3 BP 164 EP 168 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZA537 UT WOS:000072374300009 PM 9542857 ER PT J AU Tis, JE Berrey, BH Temple, HT AF Tis, JE Berrey, BH Temple, HT TI Recognition and treatment of osteosarcoma in the military health care system SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OSTEO-SARCOMA; SURVIVAL; VARIABILITY; EXPERIENCE; TRENDS AB Forty-two patients with high-grade intramedullary osteosarcoma treated at Waiter Reed Army Medical Center between 1985 and 1995 were reviewed to determine what effects military "managed health care" had on diagnosis, treatment, and outcome, Five-year survival was 61% overall (SE +/- 9.9%), despite local disease control obtained in 95% of patients. There was a statistically significant difference between active duty members and dependents in time to diagnosis (p = 0.008), yet there was no significant difference in survival between the two groups. Five-year survival in our patient population was slightly lower than 5-year survival reported in some large civilian medical centers despite good local disease control and intensive multiagent chemotherapy, Delays in diagnosis and military status had no apparent effect on survival, although limb salvage was not possible in nearly 40% of patients because of tumor size, disease extent, and involvement of neurovascular structures. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Tis, JE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 163 IS 3 BP 169 EP 173 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZA537 UT WOS:000072374300010 PM 9542858 ER PT J AU Hernandez, J Thompson, I AF Hernandez, J Thompson, I TI Intermittent hormonal therapy for carcinoma of the prostate: A review SO MOLECULAR UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWEST-ONCOLOGY-GROUP; APOPTOTIC CELL-DEATH; ANDROGEN SUPPRESSION; CANCER; ORCHIECTOMY AB Hormonal therapy has been the mainstay of treatment for advanced prostate cancer since 1941. Significant palliation is common, but there may be significant adverse effects, Intermittent hormonal therapy may reduce the adverse effects, and it may also enhance antitumor effectiveness by slowing the emergence of androgen-independent clones. However, laboratory and early clinical data are conflicting, and large-scale clinical trials are needed to answer the many questions about efficacy and proper technique. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Thompson, I (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1091-5362 J9 MOL UROL JI Mol. Urol. PD SPR PY 1998 VL 2 IS 1 BP 19 EP 22 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 154NT UT WOS:000077895700004 ER PT J AU Schomer, PD Sias, JW AF Schomer, PD Sias, JW TI On spectral weightings to assess human response, indoors, to blast noise and sonic booms SO NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FIELD-LABORATORY TESTS; COMMUNITY RESPONSE; MILITARY SOUNDS; SMALL-ARMS AB For the past two decades, blast sounds and sonic booms both have been assessed the same way in the United States using C-weighted day-night average sound level. A new method which replaces the C-weighted day-night average sound level has been recommended by Schemer, reviewed by the National Research Council, and incorporated into a new American National Standard. This new method is based almost exclusively on blast sound research. In this new method, as in the previous method, sonic boom sounds are included and assessed in the same way as blast sounds using the C-frequency weighting. It was shown more recently by Schemer that blast and sonic boom sounds could be assessed in the same way, although there was an indication that for the same C-weighted sound exposure level, a boom sound would be about 5 dB more annoying than a blast sound. This paper further analyzes both the data gathered during that original study (performed in 1995) and additional spectral data gathered using the same structures and the same noise sources in 1996. In particular, this paper analyzes if a metric that includes more of the low-frequency energies than does C-weighting can provide a more consistent assessment of high-energy impulsive sounds, thus reducing the apparent 5-dB discrepancy between subjective assessments of boom and blast sounds. This paper also analyzes the 1995 human response data using a method recommended by Vos. The Vos method accounts for about 2-1/2 of the 5-dB difference while the enhanced low-frequency weighting can account for almost the full 5-dB discrepancy. Finally, this paper finds that window accelerations in the structures used for this experiment were nonlinear in the mid-frequency range. In these structures, a 1-dB increase in blast sound levels corresponds to about a 2-dB increase in window acceleration levels in the mid-frequency range. This relative increase in window acceleration levels may account for the 2-dB increase in adjusted sound exposure level for a 1-dB increase in blast sound CSEL that is inherent in the high-energy impulsive sound assessment methods contained in the new ANSI Standard of 1996. (C) 1998 Institute of Noise Control Engineering. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Labs, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Schomer, PD (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Labs, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NOISE CONTROL ENG PI POUGHKEEPSIE PA PO BOX 3206 ARLINGTON BRANCH, POUGHKEEPSIE, NY 12603 USA SN 0736-2501 J9 NOISE CONTROL ENG JI Noise Control Eng. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 46 IS 2 BP 57 EP 71 DI 10.3397/1.2828455 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Engineering GA ZN524 UT WOS:000073654500004 ER PT J AU Goli, RS Cockerham, K Smirniotopoulos, JG Zeidman, SM Dow, NS Bailey, RL AF Goli, RS Cockerham, K Smirniotopoulos, JG Zeidman, SM Dow, NS Bailey, RL TI The "dural tail sign": Not always a meningioma SO OPHTHALMIC PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article DE dural tail sign; meningioma; Langerhans' cell histiocytosis ID ENHANCED MR IMAGES; ADJACENT AB Periorbital masses are often referred to oculoplastic surgeons. We report a 20-year-old patient presenting with a tender supertemporal mass that on gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a prominent dural enhancement adjacent to the mass, the so-called "dural tail sign." This sign has been reported to be highly specific for a meningioma; however, recent literature challenges this view. In this case as well, the "dural tail sign" was not produced by a meningioma. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Cockerham, K (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, Bldg 2,Rm 1F, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Smirniotopoulos, James/D-3726-2011 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0740-9303 J9 OPHTHALMIC PLAST REC JI Ophthalmic Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 14 IS 2 BP 126 EP 129 DI 10.1097/00002341-199803000-00009 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA ZD604 UT WOS:000072703200010 PM 9558670 ER PT J AU Chang, CI Sun, TL Althouse, MLG AF Chang, CI Sun, TL Althouse, MLG TI Unsupervised interference rejection approach to target detection and classification for hyperspectral imagery SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE classification; detection; hyperspectral image; interference rejection; oblique subspace projection; orthogonal subspace projection; vector quantization ID PROJECTION AB A widely used approach to hyperspectral image classification is to model a mixed-pixel vector as a linear superposition of substances resident in a pixel with additive Gaussian noise. Using this linear mixture model many image processing techniques can be applied, such as linear unmixing or orthogonal subspace projection. However, a third source not considered in this model, called interference (clutter or structured noise), may sometimes give rise to more serious signal deterioration than the additive noise. We address this issue by introducing the interference into the linear mixture model. Including interference in the model enables us to treat the interference as another undesired source, like a passive jammer, so that it can be eliminated prior to detection and classification. This is particularly useful for hyperspectral images, which tend to have a high SNR but a low signal-to-interference ratio with the interference difficult to identify. To find and reject interference, we propose an unsupervised vector quantization-based interference rejection (UIR) approach in conjunction with either an orthogonal subspace projection (OSP) or an oblique subspace projection (OBSP) to simultaneously project a pixel into signature space as well as to null out interference. Since there is no prior knowledge about the interference, the UIR is implemented in an unsupervised manner to generate the desired interference clusters so that they can be annihilated by the OSP or OBSP. The proposed approach is shown by evaluation with Hyperspectral Digital Imagery Collection Experiment (HYDICE) data to exhibit considerable improvement in comparison to linear unmixing or the OSP where interference is not considered, (C) 1998 society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.[S0091-3286(98)00103-2]. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Remote Sensing Signal & Image Proc Lab, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, SCBRD RTE, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Chang, CI (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Remote Sensing Signal & Image Proc Lab, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NR 10 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE - INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA POB 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 37 IS 3 BP 735 EP 743 DI 10.1117/1.601905 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA ZC007 UT WOS:000072530200003 ER PT J AU Driggers, RG Cox, PG Leachtenauer, J Vollmerhausen, R Scribner, DA AF Driggers, RG Cox, PG Leachtenauer, J Vollmerhausen, R Scribner, DA TI Targeting and intelligence electro-optical recognition modeling: a juxtaposition of the probabilities of discrimination and the general image quality equation SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE electro-optical; performance; infrared; target acquisition; minimum resolvable temperature, National Imagery Interpretability Scale, general image quality equation AB The recognition of objects using target acquisition systems is modeled by a sensor's minimum resolvable temperature (MRT), the Johnson criteria, atmospherics, and object specifics. Collectively, these three characteristics provide an acquisition model for estimating the probability of object recognition (and detection, identification) as a function of sensor-to-object range. This technique is called the probabilities of discrimination. When quantifying the performance of intelligence-surveillance-reconnaissance (ISR) systems, object recognition is assessed using the National Imagery Interpretability Scale (NIIRS). Each NIIRS level corresponds to a different capacity for object recognition and is defined by a set of recognition criteria. The general image quality equation (GIQE) is the ISR sensor model that determines the expected NIIRS level of a sensor for a given set of sensor parameters. It is important that electro-optical sensor engineers understand both of these recognition models. The segregation between the target acquisition and ISR sensor communities is becoming less sharp as ISR sensors are beginning to be used for target acquisition purposes and visa versa. Network and wireless communication advances are providing the means for dual exploitation of these systems. Descriptions of these two recognition models, probabilities of discrimination, and the GIQE are provided. The two models are applied to example systems. Finally, the two models are compared and contrasted. (C) 1998 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.[S0091-3286(98)00503-0]. C1 USA, Commun & Elect Command, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. ERIM Lab, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Driggers, RG (reprint author), USA, Commun & Elect Command, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd,Suite 430, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE - INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA POB 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 37 IS 3 BP 789 EP 797 DI 10.1117/1.601911 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA ZC007 UT WOS:000072530200009 ER PT J AU Wang, LC Der, SZ Nasrabadi, NM AF Wang, LC Der, SZ Nasrabadi, NM TI Composite classifiers for automatic target recognition SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE automatic target recognition; neural networks; forward-looking infrared; learning decomposition; object recognition; classifier fusion ID MULTIPLE AB Composite classifiers that are constructed by combining a number of component classifiers are designed and evaluated on the problem of automatic target recognition (ATR) using forward-looking IR (FLIR) imagery. Two existing classifiers, one based on learning vector quantization and the other on modular neural networks, are used as the building blocks for our composite classifiers. A number of classifier fusion algorithms, which combine the outputs of all the component classifiers, and classifier selection algorithms, which use a cascade architecture that relies on a subset of the component classifiers, are analyzed. Each composite classifier is implemented and tested on a large data set of real FLIR images. The performance of the proposed composite classifiers are compared based on their classification ability and computational complexity. It is demonstrated that the composite classifier based on a cascade architecture greatly reduces computational complexity with a statistically insignificant decrease in performance in comparison to standard classifier fusion algorithms. (C) 1998 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(98)01803-0]. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, NY 14260 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE SE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wang, LC (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, NY 14260 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA POB 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 37 IS 3 BP 858 EP 868 DI 10.1117/1.601919 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA ZC007 UT WOS:000072530200017 ER PT J AU Rooks, VJ Sisler, C Burton, B AF Rooks, VJ Sisler, C Burton, B TI Cervical spine injury in child abuse: report of two cases SO PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFANT AB Pediatric cervical spine injuries have rarely been reported in the setting of child abuse. We report two cases of unsuspected lower cervical spine fracture-dislocation in twin infant girls who had no physical examination findings to suggest cervical spine injury. Classic radiographic findings of child abuse were noted at multiple other sites in the axial and appendicular skeleton. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging proved to be valuable in both the initial evaluation of the extent of cervical spine injury and in following postoperative changes. The unexpected yet devastating findings in these two cases further substantiate the importance of routine evaluation of the cervical spine in cases of suspected child abuse. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Rooks, VJ (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 7 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0301-0449 J9 PEDIATR RADIOL JI Pediatr. Radiol. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 28 IS 3 BP 193 EP 195 DI 10.1007/s002470050330 PG 3 WC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA ZJ111 UT WOS:000073180600018 PM 9561545 ER PT J AU Sessions, GR Pilcher, JJ Elsmore, TF AF Sessions, GR Pilcher, JJ Elsmore, TF TI Scopolamine-induced impairment in concurrent fixed-interval responding in a radial maze task SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE scopolamine; anticholinergic drugs; fixed-interval responding; memory; radial maze; foraging task; rat ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; CAUDATE-NUCLEUS; HUMAN MEMORY; TERM-MEMORY; RATS; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR; PHYSOSTIGMINE; IMPROVEMENT; AVOIDANCE AB The present study investigated the effects of scopolamine hydrobromide (SCOP; 0.06-1.0 mg/kg IP) and its quartenary analogue, scopolamine methylbromide (SCOPMB), on performance in a radial arm maze foraging task, to dissociate general drug-induced alterations of motor performance from measurement of impairments on more complex behaviors involving timing and memory. In this paradigm, rats are trained to free run a radial maze under an eight-alternative concurrent fixed-interval (FT) schedule of food reinforcement. The eight FIs (55 to 759 s) were assigned randomly to the arms of the maze, with a different pattern for each animal. SCOP produced dose-dependent degradation in response patterning and response rates in the concurrent FI schedules without significantly affecting the rates of arm entries or arm traversal latencies. The peripheral cholinergic antagonist, SCOPMB, generally produced small to moderate depressions in all measures with the exception of patterning of arm entries and pellets earned, but there were no clear dose-response relationships evident in the data. These results are consistent with the notion that central cholinergic mechanisms are involved in the mediation of complex conditioned behaviors. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Med Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Pilcher, JJ (reprint author), Bradley Univ, Dept Psychol, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 59 IS 3 BP 641 EP 647 DI 10.1016/S0091-3057(97)00475-9 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YZ786 UT WOS:000072291500011 PM 9512066 ER PT J AU Kant, GJ Wylie, RM Chu, K Ghosh, S AF Kant, GJ Wylie, RM Chu, K Ghosh, S TI Effects of the serotonin agonists 8-OH-DPAT, buspirone, and DOI on water maze performance SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE 8-OH-DPAT; buspirone; DOI; serotonin receptors; water maze; learning; 5-HT1A,5-HT2 ID RECEPTOR AGONISTS; LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY; ANXIOLYTIC DRUGS; 5-HT1A; MEMORY; RATS; MECHANISMS; DIAZEPAM AB We have previously reported that the serotonin 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT and the 5-HT2C agonist TFMPP impair performance on a water maze. In the present report we extended those studies by examining a second 5-HT1A agonist, buspirone, to see whether its effects paralleled those of 8-OH-DPAT, and by testing the effects of the 5-HT2 agonist DOI. Unlike the open pool Morris water maze, the maze used in these experiments has alleys and doorways. The maze can be easily reconfigured to present rats with both previously learned or new maze challenges. Performance is assessed by time to reach the maze exit platform and the number of wrong doorways entered (errors). At doses that did not affect performance in a previously learned maze, the 5-HT1A agonists 8-OH-DPAT (0.1 mg/kg) and buspirone (1 mg/kg) slowed acquisition of a new maze configuration as measured by both swim time to the exit platform and errors committed. A higher dose of buspirone (10 mg/kg) completely blocked acquisition of a novel maze. In contrast, DOI slowed performance as assessed by swim time on both a well-learned maze as well as acqui sition of a new maze, but did not affect error rate on either task, suggesting that this 5-HT2 agonist impaired performance by depressing motor activity. These experiments demonstrate that serotonin agonists, especially the 5-HT1A subtype, can impair learning. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Kant, GJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 59 IS 3 BP 729 EP 735 DI 10.1016/S0091-3057(97)00553-4 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YZ786 UT WOS:000072291500024 PM 9512079 ER PT J AU Haus, JW Viswanathan, R Scalora, M Kalocsai, AG Cole, JD Theimer, J AF Haus, JW Viswanathan, R Scalora, M Kalocsai, AG Cole, JD Theimer, J TI Enhanced second-harmonic generation in media with a weak periodicity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; OPTICAL FIBERS; FIELD; LASER; GLASS AB First-order multiple-scale perturbation theory is used to derive a set of coupled-mode equations valid for electromagnetic-wave propagation in a weakly periodic, nonlinear medium with periodicity on the order of a wavelength. We apply this to a problem where the medium has a chi((2)) response and find that the second-harmonic signal generated is enhanced when the fundamental is tuned near the band edge. Results are given for a possible experiment with optical fibers. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USA, Missile Command, Weap Sci Directorate, AMSMI,RD,WS,ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rome Lab, OCPA, I-00141 Rome, Italy. RP Haus, JW (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. NR 26 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 1998 VL 57 IS 3 BP 2120 EP 2128 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.57.2120 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA ZB155 UT WOS:000072441900084 ER PT J AU Dishman, RK Bunnell, BN Youngstedt, SD Yoo, HS Mougey, EH Meyerhoff, JL AF Dishman, RK Bunnell, BN Youngstedt, SD Yoo, HS Mougey, EH Meyerhoff, JL TI Activity wheel running blunts increased plasma adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) after footshock and cage-switch stress SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE exercise; corticosterone; prolactin; cross-stressor responsiveness ID TREADMILL EXERCISE; BETA-ENDORPHIN; AMENORRHEIC RUNNERS; RESPONSES; RATS; CORTICOSTERONE; SECRETION; PROLACTIN; RESPONSIVENESS; VASOPRESSIN AB We examined whether chronic circadian physical activity attenuates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal hormone responses after footshock with or without cage-switch stress. Young (45 g) male Fischer 344 rats were randomly assigned to individual suspended home cages (HC) or cages with activity wheels (AW) (12 h:12 h light-dark photoperiod). After 6 weeks, each animal from a pair matched on mass (HC and AW) and average weekly running distance (AW) was randomly assigned to controllable or uncontrollable footshock on 2 days separated by 24 h. Half the animals were returned to the HC after the first day of shuck, and half were switched to a new shoebox cage. One animal of each pair could end the shock for both rats by performing an FR-2 lever press. The yoked animal could not control the shock. After shock on Day 2, trunk blood was collected after decapitation. Plasma adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), corticosterone, and prolactin were determined by radioimmunoassay. ANOVA for a 2 Group (AW vs. sedentary) x 2 Test (controllable vs. uncontrollable shock) x 2 Condition (HC vs. cage-switch) design indicated a Group x Test x Condition effect [F(1, 48) = 5.07, p = 0.03] and a Test main effect [F(1, 47) = 6.93, p = 0.01] for ACTH. ACTH was higher for sedentary animals after uncontrollable footshock under cage-switch conditions and higher after uncontrollable versus controllable footshock when averaged across groups and cage conditions. No effects were found for corticosterone or prolactin. Our results extend to activity wheel running prior findings of a cross-stressor attenuation in plasma [ACTH] in response to cage-switch after treadmill exercise training, though the cross-stressor effect was additive with footshock. Consistent with our prior reports, the cross-stressor effect of wheel running was not apparent after footshock administered under home-cage conditions. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Exercise Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Psychol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Dishman, RK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Exercise Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 57 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 63 IS 5 BP 911 EP 917 DI 10.1016/S0031-9384(98)00017-1 PG 7 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA ZN303 UT WOS:000073632400024 PM 9618016 ER PT J AU Dave, V Sheth, M McCarthy, SP Ratto, JA Kaplan, DL AF Dave, V Sheth, M McCarthy, SP Ratto, JA Kaplan, DL TI Liquid crystalline, rheological and thermal properties of konjac glucomannan SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE liquid crystalline behaviour; konjac glucomannan; rheological properties ID CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; CELLULOSE; MANNAN; MIXTURES; MESOPHASE; BEHAVIOR; CHITOSAN; WEIGHT; FILMS AB Konjac glucomannan (KGM) exhibited liquid crystalline (LC) behaviour in aqueous solutions above 7% (w/w) concentrations as was determined by polarized optical microscopy and circular dichroism. The rheological properties of the concentrated LC solutions of KGM exhibited pseudoplastic behaviour. The fibrous extrudates retained a significant degree of flow-induced orientation as was determined by wide angle X-ray scattering, thereby indicating potential applications of KGM as fibres and films. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments showed that a significant degree of interaction occurred between KGM and water and that the KGM gels produced in our study cannot be classified as thermoreversible. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Plast Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Div Biotechnol, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP McCarthy, SP (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Plast Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 45 TC 66 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD MAR PY 1998 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1139 EP 1148 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(97)00255-3 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA YP458 UT WOS:000071278800019 ER PT J AU Fogel, IS Bendickson, JM Tocci, MD Bloemer, MJ Scalora, M Bowden, CM Dowling, JP AF Fogel, IS Bendickson, JM Tocci, MD Bloemer, MJ Scalora, M Bowden, CM Dowling, JP TI Spontaneous emission and nonlinear effects in photonic bandgap materials SO PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European-Optical-Society Meeting on Materials for Nonlinear Optics CY JUL 08-12, 1997 CL CAPRI, ITALY SP European Opt Soc ID OPTICAL DIODE; GAP MATERIALS; RATES; MEDIA; EDGE AB We summarize and review our theoretical and experimental work on spontaneous emission and nonlinear effects in one-dimensional, photonic bandgap (PBG) structures. We present a new result: a method for calculating the normal-mode solutions - and hence the spontaneous emission of embedded emitters - in an arbitrary, linear, lossless, one-dimensional, PBG structure. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Weapons Sci Directorate, AMSAM RD WS ST,Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Fogel, IS (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Weapons Sci Directorate, AMSAM RD WS ST,Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RI DOWLING, JONATHAN/L-2749-2013 NR 11 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-9659 J9 PURE APPL OPT JI Pure Appl. Opt. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 7 IS 2 BP 393 EP 407 DI 10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/029 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA ZF822 UT WOS:000072936700032 ER PT J AU Miller, AC Payne, BS AF Miller, AC Payne, BS TI Effects of disturbances on large-river mussel assemblages SO REGULATED RIVERS-RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Unionidae; bivalves; Corbicula fluminea; Dreissena polymorpha; disturbance; large rivers ID POLYMORPHA AB Data from more than 10 years of quantitative sampling from stable gravel shoals in large rivers of the central US were used to test effects of specific disturbances (passage of commercial navigation vessels, the flood of 1993, and introduction of Corbicula fluminea) on native freshwater mussels (Family: Unionidae). Although many lotic species of Unionidae have been eliminated from large rivers because of degraded water quality, poor land use practices, and large-scale navigation projects, the resulting fauna appears to tolerate many disturbances. For example, high density populations of C. fluminea had no effect on unionid density at two shoals in the lower Ohio River. The record flood of 1993 in the upper Mississippi River had no measurable effect on mussels at three locations; species richness (22-25), density (45.3-60.3), and percentage of juveniles (11-26%) varied among years but showed no temporal trend. In a barge turning basin that was dredged in 1976, density of recently recruited Amblema plicata plicata was not significantly different from density at a reference site for six of nine study years indicating that recruitment is proceeding at a similar rate regardless of current traffic levels. The mussel fauna now inhabiting large rivers, dominated by thick-shelled species tolerant of reduced water velocity and increased sedimentation, appears to be quite resilient to many natural and man-induced disturbances. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Miller, AC (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, POB 631, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 51 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0886-9375 J9 REGUL RIVER JI Regul. Rivers-Res. Manage. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 179 EP 190 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(199803/04)14:2<179::AID-RRR496>3.0.CO;2-S PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA ZR826 UT WOS:000074018400003 ER PT J AU Baumann, RF AF Baumann, RF TI The Red Army and the Wehrmacht: How the Soviets militarized Germany, 1922-33, and paved the way for fascism SO RUSSIAN HISTORY-HISTOIRE RUSSE LA English DT Book Review C1 US Army Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. RP Baumann, RF (reprint author), US Army Command & Gen Staff Coll, 250 Gibbon Ave, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHARLES SCHLACKS JR PUBL PI LOS ANGELES PA CTR MULTIETHNIC & TRANS STUD UNIV SOUTHERN CALIF KERCKHOFF HALL/734 W. ADAMS BD, LOS ANGELES, CA 90089-7724 USA SN 0094-288X J9 RUSS HIST-HIST RUSS JI Russ. Hist.-Hist. Russe PD SPR-SUM PY 1998 VL 25 IS 1-2 BP 192 EP 193 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 262ZN UT WOS:000084098300033 ER PT J AU Swami, A Tichavsky, P AF Swami, A Tichavsky, P TI Strong ergodicity conditions for the nth-order moment (cumulant) of multiple sinusoids SO SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop Meeting of the IEEE Signal Processing/ATHOS Workshop on Higher-Order Statistics CY JUN, 1995 CL BEGUR, SPAIN SP IEEE, ATHOS DE ergodicity conditions; phase coupling; frequency coupling; higher-order moments; cumulants ID HARMONIC RETRIEVAL; STATISTICS AB We derive sufficient conditions for stationarity and strong ergodicity of multiple sinusoids, both for the real-valued as well as for the complex-valued cases, and for any kind of postulated phase coupling law. We derive bounds on the rate of convergence of the sample estimator, and we establish ergodicity conditions in the presence of additive as well as multiplicative noise. We show that record segmentation does not lead to consistent estimates; finally, we establish that lack of ergodicity does not imply lack of parameter identifiability based on the sample estimator. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, IS,TA, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Swami, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, IS,TA, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Tichavsky, Petr/G-7427-2014 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-1684 J9 SIGNAL PROCESS JI Signal Process. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 65 IS 2 BP 257 EP 266 DI 10.1016/S0165-1684(97)00222-3 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA ZP128 UT WOS:000073719200007 ER PT J AU Ecklund, JM Ellenbogen, RG AF Ecklund, JM Ellenbogen, RG TI Transcortical surgery for lateral ventricular tumors SO TECHNIQUES IN NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE craniotomy; transcortical; lateral ventricle; hydrocephalus; tumor ID TEMPORAL LANGUAGE AREA; INTRAVENTRICULAR MENINGIOMAS; ARTERIOVENOUS-MALFORMATIONS; SURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS; TRANSCALLOSAL REMOVAL; MICROSURGICAL ANATOMY; CHOROID-PLEXUS; LESIONS; CONSEQUENCES; LOCALIZATION AB Tumors of the lateral ventricle can be removed through two major types of approaches, the transcallosal and transcortical routes. The transcortical route is a powerful technique because tumor in each of the five regions of the lateral ventricle can be removed through one or more of these approaches. The keys to a successful transcortical approach are an understanding of the functional anatomy of the patient, the location of the mass, and a flexible surgical approach. There has been an evolution of technical refinements which has resulted in less cortical disruption and brain retraction, rendering this approach safer. The major potential risks of the transcortical approaches are significant and include hemorrhage, seizures, visual deficits, functional deficits, and subdural fluid collections. A carefully performed transcortical approach to a lateral ventricle mass is an effective and safe technique and an essential tool in a neurosurgeon's armamentarium. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Neurol Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Neurosurg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Ellenbogen, RG (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Neurol Surg, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1077-2855 J9 TECH NEUROSURG JI Tech. Neurosurg. PD MAR PY 1998 VL 4 IS 1 BP 43 EP 57 PG 15 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 150WK UT WOS:000077688700006 ER PT J AU Pieroni, P Mills, CD Ohrt, C Harrington, MA Kain, KC AF Pieroni, P Mills, CD Ohrt, C Harrington, MA Kain, KC TI Comparison of the ParaSight (TM)-F test and the ICT Malaria Pf (TM) test with the polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in travellers SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium malariae; Plasmodium ovale; Plasmodium vivax; diagnosis; ParaSight (TM)-F test; ICT Malaria Pf (TM) test; polymerase chain reaction; microscopy; travellers; histidine-rich protein 2 ID LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIONS; ANTIGEN; VIVAX AB Rapid and accurate methods are needed for the diagnosis of imported malaria. The ParaSight(TM)-F test and the ICT Malaria Pf(TM) test are commercially available kits marketed for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Both tests are antigen-capture assays based on the detection of falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 in peripheral blood. Using microscopy and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method as reference standards, we performed a 'blinded' comparison of these assays for the detection of P. falciparum infection in 200 febrile travellers returning from malaria-endemic areas. As determined by PCR and microscopy, 148 travellers had malaria and, of these patients, 54.7% (81/148) were infected with P. vivax only, 31.1% (46/148) with P. falciparum only, 9.5% (14/148) with P. ovale, 0.7% (1/148) with P. malariae, and 4.1% (6/148) had mixed infections. Compared to PCR, the ParaSight(TM)-F and ICT Malaria Pf(TM) tests had initial sensitivities of 94% and 90% and specificities of 95% and 97%, respectively, for the detection of P. falciparum malaria. When discrepant samples were retested with day 0 and day I bloods, the sensitivities improved to 96% and 94%, respectively. The 2 remaining false negative results with the Para-Sight(TM)-F test and 2 of the 3 false negative results with the ICT Malaria Pf(TM) test occurred in samples with <100 parasites/mu L. The performance of these kits was not significantly different (P=0.75) and both are simple, rapid, and accurate tests for the detection of P. falciparum infection in the returned traveller. C1 Toronto Hosp, Trop Dis Unit, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Kain, KC (reprint author), Toronto Hosp, Trop Dis Unit, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada. NR 21 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 92 IS 2 BP 166 EP 169 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(98)90730-1 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA ZN081 UT WOS:000073606800011 PM 9764322 ER PT J AU VanderLoop, SL Suidan, MT Moteleb, MA Maloney, SW AF VanderLoop, SL Suidan, MT Moteleb, MA Maloney, SW TI Two-stage biotransformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene under nitrogen-rich and nitrogen-limiting conditions SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; granular activated carbon; fluidized bed; activated sludge ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; TNT; BIODEGRADATION; STRAIN; TRANSFORMATION; METABOLISM AB An anaerobic fluidized-bed granular activated carbon bioreactor in series with an activated-sludge reactor was used to treat a wastewater containing 100 mg/L 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The performance of the system was evaluated under both nitrogen-rich and nitrogen-limiting conditions. When 18 mg/L ammonia-nitrogen was supplied to the system, the mixed anaerobic culture completely transformed the TNT to unknown products. Effluent ammonia-nitrogen routinely was more than 21 mg/L, and nitrite was also detected in the anaerobic reactor effluent, possibly indicating two distinct methods of nitrogen removal from the ring. The effluent from this reactor was treated further in an activated-sludge system. A significant fraction of the TNT transfer mation products was oxidized in the aerobic stage, resulting in recovery of 82% of influent TNT-nitrogen and at least 73% TNT-carbon mineralization in the system. When the anaerobic reactor received only TNT as a nitrogen source, anaerobic reactor effluent ammonia levels remained above 3 mg/L, but nitrite was not detected. The resulting TNT biotransformation products could not be completely identified, but they did persist in the final effluent. The inability of the activated sludge to effect further transformation of some of these compounds was quantified as a substantial reduction in inorganic nitrogen recovery. Only 55% of influent TNT-nitrogen was recovered in the system during the nitrogen-limited operation. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RP Suidan, MT (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, POB 210071,741 Baldwin Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD MAR-APR PY 1998 VL 70 IS 2 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.2175/106143098X127035 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA ZE447 UT WOS:000072793500009 ER PT J AU Fischer, RA King, SL AF Fischer, RA King, SL TI Suggestions for new and aspiring graduate students in wildlife science SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE college; education; employment opportunities; graduate school preparation; research and teaching assistantships; university C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Fischer, RA (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 1998 VL 26 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 106QZ UT WOS:000075141500008 ER PT J AU Glenn, GM Rao, M Matyas, GR Alving, CR AF Glenn, GM Rao, M Matyas, GR Alving, CR TI Skin immunization made possible by cholera toxin SO NATURE LA English DT Letter ID ADJUVANT; RESPONSES C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Glenn, GM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 10 TC 212 Z9 222 U1 1 U2 6 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 26 PY 1998 VL 391 IS 6670 BP 851 EP 851 DI 10.1038/36014 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YZ206 UT WOS:000072230900033 PM 9495336 ER PT J AU Grady, EP Carpenter, MT Koenig, CD Older, SA Battafarano, DF AF Grady, EP Carpenter, MT Koenig, CD Older, SA Battafarano, DF TI Rheumatic findings in Gulf War veterans SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 59th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology CY OCT 25, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol ID PREDICTIVE VALUE; CIVIL-WAR; PREVALENCE; SYMPTOMS; DISEASE; THERAPY; SEROLOGY AB Background: Rheumatic symptoms were commonly described among soldiers who served in previous wars. Objective: To describe the frequency of rheumatology consultations, along with the diagnoses, and abnormal results on serologic testing in Gulf War veterans evaluated for Gulf War syndrome. Methods: The medical records of the first 250 consecutive Gulf War veterans referred to the comprehensive clinical evaluation program at Wilford Hall Air Force Medical Center and Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Tex, were reviewed for demographic characteristics and frequency of subspecialty consultations. A retrospective review of rheumatic diagnoses and the frequency of abnormal serologic test results was recorded. Results: Of the 250 Gulf War veterans evaluated in the comprehensive clinical evaluation program, 139 (56%) were referred for rheumatology consultation, which was the most common elective subspecialty referral. Of the patients evaluated, 82 (59%) had soft tissue syndromes, 19 (14%) had rheumatic disease, and 38 (27%) had no rheumatic disease. The most common soft tissue syndromes were patellofemoral syndrome (33 patients [25%]), mechanical low back pain (23 patients [18%]), and fibromyalgia (22 patients [17%]). Of the 19 patients with rheumatic disease, 10 had osteoarthritis, 2 had rheumatoid arthritis, 2 had gout, and 1 each had systemic lupus erythematosus, Behcet disease, parvovirus arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and hypothyroid arthropathy. Abnormal serologic test results were common among the Gulf War patients regardless of the presence or absence of rheumatic disease. Conclusions: The rheumatic manifestations in Gulf War veterans are similar to symptoms and diagnoses described in previous wars and are not unique to active duty soldiers. Overall, the results of serologic screening were poor predictors of the presence of rheumatic disease. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Rheumatol Serv, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Internal Med Serv, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Rheumatol Serv, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Battafarano, DF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Rheumatol Serv, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD FEB 23 PY 1998 VL 158 IS 4 BP 367 EP 371 DI 10.1001/archinte.158.4.367 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YY366 UT WOS:000072139900007 PM 9487234 ER PT J AU Videen, G Pinnick, RG Ngo, D Fu, Q Chylek, P AF Videen, G Pinnick, RG Ngo, D Fu, Q Chylek, P TI Asymmetry parameter and aggregate particles SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; ANOMALOUS DIFFRACTION APPROXIMATION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; COMPOUNDED SPHERES; CIRRUS CLOUDS; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; EXTERNAL AGGREGATION; ECCENTRIC INCLUSION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB We derive and examine the general expression for the scattering asymmetry parameter g. For aggregate particles, the asymmetry parameter is made up of two terms. One term accounts for interference effects of the electromagnetic fields radiating from the individual subsystems. The other term contains the effects of the interaction of the electromagnetic fields between these subsystems. Enhanced backscatter is one phenomenon resulting from these interactions. Numerical results demonstrate that interference effects play a dominant role when the separation distance between two-sphere aggregates is smaller than half the incident wavelength. As the separation distance becomes large, both interference and interaction effects drop off and the asymmetry parameter approaches that of the individual particle constituents. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL IS EE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys, Atmospher Sci Program, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. RP Videen, G (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL IS EE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 20 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1104 EP 1109 DI 10.1364/AO.37.001104 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA YW353 UT WOS:000071926500022 PM 18268693 ER PT J AU Staker, MR AF Staker, MR TI The uranium-vanadium equilibrium phase diagram SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE uranium alloys; phase diagrams; martensitic structures; V2C; eutectoid AB Three uranium-rich alloys of uranium-vanadium (U-V) were melted and processed to bars for final heat treatment. The microstructures were studied via optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and hardness measurements. The results necessitate revisions in positions of phase fields in the uranium-rich portion of the phase diagram, but confirm positions of phase lines at the vanadium-rich side. The revised diagram shows substantially lower solubility limits for alpha, beta and gamma phases and a shift in gamma-eutectoid composition from 2.08 to 1.0 wt.% vanadium. The role of carbon in causing these original disparities is analyzed. For hypereutectoid gamma-quenched U-V alloys, the transition from acicular to banded martensitic structure occurs between 1.45 and 1.65 wt.% V. The microstructures and mechanical properties of hypereutectoid gamma-quenched alloys indicates suitability of these alloys in structural applications requiring high density. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Staker, MR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD FEB 20 PY 1998 VL 266 IS 1-2 BP 167 EP 179 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(97)00454-4 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA ZB161 UT WOS:000072442500030 ER PT J AU Wegner, SA Ehrenberg, PK Chang, G Dayhoff, DE Sleeker, AL Michael, NL AF Wegner, SA Ehrenberg, PK Chang, G Dayhoff, DE Sleeker, AL Michael, NL TI Genomic organization and functional characterization of the chemokine receptor CXCR4, a major entry co-receptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID 7-TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAIN RECEPTOR; HIV-1 ENTRY; TROPIC HIV-1; INFECTION; CLONING; MIP-1-ALPHA; MIP-1-BETA; FUSION; RANTES; CELLS AB CXCR4 is both a chemokine receptor and entry co-preceptor for T cell lime-adapted human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The genomic organization and promoter function for the entire transcription unit of CXCR4 were determined, The gene contains 2 exons of 103 and 1563 base pairs (bp) interrupted by a 2132-bp intron precisely between codons 5 and 6 of the coding sequences. a transcription start site was identified 88 bp upstream of the initiation codon, and a polyadenylate addition sits was identified 22 bp 3' to a polyadenylation signal, Transient expression assays defined a minimal promoter at positions -114 to +43 relative to the transcription start site. This region contains a TATA box, a nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) site, and two GC boxes. Specific factor binding to the NRF-1 site and GC boxes were demonstrated by gel mobility shifts and DNase I footprinting. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that the NRF-1 site is crucial for promoter activity providing the first evidence for the regulation of a signal transduction gene by NRF-1. Sequences between -691 and -191 repress CXCR4 promoter activity. Further study of these regulatory elements will be important to understanding how CXCR4 functions as both a chemokine receptor and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry co-receptor. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Michael, NL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, 1600 E Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM nmichael@pasteur.hjf.org NR 48 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD FEB 20 PY 1998 VL 273 IS 8 BP 4754 EP 4760 DI 10.1074/jbc.273.8.4754 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YY117 UT WOS:000072115000067 PM 9468539 ER PT J AU Berg, BW Saenger, JS AF Berg, BW Saenger, JS TI Exogenous lipoid pneumonia SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Berg, BW (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 19 PY 1998 VL 338 IS 8 BP 512 EP 512 DI 10.1056/NEJM199802193380805 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YX639 UT WOS:000072061400005 PM 9468468 ER PT J AU Chambers, CC Archibong, EF Jabalameli, A Sullivan, RH Giesen, DJ Cramer, CJ Truhlar, DG AF Chambers, CC Archibong, EF Jabalameli, A Sullivan, RH Giesen, DJ Cramer, CJ Truhlar, DG TI Quantum mechanical and C-13 dynamic NMR study of 1,3-dimethylthiourea conformational isomerizations SO THEOCHEM-JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Conference on Current Trends in Computational Chemistry (CCTCC) CY NOV 01-02, 1996 CL VICKSBURG, MICHIGAN DE solvation; conformational analysis; thiourea; isomerization; free energy of activation ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; UREA; THIOUREAS; HYDROGEN; ROTATION; BONDS; SOLVATION; ABINITIO; CRYSTALS AB We present C-13 dynamic NMR results for relative free energies of equilibrium structures and free energies of activation for conformational transformations of 1,3-dimethylthiourea in aqueous solution, and we compare the results to theoretical predictions. The latter are based on ab initio gas-phase electronic structure calculations of the geometries, dipole moments, and energies combined with semiempirical molecular orbital calculations of the free energies of solvation in three different solvents. The gas-phase electronic structure calculations were performed using Moller-Plesset second-order (MP2) perturbation theory with a correlation-consistent polarized valence-double zeta basis set; we calculated relative energies for the three minima Z, Z, E,Z, and E,E and for three transition states on the potential energy surface. The solvation energy calculations were carried out using the SM5.4/AM1-aqueous, -chloroform, and -organic solvation models; these solvation models are based on semiempirical molecular orbital theory with class-IV charges and geometry-based first-solvation-shell effects. The relative energies of the conformers and transition states are compared to experiment in water and five organic solvents. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Inst Supercomp, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. Univ Minnesota, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Truhlar, DG (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Inst Supercomp, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI Truhlar, Donald/G-7076-2015; Cramer, Christopher/B-6179-2011 OI Truhlar, Donald/0000-0002-7742-7294; Cramer, Christopher/0000-0001-5048-1859 NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 THEOCHEM-J MOL STRUC JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD FEB 19 PY 1998 VL 425 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(97)00137-1 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA ZB634 UT WOS:000072492200008 ER PT J AU Gorb, LG Aksenenko, EV Adams, JW Larson, SL Weiss, CA Leszczynska, D Leszczynski, J AF Gorb, LG Aksenenko, EV Adams, JW Larson, SL Weiss, CA Leszczynska, D Leszczynski, J TI Computational design of clay minerals: hydration of Mg-exchange cation located in ditrigonal cavity SO THEOCHEM-JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Conference on Current Trends in Computational Chemistry (CCTCC) CY NOV 01-02, 1996 CL VICKSBURG, MICHIGAN DE calculations of clay hydration; clay minerals calculations; dissociative adsorption; ditrigonal cavity ID BRIDGING OH GROUPS; ZEOLITES; SITES; ACIDITY AB The results of a quantum-chemical MNDO-PM3 investigation of the hydration of the Mg2+ cation located in a ditrigonal cavity of the basal surface of clays based on cluster approximations are presented. As many as 14 local minima related the position of Mg2+ in the ditrigonal cavity were found. Among them seven are located above the basal lattice plane, and seven are below this plane. The most favorable area of the ditrigonal cavity where an Mg cation could be located was determined. The hydration by one to four water molecules of Mg2+ placed in the most energetically preferable position was also investigated. We found that the calculated values of interaction energy are decreased during the stepwise hydration of Mg - kaolinite surface from 36.9 to 13.4 kcal mol(-1). Finally, calculations of dissociative adsorption proves that this process is slightly endothermic and the value of the proton transfer barrier depends on the number of hydrated water molecules. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Colloid Chem & Chem Water, Kiev, Ukraine. USA, Engn Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Gorb, LG (reprint author), Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 THEOCHEM-J MOL STRUC JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD FEB 19 PY 1998 VL 425 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(97)00164-4 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA ZB634 UT WOS:000072492200017 ER PT J AU Szebeni, J Muggia, FM Alving, CR AF Szebeni, J Muggia, FM Alving, CR TI Complement activation by cremophor EL as a possible contributor to hypersensitivity to paclitaxel: an in vitro study SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID ANAPHYLACTOID REACTIONS; RECEPTOR TYPE-1; TAXOL; INFUSION; CYCLOSPORINE; HEMODIALYSIS; INFLAMMATION; CHOLESTEROL; ADRIAMYCIN; LIPOSOMES AB Background: Cancer patients treated with the anticancer drug, paclitaxel (Taxol) often experience mild to severe hypersensitivity reactions, It is not known how these reactions are induced and whether the inducer is paclitaxel or its vehicle (i.e., Cremophor EL in 50% ethanol), Molecules present in Cremophor EL are similar in structure to certain nonionic block copolymers that activate complement proteins (i.e., proteins involved in various immune processes), To explore the role of complement in the observed hypersensitivity reactions, we studied the effects of paclitaxel and Cremophor EL plus ethanol on human complement in vitro. Methods: Serum specimens from healthy individuals and cancer patients were incubated with paclitaxel or with relevant control compounds (Cremophor EL with ethanol, ethanol only, docetaxel, and cyclosporine), and markers of complement activation (SC5b-9 and Bb) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Similar incubations were performed in the presence of inhibitors of complement activation (i.e., EGTA/Mg2+ and soluble complement receptor type 1 [sCR1]), Results: Paclitaxel in Cremophor EL plus ethanol caused increased formation of SC5b-9 in serum specimens from 10 of 10 healthy control subjects and from five of 10 cancer patients, Experiments with one or more individual sera indicated the above effect was due to Cremophor EL plus ethanol, that increased formation of Bb also occurred, that the drug-induced rise in SC5b-9 was inhibited by sCR1, and that EGTA/Mg2+ partially inhibited SC5b-9 formation and stimulated Bb formation, Implication: The role of complement activation in hypersensitivity reactions associated with administration of paclitaxel in Cremophor EL plus ethanol should be studied in vivo. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ So Calif, Kenneth Norris Jr Comprehens Canc Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Szebeni, J (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [5M01RR00043, MO1RR43] NR 43 TC 203 Z9 216 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD FEB 18 PY 1998 VL 90 IS 4 BP 300 EP 306 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA YY184 UT WOS:000072121700011 PM 9486816 ER PT J AU Harrison, A Stern, J AF Harrison, A Stern, J TI Dual comparators stabilize proximity detector SO EDN LA English DT Article C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Harrison, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAHNERS-DENVER PUBLISHING CO PI OAK BROOK PA 2000 CLEARWATER DR, OAK BROOK, IL 60523-8809 USA SN 0012-7515 J9 EDN JI EDN PD FEB 16 PY 1998 VL 43 IS 4 BP 102 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA YX486 UT WOS:000072044800026 ER PT J AU Junnila, J Lassen, P AF Junnila, J Lassen, P TI Testicular masses SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID ACUTE SCROTUM; TORSION; EMERGENCY AB Family physicians often must evaluate patients With testicular pain or masses. The incidental finding of a scrotal mass may also require evaluation. Patients may seek evaluation of a scrotal mass as an incidental finding. An accurate history combined with a complete examination of the male external genitalia will help indicate a preliminary diagnosis and proper treatment. Family physicians must keep in mind the emergency or "must not miss" diagnoses associated with testicular masses, including testicular torsion, epididymitis, acute orchitis, strangulated hernia and testicular cancer. Referral to a urologist should be made immediately if one of these diagnoses is suspected. Benign causes of scrotal masses, including hydrocele, varicocele and spermatocele, may be diagnosed and managed easily in the primary care office. C1 USA, Hlth Clin, Butzbach, Germany. RP Junnila, J (reprint author), USA, Hlth Clin, CMR 452, Box 1159, APO, AE 09045 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD FEB 15 PY 1998 VL 57 IS 4 BP 685 EP 692 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YX911 UT WOS:000072093100019 PM 9490992 ER PT J AU Rauch, PJ Harrington, PD Davis, DM AF Rauch, PJ Harrington, PD Davis, DM TI Chemometric resolution of mixture components by cleardown rates SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SIMPLISMA APPROACH; SPECTRAL DATA AB Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has recently been gaining attention due to its low cost, light weight, durability, versatility, and portability. IMS combined with time series analysis (TSA) has proved useful for identification of individual chemical species. These methods require the vapor pressure concentration to vary independently with respect to time. When sampling vapors are obtained from liquid mixtures, the analyte vapors are obtained from liquid mixtures, the analyte vapor compositions may not vary independently. A vapor mixture may be resolved by differential cleardown rates in IMS instruments. Cleardown is the decay in analyte signal when the sample is removed from the instrument. If different mixture components exhibit different affinities in the instrument, then the concentration of the mixture components will vary independently during cleardown, and SIMPLISMA, a feature extraction method, may resolve the components. This approach is an example of reverse frontal chromatography for which the sample is introduced into the detector (the IMS) and removed chromatographically by adsorption onto the molecular sieves. In this research, mixtures of three nerve agent simulants are used to demonstrate this new data extraction method with SIMPLISMA. C1 Ctr Intelligent Chem Instrumentat, Dept Chem, Clippinger Labs, Athens, OH 45701 USA. USA, ERDEC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Harrington, PD (reprint author), Ctr Intelligent Chem Instrumentat, Dept Chem, Clippinger Labs, Athens, OH 45701 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 15 PY 1998 VL 70 IS 4 BP 716 EP 723 DI 10.1021/ac970625o PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA YX684 UT WOS:000072066100008 ER PT J AU Hamilos, DL Nutter, D Gershtenson, J Redmond, DP Di Clementi, JD Schmaling, KB Make, BJ Jones, JF AF Hamilos, DL Nutter, D Gershtenson, J Redmond, DP Di Clementi, JD Schmaling, KB Make, BJ Jones, JF TI Core body temperature is normal in chronic fatigue syndrome SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE chronic fatigue syndrome; core body temperature ID SEASONAL AFFECTIVE-DISORDER; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; DEPRESSION; VALIDITY AB Background: Subjects with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) frequently report symptoms of subnormal body temperature and low-grade fever. We conducted a study to determine whether CFS subjects manifest any abnormality of core body temperature (CBT) that might help explain their fatigue. Methods: Continuous 24-hour recordings of CBT measured every 5 min were performed in 7 subjects meeting the Centers for Disease Control definition of CFS. Three additional groups were studied: normal controls, subjects with seasonal allergy, and subjects with major depression. Subjects (n = 7) in each group were age-, sex-, and weight-matched to the CFS group and had normal basal metabolic rates, thyroid function, and 24-hour urinary free cortisol excretions. CBT was measured with an ingestible radio frequency transmitter pill and a belt-worn receiver-logger. Each pill was factory-calibrated to +/- 0.1 degrees C and field-calibrated with a water bath calibration prior to use. Results: The 24-hour mean calibration-adjusted CBTs of each group were not significantly different (control: 37.00 +/- 0.17 degrees C; CFS: 37.04 +/- 0.31 degrees C; allergy: 37.15 +/- 0.18 degrees C; depression: 37.26 +/- 0.18 degrees C). Similarly, the mean peak and trough circadian temperatures were not statistically different The mean 24-hour profile of CBT for each group showed a similar circadian rhythm. In simultaneously collected blood samples, each group showed a similar circadian profile of serum cortisol with a peak occurring at 08:00. Conclusions: Subjects with CFS have normal CBT despite frequent self-reports of subnormal body temperature and low-grade fever. (C) 1998 Society of Biological Psychiatry. C1 Natl Jewish Ctr Immunol & Resp Med, Denver, CO 80206 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neuropsychol, Washington, DC USA. RP Hamilos, DL (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Allergy Immunol, Box 8122,660 So Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RI Schmaling, Karen/F-5217-2011 OI Schmaling, Karen/0000-0003-2085-134X NR 27 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD FEB 15 PY 1998 VL 43 IS 4 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.1016/S0006-3223(97)83214-3 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA YY700 UT WOS:000072174900009 PM 9513740 ER PT J AU VanCott, TC Kaminski, RW Mascola, JR Kalyanaraman, VS Wassef, NM Alving, CR Ulrich, JT Lowell, GH Birx, DL AF VanCott, TC Kaminski, RW Mascola, JR Kalyanaraman, VS Wassef, NM Alving, CR Ulrich, JT Lowell, GH Birx, DL TI HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies in the genital and respiratory tracts of mice intranasally immunized with oligomeric gp160 SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN GP120; TOXIN B-SUBUNIT; ORAL IMMUNIZATION; MUCOSAL IMMUNITY; CHOLERA-TOXIN; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE VACCINES; BACTERIAL POLYSACCHARIDE AB Because mucosal surfaces are a primary route of HIV-1 infection, we evaluated the mucosal immunogenicity of a candidate HIV-1 vaccine, oligomeric gp160 (o-gp160), In prior studies, parenteral immunization of rabbits with o-gp160 elicited broad neutralizing serum Ab responses against both T cell Line-adapted HIV-1 and some primary HIV-1 isolates. In this study, nasal immunization of mice with o-gp160, formulated with liposomes containing monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), MPL-AF, proteosomes, emulsomes, or proteosomes with emulsomes elicited strong gp160-specific Ige and IBA responses in serum as well as vaginal, lung, and intestinal washes and fecal pellets, The genital, respiratory and intestinal Abs were determined to be locally produced, No mucosal immune responses were measurable when the immunogen was given s,c, Abs from sera and from vaginal and lung washes preferentially recognized native forms of monomeric gp120. suggesting no substantial loss in protein tertiary conformation after vaccine formulation and mucosal administration. Inhibition of HIV-1(MN) infection of H9 cells was found in sera from mice immunized intranasally with o-gp160 formulated with liposomes plus MPL, proteosomes, and proteosomes plus emulsomes. Formulations of o-gp160 with MPL-AF, proteosomes, emulsomes, or proteosomes plus emulsomes elicited HIV-1(MN)-neutralizing Ab in lung wash, and formulations with proteosomes, emulsomes, or proteosomes plus emulsomes elicited HIV-1(MN)-neutralizing Ab in vaginal wash. These data demonstrate the feasibility of inducing both systemic and mucosal HIV-1-neutralizing Ab by intranasal immunization with an oligomeric gp160 protein. C1 Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Adv Biosci Lab, Kensington, MD 20895 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RIBI Immunochem Res Inc, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. Intellivax Inc, Baltimore, MD 21215 USA. RP VanCott, TC (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn, 13 Taft Court,Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM tvancott@hiv.hjf.org NR 84 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD FEB 15 PY 1998 VL 160 IS 4 BP 2000 EP 2012 PG 13 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA ZN995 UT WOS:000073704800057 PM 9469464 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI With snow on their boots: The tragic odyssey of the Russian expeditionary force in France during World War I. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD FEB 15 PY 1998 VL 123 IS 3 BP 154 EP 154 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA YX080 UT WOS:000072004400150 ER PT J AU Svizhenko, A Balandin, A Bandyopadhyay, S Stroscio, MA AF Svizhenko, A Balandin, A Bandyopadhyay, S Stroscio, MA TI Electron interaction with confined acoustic phonons in quantum wires subjected to a magnetic field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; TRANSPORT; MODES AB We have studied the effect of an external magnetic field on electron-acoustic phonon scattering in rectangular quantum wires taking into account both electron and phonon confinement. A magnetic field has two major effects: (i) it dramatically quenches (by several orders of magnitude) intrasubband scattering due to acoustic phonons in hybrid "width" and "thickness" modes, and (ii) it increases electron interaction with evanescent hybrid surface modes that peak at the wire edges. A simple intuitive picture to elucidate the origin of these effects is presented. [S0163-1829(98)08908-5]. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Svizhenko, A (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. NR 22 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 15 PY 1998 VL 57 IS 8 BP 4687 EP 4693 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.57.4687 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YZ177 UT WOS:000072228000072 ER PT J AU Gorny, MK Mascola, JR Israel, ZR VanCott, TC Williams, C Balfe, P Hioe, C Brodine, S Burda, S Zolla-Pazner, S AF Gorny, MK Mascola, JR Israel, ZR VanCott, TC Williams, C Balfe, P Hioe, C Brodine, S Burda, S Zolla-Pazner, S TI A human monoclonal antibody specific for the V3 loop of HIV type 1 clade E cross-reacts with other HIV type 1 clades SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEUTRALIZATION SEROTYPES; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; VIRAL GENOTYPE; SUBTYPE-E; GP120; ASSAY; CELL; BINDING; SENSITIVITY AB To ascertain the antigenic relationship between HIV-1 viruses belonging to various genetically defined subgroups (clades), shared epitopes need to be defined, Human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are particularly useful for this purpose because they can detect complex regions of viral proteins that may be missed by sequence analysis and because, by definition, they react with epitopes that stimulate the human immune system, Monoclonal antibodies derived from the cells of HIV-1 clade B-infected subjects have been used extensively for this purpose, Here we describe the first human MAb derived from a clade E-infected individual; the MAb is specific for the V3 loop, recognizing a core epitope represented by the amino acids TRTSVR on the N-terminal side of the crown of the V3 loop, The IgG(1)(kappa) MAb, designated 1324E, binds to the clade E consensus V3 loop, to rgp120 proteins from clade E and to peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected in vitro with the virus that infected the subject from whose cells the MAb-producing heterohybridoma was derived, Strong cross-reactivity of the MAb to the V3 peptides, rgp120 proteins, and native monomeric gp120s representing clades A and C, as well as to cells infected with a clade C primary isolate, revealed a shared V3 epitope between these clades, When tested for its neutralizing ability, MAb 1324E neutralized a clade E isolate that had been adapted for growth in H9 cells but failed to neutralize five clade E primary isolates. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, New York, NY 10010 USA. NYU, Med Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USN, Inst Med Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. UCL, Sch Med, London, England. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Zolla-Pazner, S (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, 423 E 23rd St,Room 18124N, New York, NY 10010 USA. OI Gorny, Miroslaw/0000-0002-2714-8780 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 32424, AI 36085, AI 07382] NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD FEB 10 PY 1998 VL 14 IS 3 BP 213 EP 221 DI 10.1089/aid.1998.14.213 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA YW536 UT WOS:000071946200004 PM 9491911 ER PT J AU Shen, H Pamulapati, J Zhou, W Dutta, M Johnson, FG AF Shen, H Pamulapati, J Zhou, W Dutta, M Johnson, FG TI Bias independent heavy- and light-hole degeneracy in InGaAs/InGaAsP quantum wells SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRAIN; BAND AB We present a type of strained semiconductor quantum-well structure that exhibits bias-independent heavy-and light-hole degeneracy. This effect is achieved by inserting thin layers of highly strained material in an unstrained quantum well. By adjusting the thickness and the position of the highly tensile strained layers, the quantum confined Stark effect for the heavy and light holes can be engineered separately to control the bias dependent polarization properties. Experimental results on such a structure agree well with the theory. These unique bias-dependent polarization properties have important applications in optoelectronic devices when specific polarization properties are required. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Shen, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 9 PY 1998 VL 72 IS 6 BP 683 EP 685 DI 10.1063/1.120845 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YV979 UT WOS:000071883600020 ER PT J AU Nordyke, RA Reppun, TS Madanay, LD Woods, JC Goldstein, AP Miyamoto, LA AF Nordyke, RA Reppun, TS Madanay, LD Woods, JC Goldstein, AP Miyamoto, LA TI Alternative sequences of thyrotropin and free thyroxine assays for routine thyroid function testing - Quality and cost SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM; BONE LOSS; SUPPRESSIVE THERAPY; BIOCHEMICAL TESTS; I-131 THERAPY; LEVOTHYROXINE; REPLACEMENT; DISEASE; HORMONE; WOMEN AB Background: Current guidelines and practices far thyroid function testing are strongly: affected by the usually higher patient billing charges and Medicare reimbursement for thyrotropin (TSH) vs free thyroxine (FT) tests, despite their comparable direct costs. Objective Due to recently reduced laboratory costs, to reexamine the effectiveness and cost of alternative test sequences. Methods: Alternative test sequences involve using the TSH test first, followed, ii the TSI test result is abnormal, by the FT4 test; the FT4 test first, followed by the TSH test; and doing both tests together. We applied these strategies to consecutive patients referred for any thyroid function test to a health maintenance organization, a multispecialty fee-for-service group, a military hospital, and a commercial laboratory. Effectiveness was determined from a literature review. The cost was deteremined from direct: costs and the distribution of diagnostic categories. Result The TSH and FT4 tests have similar sensitivities for detecting clinical hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. The TSH test detects subclinical function, and it monitors thyroxine treatment better; the FT4 test detects central hypothyroidism, and it monitors rapidly changed function better. Direct costs for both were equal, but charges for the TSH test were higher. The average direct cost per patient, starting with the FT4 test, was &4.61; starting with the TSH test, &5.90; and starting with both tests together, &6.50. Medicare reimbursements correlated poorly with casts. Conclusions: Starting with the TSH test and reflexing to the FT4 test provides a better first-line all-purpose sequence than the reverse. In managed care settings, the slightly higher direct cost of this approach is offset by greater clinical effectiveness. In fee-for-service settings, cost differences can be nearly eliminated by equalizing TSH and FT4 charges to reflect current direct-cost realities. Obtaining both tests together overcomes the disadvantages of each at a slightly higher direct cost. C1 Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Straub Clin & Hosp Inc, Dept Nucl Med, Honolulu, HI USA. Diagnost Lab Serv Inc, Dept Pathol, Queens Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Care Program, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Hawaii MEDTEP Res Ctr, Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Madanay, LD (reprint author), 846 S Hotel St,Suite 303, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD FEB 9 PY 1998 VL 158 IS 3 BP 266 EP 272 DI 10.1001/archinte.158.3.266 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YV982 UT WOS:000071883900009 PM 9472207 ER PT J AU Sorescu, DC Rice, BM Thompson, DL AF Sorescu, DC Rice, BM Thompson, DL TI Molecular packing and NPT molecular dynamics investigation of the transferability of the RDX intermolecular potential to 2,3,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article AB We have explored the degree to which an intermolecular potential for the explosive hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-s-triazine (RDX) (J. Phys. Chem. B 1997 101, 798) is transferable for predictions of crystal structures (with the approximation of rigid molecules) of a similar chemical system, in this case, polymorphic phases of the 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) crystal. Molecular packing and isothermal-isobaric molecular dynamics calculations performed with this potential reproduce the main crystallographic features of the epsilon-, beta-, and gamma-HNIW crystals. Thermal expansion coefficients calculated using the present model predict near isotropic expansion for the epsilon- and gamma-HNIW crystal phases and anisotropic expansion for beta-HNIW. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Sorescu, DC (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 11 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD FEB 5 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 6 BP 948 EP 952 DI 10.1021/jp973200e PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA YW473 UT WOS:000071939200008 ER PT J AU Trevino, SF Joubran, R Parris, N Berk, NF AF Trevino, SF Joubran, R Parris, N Berk, NF TI Structure of a triglyceride microemulsion: A small-angle neutron scattering study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID IN-OIL MICROEMULSION; BICONTINUOUS STRUCTURE; MODEL MICROEMULSIONS; NONIONIC SURFACTANT; VEGETABLE-OILS; WATER; SYSTEMS; MICELLAR AB The microscopic structure of a microemulsion of triolein oil, aqua (water-ethanol, 80/20 wt %), and polyoxyethylene (40) sorbitol hexaoleats has been studied with small-angle neutron scattering. Contrast variation (in the scattering of neutrons) is accomplished by the deuteration of the aqua and oil components of the system. Samples for which only the aqueous phase is deuterated reveal the geometry of the aqueous phase, and those in which only the oil is deuterated reveal the geometry of the oil phase. Finally, when both oil and aqua are contrast matched by deuteration, the surfactant geometry is measured. The aqueous-surfactant surface and the oil-surfactant surface are found to be of significantly different geometries. These two surfaces are described in detail for varying aqua concentration by the very successful leveled-wave model. The behavior of the leveled-wave model parameters produced by the aqua geometry, as a function of aqua concentration and temperature, correlates with a thermodynamic instability in the miscibility. Further, the spectrum of neutrons produced by the surfactant itself is different from the aqua and oil spectra. Although a detailed geometric description of the surfactant is not available for this component (no geometric model being applicable), the data are consistent with there being different geometries for the two bounding surfaces. A plausible correlation between the geometric behavior of the material and a miscibility gap is also detected. C1 USA, Res Lab, Polymer Res Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19118 USA. RP Trevino, SF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Polymer Res Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD FEB 5 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 6 BP 953 EP 960 DI 10.1021/jp971459r PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA YW473 UT WOS:000071939200009 ER PT J AU Moore, TR Redmond, JB Frederiksen, SJ Gray, GR Pan, MW Guernsey, P AF Moore, TR Redmond, JB Frederiksen, SJ Gray, GR Pan, MW Guernsey, P TI Thick optical films for use as interference filters SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thick films; sensor protection; narrow-band filters; coherence ID PARTIALLY COHERENT-LIGHT; SPATIAL COHERENCE; SCATTERING AB The design, manufacture and use of optically transparent films with thicknesses exceeding the coherence length of the incident light is discussed. An analysis of the reflection and transmission of spatially and temporally incoherent light by transparent thick films is presented using both classical and quantum mechanical arguments. The analysis demonstrates that, contrary to frequently stated assertions, films with thicknesses greatly exceeding the coherence length of the incident light can be used to construct optical interference filters. The results of experiments are presented which confirm this conclusion. Finally, a discussion of the design, construction and use of interference filters made from thick optical films is presented. Designs specifically suited to eye and sensor protection from laser radiation are emphasized. The manufacture of a prototype thick-film optical filter, useful for eye and sensor protection against the radiation from several lasers, is reported. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Elect Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Guernsey Coating Labs, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. RP Moore, TR (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD FEB 5 PY 1998 VL 99 IS 1-2 BP 60 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(97)00414-3 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA ZD641 UT WOS:000072707300008 ER PT J AU Pinnick, RG Hill, SC Nachman, P Videen, G Chen, G Chang, RK AF Pinnick, RG Hill, SC Nachman, P Videen, G Chen, G Chang, RK TI Aerosol fluorescence spectrum analyzer for rapid measurement of single micrometer-sized airborne biological particles SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOAEROSOL SAMPLERS; STEADY-STATE; OTITIS-MEDIA; SYSTEM; BACTERIA; AUTOFLUORESCENCE; DISEASE AB We report the operation of an aerosol analyzer capable of measuring the fluorescence spectra of single micrometer-sized bioaerosol particles as they flow through the instrument. Particles entrained in an airstream initially traverse a cw, (continuous wave) (488 nm) "trigger" laser beam where their elastic scattering and total fluorescence is measured with photomultipliers. When the elastic scattering and/or fluorescence signals exceed preset levels, a 266 nm UV "probe" laser is triggered to fire and illuminate preselected particles downstream from the trigger laser. The UV laser-excited spectra of particles are measured with the instrument's image-intensified CCD detector that is gated to be on when the probe laser fires. We demonstrate the ability of the instrument to capture the fluorescence spectra of single micrometer-sized airborne biological particles. Such spectra should be useful in differentiating between biological and nonbiological aerosols and in partially characterizing airborne biological particles. (C) 1998 American Association for Aerosol Research. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Ctr Laser Diagnostis, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Pinnick, RG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM rpinnick@arl.mil NR 50 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 28 IS 2 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1080/02786829808965514 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YQ058 UT WOS:000071343200001 ER PT J AU Smith, KJ Smith, WJ Hamilton, T Skelton, HG Graham, JS Okerberg, C Moeller, R Hackley, BE AF Smith, KJ Smith, WJ Hamilton, T Skelton, HG Graham, JS Okerberg, C Moeller, R Hackley, BE TI Histopathologic and immunohistochemical features in human skin after exposure to nitrogen and sulfur mustard SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitrogen mustard; sulfur mustard; chemical agents; cutaneous histopathology ID BASEMENT-MEMBRANE COMPONENTS; KERATINOCYTES; EXPRESSION AB N-methyl-2,2'-dichlorodiethylamine (HN2) is a topical chemotherapeutic agent used as therapy for cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). Di(2-chloroethyl)sulfide (SM), and less often HN2, have been used as chemical weapons, with the skin being a principle target. The mechanisms by which these chemicals produce their therapeutic and toxic effects in skin, however, are not clearly defined. We exposed human skin explants to two doses of HN2 and SM. At 18 hours after exposure, histopathologic features were compared. in addition, immunohistochemical markers to basement membrane proteins were used to evaluate the effects of both chemicals on the basement membrane zone. Gross vesication was not seen. Pyknotic nuclei with or without dyskeratotic changes within epidermal keratinocytes were present at both doses. These changes varied more between skin specimens than they did between doses. Ballooning degeneration was more marked after SM exposures. Diffuse dermal-epidermal separation was present only at high-dose exposures and did not appear to correlate with the degree of changes locally in the overlying epidermis. Antibodies to laminin-5 showed decreased immunoreactivity after exposure to HN2 and SM. Immunoreactivity for laminin-was decreased to a lesser extent, and immunoreactivity for collagen IV and VII was unchanged. HN2 and SM produce similar histopathologic and immunohistochemical features after cutaneous exposure. These features suggest that part of mechanism of action of HN2 and SM is a direct effect on the basement membrane zone. Understanding the effects of HN2 and SM separate from their effect on DNA may be important in designing therapies and in advancing our understanding of the pathophysiologic changes induced by these chemicals when delivered topically. C1 Lab Corp Amer, Herndon, VA USA. USA, Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen, MD USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Smith, KJ (reprint author), 6514 Rockhurst Rd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 17 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0193-1091 J9 AM J DERMATOPATH JI Am. J. Dermatopathol. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 20 IS 1 BP 22 EP 28 DI 10.1097/00000372-199802000-00005 PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA YX149 UT WOS:000072011300005 PM 9504665 ER PT J AU Wiesen, AR Byrd, JC Hospenthal, DR Howard, RS Shorr, AR Glass, KL Diehl, LF AF Wiesen, AR Byrd, JC Hospenthal, DR Howard, RS Shorr, AR Glass, KL Diehl, LF TI Transient abnormalities in serum bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase levels following red blood cell transfusions in adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POTASSIUM AB BACKGROUND: The effect of transfusion of small amounts of packed red blood cells (PRBC) on serum chemistry values is not known. METHODS: We studied 73 adult patients without evidence of bleeding who received 2-unit PRBC transfusions. In study 1 (n = 39), we examined multiple laboratory values pretransfusion and 15 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 24 hours posttransfusion. In study 2 (n = 34), we examined changes in fractionated bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, and haptoglobin prior to and 1 hour following the transfusion. RESULTS: Total bilirubin increased from a median pretransfusion baseline of 0.7 mg/dL to 1.4 mg/dL shortly after transfusion (P <0.0005), and then returned to normal 24 hours later. Of the 36 patients with normal pretreatment total bilirubin levels, 17 (47%) became transiently abnormal. The lactate dehydrogenase level increased similarly 15 minutes after transfusion, but returned to baseline 24 hours later. The unconjugated bilirubin level increased from a median baseline pretransfusion value of 0.3 mg/dL to 1.1 mg/dL at 1 hour posttransfusion (P <0.0005). No significant changes were noted in conjugated bilirubin levels or haptoglobin concentration following transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Transient increases in serum bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase are seen following transfusion of PRBC. These data should be considered when interpreting laboratory values during the first few hours after a transfusion. (C) 1998 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Byrd, JC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 104 IS 2 BP 144 EP 147 DI 10.1016/S0002-9343(97)00398-7 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZA187 UT WOS:000072337700006 PM 9528732 ER PT J AU Simmons, M Porter, KR Escamilla, J Graham, R Watts, DM Eckels, KH Hayes, CG AF Simmons, M Porter, KR Escamilla, J Graham, R Watts, DM Eckels, KH Hayes, CG TI Evaluation of recombinant dengue viral envelope B domain protein antigens for the detection of dengue complex-specific antibodies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY; ELISA; INFECTIONS; IGG AB To increase the specificity of dengue (DEN) diagnosis based on antibody detection, we have evaluated recombinant proteins as antigens that incorporate most of the B domain of the DEN virus envelope protein fused to the trpE protein of Escherichia coli (trpE-DEN). A pooled antigen consisting of trpE-DEN proteins representing all four serotypes of DEN virus was used in an indirect ELISA for the detection of IgG or IgM antibody. This assay was compared with a standard IgG indirect ELISA and an IgM-capture ELISA using DEN virus-infected cell culture pooled antigens. The results indicated that the trpE-DEN antigens and the cell culture antigens were equally sensitive for detecting IgM and IgG antibodies in convalescent sera from Peru and Indonesia representing virus isolation-confirmed primary and secondary DEN infections, respectively. Fourteen day postinfection IgG antibody-positive sera obtained from individuals infected with DEN-1 virus who had been vaccinated with other flaviviruses were more strongly reactive with the cell culture antigen than with the recombinant antigen, but by day 21 postinfection, a strong antibody response to the trpE-DEN antigens was present. These results suggested that the early antibody response was directed predominantly towards shared flavivirus group antigens that were not detected with the trpE-DEN antigens. Comparison of the trpE-DEN-1 recombinant antigen with a DEN-1 virus-infected cell lysate antigen for the detection of IgG antibody in sera from a cohort of 55 individuals from Peru who seroconverted over a one-year period indicated greater specificity for the recombinant antigens. Also, sera from individuals with no known DEN infections that had been sequentially vaccinated with yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis reacted with the DEN virus cell culture antigen in the IgG ELISA, but did not react with the trpE-DEN pooled antigens. Similarly, YF IgM antibody positive samples that showed cross-reactivity with the DEN virus cell. culture antigens, did not react with the trpE-DEN pooled antigens. These results indicated that the trpE-DEN pooled antigen provided a more specific diagnosis of dengue infections than DEN virus-infected cell culture antigen and avoided the biohazards associated with handling live virus during the preparation of diagnostic reagents. The trpE-DEN pooled antigen should permit a better approach to distinguish between past DEN and other flavivirus infections in epidemiologic surveys, and also increase the specificity of serologic diagnosis of acute DEN infections. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Dept Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Norfolk, VA 23513 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biol Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Inst Detachment, Lima, Peru. RP Simmons, M (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst, Dept Infect Dis, Code 4121,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 144 EP 151 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YZ465 UT WOS:000072256800006 PM 9502595 ER PT J AU McGaw, MM Chandler, LJ Wasieloski, LP Blair, CD Beaty, BJ AF McGaw, MM Chandler, LJ Wasieloski, LP Blair, CD Beaty, BJ TI Effect of La Crosse virus infection on overwintering of Aedes triseriatus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LACROSSE VIRUS; CULICIDAE; MOSQUITO; DIPTERA; RNA; DIAPAUSE; TERMINATION; TRANSCRIPTS; VECTOR AB The effect of La Crosse (LAC) virus infection on Aedes triseriatus overwintering success was determined. Eggs from LAC virus transovarially infected (LAG TOT+) and uninfected (LAG TOT-) Ae. triseriatus colonies were induced into diapause, held in natural conditions, and returned to the laboratory at predetermined times for assay of diapause, mortality, and filial infection rates, and to examine viral transcription and replication during diapause. Embryos from the LAC TOT+ colony exhibited greater cumulative mortality (16.7%) than the LAC TOT-eggs (7.3%) throughout the overwintering periods. The increased mortality rate in LAC TOT+ eggs corresponded with a decrease in filial infection rates. Eggs from the LAC TOTS colony terminated diapause more readily than the LAC TOT-colony. An RNA strand-specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique was used to monitor viral transcription and replication in mosquito eggs during overwintering, and to compare viral replication in diapausing and nondiapausing embryos. Viral messenger and replicative form RNA were present in eggs in all sample periods, suggesting that some virus replication occurred during diapause. C1 Colorado State Univ, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Beaty, BJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol, Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-32543] NR 25 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 168 EP 175 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YZ465 UT WOS:000072256800011 PM 9502600 ER PT J AU Brock-Utne, JG Gaffin, SL Dietz, F Andrews, T Jaffe, RA Steinberg, GK AF Brock-Utne, JG Gaffin, SL Dietz, F Andrews, T Jaffe, RA Steinberg, GK TI Plasma lipopolysaccharides may increase during rewarming in neurosurgical patients SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesia, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 86 IS 2S SU S MA S338 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA YV675 UT WOS:000071851500337 ER PT J AU Topf, AI Price, CM Joss, D Lahori, R Stowe, A McKnight, G AF Topf, AI Price, CM Joss, D Lahori, R Stowe, A McKnight, G TI Time course and intubating conditions for diluted rocuronium SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, TAMC, HI 96859 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 86 IS 2S SU S MA S516 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA YV675 UT WOS:000071851500515 ER PT J AU Rosen, DL AF Rosen, DL TI Wavelength pair selection for bacterial endospore detection by use of terbium dipicolinate photoluminescence SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE AB Two regression techniques, a multivariate technique and a subtracted component technique, were applied to two-wavelength response functions of mixtures of terbium (III) dipicolinate and insoluble bacterial particles. Two wavelength pairs were analyzed: a pair of neighboring wavelengths (450/490 nm) and a pair of widely spaced wavelengths (490/622 nm). The analysis shows that two emission-wavelength spectra from terbium-treated endospores can be distinguished from the vegetative bacteria spectrum above a limit of detection for endospores, which depends on the regression algorithm used to analyze the spectra. The subtracted component method for the neighboring wavelength pair had far lower limits of detection than the other methods. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL IS EE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Rosen, DL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL IS EE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 1 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 4 BP 805 EP 807 DI 10.1364/AO.37.000805 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA YV841 UT WOS:000071868700027 PM 18268656 ER PT J AU Pak, H Montemarano, AD Berger, T AF Pak, H Montemarano, AD Berger, T TI Purpuric nodules and macules on the extremities of a young woman - Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VASCULITIS; SPECTRUM C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Pak, H (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 134 IS 2 BP 231 EP + DI 10.1001/archderm.134.2.231-a PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA YX017 UT WOS:000071998000014 PM 9487217 ER PT J AU Tavaf-Motamen, H Ader, DN Browne, MW Shriver, CD AF Tavaf-Motamen, H Ader, DN Browne, MW Shriver, CD TI Clinical evaluation of mastalgia SO ARCHIVES OF SURGERY LA English DT Article ID CYCLICAL MASTALGIA; CONTROLLED TRIAL; MULTICENTER; THERAPY AB Objective: To describe an accurate and reproducible method to quantify a patient's subjective experience of breast pain. Design: Prospective diary study. Setting: Military tertiary care hospital. Patients: Thirty female military health care beneficiaries from the Waiter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, gynecology and general surgery clinics. Main Outcome Measures: Daily mastalgia was recorded using a visual analog scale and menstrual symptoms were measured using a daily questionnaire. These measures were correlated with results of a screening questionnaire completed prior to study entry. Results: Patients identified as having cyclical mastalgia based on the screening questionnaire (n = 15) were found to have higher peak perimenstrual mastalgia according to their daily diaries than patients who did not meet diagnostic criteria (n = 15) (5.3 +/- 0.7 vs 3.5 +/- 0.5, P < .001). Applying the same criteria used in the screening questionnaire to the diary data, 17 of 30 patients met diagnostic criteria for cyclical mastalgia. The ability of the screening questionnaire to predict the results of the prospective diary data was calculated, and positive and negative predictive values were 73 % and 60 %, respectively. Most patients with cyclical mastalgia also have other perimenstrual psychological and somatic complaints, although a subset of patients has high levels of mastalgia with minimal associated symptoms. Conclusions: Accurate assessment of mastalgia cannot be done with a retrospective questionnaire and requires prospective diary evaluation, owing to the variable and subjective nature of symptoms and recall bias. A daily visual analog scale provides reproducible results and is easy for patients to use. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Tavaf-Motamen, H (reprint author), 28 Hickory Ave, Takoma Pk, MD 20912 USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0004-0010 J9 ARCH SURG-CHICAGO JI Arch. Surg. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 133 IS 2 BP 211 EP 213 DI 10.1001/archsurg.133.2.211 PG 3 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA YX656 UT WOS:000072063200018 PM 9484737 ER PT J AU Fortney, SM Mikhaylov, V Lee, SMC Kobzev, Y Gonzalez, RR Greenleaf, JE AF Fortney, SM Mikhaylov, V Lee, SMC Kobzev, Y Gonzalez, RR Greenleaf, JE TI Body temperature and thermoregulation during submaximal exercise after 115-day spaceflight SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RESPONSES AB Background: Altered thermoregulation has been reported following spaceflight simulations (bed rest and water immersion) but has never been examined after actual spaceflight. Hypothesis: We tested the null hypothesis that body temperatures and heat loss responses during exercise would be similar before and after spaceflight. Methods: Two male crewmembers of the 115-d Mir 18 mission performed supine submaximal cycle exercise (20 min at 40% and 20 min at 65% of preflight (V) over dot O(2)peak) once at 145-146 d preflight and once at 5 d postflight (R + 5). Results: After flight neither crewmember could complete the exercise protocol, stopping after 28-29 min. The core temperature (Tin, ingestible telemetry pill) at test termination was similar (37.8 degrees C for both subjects) pre-and postflight despite shorter postflight test duration. The slopes or the skin blood flow (laser Doppler)/Tin relationship (subject 1: 396 vs. 214; subject 2: 704 vs. 143% change Perfusion Unit/degrees C), and the sweating rate (dew point hygrometry)/Tin relationship (subject 1: 6.3 vs. 2.0; subject 2: 4.6 vs. 0.7 mg.min(-1).cm(-2).degrees C-1), were both reduced postflight without appreciable change in the Tin thresholds for sweating or skin blood flow. Conclusion: in this preliminary report for two crew members, the sensitivity of the heat loss responses were reduced after long-duration spaceflight, resulting ina faster rate of rise in core temperature. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Space Biomed Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. KRUG Life Sci Inc, Houston, TX USA. Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Ctr, Star City, Russia. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Fortney, SM (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code SD-3, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 23 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 69 IS 2 BP 137 EP 141 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA YV836 UT WOS:000071868200008 PM 9491252 ER PT J AU Mercer, A Brown, JD AF Mercer, A Brown, JD TI Venous thromboembolism associated with air travel: A report of 33 patients SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS AB Background: The medical literature suggests long distance travel, particularly air travel, may be a risk factor fur venous thromboembolism, but the risk is poorly quantified. Methods: We reviewed 134 records of patients hospitalized with venous thromboembolism for comments regarding recent travel. Patients who had traveled within 31 d prior to venous thromboembolism were defined as recent travelers, Results: Of 134 patient records, 66 (49%) had documented inquiries regarding travel and 33 (50%) were recent air travelers. Data regarding demographics, mode of travel, day of onset of symptoms in relation to travel, and other risk factors for venous thromboembolism were abstracted from the records of the recent travelers. There were 12 (36%) travelers who had no other predisposition For venous thromboembolism. All had traveled non-stop by aircraft for 4 or more hours; none was identified as a crewmember. The median day of onset of venous thromboembolism was on travel day 4 (range: day 1-31). There were 8 (24%) patients who had onset during air travel or on the day of arrival, and 27 (82%) had onset by travel day lj. Air travel for 4 or more hours within the preceding 31 d was the most common risk factor for venous thromboembolism in our study patients and was present in 50%. This incidence is much higher than previously described, perhaps due to limiting the study population to those in which the presence or absence of travel was documented. Conclusion: Prospective studies ate needed to better define the risk factors for venous thromboembolism among long distance air passengers and crew-members, and to determine effective preventive measures. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Brown, JD (reprint author), Bayne Jones Army Community, Dept Med, Ft Polk, LA USA. NR 13 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 69 IS 2 BP 154 EP 157 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA YV836 UT WOS:000071868200012 PM 9491256 ER PT J AU Moores, LK AF Moores, LK TI The lung scan appearances of tumor embolization SO CHEST LA English DT Letter ID LYMPHANGITIC CARCINOMATOSIS; PERFUSION C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Moores, LK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD FEB PY 1998 VL 113 IS 2 BP 563 EP 563 DI 10.1378/chest.113.2.563 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA YX065 UT WOS:000072002900066 ER PT J AU Hoge, CW Gambel, JM Srijan, A Pitarangsi, C Echeverria, P AF Hoge, CW Gambel, JM Srijan, A Pitarangsi, C Echeverria, P TI Trends in antibiotic resistance among diarrheal pathogens isolated in Thailand over 15 years SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STRAINS MULTIPLY RESISTANT; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; PREVENTION; AMPICILLIN; FREQUENCY; TRAVELERS AB Antibiotic resistance trends were examined for Shigella species, nontyphoidal Salmonella species, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), and Campylobacter species isolates from indigenous persons and travelers in Thailand for up to 15 years, Resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was found in >90% of Shigella and 40% of ETEC and nontyphoidal Salmonella isolates. Resistance to nalidixic acid was found in 97%-100% of Shigella dysenteriae 1 strains isolated between 1992 and 1995. Ciprofloxacin resistance was detected in 1% of ETEC isolates in 1994 and 1995 and in one of 349 nontyphoidal Salmonella isolates in 1995. Ciprofloxacin resistance among Campylobacter species increased from zero before 1991 to 84% in 1995 (P<.0001). Azithromycin resistance was found in 7%-15% of Campylobacter isolates in 1994 and 1995, as well as 15% of ETEC and 3% of Salmonella isolates in 1995. Enteric pathogens in Thailand have developed resistance to virtually all antibiotics routinely used in the treatment of diarrhea, as well as the newer fluoroquinolone and macrolide classes of drugs. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Bacteriol Immunol & Mol Genet, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Gambel, JM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Bldg 40, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 22 TC 206 Z9 214 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 26 IS 2 BP 341 EP 345 DI 10.1086/516303 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YW499 UT WOS:000071941900016 PM 9502453 ER PT J AU Holmgren, J Sturm, M Yankielun, NE Koh, G AF Holmgren, J Sturm, M Yankielun, NE Koh, G TI Extensive measurements of snow depth using FM-CW radar SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE radar; snow; snow depth; X-band radar ID MICROWAVE AB A sled-mounted X-band FM-CW radar and field data reduction system was developed and field tested. An integral part of the measurement program was the use of a computer algorithm to pick peak radar amplitudes, which were needed to convert radar data into depths in the field. A set of field protocols, designed to collocate radar and hand-probe depth measurements, were used with the algorithm to locally calibrate the radar because, without local calibration, depths were unreliable. Mean snow depths determined using the calibrated radar agreed with mean depths determined by hand to within 3% but had a consistently larger variance because of radar measurement errors. An analysis of the errors indicates that they are random and can be removed by filtering using an Optimal (Wiener) filter, thereby producing both the same mean and variance in snow depth from the radar as that obtained by hand-probing. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab Alaska, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Sturm, M (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab Alaska, POB 35170, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 27 IS 1 BP 17 EP 30 DI 10.1016/S0165-232X(97)00020-7 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA ZT489 UT WOS:000074093000002 ER PT J AU Nusca, MJ AF Nusca, MJ TI Numerical simulation of electromagnetic wave attenuation in nonequilibrium chemically reacting flows SO COMPUTERS & FLUIDS LA English DT Article AB The effects df various gasdynamic phenomena on the attenuation of an electromagnetic (EM) wave propagating through the hypervelocity flow field generated by an aerodynamic body, are numerically investigated. The reacting flow field around a blunt wedge-consisting of nitric oxide ions, free electrons, and other species-is simulated using a computational fluid dynamics computer code. The computer code solves the Navier-Stokes equations including a nonequilibrium air kinetics model consisting of seven Species and ten reactions, using a time-marching, explicit Runge-Kutta scheme. An EM wave, originating from within the wedge, is attenuated by the free electrons (plasma) in the chemically reacting how. Attenuation analysis is performed separately (uncoupled) from the gasdynamic analysis using a series solution of Maxwell's equations valid for a long-wavelength plane wave and a thin (i.e. in comparison to wavelength) inhomogeneous plasma layer. The results of this computational study systematically demonstrate the importance of chemical kinetics, viscosity, mass diffusion and wall boundary conditions (adiabatic, isothermal, catalytic) for computer modeling of EM wave attenuation due to an aerodynamic plasma. Comparison is made with experimental data. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Nusca, MJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7930 J9 COMPUT FLUIDS JI Comput. Fluids PD FEB PY 1998 VL 27 IS 2 BP 217 EP 238 DI 10.1016/S0045-7930(97)00020-0 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Mechanics GA ZG192 UT WOS:000072976400005 ER PT J AU Hines, JF Ghim, SJ Jenson, AB AF Hines, JF Ghim, SJ Jenson, AB TI Prospects for human papillomavirus vaccine development: emerging HPV vaccines SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID ADENOVIRUS-MEDIATED TRANSFER; VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; CERVICAL-CANCER; PROTEINS; TYPE-16; CELLS; IMMUNIZATION; INFECTION; L1; EXPRESSION AB This review concentrates on recent advances in human papillomavirus vaccine development. Strategies for prophylactic HPV subunit vaccines utilizing recombinantly synthesized, immunogenic virus-like particles are discussed. Therapeutic strategies focusing on the induction of cell-mediated immunity and gene manipulation for the treatment of established HPV-associated disease are also reviewed. (C) 1998 Rapid Science Ltd. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, MCHE OG, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Hines, JF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, MCHE OG, Bldg 3600,3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 11 IS 1 BP 57 EP 61 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA YT332 UT WOS:000071590900013 PM 17033369 ER PT J AU Clayton, AS Angeloni, V AF Clayton, AS Angeloni, V TI Bullous pemphigoid in a previously irradiated site SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID THERAPY; RADIOTHERAPY; TETRACYCLINE AB A 58-year-old woman who had previously undergone radiation therapy for breast cancer sustained bullous pemphigoid confined mainly to the radiation site. Radiation-induced bullous pemphigoid is an infrequently reported occurrence. This patient's lesions resolved within several weeks with combined oral therapy using tetracycline and niacinamide. C1 USA, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USAF, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Clayton, AS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD FEB PY 1998 VL 61 IS 2 BP 73 EP 76 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA YZ084 UT WOS:000072218700004 PM 9515211 ER PT J AU Keough, GC English, JC Meffert, JJ AF Keough, GC English, JC Meffert, JJ TI Eczematous hypersensitivity from aqueous vitamin K injection SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID PHYTONADIONE AB Hypoprothrombinemic states are commonly treated with injectable vitamin K. Cutaneous vitamin K hypersensitivity can manifest as eczematous or sclerodermoid lesions and historically has been related to the use of fat-soluble vitamin K1. We present a case of warfarin-induced hypoprothrombinemia treated with aqueous vitamin K1, which resulted in the appearance of eczematous vitamin K1 hypersensitivity. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Keough, GC (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Bldg 3600,3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD FEB PY 1998 VL 61 IS 2 BP 81 EP 83 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA YZ084 UT WOS:000072218700005 PM 9515212 ER PT J AU Schissel, DJ Elston, DM AF Schissel, DJ Elston, DM TI Lichen planus associated with hepatitis C SO CUTIS LA English DT Article AB The cause of lichen planus is unknown. Oral erosive lichen planus has been reported in association with liver disease. We describe a patient with chronic hepatitis C-acquired through a blood transfusion with subsequent development of widespread hypertrophic lichen planus. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Schissel, DJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD FEB PY 1998 VL 61 IS 2 BP 90 EP 92 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA YZ084 UT WOS:000072218700008 PM 9515215 ER PT J AU Keough, GC Richardson, TT Grabski, WJ AF Keough, GC Richardson, TT Grabski, WJ TI Pravastatin-induced lichenoid drug eruption SO CUTIS LA English DT Article AB Although drug eruptions caused by pravastatin and other lovastatin analogs have previously been described, reports of lichenoid eruptions are rare. We report a patient whose lichenoid lesions developed after initiation, resolved on discontinuation, and reappeared on rechallenge with pravastatin therapy. A brief review of lichenoid drug eruptions and skin lesions due to 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors is discussed. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Keough, GC (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Bldg 3600,3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD FEB PY 1998 VL 61 IS 2 BP 98 EP 100 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA YZ084 UT WOS:000072218700010 PM 9515217 ER PT J AU Kenner, JR Benson, PM Sinha, C Willard, CC Harrington, AC Sau, P AF Kenner, JR Benson, PM Sinha, C Willard, CC Harrington, AC Sau, P TI Acinic cell carcinoma presenting as an upper lip mass SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID SALIVARY-GLANDS; ADENOCARCINOMA AB BACKGROUND. Acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor generally involving the parotid gland and infrequently the minor salivary glands. OBJECTIVE. Clinical and histopathological characteristics of a case of ACC of the minor salivary glands, and brief review of the literature. METHODS. Routine stains with HBE, PAS, iron, and mucicarmine; immunohistochemistry with cytokeratin, CEA, S-100, and leu-M1. RESULTS. The ACC was removed by wide local excision. Histopathology revealed papillary cystic, solid, and ductal architectural features. The mucinous material within the lumina of the cystic and ductal structures was PAS and mucicarmine positive, and diastase resistant. All tested immunohistochemical reagents reacted with the epithelial cells. There were no mitoses, necrosis, cellular pleomorphism, or infiltration. CONCLUSIONS. ACC is a rare tumor of salivary glands characterized by an indolent clinical course with the potential for both local recurrence and metastatic spread when tracked for decades. Published mortality rates vary from 6 to 50%. Histopathologic features do not reliably predict biologic behavior. (C) 1998 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Oral Pathol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Kenner, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 24 IS 2 BP 283 EP 285 PG 3 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA YX913 UT WOS:000072093300022 PM 9491126 ER PT J AU Wolden, CA Davis, RF Sitar, Z Prater, JT AF Wolden, CA Davis, RF Sitar, Z Prater, JT TI Flat-flame diamond CVD: the effect of pressure and operating conditions for specific applications SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-like and Related Materials/4th International Conference on the Applications of Diamond Films and Related Materials CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP ASTeX, De Beers Ind Diamond Div, Elsevier Sci Ltd, Renishaw Plc DE boron doping; combustion synthesis; low temperature; texture ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; BIAS-ENHANCED NUCLEATION; TEXTURED GROWTH; FILMS; FLOW; COMBUSTION; SILICON AB The radial uniformity and scaleable nature of flat flames make them an attractive technique for diamond deposition. The advantages of low-pressure operation relative to atmospheric operation are discussed with respect to reactor design, heat transfer considerations and flame stability. The thermochemistry and kinetics of flat flames are described in regard to process optimization. Examples are provided to describe how to tailor the low-pressure process for the following applications: morphology control for the production of [100] textured films, low-temperature deposition and the introduction of dopants. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wolden, CA (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Davis, Robert/A-9376-2011 OI Davis, Robert/0000-0002-4437-0885 NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 7 IS 2-5 BP 133 EP 138 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(97)00206-9 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA ZB444 UT WOS:000072472600004 ER PT J AU Sitar, Z Liu, W Yang, PC Wolden, CA Schlesser, R Prater, JT AF Sitar, Z Liu, W Yang, PC Wolden, CA Schlesser, R Prater, JT TI Heteroepitaxial nucleation of diamond on nickel SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-like and Related Materials/4th International Conference on the Applications of Diamond Films and Related Materials CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP ASTeX, De Beers Ind Diamond Div, Elsevier Sci Ltd, Renishaw Plc DE heteroepitaxy; heated filament; nickel; diamond AB Highly oriented diamond has been grown on (100) nickel substrates by the hot filament chemical vapor deposition method. Epitaxial nuclei were obtained by a diamond powder seeding and high temperature annealing process. Since the timing of the process was crucial for the achievement of a high degree of orientation and high density of diamond nuclei, a real-time, in-situ laser reflectometry system was developed to monitor changes in surface morphology observed during the high temperature annealing stage. Characteristic features observed in the intensities of reflected and scattered light were interpreted by comparison with scanning electron micrographs of the samples quenched at sequential stages of the process. It was concluded that the scattered light signal can be effectively used as a process steering parameter, Using this technique, oriented nucleation and growth of diamond on Ni was reproducibly achieved. Auger spectroscopy showed that up to 6 at% of carbon was dissolved in the nickel surface layer. The investigation of interfacial microstructures and phases involved by transmission electron microscopy revealed the formation of Ni4C already in the early stages of nucleation. This phase was manifested as coherent precipitates and is believed to have been the precursor for diamond nucleation. Perfectly epitaxial diamond was grown by this process. The epitaxial relationship was determined by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction analysis. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Sitar, Z (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 12 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 7 IS 2-5 BP 276 EP 282 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(97)00244-6 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA ZB444 UT WOS:000072472600031 ER PT J AU Jarvis, AS McFarland, VA Honeycutt, ME AF Jarvis, AS McFarland, VA Honeycutt, ME TI Assessment of the effectiveness of composting for the reduction of toxicity and mutagenicity of explosive-contaminated soil SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM AB Composting is being developed as an economical method for remediating explosive-contaminated soils and has been found to reduce the concentrations of target contaminants such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), However, whether environmental safety is improved by composting can be determined only by assessing the effects of the treated material on living organisms, In this study two bioassays, the Mutatox assay and the earthworm acute toxicity test, were used to evaluate the effectiveness of a pilot-scale composting demonstration in reducing environmental hazard, Explosive-contaminated soil was collected from a military installation and amended for composting in two adiabatic reactors, The unamended soil was lethal to all exposed earthworms, as were both amended replicates, prior to composting, Serial dilutions of the finished composts with artificial soil had earthworm 14-day LC50 values of 35.7 and 100% finished compost: artificial soil, Extracts of the initial materials were also toxic to bacteria in the Mutatox assay, Dilutions of those extracts to sublethal concentrations revealed a low level of mutagenicity, Extras of the finished composts indicated reduced bacterial toxicity, but the mutagenicity was markedly increased by composting, The reduction in lethality reflected the attenuation of explosives caused by composting, as indicated by chemical analysis, However, the increased mutagenicity was a result that would not have been indicated by chemical analysis alone and is inferred to be the result of the formation of mutagenic metabolites of explosives during composting and their incomplete degradation, (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 USA, Ctr Environm, Waterways Expt Stn, CEWES,ES,F, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. TNRCC TARA, Austin, TX 78711 USA. RP Jarvis, AS (reprint author), USA, Ctr Environm, Waterways Expt Stn, CEWES,ES,F, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM jarviss@ex1.wes.army.mil NR 19 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 39 IS 2 BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.1006/eesa.1997.1617 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA ZC209 UT WOS:000072552500008 PM 9515085 ER PT J AU Ahn, JH Morey, AF McAninch, JW AF Ahn, JH Morey, AF McAninch, JW TI Workup and management of traumatic hematuria SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BLUNT RENAL TRAUMA; BLADDER RUPTURE; RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION; NONOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT; PEDIATRIC POPULATION; SURGICAL-MANAGEMENT; EXTERNAL TRAUMA; INJURY; EXPERIENCE; CHILDREN AB Hematuria is an important indicator of genitourinary tract injury after trauma. Correct initial evaluation of hematuria will affect diagnosis, management, and outcome of resultant injuries. This article presents recommendations for further evaluation when hematuria is found, depending on the mechanism of injury and clinical status of the patient. Once injuries have been adequately diagnosed and staged, appropriate management decisions can de made with urologic consultation. C1 San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Urol 3A20, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP McAninch, JW (reprint author), San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Urol 3A20, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 16 IS 1 BP 145 EP + DI 10.1016/S0733-8627(05)70353-9 PG 22 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA ZH428 UT WOS:000073108000011 PM 9496319 ER PT J AU Castellani, JW Maresh, CM Armstrong, LE Kenefick, RW Riebe, D Echegaray, M Kavouras, S Castracane, VD AF Castellani, JW Maresh, CM Armstrong, LE Kenefick, RW Riebe, D Echegaray, M Kavouras, S Castracane, VD TI Endocrine responses during exercise-heat stress: effects of prior isotonic and hypotonic intravenous rehydration SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plasma norepinephrine; plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone; plasma cortisol ID GRADED HYPOHYDRATION LEVELS; CORTISOL SECRETION; CONSCIOUS DOGS; PLASMA; VASOPRESSIN; BLOOD; RENIN; ACTH AB Exercise following exercise-induced dehydration (EID) has been shown to elevate concentrations of plasma norepinephrine (NE) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormones. However, it is not known how intravenous (i.v.) rehydration (Ph) with isotonic (ISO) or hypotonic (HYPO) saline affects these hormone concentrations. It was hypothesized that HYPO, versus ISO, would lead to lower plasma NE and cortisol concentrations ([CORT]) during subsequent exercise following EID due to a decrease in plasma sodium concentration [Na+]. Eight non-heat acclimated men completed three experimental treatments (counterbalanced design) immediately following EID (33 degrees C) to -4% body mass loss. The Rh treatments were i.v. 0.9% NaCl (ISO, 25 ml.kg(-1)), i.v. 0.45% NaCl (HYPO, 25 ml.kg(-1)), and no fluid (NF). After Ph and rest (2 h total), the subjects walked at 53-54 percent of maximal O-2 uptake for 45 min at 36 degrees C. After Rh, the following observations were made before/during exercise: percentage change in plasma volume (PV) was lower in NF compared to ISO and HYPO but similar between ISO and HYPO; Delta[Na+] was similar between ISO and NF and higher in ISO compared to HYPO; Delta plasma NE was higher in NF compared to ISO and HYPO, but similar between ISO and HYPO; Delta plasma [CORT] was higher in NF compared to ISO and HYPO and higher in ISO compared to HYPO; rectal temperature was higher in NF compared to ISO and HYPO. These data would suggest that sympathetic nervous activity and [CORT] during exercise, subsequent to EID and Ph, was affected by lower PV (probably through cardiopulmonary baroreflexes) as well as core temperature. Furthermore, [CORT] was affected by Delta[Na+] after Ph through an unknown mechanism. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Panhandle Reprod Res Lab, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Nutr Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Physiol & Neurobiol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Sport Leisure & Exercise Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Castellani, JW (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. OI Kavouras, Stavros/0000-0001-7485-8112 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0301-5548 J9 EUR J APPL PHYSIOL O JI Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 77 IS 3 BP 242 EP 248 DI 10.1007/s004210050328 PG 7 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA ZB075 UT WOS:000072432800008 PM 9535585 ER PT J AU Pecht, M Boullie, J Hakim, E Jain, AK Jackson, M Knowles, I Schroeder, R Strange, AD Wyler, J AF Pecht, M Boullie, J Hakim, E Jain, AK Jackson, M Knowles, I Schroeder, R Strange, AD Wyler, J TI The realism of FAA reliability-safety requirements and alternatives SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB As avionic systems become more complex, realistic qualification requirements for the flight-critical systems becomes more important, but more difficult to define. Requirements developed to establish acceptable levels of performance must be verifiable if they are to have any meaning. This article shows that both the current FAA requirements of flight-critical systems and the FAA recommended methods for probabilistic assessment are flawed, and result in "required" safety assessments which are misleading, Alternatives are then explored. C1 Univ Maryland, CALCE Elect Packaging Res Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Aerosaptiale, Louis Bleriot Corp Res Ctr, DCR BE, F-92152 Suresnes, France. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE RD, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs Innovat, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA. Northrup Grumman Corp, Linthicum, MD 21090 USA. Knoles Minist Def, Bristol BS12 7DU, Avon, England. Rockwell Int Corp, Commun Syst Div, Richardson, TX 75082 USA. British Aerosp Mil Aircraft & Aerostruct Ltd, Preston, Lancs, England. Smiths Ind, Malvern, PA 19355 USA. RP Pecht, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, CALCE Elect Packaging Res Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. OI Pecht, Michael/0000-0003-1126-8662 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 13 IS 2 BP 16 EP 20 DI 10.1109/62.656329 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA YX221 UT WOS:000072018500006 ER PT J AU Swami, A Sadler, B AF Swami, A Sadler, B TI Parameter estimation for linear alpha-stable processes SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE alpha stable processes; blind system identification; correlation; cumulants ID IDENTIFICATION AB Although alpha-stable processes have infinite variance, one can define and consistently estimate the normalized correlations and cumulants of linear processes with stable innovations. Hence, conventional techniques can be used to estimate the parameters of nonminimum phase alpha-stable processes. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL IS TA, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Swami, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL IS TA, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1070-9908 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC LET JI IEEE Signal Process. Lett. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 5 IS 2 BP 48 EP 50 DI 10.1109/97.659549 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA YX466 UT WOS:000072042800006 ER PT J AU Marinelli, AMP AF Marinelli, AMP TI The dynamic range tester: A multipurpose "Real-World" signal simulator for correlator testing and other applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference - Sensing, Processing, Networking (IMTC/97) CY MAY 18-22, 1997 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Ottawa Sect DE acoustooptic correlators; antennas; correlators; interference; spread spectrum communications; test equipment; white noise AB The dynamic range tester (DRT) is a patented prototype system that functions as a dual-channel, precision signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) generator [1], It was designed for testing high-speed acoustooptic correlators, and can be used for many applications requiring "real-world" test signals. The DRT is a convenient tool for generating two highly isolated, noisy test signals from a single signal source, to simulate two antennas receiving the same signals. By splitting a user-supplied signal into two copies and adding wideband, random noise to each portion, the DRT generates two noisy test signals, one in each channel. The noise generated in one channel of the DRT is uncorrelated and isolated from the noise generated in the other channel by approximately 90 dB. The correlated (signal) and uncorrelated (noise) parts of the test signals are each variable over a wide dynamic range. The DRT is useful for a variety of testing and demonstration purposes: generally, for evaluating a system's tolerance to noisy inputs and specifically, for making measurements of dynamic range, processing gain, and frequency resolution of a correlator, spectrum analyzer, or other signal processing system. The DRT can also use two signal sources, one in each noisy channel, to simulate two antennas receiving different signals. This configuration of the DRT mag be useful for performing interference and bandwidth testing of signal processing hardware. The patented design is extendible to all frequency ranges, perhaps for producing useful instrumentation in such fields as telecommunications, telemetry, biomedical engineering, etc. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Marinelli, AMP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 47 IS 1 BP 90 EP 94 DI 10.1109/19.728797 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 136CZ UT WOS:000076841900020 ER PT J AU Krakauer, T Heath, D AF Krakauer, T Heath, D TI Lack of IL-1 receptor antagonistic activity of the capsular F1 antigen of Yersinia pestis SO IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE capsular F1 antigen; IL-1ra activity ID T-CELL; INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA; FRACTION-1; EFFICACY; VACCINIA; ADHESION; PROTEIN; MICE AB Because capsular Fl antigen of Yersinia pestis is reported to share sequence homology with interleukin-l receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), we investigated the potential IL-1 receptor antagonistic activity of Fl on human endothelial cells (EC). The biological activities of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) or IL-1ra-like molecule were measured by its ability to suppress the IL-1 beta-mediated induction of adhesion molecules (ICAM and ELAM) on EC and of IL-6 secretion by these cells. Two different, purified, immunogenic and biologically active preparations of Fl, at concentrations up to 10-fold higher than that of IL-1ra, did not exhibit any inhibitory activities of IL-1ra. These Fl preparations also did not activate peripheral blood mononuclear cells to produce IL-4 or IL-10, cytokines which might downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to infection. Thus, even though there is a high degree of similarity between Fl antigen and IL-1ra in three-dimensional structure by computer modeling and sequence homology, our work indicates that F1 antigen of Y. pestis does not have IL-1ra-like activity. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Landsthul Army Reg Med Ctr, Area Lab Serv, Dept Pathol, D-66849 Landstuhl, Germany. RP Krakauer, T (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Bldg 1425, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2478 J9 IMMUNOL LETT JI Immunol. Lett. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 60 IS 2-3 BP 137 EP 142 DI 10.1016/S0165-2478(97)00138-7 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA ZE690 UT WOS:000072820500011 PM 9557955 ER PT J AU Pullen, JK Anderson, GW Welkos, SL Friedlander, AM AF Pullen, JK Anderson, GW Welkos, SL Friedlander, AM TI Analysis of the Yersinia pestis V protein for the presence of linear antibody epitopes SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID OVERLAPPING SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; ANTIGEN FUSION PEPTIDE; B-CELL EPITOPES; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION; T-CELL; VIRULENCE; PLAGUE; MICE; PROTECTION AB The V protein expressed by pathogenic Yersinia pestis is an important virulence factor and protective immunogen. The presence of linear B-cell epitopes in the V protein was investigated by using a series of 17 overlapping linear peptides. Groups of 10 mice were immunized intraperitoneally with 30 mu g of each peptide on days 0, 30, and 60. Although the V protein-specific antibody response to the peptides varied, most of the peptides elicited high antibody titers. The immunized mice were challenged subcutaneously with 60 50% lethal doses (LD50) (1 LD50 1.9 CFU) of a virulent Y. pestis strain, CO92. None of the peptide-immunized mice survived challenge. The animals immunized with the V protein were completely protected against challenge, The immunogenicity of some of the V peptides was increased by conjugating them to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Only one peptide (encompassing amino acids 1 to 30) conjugate demonstrated some protection; the others were not protective, In additional experiments, V peptides that reacted well with sera from mice surviving Y. pestis infection were combined and used to immunize mice, Although the combined peptides appeared to be very immunogenic, they were not protective. Therefore, the protective B-lymphocyte epitope(s) in the V protein is most likely to be conformational. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Anderson, GW (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 42 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 66 IS 2 BP 521 EP 527 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YU693 UT WOS:000071744800019 PM 9453605 ER PT J AU Eng, TY AF Eng, TY TI Two sides are better than one SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Letter C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Eng, TY (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 1998 VL 40 IS 3 BP 752 EP 753 DI 10.1016/S0360-3016(97)00847-X PG 2 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YX786 UT WOS:000072077700032 PM 9486630 ER PT J AU Montain, SJ Sawka, MN Latzka, WA Valeri, CR AF Montain, SJ Sawka, MN Latzka, WA Valeri, CR TI Thermal and cardiovascular strain from hypohydration: Influence of exercise intensity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE dehydration; stroke volume; cardiac output; thermoregulation ID HEAT-STRESS; DEHYDRATION; BLOOD; PERFORMANCE; HYDRATION; TOLERANCE; RESPONSES; PLASMA AB This study determined the effects of exercise intensity on the physiologic (thermal and cardiovascular) strain induced from hypohydration during heat stress. We hypothesized that the added thermal and cardiovascular strain induced by hypohydration would be greater during high intensity than low intensity exercise. Nine heat-acclimated men completed a matrix of nine trials: three exercise intensities, 25%, 45% and 65% (V) over dot O(2)max; and three hydration levels, euhydration and hypohydration at 3% and 5% body weight loss (BWL). During each trial, subjects attempted 50 min of treadmill exercise in a hot room (30 degrees C db, 50% rh) while body temperatures and cardiac output were measured. Hypohydration was achieved by exercise and fluid restriction the day preceding the trials. Core temperature increased (P<0.05) 0.12 degrees C per%BWL at each hypohydration level and was not affected by exercise intensity. Cardiac output was reduced (P<0.05) compared to euhydration levels and was reduced more during high compared to low intensity exercise after 5% BWL. It was concluded that: a) the thermal penalty (core temperature increase) accompanying hypohydration is not altered by exercise intensity; and b) at severe hypohydration levels, the cardiovascular penalty (cardiac output reduction) increases with exercise intensity. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Boston Univ, Med Ctr, USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA USA. RP Montain, SJ (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 23 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 30 11 20, D-70451 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0172-4622 J9 INT J SPORTS MED JI Int. J. Sports Med. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 19 IS 2 BP 87 EP 91 DI 10.1055/s-2007-971887 PG 5 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA ZF142 UT WOS:000072867100003 PM 9562215 ER PT J AU Smith, L AF Smith, L TI Special considerations for the child with airway disease SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Century Management of Upper Respiratory Allergic Diseases - a Focus on Allergy and Asthma CY JAN 13-14, 1997 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ID ASTHMA; DIAGNOSIS C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Allergy Immunol Dept, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Smith, L (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Allergy Immunol Dept, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 101 IS 2 SU S BP S370 EP S372 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(98)70223-4 PN 2 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA ZA245 UT WOS:000072343900007 PM 9500731 ER PT J AU Hogan, AW Ferrick, MG AF Hogan, AW Ferrick, MG TI Observations in nonurban heat islands SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB The urban heat island is a well-known and well-described temperature anomaly, but other types of heat islands are also infrequently reported. A 10 km x 30 km data field containing more than 100 individual winter morning air temperature measurement points was examined for areas characteristically warmer than surrounding areas. The very small "downtown" of Hanover, New Hampshire, was found to be 1 degrees-2 degrees C warmer than nearby open areas at the same elevation. The same technique was applied to examine the morning air temperature within a nearby hamlet consisting of about 60 wooden buildings within an area less than 0.3 km(2). The bulk of observations and observations stratified by snow and sky cover showed no systematic difference between hamlet air temperatures and those obtained in surrounding terrain. Morning air temperatures along a freezing river were measured and found to be systematically warmer than nearby air temperatures for several days, until a significant snowfall diminished the ice growth rate. A thorough examination of temperature profiles near the river showed that the increase in air temperature beneath the overnight inversion during this freezing period was proportional to the heat release resulting from river ice growth. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Ferrick, MG (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 37 IS 2 BP 232 EP 236 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1998)037<0232:OINHI>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YW748 UT WOS:000071969300009 ER PT J AU Yang, DQ Goodison, BE Metcalfe, JR Golubev, VS Bates, R Pangburn, T Hanson, CL AF Yang, DQ Goodison, BE Metcalfe, JR Golubev, VS Bates, R Pangburn, T Hanson, CL TI Accuracy of NWS 8" standard nonrecording precipitation gauge: Results and application of WMO intercomparison SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY MAR 27-31, 1995 CL CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID UNITED-STATES; SNOWFALL AB The standard 8 " nonrecording precipitation gauge has been used historically by the National Weather Service (NWS) as the official precipitation measurement instrument of the U.S. climate station network. From 1986 to 1992, the accuracy and performance of this gauge (unshielded or with an Alter shield) were evaluated during the WMO Solid Precipitation Measurement Intercomparison at three stations in the United States and Russia representing a variety of climate, terrain, and exposure. The double-fence intercomparison reference (DFIR) was the reference standard used at all the intercomparison stations in the Intercomparison project. The Intercomparison data collected at different sites are compatible with respect to the catch ratio (gauge measured/DFIR) for the same gauges, when compared using wind speed at the height of gauge orifice during the observation period. The effects of environmental factors, such as wind speed and temperature, on the gauge catch were investigated. Wind speed was found to be the most important factor determining gauge catch when precipitation was classified into snow, mixed, and rain. The regression functions of the catch ratio versus wind speed at the gauge height on a daily time step were derived for various types of precipitation. Independent checks of the equations have been conducted at these intercomparison stations and good agreement was obtained. Application of the correction procedures for wind, wetting loss, and trace amounts was made on a daily basis at Barrow, Alaska, for 1958 and 1983, and, on average, the gauge-measured precipitation was increased by 20% for rain and 90% for snow. C1 Atmospher Environm Serv, Climate Res Branch, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. State Hydrol Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID USA. RP Yang, DQ (reprint author), Atmospher Environm Serv, Climate Res Branch, 4905 Dufferin St, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. NR 36 TC 134 Z9 140 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 15 IS 1 BP 54 EP 68 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1998)015<0054:AONSNP>2.0.CO;2 PN 1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YV252 UT WOS:000071804600007 ER PT J AU Arciero, CRA Taylor, DC AF Arciero, CRA Taylor, DC TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Letter C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Keller Army Community Hosp, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Arciero, CRA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 80A IS 2 BP 299 EP 299 PG 1 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA YY436 UT WOS:000072146400017 ER PT J AU Rose, PG Blessing, JA Mayer, AR Homesley, HD AF Rose, PG Blessing, JA Mayer, AR Homesley, HD TI Prolonged oral etoposide as second-line therapy for platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive ovarian carcinoma: A gynecologic oncology group study SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL LUNG-CANCER; PHASE-II TRIAL; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; SOLID TUMORS; CHEMOTHERAPY; EPIPODOPHYLLOTOXIN; LEUKEMIA; PACLITAXEL; TOPOTECAN; TOXICITY AB Purpose: A phase II trial was conducted to determine the activity of prolonged oral etoposide in platinum resistant and platinum-sensitive ovarian carcinoma. Patients and Methods: platinum-resistant disease was defined as progression on platinum-based chemotherapy or recurrence within 6 months of completing therapy. The starting dose was 50 mg/m(2)/d (30 mg/m(2)/d for prior radiotherapy) for 21 days, every 28 days. A dose escalation to a maximum dose of 60 mg/m(2)/d was prescribed. Results: Of 99 patients entered, 97 were assessable for toxicity and 82 were assessable for response. Among 41 platinum-resistant patients a 26.8% response rate (7.3% complete response [CR] and 19.5% partial response [PR] rate) occurred. The median response duration was 4.3 months (range, 1.3 to 8.7), median progression-free interval (PFI) was 5.7 months (range, 0.8 to 30.8+), and median survival time was 10.8 months (range, 1.9 to 45.8). Twenty five of 41 platinum-resistant patients had also previously received paclitaxel; of which eight (32%) responded. Among 41 platinum-sensitive patients, a 34.1% response rate (14.6% CR and 19.5% PR rate) occurred. The median response duration was 7.5 months (range, 1.9 to 15.2+), median PFI was 6.3+ months (range, 0.9 to 20.4), and median survival time was 16.5+ months (range, 0.9 to 34.8). Of 97 patients assessable For toxicity, grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity was common, with leukopenia occurring in 41.2% (grade 3, 29%; grade 4, 12%), neutropenia in 45.4% (grade 3, 20%; grade 4, 25%), thrombocytopenia in 9% (grade 3, 5%; grade 4, 4%), and anemia in 13.4%. Three treatment-related deaths occurred: two from neutropenic sepsis and one from thrombocytopenic bleeding after an overdose. One patient developed leukemia. Conclusion: This regimen is active in platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive ovarian carcinoma. Additionally, the regimen is active in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian carcinoma. (C) 1998 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Univ Hosp Cleveland, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Gynecol Oncol Grp, Buffalo, NY USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Bowman Gray Sch Med, Carolina Gynecol Oncol, Winston Salem, NC USA. RP Rose, PG (reprint author), Gynecol Oncol Grp, Adm Off, Suite 1945,1234 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 27469, CA 37517] NR 35 TC 245 Z9 254 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 16 IS 2 BP 405 EP 410 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA YU724 UT WOS:000071747900003 PM 9469322 ER PT J AU Young, SA Hurt, PH Benedek, DM Howard, RS AF Young, SA Hurt, PH Benedek, DM Howard, RS TI Treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder with sertraline during the luteal phase: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 150th Annual Meeting of the American-Psychiatric-Association CY MAY 17-23, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Psychiat Assoc ID BETA-ENDORPHIN; FLUOXETINE; DEPRESSION; SYMPTOMS; THERAPY AB Background: The authors designed a randomized, double-blind, crossover study to assess the efficacy of sertraline in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) when given only during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Method: Thirty-one subjects were selected for a 7-month study period that included an initial 2 months of screening, 2 months of treatment with placebo or sertraline, 1 washout month, and 2 months of crossover treatment with either placebo or sertraline. Eleven subjects completed the study. Symptoms were monitored with daily reports using the Calendar of Premenstrual Experience (COPE). For each study phase, premenstrual COPE scores (7 days prior to menses) were examined using repeated measures analysis of variance. Scores were logarithmically transformed. Comparison of baseline scores between the luteal and follicular phases was examined using the paired t test. Results: Analysis of COPE results during the treatment periods of the luteal phase showed a significant treatment effect, with higher scores during the placebo cycles compared with the sertraline-treated cycles (p =.0052 behavioral, p =.014 physical). Conclusion: This study is the first to demonstrate a significant response to a serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor used only during the luteal phase. The authors point out the importance of this finding both in terms of economic cost to patients as well as how it may add to the growing understanding of the etiology of PMDD. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Young, SA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Hlth Sci Ctr Jacksonville, 653 W 8th St, Jacksonville, FL 32209 USA. NR 35 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 2 PU PHYSICIANS POSTGRADUATE PRESS PI MEMPHIS PA P O BOX 240008, MEMPHIS, TN 38124 USA SN 0160-6689 J9 J CLIN PSYCHIAT JI J. Clin. Psychiatry PD FEB PY 1998 VL 59 IS 2 BP 76 EP 80 DI 10.4088/JCP.v59n0206 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA YZ759 UT WOS:000072288800006 PM 9501889 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Abbitt, B Topper, MJ Edwards, JF AF Dubey, JP Abbitt, B Topper, MJ Edwards, JF TI Hydrocephalus associated with Neospora caninum infection in an aborted bovine fetus SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TISSUE-SECTIONS; CALIFORNIA; CATTLE AB This paper describes Neospora caninum-associated hydrocephalus in an aborted Hereford bovine fetus of 7 months' gestational ape. Numerous tachyzoites were observed in areas of the cerebrum with lesions of non-suppurative necrotizing encephalitis. C1 USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Texas Vet Med Diagnost Lab, College Stn, TX 77841 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, BARC E, Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 118 IS 2 BP 169 EP 173 DI 10.1016/S0021-9975(98)80010-8 PG 5 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA ZF960 UT WOS:000072950500009 PM 9573514 ER PT J AU Rojo, JC Marin, C Derby, JJ Dieguez, E AF Rojo, JC Marin, C Derby, JJ Dieguez, E TI Heat transfer and the external morphology of Czochralski-grown sillenite compounds SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE heat transfer; Czochralski growth; simulation; morphology ID INTERFACE INVERSION; OXIDE CRYSTALS; MELT GROWTH; BI12GEO20; BI12SIO20 AB Experimental results demonstrate changes in the external morphology of sillenite compounds grown by the Czochralski method. To explain these observations, a numerical model of heat transfer which accounts for radiative cooling and melt convection is applied to this system. Delicate shifts in the balance of heat transfer mechanisms during crystal growth and their resulting effects on the temperature distribution at the melt free surface correlate well the changes in external crystal morphology and provide a mechanistic explanation for the experimental results. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Mat, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Rojo, JC (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Mat, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RI Derby, Jeffrey/B-9706-2009 OI Derby, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6418-2155; NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD FEB PY 1998 VL 183 IS 4 BP 604 EP 613 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(97)00496-X PG 10 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA YV678 UT WOS:000071851800012 ER PT J AU Nardin, A Sutherland, WM Hevey, M Schmaljohn, A Taylor, RP AF Nardin, A Sutherland, WM Hevey, M Schmaljohn, A Taylor, RP TI Quantitative studies of heteropolymer-mediated binding of inactivated Marburg virus to the complement receptor on primate erythrocytes SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Marburg virus; erythrocyte complement receptor; heteropolymers ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY HETEROPOLYMERS; IMMUNE-COMPLEXES; BISPECIFIC ANTIBODIES; CIRCULATION; CLEARANCE; CELLS; AUTOANTIBODIES; PATHOGENESIS; ANTIGENS; DISEASE AB Previous in vitro and in vivo experiments in our laboratory have demonstrated that cross-linked bispecific monoclonal antibody (mAb) complexes (Heteropolymers, HP) facilitate binding of prototype pathogens to primate erythrocytes (E) via the E complement receptor, CR1. These E-bound immune complexes are safely and rapidly cleared from the bloodstream. In order to generate a robust bispecific system for HP-mediated clearance of real pathogens such as Filoviruses, we have developed the necessary methodologies and reagents using both inactivated Marburg virus (iMV) and a recombinant form of its surface envelope glycoprotein (rGP). We identified mAbs which bind rGP in solution phase immunoprecipitation experiments. HP were prepared by chemically cross-linking an anti-CR1 mAb with several of these anti-Marburg virus mAbs and used to facilitate binding of IMV and rGP to monkey and human E. These HP mediate specific and quantitative binding (greater than or equal to 90%) of both antigens to monkey and human E. Binding was also demonstrable in an indirect RIA. E with bound Marburg virus were probed with I-125 labeled mAbs to the Marburg surface glycoprotein and more than 100 mAbs are bound per E. It should be possible to adapt this general approach to other pathogens, and experiments underway should lead to an in vivo test of HP-mediated clearance of Marburg virus. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Taylor, RP (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM rpt@virginia.edu NR 37 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD FEB 1 PY 1998 VL 211 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1016/S0022-1759(97)00168-3 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA ZM877 UT WOS:000073585300003 PM 9617828 ER PT J AU Maiztegui, JI McKee, KT Oro, JGB Harrison, LH Gibbs, PH Feuillade, MR Enria, DA Briggiler, AM Levis, SC Ambrosio, AM Halsey, NA Peters, CJ AF Maiztegui, JI McKee, KT Oro, JGB Harrison, LH Gibbs, PH Feuillade, MR Enria, DA Briggiler, AM Levis, SC Ambrosio, AM Halsey, NA Peters, CJ CA AHF Study Grp TI Protective efficacy of a live attenuated vaccine against Argentine hemorrhagic fever SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID JUNIN VIRUS ACTIVITY; RHESUS MACAQUES; IMMUNE PLASMA; ANTIBODIES; IMMUNOGENICITY; CELLS AB Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF), caused by the arenavirus Junin, is a major public health problem among agricultural workers in Argentina, A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, efficacy trial of Candid 1, a live attenuated Junin virus vaccine, was conducted over two consecutive epidemic seasons among 6500 male agricultural workers in the AHF-endemic region. Twenty-three men developed laboratory-confirmed AHF during the study; 22 received placebo and 1 received vaccine (vaccine efficacy 95%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 82%-99%). Three additional subjects in each group developed laboratory-confirmed Junin virus infection associated with mild illnesses that did not fulfill the clinical case definition for AHF, yielding a protective efficacy for prevention of any illness associated with Junin virus infection of 84% (95% CI, 60%-94%). No serious adverse events were attributed to vaccination, Candid 1, the first vaccine for the prevention of illness caused by an arenavirus, is safe and highly efficacious. C1 Inst Nacl Estudios Sobre Virosis Hemorrag, Inst Nacl Enfermedades Virales Humanas Julio I Ma, Pergamino, Argentina. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Salk Inst Govt Serv Div, Swiftwater, PA USA. RP McKee, KT (reprint author), Womack Army Med Ctr, Prevent Med Serv, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. NR 29 TC 129 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 177 IS 2 BP 277 EP 283 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YV221 UT WOS:000071801500002 PM 9466512 ER PT J AU DeWeese, RT Palazzolo, AB Chinta, M Kascak, A AF DeWeese, RT Palazzolo, AB Chinta, M Kascak, A TI Magnetic thrust bearing concepts: Tests and analyses SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article AB The rotor/stater configurations considered are washer-shaped laminate stack (WL), tape-wound laminate stack (TL), U-shaped laminate stack (UL), solid metal (S), and solid wedge pieces. Since preloading reduces rotor vibration, the effects of preloading a WL rotor and TL stator system on the flux density/input current transfer function magnitude and phase are determined from tests. Since eddy currents result in power loss and phase lag, tests are performed on four rotor/stater pairs, i.e., WL/TL, TL/TL, TL/UL, and SIS, to find the one with minimal eddy currents. For SIS; the test results are compared with those obtained from a two-dimensional finite element analysis, for Silicon-Iron and Hiperco-27. Since overhanging the rotor beyond the stator is a common practice, the effect of this on the fringing of magnetic flux is studied using finite element analysis. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Mech Engn Technol Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Engn Mech, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, USA, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Chinta, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Mech Engn Technol Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 9 IS 2 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 151CW UT WOS:000077704000001 ER PT J AU Doe, EA Campagna, JA AF Doe, EA Campagna, JA TI Pilocarpine spray: An alternative delivery method SO JOURNAL OF OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article AB To determine if pilocarpine 4% produces miosis when delivered via a spray, eleven eyes of ten patients undergoing a laser peripheral iridotomy for occludable angles were pretreated with one application of pilocarpine spray to closed eyelids. Standardized pupil photographs for pupil diameter measurements were taken before and thirty minutes after the spray. Contralateral eyes served as controls (9 eyes) All treated eyes achieved miosis. The mean pupil diameter in the treated group was 4.1 +/- 0.9 mm before the spray and 1.5 +/- 0.3 mm after the spray (p < 0.0001). The average change in pupil diameter in the treated group was 2.6 +/- 0.9 mm compared to 0.0 +/- 0.2 mm in the control eyes (p < 0.0001). Pilocarpine spray is an effective delivery modality for intraocular miosis. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, MCHE SDO, Ophthalmol Surg Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Doe, EA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, MCHE SDO, Ophthalmol Surg Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1080-7683 J9 J OCUL PHARMACOL TH JI J. Ocular Pharmacol. Ther. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 14 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1089/jop.1998.14.1 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Ophthalmology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YW207 UT WOS:000071909200001 PM 9493778 ER PT J AU Borghese, F Denti, P Saija, R Iati, MA Sindoni, OI AF Borghese, F Denti, P Saija, R Iati, MA Sindoni, OI TI Optical resonances of spheres containing an eccentric spherical inclusion SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS-NOUVELLE REVUE D OPTIQUE LA English DT Article DE resonances; coated spheres ID MORPHOLOGY-DEPENDENT RESONANCES; SCATTERING; ALGORITHM; CYLINDERS AB The resonance spectrum of small spheres of Mg with a spherical coating of MgO is calculated within the framework of the transition matrix approach. The spectrum for a concentric coating displays a single resonance peak, whereas when the coating is eccentric the spectrum becomes more complicated as the number of resonances increases. In the latter case, the spectrum undergoes evident qualitative changes according to the choice of polarization. Comparison of the spectra for dispersion of particles all having the same orientation with that for randomly oriented particles suggests a possible procedure to evaluate the fraction of particles that have a preferential orientation. C1 Univ Messina, Dipartimento Fis Materia & Tecnol Fis Avanzate, I-98166 Messina, Italy. USA, Ctr Chem Res Dev & Engn, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Sez Messina, I-98166 Messina, Italy. RP Borghese, F (reprint author), Univ Messina, Dipartimento Fis Materia & Tecnol Fis Avanzate, Salita Sperone 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0150-536X J9 J OPT JI J. Opt.-Nouv. Rev. Opt. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 29 IS 1 BP 28 EP 34 DI 10.1088/0150-536X/29/1/005 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA ZE294 UT WOS:000072777700005 ER PT J AU Hokett, SD Hoen, MM AF Hokett, SD Hoen, MM TI Inflammatory cervical root resorption following segmental orthognathic surgery. A case report SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE root resorption, osteotomy/adverse effects; postoperative complications; inflammation AB AN UNUSUAL CASE OF BILATERAL INFLAMMATORY external/internal root resorption developed in the maxillae of a 28 year-old female approximately 4 years following routine segmental orthognathic surgery. The patient experienced dental pain in a tooth adjacent to a segmental osteotomy cut 8 months postsurgery, however, the tooth later became asymptomatic. A definitive diagnosis of inflammatory cervical root resorption was not established until nearly 4 years later on routine dental examination. The external/internal resorptive lesions were located 4 to 6 mm apical to the connective tissue attachment on 3 of the 4 tooth roots adjacent to osteotomy cuts. Two of the affected teeth required non-surgical root canal therapy due to pulpal communication with the resorptive defects. The lesions were accessed by flap surgery, thoroughly debrided, and obturated with an intermediate restorative material until definitive restorative therapy could be completed. All sites healed uneventfully and the patient has been closely observed for approximately 2 years without symptoms or recurrence of the resorptive lesions. Dental health care providers should be alert to the possible occurrence of inflammatory root resorption in sites adjacent to osteotomy cuts over extended periods of time. Routine radiographic examination may be beneficial in the postoperative management of the segmental orthognathic surgery patient. C1 USA, Dent Activ, Tingay Dent Clin, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Hokett, SD (reprint author), USA, Dent Activ, Tingay Dent Clin, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 69 IS 2 BP 219 EP 226 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA ZA993 UT WOS:000072423700015 PM 9526922 ER PT J AU Li, QG Peggins, JO Fleckenstein, LL Masonic, K Heiffer, MH Brewer, TG AF Li, QG Peggins, JO Fleckenstein, LL Masonic, K Heiffer, MH Brewer, TG TI The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of dihydroartemisinin, arteether, artemether, artesunic acid and artelinic acid in rats SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; REDUCTIVE ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; ANTIMALARIAL DRUG; ARTEMISININ; DERIVATIVES; QINGHAOSU; INVITRO; MALARIA; PLASMA AB The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of dihydroartemisinin (DQHS), artemether (AM), arteether (AE), artesunic acid (AS) and artelinic acid (AL) have been investigated in rats after single intravenous, intramuscular and intragastric doses of 10 mg kg(-1) Plasma was separated from blood samples collected at different times after dosing and analysed for parent drug. Plasma samples from rats dosed with AM, AE, AS and At were also analysed for DQHS which is known to be an active metabolite of these compounds. Plasma levels of all parent compounds decreased biexponentially and were a reasonable fit to a two-compartment open model. The resulting pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were substantially different not only between drugs but also between routes of administration for the same drug. After intravenous injection the highest plasma level was obtained with AL, followed by DQHS, AM, AE and AS. This resulted in the lowest steady-state volume of distribution (0.39 L) for AL, increasing thereafter for DQHS (0.50 L), AM (0.67 L), AE (0.72 L) and AS (0.87 L). Clearance of AL (21-41 mL min(-1) kg(-1)) was slower than that of the other drugs for all three routes of administration (DQHS, 55-64 mL min(-1) kg(-1); AM, 91-92 mL min(-1) kg(-1); AS, 191-240 mL min kg(-1); AE, 200-323 mL min(-1) kg(-1)). In addition the terminal half-life after intravenous dosing was longest for AL (1.35 h), followed by DQHS (0.95 h), AM (0.53 h), AE (0.45 h) and AS (0.35 h). Bioavailability after intramuscular injection was highest for AS (105%), followed by AL (95%) and DQHS (85%). The low bioavailability of AM (54%) and AE (34%) is probably the result of slow, prolonged absorption of the sesame-oil formulation from the injection site. After oral administration, low bioavailability (19-35%) was observed for all five drugs. In-vivo AM, AE, AS and AL were converted to DQHS to different extents; the ranking order of percentage of total dose converted to DQHS was AS (25.3-72.7), then AE (3.4-15.9), AM (3.7-12.4) and AL (1.0-4.3). The same ranking order was obtained for all formulations and routes of administration. The drug with the highest percentage conversion to DQHS was artesunic acid. Because DQHS has significant antimalarial activity, relatively low DQHS production could still contribute significantly to the antimalarial efficacy of these drugs. This is the first time the pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and conversion to DQHS of these drugs have been directly compared after different routes of administration. The results show that of all the artemisinin drugs studied the plasma level was highest for artelinic acid; this reflects its lowest extent of conversion to DQHS and its slowest rate of elimination. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Pharmacol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Li, QG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Pharmacol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Fleckenstein, Lawrence/0000-0001-5320-4531 NR 34 TC 107 Z9 110 U1 4 U2 20 PU ROYAL PHARMACEUTICAL SOC GREAT BRITAIN PI LONDON PA 1 LAMBETH HIGH ST, LONDON SE1 7JN, ENGLAND SN 0022-3573 J9 J PHARM PHARMACOL JI J. Pharm. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 50 IS 2 BP 173 EP 182 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA ZA990 UT WOS:000072423400008 PM 9530985 ER PT J AU Jarvis, LP Atwater, TB Plichta, EJ Cygan, PJ AF Jarvis, LP Atwater, TB Plichta, EJ Cygan, PJ TI Power assisted fuel cell SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE hybrid fuel cell; lead-acid battery; power AB A hybrid fuel cell demonstrated pulse power capability at pulse power load simulations synonymous with electronics and communications equipment. The hybrid consisted of a 25.0 W Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) stack in parallel with a two-cell lead-acid battery. Performance of the hybrid PEMFC was superior to either the battery or fuel cell stack alone at the 18.0 W load. The hybrid delivered a flat discharge voltage profile of about 4.0 V over a 5 h radio continuous transmit mode of 18.0 W. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USA, CECOM, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Jarvis, LP (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD FEB PY 1998 VL 70 IS 2 BP 253 EP 257 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(97)02682-7 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA ZC815 UT WOS:000072620900011 ER PT J AU O'Malley, PG Wong, PWK Kroenke, K Roy, MJ Wong, RKH AF O'Malley, PG Wong, PWK Kroenke, K Roy, MJ Wong, RKH TI The value of screening for psychiatric disorders prior to upper endoscopy SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE psychiatric disease; gastrointestinal symptoms; gastrointestinal endoscopy ID SYMPTOMS; CARE; PAIN; SOMATIZATION; CONSULTATION; DYSPEPSIA; DIAGNOSIS; THERAPY; ILLNESS; TRIAL AB Gastrointestinal (GI) complaints are among the most common symptoms in primary care yet are frequently unexplained and often lead to costly diagnostic testing. We sought to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with unexplained GI complaints undergoing upper endoscopy, and the likelihood of endoscopic abnormalities in patients with and without psychiatric diagnoses. We prospectively evaluated 116 adult patients who were undergoing upper endoscopy to evaluate GI complaints. All subjects received a structured psychiatric interview prior to endoscopy using PRIME-MD, and endoscopists were blinded to the PRIME-MD results. Psychiatric disorders were detected in 70 (60%) patients. Overall, there were 113 diagnoses (some patients had multiple disorders) with the most common being somatoform (44%), depressive (29%), and anxiety (19%) disorders. Only 29 patients had major endoscopic abnormalities, including esophageal disease (14), peptic ulcer (9), severe gastritis (4), gastric cancer (1), and esophageal cancer (1). There was a much higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients without major endoscopic abnormalities (74% vs, 21%, p<0.0001). Psychiatric disease was strongly predictive of endoscopic findings (OR for major abnormality=0.11 in women, and 0.40 in men), especially if somatoform disorder was present (OR=0.15), We conclude that, with a simple questionnaire, psychiatric disorders can be diagnosed in a large proportion of patients with unexplained GI complaints who are referred for upper endoscopy. The presence of a psychiatric disorder, particularly if somatoform, makes it unlikely that endoscopy will reveal significant GI disease. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med EDP, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP O'Malley, PG (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med EDP, Room A3060, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM pgomalley@msn.com NR 36 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3999 J9 J PSYCHOSOM RES JI J. Psychosomat. Res. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 44 IS 2 BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.1016/S0022-3999(97)00250-X PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA YU353 UT WOS:000071708600011 PM 9532557 ER PT J AU Alloway, JA Older, SA Battafarano, DF Carpenter, MT AF Alloway, JA Older, SA Battafarano, DF Carpenter, MT TI Persian Gulf War myalgia syndrome SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CREATINE-KINASE LEVELS C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Keesler AFB Med Ctr, Biloxi, MS USA. RP Alloway, JA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 25 IS 2 BP 388 EP 389 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA YU558 UT WOS:000071729900039 PM 9489841 ER PT J AU Vanderburgh, PM Daniels, G Crowder, TA Lachowetz, T Elliott, R AF Vanderburgh, PM Daniels, G Crowder, TA Lachowetz, T Elliott, R TI The 10-min cycle ergometer test: A body-mass adjusted test of maximal aerobic power SO JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE allometry; ergometry; scaling ID COLLEGE-AGE MEN; WOMEN; SIZE; FAT AB Military service academies have used an all-out low torque cycle ergometer test to assess aerobic fitness for injured subjects on a friction-braked ergometer (FBE). While accurate, the FBE-based test calls for a very fast pedal rate for fit subjects with large body mass and a very slow pedal rate for smaller or less fit subjects. This study examined the validity of a 10-min cycle ergometer test (10-MCET) on (V) over dotO(2) peak prediction using an air-braked ergometer (ABE) and applied allometric scaling to create an index of aerobic fitness, TW10 . KG(-a) that adjusts for differences in body mass. Results revealed that in a sample of 46 college-age men and women, the 10-MCET was highly predictive of (V) over dotO(2) peak and that for another sample of 149 college-age women and men, TW10 . KG(-0.66) was the appropriate body-mass scaled index of aerobic fitness. Furthermore, the ABE's 65- to 96-rpm pedal rate range was more within comfortable limits than that reported in similar testing on the FBE (57-126 rpm). C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Hlth & Sport Sci, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Springfield Coll, Dept Phys Educ Hlth Fitness, Springfield, MA 01109 USA. RP Vanderburgh, PM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Hlth & Sport Sci, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1064-8011 J9 J STRENGTH COND RES JI J. Strength Cond. Res. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 12 IS 1 BP 12 EP 17 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA YW002 UT WOS:000071885800003 ER PT J AU Tidrow, SC Pierce, DM Tauber, A Wilber, WD Finnegan, RD Eckart, DW AF Tidrow, SC Pierce, DM Tauber, A Wilber, WD Finnegan, RD Eckart, DW TI Oxygen processing of Hg and Tl based cuprate superconductors SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Thallium and Mercury Based Superconducting Materials CY MAY 25-29, 1997 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND DE oxygen processing; oxygen diffusion; high critical temperature superconductors ID YBA2CU3OY SINGLE-CRYSTAL; TRACER DIFFUSION; THIN-FILMS; ANISOTROPY; SIMS AB The effect that oxygen stoichiometry has on the physical properties of high critical temperature superconductors is well documented. For a general understanding of the conditions necessary for processing high critical temperature superconducting materials, phase equilibrium diagrams have been quite useful; however, such diagrams provide no information concerning the time required to oxygenate superconducting structures. In this paper, we present experimental results that clearly demonstrate the relationships among phase equilibrium diagrams, oxygen diffusion coefficients and grain sizes with the time required to "adequately" oxygenate high critical temperature superconducting materials and device structures. While oxygen processing of the high critical temperature superconductor, YBa2Cu3O7-delta, is, is emphasized throughout this paper, the concepts and relationships discussed herein, in general, can be applied to the oxygen processing of other high critical temperature superconductors including the Hg and Tl based systems. C1 USA, Res Lab, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. Geocenters Inc, Eatontown, NJ 07724 USA. RP Tidrow, SC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RI Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 11 IS 1 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1023/A:1022661308221 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA ZA837 UT WOS:000072407000010 ER PT J AU Wu, S Lo, W Tidrow, SC Liang, WY AF Wu, S Lo, W Tidrow, SC Liang, WY TI Phase formation in Tl,Bi-1223 superconductors by LaAlO3 or LSAT micro-particle addition SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Thallium and Mercury Based Superconducting Materials CY MAY 25-29, 1997 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND DE Tl based superconductors; synthesis; phase formation ID SPRAY-PYROLYZED FILMS; CURRENT DENSITY; THICKNESS; TAPES AB Polycrystalline (Tl,Bi)(Sr,Ba)(2)Ca2Cu3Ox (Tl,Bi-1223) samples were synthesized by mixing the precursor with 5wt% micrometer-size LaAlO3 or LSAT particles. These particles appeared to provide suitable surface for epitaxial growth of Tl,Bi-1223 phase. The growth zone is typically 5 - 10 mu m thick and several zones can coalesce to form a larger zone. Consequently, there is a dramatic increase in the magnetization signals, indicating the increased superconducting volume fraction. The enhancement is uniform in the external magnetic field. The T-c of the samples was not affected by the additives and the transition remained sharp. The results suggest that a controlled growth of Tl-1223 grain with improved texture can be achieved by adding the growth centers. C1 Univ Cambridge, Interdisciplinary Res Ctr Superconduct, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. USA, Res Lab, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. RP Wu, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Interdisciplinary Res Ctr Superconduct, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. RI Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 11 IS 1 BP 155 EP 158 DI 10.1023/A:1022651828210 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA ZA837 UT WOS:000072407000054 ER PT J AU Berger, EH Franks, JR Behar, A Casali, JG Dixon-Ernst, C Kieper, RW Merry, CJ Mozo, BT Nixon, CW Ohlin, D Royster, JD Royster, LH AF Berger, EH Franks, JR Behar, A Casali, JG Dixon-Ernst, C Kieper, RW Merry, CJ Mozo, BT Nixon, CW Ohlin, D Royster, JD Royster, LH TI Development of a new standard laboratory protocol for estimating the field attenuation of hearing protection devices. Part III. The validity of using subject-fit data SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WORKPLACE; NOISE; EARPLUGS; WORN AB The mandate of ASA Working Group S12/WG11 has been to develop "laboratory and/or field procedure(s) that yield useful estimates of field performance" of hearing protection devices (HPDs). A real-ear attenuation at threshold procedure was selected, devised, tested via an, interlaboratory study, and incorporated into a draft standard that was approved in 1997 [J. D. Royster et al., "Development of a new standard laboratory protocol for estimating the field attenuation of hearing protection devices. Part I. Research of Working Group 11, Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99, 1506-1526 (1996); ANSI S12.6-1997, "American National Standard Methods for Measuring Real-Ear Attenuation of Hearing Protectors" (American National Standards Institute, New York, 1997)]. The real-world estimation procedure utilizes a subject-fit methodology with Listeners who are audiometrically proficient, but inexperienced in the use of HPDs. A key factor in the decision to utilize the subject-fit method was an evaluation of the representativeness of the laboratory data vis-a-vis attenuation values achieved by workers in practice, Twenty-two field studies were reviewed to develop a data base for comparison purposes, Results indicated that laboratory subject-fit attenuation values were typically equivalent to or greater than the field attenuation values, and yielded a better estimate of those values than did experimenter-fit or experimenter-supervised fit types of results. Recent data which are discussed in the paper, but which were not available at the time of the original analyses, confirm the findings. (C) 1998 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(98)03001-X]. C1 EAR Aearo Co, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Behar Noise Control, Scarborough, ON M1M 2X8, Canada. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. ALCOA, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36330 USA. Syst Res Labs Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Environm Noise Consultants Inc, Raleigh, NC 27622 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP EAR Aearo Co, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. RI Behar, Alberto/B-3967-2008 NR 36 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 103 IS 2 BP 665 EP 672 DI 10.1121/1.423236 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA YX461 UT WOS:000072042300003 PM 9479749 ER PT J AU Grammer-West, NY Corvette, DM Giandoni, MB Fitzpatrick, JE AF Grammer-West, NY Corvette, DM Giandoni, MB Fitzpatrick, JE TI Clinical Pearl: Nail plate biopsy for the diagnosis of psoriatic nails SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Denver, CO 80220 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Evans Army Hosp, Dermatol Serv, Ft Carson, CO USA. RP Grammer-West, NY (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Box E153,4200 E 9th Ave, Denver, CO 80220 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 260 EP 262 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(98)70601-2 PN 1 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA YX475 UT WOS:000072043700015 PM 9486684 ER PT J AU Hall, J Johnston, KA McPhillips, JP Barnes, SD Elston, DM AF Hall, J Johnston, KA McPhillips, JP Barnes, SD Elston, DM TI Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome in a black child SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ODONTOGENIC KERATOCYST AB Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is rare in black persons, We describe an 11-year-old black boy with NBCCS who presented with exotropia and a painful, expanding, cystic mass in the left posterior alveolar ridge, Further examination revealed odontogenic keratocysts with palmar and plantar pitting. Less than 5% of reported patients with NBCCS are black. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a black patient with NBCCS presenting with exotropia and an impacted molar displaced into the orbit by an odontogenic keratocyst. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Oral Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), USA, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 SU S BP 363 EP 365 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(98)70585-7 PN 2 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA YY629 UT WOS:000072167500019 PM 9486718 ER PT J AU Preuss, HG Zein, M MacArthy, P Dipette, D Sabnis, S Knapka, J AF Preuss, HG Zein, M MacArthy, P Dipette, D Sabnis, S Knapka, J TI Sugar-induced blood pressure elevations over the lifespan of three substrains of Wistar rats SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE hypertension, sugar-induced; insulin perturbations; hypertension ID SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS; SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS-SYSTEM; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; SUCROSE INGESTION; DIETARY SUCROSE; GLUCOSE; CARBOHYDRATE; SODIUM; METABOLISM; RESPONSES AB Objective: Since the majority of studies concerned with sugar-induced blood pressure elevation have principally been short-term, the present investigation followed the effects of heavy sucrose ingestion on systolic blood pressure (SEP) and related parameters over the lifespan of three substrains of Wistar rats. Methods: Two hundred twenty-five rats(75 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), 75 Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY), 75 Munich Wistar rats (WAM)) were given one of five diets. The baseline diet in terms of calories derived 32% from sucrose. 33% from protein, and 35% from fat. The remaining four diets derived their calories as follows: a high sugar-lbw protein diet-52% of calories from sucrose, 15% from protein, and 33% from fat; a high sugar-low fat diet-53% of calories from sucrase, 37% from protein, and 10% from fat; a low sugar-high protein diet-11% calories from sucrose, 56% from protein, and 33% from fat, and a low sugar-high fat-13% of calories from sucrose, 32% from protein, and 55% from fat. Results: All substrains showed the highest systolic blood pressure when ingesting the two diets highest in sucrose, The highest sugar-induced SEP elevation, which remained over the lifespan of all substrains, was found in SHR. WKY had an intermediate elevation. WAM showed the lowest responses, although the average elevation of 6-8; mm Hg was statistically significant. The following parameters could nor be correlated with long-term elevation of SEP: body weight, catecholamine excretion, renal function, and plasma renin activity. Only insulin concentrations correlated: insulin concentrations were consistently higher To the two groups of WKY and WAM consuming the high sucrose diets, Conclusions: High dietary sucrose can chronically increase SEP in three substrains of Wistar rats. Increased concentrations of circulating insulin were found in WKY and WAM suggesting that the glucose/insulin system was involved. at least in these two substrains, in the maintenance of high SEP levels during chronic, heavy sugar ingestion. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Nephropathol Sect, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Preuss, HG (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, Bldg D,Rm 371,4000 Reservoir Rd,NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG06929] NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 17 IS 1 BP 36 EP 47 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YV639 UT WOS:000071847900008 PM 9477388 ER PT J AU Chylek, P Videen, G Ngo, D AF Chylek, P Videen, G Ngo, D TI Effect of air bubbles on absorption of solar radiation by water droplets SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SCATTERING; CLOUDS; INCLUSION; SPHERES AB It was suggested that absorption by a weakly absorbing droplet may be increased substantially by the presence of air bubbles within a droplet. The authors use an exact solution of the scattering of electromagnetic waves by a spherical particle containing an arbitrarily located spherical inclusion to investigate absorption of solar radiation by water droplets containing air bubbles. The presence of air bubbles within water droplets was found to have no significant effect on the absorption of solar radiation. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys, Atmospher Sci Program, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. USA, Edgewood Res & Dev Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Rang, NM USA. RP Chylek, P (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys, Atmospher Sci Program, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 1998 VL 55 IS 3 BP 340 EP 343 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<0340:EOABOA>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YX384 UT WOS:000072017800004 ER PT J AU Keeble, DJ Tooke, AO Young, CF Poindexter, EH Li, Z AF Keeble, DJ Tooke, AO Young, CF Poindexter, EH Li, Z TI Electron paramagnetic resonance of Mn4+ in PbTiO3: Low temperature behavior SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Meeting on Ferroelectricity (IMF-9) CY AUG 25-29, 1997 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CERAMICS AB The transition metal ion Mn4+ in PbTiO3 single crystals has been studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) over the temperature range 3.5 to 300 K. The spectrum results from a moderately large tetragonal crystal field and consists of two observable sextets. Below approximately 250 K superhyperfine structure is resolved on the low field sextet due to the lead ion sublattice. The fine structure splitting is found to be weakly temperature dependent below 300 K exhibiting a broad peak in the region of 200 K. C1 Univ Dundee, Carnegie Lab Phys, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Keeble, DJ (reprint author), Univ Dundee, Carnegie Lab Phys, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. RI Keeble, David /C-6633-2012 OI Keeble, David /0000-0002-5378-799X NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 32 SU S BP S675 EP S678 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YZ021 UT WOS:000072212200083 ER PT J AU Stowell, S Sengupta, S Sengupta, LC Synowcyznski, J Chiu, LH Joshi, PC Desu, SB AF Stowell, S Sengupta, S Sengupta, LC Synowcyznski, J Chiu, LH Joshi, PC Desu, SB TI Effects of dopants on the electronic properties of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 thin films fabricated by MOSD technique SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Meeting on Ferroelectricity (IMF-9) CY AUG 25-29, 1997 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA ID BARIUM STRONTIUM-TITANATE; OXIDE; COMPOSITES AB Ba1-xSrxTiO3 thin films are being developed for high density dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and low loss microwave devices. Properties of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 are typically varied by changing the Ba/Sr ratio and/or doping. In this paper, we report on the effects of acceptor and donor doping on the microstructural and electrical properties of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 thin films deposited by metalorganic solution deposition technique on platinum coated silicon substrates. Specifically, the electrical properties of both bulk and MOSD thin films of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 doped with Mg [1], Al [2], La, and Ta have been investigated in detail. The electrical properties examined include the dielectric constants, loss tangents, leakage current, and tunability (% change in dielectric constant with an applied field). Also FT-Raman and FTIR spectroscopy has been performed on all specimens. Overall, it has been shown that it is possible to significantly improve the leakage current characteristics and control the tunability by doping the Ba1-xSrxTiO3 thin films. C1 Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Army Res Lab, APG, MD 21005 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Stowell, S (reprint author), Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Army Res Lab, APG, MD 21005 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 32 SU S BP S1587 EP S1590 PN 4 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YZ023 UT WOS:000072212400081 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, RR Endrusick, TL Levell, CA AF Gonzalez, RR Endrusick, TL Levell, CA TI Biophysical properties and skin wettedness of garments with variable moisture vapor transmission rates (MVTR) SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE automatic dew point hygrometry; skin wettedness; thermal resistance; gender comparison; mean body temperature; semipermeable garments AB Garments with variable moisture vapor transmission rates (MVTR) at 5, 360, 670 and 864 MVTR (g m(-2) 24 h(-1)) were studied. Thermal resistances and evaporative resistances were tested using a copper manikin. Subsequently, eight men and six women were exposed for 4 h, while resting in two environments: (T(0)) = 29.4 degrees C, 52% r.h., (2.12 kPa)/V = 1.1 m s(-1) and 18.3 degrees C, 50% r.h., (1.05 kPa)/V = 1.1 m s(-1). Rectal (T(rc)) and eight site skin temperatures, heart rate and skin wettedness (w) were recorded; w was elevated > 0.8 with MVTRs of 5 g m(-2) 24 h(-1); women had lowered w (P < 0.05) and men had significant body cooling in the cooler environment (P < 0.05). Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Biophys & Biomed Modelling Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Gonzalez, RR (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Biophys & Biomed Modelling Div, 5 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 23 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1016/S0306-4565(97)00044-2 PG 8 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 116PA UT WOS:000075732700006 ER PT J AU Wilkens, TH Burke, BJ Cancelada, DA Jatoi, I AF Wilkens, TH Burke, BJ Cancelada, DA Jatoi, I TI Evaluation of palpable breast masses with color Doppler sonography and gray scale imaging SO JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Doppler ultrasonography; breast, neoplasms; breast, ultrasonography ID TUMOR ANGIOGENESIS; LESIONS; DIAGNOSIS; ULTRASOUND; SIGNALS; BENIGN; FEATURES; DISEASES AB Excisional biopsy is the standard method of distinguishing benign from malignant masses of the breast. However, alternative, less invasive methods of diagnosis are needed to reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies, allay anxiety of the patient, and control costs. In this study, we evaluated breast masses in a series of patients using color Doppler sonography and gray scale ultrasonographic features. In all cases, the pathologic diagnosis of the breast mass was subsequently established by excisional biopsy. The accuracy of gray scale sonography exceeded that of color Doppler sonography at a significance level of P < 0.005. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Gen Surg Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Jatoi, I (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Gen Surg Serv, 3581 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST ULTRASOUND MEDICINE PI LAUREL PA SUBSCRIPTION DEPT, 14750 SWEITZER LANE, STE 100, LAUREL, MD 20707-5906 USA SN 0278-4297 J9 J ULTRAS MED JI J. Ultrasound Med. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 17 IS 2 BP 109 EP 115 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YU773 UT WOS:000071752700006 PM 9527570 ER PT J AU Campbell, JE Franklin, SB Gibson, DJ Newman, JA AF Campbell, JE Franklin, SB Gibson, DJ Newman, JA TI Permutation of two-term local quadrat variance analysis: General concepts for interpretation of peaks SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE permutation analysis; spatial pattern; variance peak ID SPATIAL PATTERN; VEGETATION; STATISTICS; GRASSLAND AB Many ecological studies use Two-Term Local Quadrat Variance Analysis (TTLQV) and its derivatives for spatial pattern analysis. Currently, rules for determining variance peak significance are arbitrary. Variance peaks found at block size 1 and at > 50 % of the transect length are the only peaks whose use is explicitly prohibited. Although the use of variance peaks found at block sizes > 10 % of the transect length have also been warned against, many researchers interpret them regardless. We show in this paper that variance peaks derived from TTLQV are subject to additional 'rules of thumb'. Through the use of randomization and permutation analyses on real and simulated data of species abundance in contiguous plots along a single transect, we show that variance peaks found at block sizes 1, 2 and 3 occur frequently by chance and thus likely do not indicate biologically meaningful patterns. The use of multiple replicate transects decreases the probability of Type II error. C1 USACE, Waterways Expt Stn, DynTel Corp, CEWESERW,CE, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Campbell, JE (reprint author), USACE, Waterways Expt Stn, DynTel Corp, CEWESERW,CE, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RI Newman, Jonathan/A-5932-2008 OI Newman, Jonathan/0000-0003-3155-4084 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI UPPSALA PA BOX 25137, S 752 25 UPPSALA, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 9 IS 1 BP 41 EP 44 DI 10.2307/3237221 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA ZF201 UT WOS:000072873800004 ER PT J AU Burt, FJ Leman, PA Smith, JF Swanepoel, R AF Burt, FJ Leman, PA Smith, JF Swanepoel, R TI The use of a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for the detection of viral nucleic acid in the diagnosis of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; VIRUS AB A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied retrospectively to 80 stored serum samples from 45 confirmed Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) patients in southern Africa, and it was found that viral RNA could be detected in a proportion of samples up to day 16 of illness. Early in the disease there is relatively good correlation between the results obtained by RT-PCR and virus isolation, but after the first week it appears that infective virus is progressively cleared from serum while nucleic acid remains demonstrable in a proportion of patients well into convalescence. A further 47 serum samples from 38 patients with suspected viral haemorrhagic fever, 19 of whom proved to be cases of CCHF, were tested prospectively on being received at the laboratory. The combined use of RT-PCR with ethidium bromide stained gels for the detection of viral RNA, plus indirect immunofluorescence for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies to CCHF virus, permitted a presumptive diagnosis to be reported within 8 h of receiving the first specimen from 18/19 cases of the disease studied prospectively. The nineteenth case was confirmed within 48 h when antibody response was demonstrated in a second serum sample. Viral nucleic acid was not detected in serum samples from 19 patients in whom alternative diagnoses were established. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Virol, ZA-2131 Sandringham, South Africa. Natl Inst Virol, ZA-2131 Sandringham, South Africa. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Burt, FJ (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Virol, Private Bag X4, ZA-2131 Sandringham, South Africa. NR 16 TC 74 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD FEB PY 1998 VL 70 IS 2 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(97)00182-1 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA ZE538 UT WOS:000072803400002 PM 9562407 ER PT J AU Yoo, S Krupashankara, MS Sudarshan, TS AF Yoo, S Krupashankara, MS Sudarshan, TS TI Ultrahigh pressure consolidation (UHPC) of W-Cu composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Ultrahigh pressure consolidation was used to densify tungsten-copper (W-Cu) green compacts. The consolidation was carried out at temperatures ranging from 900 to 1400 degrees C under pressures of 1.25 or 2.0 GPa for 10 min. The density measurements were carried out by Archimedes' method and the microstructure was characterised using SEM. Application of high pressure provides the driving force for the powder compacts to be consolidated to high density. However the micrographs revealed there was an inhomogeneous distribution of Cu, segregation of Cu to the surface, and abnormal grain growth in some areas. These undesirable results are attributed to the immiscibility of Win Cu, presence of pressure gradients, temperature gradients, and powder agglomeration. Comparison of the densities obtained with rite microstructure indicated that Archimedes' method may be unreliable for small specimens, and larger specimens are required for reliable measurement of densities. C1 Mat Modificat Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen, MD USA. RP Yoo, S (reprint author), Mat Modificat Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. RI Dowding, Robert/F-1469-2015 OI Dowding, Robert/0000-0002-4763-2131 NR 8 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU INST MATERIALS PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 J9 MATER SCI TECH SER JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 14 IS 2 BP 170 EP 174 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA ZC266 UT WOS:000072559600011 ER PT J AU Rosen, RD AF Rosen, RD TI Funding "non-traditional" military operations: The alluring myth of a presidential power of the purse SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Review ID DANGEROUS BRANCH; SPENDING POWER; ITEM VETO; CONSTITUTION; SEPARATION; ANTIFEDERALISTS; FEDERALISM; COMMANDER; FREEDOM; CHIEF C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Washington, DC USA. RP Rosen, RD (reprint author), USA, Personnel Plans & Training Off, Off Judge Advocate Gen, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 408 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 155 BP 1 EP 152 PG 152 WC Law SC Government & Law GA YZ123 UT WOS:000072222600001 ER PT J AU Cook, AL AF Cook, AL TI The armed forces as a model employer in child support enforcement: A proposal to improve service of process on military members SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Washington, DC USA. RP Cook, AL (reprint author), Kaiserslautern Law Ctr, Kaiserslautern, Germany. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 155 BP 153 EP 226 PG 74 WC Law SC Government & Law GA YZ123 UT WOS:000072222600002 ER PT J AU Jones, JB AF Jones, JB TI National defense and the environment SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Washington, DC 20310 USA. USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Grad Course 45, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Jones, JB (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 155 BP 227 EP 232 PG 6 WC Law SC Government & Law GA YZ123 UT WOS:000072222600003 ER PT J AU Romans, SF AF Romans, SF TI Iron soldiers: How America's 1st Armored Division crushed Iraq's elite Republican Guard SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Washington, DC 20310 USA. USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Grad Course 45, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Romans, SF (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 155 BP 233 EP 238 PG 6 WC Law SC Government & Law GA YZ123 UT WOS:000072222600004 ER PT J AU Eicher, JS AF Eicher, JS TI The French Foreign Legion: A complete history of the legendary fighting force SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Army Reserve, Washington, DC USA. USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Grad Course 45, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Eicher, JS (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Army Reserve, Washington, DC USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 155 BP 239 EP 244 PG 6 WC Law SC Government & Law GA YZ123 UT WOS:000072222600005 ER PT J AU Klein, ME AF Klein, ME TI In their own words, civil war commanders SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Washington, DC 20310 USA. USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 45, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Klein, ME (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 155 BP 245 EP 251 PG 7 WC Law SC Government & Law GA YZ123 UT WOS:000072222600006 ER PT J AU Friedl, K AF Friedl, K TI Subject: Re: "Simplified percent body fat predictor" SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Med Serv Corps, LTC, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Friedl, K (reprint author), USA, Med Serv Corps, LTC, Washington, DC 20310 USA. EM ltc_karl_friedl@ftdetrck-ccmail.army.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 163 IS 2 BP IV EP V PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YX190 UT WOS:000072015400002 PM 9503890 ER PT J AU Rosen, LN Martin, L AF Rosen, LN Martin, L TI Psychological effects of sexual harassment, appraisal of harassment, and organizational climate among US Army soldiers SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID WOMEN; COHESION; IMPACT; MODELS; STRESS AB This study examines the effects of three types of unwanted sexual experiences in the workplace on the psychological wellbeing of male and female U.S. Army soldiers, and the mediating or moderating roles of appraisal of sexual harassment, organizational climate, and the sociodemographic profile of victims. A survey was administered to 1,060 male soldiers and 305 female soldiers between May and July, 1995, at three Army posts in the United States, Unwanted sexual experiences were found to be significant predictors of psychological symptoms for male and female soldiers. Certain aspects of organizational climate and appraisal of sexual harassment were also significant predictors of psychological symptoms. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mil Psychiat, Div Neuropsychiat,MCMR UWI A, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Rosen, LN (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mil Psychiat, Div Neuropsychiat,MCMR UWI A, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 163 IS 2 BP 63 EP 67 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YX190 UT WOS:000072015400005 PM 9503893 ER PT J AU Kortepeter, M Brown, JD AF Kortepeter, M Brown, JD TI A review of 79 patients with malaria seen at a military hospital in Hawaii from 1979 to 1995 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMPORTED MALARIA; UNITED-STATES; EXPERIENCE; TRAVELERS; MIME AB The goal of our study was to determine the epidemiological and clinical features of imported malaria seen at our military hospital in Hawaii. We reviewed the records of malaria cases seen from January 1, 1979, to December 31, 1995, and compared our results with published reviews from civilian hospitals in North America. Seventy-nine patients mere diagnosed with malaria by blood smears. All acquired malaria abroad, mostly in southeast Asia. Sixty-seven percent of cases were vivax malaria, 22% were falciparum malaria, and 11% were caused by undetermined species. Common symptoms were fever (100%), alternate day fever (41%), rigors (91%), headache (59%), nausea (41%), fatigue (39%), dark urine (32%), and vomiting (31%). Ninety-one percent had fever during hospitalization, but 39% mere afebrile on admission. Splenomegaly was detected in 49% of cases. The white blood cell count was normal in 65%, low in 31%, and elevated in 4% of cases. Other laboratory findings were anemia (58%), thrombocytopenia (74%), and mild hyperbilirubinemia (64%). Military physicians initially considered the diagnosis of malaria in only 54% of patients. The epidemiological features of our patients differ from those described in the civilian hospitals. Most of our patients mere nonimmune, U.S.-born, military personnel infected in southeast Asia, whereas patients described in reviews from U.S. civilian hospitals were usually foreign-born civilians who mere infected in Africa or India. The clinical features of malaria, and the problems of initial misdiagnosis in our patients, were similar to those reported from civilian hospitals. Military physicians, like their civilian colleagues, need more training and experience in malaria. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, MCHK DMI, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Brown, JD (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, MCHK DMI, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 163 IS 2 BP 84 EP 89 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YX190 UT WOS:000072015400010 PM 9503898 ER PT J AU Lattimore, MR AF Lattimore, MR TI Exercise Mountain Shield, Task Force 11, and visual readiness SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Optometry CY DEC 05-09, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Acad Optometry AB This report, in an effort to assist in the development of future operational and planning guidelines, presents data from a no-notice exercise involving an aviation brigade in Germany preparing for possible deployment to Bosnia. One hundred twenty-two soldiers (of 918) requested vision screening during predeployment processing. Twenty-four possessed 20/20 vision or better and simply required duplicate orders of needed eyewear. Ninety-eight required an updated refraction. The three battallion-level units provided equal numbers of soldiers requiring screening and examination. Although the lower enlisted grades presented in the greatest numbers, the distribution in terms of percentage was equivalent across all ranks. Myopes outnumbered hyperopes with a spherical distribution peak at -1..50 diopters, and a majority possessed 1.00 diopter of astigmatism or less. Assuming 40% of all soldiers are spectacle wearers (ametropic), this brigade of 518 soldiers had, then, roughly 210 ametropes, with 60% of them (122) requiring last-minute ordering of required eyewear, 98 of those after refractive examination. Possible solutions to this readiness issue have: been developed but require sufficient command emphasis to be effective. C1 67th Combat Support Hosp, Unit 26610, APO AE 09244, Wurzburg, Germany. RP Lattimore, MR (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 163 IS 2 BP 95 EP 97 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YX190 UT WOS:000072015400012 PM 9503900 ER PT J AU Harvey, SC Watters, MR AF Harvey, SC Watters, MR TI Medical treatment and discharge planning for a patient with a borderline personality: A multidisciplinary challenge SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DISORDER AB This case study discusses a patient with substantial medical problems whose hospital course was further complicated by her borderline personality disorder. Difficulties related to this patient's hospital course included noncompliant, manipulative, and self-injurious behaviors as well as obstacles encountered during discharge planning. Given the impact these maladaptive behaviors can have on the efficacy and cost of treatment, in addition to ward operations and staff morale, this case study highlights the importance of a timely recognition of dysfunctional personality traits. In addition, the establishment of a multidisciplinary treatment team that used a "whole person" approach was beneficial in overcoming many of the obstacles hindering her recovery and also proved useful in dealing with the managed health care system. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Neuropsychol Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Harvey, SC (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Neuropsychol Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 163 IS 2 BP 122 EP 125 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YX190 UT WOS:000072015400020 PM 9503908 ER PT J AU Phillips, PJ AF Phillips, PJ TI The design of matching pursuit filters SO NETWORK-COMPUTATION IN NEURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID STRIATE CORTEX; RECOGNITION AB This paper presents a new technique for creating efficient and compact models from data, called matching pursuit filters. The design of a matching pursuit filter is based on an, adapted wavelet expansion, where the expansion is adapted to-both the data: and the pattern recognition problem being addressed. This contrasts with most adaptation Schemes, where the representation is a function of the data, but not of the problem to be solved. This approach does not decompose the images in the training set individually, but rather determines the expansion by simultaneously decomposing all the images. Because it uses two-dimensional wavelets as the building blocks for the decomposition, the representation is explicitly two-dimensional and is composed of local information. Matching pursuit filters can be trained to detect, recognize, or identify objects and have been applied to recognizing faces and detecting objects in infrared imagery. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE SE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE SE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM jonathon@arl.mil NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0954-898X EI 1361-6536 J9 NETWORK-COMP NEURAL JI Netw.-Comput. Neural Syst. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 9 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1088/0954-898X/9/1/001 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Neurosciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Neurosciences & Neurology GA ZE593 UT WOS:000072810100001 PM 9861976 ER PT J AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE TI Quantum decoherence in qubit devices SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Photonic Quantum Computing CY APR, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Int Soc Opt Engn DE quantum information processing; quantum computers; qubits; quantum decoherence; qubit devices; qubit persistence probability ID COMPUTERS; COMPUTATION; SHIFTS; GATES AB We first review the mathematical physics of quantum decoherence in generic single-qubit devices, including environmental interactions, Next, we formulate the persistence probability for a qubit device as the probability of measuring the qubits in their unperturbed state without the decoherence arising from environmental interactions, A decoherence time can be obtained from the persistence probability. Drawing on recent work of Garg, and also Palma, Suomine, and Ekert, we apply the persistence probability formalism to a generic single-qubit device coupled to a thermal environment, and also apply it to a trapped-ion quantum register coupled to its ion vibrational modes. (C) 1998 Society of Photo-Optical instrumentation Engineers. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA POB 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 37 IS 2 BP 600 EP 609 DI 10.1117/1.601860 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA YX568 UT WOS:000072053600030 ER PT J AU Stoute, J Ballou, WR Krzych, U AF Stoute, J Ballou, WR Krzych, U TI Re-examining the 'cycle concept' in malaria - Reply SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Stoute, J (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD FEB PY 1998 VL 14 IS 2 BP 83 EP 83 DI 10.1016/S0169-4758(97)01192-7 PG 1 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA YW031 UT WOS:000071888700015 PM 17040705 ER PT J AU Burnett, MW Bass, JW Cook, BA AF Burnett, MW Bass, JW Cook, BA TI Etiology of osteomyelitis complicating sickle cell disease SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review ID NIGERIAN CHILDREN C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Bass, JW (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 12 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 1998 VL 101 IS 2 BP 296 EP 297 DI 10.1542/peds.101.2.296 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YU816 UT WOS:000071758100018 PM 9445507 ER PT J AU Chiang, PK AF Chiang, PK TI Biological effects of inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase SO PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Review DE antivirals; 3-deaza-adenosine; genes; methylation; S-adenosylmethionine; S-adenosylhomocysteine ID L-HOMOCYSTEINE HYDROLASE; ADENOSYL-L-HOMOCYSTEINE; ADENOSYLMETHIONINE-DEPENDENT METHYLTRANSFERASES; HUMAN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; VACCINIA VIRUS MULTIPLICATION; SPECTRUM ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; ROUS-SARCOMA VIRUS; MOUSE L929 CELLS; NEPLANOCIN-A; PHOSPHOLIPID METHYLATION AB S-Adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy), formed after the donation of the methyl group of S-adenosylmethionine to a methyl acceptor, is hydrolyzed to adenosine and homocysteine by AdoHcy hydrolase physiologically. The administration of the inhibitors of AdoHcy hydrolase to cells or animals normally results in an accumulation of cellular AdoHcy higher than those found in controls, which is often accompanied by a simultaneous rise in S-adenosylmethionine because of the feedback inhibition by AdoHcy on most methylation reactions, AdoHcy hydrolase has become a tantalizing pharmacological target for inhibition since its blockade can affect:cellular methylation of phospholipids, proteins, small molecules, DNA, and RNA, Indeed, all of these different methylation reactions have been found to be inhibitable by the nucleoside inhibitors/substrates of AdoHcy hydrolase, Among the interesting effects are the activation of genes, induction of cellular differentiation, increased expression of transcription factors, and sometimes the repression of genes, Furthermore, some of the nucleosides show remarkable antiviral activities in vitro and in vivo. However, the mode of action of the inhibitors appears complex, Although the inhibition of methylation might account for some of the biological effects, the ability of some of the nucleoside inhibitors to undergo metabolic phosphorylation to nucleotides may account for part of their biological activities, The defining mode of action responsible for their biological effects still awaits biochemical elaboration, especially regarding their antiviral effects, induction of genes, or cellular differentiation. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Med Chem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Chiang, PK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Med Chem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 178 TC 137 Z9 140 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0163-7258 J9 PHARMACOL THERAPEUT JI Pharmacol. Ther. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 77 IS 2 BP 115 EP 134 DI 10.1016/S0163-7258(97)00089-2 PG 20 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YX095 UT WOS:000072005900002 PM 9578320 ER PT J AU Sheard, J Senft, V Mantell, SC Vogel, JH Maier, RS AF Sheard, J Senft, V Mantell, SC Vogel, JH Maier, RS TI Determination of corner and edge permeability in resin transfer molding SO POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID PREPLACED FIBER MATS; FLOW AB Resin flow in resin transfer molding may be strongly influenced by small heterogeneities in the fiber preform, such as narrow channels formed by bending and fitting into a mold. An evaluation of preform permeability in these regions of nonuniform packing is presented. The study incorporates an empirical and analytic approach to iteratively determine the permeability in these regions. Flowfront data were recorded for high fiber volume fraction woven fiber preforms. Edge gap width, injection pressure, and fiber volume fractions were varied. The flow front data were compared with numerical simulations to estimate enhanced permeability at the edges. The results indicate that, for high fiber volume fraction preforms, flow in the channel dominates for relatively small (approximate to 2 mm) gaps. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Mantell, SC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, 111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD, CT 06804-0403 USA SN 0272-8397 J9 POLYM COMPOSITE JI Polym. Compos. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 19 IS 1 BP 96 EP 105 DI 10.1002/pc.10079 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA ZB012 UT WOS:000072426000012 ER PT J AU Robinson, RA Burgess, WH Emerson, SU Leibowitz, RS Sosnovtseva, SA Tsarev, S Purcell, RH AF Robinson, RA Burgess, WH Emerson, SU Leibowitz, RS Sosnovtseva, SA Tsarev, S Purcell, RH TI Structural characterization of recombinant hepatitis E virus ORF2 proteins in baculovirus-infected insect cells SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION LA English DT Article ID TRANSMITTED NON-A; NON-B HEPATITIS; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; PROTOTYPE STRAIN; SEQUENCE; HEV; PURIFICATION; ISOLATE; GENOME AB The hepatitis E virus (HEV) capsid antigen has been proposed as a candidate subunit vaccine for the prevention of hepatitis E. The full-length HEV ORF2 protein product is predicted to contain 660 amino acids and to weigh 72,000 daltons. Expression of the HEV ORF2 capsid gene from recombinant baculoviruses in insect cells produced multiple immunoreactive proteins ranging in size from 30 to 100 kDa. The most abundant HEV proteins had molecular weights of 72, 63, 56, and 53 kDa. Temporal expression kinetics of these viral polypeptides indicated that the 72- and 63-kDa polypeptides were produced abundantly within the initial 36 h. postinfection but were replaced by 56- and 53-kDa polypeptides in the cell and medium, respectively, by 48 h postinfection. The 53-kDa protein was secreted as early as 24 h. postinfection, and accumulation in the medium peaked by 72 h postinfection. Purification of the 53-, 56-, and 63-kDa viral polypeptides was accomplished by anion-exchange and subsequent gel filtration chromatography. Sequence analysis of the 53-, 56-, and 63-kDa HEV polypeptides indicated that the amino terminus was amino acid residue 112 of the predicted full-length protein product. The results of carboxy terminal amino acid sequencing indicated that the carboxy terminus of the 53-, 56-, and 63-kDa HEV proteins was located at amino acid residues 578, 607, and 660, respectively. The molecular masses of the 53- and 56-kDa HEV polypeptides were 53,872 and 56,144 as determined by mass spectroscopy. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Dyncorp, Mol Virol Lab, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Amer Red Cross, Jerome H Holland Lab, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, Hepatitis Viruses Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Robinson, RA (reprint author), Dyncorp, Mol Virol Lab, 1 Taft Court, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-35154, N01-AI-05069] NR 22 TC 83 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-5928 J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF JI Protein Expr. Purif. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 12 IS 1 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1006/prep.1997.0817 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA YY157 UT WOS:000072119000011 PM 9473460 ER PT J AU Byrd, JC Flinn, IW Grever, MR AF Byrd, JC Flinn, IW Grever, MR TI Introduction: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia SO SEMINARS IN ONCOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Byrd, JC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0093-7754 J9 SEMIN ONCOL JI Semin. Oncol. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 25 IS 1 BP 4 EP 5 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA YX207 UT WOS:000072017100004 PM 9482520 ER PT J AU Byrd, JC Rai, KR Sausville, EA Grever, MR AF Byrd, JC Rai, KR Sausville, EA Grever, MR TI Old and new therapies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Now is the time for a reassessment of therapeutic goals SO SEMINARS IN ONCOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BREAST-CARCINOMA CELLS; PREVIOUSLY TREATED PATIENTS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; PHASE-I; FLUDARABINE MONOPHOSPHATE; GROWTH-INHIBITION; PURINE ANALOGS; CLINICAL-TRIAL; CYCLE ARREST; CHLORAMBUCIL C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ, Washington, DC USA. Long Isl Jewish Med Ctr, Div Hematol Oncol, New Hyde Park, NY 11042 USA. NCI, Dev Therapeut Program, Div Canc Treatment, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Div Hematol Malignancies, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Byrd, JC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Ward 78, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 93 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0093-7754 J9 SEMIN ONCOL JI Semin. Oncol. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 25 IS 1 BP 65 EP 74 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA YX207 UT WOS:000072017100012 PM 9482528 ER PT J AU Diehl, LF Ketchum, LH AF Diehl, LF Ketchum, LH TI Autoimmune disease and chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, pure red cell aplasia, and autoimmune thrombocytopenia SO SEMINARS IN ONCOLOGY LA English DT Review ID INTRAVENOUS GAMMA-GLOBULIN; SYSTEMIC LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; CHRONIC LYMPHATIC-LEUKEMIA; LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS; SPLENIC IRRADIATION; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; TRANSFUSION THERAPY; TRANSIENT REVERSAL; PLASMA-EXCHANGE; CYCLOSPORINE-A C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Diehl, LF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 150 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0093-7754 J9 SEMIN ONCOL JI Semin. Oncol. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 25 IS 1 BP 80 EP 97 PG 18 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA YX207 UT WOS:000072017100014 PM 9482530 ER PT J AU Wong, PWK Dillard, TA Kroenke, K AF Wong, PWK Dillard, TA Kroenke, K TI Multiple organ toxicity from addition of erythromycin to long-term lovastatin therapy SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INDUCED RHABDOMYOLYSIS; TRANSPLANT AB A patient who had taken lovastatin for 7 years received erythromycin before dental procedures. Multiple organ toxicity developed, manifested as rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure, pancreatitis, ileus, livedo reticularis, and elevated aminotransferase values, without liver injury. No previous reports have identified multiple organ injury of this magnitude. A computer literature search identified only three other reported instances of erythromycin and lovastatin interaction. Manifestations in these previous cases consisted of rhabdomyolysis in all three, as well as elevated amino transferase values and acute renal failure in two cases. In all the cases, the clinical presentation of organ toxicity occurred after the cessation of erythromycin therapy between day 1 and day 5. Advanced age and chronic renal insufficiency were identified as potential risk factors for drug interaction. Health care professionals should be aware of the potential interaction between these two commonly prescribed drugs, which can mimic sepsis. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Gastroenterol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Wong, PWK (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Gastroenterol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 13 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 91 IS 2 BP 202 EP 205 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 219YB UT WOS:000081635200015 PM 9496876 ER PT J AU Pierce, K AF Pierce, K TI Back extension & snatch pull SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING LA English DT Article C1 USA, Weightlifting Dev Ctr, Shreveport, LA USA. RP Pierce, K (reprint author), USA, Weightlifting Dev Ctr, Shreveport, LA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1073-6840 J9 STRENGTH COND JI Strength Cond. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 20 IS 1 BP 32 EP 33 DI 10.1519/1073-6840(1998)020<0032:BESP>2.3.CO;2 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA YW412 UT WOS:000071932700006 ER PT J AU Johs, B Herzinger, CM Dinan, JH Cornfeld, A Benson, JD AF Johs, B Herzinger, CM Dinan, JH Cornfeld, A Benson, JD TI Development of a parametric optical constant model for Hg1-xCdxTe for control of composition by spectroscopic ellipsometry during MBE growth SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (ICSE-2) CY MAY 12-15, 1997 CL CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA DE ellipsometry; optical constants; HgCdTe; in situ characterization ID DIELECTRIC FUNCTION; ALXGA1-XAS; GAAS AB The development of an optical constant library for Hg1-xCdxTe as a function of composition (x = 0-0.5) and temperature (T=0-250 degrees C) which is suitable for precise composition control by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) during MBE growth is described. An efficient methodology for acquiring in situ optical constants as a function of composition and temperature is first presented. Optical constants extracted from these in situ measurements, as well as literature data from room temperature values, were used to obtain internally Kramers-Kronig consistent parametric optical constant models at discrete compositions and temperatures. Then a global data analysis over temperature 'T' and composition 'x' was performed in which the internal parameters of the optical constant model were fitted as polynomials in T and x. This parametric model was developed to replace, without compromising the quality of ellipsometric data fits, the usual tabulated optical constant lists while using a reasonably small set of adjustable parameters. The model is flexible enough to describe the complicated critical point structures of semiconductors, yet stable enough to generate optical constants as a function of composition and temperature and permit limited extrapolation outside the measured range. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 JA Woollam Co, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Johs, B (reprint author), JA Woollam Co, Suite 102,645 M St, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NR 10 TC 151 Z9 152 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD FEB PY 1998 VL 313 BP 137 EP 142 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00800-6 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA ZP520 UT WOS:000073761700024 ER PT J AU Johs, B Herzinger, C Dinan, JH Cornfeld, A Benson, JD Doctor, D Olson, G Ferguson, I Pelczynski, M Chow, P Kuo, CH Johnson, S AF Johs, B Herzinger, C Dinan, JH Cornfeld, A Benson, JD Doctor, D Olson, G Ferguson, I Pelczynski, M Chow, P Kuo, CH Johnson, S TI Real-time monitoring and control of epitaxial semiconductor growth in a production environment by in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (ICSE-2) CY MAY 12-15, 1997 CL CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA DE ellipsometry; in situ characterization; epitaxial growth; InGaAs; HgCdTe AB To manufacture the next generation of epitaxially grown semiconductor device structures, real-time monitoring and control of the growth is considered a necessity to achieve acceptable yields. In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) has demonstrated sensitivity to important growth parameters, such as substrate temperature, layer thickness and composition; the literature also contains some examples of growth control by in situ SE. However, applying this characterization technique in a production environment presents a number of challenges. This article discusses these challenges and solutions which have been implemented on production-ready growth chambers. Real-time in situ SE composition monitoring results which were obtained on such chambers are in excellent agreement with ex situ characterization techniques. Preliminary composition control experiments, using in situ SE as the feedback sensor, are also presented. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 JA Woollam Co, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. USA, CECOM Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. Hughes Res Labs, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. EMCORE Corp, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. SVT Associates Inc, Eden Prairie, MN USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Johs, B (reprint author), JA Woollam Co, Suite 102,645 M St, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NR 14 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD FEB PY 1998 VL 313 BP 490 EP 495 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00870-5 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA ZP520 UT WOS:000073761700088 ER PT J AU Cao, CJ Eldefrawi, ME Eldefrawi, AT Burnett, JW Mioduszewski, RJ Menking, DE Valdes, JJ AF Cao, CJ Eldefrawi, ME Eldefrawi, AT Burnett, JW Mioduszewski, RJ Menking, DE Valdes, JJ TI Toxicity of sea nettle toxin to human hepatocytes and the protective effects of phosphorylating and alkylating agents SO TOXICON LA English DT Article ID LIVING CELLS; MICROPHYSIOMETER; VENOM AB The sea nettle jellyfish toxin (SNTX), which contains several polypeptides, was highly toxic to human hepatocytes. The Cytosensor microphysiometer was used continuously to monitor cell media acidification rate as an index of cellular metabolic activity. Cells exposed to >1 mu g SNTX protein/ml media exhibited a transient increase in metabolic activity, followed by a sharp decrease and cell death within minutes. The kinetics of the transient increase and subsequent decline increased with higher concentrations of SNTX. The biphasic and time-dependent response of hepatocytes to SNTX suggests that more than one mechanism may be involved in the toxicity of its different polypeptides, SNTX-induced cytotoxicity of hepatocytes was reduced by the presence of high titer antibodies against a heterologous jellyfish. Phenobarbital-induced cells became more vulnerable to SNTX, suggesting that some toxin component(s) require(s) bioactivation. Short-term exposure (1-2 h) to 10 mu g/ml of the calcium ionophore calcimycin, or the non-selective monovalent cation ionophore gramicidin, had no effect on metabolic activity. However, 165 mu g/ml gramicidin or 53 mu g/ml calcimycin produced slight transient activation followed by steady decline in metabolic activity, while 20 h exposure to either ionophore produced total cell death. Exposure to even a 10-fold lower concentration of either ionophore killed 88% and 75%, respectively. This contrasts with the toxicity of SNTX which is detectable in minutes with as little as 3 mu g/ml. Since pre-exposure to the organophosphate anticholinesterases VX and paraoxon, or the chemotherapeutic alkylating agents cyclophosphamide and mechlorethamine reduced the cytotoxic effects of SNTX, it suggests phosphorylation or alkylation of cell protein(s) interferes with SNTX toxicity. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Eldefrawi, AT (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES07263] NR 22 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD FEB PY 1998 VL 36 IS 2 BP 269 EP 281 DI 10.1016/S0041-0101(97)00122-0 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA ZM332 UT WOS:000073527900004 PM 9620575 ER PT J AU Pruitt, BA McManus, AT Kim, SH Goodwin, CW AF Pruitt, BA McManus, AT Kim, SH Goodwin, CW TI Burn wound infections: Current status SO WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Article ID BACTEREMIA; PATIENT; BIOPSY AB The burn wound represents a susceptible site for opportunistic colonization by organisms of endogenous and exogenous origin. Patient factors such as age, extent of injury, and depth of burn in combination with microbial factors such as type and number of organisms, enzyme and toxin production, and motility determine the likelihood of invasive burn wound infection. Burn wound infections can be classified on the basis of the causative organism, the depth of invasion, and the tissue response. Diagnostic procedures and therapy must be based on an understanding of the pathophysiology of the burn wound and the pathogenesis of the various forms of burn wound infection. The time-related changes in the predominant flora of the burn wound from gram-positive to gramnegative recapitulate the history of burn wound infection. Proper clinical and culture surveillance of the burn wound permits early diagnosis of gram-positive cellulitis, and the stable susceptibility of P-hemolytic streptococci to penicillin has eliminated the threat of this once Common burn wound pathogen. Selection and dissemination of intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms increase the probability of burn wound colonization by resistant species such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Even so, effective topical antimicrobial chemotherapy and early burn wound excision have significantly reduced the overall occurrence of invasive burn wound infections. Individual patients; usually those with extensive burns in whom wound closure is difficult to achieve, may still develop a variety of bacterial and nonbacterial burn wound infections. Consequently, the entirety of the burn wound must be examined on a daily basis by the attending surgeon. Any change in wound appearance, with or without associated clinical changes, should be evaluated by biopsy. Quantitative cultures of the biopsy sample may identify predominant organisms but are not useful for making the diagnosis of invasive burn wound infection. Histologic examination of the biopsy specimen, which permits staging the invasive process, is the only reliable means of differentiating wound colonization from invasive infection. Identification of the histologic changes characteristic of bacterial, fungal, and viral infections facilitates the selection of appropriate therapy. A diagnosis of invasive burn wound infection necessitates change of both local and systemic therapy and, in the case of bacterial and fungal infections, prompt surgical removal of the infected tissue. Even after the wounds of extensively Burned patients have healed or been grafted, burn wound impetigo, commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, may occur in the form of multifocal, small superficial abscesses that require surgical debridement. Current techniques of burn wound care have significantly reduced the incidence of invasive burn wound infection, altered the organisms causing the infections that do occur; increased the interval between injury and the onset of infection, reduced the mortality associated with infection, decreased the overall incidence of infection in burn patients, and increased burn patient survival. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Lib Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Pruitt, BA (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Lib Branch, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 30 TC 231 Z9 246 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-2313 J9 WORLD J SURG JI World J.Surg. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 22 IS 2 BP 135 EP 145 PG 11 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA YR197 UT WOS:000071470500004 PM 9451928 ER PT J AU Hong, SU Barbari, TA Sloan, JM AF Hong, SU Barbari, TA Sloan, JM TI Multicomponent diffusion of methyl ethyl ketone and toluene in polyisobutylene from vapor sorption FTIR-ATR spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE infrared spectroscopy; multicomponent; diffusion; polymer ID MOLTEN POLYSTYRENE; EVANESCENT FIELD; POLYMERS AB In this study, diffusion coefficients of toluene/methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) mixtures in polyisobutylene were measured at 50 degrees C using vapor sorption FTIR-ATR (Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance) spectroscopy. For three mixture compositions, the diffusion coefficients were determined using a diffusion framework for ternary systems. The "crossterm" diffusion coefficient for MEK was found to be very small under the experimental conditions studied here, while that for toluene was found to increase with increasing MEK concentration. On the basis of this finding, a binary diffusion model was used to determine diffusion coefficients for MEK over a wide range of mixture compositions and the results compared well with those determined from pure MEK transport data. Relative transport rates during integral sorption experiments with mixtures were used to explain the results. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USA, Res Lab, Polymer Res Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Barbari, TA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 30 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JAN 30 PY 1998 VL 36 IS 2 BP 337 EP 344 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA YV363 UT WOS:000071815700012 ER PT J AU Christopher, GW AF Christopher, GW TI Propaganda value of allegations of biological warfare in the Korean War SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Christopher, GW (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 28 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 4 BP 274 EP 274 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YT472 UT WOS:000071607000025 ER PT J AU Yao, J Chen, CJ Choi, KK Chang, WH Tsui, DC AF Yao, J Chen, CJ Choi, KK Chang, WH Tsui, DC TI Energy resolved noise measurements in quantum well infrared photodetectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB In quantum well infrared photodetectors, the detector dark current usually is composed of a wide range of energies originated from thermionic emission as well as thermally assisted tunneling. Yet, it is a common practice to assign a single noise gain to all electrons irrespective of their energies. This assigned value can only represent the mean since both the hot-electron lifetime and the transit time, whose ratio determines the gain, are energy dependent. In this work, we have resolved the energy dependence of the noise gain using an electron energy filter. We find that although the noise gain increases initially with energy as expected, it reaches a maximum at 0.27 eV above the GaAs conduction band edge, and then decreases and forms a minimum at 0.31 eV. We attribute this decrease to the Gamma-L intervalley scattering, which increases the transit time of the electrons. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Yao, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RI Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 26 PY 1998 VL 72 IS 4 BP 453 EP 455 DI 10.1063/1.120784 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YT563 UT WOS:000071619600021 ER PT J AU Blumstein, A Samuelson, L AF Blumstein, A Samuelson, L TI Highly conjugated ionic polyacetylenes: Thin-film processing and potential applications SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POLYMERIZATION; BLENDS AB Processible, highly conjugated polyacetylenes (PAs) may sound like a contradiction in terms. since PAs are insoluble. infusible, and electrically unstable, However, a recent attempt to overcome these Limitations by introducing one or two ionic charges into each repeat unit (see Figure) was successful. Amphiphilic systems, composites. and blends are described, together with some features of the resulting films. C1 Univ Lowell, Dept Chem, Polymer Sci Program, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Sci & Technol Directorate, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Blumstein, A (reprint author), Univ Lowell, Dept Chem, Polymer Sci Program, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 23 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 22 PY 1998 VL 10 IS 2 BP 173 EP + DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199801)10:2<173::AID-ADMA173>3.0.CO;2-E PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA YU745 UT WOS:000071750000015 ER PT J AU Simcic, KJ AF Simcic, KJ TI Treatment of suicidal patients SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Simcic, KJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 22 PY 1998 VL 338 IS 4 BP 262 EP 262 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YT358 UT WOS:000071594100014 PM 9441238 ER PT J AU Xu, H Kwan, CM Haynes, L Pryor, JD AF Xu, H Kwan, CM Haynes, L Pryor, JD TI Real-time adaptive on-line traffic incident detection SO FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE fuzzy logic; neural networks; principal component analysis; traffic AB A new approach to traffic incident detection is proposed in this paper. The method consists of two stages. First, a real-time adaptive on-line procedure is used to extract the significant components of traffic states, namely, average velocity and density of moving vehicles. Second, we apply a new neural network called Fuzzy CMAC (Cerebellar Arithmetic Computer) to identify traffic incidents. Fuzzy CMAC is an ideal candidate for this purpose for the following reasons. First, the Fuzzy CMAC learning structure is a creative use of fuzzy logic and CMAC based neural networks. Expert knowledge in terms of linguistic rules can be incorporated into the design. Second, the learning process is well suited for real-time application since the training process is an order of magnitude faster than conventional neural nets. Third, the Fuzzy CMAC can be implemented in high speed, highly parallel hardware. The importance of this research is three-fold. One is that a good traffic incident detection system will help drivers to select an optimum route. The second one is that the system will be able to provide information for efficient dispatching of emergency services. Lastly, it will provide accurate knowledge of existing traffic conditions in order to guide effective on-line traffic controls. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USA, Space & Strateg Def Command, Concepts & Applicat Div, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. RP Kwan, CM (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, 2 Res Pl,Suite 202, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0114 J9 FUZZY SET SYST JI Fuzzy Sets Syst. PD JAN 16 PY 1998 VL 93 IS 2 BP 173 EP 183 DI 10.1016/S0165-0114(96)00229-1 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA YN200 UT WOS:000071143100004 ER PT J AU Kalro, V Tezduyar, T AF Kalro, V Tezduyar, T TI 3D computation of unsteady flow past a sphere with a parallel finite element method SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Interdisciplinary Symposium on Advances in Computational Mechanics in Honor of Professor John Tinsley Oden CY JAN 12-15, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX ID INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS AB We present parallel computation of 3D, unsteady, incompressible flow past a sphere. The Navier-Stokes equations of incompressible flows are solved using a stabilized finite element formulation. Equal-order interpolation functions are used for velocity and pressure. The second-order accurate time-marching within the solution process is carried out in an implicit fashion. The coupled, nonlinear equations generated at each time step are solved using an element-vector-based iteration technique. The computed value of the primary frequency associated with vortex shedding is in close agreement with experimental measurements. The computation was performed on the Thinking Machines CM-5. RP UNIV MINNESOTA, ARMY HPC RES CTR, 1100 WASHINGTON AVE S, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55415 USA. RI Tezduyar, Tayfun/F-6134-2012 OI Tezduyar, Tayfun/0000-0001-8707-3162 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 EI 1879-2138 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PD JAN 15 PY 1998 VL 151 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 267 EP 276 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(97)00120-5 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA YF151 UT WOS:A1998YF15100015 ER PT J AU Perovich, DK Roesler, CS Pegau, WS AF Perovich, DK Roesler, CS Pegau, WS TI Variability in Arctic sea ice optical properties SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; OZONE DEPLETION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; COMMUNITIES; IRRADIANCE; MICROALGAE; BIOLOGY; WATERS; MODEL AB The optical properties of sea ice exhibit considerable spatial, temporal, and spectral variability. During a field experiment at Barrow, Alaska, we examined the horizontal variability of spectral albedo and transmittance as well as the vertical variability of in-ice radiance. Temporal changes were monitored under cold conditions in April and during the onset of melt in June. Physical properties, including ice structure and concentrations of particulate and dissolved material, were measured to provide a context for understanding the observed temporal, horizontal, vertical, and spectral variability in optical properties. For snow-covered first-year ice in April, wavelength-integrated (300-3000 nm) albedos were high (0.8) and spatially uniform, but there was considerable variability in transmittance. Transmittance at 440 nm ranged by more than a factor of 2 over horizontal distances of only 25 m, owing primarily to differences in snow depth, although spectral variations in transmittance indicate that absorbing organic materials in the ice column contribute significantly to the horizontal variability. Peak values of transmittance in April were 1% near 500 nm, decreasing at both longer and shorter wavelengths. At the onset of melt in June, the ice surface rapidly evolved into a variegated mixture of melting snow, bare ice, and melt ponds. Albedos were much lower and exhibited considerable spatial variability, ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 over distances of a few meters concomitant with the variation in surface characteristics. Transmission increased over the spring transition as surface characteristics evolved to decrease albedo and as in-ice structure was altered by heating to reduce attenuation within the ice. The exception to this trend occurred over a period of a few days when an algal bloom developed on the underside of the ice and transmission was significantly reduced. Variability in the in-ice spectral radiance values was observed between nearby sites in both first-year and multiyear ice. While the radiance measurements are strongly dependent on the incident solar radiance, under similar solar conditions there was an observed shift in the peak of the maximum in the spectral radiance from 460 nm in clean ice to between 500 and 550 nm in ice that contained particulates in the surface layer. More impressive spectral shifts were found in an old melt pond that had accumulated particles at its base. Not only was there a strong shift in the spectral nature of the radiance as a function of horizontal distance, but there also existed large changes vertically within tf ie ice. The vertical variability in the radiance attenuation coefficient was spatially coherent with variations in both the physical structure of the ice, especially grain size, and the concentrations of particulate and dissolved materials entrapped in the ice. Not surprisingly, the short-lived algal layer on the underside of the ice resulted in changes in the radiance attenuation coefficient from approximately 1 m(-1) in the interior ice to approximately 40 m(-1) within that layer. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM perovich@hanover-crrel.army.mil NR 40 TC 76 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 15 PY 1998 VL 103 IS C1 BP 1193 EP 1208 DI 10.1029/97JC01614 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA YQ713 UT WOS:000071415800013 ER PT J AU Tan, NCB Wu, WL Wallace, WE Davis, GT AF Tan, NCB Wu, WL Wallace, WE Davis, GT TI Interface effects on moisture absorption in ultrathin polyimide films SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE polyimides; reflectivity; moisture absorption ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; AROMATIC POLYIMIDE; THIN-FILMS; WATER; POLYSTYRENE; THICKNESS; HISTORY; SILICON AB Water absorption in thin films (<1000 Angstrom) of a commercial polyimide was evaluated by monitoring dimensional changes induced by a humid environment. Film thickness was measured using x-ray reflectivity, which is a nondestructive technique offering angstrom resolution in the measurements of thin film or multilayer thickness. The effect of several variables on the absorption of moisture were monitored in polyimide films adhered to polished silicon substrates, including total dry film thickness, exposure time, and the contribution of a coupling agent. The percentage increase in film thickness due to moisture uptake is found to be a weak function of dry film thickness, decreasing as dry film thickness increases, and to be somewhat affected by the use of an interfacial coupling agent. The observed behavior points to the polymer/substrate interface as a strong factor controlling the absorption of moisture in the polyimide/silicon system, and is believed to reflect the presence of a highly moisture-saturated interfacial layer. A bilayer model is proposed, and the feasibility of using this model to describe the observed behavior is considered. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tan, NCB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Div Mat, AMSRL WM MA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 22 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 1998 VL 36 IS 1 BP 155 EP 162 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(19980115)36:1<155::AID-POLB17>3.3.CO;2-R PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA YV357 UT WOS:000071815100017 ER PT J AU Chylek, P Videen, G AF Chylek, P Videen, G TI Scattering by a composite sphere and effective medium approximations SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION; GRAINS; LIGHT; PARTICLES; INCLUSION AB To investigate the accuracy of three selected effective medium approximations (Bruggeman, Maxwel Garnett and an extended effective medium approximation), we compare the scattering, absorption and extinction cross sections obtained using the effective medium approximations with those utilizing the exact solution of the Maxwell equations for a composite sphere containing an arbitrarily located spherical inclusion. For the considered case of an acrylic sphere containing water inclusions at centimeter wavelengths, we find that all considered effective medium approximations provide scattering, absorption and extinction cross sections within 1% accuracy, for the inclusion size parameter up to about 0.5. The traditional effective medium approximations (Bruggeman and Maxwell Garnett) lead to considerable errors for larger values of the size parameter. The extended effective medium approximation allows larger inclusions, however, its accuracy decreases with increasing inclusion size. For the considered case of an acrylic sphere with water inclusions, the accuracy of the extended effective medium approximation is within 10% for the inclusion size parameters up to 5. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys, Atmospher Sci Program, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Atmospher Sci Program, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chylek, P (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys, Atmospher Sci Program, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD JAN 15 PY 1998 VL 146 IS 1-6 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(97)00556-7 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA ZM329 UT WOS:000073527600004 ER PT J AU Li, CT Li, J Yin, SH Hudson, TD McMillen, DK AF Li, CT Li, J Yin, SH Hudson, TD McMillen, DK TI Synthesized multi-level composite filter for synthetic-aperture radar image identification SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID JOINT TRANSFORM CORRELATOR; OPTIMIZATION AB A novel optical correlator system to identify the Synthetic-Aperture Radar (SAR) image based on multilevel composite function (MCF) filters, constructed in input domain, is presented. The MCFs are synthesized by the simulated annealing algorithm, which are suitable to current spatial light modulators because of their limited dynamic range requirement of the MCFs. In this paper, we focus our investigation on the MCFs for the SAR image identification, including the impact of number of levels on discriminability and noise performance. In addition, a unique position encoding technique is also added in the optical system so that MCF fan be implemented easily. The simulated and experimental results are presented, which are quite consistent. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Li, CT (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD JAN 15 PY 1998 VL 146 IS 1-6 BP 285 EP 301 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(97)00532-4 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA ZM329 UT WOS:000073527600055 ER PT J AU Amoroso, PJ Reynolds, KL Bell, NS AF Amoroso, PJ Reynolds, KL Bell, NS TI Benzodiazepine use and crash risk in older patients SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID INJURIES; SMOKING C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. SSDS Inc, Natick, MA USA. RP Amoroso, PJ (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 14 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 2 BP 113 EP 113 DI 10.1001/jama.279.2.113 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YQ015 UT WOS:000071338900015 PM 9440653 ER PT J AU Weetall, HH Samuelson, LA AF Weetall, HH Samuelson, LA TI Optical and electrical properties of bacteriorhodopsin Langmuir-Blodgett films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE bacteriorhodopsin; Langmuir-Blodgett films; opto-electrical properties ID HALOBACTERIUM-HALOBIUM; PURPLE MEMBRANE AB Langmuir-Blodgett films prepared from purple membranes dissolved in pure hexane were characterized for M-state decay kinetics and photocurrent production. These studies indicated that the films are preferentially oriented with thr cytoplasmic side of the bacteriorhodopsin molecule facing away from the surface of the tin oxide coated glass electrodes. Characterization of Langmuir-Blodgett Films in high salt strongly indicates that the transient photocurrents observed are directly due to proton release and uptake and not to charge separation. Published by Elsevier Science S.A. C1 NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Div Biotechnol, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Weetall, HH (reprint author), NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 14 PY 1998 VL 312 IS 1-2 BP 306 EP 312 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00711-6 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA ZN334 UT WOS:000073635500052 ER PT J AU Chu, WK Li, YP Liu, JR Wu, JZ Tidrow, SC Toyoda, N Matsuo, J Yamada, I AF Chu, WK Li, YP Liu, JR Wu, JZ Tidrow, SC Toyoda, N Matsuo, J Yamada, I TI Smoothing of YBa2Cu3O7-delta films by ion cluster beam bombardment SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Smoothing high-temperature superconductor (HTS) surfaces, especially HTS thin-film surfaces, is crucial for HTS thin-film device processing. In this letter, we describe a method to planarize the surface of a YBa2Cu3O7-delta HTS film down to a smoothness with a standard deviation of 1 nm or better. The method includes first smoothing the HTS surface by ion cluster beam bombardment, followed by annealing in oxygen ambient to regrow the damaged surface layer. Additional YBCO layers can be grown epitaxially on the treated surface, even without removing the top surface layer, which contained some residual damage after annealing. This method can be integrated into HTS circuit fabrication as a key step of planarization. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Phys, Lawrence, KS USA. USA, AMSRL, SE, EP,Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Kyoto Univ, Ion Beam Engn Expt Lab, Kyoto 606, Japan. RP Chu, WK (reprint author), Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013 NR 5 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 12 PY 1998 VL 72 IS 2 BP 246 EP 248 DI 10.1063/1.120699 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YQ549 UT WOS:000071398900039 ER PT J AU Karypis, G Kumar, V AF Karypis, G Kumar, V TI A parallel algorithm for multilevel graph partitioning and sparse matrix ordering SO JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE parallel graph partitioning; multilevel partitioning methods; fill reducing ordering; numerical linear algebra AB In this paper we present a parallel formulation of the multilevel graph partitioning and sparse matrix ordering algorithm. A key feature of our parallel formulation (that distinguishes it from other proposed parallel formulations of multilevel algorithms) is that it partitions the vertices of the graph into root p parts while distributing the overall adjacency matrix of the graph among all p processors. This mapping results in substantially smaller communication than one-dimensional distribution for graphs with relatively high degree, especially if the graph is randomly distributed among the processors. We also present a parallel algorithm for computing a minimal cover of a bipartite graph which is a key operation for obtaining a small vertex separator that is useful for computing the fill reducing ordering of sparse matrices. Our parallel algorithm achieves a speedup of up to 56 on 128 processors for moderate size problems, further reducing the already moderate serial run time of multilevel schemes. Furthermore, the quality of the produced partitions and orderings are comparable to those produced by the serial multilevel algorithm that has been shown to outperform both spectral partitioning and multiple minimum degree. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Karypis, G (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM karypis@cs.umn.edu; kumar@cs.umn.edu NR 32 TC 123 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0743-7315 J9 J PARALLEL DISTR COM JI J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. PD JAN 10 PY 1998 VL 48 IS 1 BP 71 EP 95 DI 10.1006/jpdc.1997.1403 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA ZJ696 UT WOS:000073243400004 ER PT J AU Karypis, G Kumar, V AF Karypis, G Kumar, V TI Multilevel k-way partitioning scheme for irregular graphs SO JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE graph partitioning; multilevel partitioning methods; Kernighan-Lin heuristic; spectral partitioning methods; parallel sparse matrix algorithms ID ALGORITHM AB In this paper, we present and study a class of graph partitioning algorithms that reduces the size of the graph by collapsing vertices and edges, we find a k-way partitioning of the smaller graph, and then we uncoarsen and refine it to construct a k-way partitioning for the original graph. These algorithms compute a k-way partitioning of a graph G = (V, E) in O(\E\) time, which is faster by a factor of O(log k) than previously proposed multilevel recursive bisection algorithms. A key contribution of our work is in finding a high-quality and computationally inexpensive refinement algorithm that can improve upon an initial k-way partitioning. We also study the effectiveness of the overall scheme for a variety of coarsening schemes. We present experimental results on a. large number of graphs arising in various domains including finite element methods, Linear programming, VLSI, and transportation, Our experiments show that this new scheme produces partitions that an of comparable or better quality than those produced by the multilevel bisection algorithm and requires substantially smaller time. Graphs containing up to 450,000 vertices and 3,300,000 edges can be partitioned in 256 domains in less than 40 s on a workstation such as SGI's Challenge. Compared with the widely used multilevel spectral bisection algorithm, our new algorithm is usually two orders of magnitude faster and produces partitions with substantially smaller edge-cut. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Karypis, G (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 30 TC 513 Z9 555 U1 1 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0743-7315 J9 J PARALLEL DISTR COM JI J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. PD JAN 10 PY 1998 VL 48 IS 1 BP 96 EP 129 DI 10.1006/jpdc.1997.1404 PG 34 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA ZJ696 UT WOS:000073243400005 ER PT J AU Saxena, A Hur, R Doctor, BP AF Saxena, A Hur, R Doctor, BP TI Allosteric control of acetylcholinesterase activity by monoclonal antibodies SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERIPHERAL ANIONIC SITE; BOVINE SERUM ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; BRAIN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; TORPEDO-CALIFORNICA; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; LIGAND-BINDING; FASCICULIN; IDENTIFICATION; INHIBITION AB Previous studies showed that monoclonal antibodies raised against phosphorylated fetal bovine serum acetylcholinesterase appeared to modulate the catalytic activity of the enzyme by binding to a conformational epitope located at or near the region of the peripheral anionic site, The mechanism of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by these: monoclonal antibodies was further investigated by determining their effect on (i) substrate inhibition due to the binding of excess substrate to the peripheral anionic site and (ii) binding of peripheral anionic site ligands, such as propidium and fasciculin. Results of these experiments demonstrate that the accessibility of substrate to the peripheral anionic site in these complexes was restricted but not completely blocked, as none of the monoclonal antibodies eliminated the phenomenon of excess substrate inhibition. The results also show that propidium clearly slowed the inhibition of fetal bovine serum acetylcholinesterase by all six inhibitory monoclonal antibodies but to different levels. Complexation of fetal bovine serum acetylcholinesterase with monoclonal antibodies 25B1, 4E5, 6H9, and 5E8 interfered with the binding of fasciculin to the complexed enzyme, suggesting that part of their epitope overlapped with the fasciculin binding site. These monoclonal antibodies bind, in part, at the peripheral anionic site, since polyclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies generated against two monoclonal antibodies, 25B1 and 6H9, bound stoichiometric amounts of propidium. Like fasciculin, binding of these monoclonal antibodies in the vicinity of the peripheral anionic site at the rim of the active site gorge allosterically affects the orientation of W86 located at the base of the gorge, resulting in inhibition of enzyme activity. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Saxena, A (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JAN 6 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 1 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.1021/bi972061o PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YR517 UT WOS:000071503200016 PM 9425034 ER PT J AU Millard, CB Lockridge, O Broomfield, CA AF Millard, CB Lockridge, O Broomfield, CA TI Organophosphorus acid anhydride hydrolase activity in human butyrylcholinesterase: Synergy results in a somanase SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID 1,2,2-TRIMETHYLPROPYL METHYLPHOSPHONOFLUORIDATE SOMAN; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; STEREOSPECIFIC REACTIVATION; PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; CHOLINESTERASE; CATALYSIS; BINDING; STEREOISOMERS; INHIBITION AB Organophosphorus acid anhydride (OP) "nerve agents" are rapid, stoichiometric, and essentially irreversible inhibitors of serine hydrolases. By placing a His near the oxyanion hole of human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), we made an esterase (G117H) that catalyzed the hydrolysis of several OF, including sarin and VX [Millard et al. (1995) Bibchemistry 34, 15925-15930], G117H was limited, however, because it was irreversibly inhibited by pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate (soman); soman is among the most toxic synthetic poisons known. This limitation of G117H has been overcome by a new BChE (G117H/E197Q) that combines two engineered features: spontaneous dephosphonylation and slow aging (dealkylation). G117H/E197Q was compared with the single mutants BChE G117H and E197Q. Each retained cholinesterase activity with butyrylthiocholine as substrate, although k(cat)/K-m decreased 11-, 11- or 110-fold for purified G117H, E197Q, or G117H/E197Q, respectively, as compared with wild-type BChE. Only G117H/E197Q catalyzed soman hydrolysis; all four soman stereoisomers as well as sarin and VX were substrates. Phosphonylation and dephosphonylation reactions were stereospecific. Double mutant thermodynamic cycles suggested that the effects of the His and Gin substitutions on phosphonylation were additive for PSCR or PRCR soman, but were cooperative for the PSCS stereoisomer. Dephosphonylation limited overall OP hydrolysis with apparent rate constants of 0.006, 0.077, and 0.128 min(-1) for the PR/SCR, PSCS, and PRCS soman stereoisomers, respectively, at pH 7.5, 25 degrees C. We conclude that synergistic protein design converted an archetypal "irreversible inhibitor" into a slow substrate for the target enzyme. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. RP Millard, CB (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Neurobiol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM limill@weizmann.weizmann.ac.il NR 74 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JAN 6 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 1 BP 237 EP 247 DI 10.1021/bi972057c PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YR517 UT WOS:000071503200026 PM 9425044 ER PT J AU Chen, CJ Choi, KK Chang, WH Tsui, DC AF Chen, CJ Choi, KK Chang, WH Tsui, DC TI Two-color corrugated quantum-well infrared photodetector for remote temperature sensing SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DETECTORS AB A quantum-well infrared photodetector (QWIP) based on the corrugated light-coupling scheme has been fabricated and tested for remote temperature sensing. The QWIP consists of two stacks of multiple quantum wells (MQWs), each sensitive in one of the atmospheric infrared transmission windows and each with a separate readout circuit. High optical coupling efficiency is obtained in both wavelength ranges, demonstrating the use of the corrugated structure for two-color detection. By monitoring the ratio of the photocurrent generated simultaneously in each MQW stack, the temperature of the object emitting the radiation can be determined, regardless of its emissivity and the geometrical factors. This temperature sensing ability is tested by using a blackbody radiator with precision temperature control as the target. The agreement between the measured and the preset temperatures indicates that the corrugated QWIP is capable of precision thermometric measurements. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chen, CJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 11 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 1998 VL 72 IS 1 BP 7 EP 9 DI 10.1063/1.120629 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YP871 UT WOS:000071324400004 ER PT J AU Braun, AR Balkin, TJ Wesensten, NJ Gwadry, F Carson, RE Varga, M Baldwin, P Belenky, G Herscovitch, P AF Braun, AR Balkin, TJ Wesensten, NJ Gwadry, F Carson, RE Varga, M Baldwin, P Belenky, G Herscovitch, P TI Dissociated pattern of activity in visual cortices and their projections during human rapid eye movement sleep SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; HUMAN BRAIN; REM-SLEEP; CORTEX; IMAGERY; WAVES; PET AB Positron emission tomography was used to measure cerebral activity and to evaluate regional interrelationships within visual cortices and their projections during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in human subjects. REM sleep was associated with selective activation of extrastriate visual cortices, particularly within the ventral processing stream, and an unexpected attenuation of activity in the primary visual cortex; increases in regional cerebral blood flow in extrastriate areas were significantly correlated with decreases in the striate cortex. Extrastriate activity was also associated with concomitant activation of limbic and paralimbic regions, but with a marked reduction of activity in frontal association areas including lateral orbital and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. This pattern suggests a model for brain mechanisms subserving REM sleep where visual association cortices and their paralimbic projections may operate as a closed system dissociated from the regions at either end of the visual hierarchy that mediate interactions with the external world. C1 NIDOCD, Voice Speech & Language Branch, Language Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Div Neuropsychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIH, Ctr Clin, PET Imaging Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Braun, AR (reprint author), NIDOCD, Voice Speech & Language Branch, Language Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Carson, Richard/H-3250-2011 OI Carson, Richard/0000-0002-9338-7966 NR 39 TC 272 Z9 278 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 2 PY 1998 VL 279 IS 5347 BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.1126/science.279.5347.91 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YP866 UT WOS:000071323900047 PM 9417032 ER PT B AU Rag, M Rothwell, S Wassef, N Alving, C AF Rag, M Rothwell, S Wassef, N Alving, C BE Talwar, GP Nath, I Ganguly, NK Rao, KVS TI Visualization of peptides and lipids derived from liposome-encapsulated proteins in the trans-Golgi area of living macrophages SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON IMMUNOLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress of Immunology CY NOV 01-06, 1998 CL NEW DELHI, INDIA AB Liposomes serve as an efficient delivery system for targeting exogenous protein and peptide antigens into the MHC class I pathway and thus are very efficient inducers of CTL responses. Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages were pulsed in vine with either fluorophore-labeled proteins as such or encapsulated in liposomes or fluorophore labeled-liposomes lacking antigen. After phagocytosis of the liposomes into phagosomes, the fluorescent liposomal protein entered the cytoplasm, and then the processed protein was translocated via TAP proteins and was subsequently visualized in the trans-Golgi as fluorescent peptides. In the absence of a protein antigen, the liposomal lipids were distributed throughout the cell. In contrast, when a protein antigen was encapsulated in liposomes, the liposomal lipids localized in the trans-Golgi area. Therefore, the combination of both liposomal lipids and liposomal protein is required for Golgi-specific targeting of liposomal antigens. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Rag, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-323-1101-1 PY 1998 BP 115 EP 118 PG 4 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA BM18S UT WOS:000077938500019 ER PT B AU Nath, J Kausalya, S Tulsi, P AF Nath, J Kausalya, S Tulsi, P BE Talwar, GP Nath, I Ganguly, NK Rao, KVS TI Nitric oxide generation in human neutrophils: down-regulation in endotoxin-primed cells SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON IMMUNOLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress of Immunology CY NOV 01-06, 1998 CL NEW DELHI, INDIA AB By using a sensitive fluorimetric assay for nitrite measurement, we provide definitive evidence of nitric oxide (NO) generation in fmet-leu-phe (fMLF)-stimulated human neutrophils (PMNs) via the L-arginine-NOS pathway. Unlike in human endothelial cells, endotoxin (LPS)-priming caused a significant decrease (25-30%) in NO generation by fMLF-stimulated human PMNs. As compared to PMNs in suspension, a two-fold increase in NO generation was observed in adherent PMNs. The LPS-induced decrease (25-35%) in NO levels was observed in both non-adherent and adherent PMNs. Consistent with the NO data, immunofluorescence studies demonstrated the presence of iNOS in fMLF-stimulated PMNs and showed a marked decrease in the iNOS level of LPS-primed PMNs. Taken together, these results demonstrate enzymatic generation of NO in human PMNs, and indicate its down-regulation in LPS-primed PMNs which may be important in the pathophysiology of septic shock. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Nath, J (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-323-1101-1 PY 1998 BP 539 EP 544 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA BM18S UT WOS:000077938500090 ER PT B AU Bond, C Poker, F Pugh, O AF Bond, C Poker, F Pugh, O GP UWM/DE UWM/DE TI The National Guard distributed training technology project: Training soldiers and serving communities SO 14TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON DISTANCE TEACHING AND LEARNING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Conference on Distance Teaching and Learning CY AUG 05-07, 1998 CL MADISON, WI C1 USA, Army Training Div, Natl Guard Bur, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON PI MADISON PA 1050 UNIV AVE, B136 LATHROP HALL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA PY 1998 BP 79 EP 82 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BL87M UT WOS:000077020900013 ER PT B AU Henderson, DL AF Henderson, DL GP UWM/DE UWM/DE TI Cyber-evaluation: Evaluating a distance learning program SO 14TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON DISTANCE TEACHING AND LEARNING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Conference on Distance Teaching and Learning CY AUG 05-07, 1998 CL MADISON, WI C1 USA, Management Staff Coll, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON PI MADISON PA 1050 UNIV AVE, B136 LATHROP HALL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA PY 1998 BP 159 EP 163 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BL87M UT WOS:000077020900028 ER PT B AU Wisher, RA Curnow, CK AF Wisher, RA Curnow, CK GP UWM/DE UWM/DE TI Techniques for evaluating distance learning events SO 14TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON DISTANCE TEACHING AND LEARNING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Conference on Distance Teaching and Learning CY AUG 05-07, 1998 CL MADISON, WI C1 USA, Res Inst, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON PI MADISON PA 1050 UNIV AVE, B136 LATHROP HALL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA PY 1998 BP 461 EP 466 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BL87M UT WOS:000077020900075 ER PT B AU Passner, JE AF Passner, JE GP AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC TI Cloud analysis and forecasts for IMETS SO 16TH CONFERENCE ON WEATHER ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING / SYMPOSIUM ON THE RESEARCH FOCI OF THE U.S. WEATHER RESEARCH PROGRAM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting / Symposium on the Research Foci of the US Weather Research Program CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USA, Res Lab, SLCAS IS EW, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. RP Passner, JE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, SLCAS IS EW, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 478 EP 480 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL92Q UT WOS:000077162300161 ER PT B AU Scozzie, CJ McGarrity, JM AF Scozzie, CJ McGarrity, JM GP IEEE TI Effects of interface-trapped charge on the SiC MOSFET characteristics SO 1998 FOURTH INTERNATIONAL HIGH TEMPERATURE ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International High Temperature Electronics Conference CY JUN 14-18, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USAF, Air Force Res Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Team Specialty Prod, Cree Res Inc, Honeywell Solid State Electr Ctr, Allied Signal, Northrop Grumman Corp, Electron Devices Soc, Components Packaging & Manufacturing Technol Soc AB High quality SiC/SiO2 interfaces are critical to the development of silicon carbide power MOSFETs, IGBTs, and MOS-controlled thyristors. In this work, we examine the effects of thermal stress on the SiC/SiO2 interface of n-channel MOSFETs that had gate oxides formed by low-pressure chemical-vapor deposition on the silicon face of a 6H-SiC epitaxial layer with subsequent re-oxidization trs improve the interface. These devices were found to have a pre-stress mean interface-trap density of 5 x 10(11) cm(-2) eV(-1) at room temperature. The interface-trap density for these oxides was shown to be significantly increased by applying moderate stress (2MV/cm) at 300 degrees C. The post-stress change in device characteristics is shown to be consistent with the stress-induced increase in interface traps. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Scozzie, CJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4540-1 PY 1998 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1109/HITEC.1998.676755 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BL19G UT WOS:000074636600006 ER PT B AU Cole, MW Hubbard, C Demaree, D Fountzoulas, CG Swab, JJ Natarajan, A Searson, P Weihs, TP Miller, RA Zhu, D Xie, K AF Cole, MW Hubbard, C Demaree, D Fountzoulas, CG Swab, JJ Natarajan, A Searson, P Weihs, TP Miller, RA Zhu, D Xie, K GP IEEE TI The effects of cyclic thermal loading on n-type 4H-SiC device components for EM-gun pulsers SO 1998 FOURTH INTERNATIONAL HIGH TEMPERATURE ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International High Temperature Electronics Conference CY JUN 14-18, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USAF, Air Force Res Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Team Specialty Prod, Cree Res Inc, Honeywell Solid State Electr Ctr, Allied Signal, Northrop Grumman Corp, Electron Devices Soc, Components Packaging & Manufacturing Technol Soc AB This study developed acid performed laboratory experiments which mimic the acute thermal cycling inflicted on device structures during high power switching for use in future EM-gun systems. Ni contacts to n-SiC were the device components selected for cyclic thermal testing. Modifications of the Ni-SiC materials properties in response to cyclic thermal fatigue were quantitatively assessed via Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), surface profilometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoindentation testing. Decreases in nanohardness, elastic modulus and surface roughness were observed in response to thermal fatigue. No compositional modifications were observed at the metal-semiconductor interface. Our results demonstrated that the majority of the material changes were initiated after the first thermal pulse and that the effects of subsequent thermal cycling (up to 10 pulses) were negligible. The stability of the metal-semiconductor interface after exposure to repeated pulsed thermal cycling lends support for the utilization of Ni as a contact metallization for high power pulsed switching applications. C1 USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RI Weihs, Timothy/A-3313-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4540-1 PY 1998 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1109/HITEC.1998.676757 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BL19G UT WOS:000074636600008 ER PT B AU Curry, PA Morgan, R Jones, B Onley, S Casto, N AF Curry, PA Morgan, R Jones, B Onley, S Casto, N GP IEEE IEEE TI COTS contribution to the ERS success story SO 1998 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference on Test Technology for the 21st Century CY AUG 24-27, 1998 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB Electronic militarized systems are becoming more technologically advanced and are deployed more rapidly than ever. The success of these systems requires a more timely and advanced level of support than before. The Electronic Repair Shelter (ERS), part of the Army's Integrated Family of Test Equipment (IFTE), is a mobile tactical repair facility which provides this advanced support for printed circuit board test and repair for the GS level of maintenance. The ERS, which uses Commercial Off-The-Shelf(COTS) Equipment and Non-Developmental Items (NDI), has had an aggressive acquisition schedule with significant accomplishments. The development of the ERS began April 95 and 18 months later the engineering model for ERS Successfully passed a rigorous user assessment at Fort Hood, Texas. A Milestone I/III production decision memorandum was issued on 4 November 1997. First Unit Equipped is expected in the 4th quarter of FY98, with initial operating capability (IOC) by the first Quarter of FY99. This paper describes the ways in which the application of COTS equipment is affecting the life cycle of the ERS in areas of cost, schedule, and performance. C1 USA, TMDE Act, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35809 USA. RP Curry, PA (reprint author), USA, TMDE Act, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35809 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4420-0 PY 1998 BP 198 EP 203 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.1998.713444 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Medical Informatics; Transportation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Medical Informatics; Transportation GA BL72A UT WOS:000076427600033 ER PT B AU Su, LP Love, V AF Su, LP Love, V GP IEEE IEEE TI Wireless communications between system under test and portable maintenance aids SO 1998 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference on Test Technology for the 21st Century CY AUG 24-27, 1998 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB As the Department of Defense (DOD) downsizes there is a great need to reduce the maintenance burden, Currently, systems in the DOD inventory utilize numerous hardware, interconnecting devices, and data and protocol to communicate diagnostics and maintenance information to external systems or maintainers. These communication devices always end up to be a big burden to the systems' maintainers, in terms of weight and volume. Moreover, these interconnecting devices require the portable maintenance aide to be tethered to the weapon systems This greatly confines the maintainers' mobility and hence wastes maintenance manpower. The Advanced Technology Office (ATO), US Army Test, Measurement, and Diagnostic Equipment Activity (USATA), in Sep 1996, initiated proof-of-concept that a wireless remote-controllable communication device could be developed to untether maintainers with maintenance aides and systems or weapon systems. This paper will provide a report on the development and design of this wireless remote-controllable communication device. C1 USA, Adv Technol Off, TMDE Act, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Su, LP (reprint author), USA, Adv Technol Off, TMDE Act, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4420-0 PY 1998 BP 405 EP 412 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Medical Informatics; Transportation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Medical Informatics; Transportation GA BL72A UT WOS:000076427600064 ER PT S AU Bochenek, GM Ragusa, JM AF Bochenek, GM Ragusa, JM GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Study results: The use of virtual environments for product design SO 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Intelligent Systems for Humans in a Cyberworld (SMC 98) CY OCT 11-14, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, Syst Man & Cybernet Soc AB Today, many product development organizations are investigating the use of multi-functional teams coupled with emerging interactive virtual environment technologies to create more robust, collaborative virtual design environments, Within these environments design teammates could simultaneously enter a virtual product design, and jointly evaluate design issues, ideas, and parameters -- each from their own experience, perspective, viewpoint and functional responsibility. However, the proliferation and variety of commercially available virtual environment systems has complicated system selection. This paper presents results of a study that investigated the use of four commercial visual displays on the design review process. Study results indicated that the sense of presence experienced while conducting a design review plays an important role in improving design review practices and that some devices are considerably better than others. C1 USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Vetron Technol Ctr, AMSTA TR R, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Bochenek, GM (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Vetron Technol Ctr, AMSTA TR R, MS264, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-4778-1 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 1998 BP 1250 EP 1253 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BL88E UT WOS:000077033700219 ER PT S AU Hilger, JE AF Hilger, JE GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Adaptive Computing Technology: An enabling processing technology for advanced sensor systems SO 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Intelligent Systems for Humans in a Cyberworld (SMC 98) CY OCT 11-14, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, Syst Man & Cybernet Soc AB Adaptive Computing Technology (ACT) represents one of the key processing technologies being investigated for advanced sensor systems. A processor architecture study was conducted for insertion feasibility of aided target acquisition technology in military ground vehicles. Preliminary results show that with the given set of constraints, an architecture augmented with ACT was able to meet many of the insertion requirements. Key aspects of ACT learned from the study are discussed in terms of emerging advanced sensor systems. C1 USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Hilger, JE (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-4778-1 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 1998 BP 2178 EP 2183 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BL88E UT WOS:000077033700382 ER PT S AU DeRico, MMG Byrnes, RB Schafer, JH Marin, JA McNett, MD Stone, GF AF DeRico, MMG Byrnes, RB Schafer, JH Marin, JA McNett, MD Stone, GF GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Using intelligent agents to combine heterogeneous distributed data SO 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Intelligent Systems for Humans in a Cyberworld (SMC 98) CY OCT 11-14, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, Syst Man & Cybernet Soc DE intelligent agents; software agents; database; heterogeneous AB Obtaining data from the World Wide Web has become second nature to most users. In many cases, the sources of this data are distributed databases. Effective interaction with distributed databases means providing the user with location transparency. That is, it should appear to the user as if the data is located at a single site. One major challenge in obtaining location transparency is the integration and presentation of heterogeneous, distributed data in near-real time with a user-friendly, web-based interface. One promising approach to achieve this goal is through the use of intelligent agents. This paper will describe two ongoing projects from the Office of Artificial Intelligence Analysis and Evaluation at the U.S. Military Academy, West Point, New York, that apply intelligent agents to the problem of integrating and presenting heterogeneous, distributed data. The first project is a web-based, simulation scenario-generating application that integrates data from distributed sources to build a simulation scenario for an interactive wargaming simulation called Janus. This scenario-generating application is called Dynamic Scenario Builder (DSB) and will ultimately integrate data from the Army's Functional Description of the Battlespace (FDB) with Janus or other simulation databases to generate simulation scenarios. The second project involves the development of a system to enable logistics planners to access distributed databases from remote locations and autonomously update data sources such that modifications are dynamically mirrored and displayed to all users of the distributed system A key feature of this research is the visual presentation of the summarized information in a meaningful manner such that "drilling down" to more detailed information is evident This second project applies a platform for mediators called HERMES (Heterogeneous Reasoning and Mediator System) as a means of data integration from several heterogeneous distributed databases. C1 US Mil Acad, Off Artificial Intelligence Anal & Evaluat, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP DeRico, MMG (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Off Artificial Intelligence Anal & Evaluat, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-4778-1 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 1998 BP 2831 EP 2835 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BL88E UT WOS:000077033700494 ER PT S AU Sobiesk, E Hamilton, JA Marin, JA Brown, DE Gini, M AF Sobiesk, E Hamilton, JA Marin, JA Brown, DE Gini, M GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Tracking multiple objects in terrain SO 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Intelligent Systems for Humans in a Cyberworld (SMC 98) CY OCT 11-14, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, Syst Man & Cybernet Soc AB The digitized battlefield of the 21(st) Century will revolutionize the methods used to maintain military command and control. The tremendous amount of data available will necessitate the use of intelligent, automated systems that augment, and in some cases replace, the human structures currently in place. One aspect of such systems is terrain-based tracking. We discuss an intelligent terrain-based system for tracking multiple vehicles moving across terrain. Specifically, our system will extract and utilize knowledge about groups to improve the performance of a discrete state-space motion model. Parallel programming techniques are utilized to efficiently compute probability densities for the vehicles. A learning component will allow for real-time adjustment based on performance. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Sobiesk, E (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. OI Gini, Maria/0000-0001-8841-1055 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-4778-1 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 1998 BP 2842 EP 2847 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BL88E UT WOS:000077033700496 ER PT S AU Hillis, DB AF Hillis, DB GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Using a genetic algorithm for multitarget tracking SO 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Intelligent Systems for Humans in a Cyberworld (SMC 98) CY OCT 11-14, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, Syst Man & Cybernet Soc AB I have devised a technique that uses a genetic algorithm (GA)[1]-[3] to address the multiscan assignment problem in multitarget tracking. The assignment problem involves taking detections from one or more sensors over multiple time intervals and dividing them into groups or tracks. A unique set of assignments-a hypothesis-can be expressed as a list, which allows the space of possible hypotheses to be searched using a GA. In this paper, I describe how a GA can maintain a population of hypotheses and how it continuously updates this population as more scans of data arrive. Simulation results and comparisons with other track-assignment methods are presented. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Hillis, DB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-4778-1 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 1998 BP 3550 EP 3553 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BL88E UT WOS:000077033700617 ER PT S AU Stone, GF McGinnis, ML AF Stone, GF McGinnis, ML GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Building scenarios in the next generation of simulations SO 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Intelligent Systems for Humans in a Cyberworld (SMC 98) CY OCT 11-14, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, Syst Man & Cybernet Soc AB Building exercise scenarios is a challenging task for simulation users. Future technological improvements in the functionality, size and complexity of simulations will no doubt increase the amount of data and associated structures required for users to build scenarios and conduct exercises. This paper proposes a scenario generation process for supporting future generations of simulations featuring synchronous and asynchronous data exchange. C1 USA, STRICOM, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Stone, GF (reprint author), USA, STRICOM, 12350 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-4778-1 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 1998 BP 3652 EP 3657 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BL88E UT WOS:000077033700634 ER PT S AU Marin, JA Ray, CK Brockhaus, J Klingseisen, R AF Marin, JA Ray, CK Brockhaus, J Klingseisen, R GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Assessing the robustness of neural network classifiers SO 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Intelligent Systems for Humans in a Cyberworld (SMC 98) CY OCT 11-14, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, Syst Man & Cybernet Soc C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Marin, JA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-4778-1 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 1998 BP 4257 EP 4257 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BL88E UT WOS:000077033700739 ER PT S AU Marin, JA Ray, CK Brockhaus, J Klingseisen, R AF Marin, JA Ray, CK Brockhaus, J Klingseisen, R GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Assessing the robustness of neural network classifiers SO 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Intelligent Systems for Humans in a Cyberworld (SMC 98) CY OCT 11-14, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, Syst Man & Cybernet Soc AB A preliminary report on the first phase of a multiyear experiment designed to assess the robustness of neural network classifiers compared to human experts involving the classification of terrain features is presented and discussed. The experiment includes a definition of the problem, description of the terrain data sets, preprocessing of the imagery, a variable reduction scheme involving genetic algorithms, manual and automatic classification routines, and an assessment of the different methodologies. Preliminary results of a parametric and automatic classification of a Landsat image are also presented. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Marin, JA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-4778-1 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 1998 BP 4258 EP 4263 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BL88E UT WOS:000077033700740 ER PT B AU Lee, YM AF Lee, YM GP IEEE IEEE TI Upgrading electromagnetic shielding of a military shelter SO 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY - SYMPOSIUM RECORD, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 24-28, 1998 CL DENVER, CO SP IEEE EMS Soc, Rocky Mt Chapter AB When equipped with EMI (electromagnetic interference) kits, a family of standard shelters built for the Department of Defense (DoD) provides approximately 60 dB of shielding to a plane-wave electric field (377 Omega). In an effort to upgrade the level of electromagnetic shielding from 60 to 80 dB, one of the shelters was redesigned with only minor changes in the design. An innovative design technique was conceived for sealing seams; for this technique, a preliminary laboratory test showed over 100 dB of shielding when the shielded enclosure is exposed to a plane wave at 1 GHz. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lee, YM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5015-4 PY 1998 BP 464 EP 468 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BM59X UT WOS:000079200400088 ER PT B AU Lee, YM AF Lee, YM GP IEEE IEEE TI Comparison of SE measurements between MIL-STD-285 and the ASTM standard E1851 SO 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY - SYMPOSIUM RECORD, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 24-28, 1998 CL DENVER, CO SP IEEE EMS Soc, Rocky Mt Chapter AB The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) published a standard test method (E1851) for electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SE) of a room-size transportable shielded enclosure [I]. A baseline set of data has been collected to compare both SE measurement results and the length of testing time for the modified MIL-STD-285 and the recently published ASTM Standard E1851. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lee, YM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5015-4 PY 1998 BP 1053 EP 1058 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BM59X UT WOS:000079200400197 ER PT B AU Wu, YW Chang, SC AF Wu, YW Chang, SC GP IEEE IEEE TI Code constructions for nonsynchronous-CDMA systems SO 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP IEEE, Informat Theory Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, USN, Off Naval Res, AT&T, Motorola, Qualcomm, Lucent Technol, Bell Lab Innovat HO MIT AB Code constructions for quasi-synchronous and asynchronous code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems with finite delays are presented in this paper. With all transmitted sequences reaching the receiver within finite delay of D digits, for each J, then: are at least 2(J)(J - 2)/(2 log(2) 3) - 1 +1/log(2) 3 and (J-1)2(J-2)/log(2) 3 spreading Sequences of length 2(J-1) D+2(J)-1 for quasi-synchronous and asynchronous systems respectively. C1 USA, CECOM RDEC IIWD, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Wu, YW (reprint author), USA, CECOM RDEC IIWD, Bldg 600, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5000-6 PY 1998 BP 132 EP 132 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BL58H UT WOS:000075932800130 ER PT B AU Rivera, B Humphrey, M Todd, C AF Rivera, B Humphrey, M Todd, C GP IEEE TI A mechanism for matching application message generation with wireless network performance SO 1998 IEEE RADIO AND WIRELESS CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - RAWCON 98 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radio and Wireless Conference (RAWCON 98) CY AUG 09-12, 1998 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, CO SP IEEE, Microwave Theory & Techn Soc, IEEE, Pikes Peak Sect AB Because of the modular layered architecture approach to network design, the Application Layer is isolated from the characteristics of the physical network. This isolation causes the Application Layer to blindly construct packets for transmission without regard to the likelihood that these packets will be received in a timely and reliable manner at the destination node. With this type of system, a potentially unstable condition, in which queues grow without bound, can be avoided by adding a control loop with a feedback characteristic that provides metrics on the wireless network. In any actual implementation, queue buffers are limited in size so the queues can nor grow without bound. In wireless systems, the network access delays can be rather pronounced. In such a system, knowledge of this metric can allow the Application Layer to adapt its message production rate to match the consumption rate of rite network. This paper presents a mechanism that provides feedback of channel access metric from the Data Link Layer to the Application Layer. The mechanism provides a means to exchange this information without affecting the Network and Transport Layers of the stack. This shift from the traditional layered network architecture [1,2]; while loosing some modularity and encapsulation of the stack layers, gains us more efficient use of the physical media. C1 USA, Res Lab, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Rivera, B (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 115 OKeefe Bldg GaTech, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4988-1 PY 1998 BP 59 EP 62 DI 10.1109/RAWCON.1998.709136 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BL53D UT WOS:000075789500015 ER PT B AU Marvel, LM Retter, CT Boncelet, CG AF Marvel, LM Retter, CT Boncelet, CG GP IEEE IEEE TI Hiding information in images SO 1998 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING - PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing CY OCT 04-07, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP IEEE, Signal Proc Soc AB In this paper we present a new method of embedding information within digital images, called Spread Spectrum Image Steganography (SSIS). Steganography! which means "covered writing" in Greek, is the science of communicating in a hidden manner. SSIS conceals a message of substantial length within digital imagery while maintaining the original image size and dynamic range. The hidden message can be recovered using the appropriate keys without any knowledge of the original image. Image processing, error control coding, and spread spectrum techniques used to conceal the hidden data are described, and the performance of the technique is illustrated. The message embedded by this method can be in the form of text, imagery, or any other digital signal. Applications for such a data-hiding scheme include in-band captioning, hidden communication, image tamperproofing, authentication, invisible map overlays, embedded control, and revision tracking. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Marvel, LM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8821-1 PY 1998 BP 396 EP 398 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BL76C UT WOS:000076643100083 ER PT B AU Walrath, JD AF Walrath, JD GP IEEE IEEE TI Gold plated shovels with rope handles: Cognitive issues in display design and a case for performance testing. SO 1998 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING - PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing CY OCT 04-07, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP IEEE, Signal Proc Soc AB System performance is often described in terms MIPS, MFLOPS, 10 bus speed, etc. However,; these dimensions are not very useful in characterizing: overall system performance when part of the system is not silicon based (e.g., when there is a human user). Thus in wishing to address overall system performance in man-machine systems we must toss the user into the fray. How should this be done? Often, we just ask users how they like the particular configuration. We have, after all, been inculcated with the dictum, "Honor thy user:" and it isn't far from that pronouncement to, "The user knows best. " Thus if the user is happy we carl expect optimal system performance. Or carl we? This paper focuses on the importance of acknowledging general quirky human behavior in the design and evaluation of computer displays. C1 USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Walrath, JD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8821-1 PY 1998 BP 500 EP 504 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BL76C UT WOS:000076643100106 ER PT S AU Halbig, MC Eckel, AJ Cawley, JD AF Halbig, MC Eckel, AJ Cawley, JD BE Bray, D TI Oxygen diffusion and reaction kinetics in continuous fiber ceramic matrix composites SO 22ND ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITES, ADVANCED CERAMICS, MATERIALS, AND STRUCTURES: B SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Conference on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials, and Structures CY JAN 20-24, 1998 CL COCOA BEACH, FL ID OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; CARBON; MECHANISMS AB Previous stressed oxidation tests of C/SiC composites at elevated temperatures (350 degrees C to 1500 degrees C) and sustained stresses (69 MPa and 172 MPa) have led to the development of a finite difference cracked matrix model. The times to failure in the experimentally tested samples suggest oxidation kinetics occurred in two regimes defined by the rate controlling mechanism (i.e. diffusion controlled and reaction controlled kinetics). Microstructural analysis revealed preferential oxidation along as-fabricated, matrix microcracks and also suggested two regimes of oxidation kinetics dependent on the oxidation temperature. Based on experimental results, observation and theory, a finite difference model was developed. The model simulates the diffusion of oxygen into a matrix crack bridged by carbon fibers. The model facilitates the study of the relative importance temperature, the reaction rate constant, and the diffusion coefficient have on the overall oxidation kinetics. C1 USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Halbig, MC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Ctr, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 1998 VL 19 IS 4 BP 143 EP 150 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BN01R UT WOS:000080406400016 ER PT S AU Sutton, J Thompson, R AF Sutton, J Thompson, R GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Multidisciplinary integration: A decision methodology and procedure for instruction SO 28TH ANNUAL FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS-FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Frontiers in Education Conference on Moving from Teacher-Centered to Learner-Centered Education CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL TEMPE, AZ SP IEEE, Educ Soc, IEEE, Comp Soc, ASEE, Educ Res & Methods Div AB Organizations across industry are increasingly using multidisciplinary teams as a common mode of operation. The emphasis on using self-directed crossfunctional work teams has risen from the belief that this method provides better results, shorter decision cycle times, reduced costs, and increased profits. Understanding these benefits, a strategy for team integration was developed. The strategy provides a powerful approach and way of thinking about problem solving in a multidisciplinary environment. The analysis conclusion showed the strategy did assist in the integration and decision processes for student teams of geologists, geophysicists, and petroleum engineers. Integration increased in student presentations and reports. The understanding of sister discipline contributions increased. Conclusions and decisions were supported by increased justification and analysis. The overall results displayed an enhancement of team integration over time. C1 USA, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sutton, J (reprint author), USA, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0190-5848 BN 0-7803-4762-5 J9 PROC FRONT EDUC CONF PY 1998 BP 450 EP 455 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BM16D UT WOS:000077858200106 ER PT S AU Hamilton, AJ Ruocco, AS AF Hamilton, AJ Ruocco, AS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Implementation issues for CS majors and non-majors in a senior CS capstone sequence SO 28TH ANNUAL FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS-FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Frontiers in Education Conference on Moving from Teacher-Centered to Learner-Centered Education CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL TEMPE, AZ SP IEEE, Educ Soc, IEEE, Comp Soc, ASEE, Educ Res & Methods Div AB The United States Military Academy prepares each and every one of its students for professional service as an Army officer The general educational goal is to "enable its graduates to anticipate and to respond effectively to the uncertainties of a changing technological... world." It uses the "Engineer Thought Process" to help meet this general goal. The "Engineer Thought Process" is creative and iterative, as engineering problems tend to be ill defined and open ended. Each student enrolled in the Academy selects a five-course engineering sequence. Students become familiar with analytical and empirical models representing components, systems or processes that are germane to the selected sequence. The final phase of the sequence is a capstone project (typically of semester duration) in which the students must design and implement or prototype a solution to a real world technical problem. In order to comply with the standard Academy curricular model, we are moving to one computer science engineering sequence for not only CS majors, but for our non-majors taking the CS engineering sequence courses. The computer science capstone project requires students to build an extensive software system. This requires a breadth of knowledge in software design principles as well as sufficient depth in a particular programming language and environment. In this sense, students must be well trained in the use of the selected language. Yet, to serve its purpose as a viable system, students must also rake into consideration the software engineering aspects of system development. In other words, the capstone cannot be just a large coding effort nor strictly a design effort. This paper will discuss the role of theory and application in both an applied programming course and the follow-on senior design sequence. Striking the balance between education and training is critical to our success in meeting the needs of the United States Army of the 21st Century. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Hamilton, AJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0190-5848 BN 0-7803-4762-5 J9 PROC FRONT EDUC CONF PY 1998 BP 1012 EP 1015 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BM16D UT WOS:000077858200248 ER PT B AU Sauerborn, GC AF Sauerborn, GC BE Boukerche, A Reynolds, P TI The distributed interactive simulation (DIS) lethality communication server SO 2ND INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON DISTRIBUTED INTERACTIVE SIMULATION AND REAL-TIME APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Distributed Interactive Simulation and Real-Time Applications CY JUL 19-20, 1998 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm on Pattern anal & Machine Intelligence AB A new approach to handling battle simulation lethality is presented. In this approach a single server provides standard DIS damage states to entities fast enough for most real time applications. Benefits include freeing DIS simulations from the burden of maintaining damage state tables, lower DIS pre-exercise preparation, and Easier scenario configuration as a whole. These benefits are realized primarily because efforts to prepare and maintain the vulnerability data pertaining to the exercise are not duplicated. C1 USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Sauerborn, GC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8594-8 PY 1998 BP 82 EP 85 DI 10.1109/DISRTA.1998.694569 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BL38S UT WOS:000075345500009 ER PT B AU Brown, JA AF Brown, JA BE Sanson, LD TI Don't forget to test! SO 32ND ANNUAL 1998 INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 12-14, 1998 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA SP IEEE, Lexington Sect, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Chung Shan Inst Sci & Technol, Natl Chiao Tung Univ AB Oft en times, one of the first aspects of electronic security systems fielding projects to be sacrificed in the name of "cost control" or "schedule constraints" is the final test and checkout of the installed system. This paper presents sound rationale for conducting thorough acceptance testing and points out that the performance of these systems cannot truly be verified without a 100% end-to-end test. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Brown, JA (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4536-3 PY 1998 BP 225 EP 229 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BL81S UT WOS:000076808100037 ER PT B AU Esslinger, JR Evans, RN McNeill, DW AF Esslinger, JR Evans, RN McNeill, DW BE Kliger, HS Rasmussen, BM Pilato, LA Tolle, TB TI Characterization of ambient storage prepreg and uv-enhanced resin systems for use in high performance composite structures SO 43RD INTERNATIONAL SAMPE SYMPOSIUM AND EXHIBITION ON MATERIALS AND PROCESS AFFORDABILITY - KEYS TO THE FUTURE, VOL 43 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Materials and Process Affordability - Keys to the Future CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 1998 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE filament winding; prepregs; pressure vessels AB The Propulsion and Structures Directorate of the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center investigated room temperature storage prepreg and ultraviolet (UV) activated thermosetting resin systems for potential process enhancement and cost savings for filament wound tactical composite motorcases. In the test program, Thiokol TCR prepreg and Loctite Accuset 303 UV Concentrate resins were investigated and compared to traditional wet winding techniques. For each resin system, glass transition temperature (Tg), impregnated tow tensile strength, and delivered hoop strength were determined and compared to a wet wound control group. AMCOM standard three inch diameter pressure vessels were used to investigate processing and were subsequently cured and pressurized until failure. A comparison of tow and pressure vessel data was used to determine delivered hoop strength. The study indicated that both TCR prepreg and Loctite resins have potential for use in tactical motorcases. Processing and performance issues specifically related to composite motorcase technology have been addressed. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Esslinger, JR (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA BN 0-938994-79-4 PY 1998 BP 1630 EP 1638 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BL49K UT WOS:000075698500157 ER PT B AU Chasen, A Sawyer, M Popham, S AF Chasen, A Sawyer, M Popham, S BE Montori, A Lirici, MM Montori, J TI Laparoscopic placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters with primary omentectomy reduces the risk of omental catheter occlusion SO 6TH WORLD CONGRESS OF ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY, PTS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Congress of Endoscopic Surgery CY JUN 03-06, 1998 CL ROME, ITALY SP European Assoc Endoscop Surg AB If continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) catheter lifespan could be reliably and effectively increased, fewer patients would switch to hemodialysis. We compared six patients who underwent standard open CAPD placement verses six patients who underwent laparoscopic placement with omentectomy if indicated, We found that laparoscopic placement with omentectomy significantly decreases the incidence of omental occlusion, Previous authors have reported similar findings in comparing open omentectomy to open placement without omentectomy. Laparoscopic technique facillitates omentectomy, and is the procedure of choice for CAPD catheter placement. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Chasen, A (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-323-0603-0 PY 1998 BP A287 EP A290 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA BL71V UT WOS:000076427100186 ER PT S AU Howard, R Jansen, BJ AF Howard, R Jansen, BJ BE Makki, K Chlamtac, I Pissinou, N TI A proxy server experiment: An indication of the changing nature of the Web SO 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS - PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks CY OCT 12-15, 1998 CL LAFAYETTE, LA SP NASA, BellSouth, IEEE, Commun Soc, USA, Army Res Lab AB With the growing reliance on connectivity to the World-Wide Web (Web), many organizations have been experiencing trouble servicing their users with adequate access and response time. Increase bandwidth on more connections to Web can relieve the access problem, but this approach may not decrease the access time. Additionally, increase bandwidth comes at greatly increased cost. Therefore, many organizations have turned to the use of proxy sewers. A proxy server is a Web sewer that caches Internet resources for re-use by a set of client machines. The performance increases of proxy servers has been widely reported; however, we could not locate any recent test of proxy server performance. Given the exponential growth of the Web in just the last year, we wondered if this would have an effect on the performance of proxy servers. Therefore, we conducted a 14-day proxy sewer experiment. The results of our experiment showed that the proxy sewers actually decreased performance, i.e. access time. We review this experiment, analyze why the proxy sever failed to decrease access time, and draw conclusions on the changing nature of the Web and its impact on proxy servers. C1 US Mil Acad, Directorate Informat Management, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Howard, R (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Directorate Informat Management, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1095-2055 BN 0-8186-9014-3 J9 IEEE IC COMP COM NET PY 1998 BP 646 EP 649 DI 10.1109/ICCCN.1998.998824 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BL97V UT WOS:000077336300083 ER PT S AU Thompson, DR Bilbro, GL AF Thompson, DR Bilbro, GL BE Makki, K Chlamtac, I Pissinou, N TI Comparison of two Swap Heuristics with a Genetic Algorithm for the Design of an ATM Network SO 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS - PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks CY OCT 12-15, 1998 CL LAFAYETTE, LA SP NASA, BellSouth, IEEE, Commun Soc, USA, Army Res Lab AB The challenge of a network topology design is to provide a configuration with minimum cost given specified constraints. Network topology design is NP-hard [1] and known algorithms to solve these problems run in time that increases exponentially with the number of choices. The economic importance cf determining the placement of switches in an ATM network justifies heuristic methods to find a good configuration within a reasonable amount of time. In this paper, two types of heuristic algorithms are compared. The first algorithm is based on swapping used switch locations with unused switch locations. The second algorithm is a genetic algorithm. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, CEWES, IM C, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Thompson, DR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, CEWES, IM C, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1095-2055 BN 0-8186-9014-3 J9 IEEE IC COMP COM NET PY 1998 BP 833 EP 837 DI 10.1109/ICCCN.1998.998850 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BL97V UT WOS:000077336300109 ER PT J AU Pittman, DW Ragan, SA AF Pittman, DW Ragan, SA TI Drying shrinkage of roller-compacted concrete for pavement applications SO ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aggregate grading; concrete pavement cracking; drying shrinkage; optimum moisture content; roller-compacted concrete pavements AB This paper reports the results of a laboratory investigation of the drying shrinkage of roller-compacted concrete for pavement applications. The aggregate grading and moisture content of nine RCC mixtures were varied, and the drying shrinkage measured according to the procedures described in ASTM C 157, with some modifications. The 28-day drying shrinkage results of the mixtures ranged from 8 to 33 x 10(-5), with an overall average of 15 x 10(-5) The combined effects of moisture content and aggregate grading on the drying shrinkage were statistically significant, while the individual effects of moisture content or aggregate grading were not statistically significant. A regression model for predicting the 28-day drying shrinkage of RCC from the relative aggregate grading and moisture content was developed from the data, with a multiple correlation coefficient of 67 percent. The ACI Committee 209 model for predicting the drying shrinkage of concrete with time compared favourably with the RCC drying shrinkage data. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Pavement Syst Div, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Brown & Root Inc, Houston, TX USA. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Struct Lab, Engn Mech Branch, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Pittman, DW (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CONCRETE INST PI FARMINGTON HILLS PA 38800 INTERNATIONAL WAY, COUNTRY CLUB DRIVE, PO BOX 9094, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48333-9094 USA SN 0889-325X J9 ACI MATER J JI ACI Mater. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 95 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA YX653 UT WOS:000072062800003 ER PT S AU Litynski, DM Shoop, B Hall, D Das, P DeCusatis, C AF Litynski, DM Shoop, B Hall, D Das, P DeCusatis, C BE Sliwinski, A Linde, BBJ Kwiek, P TI Optical implementation of the wavelet transform using smart pixels SO ACOUSTO-OPTICS AND APPLICATIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Spring School on Acousto-Optics and its Applications / 3rd Advances in Acousto-Optics Symposium CY MAY 18-22, 1998 CL GDANSK JURATA, POLAND SP Univ Gdansk, Inst Exptl Phys, Polish Acoust Soc, Gdansk Div, Minist Educ, Polish Comm Sci Res, Polish Acad Sci, Comm Acoust, Polish Acoust Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, SPIE Poland Chapter DE wavelet transform; smart pixel; acousto-optic; correlator; signal processing ID PATTERN RECOGNITION AB Wavelet transforms have found many practical applications in signal processing, including image processing, pattern recognition, and feature extraction. Since the wavelet transform is fundamentally given by the correlation of an input signal with a family of daughter wavelets, any real-time correlator can be used to implement the wavelet transform. Optical correlators are particularly well suited to this application, since the wavelet transform of a one-dimensional signal produces a two-dimensional wavelet transform. In this paper, we discuss implementations of the wavelet transform using acousto-optic correlators and smart pixels as spatial light modulators. Smart pixels integrate both electronic processing and optical devices in a two-dimensional array, which takes full advantage of the programmability of electronics and the parallel processing of optical devices. We describe a specific smart pixel implementation consisting of analog liquid crystal integrated on silicon 2.0-mu m CMOS circuitry; and present experimental results of the wavelet transform implementation. An acousto-optic architecture for real-time wavelet correlators using this device will also be presented. C1 US Mil Acad, EE&CS Dept, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Litynski, DM (reprint author), US Mil Acad, EE&CS Dept, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3048-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3581 BP 188 EP 195 DI 10.1117/12.330473 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Optics; Physics GA BM46K UT WOS:000078815700021 ER PT J AU Bowden, CM Pethel, SD Rosenberger, AT Sung, CC AF Bowden, CM Pethel, SD Rosenberger, AT Sung, CC TI Quantum-classical correspondence in intense laser field-atom interactions SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Quantum Optics IV CY JUN 17-24, 1997 CL JASZOWIEC, POLAND ID HIGH-FREQUENCY; RYDBERG ATOMS; STABILIZATION; DYNAMICS; PHOTOIONIZATION; SUPERINTENSE; IONIZATION; STABILITY AB High-field ionization suppression in a classical Kepler ensemble is discussed in terms of optimization with respect to pulse turn-on rate as well as pre-pulse preparation. It is argued that high-field ionization suppression is best understood in terms of reduced probability of ionization for pulsed fields, whereas for a quasi-steady field, high-field ionization suppression implies a reduced ionization rate at higher intensities. The classical ensemble is used to calculate the high-field ionization rate of a one-dimensional atomic model using a Gaussian short-range potential and the results are compared with high-frequency Floquet theory results recently reported by other authors. Better than qualitative agreement is found and the results are compared and discussed in terms of quantum superposition and classical interference. Finally, high-field ionization suppression is discussed in relation to statistical relative stability of classical orbits of the ensemble, and classical interference for both short-and long-range potentials. Correspondence with quantum superposition is interpreted in relation to quantum-classical correspondence. C1 USA, Missile Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, AMSMI RD WS ST,Weapons Sci Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Laser & Photon Res, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Bowden, CM (reprint author), USA, Missile Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, AMSMI RD WS ST,Weapons Sci Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI WARSAW PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, 02-668 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0587-4246 J9 ACTA PHYS POL A JI Acta Phys. Pol. A PD JAN PY 1998 VL 93 IS 1 BP 31 EP 43 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YU318 UT WOS:000071705300004 ER PT B AU Dutta, PK AF Dutta, PK BE Haddad, YM TI Thermo-mechanical behavior of polymer composites SO ADVANCED MULTILAYERED AND FIBRE-REINFORCED COMPOSITES SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 3, HIGH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Multilayered and Fibre-Reinforced Composites - Problems and Prospects CY JUN 02-06, 1997 CL KIEV, UKRAINE SP NATO AB In polymer composites high elastic modulus fibers are incorporated into a lower elastic modulus matrix to achieve structural reinforcement. Most common fibers are E-glass, carbon or graphite, and aramids (kevlar). Typically the elastic modulus and strength of these fibers are of a magnitude higher than the polymer matrix in which these fibers are embedded The essential quality of a good composite is that the bond between the fiber and the matrix is well established and is continuous both around the fiber and its length. Thus, a good composite's performance essentially depends on the interfacial bond quality. When a load is applied in the direction of the fiber orientation of the composite, the load is shared both by the fiber and the polymer matrix The ratio of this load share depends on the relative elastic modulus of the fiber and the matrix However, the elastic modulus of the polymer matrix is significantly influenced by the temperature. At lower temperature the modulus of elasticity increases considerably, and thus it is expected that load sharing between the fibers and the matrix would also change, another significant aspect of the temperature variation in polymer composites is related to the development of internal stresses. The typical fibers of polymer composites have extremely low thermal expansion coefficients (TEC), wheras, polymers have thermal expansion coefficients which are almost an order of magnitude higher. Thus, when the composites are cooled, the fibers do not shrink as much as the polymer matrix would tend to shrink, but because of the continuous interfacial bond with the fiber the matrix only shrinks as much as the fiber shrinks. Nevertheless, the matrix is stretched, and in the fiber direction, develops internal tensile stress and interfacial shear stress Cooling also develops hoop stresses and radial stresses around the fiber and thus changes the clamping stress. The clamping stress controls the fracture behavior or crack development and propagation both across and along the fiber direction of unidirectional composites. More complex stresses are developed when the composites are constructed as laminates with each lamina (layers of fibers) having fiber orientations different from the adjacent ones. A large amount of experimental investigations on the effects of temperature on mechanical and fracture behavior of composites including strength, modulus, toughness, failure mode, as well as damage tolerance, have been reported in literature which have primarily aimed towards high temperature behavior, however very little work has been done on mechanism and mechanics of behavior and failure at low temperature. The purpose of this paper will be to briefly discuss on the micromechanical aspects of the low temperature responses expected from the polymer composites. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Dutta, PK (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4911-3 J9 NATO ASI 3 HIGH TECH PY 1998 VL 43 BP 541 EP 554 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BL22N UT WOS:000074752700037 ER PT S AU Ballato, A AF Ballato, A BE Nair, KM Bhalla, AS TI Historical development of piezoelectric materials and applications SO ADVANCES IN DIELECTRIC CERAMIC MATERIALS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Dielectric Ceramics - Processing, Properties, and Applications at the 99th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 05-07, 1997 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Piezoelectricity was discovered by the brothers Curie in 1880. The piezoelectric effect remained a curiosity until the early 1920s when it was used to realize crystal oscillators. Since then, materials development has made it possible for devices based on this effect to expand dramatically in application. One of the most appealing aspects of piezoelectricity for modern applications is the compelling immediacy and simplicity of the transduction mechanism. A rapidly burgeoning area is the integral incorporation of mechanical actuation and sensing onto electronic chips. These micro-electro-mechanical structures promise signal sensing, processing, and outputting features unattainable by exclusively electronic or photonic means. We present a discussion of this most interesting effect, its history, and particularly the development of piezoelectric materials, with some modern and futuristic applications. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Ballato, A (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-033-5 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1998 VL 88 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BL07Z UT WOS:000074200800001 ER PT S AU Swim, CR Fox, JA AF Swim, CR Fox, JA BE Narayanan, RM Kalshoven, JE TI Tunable UV and compact 2-12 micron laser development SO ADVANCES IN LASER REMOTE SENSING FOR TERRESTRIAL AND HYDROGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Laser Remote Sensing for Terrestrial and Hydrographic Applications CY APR 13-14, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE compact; tunable; 2-12 micron; UV; solid-state; laser; lidar; LIF; standoff; detection AB The Edgewood Research, Development, and Engineering Center (ERDEC) within the Chemical and Biological Defense Command (CBDCOM) is the Army's principal R&D center for chemical and biological defense technology, engineering, and service. ERDEC has been developing tunable 9-11 micron CO2 lidar systems for remote sensing of chemical agents for many years. However, due to the extended range requirements for conventional missions such as fixed site defense and reconnaissance, these systems are relatively large. Smaller, even handheld, standoff detection lidar systems would be useful for the individual warfighter or for decontamination efforts, as well as for numerous environmental monitoring applications. Lidar modeling calculations have been performed for such a system at the Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate, (NVESD) the Army's lead laboratory for low energy lasers. The modeling indicates that fewer than 5 mJ of solid-state laser pulse energy would achieve the required detection sensitivity criteria for standoff chemical agent detection at ranges of several kilometers. This result coupled with recent advances in solid-state laser and frequency conversion technologies allow for extremely compact, tunable lasers and lidars to be produced which are suitable for a handheld standoff detection device. ERDEC has therefore begun an effort in development of compact 2-12 micron lasers and lidars. Three different approaches are being investigated and will be described. A review of completed efforts in tunable UV laser source development for remote sensing of biological agents via laser induced fluorescence (LIF) will also be presented. C1 USA, Edgewood Res & Dev & Engn Ctr, APG, MD USA. RP Swim, CR (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Res & Dev & Engn Ctr, APG, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2831-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3382 BP 68 EP 77 DI 10.1117/12.312630 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BL36P UT WOS:000075291200007 ER PT S AU Rice, VJ Sharp, MA Williamson, TL Nindl, BC AF Rice, VJ Sharp, MA Williamson, TL Nindl, BC BE Kumar, S TI Weight estimation: The effects of gender, lift height, direction, and load with non-naive subjects SO ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY, VOL 2 SE ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth Annual International Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Conference CY JUN 11-14, 1998 CL YPSILANTI, MI AB Men and women underestimate tilt: load during lift/lower tasks that require the least effort (Rice, et al., 1992). However, studies conducted to date have involved participants who had little or no experience with weight lifting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of gender, lift height, direction (lift/lower), and load on the ability to correctly estimate weight handled by non-naive volunteers. Twelve female and nine male volunteers lifted and lowered boxes to and from knuckle, waist, and shoulder heights. Subjects were asked to estimate weights corresponding to 50, 40, 30, and 20% of their lifting strength to 132 cm. The order of lifts was randomized. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures were performed on dependent variables. Newman-Keuls Comparison of Means was used to examine significant interactions. A Chi-square was used to determine: whether under- or over-estimation occurred at greater than random frequency, and whether gender affected the frequency of under- or over-estimation. Women's estimates were closer to the actual load (9.8 lbs.) than were men's (17.5 lbs.) (F = 14.6, p = 0.001). Estimates were more accurate during lifting than lowering (14 vs. 12 lbs.; F = 8.47, p = 0.009) and at shoulder height compared with waist and knuckle height (12.1, 13.6, 13.6 lbs. respectively; F = 4.26, p = 0.01). The least accurate estimations were for men lowering boxes (F = 7.58, p < 0.01) and for men working at knuckle and waist heights (F = 3.88, p < 0.01). Both men and women tended to underestimate the load (88% of the time) and men underestimated more frequently (96% of the time) than did women (80% of the time)(Chi(2) = 21.0, p < 0.000). The frequency of over vs, underestimation was not different for lift direction, height, or load. The results support earlier research using inexperienced lifters. The least accurate estimates occurred while lowering objects and when lowering objects from the shortest two heights. C1 USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Rice, VJ (reprint author), USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-2269 BN 90-5199-393-5 J9 ADV OCCUP ERGO SAF PY 1998 VL 2 BP 320 EP 323 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation GA BL57P UT WOS:000075917700076 ER PT S AU Rice, VJ Williamson, TL Sharp, M AF Rice, VJ Williamson, TL Sharp, M BE Kumar, S TI Using anthropometry and strength values to predict grip strength SO ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY, VOL 2 SE ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth Annual International Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Conference CY JUN 11-14, 1998 CL YPSILANTI, MI AB The purpose of this pilot study was to examine how 20 anthropometric and four strength measures relate to three hand-grip strengths in men and women. The hand-grip strength of 12 men and 11 women, ranging in age from 18 to 31 years, was evaluated using three different sets of instruction for force exertion: 1) quick build-up to peak force followed by sustained maximal effort, 2) immediate maximal exertion followed by relaxation and, 3) slow build-up to peak force followed by sustained maximal effort. Anthropometric measures were taken on each of the subjects and included height, weight, percent body fat, fat free mass, age, trochanteric height, and the following lengths: acromion-dactylion, shoulder-elbow, radial-styloid, elbow to grip, hand, palm, handbreadth, first finger, and first phalanx. Hand circumference, fist circumference. grip diameter, forearm circumference-flexed, and forearm circumference-relaxed were also measured. Strength measures included 38cm upright pull, bench press, dead lift, and incremental dynamic lift. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients compared independent variables and forward stepwise multiple regression analyses wan used for predictions. For the grip strength procedure using a quick build-up, the best predictor was forearm circumference-flexed (r(2) = 0.80, p < 0.01). Grip strength testing using an immediate: maximal exertion, followed by immediate relaxation, revealed forearm circumference-relaxed and the incremental dynamic lift as the best predictors (r(2) = 0.84, p < 0.01). The dead lift was the best predictor (r2 = 0.78, p < 0.01) for grip strength using a slow build-up of force. Although the number of subjects used was small, the results indicate potential use of forearm circumference to predict grip strength. The predictive value is likely due to the forearm housing the following hand flexor muscles: flexor carpi,ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor carpi radialis and tilt: flexor retinaculum. C1 USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Rice, VJ (reprint author), USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-2269 BN 90-5199-393-5 J9 ADV OCCUP ERGO SAF PY 1998 VL 2 BP 378 EP 381 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation GA BL57P UT WOS:000075917700090 ER PT S AU Cutler, AL AF Cutler, AL BE Kumar, S TI Registering discomfort: Ergonomic assessment of a defense agency checkstand SO ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY, VOL 2 SE ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth Annual International Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Conference CY JUN 11-14, 1998 CL YPSILANTI, MI AB An ergonomics team from the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Medicine performed an ergonomics assessment of a new defense commissary checkstand. One of the objectives was to determine the risk of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders among cashiers. The checkstand was designed without considering the anthropometrics, expectations concerning audio feedback and equipment controls, and workpace control needs of the user population. Taller cashiers worked with their necks and backs in awkward postures. The team suggested adjustable sit-stand stools to accommodate taller cashiers and to reduce back and leg strain due to long periods of standing. Cashiers often double-scanned items unnecessarily due to delays in audio feedback(beeps). The ergonomics team suggested real-time audio feedback with a volume control to discourage excessive scans. The global user interface design of the computer software forced cashiers to navigate and scroll through excessive screens to reach crucial product information. The team suggested screen shortcuts to encourage keying as an alternative to hand-scanning heavy items and encouraged prototype design testing with samples of the user population. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Cutler, AL (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-2269 BN 90-5199-393-5 J9 ADV OCCUP ERGO SAF PY 1998 VL 2 BP 691 EP 694 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation GA BL57P UT WOS:000075917700165 ER PT S AU Chervak, SG AF Chervak, SG BE Kumar, S TI Evaluation of US Army prototype equipment: Simulated warfare detection vest SO ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY, VOL 2 SE ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth Annual International Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Conference CY JUN 11-14, 1998 CL YPSILANTI, MI AB Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System (MILES) is a family of low-power, eye-safe, laser-based devices that simulate the casualty-producing effects of several direct-fire weapons. It is used to support realistic force-on-force warfare simulation training. The MILES Personnel Detection Device (PDD) is an instrumented vest worn by troops during training exercises that registers a hit if the wearer of the vest is shot by a MILES device. This study performed an ergonomic health hazard assessment (HHA) of the MILES PDD to determine its effect on soldier performance, comfort, and morale. The results of the HHA included numerical ratings of the overall comfort of the MILES PDD, a summary of the soldiers' comments, and field observations. The soldiers comments and results of the numerical ratings showed that the MILES PDD caused discomfort in the shoulderineck area as well as the back and torso. The discomfort caused by the MILES PDD, along with the uneven distribution of its weight makes it difficult for soldiers to perform required tasks. Besides the discomfort factor, field observations revealed awkward postures associated with wearing the MILES PDD. Short- and long-term recommendations to improve the design of the MILES PDD were made following review of the HHA data and field observations. Recommendations include; reducing and repositioning the weight of the MILES PDD for a more even distribution of weight along the musculoskeletal system, reconfiguring nonessential equipment to reduce injury probability, and modifying the design to include more appropriate padding to enhance comfort. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Chervak, SG (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-2269 BN 90-5199-393-5 J9 ADV OCCUP ERGO SAF PY 1998 VL 2 BP 695 EP 698 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation GA BL57P UT WOS:000075917700166 ER PT S AU Knapik, JJ de Pontbraind, RJ Harper, W Tauson, R Swoboda, J Doss, W AF Knapik, JJ de Pontbraind, RJ Harper, W Tauson, R Swoboda, J Doss, W BE Kumar, S TI Feasibility of task analysis and redesign for reducing physical demands in the US Army SO ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY, VOL 2 SE ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth Annual International Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Conference CY JUN 11-14, 1998 CL YPSILANTI, MI AB Heavy physical demands characterize a large number of U.S. Army military occupational specialities (MOS). About 45% of the Army's 277 MOS require at least occasional lifting of 100 pounds or more and frequent lifting of 50 pounds or more. In an effort to reduce these physical requirements we developed and tested an Army-specific ergonomic task analysis and redesign procedure. Five MOS were selected for this feasibility project: Food Service Specialist, Medical Specialist, Motor Transport Operator, Track Vehicle Mechanic, and Chemical Operations Specialist. Literature review, numerous pilot investigations, and professional experience produced a multiphase process involving: 1) review of military publications describing specific occupational tasks, 2) a questionnaire and structured interview with 5 junior and 5 senior soldiers working in the MOS, and 3) filming of tasks identified in the first two phases. Contact with military schools responsible for the MOS, project managers (individuals responsible for specific pieces of equipment or projects), or military construction (agencies responsible for new buildings) was found useful at all phases of the process. Potential redesign solutions could also be identified at all phases with soldiers themselves an especially good source of ideas. The feasibility of the potential redesigns were discussed with the schools, project managers, or military construction personnel, and specific solutions were targeted for testing in a usability analysis. In one usability analysis, we identified and improved upon stretcher carrying methods by moving the stretcher load from the small muscle mass of the hands and forearms to the larger muscle mass of the shoulders and hips. Stretcher carriage time was extended 9.4-fold and soldiers' subjective impression of effort reduced. These and other redesigns proven to reduce physical demands could be implemented through the appropriate agencies, usually the schools. Not all physically demanding tasks appear amenable to change and most redesigns did not totally remove the physical burden from the soldier. However, the paradigm developed here allowed identification of the most demanding tasks, some potential redesigns, and targeted solutions with the greatest chance of reducing the soldiers' physical effort. C1 USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Knapik, JJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-2269 BN 90-5199-393-5 J9 ADV OCCUP ERGO SAF PY 1998 VL 2 BP 699 EP 702 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation GA BL57P UT WOS:000075917700167 ER PT S AU Ching, CR AF Ching, CR BE Kumar, S TI Development of a data collection system for a pen-based computer SO ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY, VOL 2 SE ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth Annual International Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Conference CY JUN 11-14, 1998 CL YPSILANTI, MI AB To facilitate the recording of survey information, an ergonomics team from the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine developed a data collection system for use with a pen-based computer. The team had to evaluate video display terminal workstations at U.S. Army installations in Belgium and determine compliance with a Belgian Royal Decree. In addition to the Decree, the team used International Standards Organization and European Economic Community standards to develop evaluation criteria. The survey involved three pen-based computers, each running the same software program. The team wrote a data collection program with the interface designed to take advantage of pen-based computer features. Five evaluators received training in the use of the pen-based computers. Evaluators entered information, such as features of the individual workstation and environment, and recorded non-neutral postures. The system gave immediate feedback acid "quick-fix" recommendations for each workstation. Using three pen-based computer systems, the team evaluated 340 workstations within a 15-day period with each survey lasting approximately 15 minutes. The team downloaded survey results from each pen-based computer to create one large data base for analysis. The data collection system was efficient and easy to use. The team plans to modify or customize the program for use in any field survey application. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Ching, CR (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-2269 BN 90-5199-393-5 J9 ADV OCCUP ERGO SAF PY 1998 VL 2 BP 703 EP 706 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation GA BL57P UT WOS:000075917700168 ER PT S AU Canham, ML Knapik, JJ Smutok, MA Jones, BH AF Canham, ML Knapik, JJ Smutok, MA Jones, BH BE Kumar, S TI Training, physical performance, and injuries among men and women preparing for occupations in the Army SO ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY, VOL 2 SE ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth Annual International Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Conference CY JUN 11-14, 1998 CL YPSILANTI, MI AB Preparation for military occupations requires vigorous physical training. Injuries sustained during this training are of concern to the military because of their frequency and the associated loss of training time. This investigation looked, for the first time, at injury rates in gender-integrated Army basic training units. Medical records and fitness test scores were obtained for 250 trainees (155 men, 95 women). Female trainees in their seventh week of the 8-week training period experienced an injury risk 1.6 times greater than the risk for male trainees (55.8% vs. 34.8%, p=0.001). Further analysis revealed that injury risk increased with decreasing aerobic fitness las measured by pre-training two-mile run times). When compared to faster male recruits, slower male recruits had a higher overall injury incidence (50.0% vs. 25.6%; Risk ratio(RR), slow vs. fast=2.0, p=0.03) and stress fracture incidence (9.2% vs. 1.3%; RR, slow vs. fast=7.3, p=0.03). Slower women also experienced a higher incidence of stress fracture (25.5% vs. 10.4%; RR, slow vs. fast=2.5, p=0.05). When the risk of injury among men and women of equivalent aerobic fitness levels were compared, their risks of injury were similar (RR women vs. men=1.6, p=0.7). This result indicates that the higher injury rates observed among women were not associated with gender alone; rather, aerobic fitness may be a key predictor of injury risk. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Canham, ML (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-2269 BN 90-5199-393-5 J9 ADV OCCUP ERGO SAF PY 1998 VL 2 BP 711 EP 714 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation GA BL57P UT WOS:000075917700170 ER PT S AU Haas, EC AF Haas, EC BE Kumar, S TI Utilizing 3-D auditory displays to enhance safety in systems with multiple radio communications SO ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY, VOL 2 SE ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth Annual International Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Conference CY JUN 11-14, 1998 CL YPSILANTI, MI AB The enhancement of multiple radio communications can be an important system safety consideration A study was conducted to determine how accurately helicopter pilots could process multiple radio communications information in a simulated cockpit environment when the messages were presented under three different presentation modes (diotic [monaural], dichotic [stereo], and three-dimensional (3-D) audio), and with a different number of simultaneous talkers (one, two or three). Subjects were 12 U.S. Army pilots between the ages of 18 and 35 who possessed hearing and visual acuity within thresholds acceptable to the U.S. Army. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated all main effects and their interaction were significant. As the number of simultaneous talkers increased,pilots using 3-D audio displays obtained the greatest number of statistically significant correctly identified radio communications. The data imply that 3-D audio provides a safe and effective mode of message presentation in systems with multiple radio communications. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Haas, EC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Bldg 520, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-2269 BN 90-5199-393-5 J9 ADV OCCUP ERGO SAF PY 1998 VL 2 BP 715 EP 718 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation GA BL57P UT WOS:000075917700171 ER PT S AU Pentikis, J AF Pentikis, J BE Kumar, S TI Ergonomic issues in dentistry, the US Army perspective SO ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY, VOL 2 SE ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth Annual International Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Conference CY JUN 11-14, 1998 CL YPSILANTI, MI AB The health focus care at U.S. Army dental clinics is to provide the patient with a comfortable environment when a dental procedure is performed. However, little consideration has been given to the comfort of the dental provider performing a procedure. This has resulted in documented injuries to dental providers at a U.S. Army dental clinic. U.S. Army ergonomists have taken a three-step approach in resolving this problem. First, management was asked to endorse the idea of providing ergonomics training to dentists and dental hygienists. Second, human performance training in dentistry was offered to dental care providers so they could learn about working in neutral postures. Additional training addressed the value of patient scheduling and rest breaks. Finally, U.S. Army ergonomists offered their services to the U.S. Air Force Dental Investigative Service, which performs testing of all dental equipment used by the Department of Defense. This partnership will help to ensure that the equipment purchased for the dental clinics will offer appropriate support for the dentist and dental hygienist while they perform their duties. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Pentikis, J (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-2269 BN 90-5199-393-5 J9 ADV OCCUP ERGO SAF PY 1998 VL 2 BP 727 EP 730 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Rehabilitation GA BL57P UT WOS:000075917700174 ER PT B AU Fagot, KJ Barbe, DE AF Fagot, KJ Barbe, DE BE Smith, JW TI Freshwater diversions in the lower Mississippi River SO AFTER THE RAIN HAS FALLEN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Water Resources Engineering Conference on Water Resources Development and Protection CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, W Tennessee Branch, Univ Memphis, Ground Water Inst, US Geol Survey AB This paper presents the development, calibration, and use of a model to analyze the effects of freshwater diversion. The study area includes the Mississippi River from Tarbert Landing, Mississippi, located at mile 306 above Head of Passes (AHP), just downstream of the control structure at Old River, to the Gulf of Mexico by way of Southwest Pass. In order to determine the extent of the riverine effects, a HEC-6 numerical model was developed. HEC-6 is a numerical model used to predict changes in river profiles due to deposition and scour over a period of time. Two modifications to the HEC-6 code were necessary in order to accurately reflect the actual processes occurring in the Mississippi River. First, an option for the reintroduction of dredged material back into the system was added. The other modification was an increase in the number of available local inflow/outflow points from nine to nineteen. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Fagot, KJ (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, New Orleans Dist, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0362-7 PY 1998 BP 223 EP 228 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BL59T UT WOS:000075967000037 ER PT J AU Hebert, MA Evenson, AR Lumley, LA Meyerhoff, JL AF Hebert, MA Evenson, AR Lumley, LA Meyerhoff, JL TI Effects of acute social defeat on activity in the forced swim test: Parametric studies in DBA/2 mice using a novel measurement device SO AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID DEPRESSION; ANALGESIA; STRESSOR; BEHAVIOR; MODEL; NOCICEPTION; TOLERANCE; NALOXONE; STRAIN; DRUGS AB In the early stages of an agonistic encounter between mice, the loser of the conflict initially exhibits pronounced flight and escape attempts. When exposure to attack is prolonged, however, defeated mice display a decrease in these active defenses and become increasingly passive. The generality of such defeat-induced passivity was investigated in the present study by examining acutely defeated mice in the forced swim test, a nonsocial but threatening environment that normally engenders high levels of escape behavior. In the present experimental model, highly aggressive male C57BL/6 mice were used to defeat smaller male intruders of the DBA/2 strain in a series of brief (2-min) encounters spaced 2 min apart. In Experiment 1, DBA/2 mice were administered four defeat encounters and were then given a 10-min swim test following a postdefeat delay of 0, 30, or 60 min. Activity in the swim test was determined both by a novel, automated device that detected movement-induced perturbations in the water medium via infrared beam interruptions and by the standard observational measurement of percent time immobile. Both activity measures indicated a significant suppression effect of defeat on swim activity, the magnitude of which declined steadily as the delay between the defeat encounters and the swim test increased. In Experiment 2, DBA/2 mice experienced zero, one, two, three, or four defeat encounters spaced 2 min apart and were administered the swim test 30 min following the last defeat encounter. Activity in the swim test decreased as the number of defeat encounters increased. The present findings suggest that defeat-induced passivity in mice is of a global nature, persisting in other threatening environments in which high levels of escape activity would normally be observed. Similarities between the parameters of the present phenomenon and those of opioid-mediated defeat analgesia are discussed. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Hawaii, Bekesy Lab Neurobiol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Hebert, MA (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Bekesy Lab Neurobiol, 1993 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0096-140X J9 AGGRESSIVE BEHAV JI Aggressive Behav. PY 1998 VL 24 IS 4 BP 257 EP 269 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2337(1998)24:4<257::AID-AB2>3.0.CO;2-G PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology GA 104KH UT WOS:000075013100002 ER PT B AU Anderton, GL AF Anderton, GL BE McNerney, MT TI The resin modified pavement system: A new pavement surfacing technology SO AIRPORT FACILITIES: INNOVATIONS FOR THE NEXT CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Air Transportation Conference CY JUN 14-17, 1998 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Air Transportat Div AB The resin modified pavement (RMP) is a new composite paving material consisting of a thin layer of open-graded asphalt concrete (AC) whose internal voids are filled with a latex rubber-modified portland cement grout. The RMP material resists damage from rutting and fuel spillage, is easy to construct, requires no joints, and generally costs much less than portland cement concrete (PCC) to construct and maintain. RMP offers a unique pavement surfacing alternative for airport taxiways, aprons, fuel storage areas, and service roads. This paper provides a general description of the RMP material, design procedure and construction process. Past civil airport and military airfield applications are discussed to provide a historical perspective. Finally, discussions of the RMP's future relative to air transportation are presented at the conclusion of the paper. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Anderton, GL (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0351-1 PY 1998 BP 325 EP 342 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation SC Engineering; Transportation GA BM49D UT WOS:000078896000023 ER PT B AU Newman, JK AF Newman, JK BE McNerney, MT TI Heavy-duty asphalt mixture design: A comparison of SHRP and Marshall designed mixtures using SHRP performance-related testing SO AIRPORT FACILITIES: INNOVATIONS FOR THE NEXT CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Air Transportation Conference CY JUN 14-17, 1998 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Air Transportat Div AB A comparison of performance-related asphalt mixture properties between a 75 blow Marshall mix designed according to FAA P401 and a SHRP mix designed for <39 degrees C and greater than or equal to 1 x 10(8) 18 kN equivalent single axle loads was conducted. The aggregate used was a high quality 100% crushed Alabama limestone. Two asphalt types were employed, a traditional AC-IO and AC-30 viscosity grade that were SHRP graded as a PG58-34 and PG64-22, respectively. For the SHRP mixtures, both the FAA and SHRP aggregate gradations were compacted to an N-design=143 revolutions on the SHRP gyratory compactor. Only the FAA gradation was compacted with the Marshall hammer. Mixture samples for performance-related testing were cored or sawed from ingots prepared by rolling wheel compaction. Specimens were tested for shear properties by the Repeated Simple Shear Test at Constant Height, for fatigue properties by the Flexural Beam Fatigue Test, and thermal properties by the Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test. The results of the shear testing indicated no statistical differences between SHRP and Marshall mixture designs for any of the mixtures. The fatigue testing indicated a significant difference between the two asphalt types with the softer asphalt (AC-10 or PG58-34) having longer fatigue life for the SHRP design with the SHRP aggregate blend. The thermal testing was problematic resulting in a limited data set from which no conclusions could be drawn. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Airfields & Pavements Div, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Newman, JK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Airfields & Pavements Div, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0351-1 PY 1998 BP 353 EP 367 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation SC Engineering; Transportation GA BM49D UT WOS:000078896000025 ER PT S AU Wang, LC Der, S Nasrabadi, NM Rizvi, SA AF Wang, LC Der, S Nasrabadi, NM Rizvi, SA BE Javidi, B Psaltis, D TI Automatic target recognition using neural networks SO ALGORITHMS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS FOR OPTICAL INFORMATION PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms, Devices, and Systems for Optical Information Processing CY JUL 20-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE FLIR imagery; learning decomposition; object recognition; classifier fusion ID MULTIPLE CLASSIFIERS; COMBINATION AB Composite classifiers that are constructed by combining a number of component classifiers have been designed and evaluated on the problem of automatic target recognition (ATR) using fora ard-looking infrared (FLIR) imagery. Two existing classifiers, one based on learning vector quantization and the other on modular neural networks, are used as the building blocks for our composite classifiers. A number of classifier fusion algorithms are analyzed. These algorithms combine the outputs of all the component classifiers and classifier selection algorithms, which use a cascade architecture that relies on a subset of the component classifiers. Each composite classifier is implemented and tested on a large data set of real FLIR images. The performances of the proposed composite classifiers are compared based on their classification ability and computational complexity. It is demonstrated that the composite classifier based on a cascade architecture greatly reduces computational complexity with a statistically insignificant decrease in performance in comparison to standard classifier fusion algorithms. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE SE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wang, LC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE SE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2921-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3466 BP 278 EP 289 DI 10.1117/12.326795 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BM32V UT WOS:000078393800027 ER PT S AU Ifarraguerri, A Chang, CI AF Ifarraguerri, A Chang, CI BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Projection pursuit analysis of hyperspectral scenes SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL AND HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imagery IV CY APR 13-14, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE Projection Pursuit; hyperspectral image; Principal Components Analysis; HYDICE AB Principal Components Analysis is very effective at compressing information in multivariate data sets by computing orthogonal projections that maximize the amount of signal variance. Unfortunately, information content in hyperspectral images does not always coincide with such projections. We propose the application of Projection Pursuit, which seeks to fmd a set of orthogonal projections that are "interesting" in the sense that they deviate from the Gaussian distribution assumption. Once these projections are obtained, they can be used for image compression, segmentation, or enhancement for visual analysis. To fmd these projections we follow a 2-step iterative process where we first search for a projection that maximizes a projection index based on the divergence of the projection's estimated probability distribution from the Gaussian distribution, and then reduce the rank by projecting the data onto the subspace orthogonal to the previous projections. To find the projection that maximizes the index, a novel approach is taken which does not use an optimization algorithm, but rather searches for a solution by obtaining a set of candidate projections from the data and choosing the one with the highest projection index. This method is shown to work With simulated examples as well as data from the Hyperspectral Digital Imagery Collection Experiment. C1 USA, Ctr Dev & Engn, Edgewood Res, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Ifarraguerri, A (reprint author), USA, Ctr Dev & Engn, Edgewood Res, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2821-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3372 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1117/12.312608 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BL36N UT WOS:000075290800005 ER PT S AU Berger, H Bosch, EH Simental, E AF Berger, H Bosch, EH Simental, E BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Correcting radiance data for randomly occurring nonuniform illumination of the IFOV of individual detectors in arrays SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL AND HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imagery IV CY APR 13-14, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE detector array; nonuniform illumination; radiance spatial variation; inverse problem; quantitative imagery AB This paper discusses the nonuniform illumination of individual pixels in an array that is intrinsic to the scene viewed, as opposed to turbulence or platform motion as an error source in quantitative imagery. It describes two classes of algorithms to treat this type of problem. It points out that this problem can be viewed as a type of inverse problem with a corresponding integral equation unlike those commonly treated in the literature. One class allows estimation of the spatial variation of radiance within pixels using the single digital number irradiances produced by the measurements of the detectors within their instantaneous-fields-of-view (IFOVs). Usually it is assumed without discussion that the intrapixel radiance distribution is constant. Results are presented showing the improvements obtained by the methods discussed. C1 USA, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Berger, H (reprint author), USA, Topog Engn Ctr, 7701 Telegraph Rd, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2821-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3372 BP 158 EP 165 DI 10.1117/12.312596 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BL36N UT WOS:000075290800014 ER PT S AU Nguyen, L Kapoor, R Wong, D Sichina, J AF Nguyen, L Kapoor, R Wong, D Sichina, J BE Zelnio, EG TI Ultra-wideband radar target discrimination utilizing an advanced feature set SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Algorithm for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery V CY APR, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ultra-wideband radar; foliage-penetrating radar; SAR; automatic target detection; phenomenology; computational electromagnetics AB The Army Research Laboratory (ARL), as part of its mission-funded applied research program, has been evaluating the utility of a low-frequency, ultra wideband (UWB) imaging radar to detect tactical vehicles concealed by foliage. Measurement programs conducted at Aberdeen Proving Grounds and elsewhere have yielded a significant and unique database of extremely wideband and tin some cases) fully polarimetric data. Prior work has concentrated on developing computationally efficient methods to quickly canvass large quantities of data to identify likely target occurrences - often called "prescreening." This paper reviews recent findings from our phenomenology/detection efforts. Included is a reformulated prescreener that has been trained and tested against a significantly larger data set than was used in the prior work. Also discussed are initial efforts aimed at the discrimination of targets from the difficult clutter remaining after prescreening. Performance assessments are included that detail detection rates versus false alarm levels. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nguyen, L (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2819-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3370 BP 289 EP 306 DI 10.1117/12.321834 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL85L UT WOS:000076935900028 ER PT S AU Nixon, WE Neilson, HJ Szatkowski, GN Giles, RH Kersey, WT Perkins, LC Waldman, J AF Nixon, WE Neilson, HJ Szatkowski, GN Giles, RH Kersey, WT Perkins, LC Waldman, J BE Zelnio, EG TI A variability study of Ka-band HRR polarimetric signatures on eleven T-72 tanks SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Algorithm for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery V CY APR, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE T-72; tank; HRR; polarimetric; RCS; ISAR; Ka-band; nearfield; turntable; radar; signature; correlation AB In an effort to effectively understand signature verification requirements through the variability of a structure's RCS characteristics, the U.S. Army National Ground Intelligence Center(NGIC), with technical support from STL, originated a signature project plan to obtain MMW signatures from multiple similar tanks. In implementing this plan NGIC/STL directed and sponsored turntable measurements performed by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory(ARL) Sensors and Electromagnetic Resource Directorate on eleven T-72 tanks using an HRR full-polarimetric Ka-band radar.([1]) The physical condition and configuration of these vehicles were documented by careful inspection and then photographed during the acquisition sequence at 45 degrees azimuth intervals. The turntable signature of one vehicle was acquired eight times over the three day signatures acquisition period for establishing measurement variability on any single target. At several intervals between target measurements, the turntable signature of a 30 m(2) trihedral was also acquired as a calibration reference for the signature library. Through an RCS goodness-of-fit correlation and ISAR comparison study, the signature-to-signature variability was evaluated for the eighteen HRR turntable measurements of the T-72 tanks. This signature data is available from NCIC on request for Government Agencies and Government Contractors with an established need-to-know. C1 USA, Natl Ground Intelligence Ctr, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. RP Nixon, WE (reprint author), USA, Natl Ground Intelligence Ctr, 220 7th St NE, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2819-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3370 BP 369 EP 382 DI 10.1117/12.321841 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL85L UT WOS:000076935900035 ER PT J AU Beach, C Manthey, D AF Beach, C Manthey, D TI Painless acute aortic dissection presenting as left lower extremity numbness SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE aortic dissection; ischemic neuropathy; paresthesia AB Acute aortic dissection may have variable presentations, making the diagnosis clinically challenging. Acute neurologic syndromes secondary to dissection of the aorta are uncommon. However, including aortic dissection in the differential diagnosis is imperative. This report describes the first reported case of an acute thoracic aortic dissection presenting with the chief complaint of unilateral lower extremity numb ness. Peripheral ischemic neuropathy as the result of vascular occlusion is uncommon. The pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of ischemic neuropathies in the setting of acute aortic dissection are discussed. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Joint Mil Med Ctr, Emergency Med Residency, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Beach, C (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Joint Mil Med Ctr, Emergency Med Residency, MCHE EMR,Bldg 3600,3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 16 IS 1 BP 49 EP 51 DI 10.1016/S0735-6757(98)90064-X PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA YR508 UT WOS:000071502300010 PM 9451313 ER PT J AU Carlow, TJ Depper, MH Orrison, WW AF Carlow, TJ Depper, MH Orrison, WW TI MR of extraocular muscles in chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT North-American-Neuro-Ophthalmologic-Society Meeting CY FEB, 1996 CL SNOWBIRD, UTAH SP N Amer Ophthalmol Soc ID MITOCHONDRIAL; DISEASE AB PURPOSE: Our goal was to determine whether the extraocular muscles in patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) could be distinguished from those of age-matched control subjects by MR imaging. METHODS: Nine patients with CPEO and eight age-matched healthy control subjects were studied, The extraocular muscles of eight of the patients (16 eyes) and all the control subjects (16 eyes) were measured digitally. Images consisted of 1.5-mm contiguous sections acquired using a volume (three-dimensional) gradient-echo acquisition. In all, measurements were performed on 11 interpolated 1.0-mm coronal sections, five on each side of the muscle center, Only the medial, inferior, and lateral rectus muscles were evaluated, The superior rectus was omitted to avoid averaging problems with the superior ophthalmic vein and levator palpebrae muscle, The 11 sections were summed to obtain a volume measurement of the central portion of each muscle. RESULTS: The digitally measured extraocular muscles in the patients with CPEO had statistically significantly smaller volumes than those of the control subjects, The average muscle volumes for the patients with CPEO were 215 mm(3) for the medial rectus, 202 mm(3) for the inferior rectus, and 269 mm(3) for the lateral rectus, The average extraocular muscle volumes for the control subjects were 366 mm(3) for the medial rectus, 365 mm(3) for the inferior rectus, and 425 mm(3) for the lateral rectus. CONCLUSION: MR imaging can show small extraocular muscles in patients with CPEO, which may help to distinguish this disorder from other entities. Since denervated extraocular muscles do not readily atrophy, this MR sign would support a myogenic pathologic substrate for CPEO, Variation in the degree of extraocular muscle atrophy may simply reflect the length of time the mitochondrial defect and ophthalmoplegia have been present. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Radiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Neurol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, New Mexico Inst Neuroimaging, Albuquerque, NM USA. Eye Associates New Mexico & SW Colorado, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. RP Depper, MH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, MCHL-X, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY PI OAK BROOK PA 2210 MIDWEST RD, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA SN 0195-6108 J9 AM J NEURORADIOL JI Am. J. Neuroradiol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 19 IS 1 BP 95 EP 99 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YM086 UT WOS:000071026700023 PM 9432164 ER PT J AU Christ, MJ Iwamoto, LM de Silva, A Lavallee, SL Nakamura, KT AF Christ, MJ Iwamoto, LM de Silva, A Lavallee, SL Nakamura, KT TI Amiloride-induced contraction of isolated guinea pig, mouse, and human fetal airways SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE airway smooth muscle; cystic fibrosis; diuretics; Na+/H+ exchange; protein kinase C ID SMOOTH-MUSCLE RESPONSIVENESS; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; INHALED AMILORIDE; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; RESPIRATORY TISSUES; METHACHOLINE; CHILDREN; INVITRO; INHIBITORS; FUROSEMIDE AB Nebulized amiloride has been proposed as therapy in cystic fibrosis to block Na+ hyperabsorption in airway epithelium and prevent dehydration of secretions. Patients with cystic fibrosis often have reactive airways. Bovine and canine trachea relax to amiloride in vitro, suggesting another benefit as a bronchodilator, whereas guinea pig trachea, a useful model of human airways, does not. We hypothesized that human airways would respond like guinea pig airways. Airway ring segments from guinea pigs, mice, and human fetuses were constricted with the concentration of acetylcholine producing 50-75% maximum contraction. Subsequent changes in isometric tension to cumulative additions of amiloride (10(-8)-10(-4) M) were measured. Guinea pig airways contracted 29 +/- 5%, mouse airways contracted 23 +/- 6%, and human fetal airways contracted 30 +/- 8%. Contraction to amiloride was mimicked by dimethylamiloride, a more selective inhibitor of the Na+/H+ antiporter, and was attenuated by protein kinase C (PKC) inhibition with GF109203X and staurosporine. The present study indicates that amiloride-induced airway contraction in guinea pigs and mice closely parallels the response in isolated human airways and that the mechanism may involve the Na+/H+ antiporter and PKC. C1 Kapiolani Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, John A Burns Sch Med, Honolulu, HI 96826 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Nakamura, KT (reprint author), Kapiolani Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, John A Burns Sch Med, 1319 Punahou St, Honolulu, HI 96826 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR/AI-11091]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-45220] NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 274 IS 1 BP R209 EP R213 PG 5 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA YT181 UT WOS:000071573600031 PM 9458920 ER PT J AU Sabchareon, A Attanath, P Chanthavanich, P Phanuaksook, P Prarinyanupharb, V Poonpanich, Y Mookmanee, D Teja-Isavadharm, P Heppner, DG Brewer, TG Chongsuphajaisiddhi, T AF Sabchareon, A Attanath, P Chanthavanich, P Phanuaksook, P Prarinyanupharb, V Poonpanich, Y Mookmanee, D Teja-Isavadharm, P Heppner, DG Brewer, TG Chongsuphajaisiddhi, T TI Comparative clinical trial of artesunate suppositories and oral artesunate in combination with mefloquine ln the treatment of children with acute falciparum malaria SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ARTEMISININ; QUININE; CHLOROQUINE; ARTEMETHER AB A randomized pilot study to compare the safety and efficacy of artesunate suppositories (15 mg/kg/day for three days) versus oral artesunate (6 mg/kg/day for three days), both in combination with mefloquine (25 mg/kg), was conducted in 52 Thai children with uncomplicated multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria. Forty-five patients (87%) had a full 28-day follow-up in the hospital to assess efficacy and exclude reinfection. Mean [range] times to fever clearance of the two groups were similar (42 hr [15-104] versus 42 hr [6-119]). Artesunate suppositories resulted in significantly longer times to achieve 50% and 90% reductions of the initial parasite counts (17 and 26 hr versus 9 and 15 hr; P < 0.05 and P < 0.001). Time [range] to parasite clearance was longer in the artesunate Suppositories group (42 hr [14-93] versus 35 hr [16-69]), but the difference was not significant. The cure rates by days 28 were not significantly different, 92% for artesunate suppository-treated patients and 100% for oral artesunate-treated patients. Both drug regimens are safe and effective. Further studies are needed to characterize the pharmacokinetic properties and the optimum regimen of artesunate suppositories for the treatment of severe malaria. C1 Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Dept Trop Pediat, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Thongphaphum Hosp, Kanchanaburi Prov, Thailand. USA, Med Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol & Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Sabchareon, A (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Dept Trop Pediat, 420-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 24 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 58 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YT775 UT WOS:000071643800003 PM 9452284 ER PT J AU Watts, DM Callahan, J Rossi, C Oberste, MS Roehrig, JT Wooster, MT Smith, JF Cropp, CB Gentrau, EM Karabatsos, N Gubler, D Hayes, CG AF Watts, DM Callahan, J Rossi, C Oberste, MS Roehrig, JT Wooster, MT Smith, JF Cropp, CB Gentrau, EM Karabatsos, N Gubler, D Hayes, CG TI Venezuelan equine encephalitis febrile cases among humans in the Peruvian Amazon River region SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; SOUTH-AMERICA; VIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; EPITOPES; TC-83 AB A survey was conducted from October 1, 1993 to June 30, 1995 to determine the arboviral etiologies of febrile illnesses in the city of Iquitos in the Amazon River Basin of Peru. The study subjects were patients who were enrolled at medical care clinics or in their homes by Peruvian Ministry of Health (MOH) workers as part of the passive and active disease surveillance program of the MOH. The clinical criterion for enrollment was the diagnosis of a suspected viral-associated, acute, undifferentiated febrile illness of less than or equal to 5 days duration. A total of 598 patients were enrolled in the study. Demographic information, medical history, clinical data, and blood samples were obtained from each patient. The more common clinical features were fever, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, retro-ocular pain, and chills. Sera were tested for virus by the newborn mouse and cell culture assays. Viral isolates were identified initially by immunofluorescence using polyclonal antibody. An ELISA using viral-specific monoclonal antibodies and nucleotide sequence analysis were used to determine the specific variety of the viruses. In addition, thin and thick blood smears were observed for malaria parasites. Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus subtype I, variety ID virus was isolated from 10 cases, including three cases in October, November, and December 1993, five cases in January and February 1994, and two cases in June 1995. The ELISA for IgM and IgG antibody indicated that VEE virus was the cause of an additional four confirmed and four presumptive cases, including five from January through March 1994 and three in August 1994. Sixteen cases were positive for malaria. The 18 cases of VEE occurred among military recruits (n = 7), agriculture workers (n = 3), students (n = 3), and general laborers (n = 5). These data indicated that an enzootic strain of VEE virus was the cause of at least 3% (18 of 598) of the cases of febrile illnesses studied in the city of Iquitos in the Amazon Basin region of Peru. C1 USN, Med Res Inst Detachment, NAMRID, Unit 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Res Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Peruvian Minist Hlth, Iquitos, Peru. USN, Dept Infect Dis, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Watts, DM (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst Detachment, NAMRID, Unit 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 33 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 58 IS 1 BP 35 EP 40 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YT775 UT WOS:000071643800008 PM 9452289 ER PT J AU Oberste, MS Weaver, SC Watts, DM Smith, JE AF Oberste, MS Weaver, SC Watts, DM Smith, JE TI Identification and genetic analysis of Panama-genotype Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype ID in Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; SOUTH-AMERICA; NORTH-AMERICA; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; ALPHAVIRUSES; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; STRAINS; COMPLEX AB Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus was isolated in 1993, 1994, and 1995 from human cases of acute, undifferentiated, febrile illness in the Peruvian Amazon Basin. Two virus isolates were recovered in 1994 from Peruvian soldiers at a jungle outpost near Pantoja in northern Peru, and 10 isolates were obtained from military personnel and civilians in 1993-1995 in Iquitos, an urban center in northeastern Peru. The genetic relationship of these isolates to other VEE virus strains was determined by sequencing 856-867 nucleotide reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction fragments derived from the PE2 glycoprotein gene. The sequences were compared with those of other VEE virus strains, including representatives of the IAB, IC, ID, IE, II, and IIIC subtypes. The two Pantoja isolates were most closely related to subtype IC and ID viruses previously isolated in Colombia and Venezuela, and to the ID viruses isolated during the 1970s in Iquitos. All of the recent Iquitos isolates were similar to one another, but they were more closely related to Panamanian ID strains than to isolates previously obtained in Iquitos, Peru, or in Colombia and Venezuela. The recent Iquitos VEE viral isolates were the first Panama-genotype VEE ID virus strains identified outside of the Republic of Panama. C1 USA, Div Virol, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Trop Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. USN, Med Res Inst Detachment, Lima, Peru. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mailstop G-17,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Weaver, Scott/D-6490-2011 NR 37 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 58 IS 1 BP 41 EP 46 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YT775 UT WOS:000071643800009 PM 9452290 ER PT J AU Rico-Hesse, R Harrison, LM Nisalak, A Vaughn, DW Kalayanarooj, S Green, S Rothman, AL Ennis, FA AF Rico-Hesse, R Harrison, LM Nisalak, A Vaughn, DW Kalayanarooj, S Green, S Rothman, AL Ennis, FA TI Molecular evolution of dengue type 2 virus in Thailand SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE; SEQUENCES; GENE; RNA AB Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that in recent years has become a major international public health concern. Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), first recognized in Southeast Asia in the 1950s, is today a leading cause of childhood death in many countries. The pathogenesis of this illness is poorly understood, mainly because there are no laboratory or animal models of disease, We have studied the genetic relationships of dengue viruses of serotype 2, one of four antigenically distinct dengue virus groups, to determine if viruses obtained from cases of less severe dengue fever (DF) have distinct evolutionary origins from those obtained from DHF cases, A very large number (73) of virus samples from patients with DF or DHF in two locations in Thailand (Bangkok and Kamphaeng Phet) were compared by sequence analysis of 240 nucleotides from the envelope/nonstructural protein 1 (E/NS1) gene junction of the viral genome, Phylogenetic trees generated with these data have been shown to reflect long-term evolutionary relationships among strains. The results suggest that 1) many different virus variants may circulate simultaneously in Thailand, thus reflecting the quasispecies nature of these RNA viruses, in spite of population immunity; 2) viruses belonging to two previously distinct genotypic groups have been isolated from both DF and DHF cases, supporting the view that they arose from a common progenitor and share the potential to cause severe disease; and 3) viruses associated with the potential to cause DHF segregate into what is now one, large genotypic group and they have evolved independently in Southeast Asia for some time. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Bangkok Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. RP Rico-Hesse, R (reprint author), SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Virol & Immunol, POB 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. RI Rico-Hesse, Rebeca/C-5294-2011 OI Rico-Hesse, Rebeca/0000-0001-6216-1000 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-01124, P01 AI034533, AI-34533] NR 21 TC 77 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 58 IS 1 BP 96 EP 101 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YT775 UT WOS:000071643800018 PM 9452299 ER PT J AU Moser, J Meyers, KM Russon, RH Reeves, JJ AF Moser, J Meyers, KM Russon, RH Reeves, JJ TI Plasma von Willebrand factor changes during various reproductive cycle stages in mixed-breed dogs with normal von Willebrand factor and in Doberman Pinschers with type-I von Willebrand's disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VONWILLEBRAND-FACTOR; FACTOR-VIII; ARGININE VASOPRESSIN; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; FACTOR DEFICIENCY; NORMAL-PREGNANCY; BEAGLE DOGS; SERUM; PROGESTERONE; BITCH AB Objective-To determine whether plasma von Willebrand factor (vWf) concentration changes during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in Doberman Pinschers with type-I von Willebrand's disease (vWd) and in mixed-breed dogs with normal vWf, and if so, whether alterations in vWf concentration are associated with changes in serum concentrations of reproductive hormones. Animals-5 sexually intact female Doberman Pinschers with type-I vWd and 8 sexually intact female mixed-breed dogs with normal vWf. Procedure-Concentrations of plasma vWf and serum progesterone and estradiol-17 beta were measured during the estrous cycle of nonpregnant dogs and during pregnancy, parturition, and lactation. Serum concentrations of total triiodothyronine, total thyroxin, and free thyroxin were measured during pregnancy, parturition, and lactation. Results-Von Willebrand factor concentration did not change during the estrous cycle, but during pregnancy, vWf concentration gradually increased. Peak concentrations were obtained at parturition and were 103 and 92% higher in mixed-breed dogs and dogs with type-I vWd, respectively, than were mean prepregnancy (anestrus) values. At parturition, total triiodothyronine concentration decreased from the prepregnancy value. The increase in vWf concentration during pregnancy was positively associated with changes in concentration of estradiol-17 beta and was negatively associated with changes in concentration of progesterone. Conclusions-The increase in vWf concentration in pregnant bitches may be associated with changes in concentrations of reproductive hormones. However, the increase in vWf concentration during pregnancy may involve other factors because vWf concentration did not change during the estrous cycle of nonpregnant dogs despite increases in concentrations of estradiol-17 beta and progesterone. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Pharmacol Toxicol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet & Comparat Anat Pharmacol & Physiol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Lab Anim Resource Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Moser, J (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 59 IS 1 BP 111 EP 118 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YP669 UT WOS:000071302100021 PM 9442254 ER PT J AU Stevens, JB Wheatley, L AF Stevens, JB Wheatley, L TI Tracheal intubation in ambulatory surgery patients: Using remifentanil and propofol without muscle relaxants SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Article ID TOTAL INTRAVENOUS ANESTHESIA; MULTICENTER EVALUATION; HEMODYNAMIC-RESPONSES; ALFENTANIL; PHARMACOKINETICS; PHARMACODYNAMICS; INDUCTION AB Using alfentanil followed by an anesthetic induction dose of propofol provides adequate conditions for tracheal intubation without neuromuscular relaxants. Remifentanil, which has a clinical onset similar to that of alfentanil, has not been investigated for this indication. Accordingly, 80 ASA physical status I and II premedicated outpatients were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 20/group). Remifentanil 1, 2, 3, or 4 mu g/kg (Groups I-IV, respectively) was infused intravenously over 90 s. Sixty seconds after beginning the remifentanil infusion, propofol 2 mg/kg was infused over 5 s. Ninety seconds after the administration of propofol, laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation were attempted and graded. Clinically acceptable intubating conditions (i.e., jaw relaxed, Vocal cords open, and fewer than two coughs in response to intubation) were observed in 35%, 75%, 100%, and 95% of patients in Groups I-IV, respectively. Clinically acceptable intubating conditions were significantly (P < 0.05) less likely to occur in Group I compared with all other groups. Excellent intubating conditions (i.e., vocal cords open, no movement in response to intubation) were observed in 30%, 50%, 80%, 80% of patients in Groups I-IV, respectively. Overall conditions at intubation were significantly (P < 0.05) better in Groups III and IV compared with Groups I and II. The mean time to resumption of spontaneous ventilation after induction was <5 min in all groups. No patient manifested clinically significant muscle rigidity. The mean arterial pressure decreased 16%, 20%, 2&%, 26% immediately before tracheal intubation in Groups I-TV, respectively. No patient was treated for hypotension or bradycardia. In conclusion, healthy, premedicated patients with favorable airway anatomy can be reliably intubated with good or excellent conditions 90 s after the administration of remifentanil 3-4 mu g/kg and propofol 2 mg/kg. Implications: Remifentanil 3 mu g/kg and propofol. 2 mg/kg co-administered intravenously may reliably provide adequate conditions for tracheal intubation in healthy patients without neuromuscular relaxants. This combination of drugs may allow the rapid return of spontaneous ventilation. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol 511, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Stevens, JB (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol 511, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. NR 15 TC 116 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 86 IS 1 BP 45 EP 49 DI 10.1097/00000539-199801000-00009 PG 5 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA YN320 UT WOS:000071155100009 PM 9428849 ER PT J AU Bauer, AJ Daniel, A Khozeimeh, L Francis, GL AF Bauer, AJ Daniel, A Khozeimeh, L Francis, GL TI Gonadotropin releasing hormone does not affect steroidogenesis in JEG-3 cells SO ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMPLEMENTARY DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; RAT GRANULOSA-CELLS; GNRH RECEPTOR; GH(3) CELLS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; HUMAN PLACENTA; PRETERM LABOR; PROTEIN; SECRETION AB Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) affects ovarian and testicular steroidogenesis, is produced by the placenta, and increases chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) production in preterm placenta. It was hypothesized that GnRH might also regulate placental synthesis of progesterone (P) and estradiol (E-2) and the effects were studied of GnRH and the [D-Trp(6)]-LH-RH analog on the production of P, E-2, and hCG by JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells. Neither GnRH nor [D-Trp(6)]-LH-RH had any effect on the production of P, E-2 or hCG. Our findings are similar to a previous observation which showed GnRH did not increase hCG in term placenta, but differed from preterm placenta in which GnRH increased hCG. This suggests there could be maturational changes in the placental response to GnRH and that JEG-3 cells more closely resemble term placenta. It is our conclusion that although GnRH and the GnRH receptor are found in the placenta, GnRH might have no effect on steroid hormone synthesis near term. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. George Washington Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Francis, GL (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST CLINICAL SCIENCE INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1833 DELANCEY PLACE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0091-7370 J9 ANN CLIN LAB SCI JI Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 28 IS 1 BP 57 EP 64 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA YY337 UT WOS:000072137000009 PM 9512786 ER PT S AU Johnson, JB AF Johnson, JB BE McClung, DM TI A preliminary numerical investigation of the micromechanics of snow compaction SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 26, 1998 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Snow and Avalanches CY MAY 26-30, 1997 CL CHAMONIX MONT BLANC, FRANCE SP Int Glaciol Soc (IGS), Assoc Natl Etude Neige Avalanches (ANENA), Ville de Chamonix Mont-Blanc, CEMAGREF, Div Nivologie, Meteo-France, Ctr Etudes Neige, Reg Rhone-Alps, Minist Amenagement Territoire Environm, Minist Affaires Etrangeres, Lab Glaciol Geophys Environm, CNRS, STMB Chemin Montenvers AB A dynamic finite-element computer program was used to examine the evolution of microstructure and its effect on continuum-scale deformation for the constant-speed uniaxial-strain compaction of an aggregate of roughly spherical elastic-plastic particles. Simulation results are used to explain some micromechanical aspects of snow compaction. Different compaction rates were used to examine the limits of quasi-static response and the effects of inertial stresses. Four stages of microstructurally controlled compaction were observed for quasi-static loading: particle re-arrangement, elastic deformation and two stages of plastic deformation. Elastic deformation follows the first critical density caused by the stable random loose-particle packing of rough spheres. Stage III compaction occurs by plastic deformation once stresses acting on particles exceed yield. Stage IV compaction follows a second critical density caused by the stable packing of deformed particles and is also through plastic deformation of particles. During high-sped compaction, inertial stresses propagate particle deformation from the loading platen into the aggregate. as a consequence, particle re-arrangement is limited so that the pressure density ratio is larger for high-speed compaction than for quasi-static compaction at the same density. Hence, critical densities and the compaction-rate dependence of the pressure-density ratio during compaction of an aggregate of particles composed of rate-independent material are;determined by the evolution of microstructure at different compaction rates. Observed pressure-density profiles for polar snow exhibit the same features of critical density and changes in the pressure-density ratio as found in the simulation and consist of four compaction stages: particle re-arrangement and three stages of cr eep particle deformation each following a critical density. Shear stresses appear to enhance the compaction during the stage III creep deformation of snow. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. RP Johnson, JB (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, POB 35170, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-21-0 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 1998 VL 26 BP 51 EP 54 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL73A UT WOS:000076481500011 ER PT S AU Sturm, M Holmgren, J AF Sturm, M Holmgren, J BE McClung, DM TI Differences in compaction behavior of three climate classes of snow SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 26, 1998 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Snow and Avalanches CY MAY 26-30, 1997 CL CHAMONIX MONT BLANC, FRANCE SP Int Glaciol Soc (IGS), Assoc Natl Etude Neige Avalanches (ANENA), Ville de Chamonix Mont-Blanc, CEMAGREF, Div Nivologie, Meteo-France, Ctr Etudes Neige, Reg Rhone-Alps, Minist Amenagement Territoire Environm, Minist Affaires Etrangeres, Lab Glaciol Geophys Environm, CNRS, STMB Chemin Montenvers AB In a recent paper (Sturm and others, 1995), a global seasonal snow-cover classification system was developed with each class defined by snow properties like grain size and type. Here, characteristic bulk density vs time curves are assigned to three classes using snow-course data from Alaskan and Canadian sites. Within each class, curves have similar slopes and intercepts but between classes they are different. The relationship between slope, intercept and snow rheology has been investigated using a finite-difference model in which snow layers are assumed to behave as viscous fluids. Using observed slopes, the density-dependent compactive viscosity of each class has been determined. These are consistent with published values. Results indicate that load and load history are less important to the compaction behavior than grain and bond characteristics, snow temperature and wetness. The study suggests that differences in compaction behavior arise primarily from differences in rheology, the result of climatically controlled differences in the character of the snow This finding explains why regional snow densities have been successfully predicted from air temperature and wind speed alone, without considering snow depth. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. RP Sturm, M (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, POB 35170, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-21-0 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 1998 VL 26 BP 125 EP 130 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL73A UT WOS:000076481500025 ER PT J AU Simon, JH Jacobs, LD Campion, M Wende, K Simonian, N Cookfair, DL Rudick, RA Herndon, RM Richert, JR Salazar, AM Alam, JJ Fischer, JS Goodkin, DE Granger, CV Lajaunie, M Martens-Davidson, AL Meyer, MJ Sheeder, J Choi, K Scherzinger, AL Bartoszak, DM Bourdette, DN Braiman, J Brownscheidle, CM Coats, ME Cohan, SL Dougherty, DS Kinkel, RP Mass, MK Munschauer, FE Priore, RL Pullicino, PM Scherokman, BJ Weinstock-Guttman, B Whitham, RH AF Simon, JH Jacobs, LD Campion, M Wende, K Simonian, N Cookfair, DL Rudick, RA Herndon, RM Richert, JR Salazar, AM Alam, JJ Fischer, JS Goodkin, DE Granger, CV Lajaunie, M Martens-Davidson, AL Meyer, MJ Sheeder, J Choi, K Scherzinger, AL Bartoszak, DM Bourdette, DN Braiman, J Brownscheidle, CM Coats, ME Cohan, SL Dougherty, DS Kinkel, RP Mass, MK Munschauer, FE Priore, RL Pullicino, PM Scherokman, BJ Weinstock-Guttman, B Whitham, RH CA Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Res Grp TI Magnetic resonance studies of intramuscular interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPIN-ECHO IMAGES; DISEASE-ACTIVITY; IMAGING LESIONS; DISABILITY; MRI; PROGRESSION AB The Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group trial was a double-blind, randomized, multicenter, phase III, placebo-controlled study of interferon beta-1a (IFN beta-1a; AVONEX) in relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Initial magnetic resonance imaging results have been published; this report provides additional results. Treatment with IFN beta-1a, 30 mu g once weekly by intramuscular injection, resulted in a significant decrease in the number of new, enlarging, and new plus enlarging T2 lesions over 2 years. The median increase in T2 lesion volume in placebo and IFN beta-1a patients was 455 and 152 mm(3), respectively, at 1 year and 1,410 and 628 mm(3) at 2 years, although the treatment group differences did not reach statistical significance. For active patients, defined as those with gadolinium enhancement at baseline, the median change in T2 lesion volume in placebo and IFN beta-1a patients was 1,578 and -12 mm(3) and 2,980 and 1,285 mm(3) at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Except for a minimal correlation of 0.30 between relapse rate and the number of gadolinium-enhanced lesions, correlations between MR and clinical measures at baseline and throughout the study were in general poor. Once weekly intramuscular IFN beta-1a appears to impede the development of multiple sclerosis lesions at an early stage and has a favorable impact on the long-term sequelae of these inflammatory events as indicated by the slowed accumulation of T2 lesions. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol MRI, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Buffalo Gen Hosp, Millard Fillmore Hlth Syst, William C Baird Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. Buffalo Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. Buffalo Gen Hosp, MSCRG Data Management & Stat Ctr, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Mellen Ctr Multiple Sclerosis Treatment & Res, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. JGV Sonny Montgomery VA Hosp, Jackson, MS USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, University, MS 38677 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Neurol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. UCSF Mt Zion Multiple Sclerosis Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. SUNY Buffalo, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Rehabil Med, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Springfield, VA USA. RP Simon, JH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, Campus Box A-034,4200 E 9th Ave, Denver, CO 80262 USA. FU PHS HHS [R01-26321] NR 27 TC 270 Z9 273 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 43 IS 1 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1002/ana.410430114 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA YR531 UT WOS:000071504600010 PM 9450771 ER PT J AU Johnson, T Geyer, C De Jager, R Eckhardt, SG Smetzer, L Clark, G Coyle, J Drengler, R Von Hoff, D Rowinsky, E AF Johnson, T Geyer, C De Jager, R Eckhardt, SG Smetzer, L Clark, G Coyle, J Drengler, R Von Hoff, D Rowinsky, E TI A phase I and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of DX-8951f, a novel hexacyclic camptothecin (CPT) analog, on a 30 minute infusion daily for 5 days every 3 week schedule SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Joseph Arrington Canc Res & Treatment Ctr, Lubbock, TX USA. Daiichi Pharmaceut Co, Ft Lee, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PY 1998 VL 9 SU 2 MA 245 BP 64 EP 64 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA ZZ632 UT WOS:000074749600217 ER PT J AU Raymond, E Burris, HA Rowinsky, EK Eckardt, JR Rodriguez, G Smith, L Weiss, G Von Hoff, DD AF Raymond, E Burris, HA Rowinsky, EK Eckardt, JR Rodriguez, G Smith, L Weiss, G Von Hoff, DD TI Topotecan in combination with cisplatin in patients with previously untreated non-small-cell lung carcinoma. A phase I study SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PY 1998 VL 9 SU 2 MA 266 BP 70 EP 70 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA ZZ632 UT WOS:000074749600238 ER PT J AU Villalona-Calero, MA Eckardt, J Burris, H Kraynak, M Fields-Jones, S Bazan, C Lancaster, J Hander, T Goldblum, R Hammond, L Bari, A Drengler, R Rothenberg, M Hadovsky, G Von Hoff, DD AF Villalona-Calero, MA Eckardt, J Burris, H Kraynak, M Fields-Jones, S Bazan, C Lancaster, J Hander, T Goldblum, R Hammond, L Bari, A Drengler, R Rothenberg, M Hadovsky, G Von Hoff, DD TI A phase I trial of human corticotropin-releasing factor (hCRF) in patients with peritumoral brain edema SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brain edema; corticotropin-releasing factor; hCRF; proton density; T2-weighted ID VOLUMES; IMAGES AB Background: Human corticotropin-releasing factor (hCRF) is an endogenous peptide responsible for the secretion and syn thesis of corticosteroids. In animal models of peritumoral brain edema, hCRF has significant anti-edematous action. This effect, which appears to be independent of the release of adrenal steroids, appears mediated by a direct effect on endothelial cells. We conducted a feasibility and phase I study with hCRF given by continuous infusion to patients with brain metastasis. Patients and merl?ods: Peritumoral brain edema documented by MRI and the use of either no steroids or stable steroid doses for more than a week were required, MRIs were repeated at completion of infusion and estimations by dual echo-image sequence (Proton density and T2-weighted images) of the amount of peritumoral edema were performed. The study was performed in two stages. In the feasibility part, patients were randomized to receive either 0.66 or 1 mu g/kg/h of hCRF or placebo over 24 hours. The second part was a dose finding study of hCRF over 72 hours at escalating doses. Results: Seventeen patients were enrolled; only one was receiving steroids (stable doses) at study entrance; dose-limiting toxicity (hypotension:) was observed at 4 mu g/kg/h x 72 hours in two out of four patients, while zero of five patients treated at 2 mu g/kg/h developed dose-limiting toxicities. Flushing and hot flashes were also observed. Improvement of neurological symptoms and/or exam were seen in 10 patients. Only small changes were detected by MRI. Improvement in symptoms did not correlate with changes in cortisol levels, and changes in cortisol levels were not correlated with changes in peritumoral edema. Conclusions: hCRF is well tolerated in doses up to 2 mu g/kg/h by continuous infusion x 72 hours. Hypotension limits administration of higher doses, The observation of clinical benefit in the absence of corticosteroids suggests hCRF may be an alternative to steroids for the treatment of patients with peritumoral brain edema. Further exploration of this agent in efficacy studies is warranted. C1 Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, Dept Clin Invest, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Neurobiol Technol Inc, Richmond, CA USA. RP Villalona-Calero, MA (reprint author), Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, Dept Clin Invest, 8122 Datapoint Dr,Suite 650, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 9 IS 1 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1023/A:1008251426425 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA ZA393 UT WOS:000072359000015 PM 9541686 ER PT J AU Rowinsky, E Hammond, L Aylesworth, C Humphrey, R Smetzer, L Siu, L Weiss, G Smith, L Thurman, A Rodriguez, G Sorensen, M Von Hoff, D Eckhardt, SG AF Rowinsky, E Hammond, L Aylesworth, C Humphrey, R Smetzer, L Siu, L Weiss, G Smith, L Thurman, A Rodriguez, G Sorensen, M Von Hoff, D Eckhardt, SG TI Prolonged administration of BAY 12-9566, an oral nonpeptidic biphenyl matrix: A phase I and pharmacologic study SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Bayer Pharm Co, W Haven, CT USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PY 1998 VL 9 SU 2 MA 287 BP 76 EP 76 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA ZZ632 UT WOS:000074749600259 ER PT J AU Diab, S Baker, SD Hammond, L Villalona, M Eckhardt, SG Tinu, C Weiss, G Kraynak, M Aylesworth, C Smith, L Rodriguez, G Drengler, R Patil, R Siu, L Rothenberg, M Smetzer, L Nyhart, E Storniolo, AM Von Hoff, D Rowinsky, E AF Diab, S Baker, SD Hammond, L Villalona, M Eckhardt, SG Tinu, C Weiss, G Kraynak, M Aylesworth, C Smith, L Rodriguez, G Drengler, R Patil, R Siu, L Rothenberg, M Smetzer, L Nyhart, E Storniolo, AM Von Hoff, D Rowinsky, E TI Phase I and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of the diarylsulfonylurea LY295501 administered as a single oral dose weekly for 3 weeks every 4 weeks SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PY 1998 VL 9 SU 2 MA 440 BP 115 EP 115 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA ZZ632 UT WOS:000074749600412 ER PT J AU Hammond, L Eckardt, J Kuhn, J Rizzo, J Johnson, T Villalona-Calero, M Smith, L Drengler, R Campbell, L Von Hoff, D Rowinsky, E AF Hammond, L Eckardt, J Kuhn, J Rizzo, J Johnson, T Villalona-Calero, M Smith, L Drengler, R Campbell, L Von Hoff, D Rowinsky, E TI Phase I and pharmacokinetic (PK) trial of sequences of BCNU and temozolomide (TMZ) in patients with solid neoplasms SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PY 1998 VL 9 SU 2 MA 441 BP 115 EP 116 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA ZZ632 UT WOS:000074749600413 ER PT J AU Stephenson, J Baker, SD Aylesworth, C Siu, L Simmons, C Sharma, S Smith, L Proulx, L Marsolais, C Hunt, W Von Hoff, D Rowinsky, E AF Stephenson, J Baker, SD Aylesworth, C Siu, L Simmons, C Sharma, S Smith, L Proulx, L Marsolais, C Hunt, W Von Hoff, D Rowinsky, E TI A phase I safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of BCH-4556, a novel L-nucleoside antimetabolite, on a daily x 5 day every 21-day schedule in patients with solid neoplasms SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Biochem Therapeut Inc, Laval, PQ, Canada. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PY 1998 VL 9 SU 2 MA 596 BP 156 EP 156 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA ZZ632 UT WOS:000074749600568 ER PT J AU Aylesworth, C Baker, SD Stephenson, J Britten, C Monroe, P Walling, J Johnson, R Von Hoff, D Rowinsky, E AF Aylesworth, C Baker, SD Stephenson, J Britten, C Monroe, P Walling, J Johnson, R Von Hoff, D Rowinsky, E TI Phase I and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of the glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase inhibitor LY309887 as a bolus every 3 weeks with folic acid SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PY 1998 VL 9 SU 2 MA 610 BP 159 EP 159 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA ZZ632 UT WOS:000074749600582 ER PT J AU Diab, S Britten, C Smith, R Eckhardt, SG Baker, S Hammond, L Siu, L Sharma, S Hidalgo, M Aylesworth, C Young, R Wong, L Razvillas, B Kraynak, M Douglass, E Von Hoff, D Rowinsky, E AF Diab, S Britten, C Smith, R Eckhardt, SG Baker, S Hammond, L Siu, L Sharma, S Hidalgo, M Aylesworth, C Young, R Wong, L Razvillas, B Kraynak, M Douglass, E Von Hoff, D Rowinsky, E TI A phase I and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of ZD9331, a novel long-acting thymidylate synthetase (TS) inhibitor, on a single dosing every 3 weeks schedule SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Zeneca Pharmaceut, Wilmington, DE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PY 1998 VL 9 SU 2 MA 611 BP 160 EP 160 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA ZZ632 UT WOS:000074749600583 ER PT J AU Hammond, L Baker, SD Villalona-Calero, M Eckhardt, SG Drengler, R Aylesworth, C Johnson, T Hidalgo, M Rodriguez, G Diab, S Monroe, P Thornton, D Johnson, R Von Hoff, D Rowinsky, E AF Hammond, L Baker, SD Villalona-Calero, M Eckhardt, SG Drengler, R Aylesworth, C Johnson, T Hidalgo, M Rodriguez, G Diab, S Monroe, P Thornton, D Johnson, R Von Hoff, D Rowinsky, E TI A phase I and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of the multitargeted antifol (MTA) LY231514 with folic acid (FA) SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PY 1998 VL 9 SU 2 MA 612 BP 160 EP 160 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA ZZ632 UT WOS:000074749600584 ER PT J AU Johnson, T Schwartz, G McCune, D Stephenson, J Aylesworth, C Hammond, L Monroe, P Thornton, D Von Hoff, D Rowinsky, E AF Johnson, T Schwartz, G McCune, D Stephenson, J Aylesworth, C Hammond, L Monroe, P Thornton, D Von Hoff, D Rowinsky, E TI A phase I dose escalation study of the multitargeted antifolate, LY231514 (MTA) in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU): Dependence of toxicity on schedule of 5-FU administration SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PY 1998 VL 9 SU 2 MA 613 BP 160 EP 160 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA ZZ632 UT WOS:000074749600585 ER PT J AU Cook, ML AF Cook, ML TI Applied Just War theory: Moral implications of new weapons for air war (On the implications of moral violations and non-combatant immunity in warfare) SO ANNUAL OF THE SOCIETY OF CHRISTIAN ETHICS LA English DT Article C1 US Army War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Cook, ML (reprint author), US Army War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC CHRISTIAN ETHICS PI BOSTON PA BOSTON UNIV, SCHOOL THEOLOGY, 745 COMMONWEALTH AVE, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 0732-4928 J9 ANNU SOC CHRIST ETH JI Annu. Soc. Christ. Ethics PY 1998 VL 18 BP 199 EP 219 PG 21 WC Religion SC Religion GA 127NV UT WOS:000076358200016 ER PT J AU Bray, M Huggins, J AF Bray, M Huggins, J TI Antiviral therapy of haemorrhagic fevers and arbovirus infections SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Review ID CONGO HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; HANTAAN VIRUS-INFECTION; TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; SEMLIKI FOREST VIRUS; RIFT-VALLEY FEVER; LASSA FEVER; GUINEA-PIGS; RENAL SYNDROME; IMMUNE SERUM; INTRAVENOUS RIBAVIRIN AB RNA viruses of the families Arena-, Bunya-, Filo-, Flavi- and Togaviridae cause illness in humans ranging from mild, non-specific febrile syndromes to fulminant, lethal haemorrhagic fever. They are transmitted from animals to humans and from human to human by arthropods, aerosols or contact with body fluids. Antiviral compounds, convalescent plasma and interferon inhibit many of these agents in vitro and in virus-infected animals. Drug or plasma treatment is now in use for several human diseases, and would probably be beneficial for a number of others for which there is only limited treatment experience. Success is linked to early diagnosis and initiation of therapy. Ribavirin is used to treat Lassa fever and haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, and would probably be effective for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever and for all New World arenavirus diseases. The value of ribavirin in the early treatment of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is under evaluation. Convalescent plasma is the therapy of choice for Argentine haemorrhagic fever, and would also probably be effective for other New World arenaviruses and some other infections if a safe supply of plasma could be maintained. Ribavirin and interferon-a have both shown protective efficacy in non-human primates infected with Rift Valley fever virus. No effective therapy has yet been identified for filovirus infections, but results in animal models are encouraging. Move clinical research is urgently needed. Even if placebo-controlled drug trials cannot be performed, conscientious reports of the results of therapy in limited numbers of patients can still provide evidence of antiviral drug effects. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bray, M (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM bray@ncifcrf.gov NR 167 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS PI LONDON PA 125 HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON WC1V 6QA, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 1998 VL 3 IS 2 BP 53 EP 79 PG 27 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 111XC UT WOS:000075462900001 ER PT S AU Wang, LC Der, S Nasrabadi, NM AF Wang, LC Der, S Nasrabadi, NM BE Nasrabadi, NM Katsaggelos, AK TI Automatic target recognition using a feature-decomposition and data-decomposition modular neural network SO APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS IN IMAGE PROCESSING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Artificial Neural Networks in Image Processing III CY JAN 26-27, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE automatic target recognition; neural networks; forward looking infrared; object recognition AB A modular neural network classifier has been applied to the problem of automatic target recognition (ATR) using forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imagery. The classifier consists of several independently trained neural networks operating on features extracted from a local portion of a target image. The classification decisions of the individual networks are combined to determine the final classification. Experiments show that decomposition of the input features results in performance superior to a fully connected network in terms of both network complexity and probability of classification. Performance of the classifier is further improved by the use of multi-resolution features and by the introduction of a higher level neural network on the top of expert networks, a method known as stacked generalization. In addition to feature decomposition, we implemented a data decomposition classifier network and demonstrated improved performance. Experimental results are reported on a large set of FLIR images. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,SE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wang, LC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,SE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2747-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3307 BP 2 EP 13 DI 10.1117/12.304646 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BK88Y UT WOS:000073808700001 ER PT S AU Kuo, CY Freeman, RB AF Kuo, CY Freeman, RB GP NATL RES COUNCIL NATL RES COUNCIL TI Image analysis evaluation of aggregates for asphalt concrete mixtures SO APPLICATIONS OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN TRANSPORTATION SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 77th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB The performance of asphalt concrete mixtures is influenced by the properties of the included aggregates, such as grading, shape (angularity and elongation), and texture (roughness). Complete and accurate quantification of aggregate properties is essential for understanding their influence on asphalt concrete and for selecting aggregates to produce high-quality paving mixtures. Recent developments in the use of digital image analysis techniques for quantifying aggregate morphological characteristics in asphalt concrete are summarized. Image morphological characteristics were used to quantify flatness and elongation of coarse aggregates, to estimate the proportion of natural sand in fine aggregates, and to correlate aggregate characteristics with engineering properties of asphalt concrete mixtures. Image analysis of sections also revealed information about the grading, shape, and orientation of coarse aggregates in a mixture. An overview is presented of the broad range of useful pavement engineering applications of this relatively new approach for evaluating aggregate characteristics. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Airfields & Pavements Div, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kuo, CY (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Airfields & Pavements Div, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06460-0 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 1998 IS 1615 BP 65 EP 71 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation SC Engineering; Transportation GA BN47Q UT WOS:000081981300009 ER PT S AU Zhou, WM Pamulapati, J Shen, H AF Zhou, WM Pamulapati, J Shen, H BE Lampropoulos, GA Lessard, RA TI Polarization controllable and monolithically integrable optical waveguide devices SO APPLICATIONS OF PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGY 3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Applications of Photonic Technology (ICAPT 98) CY JUL 27-30, 1998 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn AB Polarization controllable semiconductor optical waveguide material/devices have been design and studied using different type of strained quantum well heterostructures in the active region of the waveguide. A phase modulator devices has demonstrated a linear relative phase shift between the TE and TM polarizations with a V-pi of similar to 4 V. Another electro-absorption waveguide modulator structure has shown a bias tunable polarization mode so that the polarization properties can be actively controlled. We are also developing a monolithic integration techniques using selective epitaxial growth to achieve band gap variation within the same wafer and therefore, fabric integrated passive and active waveguide systems without high cost regrowth or device coupling. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhou, WM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2950-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3491 BP 410 EP 413 DI 10.1117/12.328765 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BM33Q UT WOS:000078414100073 ER PT J AU Ahmad, F Razzaghi, M AF Ahmad, F Razzaghi, M TI A numerical solution to the Gel'Fand-Levitan-Marchenko equation SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Mississippi State Conference on Differential Equations and Computational Simulations CY APR 07-08, 1995 CL MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV, MISSISSIPPI STATE, MS HO MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV ID SCATTERING AB In this paper a numerical method is developed to solve the inverse scattering problem associated with two Gel'fand-Levitan-Marchenko integral equations. This inverse problem is represented by two coupled partial differential equations. The solution of these partial differential equations is two kernel functions. These kernels are also related to each other through the Gel'fand-Levitan-Marchenko integral equations. Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto nodes are used to construct the N-th polynominal interpolation to approximate the solution of the kernel functions which are related to the scattering potential. An example is given to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method. (C) Elsevier Science Inc., 1998. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 EI 1873-5649 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 89 IS 1-3 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1016/S0096-3003(97)81646-3 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA YH021 UT WOS:A1998YH02100004 ER PT J AU Davis, SF AF Davis, SF TI Shock capturing with Pade methods SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Mississippi State Conference on Differential Equations and Computational Simulations CY APR 07-08, 1995 CL MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV, MISSISSIPPI STATE, MS HO MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; HIGH-RESOLUTION SCHEMES; EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION; DIFFERENCE-SCHEMES AB A fourth order conservative Pade shock capturing method for conservation laws is developed and tested. Conservation is maintained by applying the primitive function reconstruction method developed by Shu and Osher for ENO schemes to a Pade method. In particular, we study a nonsymmetric Pade approximation that we have not seen before. Limiters are used to prevent spurious oscillations near shocks and a Runge-Kutta method is used to march the solution in time. Numerical experiments are performed to find limiters which maintain accuracy at smooth extrema, minimize spurious oscillations near shocks and resolve high frequency smooth solutions. (C) Elsevier Science Inc., 1998. C1 USA, Res Off, Div Math & Comp Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP USA, Res Off, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 EI 1873-5649 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 89 IS 1-3 BP 85 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S0096-3003(97)81649-9 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA YH021 UT WOS:A1998YH02100007 ER PT J AU Arcidiacono, S Mello, C Kaplan, D Cheley, S Bayley, H AF Arcidiacono, S Mello, C Kaplan, D Cheley, S Bayley, H TI Purification and characterization of recombinant spider silk expressed in Escherichia coli SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLAVIPES DRAGLINE SILK; FIBROIN; PROTEIN AB A partial cDNA clone, from the 3' end of the dragline silk gene was isolated from Nephila clavipes major ampullate glands. This clone contains a 1.7-kb insert, consisting of a repetitive coding region of 1.4-kb and a 0.3-kb nonrepetitive coding region; 1.5-kb of the 1.7-kb fragment was cloned into Escherichia coli and a 43-kDa recombinant silk protein was expressed. Characterization of the purified protein by Western blot, amino acid composition analysis, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry confirms it to be spider dragline silk. C1 USA, Natick Army Res Dev & Eng Ctr, Div Biotechnol, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Arcidiacono, S (reprint author), USA, Natick Army Res Dev & Eng Ctr, Div Biotechnol, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 32 TC 109 Z9 119 U1 3 U2 26 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 49 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA YV768 UT WOS:000071861100005 PM 9487707 ER PT J AU Biswas, R Strawn, RC AF Biswas, R Strawn, RC TI Tetrahedral and hexahedral mesh adaptation for CFD problems SO APPLIED NUMERICAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Centre-for-Mathematical-Sciences Meeting on Grid Adaptation in Computational PDEs CY JUL 01-05, 1996 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Int Ctr Math Sci ID UNSTRUCTURED MESHES; GRIDS; GENERATION; REFINEMENT AB This paper presents two unstructured mesh adaptation schemes for problems in computational fluid dynamics. The procedures allow localized grid refinement and coarsening to efficiently capture aerodynamic flow features of interest. The first procedure is for purely tetrahedral grids; unfortunately, repeated anisotropic adaptation may significantly deteriorate the quality of the mesh. Hexahedral elements, on the other hand, can be subdivided anisotropically without mesh quality problems. Furthermore, hexahedral meshes yield more accurate solutions than their tetrahedral counterparts for the same number of edges, Both the tetrahedral and hexahedral mesh adaptation procedures use edge-based data structures that facilitate efficient subdivision by allowing individual edges to be marked for refinement or coarsening. However, for hexahedral adaptation, pyramids, prisms, and tetrahedra are used as buffer elements between refined and unrefined regions to eliminate hanging vertices. Computational results indicate that the hexahedral adaptation procedure is a viable alter-native to adaptive tetrahedral schemes. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MRJ Technol Solut, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, USA, AFDD, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Biswas, R (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MRJ Technol Solut, MS T27A-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9274 J9 APPL NUMER MATH JI Appl. Numer. Math. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 135 EP 151 DI 10.1016/S0168-9274(97)00092-5 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA YT547 UT WOS:000071618000012 ER PT J AU Holcomb, J MacPhee, M Hetz, S Harris, R Pusateri, A Hess, J AF Holcomb, J MacPhee, M Hetz, S Harris, R Pusateri, A Hess, J TI Efficacy of a dry fibrin sealant dressing for hemorrhage control after ballistic injury SO ARCHIVES OF SURGERY LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL USE; GLUE AB Objective: To determine if a dry fibrin sealant dressing (DFSD) will provide superior hemostasis when compared with regular gauze in a ballistic injury animal model. Design: A nonsurvival randomized goat study. Setting: A federal biomedical research institute. Subjects: Eighteen anesthetized Angora goats. Interventions: Uncontrolled hemorrhage was induced by a complex ballistic extremity injury. Control of hemorrhage was achieved by applying and holding pressure with the DFSD or regular gauze for 2 minutes. The dressings were left in place for 1 hour. Main Outcome Measures: Total blood loss, mean arterial pressure, ballistic injury, and mortality were recorded after 1 hour. Results: The injuries were equivalent for the 2 groups. No animal mortality was seen. After 1 hour, the mean (+/-SEM) blood loss was 124+/-64 mL in the DFSD-treated group and 377+/-64 mL in the gauze dressings-treated group (P=.01). Twenty minutes after injury, the mean arterial pressure was 95.0 mm Hg (+/-SEM, +/-4.7 mm Hg) in the DFSD-treated group and 70.0+/-5.0 mm Hg in the gauze dressings-treated group. The difference persisted for the remainder of the study (P=.01). Conclusion: The DFSD was superior to gauze in decreasing blood loss and maintaining blood pressure while retaining the simplicity of standard dressing application. C1 William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Holcomb, J (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawlwy E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 22 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0004-0010 J9 ARCH SURG-CHICAGO JI Arch. Surg. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 133 IS 1 BP 32 EP 35 DI 10.1001/archsurg.133.1.32 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA YQ717 UT WOS:000071416200006 PM 9438755 ER PT J AU Stojadinovic, A Shriver, CD Casler, JD Gaertner, EM York, G Jaques, DP AF Stojadinovic, A Shriver, CD Casler, JD Gaertner, EM York, G Jaques, DP TI Endoscopic laser excision of ectopic pyriform sinus parathyroid adenoma SO ARCHIVES OF SURGERY LA English DT Article AB Ectopic parathyroid adenomas are one of the causes of failed neck exploration for primary hyperthyroidism. Location of the ectopic gland in the pyriform recess is rarely described premortem. Moreover, removal of such an ectopically located gland using an endoscopic approach, thereby avoiding potentially morbid repealed open neck explorations, to our knowledge, has not been described. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Gen Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Head & Neck Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pathol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Shriver, CD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Gen Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0004-0010 J9 ARCH SURG-CHICAGO JI Arch. Surg. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 133 IS 1 BP 101 EP 103 DI 10.1001/archsurg.133.1.101 PG 3 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA YQ717 UT WOS:000071416200021 PM 9438768 ER PT J AU Niagro, FD Forsthoefel, AN Lawther, RP Kamalanathan, L Ritchie, BW Latimer, KS Lukert, PD AF Niagro, FD Forsthoefel, AN Lawther, RP Kamalanathan, L Ritchie, BW Latimer, KS Lukert, PD TI Beak and feather disease virus and porcine circovirus genomes: intermediates between the geminiviruses and plant circoviruses SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BANANA BUNCHY TOP; CHICKEN ANEMIA VIRUS; CLOVER STUNT VIRUS; FOLIAR DECAY VIRUS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; DNA-REPLICATION; PSITTACINE BEAK; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; COAT PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION AB Circoviruses are a diverse group of animal and plant pathogens with undefined relationships to one another but for their non-geminate, non-enveloped capsids and circular, single-stranded DNA genomes. The sequences of the beak and feather disease virus and porcine circovirus genomic DNAs are presented and analyzed in the context of the other members of the family. Sequence comparisons, inferred phylogenies, and geographic occurrence suggest that the ambisense circoviruses, particularly the beak and feather disease virus, represent an evolutionary link between the geminiviruses and the plant circoviruses. We propose that the family members be reclassified into three groups: The family Circoviridae consists of the animal pathogens (beak and feather disease virus and porcine circovirus) that possess ambisense genomes with striking similarities to the geminiviruses. The BBTV-Iike viruses include the plant pathogens (coconut foliar decay virus, banana bunchy top virus, subterranean clover stunt virus) with a geminivirus-like stem-loop element in their DNAs, and single to multiple component genomes. The chicken anemia virus is an unassigned virus possessing unique characteristics bearing little similarity to the other ssDNA viruses. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Psittacine Dis Res Grp, Athens, GA USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Niagro, FD (reprint author), USA, Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 64 TC 164 Z9 187 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1998 VL 143 IS 9 BP 1723 EP 1744 DI 10.1007/s007050050412 PG 22 WC Virology SC Virology GA 122FE UT WOS:000076060600006 PM 9787657 ER PT B AU Harvey, SP Blades, TA Szafraniec, LL Beaudry, WT Haley, MV Rosso, T Young, GP Earley, JP Irvine, RL AF Harvey, SP Blades, TA Szafraniec, LL Beaudry, WT Haley, MV Rosso, T Young, GP Earley, JP Irvine, RL BE Bunnett, JF Mikolajczyk, M TI Kinetic and toxicological parameters of 'mustard' (HD) hydrolysis and biodegradation SO ARSENIC AND OLD MUSTARD: CHEMICAL PROBLEMS IN THE DESTRUCTION OF OLD ARSENICAL AND 'MUSTARD' MUNITIONS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Chemical Problems Associated with Old Arsenical and 'Mustard' Munitions CY MAR 17-19, 1996 CL LODZ, POLAND SP N Atlantic Treaty Org, Sci Affairs Div, Programme Disarmament Technol, State Comm Sci Res, Poland, City Council, Lodz, Poland, Polish Acad Sci, Lodz Branch AB One technology being developed for potential use in the disposal of bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, otherwise known as 'mustard' or yperite or by the military code "HD", from the Aberdeen Proving Ground unitary chemical stockpile, is hydrolysis followed by biodegradation. Stockpile HD (89.2% pure) was hydrolyzed in 90 degrees C water at a concentration of 3.8 wt %. The reaction was complete (HD undetectable at 200 ppb level) and the product was typically 90-95% 2,2'-thiodiethanol, often called thiodiglycol. The complete product was amended with 1.5 g/L NH4Cl, 0.28 g/L KH2PO4, and trace mineral salts and fed to aerobic sequencing batch reactors seeded with activated sludge. The efficiency of carbon removal in the bioreactors was typically greater than 90% and the effluent was non-toxic as determined by aquatic toxicity tests. C1 USA, Ctr Dev & Engn, Edgewood Res, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Harvey, SP (reprint author), USA, Ctr Dev & Engn, Edgewood Res, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5175-4 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 1998 VL 19 BP 115 EP 122 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL57S UT WOS:000075922300007 ER PT J AU Finger, D Vogel, P AF Finger, D Vogel, P TI Clinical images: Carpal tunnel syndrome SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article C1 Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Finger, D (reprint author), Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 41 IS 1 BP 182 EP 182 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA YQ737 UT WOS:000071418200025 PM 9433886 ER PT S AU Vorontsov, MA AF Vorontsov, MA BE Gonglewshi, JD Vorontsov, MA TI Adaptive wavefront correction with self-organized control system architecture SO ARTIFICIAL TURBULENCE FOR IMAGING AND WAVE PROPAGATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Artificial Turbulence for Imaging and Wave Propagation CY JUL 20-21, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn DE adaptive imaging; adaptive phase distortion suppression; gradient descent optimization AB We discuss an adaptive optical system having a self-organized control channel hierarchy ("adaptive" adaptive imaging system). In this system changes in the quality metric are reflected by corresponding changes to the control algorithm structure. Numerical simulations of an adaptive imaging system with a self-organized control structure demonstrate a property unusual for model-free optimization methods: the algorithm convergence speed did not change, or at times even increased, when the number of control channels N increased. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Vorontsov, MA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2887-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3432 BP 68 EP 72 DI 10.1117/12.327971 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA BM07L UT WOS:000077548200007 ER PT S AU Polejaev, VI Ricklin, JC AF Polejaev, VI Ricklin, JC BE Gonglewshi, JD Vorontsov, MA TI Controlled phase diffuser for a laser communication link SO ARTIFICIAL TURBULENCE FOR IMAGING AND WAVE PROPAGATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Artificial Turbulence for Imaging and Wave Propagation CY JUL 20-21, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn DE turbulence simulation; laser communication; nonlinear optics; turbulence AB Laser beam propagation through atmospheric turbulence may result in strong intensity fluctuations at the receiver plane of a free-space communication link. To minimize intensity fluctuations, we consider an approach based on the use of a dynamic random phase diffuser placed in the transmissiter plane. To create a phase diffuser having controlled statistical properties, a nonlinear optical system with two-dimensional feedback (artificial optical turbulence generator) is used. This system can provide real-time laser beam spatial coherence control for a laser transmitter in order to optimize laser communication link performance. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Polejaev, VI (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2887-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3432 BP 103 EP 107 DI 10.1117/12.327975 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA BM07L UT WOS:000077548200011 ER PT B AU Buchheit, NA Smith, TL AF Buchheit, NA Smith, TL BE Hoadley, ED Benbasat, I TI On InfoWar SO ASSOCIATION FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAS CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th AIS Americas Conference on Information Systems CY AUG 14-16, 1998 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Assoc Informat Syst AB This paper discusses three dangers that accompany the integration of information technologies (IT) in the military environment. While this paper addresses IT and implications of information warfare, many similarities exist between the military and business organizations as they compete within their own unique battle space. Specifically, the abundance of information, the accuracy of information, and the authority of decision-makers are examined. C1 US Mil Acad, D EECS, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Buchheit, NA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, D EECS, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOCIATION INFORMATION SYSTEMS PI ATLANTA PA P.O. BOX 2712, ATLANTA, GA 30301-2712 USA PY 1998 BP 815 EP 817 PG 3 WC Business; Business, Finance; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Business & Economics; Computer Science GA BM34K UT WOS:000078432000274 ER PT B AU Eiker, EE Goldman, DM Davis, DW AF Eiker, EE Goldman, DM Davis, DW GP ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS TI A hybrid deterministic-risk-based approach to hydrologic dam safety analysis SO ASSOCIATION OF STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS 1998 ANNUAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 ASDSO Annual Conference - Dam Safety 98 CY OCT 11-14, 1998 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Assoc State Dam Safety Officials C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Civil Works Directorate, Hydraul & Hydrol Branch, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Eiker, EE (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Civil Works Directorate, Hydraul & Hydrol Branch, 20 Massachusetts Ave, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS PI LEXINGTON PA 450 OLD EAST VINE, 2ND FLOOR, LEXINGTON, KY 40507 USA PY 1998 BP 23 EP 34 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN59C UT WOS:000082313800003 ER PT B AU Woolery, E Hornbeck, S Robison, D AF Woolery, E Hornbeck, S Robison, D GP ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS TI Seepage remediation at Patoka Lake, Indiana SO ASSOCIATION OF STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS 1998 ANNUAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 ASDSO Annual Conference - Dam Safety 98 CY OCT 11-14, 1998 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Assoc State Dam Safety Officials AB Patoka Lake, constructed in the mid 1970's, required extensive foundation treatment to minimize leakage through highly solutioned limestone foundations. Treatments included both grouting and the construction of a concrete cutoff wall; however, minimal foundation treatment was performed in an area now experiencing sinkhole development and leakage. High (record) rainfalls in the Spring of 1996 forced reservoir waters into the spillway entrance where it remained for an extended amount of time. This resulted in the development of sinkholes and the subsequent reservoir leakage from the spillway to the Robert Hall Cave emergent downstream of the project. Consequently, the discharge at the Robert Hall weir experienced an increase from a normal 40 gpm to an estimated 4000 gpm. Total reservoir leakage was minimized by emergency sandbagging and filling of the sinkholes. Subsequent geotechnical and geophysical investigations were conducted to determine the most prudent temporary and permanent methods of repair. The investigations in the area of minimal foundation treatment have documented localized zones where the limestone section has undergone complete solutioning; therefore, without corrective action, the potential exists for loss of reservoir to approximately 30 feet below seasonal pool. A temporary levee has been constructed across the spillway entrance to provide an effective, cost efficient means to minimize further sinkhole development in the spillway floor until the design and construction of a multi-row grout cutoff is in place. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Geotech & Hydrol Branch, Louisville, KY 40201 USA. RP Woolery, E (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Geotech & Hydrol Branch, POB 59, Louisville, KY 40201 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS PI LEXINGTON PA 450 OLD EAST VINE, 2ND FLOOR, LEXINGTON, KY 40507 USA PY 1998 BP 109 EP 120 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN59C UT WOS:000082313800010 ER PT B AU Walz, AH AF Walz, AH GP ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS TI Performance parameters for embankment dams and foundations SO ASSOCIATION OF STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS 1998 ANNUAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 ASDSO Annual Conference - Dam Safety 98 CY OCT 11-14, 1998 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Assoc State Dam Safety Officials C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Geotech & Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20314 USA. RP Walz, AH (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Geotech & Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20314 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS PI LEXINGTON PA 450 OLD EAST VINE, 2ND FLOOR, LEXINGTON, KY 40507 USA PY 1998 BP 135 EP 142 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN59C UT WOS:000082313800012 ER PT B AU Foltz, S AF Foltz, S GP ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS TI A condition index for earth and rockfill embankment dams SO ASSOCIATION OF STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS 1998 ANNUAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 ASDSO Annual Conference - Dam Safety 98 CY OCT 11-14, 1998 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Assoc State Dam Safety Officials AB The US Army Corps of Engineers owns and operates over 500 large dams and spends approximately $200 million annually on their maintenance. Most of these dams have significant embankment sections. Funding for maintenance and repair (M&R) of these structures is becoming more difficult to obtain. All fevers of management are also asking for increasingly detailed justification before approving work. These resource limitations and justification demands require that M&R needs be prioritized with significantly greater care and the funds are spent efficiently. To assist managers with M&R planning and budgeting, a quantitative rating system for the condition of embankment dams is being developed. This rating system includes standardized inspection and condition rating procedures. It provides objective information to aid in prioritizing M&R for an embankment dam. It will be computerized and include data storage and handling capabilities, automated calculations, and reporting for work planning and budgeting purposes. The management system features a 100-point Condition Index (CI) that rates the structure on physical condition and the extent to which it is performing its intended function. The index is primarily a planning tool with the index values serving as an indicator of the general condition level of the structure. The index is meant to focus management attention on those structures most likely to warrant immediate repair or further evaluation. The ultimate goal is to achieve the best possible condition for embankment dam structures at a given funding level. Combined with economic analyses, these procedures assist in efficient M&R budget planning through the evaluation of current condition and comparison of various M&R alternatives. In addition to calculating the CI for the dam, the system also uses the collected information to produce priority rankings for the components. these numerical priority rankings are based on the condition and importance of the components and can be used to assist in prioritizing specific M&R tasks based on their effect on the performance of the dam. Application of this management system is based on an evaluation of inspection and instrumentation data according to a standardized procedure established for the system. Analysis of the dam begins with an engineer or engineers knowledgeable of the dam. They prioritize the sub-systems and components of the dam by developing importance weightings in a guided process using what are called "interaction matrices". The engineers also rate the condition of these sub-systems and components based on established criteria. The importance weightings and inspection information is entered into the system to compute the CI. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Labs, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Foltz, S (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Labs, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS PI LEXINGTON PA 450 OLD EAST VINE, 2ND FLOOR, LEXINGTON, KY 40507 USA PY 1998 BP 143 EP 155 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN59C UT WOS:000082313800013 ER PT B AU Wright, EL AF Wright, EL GP ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS TI Dworshak Dam foundation grouting SO ASSOCIATION OF STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS 1998 ANNUAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 ASDSO Annual Conference - Dam Safety 98 CY OCT 11-14, 1998 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Assoc State Dam Safety Officials C1 USACE, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. RP Wright, EL (reprint author), USACE, Walla Walla Dist,201 N 3rd St, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS PI LEXINGTON PA 450 OLD EAST VINE, 2ND FLOOR, LEXINGTON, KY 40507 USA PY 1998 BP 267 EP 276 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN59C UT WOS:000082313800023 ER PT B AU Tatro, SB AF Tatro, SB GP ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS TI A study of structural modifications to the lower snake river hydropower system SO ASSOCIATION OF STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS 1998 ANNUAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 ASDSO Annual Conference - Dam Safety 98 CY OCT 11-14, 1998 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Assoc State Dam Safety Officials C1 Corps Engineers, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. RP Tatro, SB (reprint author), Corps Engineers, Walla Walla Dist,201 N 3rd St, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS PI LEXINGTON PA 450 OLD EAST VINE, 2ND FLOOR, LEXINGTON, KY 40507 USA PY 1998 BP 327 EP 338 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN59C UT WOS:000082313800028 ER PT B AU Wise, JR AF Wise, JR GP ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS TI Sam Rayburn Dam and reservoir labyrinth spillway design and construction SO ASSOCIATION OF STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS 1998 ANNUAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 ASDSO Annual Conference - Dam Safety 98 CY OCT 11-14, 1998 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Assoc State Dam Safety Officials C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Ft Worth, TX 76102 USA. RP Wise, JR (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Ft Worth Dist,POB 17300,819 Taylor St, Ft Worth, TX 76102 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS PI LEXINGTON PA 450 OLD EAST VINE, 2ND FLOOR, LEXINGTON, KY 40507 USA PY 1998 BP 411 EP 420 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN59C UT WOS:000082313800035 ER PT B AU Wehrley, DR Nanda, SK AF Wehrley, DR Nanda, SK GP ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS TI Saylorville Dam unlined spillway channel remedial actions SO ASSOCIATION OF STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS 1998 ANNUAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 ASDSO Annual Conference - Dam Safety 98 CY OCT 11-14, 1998 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Assoc State Dam Safety Officials AB The Saylorville Lake emergency spillway is at the head of an erodible spillway channel and is subject to periodic overtopping. Each of the four overtopping events since this reservoir project was put into operation in 1977 caused considerable damages in the spillway channel, including washout of a road, embankment sloughing threatening private property, and extensive soil and rock erosion. The extent of the rock erosion even raised concerns about the spillway's capability of withstanding the spillway design flood. To address these concerns, the Rock Island District of the US Army Corps of Engineers instituted a multi-faceted remedial action plan. This plan consisted of construction of a concrete cutoff wall at the end of the apron, anchoring the caprock at the knickpoint of the channel, installation of pneumatic crest gates on the crest of the ogee spillway, and adding erosion protection in strategic areas of the spillway channel. By extending the cutoff wall down to a sound rock layer and anchoring the caprock, the integrity of the spillway structure is assured for flows as high as the spillway design flood. By reducing the frequency of overtopping events, the pneumatic crest gates will prevent damages for lower frequency events. Lastly, the erosion protection will preserve the critical caprock for intermediate spillway events. Together these remedial measures provide economical and effective protection to the unlined spillway channel. These remedial actions resulted in substantial cost savings compared to providing a lined channel or stilling basin. This paper describes some of the investigations that took place, how the remedial actions were implemented, and the design objectives and limitations of these remedial measures. The costs of these measures are also presented. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, ED, DM, Rock Island, IL 61204 USA. RP Wehrley, DR (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, ED, DM, Rock Isl Dist,POB 2004, Rock Island, IL 61204 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS PI LEXINGTON PA 450 OLD EAST VINE, 2ND FLOOR, LEXINGTON, KY 40507 USA PY 1998 BP 421 EP 433 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN59C UT WOS:000082313800036 ER PT B AU Grimes, K Hughes, RC AF Grimes, K Hughes, RC GP ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS TI Corps of Engineers/Tennessee Valley Authority cooperative dam safety emergency exercise SO ASSOCIATION OF STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS 1998 ANNUAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 ASDSO Annual Conference - Dam Safety 98 CY OCT 11-14, 1998 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Assoc State Dam Safety Officials C1 USA, Corps Engineers, CELRN EP G, Nashville, TN 37202 USA. RP Grimes, K (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, CELRN EP G, 801 Braodway,POB 1070, Nashville, TN 37202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS PI LEXINGTON PA 450 OLD EAST VINE, 2ND FLOOR, LEXINGTON, KY 40507 USA PY 1998 BP 631 EP 636 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN59C UT WOS:000082313800052 ER PT J AU Cionco, RM Ellefsen, R AF Cionco, RM Ellefsen, R TI High resolution urban morphology data for urban wind flow modeling SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Benefits of the Urban Forest CY MAR 07, 1995 CL SACRAMENTO, CA SP Sacramento Municipal Util Dist DE urban forests; morphology; urban terrain zones; databases; urban airflow; high resolution wind modeling AB The application of urban forestry methods and technologies to a number of practical problems can be further enhanced by the use and incorporation of localized, high resolution wind and temperature fields into their analysis methods. The numerical simulation of these micrometeorological fields will represent the interactions and influences of urban structures, vegetation elements, and variable terrain as an integral part of the dynamics of an urban domain. Detailed information of the natural and-man-made components that make up the urban area is needed to more realistically model meteorological fields in urban domains. Simulating high resolution wind and temperatures over and through an urban domain utilizing detailed morphology data can also define and quantify local areas where urban forestry applications can contribute to better solutions. Applications such as the benefits of planting trees for shade purposes can be considered, planned, and evaluated For their impact on conserving energy and cooling costs as well as the possible reconfiguration or removal of trees and other barriers for improved airflow ventilation and similar processes. To generate these fields, a wind model must be provided, as a minimum, the location, type, height, structural silhouette, and surface roughness of these components, in order to account for the presence and effects of these land morphology features upon the ambient airflow. The morphology of Sacramento, CA has been characterized and quantified inconsiderable detail primarily for wind flow modeling, simulation, and analyses, but can also be used for improved meteorological analyses, urban forestry, urban planning, and other urban related activities. Morphology methods previously developed by Ellefsen are applied to the Sacramento scenario with a high resolution grid of 100 m x 100 m. The Urban Morphology Scheme defines Urban Terrain Zones (UTZ) according to how buildings and other urban elements are structured and placed with respect to each other. The urban elements within the 100 m x 100 m cells (one hectare) are further described and digitized as building height, building footprint (in percent), reflectivity of its roof, pitched roofer flat, building's long axis orientation, footprint of impervious surface and its reflectivity, footprint of canopy elements, footprint of woodlots, footprint of grass area, and footprint of water surface. A variety of maps, satellite images, low level aerial photographs, and street level photographs are the raw data used to quantify these urban properties. The final digitized morphology database resides in a spreadsheet ready for use on ordinary personal computers. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 SAN JOSE STATE UNIV, SAN JOSE, CA 95192 USA. RP USA, RES LAB, ADELPHI, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 32 IS 1 BP 7 EP 17 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00274-4 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YJ504 UT WOS:A1998YJ50400003 ER PT S AU Fountzoulas, CG Demaree, JD Sengupta, LC Hirvonen, JK Dimitrov, D AF Fountzoulas, CG Demaree, JD Sengupta, LC Hirvonen, JK Dimitrov, D BE Barbour, JC Roorda, S Ila, D Tsujioka, M TI Tribological, properties of Si-DLC coatings synthesized with nitrogen argon plus nitrogen, and argon ion beams SO ATOMISTIC MECHANISMS IN BEAM SYNTHESIS AND IRRADIATION OF MATERIALS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium KK - on Atomistic Mechanisms in Beam Synthesis and Irradiation of Materials at the 1997 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-02, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Alabama A&M Univ, Ctr Irradiation Mat, High Volage Engn Europa B.v., Natl Electrostatics Corp, Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; DEPOSITION; FILMS AB Hard, adherent, and low-friction silicon-containing diamond-like carbon coatings (Si-DLC) have been synthesized at room temperature by 40 keV (N+ plus N-2(+)), 50%Ar+/50% (N+ plus N-2(+)), and Ar+ ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) of a tetraphenyl-tetramethyl-trisiloxane oil on silicon and sapphire substrates. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that all coatings were amorphous. The average coating wear rate and the average unlubricated steel ball-on-disk friction coefficient, mu, decreased with increasing fraction of nitrogen in the ion beam, along with an increase in the average coating growth rate. The Knoop microhardness and nanohardness values of the coatings synthesized by the mixed argon and nitrogen ion beam were higher than the values for the coatings synthesized with 100% nitrogen or 100% argon ion beams. These friction/wear improvements are tentatively attributed to both increased hardening due to greater penetration and ionization induced hardening by the lighter(N) ions and to the presence of SiO2 on the surface of N-bombarded samples. C1 USA, Res Lab, Div Mat, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Fountzoulas, CG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Div Mat, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM cfount@arl.mil; dimitar@udel.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-409-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 504 BP 259 EP 264 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BM67L UT WOS:000079427800039 ER PT S AU Demaree, JD Fountzoulas, CG Hirvonen, JK Monserrat, ME Halada, GP Clayton, CR AF Demaree, JD Fountzoulas, CG Hirvonen, JK Monserrat, ME Halada, GP Clayton, CR BE Barbour, JC Roorda, S Ila, D Tsujioka, M TI Synthesis of hard nitride coatings by ion beam assisted deposition SO ATOMISTIC MECHANISMS IN BEAM SYNTHESIS AND IRRADIATION OF MATERIALS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium KK - on Atomistic Mechanisms in Beam Synthesis and Irradiation of Materials at the 1997 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-02, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Alabama A&M Univ, Ctr Irradiation Mat, High Volage Engn Europa B.v., Natl Electrostatics Corp, Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd ID HOLLOW-CATHODE DISCHARGE; FILMS; CHROMIUM; TITANIUM; NITROGEN AB Ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) has been used to deposit chromium nitride coatings using 1200 eV nitrogen ions from an RF-type ion source and thermally evaporated chromium. The ion/atom arrival ratio R was varied from 0 to 8 to modify the coating composition, microstructure, growth rate and stress state in order to optimize the properties of the material for use as a possible substitute for electroplated chromium in a number of anti-corrosion and tribological applications. The coatings were examined using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contained up to 44 at % nitrogen in a mixture of bcc Cr-N, Cr2N, and CrN. The microstructure of the coatings was examined by scanning electron microscopy, and the tribological behavior of the coatings was examined using an automated scratch testing and nanoindentation. XPS examination of the coatings indicates that nitrogen near the surface was bound to the metal as CrN and Cr2N in most of the coatings studied by XPS, which is expected to significantly affect their corrosion behavior. The high R values needed to form large amounts of the CrN phase in the bulk of the coating causes significant sputtering during deposition. This study indicates that it is not possible to form a coating consisting solely of cubic CrN by IBAD under these experimental conditions (room temperature substrate and partial pressure of nitrogen of 1.8 x 10(-2) Pa). Nevertheless, the IBAD coatings produced were hard, in a compressive stress state, and highly adherent, all properties that make them candidates for use in selected Army applications. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Demaree, JD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-409-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 504 BP 271 EP 276 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BM67L UT WOS:000079427800041 ER PT S AU Chan, LA Nasrabadi, NM Torrieri, D AF Chan, LA Nasrabadi, NM Torrieri, D BE Sadjadi, FA TI Discriminative eigen targets for automatic target recognition SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition VIII CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE principal component analysis; eigen targets; eigen separation; Fisher linear discriminant; multilayer perceptron; automatic target recognition; FLIR imagery AB Three different linear transformations have been examined for their potential use as feature extractors for an automatic target recognition classifier. These transformations are based on a set of eigen targets, which are obtained through one of the following three methods: principal component analysis, the eigen separation transform, or the Fisher linear discriminant. From the sets of eigen targets obtained through each of the above methods, projection values of an input image are computed and fed to one or more multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) for training and testing purposes. With a fixed-structure MLP, each of the different eigen target sets are examined for their effects on the final recognition performance. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nasrabadi, NM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2820-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3371 BP 334 EP 345 DI 10.1117/12.323853 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL85K UT WOS:000076932900034 ER PT S AU Sims, SRF AF Sims, SRF BE Sadjadi, FA TI Signal to clutter measurement and ATR performance SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition VIII CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Missile Res Dev & Eng Ctr, IP,MG,RD,AMSAM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Sims, SRF (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Missile Res Dev & Eng Ctr, IP,MG,RD,AMSAM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2820-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3371 BP 398 EP 403 DI 10.1117/12.323857 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL85K UT WOS:000076932900040 ER PT J AU Johnson, RE Allen, JR Schultz, T Liening, DA Bell, AF AF Johnson, RE Allen, JR Schultz, T Liening, DA Bell, AF TI The effects of linear acceleration on distortion product otoacoustic emissions in human ears SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NORMALLY HEARING SUBJECTS AB Background: The effect of high levels of linear acceleration (G) on the cochlea has never been studied prospectively. Hypothesis: Linear acceleration at high levels has no effect on the human cochlea as demonstrated by a comparison of pre-and post-exposure measurements. Methods: There were 22 healthy volunteers who underwent exposure to up to 9 G in a military aviation training centrifuge. Prior to exposure they were screened for cochleovestibular disorders and underwent tympanometry, audiometry and distortion product otoacoustic emissions testing (DPOAE). Immediately after exposure, they underwent serial testing of each of these parameters until they returned to baseline. Results: There was no significant change in tympanometry in any subject. Audiometry revealed a temporary threshold shift of 30 db al 6 kHz in one ear of a single subject. This was accompanied by a complete loss of DPOAE at the same frequency. DPOAE did not return to baseline at 2 weeks even though the audiogram had reverted to baseline by 8 d. Four other ears displayed significant losses of emissions at single frequencies without an accompanying change on the audiogram. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that accelerative stress may cause transient injury to the cochlea. The mechanism of injury due to acceleration is probably ischemia, although a purely mechanical effect on the outer hair cells cannot be precluded. These data also reinforce a growing body of evidence that demonstrates the greater sensitivity of DPOAE over psychoacoustic resting in detecting early or subclinical cochlear damage. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, MCHK, DSH, Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Armstrong Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Johnson, RE (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, MCHK, DSH, Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 69 IS 1 BP 40 EP 44 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA YQ550 UT WOS:000071399000007 PM 9451532 ER PT J AU Pakhomova, ON Belt, ML Mathur, SP Lee, JC Akyel, Y AF Pakhomova, ON Belt, ML Mathur, SP Lee, JC Akyel, Y TI Ultra-wide band electromagnetic radiation does not affect UV-induced recombination and mutagenesis in yeast SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE UWB; recombination; mutagenesis; yeast; ultraviolet light ID EXPOSURE; RANGE AB Cell samples of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were exposed to 100 J/m(2) of 254 nm ultraviolet (UV) radiation followed by a 30 min treatment with ultra-wide band (UWB) electromagnetic pulses. The UWB pulses (101-104 kV/m, 1.0 ns width, 165 ps rise time) were applied at the repetition rates of 0 Hz (sham), 16 Hz, or 600 Hz. The effect of exposures was evaluated from the colony-forming ability of the cells on complete and selective media and the number of aberrant colonies. The experiments established no effect of UWB exposure on the UV-induced reciprocal and non-reciprocal recombination, mutagenesis, or cell survival. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USA, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Med Res Detachment, Microwave Bioeffects Branch,McKesson Bioserv, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Pakhomova, ON (reprint author), USA, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Med Res Detachment, Microwave Bioeffects Branch,McKesson Bioserv, 8303 Hawks Rd,Bldg 1168,Brooks AFB, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 1998 VL 19 IS 2 BP 128 EP 130 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(1998)19:2<128::AID-BEM12>3.0.CO;2-M PG 3 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA YV446 UT WOS:000071825000012 PM 9492171 ER PT J AU Jauchem, JR Seaman, RL Lehnert, HM Mathur, SP Ryan, KL Frei, MR Hurt, WD AF Jauchem, JR Seaman, RL Lehnert, HM Mathur, SP Ryan, KL Frei, MR Hurt, WD TI Ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses: Lack of effects on heart rate and blood pressure during two-minute exposures of rats SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE radiofrequency radiation; heart rate; blood pressure; cardiovascular system ID RADIATION AB Exposure to fast-rise-time ultra-wideband (UWB) electromagnetic pulses has been postulated to result in effects on biological tissue (including the cardiovascular system). In the current study, 10 anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to pulses produced by a Sandia UWB pulse generator (average values of exposures over three different pulse repetition rates: rise time, 174-218 ps; peak E field, 87-104 kV/m; pulse duration, 0.97-0.99 ns). Exposures to 50, 500 and 1000 pulses/s resulted in no significant changes in heart rate or mean arterial blood pressure measured every 30 s during 2 min of exposure and for 2 min after the exposure. The results suggest that acute UWB whole-body exposure under these conditions does not have an immediate detrimental effect on these cardiovascular system variables in anesthetized rats. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USAF, Radiofrequency Radiat Branch, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate,Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, McKesson BioServ, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Med Res Detachment,Microwave Bioeffects Br, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Trinity Univ, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), AFRL, HEDR, 8308 Hawks Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM james.jauchem@aloer.brooks.af.mil NR 20 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 1998 VL 19 IS 5 BP 330 EP 333 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(1998)19:5<330::AID-BEM7>3.0.CO;2-2 PG 4 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA ZW448 UT WOS:000074412000007 PM 9669547 ER PT J AU Pakhomov, AG Akyel, Y Pakhomova, ON Stuck, BE Murphy, MR AF Pakhomov, AG Akyel, Y Pakhomova, ON Stuck, BE Murphy, MR TI Current state and implications of research on biological effects of millimeter waves: A review of the literature SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Review DE electromagnetic fields; bioeffects; mm wave band; millimeter waves, review ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI-CELLS; RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; LOW-INTENSITY; CIRCULATORY FAILURE; 3X10(-3) W/CM(2); POWER RANGE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MICROWAVE IRRADIATION; FREQUENCY RADIATION; ISOLATED NERVE AB In recent years, research into biological and medical effects of millimeter waves (MMW) has expanded greatly. This paper analyzes general trends in the area and briefly reviews the most significant publications, proceeding from cell-free systems, dosimetry, and spectroscopy issues through cultured cells and isolated organs to animals and humans. The studies reviewed demonstrate effects of low-intensity MMW (10 mW/cm(2) and less) on cell growth and proliferation, activity of enzymes, state of cell genetic apparatus, function of excitable membranes, peripheral receptors, and other biological systems. In animals and humans, local MMW exposure stimulated tissue repair and regeneration, alleviated stress reactions, and facilitated recovery in a wide range of diseases (MMW therapy). Many reported MMW effects could not be readily explained by temperature changes during irradiation. The paper outlines some problems and uncertainties in the MMW research area, identifies tasks for future studies, and discusses possible implications for development of exposure safety criteria and guidelines. Bioelectromagnetics 19:393-413, 1998. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USA, MCMR, McKesson Bioserv, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. USA, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Med Res Detachment, San Antonio, TX USA. USA, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Pakhomov, AG (reprint author), USA, MCMR, McKesson Bioserv, 8308 Hawks Rd,Bldg 1168,Brooks AFB, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. NR 113 TC 156 Z9 179 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 1998 VL 19 IS 7 BP 393 EP 413 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(1998)19:7<393::AID-BEM1>3.0.CO;2-X PG 21 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 122GM UT WOS:000076063600001 PM 9771583 ER PT B AU Alving, BM Krishnamurti, C AF Alving, BM Krishnamurti, C BE Tsuchida, E TI Recent developments and future perspectives for preserved platelets and platelet substitutes SO BLOOD SUBSTITUTES PRESENT AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Blood Substitutes CY SEP 07-10, 1997 CL WASEDA UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN HO WASEDA UNIV ID EAR BLEEDING-TIME; ENHANCED SPECIFICITY; P-SELECTIN; LIFE-SPAN; FACTOR XA; TRANSFUSION; ACTIVATION; PSORALEN; LIGHT; THROMBOERYTHROCYTES C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Alving, BM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-20524-1 PY 1998 BP 359 EP 372 DI 10.1016/B978-044420524-7/50028-X PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Materials Science GA BM73H UT WOS:000079623300027 ER PT J AU Scremin, OU Shih, TM Li, MG Jenden, DJ AF Scremin, OU Shih, TM Li, MG Jenden, DJ TI Mapping of cerebral metabolic activation in three models of cholinergic convulsions SO BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE cholinesterase inhibitors; epilepsy; cerebral glucose utilization; pilocarpine; physostigmine; soman ID MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR SUBTYPES; LITHIUM PILOCARPINE MODEL; SOMAN-INDUCED SEIZURES; REGIONAL GLUCOSE USE; STATUS EPILEPTICUS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; HYPERTENSIVE RESPONSE; BLOOD-FLOW; RAT-BRAIN; PHYSOSTIGMINE AB Glucose utilization of four cerebral cortex and 35 subcortical regions (CGU) was analyzed in three models of cholinergic seizures induced by the following compounds: 1) soman (pinacolylmethylphosphonofluoridate) an organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor, 100 mu g/kg SC after pretreatment with pyridostigmine 26 mu g/kg IM (n = 6); 2) physostigmine, a carbamate cholinesterase inhibitor, 1.31 mg/kg infused IV over 75 min (n = 6); and 3) pilocarpine, a direct cholinergic agonist, 30 mg/kg SC (n = 6), Physostigmine and pilocarpine were preceded by 3 mmol/kg LiCl IP 20 hrs earlier, Animals injected with saline SC (n = 6) were used as controls, Step-wise discriminant analysis successfully classified 100% of the cases into the four experimental groups with data from only six regions, Pyridostigmine-soman induced the most widespread and greatest increases in CGU. More restricted and lower levels of activation were observed with Li-pilocarpine while Li-physostigmine induced significant increases in CGU only in globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus, and substantia nigra, These three regions, which are functionally related, were also activated in the other two models of cholinergic convulsions and may represent the initial step in cholinergic activation of the CNS, Li-pilocarpine failed to activate most of the brainstem and the superior colliculus. All cortical regions were activated by Li-pilocarpine and pyridostigmine-soman, while they were inhibited by Li-physostigmine. This phenomenon may be due in part to the lack of activation with physostigmine of the basal forebrain nuclei (lateral septum, medial septum, vertical and horizontal limbs of the diagonal band, and substantia innominata) resulting in a decreased drive of cortical metabolism. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 W Los Angeles Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Biomath, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Neurotoxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Scremin, OU (reprint author), W Los Angeles Vet Affairs Med Ctr, 11301 Wilshire Blvd,Bldg 115,Room 317, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0361-9230 J9 BRAIN RES BULL JI Brain Res. Bull. PY 1998 VL 45 IS 2 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1016/S0361-9230(97)00334-1 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA YN851 UT WOS:000071214500009 PM 9443835 ER PT J AU Genovese, RF Newman, DB Li, QG Peggins, JO Brewer, TG AF Genovese, RF Newman, DB Li, QG Peggins, JO Brewer, TG TI Dose-dependent brainstem neuropathology following repeated arteether administration in rats SO BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE antimalarial; arteether; artemisinin; neurotoxicity; rats ID NEUROTOXICITY; ARTEMETHER; MALARIA; QINGHAOSU AB Histopathological effects of the artemisinin antimalarial, beta-arteether, were evaluated in rats, Arteether (3.125-12.5 mg/kg/day, IM, in sesame oil) was administered for 7 consecutive days, Seven days following the last injection, histological evaluation of the brainstem was performed. Rats treated with 12,5 mg/kg showed significant neuropathology, including chromatolysis, in the nucleus trapezoideus and nucleus superior olive, To a lesser extent, neuropathology was present in the nucleus ruber, Mild neuropathology was also detected in other brainstem regions examined, Although no statistically significant neuropathology was found for the groups treated with 6.25 mg/kg/day and 3.125 mg/kg/day, substantial neuropathology was observed in a single rat in each of these treatment conditions. These results confirm and extend previous studies demonstrating brainstem neurotoxicity from artemisinin antimalarials. Furthermore, these results suggest that, in rats, brainstem auditory pathways may be particularly vulnerable. Early detection of arteether neuropathology may, therefore, require examination of auditory functions. Published 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Genovese, RF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 11 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0361-9230 J9 BRAIN RES BULL JI Brain Res. Bull. PY 1998 VL 45 IS 2 BP 199 EP 202 DI 10.1016/S0361-9230(97)00339-0 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA YN851 UT WOS:000071214500014 PM 9443840 ER PT J AU Jatoi, I AF Jatoi, I TI Timing of surgery for primary breast cancer with regard to the menstrual phase and prognosis SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; menstrual cycle; surgery; unopposed estrogen; progesterone ID DISEASE-FREE SURVIVAL; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; SURGICAL-TREATMENT; CLINICAL-TRIAL; CYCLE; GROWTH; PROGESTERONE; MASTECTOMY; OPERATION; CARCINOMA AB The hormonal milieu of the patient at the time of surgery may influence the prognosis of patients with primary breast cancer. Circulating unopposed estrogen is perhaps detrimental, while circulating progesterone may confer a survival advantage. This hypothesis has particular relevance to the timing of surgery in relation to the menstrual cycle. After all, the first 14 days of the menstrual cycle (follicular phase) are characterized by high levels of circulating unopposed estrogen, while circulating progesterone is present during the second 14 days of the cycle (luteal phase). Several retrospective studies have shown that surgery during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle results in a worse disease-free and overall survival. Randomized controlled trials addressing the effect of timing of surgery or neoadjuvant hormonal therapy on breast cancer mortality are urgently needed to confirm or refute the unopposed estrogen hypothesis. Such trials may provide important insights into the natural history of breast cancer, and a basis for significantly reducing breast cancer mortality. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Jatoi, I (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 1998 VL 52 IS 1-3 BP 217 EP 225 DI 10.1023/A:1006121117336 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 169MR UT WOS:000078753100017 PM 10066084 ER PT J AU Berman, JD Badaro, R Thakur, CP Wasunna, KM Behbehani, K Davidson, R Kuzoe, F Pang, L Weerasuriya, K Bryceson, ADM AF Berman, JD Badaro, R Thakur, CP Wasunna, KM Behbehani, K Davidson, R Kuzoe, F Pang, L Weerasuriya, K Bryceson, ADM TI Efficacy and safety of liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) for visceral leishmaniasis in endemic developing countries SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID SODIUM STIBOGLUCONATE; KALA-AZAR; MUCOSAL LEISHMANIASIS; TOXICITY; REGIMENS; DRUG AB Reported are the results of a study to determine the efficacy and safety of liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) for treating visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in several developing countries where the disease is endemic (Brazil, India, and Kenya). At each study site, sequential cohorts of 10 patients each were treated with AmBisome at a dose of 2 mg.kg(-1).day(-1) (2 MKD). The first cohort received regimen 1:2 MKD on days 1-6 and day 10 (total dose: 14 mg/kg). If the efficacy with this regimen was satisfactory, a second cohort received regimen 2: 2 MKD on days 1-4 and day 10 (total dose: 10 mg/kg); and a third cohort received regimen 3:2 MKD on days 1, 5, and 10 (total dose: 6 mg/kg). In India, regimens 1, 2 and 3 (which were studied concurrently) each cured 100% of 10 patients. In Kenya, regimen 1 cured all 10 patients, regimen 2 cured 90% of 10 patients, but regimen 3 cured only 20% of 5 patients. In Brazil, regimen 1 was only partially curative: 5 of 13 patients (62%). Therefore, 15 patients were administered regimen 4 (2 MKD for 10 consecutive days; total dose, 20 mg/kg) and 13 patients were cured (83%). These results suggest that for the treatment of kala-azar the following doses of AmBisome should be administered: in India and Kenya, 2 mg/kg on days 1-4 and day 10; and in Brazil, 2 mg/kg on days 1-10. C1 WHO, TDR Commun, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. WHO, Steering Comm Drugs African Trypanosomiasis Chaga, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. WHO, UNDP, World Bank, Special Programme Res & Training Trop Dis, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. US Army Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Bacteriol, Bangkok, Thailand. Univ Colombo, Dept Pharmacol, Fac Med, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Univ London Kings Coll Hosp, Hosp Trop Dis, London, England. Northwick Pk Hosp, Lister Unit Infect & Trop Dis, Harrow HA1 3UJ, Middx, England. WHO, Div Control Trop Dis, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Kenya Med Res Inst, Clin Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. Balaji Utthan Sanastan, Patna, Bihar, India. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Fed Bahia, Infect Dis Unit, Hosp Univ Professor Edgard Santos, Salvador, BA, Brazil. RP Berman, JD (reprint author), WHO, TDR Commun, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. NR 19 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1998 VL 76 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZQ227 UT WOS:000073836200004 PM 9615494 ER PT B AU Chesnutt, CB Miller, MC AF Chesnutt, CB Miller, MC BE Magoon, OT Converse, H Baird, B MillerHenson, M TI A systems approach to enhancing resource utilization in the coastal zone SO CALIFORNIA AND THE WORLD OCEAN '97 - TAKING A LOOK AT CALIFORNIA'S OCEAN RESOURCES: AN AGENDA FOR THE FUTURE, VOLS 1 AND 2, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT California and the World Ocean 97 Conference on Taking a Look at Californias Ocean Resources - An Agenda for the Future CY MAR 24-27, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA C1 USA, Corps Engineers, CECW, PF, Washington, DC 20314 USA. RP Chesnutt, CB (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, CECW, PF, 20 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20314 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0297-3 PY 1998 BP 461 EP 466 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BL35F UT WOS:000075224700063 ER PT J AU Piscitelle, LJ Roberts, N Segars, R AF Piscitelle, LJ Roberts, N Segars, R TI Analysis and comparison of two mathematical models using effluent vapor breakthrough data from carbon filter beds SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE modeling; adsorption properties AB A model based on a new derivation of the equations derived by Amundson and by Bohart and Adams to describe flow in carbon filter beds is presented. A scaling argument is used to explain the discarding of the local time derivative of effluent concentration and it is rigorously shown that the Bohart and Adams model is a special case of the model derived by Amundson. The theoretical results are supported by experimental data for carbon filter beds of different depths under various flow conditions. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, SSCOM, Adv Syst Concepts Directorate, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01765 USA. RP Piscitelle, LJ (reprint author), USA, SSCOM, Adv Syst Concepts Directorate, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01765 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 1998 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(97)00142-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA YR759 UT WOS:000071527400014 ER PT J AU Suzin, Y Buettner, LC LeDuc, CA AF Suzin, Y Buettner, LC LeDuc, CA TI Behavior of impregnated activated carbons heated to the point of oxidation SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE activated carbon; impregnation; thermal analysis ID COMBUSTION; BEDS AB Activated carbons can be impregnated with metal oxides (Cr, Cu, Ag, Mo, Zn, Co) and/or organic compounds (triethylenediamine (TEDA)) to help capture high vapor pressure substances. However, this process lowers the temperatures of initial oxidation and spontaneous ignition and affects both the CO and CO2 effluent concentrations upon heating. This study quantifies the depression of the point of initial oxidation (PIO) and attempts to find the cause of this depression for commercially available impregnated carbons. PIO and effluent CO and CO2 concentrations were determined with bed depths and linear how rates specified by current military filtration parameters. The impregnated carbons were repeatedly raised to their oxidation points and cooled, upon which it was found that each subsequent reaction occurred at a slightly higher temperature with the PIO apparently asymptotically approaching a value that was unique to each impregnant formulation. In order (from lowest to highest initial PIO) the carbons tested were ASZM-T (Cu, Ag, Mo, Zn, TEDA), ASC (Cr, Cu, Ag), ASZM (Cu, Ag, Mo, Zn), BPL-T (TEDA) and, as a reference, unimpregnated BPL carbon (all supplied by Calgon, Pittsburgh, PA). Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were applied to study the ignition mechanisms. Exothermic reduction of the chromium and copper oxides was found to initiate oxidation of ASC and ASZM, respectively. Thermal decomposition of TEDA, followed by copper oxide reduction, were found to be the initial steps in the ASZM-T ignition process. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, ERDEC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Buettner, LC (reprint author), USA, ERDEC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 1998 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1557 EP 1566 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(97)00137-1 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 136CU UT WOS:000076841200001 ER PT J AU Fletcher, WP Biaglow, AI AF Fletcher, WP Biaglow, AI TI Alkane cracking reactions in zeolites with coadsorbed metal halides SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Lewis acid; Bronsted acid; metal halide; zeolite; HY; boron trichloride; boron trifluoride; antimony pentafluoride; alkane; cracking ID SOLID ACID CATALYST; BENZENE AB HY which is loaded with SbF5, BCl3, or BF3 at low coverages one metal halide molecule per Bronsted acid site, is shown to be active in the isomerization and cracking of n-hexane and n-butane at room temperature. In contrast, NaY with the same metal halide loading shows greatly reduced activity under identical reaction conditions. The cracking reaction was repeated with DY in place of HY, demonstrating deuterium incorporation into the hexane isomer and light alkane products through interaction with the Bronsted site. Flow reactor studies demonstrate that the conversion is not constant as a function of time on stream, going through an induction period, reaching a maximum, at around 400 s, and then decaying to similar to 1% after 1 h. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Chem, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Biaglow, AI (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Chem, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PY 1998 VL 54 IS 4 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1023/A:1019069031059 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 129BW UT WOS:000076444200009 ER PT J AU Dehn, J AF Dehn, J TI Supercomputer modeling of ceramics undergoing high speed impact SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Shock Waves in Condensed Media CY SEP 02-06, 1996 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA AB This paper reviews work which has been carried out over the past few years using the Eulerian wave code HULL on a Cray2 supercomputer. A wide variety of cases are considered, from the response of bare ceramics to highspeed long-rod impact, to their response with moderate confinement as in the standard Depth Of Penetration test, to their response with very heavy confinement. The latter enables ceramics to completely defeat such a threat by forcing the metal rod to flow radially without penetrating the ceramic at all. Simulations of the influence of cover plates with and without adhesion layers will also be presented. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Dehn, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1074-1550 J9 CHEM PHYS REP+ JI Chem. Phys. Rep. PY 1998 VL 17 IS 1-2 BP 195 EP 201 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA 263BB UT WOS:000084101800021 ER PT J AU Suhner, A Schlagenhauf, P Johnson, R Tschopp, A Steffen, R AF Suhner, A Schlagenhauf, P Johnson, R Tschopp, A Steffen, R TI Comparative study to determine the optimal melatonin dosage form for the alleviation of jet lag SO CHRONOBIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE dosage form; jet lag; melatonin; sleep quality; travel medicine ID TIME ZONES; PERFORMANCE; SLEEP; FLIGHTS; HUMANS; TRAVEL; SHIFT AB To compare the impact of various dosage forms of melatonin and placebo on jet lag symptoms, 320 volunteers who had flights over 6 to 8 time zones were recruited for a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. The volunteers received either melatonin 0.5-mg fast-release (FR) formulation, melatonin 5-mg FR formulation, melatonin 2-mg controlled-release (CR) formulation, or placebo. The study medication was taken once daily at bedtime during 4 days after an eastward flight. The volunteers completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS), sleep log, and symptoms questionnaires once daily and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) three times daily prior to departure and during the 4 days of medication intake postflight. A total of 234 (73.1%) participants were compliant and completed the study. The FR melatonin formulations were more effective than the slow-release formulation. The 5-mg FR formulation significantly improved the self-rated sleep quality (p <.05), shortened sleep latency (p <.05), and reduced fatigue and daytime sleepiness (p <.05) after intercontinental flight. The lower physiological dose of 0.5 mg was almost as effective as the pharmacological dose of 5.0 mg. Only the hypnotic properties of melatonin, sleep quality and sleep latency, were significantly greater with the 5.0-mg dose. C1 Univ Zurich, Travel Clin, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Suhner, A (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Travel Clin, Sumatrastr 30, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. EM asuhner@ifspm.unizh.ch NR 34 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0742-0528 J9 CHRONOBIOL INT JI Chronobiol. Int. PY 1998 VL 15 IS 6 BP 655 EP 666 DI 10.3109/07420529808993201 PG 12 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 143ER UT WOS:000077242600007 PM 9844753 ER PT J AU Katial, RK Sachanandani, D Pinney, C Lieberman, MM AF Katial, RK Sachanandani, D Pinney, C Lieberman, MM TI Cytokine production in cell culture by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from immunocompetent hosts SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INFECTION; LYMPHOCYTES AB The production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) gamma interferon, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), TNF-beta, IL-5, and IL-10 in vitro by peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured from healthy immunocompetent subjects after mitogen stimulation was determined, The mitogens used were concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and Staphtylococcus aureus Cowen. The results obtained provide a normal range for the production of these cytokines under specified conditions in vitro. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Fitzsimons Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. RP Katial, RK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 16 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 5 IS 1 BP 78 EP 81 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YW073 UT WOS:000071893400016 PM 9455885 ER PT J AU Soto, J Fuya, P Herrera, R Berman, J AF Soto, J Fuya, P Herrera, R Berman, J TI Topical paromomycin methylbenzethonium chloride plus parenteral meglumine antimonate as treatment for American cutaneous leishmaniasis: Controlled study SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB We determined the efficacy of the combination of the topical formulation 15% paromomycin sulfate/12% methylbenzethonium chloride (MBCL) and a short course (7 days) of parenteral megluminc antimonate (pentavalent antimony [Sb]) as treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombian patients, Patients were randomly assigned in unequal allocation (2:1:1:1) to group 1 (topical paromomycin/MBCL plus injectable Sb for 7 days), group 2 (topical placebo plus injectable Sb for 7 days), group 3 (topical paromomycin/MBCL plus injectable Sb for 3 days), and group 4 (injectable Sb for 20 days), Cure was defined as complete reepithelialization of all lesions without relapse, Cure rates among groups were as follows: 58% (34 of 59), group 1; 53% (16 of 30), group 2; 20% (6 of 30), group 3; and 84% (26 of 31), group 4, Seventy-one percent of the organisms identified to the species level were Leishmania braziliensis panamensis. We conclude that 10 days of therapy with paromomycin/MBCL does not augment the response of cutaneous leishmaniasis (predominately due to L. braziliensis panamensis) to a short course of treatment with meglumine antimonate. C1 Univ Militar Nueva Granada, Bogota, Colombia. Univ Los Andes, CIMPAT, Ctr Invest Microbiol & Parasitol Trop, Bogota, Colombia. Direcc Sanidad Ejercito, Carpeta, Colombia. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. RP Soto, J (reprint author), Univ Militar Nueva Granada, AA 58537, Bogota, Colombia. NR 4 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 1 BP 56 EP 58 DI 10.1086/516267 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YR235 UT WOS:000071474500009 PM 9455509 ER PT J AU Andersen, SL Oloo, AJ Gordon, DM Ragama, OB Aleman, GM Berman, JD Tang, DB Dunne, MW Shanks, GD AF Andersen, SL Oloo, AJ Gordon, DM Ragama, OB Aleman, GM Berman, JD Tang, DB Dunne, MW Shanks, GD TI Successful double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled field trial of azithromycin and doxycycline as prophylaxis for malaria in western Kenya SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 17-21, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; CHLOROQUINE; MEFLOQUINE; VOLUNTEERS; AGENT AB Azithromycin prevents malaria in animal models and early clinical trials. We determined the prophylactic efficacy of three antibiotic regimens given for 10 weeks (azithromycin, 250 mg daily; azithromycin, 1,000 mg weekly; and doxycycline, 100 mg daily) relative to that of placebo for 232 adult volunteers residing in apt area of intense malaria transmission. Any confirmed parasitemia during the study was considered a prophylactic failure. Two hundred thirteen volunteers (92%) completed the study, The prophylactic efficacies were as follows: daily azithromycin, 82.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68.5%-91.1%); weekly azithromycin, 64.2% (95% CI, 47.1%-77.1%); and daily doxycycline, 92.6% (95% CI, 79.9%-97.5%). AU regimens were well tolerated, We concluded that both 100 mg of doxycycline and 250 mg of azithromycin, given daily, were effective as prophylaxis for malaria in this setting. If studies with nonimmune volunteers confirm these results for semi-immune volunteers, a daily azithromycin regimen may have special utility for individuals with contraindications to treatment with doxycycline or other antimalarial agents. C1 USA, Med Res Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Med Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. Pfizer Inc, Pfizer Cent Res, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RP Andersen, SL (reprint author), 1771 City Hts Dr, St Paul, MN 55117 USA. RI Shanks, George Dennis/F-4056-2014 OI Shanks, George Dennis/0000-0001-5763-8660 NR 19 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 1 BP 146 EP 150 DI 10.1086/516281 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YR235 UT WOS:000071474500024 PM 9455524 ER PT J AU Batts, KB Glorioso, JE Williams, MS AF Batts, KB Glorioso, JE Williams, MS TI The medical demands of the special athlete SO CLINICAL JOURNAL OF SPORT MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE special athlete; Olympic competition; mentally handicapped; able-bodied athlete; physically disabled athlete; medical attention rate ID SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN; INJURIES AB Objective: To identify the most common injuries and medical conditions experienced by the mentally handicapped athlete during Special Olympic competition. Design: A longitudinal, observational, and prospective study. Setting: Hawaii Special Olympic Summer Games, 1993-1996. Participants: A total of 2326 athletic participants were registered during a 4-year period in the Hawaii Special Olympic Summer Games. The athletes ranged in age from 8 to 76 years. Intervention: Medical encounter forms were documented by physicians and nurses on participants heated at aid stations located at the athletic venues and Olympic village during competition. Main Outcome Measures: The number and type of injuries and medical conditions encountered during Special Olympic competition were recorded on standard medical forms supplied by the U.S. Special Olympic Committee. Results: Ninety athletes (3.87%) required medical attention during four annual Special Olympic Summer Games. A total of 52 (57.8%) injuries and 38 (42.2%) medical conditions were reported during the 4 years. Of the 90 encounters, 86.7% (n = 78) were acute and 13.3% (n = 12) were nonacute medical problems. More than 61% (n = 55) of the injuries and medical conditions occurred during actual competition. The majority of injuries occurred during track and field events (n = 25, 56%), and the most commonly injured site was the knee. Conclusions: Despite preexisting medical conditions and physical limitations of the Special Olympian, most of the medical demands encountered during athletic competition are acute, minor injuries. No athlete sustained more than one injury during the period studied. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Family Practice & Community Med, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Family Practice & Community Hlth, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USA, Hlth Clin, Yuma Proving Ground, AZ USA. RP Batts, KB (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Family Practice & Community Med, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-642X J9 CLIN J SPORT MED JI Clin. J. Sport Med. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 8 IS 1 BP 22 EP 25 DI 10.1097/00042752-199801000-00006 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Physiology; Sport Sciences GA ZG782 UT WOS:000073038900006 PM 9448953 ER PT J AU Kaplan, FS Gannon, FH Hahn, GV Wollner, N Prauner, R AF Kaplan, FS Gannon, FH Hahn, GV Wollner, N Prauner, R TI Pseudomalignant heterotopic ossification - Differential diagnosis and report of two cases SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MYOSITIS-OSSIFICANS; PROGRESSIVA; HISTORY AB Pseudomalignant heterotopic ossification is a rare, self limited connective tissue disorder of unknown origin that may occur atypically during childhood and can simulate either soft tissue sarcoma or fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, A complex constellation of diagnostic features usually enable the differentiation of pseudomalignant heterotopic ossification from extraosseous osteosarcoma and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva during a time span of approximately 8 to 12 necks, Orthopaedic surgeons who treat children with connective tissue tumors should be familiar with pseudomalignant heterotopic ossification and its differential diagnosis, The occasional mild and variable expression of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva rarely may make it more difficult to distinguish from pseudomalignant heterotopic ossification, It is possible that pseudomalignant heterotopic ossification is a fomre fruste of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Metab Bone Dis & Mol Orthopaed, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10021 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Pediat Hematol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Kaplan, FS (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Metab Bone Dis & Mol Orthopaed, Silverstein 2,3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD JAN PY 1998 IS 346 BP 134 EP 140 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA YT798 UT WOS:000071646100020 PM 9577421 ER PT B AU Smith, JB Pope, J Tabar, J AF Smith, JB Pope, J Tabar, J BE Allsop, NWH TI Examination of a prefabricated submerged breakwater - preliminary results: Vero Beach, Florida, USA SO COASTLINES, STRUCTURE AND BREAKWATERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Coastlines, Structure and Breakwaters CY MAR 19-20, 1998 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP Inst Civil Engineers, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Assoc Tech Officers, Environm Agcy, Japan Soc Civil Engineers, MAFF, Permanent Int Assoc Navigat Congresses AB Indian River County. Florida, USA has experienced significant shoreline erosion along portions of its coastline. In August 1996, a 915-m long prefabricated modular concrete unit submerged breakwater was deployed 70 m to 80 m offshore of the City of Vera Beach, Florida. The design of this narrow-crested submerged breakwater, installed as an erosion and wave energy reduction measure, incorporated lessons from a previous installation at Palm Beach, Florida (Dean et al., 1994a), and additional basin model tests (Dean et al., 1994b). To evaluate the effectiveness of the breakwater, a three-year monitoring program is being conducted by Indian River County and the US Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station. The program includes quarterly hydrographic and topographic surveys, wave transmission, breakwater settlement, and scour measurements. The purpose of the program is to determine profile and areal volumetric changes, wave attenuation effects, structure stability and shoreline response relative to pre-project conditions. A unique challenge to the monitoring program includes the presence of an irregular natural limestone reef which causes variable wave transformation, and an inshore perched sand wedge which shifts onshore and offshore in response to seasonal variations and episodic events. Preliminary findings concerning shoreline response, sediment volumetric changes, wave transmission effects, and breakwater settlement relative to pre-project conditions are presented. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Smith, JB (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU THOMAS TELFORD SERVICES LTD PI LONDON PA THOMAS TELFORD HOUSE, 1 HERON QUAY, LONDON E14 4JD, ENGLAND BN 0-7277-2668-4 PY 1998 BP 94 EP 105 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP22F UT WOS:000084439100009 ER PT S AU Morton, DC Wood, GL AF Morton, DC Wood, GL BE Hopper, DG TI Display research at army research laboratory SO COCKPIT DISPLAY V: DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit Displays V - Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 15-17, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn DE displays; electroluminescence; field emitters; organic; phosphors AB The Army Research Laboratory has had an active program in displays for many years since all Army systems require displays of some type. Historically the program was predominately a 6.2 to 6.3 development work Over the last few years the emphasis has been changing to more basic work This paper discusses our current program. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE EO, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Morton, DC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE EO, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2812-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3363 BP 430 EP 435 DI 10.1117/12.321811 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL84Q UT WOS:000076921600045 ER PT B AU Flanders, SN AF Flanders, SN BE Newcomb, DE TI Considerations for deactivating army buildings in Alaska SO COLD REGIONS IMPACT ON CIVIL WORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering CY SEP 27-30, 1998 CL DULUTH, MN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Reg Engn, Amer Soc Civil Engineers Duluth Sect AB Three buildings on Army bases in Alaska (a barracks and a theater at Fort Richardson, near Anchorage, and a single-family housing unit at Fort Greely, near Delta Junction and 90 miles southeast of Fairbanks) were deactivated to study strategies to allow them to be unheated and subsequently reactivated with minimum expense. The study demonstrated that draining plumbing systems, recharging them with propylene glycol, and redraining them effectively minimized damage, Damage to interior finish was minimal after 2.3 years, Life-cycle energy cost calculations indicated that deactivating a single-family dwelling would save between S3,800 and $7,300 per year, depending on location, and that deactivating a barracks would save between $17,300 and $33,400 per year, depending on location, versus keeping them heated. The product of the study was an easy-to-follow Handbook for Activation and Deactivation of Buildings. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Civil Engn Res Div, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Flanders, SN (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Civil Engn Res Div, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0379-1 PY 1998 BP 86 EP 95 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BN19S UT WOS:000081048500009 ER PT B AU Korhonen, C Hughes, J Best, F Mass, G AF Korhonen, C Hughes, J Best, F Mass, G BE Newcomb, DE TI Low-temperature repair of the ice condenser floor slab at the sequoyah nuclear power plant SO COLD REGIONS IMPACT ON CIVIL WORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering CY SEP 27-30, 1998 CL DULUTH, MN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Reg Engn, Amer Soc Civil Engineers Duluth Sect AB A lightweight portland cement concrete was pumped more than 100 m horizontally and 10 m vertically and placed, finished, and cured at below-freezing temperatures with minimal thermal protection. A low-temperature accelerator, two plasticizers, and a low w/cm (water/cementitious) ratio produced the desired results. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Korhonen, C (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0379-1 PY 1998 BP 258 EP 270 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BN19S UT WOS:000081048500025 ER PT B AU Martel, CJ AF Martel, CJ BE Newcomb, DE TI Natural dewatering of alum sludge in freezing beds SO COLD REGIONS IMPACT ON CIVIL WORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering CY SEP 27-30, 1998 CL DULUTH, MN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Reg Engn, Amer Soc Civil Engineers Duluth Sect AB After several years of research, the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) has developed a new unit operation for dewatering sludge called a sludge freezing bed. It differs from other natural freezing operations in that it maximizes the amount of sludge that can be frozen. The freezing bed is a particularly attractive alternative for dewatering alum sludge, because no conditioning chemicals are required and the remaining granular material can be left to accumulate in the bed for several years. Equations are presented that can be used to size the freezing bed according to local climatic conditions. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Martel, CJ (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0379-1 PY 1998 BP 282 EP 291 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BN19S UT WOS:000081048500027 ER PT B AU Zufelt, JE AF Zufelt, JE BE Newcomb, DE TI Detecting ice jam events SO COLD REGIONS IMPACT ON CIVIL WORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering CY SEP 27-30, 1998 CL DULUTH, MN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Reg Engn, Amer Soc Civil Engineers Duluth Sect AB Ice jams result in over $125 million in damages annually across the northern United States. In many communities, ice jams are a recurrent threat, prompting mitigation measures to minimize their impact. Some ice jam control measures are designed to operate successfully with little or no human intervention or control, such as an ice control structure designed to retain ice upstream of a community. Other forms of ice control may require operational measures: a crane or backhoe placed at abridge and only utilized when ice becomes jammed in the opening during an ice run. Identification of when and where ice jams occur is key to the successful design, construction, and operation of ice jam mitigation schemes. This paper presents a compilation of methods used to infer or detect when and where an ice jam has occurred or is impending. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Zufelt, JE (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0379-1 PY 1998 BP 362 EP 372 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BN19S UT WOS:000081048500034 ER PT B AU Daly, SF Brunner, G Piper, S Jensen, M Tuthill, A AF Daly, SF Brunner, G Piper, S Jensen, M Tuthill, A BE Newcomb, DE TI Modeling ice-covered rivers using HEC-RAS SO COLD REGIONS IMPACT ON CIVIL WORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering CY SEP 27-30, 1998 CL DULUTH, MN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Reg Engn, Amer Soc Civil Engineers Duluth Sect ID JAMS AB The ability to model ice-covered channels has been added to the Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). The ice cover thickness and hydraulic roughness can be entered by the user, or the ice cover can be modeled as a wide-river ice jam, in which case the jam thickness is estimated by HEC-RAS. For the wide-river jam, the user enters the material properties of the ice jam and its extent. Information describing the ice cover and ice properties can be entered for each individual cross section using an ice information editor or can be entered for a number of cross sections using a table. Results can be viewed in tabular or graphical form. Graphical output includes cross section plots, profile plots, and perspective plots displaying the ice cover extent and thickness. In addition, profile plots of other ice information, such as thickness and volume, can be readily displayed. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Daly, SF (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0379-1 PY 1998 BP 373 EP 383 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BN19S UT WOS:000081048500035 ER PT B AU Henry, KS Holtz, RD Ellis, E AF Henry, KS Holtz, RD Ellis, E BE Newcomb, DE TI Reducing frost heave with capillary barriers: Interim results SO COLD REGIONS IMPACT ON CIVIL WORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering CY SEP 27-30, 1998 CL DULUTH, MN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Reg Engn, Amer Soc Civil Engineers Duluth Sect AB Capillary barriers are placed between the water table and the freezing front in soils to potentially reduce/prevent frost heave above the barrier by restricting water flow to the freezing front. Research about the use of geosynthetic capillary barriers in pavements so that fine-grained soils might be allowed in the structural section is now being conducted. Geotextiles and geocomposites were placed in frost-susceptible soil that was frozen at conditions representative of those in the field. Results indicate that geotextiles as received from the manufacturer were effective capillary barriers, but they were markedly less effective after they are moistened and have soil fines in them. Moistened geocomposites containing soil fines were more effective capillary barriers than moistened geotextiles for the soil and conditions tested. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Civil Engn Res Div, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Henry, KS (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Civil Engn Res Div, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0379-1 PY 1998 BP 434 EP 436 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BN19S UT WOS:000081048500040 ER PT B AU White, KD Acone, SE AF White, KD Acone, SE BE Newcomb, DE TI Ice-cover thickening at river-reservoir confluences: A case study SO COLD REGIONS IMPACT ON CIVIL WORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering CY SEP 27-30, 1998 CL DULUTH, MN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Reg Engn, Amer Soc Civil Engineers Duluth Sect AB Breakup ice jams commonly form at locations where the river slope changes from steep to mild, such as river-reservoir confluence areas. Several mechanisms favor the formation of ice jams at these locations, including hydraulic (e.g., river transport capacity), mechanical (e.g., bulk ice strength), and combinations of both (e.g., changes in discharge and stage may result in breakup of the ice cover on the river but not on the reservoir). In some cases, frazil ice deposition results in thicker ice at the confluence than in the river upstream, thus providing increased resistance to the breakup and transport of ice through the confluence area. The Aroostook River at Fort Fairfield, Maine, provides an example of this situation. Breakup ice jams that form at the confluence of the river and the pool formed by Tinker Dam have caused severe flooding in For? Fairfield. The present analysis addresses two possible causes of ice thickening at the confluence: shoving during initial ice-cover formation and frazil deposition after initial ice-cover formation. The location and thickness of frazil ice deposits has traditionally been predicted using a critical velocity criterion. However, in a number of locations, including the Aroostook River, field data indicate that this criterion is inadequate. Recently developed frazil transport theory shows promise as a more accurate predictor of frazil deposition. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ice Engn Res Branch, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP White, KD (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ice Engn Res Branch, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0379-1 PY 1998 BP 457 EP 466 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BN19S UT WOS:000081048500043 ER PT B AU Kestler, MA Krat, AS Roberts, G AF Kestler, MA Krat, AS Roberts, G BE Newcomb, DE TI Winter tenting of highway pavements SO COLD REGIONS IMPACT ON CIVIL WORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering CY SEP 27-30, 1998 CL DULUTH, MN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Reg Engn, Amer Soc Civil Engineers Duluth Sect AB It is estimated that pavements subjected to seasonal freezing have approximately 50% of the maintenance-free life of pavements in nan-frost areas. Non uniform frost heaving during the winter and early spring and loss of pavement strength during thawing result in a variety of pavement distresses including cracking and rutting. In contrast to these distresses, which over the years have received considerable attention in the literature, tenting has received very little attention. Tenting consists of localized heaving in the immediate vicinity of transverse cracks. It typically produces a highly irregular riding surface, particularly toward the end of the winter season, and can lead to rapid premature deterioration of the pavement surface. There have been unofficial estimates of as much as 10 cm (4 in.) of rise over a horizontal distance of approximately 3.3 m(10 ft). In contrast to most frost-related distresses, tenting is not unique to low volume roads; it occurs just as frequently on highways that have been designed for high volumes of traffic and for withstanding freezing and thaw weakening. Furthermore, it is frequently exhibited by pavements that are in otherwise good condition. Because the distribution of salinity (from road salt) within the base course is suspected to be a primary contributor toward tenting, about a dozen transverse cracks in New Hampshire were monitored throughout several winter/spring seasons. Sensors were installed to monitor salt concentration, moisture content, subsurface temperature, and freezing point depression. Pavement elevation surveys were conducted throughout the freeze season to monitor tent formation. At the end of the winter, arrays of base course samples were taken immediately beneath and adjacent to the cracks. This paper dis cusses results from field and lab testing and theorizes about the causes and mechanics of tenting. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Kestler, MA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0379-1 PY 1998 BP 501 EP 512 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BN19S UT WOS:000081048500047 ER PT B AU Mather, B AF Mather, B BE Newcomb, DE TI How to make concrete that will be immune to the effects of freezing and thawing SO COLD REGIONS IMPACT ON CIVIL WORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering CY SEP 27-30, 1998 CL DULUTH, MN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Reg Engn, Amer Soc Civil Engineers Duluth Sect AB Concrete will be immune to the effects of freezing and thawing if (1) it is not in an environment where freezing and thawing take place so as to cause freezable water in the concrete to freeze, (2) when freezing takes place there are no pores in the concrete large enough to hold freezable water (i.e., no capillary cavities), (3) during freezing of freezable water, the pores containing freezable water are never more than 91 percent filled, i.e., not critically saturated, (4) during freezing of freezable water the pores containing freezable water are more than 91 percent full, the paste has an air-void system with an air bubble located not more than 0.2 mm (0.008 in.) from anywhere ((L) over bar less than or equal to 0.2 mm), sound aggregate, and moderate maturity. Sound aggregate is aggregate that does not contain significant amounts of accessible capillary pore space that is likely to be critically saturated when freezing occurs. The way to establish that such is the case, is to subject properly air-entrained, properly mature concrete, made with the aggregate in question, to an appropriate laboratory freezing-and-thawing test such as ASTM C 666 Procedure A. Moderate maturity means that the originally mixing water-filled space has been reduced by cement hydration so that the remaining capillary porosity that can hold freezable water is a small enough fractional volume of the paste so that the expansion of the water on freezing can be accommodated by the air-void system. Such maturity will have been attained when the compressive strength reaches about 28 MPa (4,000 psi). C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Mather, B (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Struct Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0379-1 PY 1998 BP 721 EP 730 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BN19S UT WOS:000081048500068 ER PT J AU Levendis, YA Atal, A Carlson, JB AF Levendis, YA Atal, A Carlson, JB TI PAH and soot emissions from combustion of coal and waste tire-derived-fuel in fixed beds SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Congress on Combustion by-Products: Management of Risk from Combustion Sources CY JUN 25-27, 1997 CL UNIV DAYTON, RES INST, DAYTON, OHIO SP NIEHS, US EPA, Off Res & Dev, USAF, Wright Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Coalit Responsible Waster Incinerat, Cement Kiln Recycling Coalit, Univ Dayton HO UNIV DAYTON, RES INST DE coal combustion; waste tire combustion; PAH; CO; soot; NOx emissions ID PULVERIZED COAL; PLASTICS; CRUMB AB This is a laboratory investigation on the emissions from batch combustion of waste tire-derived-fuel (TDF) and coal in fixed beds. The goal was to compare the magnitude of the emissions of this mode of combustion to that of continuous combustion of streams of particles of the same fuels in pulverized form, conducted previously (Levendis et al., 1996; Levendis et at, 1998). In the experiments herein waste tire chunks tin the range of 3-9 mm), tire crumb (180-212 mu m) and bituminous coal (63-75 mu m) were burned in a horizontal muffle furnace, at a gas temperature of approximate to 1000 degrees C. The fuel mass loading in the furnace was varied; the residence time of the post-combustion gases was approximate to 1 s. At the exit of the furnace CO, CO2, NOx, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and particulate emissions were measured. Results showed that the PAH emissions from batch combustion of tire chunks were higher than those from lire crumb, which in turn were an order of magnitude higher than those from coal, under similar combustion conditions. Increasing the mass loading for both tire crumb and pulverized coal, increased the specific emissions of PAHs. Increasing the segmentation of the tire, at a fixed mass loading also increased the specific PAH emissions. Emissions of particulates closely followed the trend of PAH emissions. Batch combustion of tire chunks resulted in higher particulate yields than tire crumb, with pulverized coal a distant third. Specific CO emissions from batch combustion of TDF were an order of magnitude higher than those from coal combustion. For both fuels, CO emissions were detected during the release and combustion of the volatiles only. On the other hand, specific CO2, and, especially, NO, emissions from batch combustion of tire crumb were lower than those from coal. The comparison of the emissions of batch combustion of pulverized fuels in fixed beds with those of continuous combustion of streams of particles was conducted under laminar flow conditions, similar gas temperatures and similar post combustion residence times. Results showed that (i) the PAH and CO emissions of tire crumb were much lower in the latter mode of combustion, even at bulk equivalence ratios as high as 1.4; (ii) to the contrary, for coal the mode of combustion had little influence on the PAH and CO emissions. C1 Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Levendis, YA (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 1998 VL 134 IS 1-6 BP 407 EP + DI 10.1080/00102209808924143 PG 26 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 262XH UT WOS:000084093200022 ER PT J AU Levendis, YA Atal, A Courtemanche, B Carlson, JB AF Levendis, YA Atal, A Courtemanche, B Carlson, JB TI Burning characteristics and gaseous/solid emissions of blends of pulverized coal with waste tire-derived fuel SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flame characteristics; emissions bulk equivalence ratio ID CALCIUM-MAGNESIUM ACETATE; INTERACTIVE PROCESSES; BITUMINOUS COAL; COMBUSTION; TEMPERATURES; PARTICLES; PYROMETERS; GASIFICATION; CARBON AB This work examined the combustion behavior (flame characteristics and temperatures) and the emissions (SO2, NO, NO2, CO, CO2, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), soot and ash) from blends of a pulverized bituminous coal and ground waste automobile tires. The following fuel feed compositions were examined: 100% coal, 75-25% and 50-50% coal and tire blends, as well as 100% tire. Coal and tire particles were in the size ranges of 63-75 and 180-212 fun, respectively. Combustion of cylindrical streams of particles took place under steady flow conditions, in an electrically-heated drop-tube furnace in air, at a gas temperature of 1150 degrees C and a particle heating rate of approximate to 10(5) degrees C/s. The bulk equivalence ratio, phi, in the furnace was varied in the range of 0.5 to 2, by varying the particle mass loading. Combustion observations on burning clouds of particles were conducted with simultaneous pyrometry and cinematography. Interparticle flame interactions were visually observed mostly in the near-stoichiometric and fuel-rich regions. Volatile flame interactions were apparent at a lower phi for tire crumb particles than for coal particles and became progressively more intense with increasing phi, until, at sufficiently high phi s large group flames formed for tire particles. As particle flame interactions increased, average maximum temperatures in the flame decreased. Coal particles resisted the formation of group flames, even at high phi s. Such observations correlated with the trends observed for the PAH emissions of the two fuels, those of tire crumb being much higher than those of coal and commencing at a lower phi. A certain degree of stratification in the combustion of blends of particles of the two fuels was observed. This kept the PAH emissions at levels much lower than those expected based on the weighted average emissions of the two fuels. NOx emissions from tires were much lower than those of coal, while those of the blends were close to the weighted average emissions. Combustion of fuel blends in the two aforementioned particle size cuts, generated the lowest NOx emissions when the small coal particles were combined with either the small or the large tire particles. SO2 emissions from the blends were found to be close to the weighted average emissions of the two fuels. Blending coal with tire reduced the CO2 emissions of coal but increased the CO emissions. CO emissions were significant only in the fuel-rich region. Tire ash was of similar size and shape as the parent tire particles themselves. To the contrary, the ash of coal was polydisperse, including large cenospheres and tiny particle fragments. Particulate emissions (soot and ash), measured in the range of 0.4 to 8 mu m, increased with phi. Generally, tire produced more mass of submicron particulates than coal. Particulate emissions of blends of the two fuels were close to those expected based on weighted average of the two fuels. C1 Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Snell Engn Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USA, Soldier Syst Command, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Levendis, YA (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Snell Engn Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 68 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 4 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 1998 VL 131 IS 1-6 BP 147 EP + DI 10.1080/00102209808935759 PG 42 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA ZT374 UT WOS:000074078700007 ER PT J AU Bernstein, AH Libicki, M Kagan, FW AF Bernstein, AH Libicki, M Kagan, FW TI High-tech: The future face of war? A debate SO COMMENTARY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Def Univ, Washington, DC 20319 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY USA. RP Bernstein, AH (reprint author), Natl Def Univ, Washington, DC 20319 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER JEWISH COMMITTEE PI NEW YORK PA 165 E 56TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 0010-2601 J9 COMMENTARY JI Commentary PD JAN PY 1998 VL 105 IS 1 BP 28 EP 34 PG 7 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA YN171 UT WOS:000071140200023 ER PT S AU O'Brien, TK AF O'Brien, TK BE Bucinell, RB TI Composite interlaminar shear fracture toughness, G(IIc): Shear measurement or sheer myth? SO COMPOSITE MATERIALS: FATIGUE AND FRACTURE, SEVENTH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Composites - Fatigue and Fracture CY MAY 07-08, 1997 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP ASTM Comm D30 Composite Mat, ASTM Comm E9 Fatigue & Fracture DE fractures toughness; shear; interlaminar fracture toughness; composites ID EPOXY COMPOSITES; DELAMINATION; FAILURE; MECHANISMS AB The concept of G(Ilc) as a measure of the interlaminar shear fracture toughness of a composite material is critically examined. In particular, it is argued that the apparent G(Ilc) as typically measured is inconsistent with the original definition of shear fracture. It is shown that interlaminar shear failure actually consists of tension failures in the resin-rich layers between plies followed by the coalescence of ligaments created by these failures and not the sliding of two planes relative to one another that is assumed in fracture mechanics theory. Several strain energy release rate solutions are reviewed for delamination in composite laminates and structural components where failures have been experimentally documented. Failures typically occur at a location where the Mode I component accounts for at least one half of the total G at failure. Hence, it is the Mode I and mixed-mode interlaminar fracture toughness data that will be most useful in predicting delamination failure in composite components in service. Although apparent G(Ilc) measurements may prove useful for completeness of generating mixed-mode criteria, the accuracy of these measurements may have very little influence on the prediction of mixed-mode failures in most structural components. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Vehicle Technol Ctr, USA,Res Lab, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP O'Brien, TK (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Vehicle Technol Ctr, USA,Res Lab, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 48 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2609-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1998 VL 1330 BP 3 EP 18 DI 10.1520/STP13263S PG 16 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Composites SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BM47P UT WOS:000078854000002 ER PT S AU Patterson, JE AF Patterson, JE BE Bucinell, RB TI Differences in the impact response mechanisms of graphite/epoxy composite cylinders SO COMPOSITE MATERIALS: FATIGUE AND FRACTURE, SEVENTH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Composites - Fatigue and Fracture CY MAY 07-08, 1997 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP ASTM Comm D30 Composite Mat, ASTM Comm E9 Fatigue & Fracture DE composites; low-energy impact; graphite/epoxy; residual strength; filament wound; rocket motor case; launch tube; impact damage AB Impact damage to composites has been identified as a major limiting factor in the wider use of composite materials as structural components. Graphite fiber is often selected as a structural fiber due to its low density and high strength, both desirable properties in rocket motorcase and launch tube design. An understanding of the damage mechanisms involved is critical in the determination of composite structural integrity and for the development of damage models and design codes. To this end, a test program was conducted to characterize the impact response of graphite/epoxy structures. Overall design of the test article utilized for this program was directed towards a generic thin-walled structure applicable for use as either a rocket motorcase or launch tube. Low-energy impacts between 1.25 and 7.75 J (0.9 and 5.6 ft-lb) were imparted to empty cylinders and to cylinders whose casewalls were strengthened to simulate launch tube and rocket motorcase configurations. Significant differences between the test configurations were identified with regard to visual damage, impact loads, absorbed energy, and casewall deflection. However, with ail the readily apparent differences noted, the post-impact residual strength capability was quite similar. The data indicate that significant strength losses can be expected at impact energies as low as 1.3 J (0.94 ft-lb). C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSMI, RD,PS,CM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Patterson, JE (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSMI, RD,PS,CM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2609-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1998 VL 1330 BP 263 EP 272 DI 10.1520/STP13277S PG 10 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Composites SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BM47P UT WOS:000078854000016 ER PT J AU O'Brien, TK AF O'Brien, TK TI Interlaminar fracture toughness: The long and winding road to standardization SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE delamination; fracture; toughness ID DELAMINATION TEST; MODE AB The on-going efforts to achieve internationally accepted test standards for interlaminar fracture toughness over the past two decades will be reviewed. The status of current efforts to obtain an ISO standard for the Double Cantilever Beam test for mode I interlaminar fracture toughness will be highlighted. Current round robin activity underway to develop standards for mode II, mode III, and mixed-mode interlaminar fracture toughness will also be discussed. Differences in the interpretation of interlaboratory "round robin" test results will be highlighted. The influence of the different roles of standardization bodies in the US, Europe, and Japan on achieving international standards for interlaminar fracture toughness will be discussed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Vehicle Technol Ctr, USA,Res Lab, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP O'Brien, TK (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Vehicle Technol Ctr, USA,Res Lab, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 16 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 1998 VL 29 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S1359-8368(97)00013-9 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA YP479 UT WOS:000071280900008 ER PT J AU Barbero, EJ Trovillion, J AF Barbero, EJ Trovillion, J TI Prediction and measurement of the post-critical behavior of fiber-reinforced composite columns SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENTS; POSTBUCKLING ANALYSIS; BUCKLING ANALYSIS; MECHANICS AB Experimental measurements on axially loaded columns made of fiber-reinforced composite materials are presented. Experimental load/deflection plots at twelve flange points and three web points allow for an accurate description of the deformations, including the post-critical behavior. Data processing by two methods is described and a comparison is made between the two methods. In one method, the incipient buckling data are used, while in the second method, the post buckling data are used. The effect of damage accumulation is illustrated. The behavior, including the curvature of the post-critical path, is predicted by using stability theory. Comparisons between predicted and measured values of critical load and postcritical path curvature are presented. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved C1 W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Civil Engn Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Barbero, EJ (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PY 1998 VL 58 IS 8 BP 1335 EP 1341 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(98)00006-2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 131PZ UT WOS:000076585600008 ER PT J AU Wu, J Chou, SC AF Wu, J Chou, SC TI Special section: Failure and damage of composite materials - Guest Editorial SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Army Res Off Far East, Tokyo, Japan. Army Res Lab, Mat Dynam Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Wu, J (reprint author), Army Res Off Far East, Tokyo, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PY 1998 VL 58 IS 9 BP 1383 EP 1383 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 133VX UT WOS:000076708800001 ER PT J AU Dandekar, DP Boteler, JM Beaulieu, PA AF Dandekar, DP Boteler, JM Beaulieu, PA TI Elastic constants and delamination strength of a glass-fiber-reinforced polymer composite SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE shock; Hugoniot delamination; composite AB This work describes the results of experiments performed to determine a complete set of independent elastic constants and the effect of shock-induced shear strain on the delamination strength of a glass-fiber-reinforced plastic composite (GRP). The set of elastic constants are utilized to determine the delamination strength of the composite from the experimentally obtained stress-wave profiles in the composite. The principal results of this work may be summarized as follows: (i) the elastic wave velocity data indicate that the composite has tetragonal symmetry; (ii) the deformation of the composite under shock-wave compression normal to lay-up direction is elastic to 1-3 GPa; (iii) the composite needs to be preshock compressed to 0.07 GPa in order to delaminate GRP under rarefaction induced tension; (iv) the delamination strength of the composite decreases with an increase in the shock-induced shear, i.e. whereas the delamination strength of the composite under zero induced shear strain is 0.06 GPa, its magnitude decreases to 0.007 GPa under shock-induced shear strain of 0.002. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Senwal Safety Syst, Marlborough, MA 01752 USA. RP Boteler, JM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PY 1998 VL 58 IS 9 BP 1397 EP 1403 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 133VX UT WOS:000076708800003 ER PT J AU Tzeng, JT AF Tzeng, JT TI Dynamic response and fracture of composite cylinders SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The fracture behavior caused by the dynamic response in a composite cylinder subjected to a moving pressure was investigated. The resonance of stress waves can result in very high amplitude and frequency strains in the cylinder at the instant and location of pressure front passage, when the velocity of the moving pressure approaches a critical velocity. The stress wave with high magnitude, while short in duration may not cause immediate structural failure; however, it could accelerate the propagation in a cylinder with an initial imperfection and shorten its fatigue life. The fracture mechanism induced by dynamic amplification effects is especially critical for overwrapped composite cylinders because of the multi-material and anisotropic construction, thermal degradation in material properties, and a design goal inherent in light-weight structures. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Tzeng, JT (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PY 1998 VL 58 IS 9 BP 1443 EP 1451 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(98)00021-9 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 133VX UT WOS:000076708800008 ER PT J AU DeLuca, E Prifti, J Betheney, W Chou, SC AF DeLuca, E Prifti, J Betheney, W Chou, SC TI Ballistic impact damage of S 2-glass-reinforced plastic structural armor SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glass-fiber; strength; composite materials; ballistics; non-destructive evaluation AB Different sizes of S 2-glass-fabric-reinforced plastic laminate plates were tested ballistically by impacting the plates with two different sizes of fragment simulating projectiles at various velocities below the limiting velocity of perforation. The impacted specimens were examined with computed tomography to determine the extent of damage in the specimens, then those specimens were tested in compression until failure. The correlation between the failure load and the extent of damage in terms of average damage fraction is presented and discussed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Chou, SC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 7 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PY 1998 VL 58 IS 9 BP 1453 EP 1461 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 133VX UT WOS:000076708800009 ER PT S AU Lee, PP Hwu, RJ Sadwick, LP Balasubramaniam, H Kumar, BR Lai, TC Chu, SNG Alvis, R Lareau, RT Wood, MC AF Lee, PP Hwu, RJ Sadwick, LP Balasubramaniam, H Kumar, BR Lai, TC Chu, SNG Alvis, R Lareau, RT Wood, MC BE Melloch, M Reed, MA TI Structural and electrical characterization of epitaxial DyP/GaAs and DyAs/GaAs grown by MBE SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 1997 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th IEEE International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors CY SEP 08-11, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Motorola, USN, Off Naval Res, Siemens, Aixtron, EPI AB Details of the structural and electrical properties of epitaxial DyP/GaAs and DyAs/GaAs are reported. Both DyP and DyAs have been grown by solid source MBE with growth temperatures ranging from 500 to 600 degrees C and growth rates between 0.5 and 0.7 mu m/hr. DyP epilayers are n-type with measured electron concentrations on the order of 3 to 4 x 10(20) cm(-3), room temperature mobilities of 250 to 300 cm(2)/Vs, and a barrier height of about 0.81 eV to GaAs at room temperature. DyAs epilayers are also n-type with concentrations of 1 to 2 x 10(21) cm(-3), and mobilities between 25 and 40 cm(2)/Vs. DyP is stable in air with no signs of oxidation even after months of exposure. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Elect Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Adv Micro Devices, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. USA, Res Labs, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lee, PP (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0556-8 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1998 VL 156 BP 159 EP 162 DI 10.1109/ISCS.1998.711604 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BL23S UT WOS:000074779700037 ER PT S AU Iliadis, AA Andronescu, SN Talyansky, V Edinger, K Orloff, JH Woods, MC Jones, KA AF Iliadis, AA Andronescu, SN Talyansky, V Edinger, K Orloff, JH Woods, MC Jones, KA BE Melloch, M Reed, MA TI Focused ion beam assisted ohmic metallizations to p-6H-SiC SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 1997 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th IEEE International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors CY SEP 08-11, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Motorola, USN, Off Naval Res, Siemens, Aixtron, EPI ID CONTACT AB This work deals with the development of high temperature, low resistance ohmic metallizations to p-type 6H-SiC, using a novel approach of focused ion beam (FIB) surface-modification and in-situ direct-write metal deposition for ohmic contact formation without annealing. FIB(Ga) surface-modification and in-situ deposition of Pr, Mo and W showed minimum contact resistance values of 1.3 x10(-4) Ohm cm(2) to 7.3x10(-3) Ohm cm(2), depending on metal and FIB conditions. These contact resistance values of the direct FIB deposited non-annealed contacts, compare well with reported values for conventionally deposited and annealed contacts to SiC. Ex-situ E-beam deposition of Pt on FIB surface-modified and unmodified areas showed a substantial increase (one order of magnitude) in the contact resistance values of the unmodified contacts. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Superconductiv, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Iliadis, AA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0556-8 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1998 VL 156 BP 353 EP 357 DI 10.1109/ISCS.1998.711653 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BL23S UT WOS:000074779700084 ER PT B AU Nolan, AN AF Nolan, AN GP INFORMAT TODAY INC INFORMAT TODAY INC TI Operating as a business: Steps toward a proactive library SO COMPUTERS IN LIBRARIES '98, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Computers in Libraries Conference CY MAR 02-04, 1998 CL ARLINGTON, VA C1 USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Soldier Syst Command, Lib Serv, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION TODAY INC PI MEDFORD PA 143 OLD MARLTON PIKE, MEDFORD, NJ 08055 USA BN 1-57387-051-X PY 1998 BP 136 EP 141 PG 6 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA BK99P UT WOS:000074025600032 ER PT B AU East, EW AF East, EW BE Wang, KCP TI The capture and use of organizational knowledge during design & BCO reviews SO COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Computing Congress Held in Conjunction with ASCE Annual Convention and Exposition on Information Technologies in Civil Engineering - Leading the World CY OCT 18-21, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Comp & Informat Technol, Comm Coordinat Outside ASCE C1 USA, Corps Engineers, CECER, PL,E, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP East, EW (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, CECER, PL,E, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0381-3 PY 1998 BP 133 EP 134 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BN85D UT WOS:000083193200019 ER PT B AU East, EW AF East, EW BE Wang, KCP TI Standard data exchange format for scheduling software SO COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Computing Congress Held in Conjunction with ASCE Annual Convention and Exposition on Information Technologies in Civil Engineering - Leading the World CY OCT 18-21, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Comp & Informat Technol, Comm Coordinat Outside ASCE AB This paper provides an update on a collaborative project between private industry and government to develop a non-proprietary data exchange format for the exchange of project scheduling information. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and other owners have begun to use the Standard Data Exchange Format (SDEF). Offices implementing the SDEF have realized significant savings and improvements in project management practices. The SDEF provides one means by which construction scheduling information can be used to drive a overall project management system. The SDEF may also prove to be a good resource for researchers looking for consistently developed data sets related to construction planning and scheduling. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Corps Engineers, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP East, EW (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Corps Engineers, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0381-3 PY 1998 BP 481 EP 486 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BN85D UT WOS:000083193200057 ER PT B AU McKnight, SH Fink, BK Wells, S Yarlagadda, S Gillespie, JW AF McKnight, SH Fink, BK Wells, S Yarlagadda, S Gillespie, JW GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI Accelerated curing of epoxy paste adhesives for repair of composites using induction heating SO CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS AT ANTEC '98: PLASTICS ON MY MIND, VOLS I-3: VOL I; PROCESSING, VOL II; SPECIAL AREAS, VOL III; MATERIALS SE SOCIETY OF PLASTICS ENGINEERS TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers - Plastics on My Mind (ANTEC 98) CY APR 26-30, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Soc Plast Engineers DE induction heating; accelerated cure; adhesive bonding; repair; composites; degree of cure AB A methodology for accelerated curing of commercially available room temperature curing paste adhesives is outlined. Cure kinetics of the adhesive was studied by thermochemical analysis and degree of cure was related to processing parameters and cure cycles. Increasing the cure temperature to 100 degrees C reduced the cure time from 16 hrs to approximately 15 minutes for 98% cure. Induction heating techniques were used to demonstrate rapid heating of adhesive at bondline for lap shear specimens. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP McKnight, SH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 USA BN 1-56676-669-9 J9 SOC PLAST E PY 1998 VL 44 BP 1084 EP 1088 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA BL06B UT WOS:000074141800205 ER PT B AU Mulkern, TJ Tan, NCB Grossman, SJ AF Mulkern, TJ Tan, NCB Grossman, SJ GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI Polystyrene toughened with novel hyperbranched polymer SO CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS AT ANTEC '98: PLASTICS ON MY MIND, VOLS I-3: VOL I; PROCESSING, VOL II; SPECIAL AREAS, VOL III; MATERIALS SE SOCIETY OF PLASTICS ENGINEERS TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers - Plastics on My Mind (ANTEC 98) CY APR 26-30, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Soc Plast Engineers DE hyperbranched; dendrimer; reactive processing AB Hyperbranched polymers possess a unique three dimensional structure and high density of functional endgroups when compared to conventional polymer molecules. Their inherent low viscosity and tailorable endgroup chemistry make them attractive for improved processing characteristics and for use in polymer blends. In this study we evaluated the use of developmental Hyperbranched Polyols (HBP) as toughening agents in a thermoplastic matrix. Several volume fractions of HBP melt blended with nonreactive polystyrene and two different types of reactive polystyrene were examined. The compatibility, rheological and mechanical properties of these polymer blends will be discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Div Mat, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Mulkern, TJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Div Mat, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 USA BN 1-56676-669-9 J9 SOC PLAST E PY 1998 VL 44 BP 2528 EP 2532 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA BL06B UT WOS:000074141800482 ER PT B AU Singh, H Eccleshall, D McNab, I Pappas, J AF Singh, H Eccleshall, D McNab, I Pappas, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Alternator power conditioning for launchers SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 1998 TWENTY-THIRD INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Power Modulator Symposium CY JUN 22-25, 1998 CL RANCHO MIRAGE, CA SP Advisory Grp Electron Devices, Army Res Lab, Army Res Off, Air Force Wright Lab, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ SO CA, Electron Devices Soc IEEE ID DESIGN AB A high-energy pulse-discharge is needed to drive an electromagnetic (EM) or an electro-thermal-chemical (ETC) launcher. Various pulse power generators have been examined and used. Capacitor-based power supplies are convenient for laboratory launchers, but supplies based on rotating machines-alternators and homopolar generators-are generally more weight efficient and practical for storing, generating and shaping pulses for multi-shot, fieldable launchers. Alternators are the most flexible of the rotating machines, are better matched to the variable impedance of the launcher, and avoid the use of opening switches which are difficult to implement for repetitive and reliable operation. Also, a single pulse generator can be used to power several lethality and survivability platforms. Several alternator configurations are possible, each involving different pole geometries, numbers of poles and output phases. These configurations are in turn associated with a power converter system. The switch requirements can be met for small-caliber EM railguns and for ETC guns of all caliber by near-term silicon thyristors. For large caliber EM railguns, triggered vacuum switches are viable, although they may have to be augmented with diodes or other devices to ensure their recovery after each cycle. In the long term, thyristors based on silicon carbide offer the most promise for all applications because they can operate at 3 to 5 times the current density and electric field intensity of silicon devices. C1 USA, Res Lab, Attn AMSRL, WM,TE, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Singh, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Attn AMSRL, WM,TE, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4244-5 PY 1998 BP 38 EP 41 DI 10.1109/MODSYM.1998.741187 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BM25Z UT WOS:000078189700012 ER PT B AU Katulka, GL Kolodzey, J Olowolafe, J AF Katulka, GL Kolodzey, J Olowolafe, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Analysis of metallized 4H-SiC for high-temperature electric weapon applications SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 1998 TWENTY-THIRD INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Power Modulator Symposium CY JUN 22-25, 1998 CL RANCHO MIRAGE, CA SP Advisory Grp Electron Devices, Army Res Lab, Army Res Off, Air Force Wright Lab, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ SO CA, Electron Devices Soc IEEE AB While silicon (Si) based electronic materials and devices continue to play a dominant role in much of the electrical power industry, novel high-power and high-temperature materials are of great interest to the electric combat systems community. The technical interest in silicon carbide (SiC) is mainly due to its ability to operate at greatly elevated power and temperature (>300 degrees C) levels compared to its Si-based counterpart. High-power and temperature pulsed-power electronics can be exploited by future military combat systems, which could potentially provide significantly improved combat vehicle performance including increased lethality through extending the maximum obtainable gun performance using advanced electric weapon concepts such as electrothermal-chemical (ETC) and electromagnetic (EM) gun technologies. The results of recent experiments conducted at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and the University of Delaware demonstrate the electrical behavior of SIC and metal ohmic-contact layers as a function of thermal stress. These experiments have determined that both titanium (Ti) and tantalum (Ta) metalization structures will provide a stable electrical ohmic-contact with n-type SiC at elevated temperatures for short bursts of time that are relevant for pulsed-powered electric weapon technologies. The Ti-SiC structure investigated exhibited a stable current-voltage (I-V) characteristic to as much as 800 degrees C for a 10-min burst, while Ta metalizations provided a stable I-V characteristic on SiC even after a temperature burst of 1,000 degrees C for as long as a 3-min interval. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Katulka, GL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4244-5 PY 1998 BP 114 EP 118 DI 10.1109/MODSYM.1998.741206 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BM25Z UT WOS:000078189700031 ER PT B AU Podlesak, TF Simon, F Schneider, S AF Podlesak, TF Simon, F Schneider, S GP IEEE IEEE TI Pulse operation of involute gate 125mm thyristor SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 1998 TWENTY-THIRD INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Power Modulator Symposium CY JUN 22-25, 1998 CL RANCHO MIRAGE, CA SP Advisory Grp Electron Devices, Army Res Lab, Army Res Off, Air Force Wright Lab, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ SO CA, Electron Devices Soc IEEE AB The limits of operation of a 125mm thyristor with a six point "snowflake" gate design have been previously reported[1,2]. Tests were performed at the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) using a 10 m Ohm, 0.5 ms (FWHM) PFN. With the snowflake gate design, single shot operation was limited to 140 kA at 600 A/mu s. Operation with a modified PFN and a shorted load at 3 kV, 111 kA and a di/dt of 800 A/mu s was demonstrated under rep rate conditions. The thyristor failed when the di/dt was increased to 1 kA/mu s. Under both sets of operating conditions, the failure occurred in the vicinity of the gate structure. The thyristor has been modified to include a high current involute gate design. Computer simulations have shown that the new design will operate at 200 kA with di/dt's in excess of 1 kA/mu s. Operation was demonstrated in our circuit at 165 kA with a di/dt of 2.6 kA/mu s. Detailed results on the temporal behavior with respect to voltage drop, charge transfer and action as a function of operating levels under matched load conditions are presented. The new design has significantly improved performance and will permit construction of the compact, light weight high voltage series switch strings required for electric guns. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,DP, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Podlesak, TF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,DP, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4244-5 PY 1998 BP 127 EP 130 DI 10.1109/MODSYM.1998.741209 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BM25Z UT WOS:000078189700034 ER PT B AU Podlesak, TF Simon, F Schneider, S Grekhov, I AF Podlesak, TF Simon, F Schneider, S Grekhov, I GP IEEE IEEE TI Experimental investigation of dynistors and dynistor based pulsers SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 1998 TWENTY-THIRD INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Power Modulator Symposium CY JUN 22-25, 1998 CL RANCHO MIRAGE, CA SP Advisory Grp Electron Devices, Army Res Lab, Army Res Off, Air Force Wright Lab, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ SO CA, Electron Devices Soc IEEE AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory has evaluated Reverse Switching Dynistors (RSD) and dynistor based pulsers from the loffe Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia. The dynistor is an asymmetric thyristor with an alternating p(+) and n(+) structure in its anode. It is a two-terminal device. Application of a reverse voltage across the dynistor makes the device operate like a transistor during turn-on, and generates a uniform plasma distribution enabling fast turn-on. This reduces commutation dissipation and permits high peak current operation to be achieved for submillisecond pulses. An 80mm diameter device was evaluated in a pulser using a 0.5 ms (FWHM), 10 m Omega PFN with a matched load. Recent work with a 2.3 kA driver demonstrated operation at di/dt of 1.7 kA/mu s (26.6% to 70.7%) and 177 kA. Differentiation of the current pulse gives a di/dt of 2.8 kA/mu s. The dynistor exceeded the performance of standard symmetric devices of up to 100 mm diameter. This series of tests was performed using two devices stacked in series with a diode in series to protect against voltage reversal. The two devices were triggered by a single trigger unit. The trigger unit must be capable of holding off full operating voltage and generating a high voltage reverse pulse for turn-on. A saturable reactor is required to isolate the main discharge circuit during the turn-on period. This technique can be extended to many devices in;series, thus enabling a high voltage switch to be built using a single driver. Two dynistor based pulsers, the MPG-1 and the MPG-2, were tested. The MPG-1 is a rep rated device, operating in bursts of 50 pulses, each 1 mu s wide, at a rate of 1 kHz. The bursts were repeated at a rate of 2 Hz. The MPG-2 is a single pulse generator and was tested to 101.5 kA at 27 kV with a pulse width of 110 mu s. Details of the measurements will be discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,DP, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Podlesak, TF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,DP, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4244-5 PY 1998 BP 169 EP 172 DI 10.1109/MODSYM.1998.741219 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BM25Z UT WOS:000078189700044 ER PT S AU Swami, A Sadler, BM AF Swami, A Sadler, BM BE Matthews, MB TI Step-change localization in additive and multiplicative noise via multiscale products SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-SECOND ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 01-04, 1998 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, San Jose State Univ, San Jose, Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID EDGE DETECTORS AB We address the problem of estimating the parameters of a step change in the presence of both additive and multiplicative Gaussian or non-Gaussian noise (AMNGN). Rele vant applications include edge localization in the presence of speckle noise in SAR. A detector/estimator based on multiscale products has been proposed and analyzed in the case of AWGN, for a discrete wavelet transform that approximates smoothed gradient estimation. Here, we propose a multiscale product based estimator for the AMNGN case. Statistics of the resulting estimator are derived. We also de rive Cramer-Rao bounds for the parameters of a step change observed in additive and multiplicative noise. In order to satisfy regularity conditions, we model the step change by a smooth function, parameterized by a rise-time parameter, alpha. Closed-form expressions for the large sample bound are obtained for several special cases. These bounds can be used to assess the performance of proposed and existing estimators. C1 AMSRL IS TA, Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP AMSRL IS TA, Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM aswami@arl.mil; bsadler@arl.mil NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-5148-7; 0-7803-5149-5 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 1998 BP 737 EP 741 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BM43X UT WOS:000078743600139 ER PT J AU Zwick, H AF Zwick, H TI Higher-order processing in the visual system SO CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review ID STRIATE CORTEX; NEURONS; VISION; LIGHT C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Zwick, H (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0010-7549 J9 CONTEMP PSYCHOL JI Comtemp. Psychol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 43 IS 1 BP 28 EP 30 PG 3 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA YR417 UT WOS:000071493200017 ER PT B AU Schilling, KE AF Schilling, KE BE Whipple, W TI States water resources planning and the settings SO COORDINATION: WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Session of ASCE 25th Annual Conference on Water Resources Planning and Management / 1998 Annual Conference on Environmental Engineering CY JUN 07-10, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, USA Corps Engineers, US EPA, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Environm Engn & Water Resources Grp, ASCE IL Sect, Metropolitan Water Reclamat Dist Greater Chicago AB The past quarter century of water resources planning practice in the United States has demonstrated a shift from a well codified federal system to a new, more inclusive approach emphasizing quality and the environment. New planning approaches and models used in shared vision and incremental cost planning (STELLA, EGO-EASY, and IWR-PLAN) will be described along with case applications which can help to resolve conflicts with entrench vested interests. C1 USA, Inst Water Resources, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Schilling, KE (reprint author), USA, Inst Water Resources, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0338-4 PY 1998 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BM53P UT WOS:000079047700002 ER PT B AU Moy, PB AF Moy, PB BE Whipple, W TI Chicago sanitary and ship canal dispersal barrier SO COORDINATION: WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Session of ASCE 25th Annual Conference on Water Resources Planning and Management / 1998 Annual Conference on Environmental Engineering CY JUN 07-10, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, USA Corps Engineers, US EPA, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Environm Engn & Water Resources Grp, ASCE IL Sect, Metropolitan Water Reclamat Dist Greater Chicago AB Inter-basin dispersal of aquatic nuisance species poses a threat to the integrity of our native and managed ecosystems. The Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal and Calumet-Saganashkee Slough (Cal-Sag) Channel, which provide an important trade corridor, now also form the sole aquatic link between the Lake Michigan and Mississippi River basins. Following the zebra mussel, other invasive species may use this corridor for range expansion. Species in the Great lakes such as the round goby, white perch, three-spine stickleback and ruffe may spread downstream into the Des Plaines, Illinois and Mississippi Rivers and their tributaries. This is the path the zebra mussel followed into the Midwest. Likewise, introduced species in the Mississippi River basin can use this aquatic pathway to gain entry to the Great Lakes. Bighead carp, black carp, grass carp, striped bass and its hybrid with the white bass, are headed towards the Great Lakes. Fish are not the only problem; zooplankton forms the first forage for many of our prized sportfish. Large, spiny zooplankton species from Europe and Africa compete with our native zooplankton and form a non-consumable portion of the forage base for small fish. C1 USA, Corps Engineers Chicago Dist, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. RP Moy, PB (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers Chicago Dist, 111 N Canal St, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0338-4 PY 1998 BP 111 EP 114 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BM53P UT WOS:000079047700016 ER PT B AU Curran, TW AF Curran, TW BE Whipple, W TI Management of Kanawha Basin use conflicts SO COORDINATION: WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Session of ASCE 25th Annual Conference on Water Resources Planning and Management / 1998 Annual Conference on Environmental Engineering CY JUN 07-10, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, USA Corps Engineers, US EPA, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Environm Engn & Water Resources Grp, ASCE IL Sect, Metropolitan Water Reclamat Dist Greater Chicago AB The Kanawha River Basin contains three large Corps of Engineers flood control lakes. One of them, Summersville Lake, has the fourth largest amount of water quality storage in the Ohio River Basin. Although conflict has occurred at all three lakes, Summersville has been at the center of the most intense conflict because of competition among the various recreational and other interests for the use of this large volume of water. The Corps has seen a significant reduction in outward expressions of conflict after representatives of major interest groups became active participants in the Corps' operational information-gathering process. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Huntington, WV 25701 USA. RP Curran, TW (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 502 8th St, Huntington, WV 25701 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0338-4 PY 1998 BP 199 EP 204 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BM53P UT WOS:000079047700031 ER PT B AU Epps, S Fripp, JB Miller, CW AF Epps, S Fripp, JB Miller, CW BE Whipple, W TI Coordination of drift management at Bluestone Lake SO COORDINATION: WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Session of ASCE 25th Annual Conference on Water Resources Planning and Management / 1998 Annual Conference on Environmental Engineering CY JUN 07-10, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, USA Corps Engineers, US EPA, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Environm Engn & Water Resources Grp, ASCE IL Sect, Metropolitan Water Reclamat Dist Greater Chicago AB The Huntington District Corps of Engineers has responsibility for operating three flood control reservoirs in the Kanawha River Basin. In response to legislation contained in the Water Resources Development Act of 1992, improvements to the current drift and debris management practices at one of these reservoirs, Bluestone Lake on the New River, has been investigated. Through close coordination with state and Federal resource agencies and local constituents, a preferred option is directed towards a modification of the dam that would allow passage of material during high flows. While the study is still ongoing, the current paper will detail the coordination effort required and a description of the proposed solution. C1 Corps Engineers, Huntington, WV 25701 USA. RP Epps, S (reprint author), Corps Engineers, 502 8th St, Huntington, WV 25701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0338-4 PY 1998 BP 205 EP 210 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BM53P UT WOS:000079047700032 ER PT B AU Graham, JK AF Graham, JK BE Whipple, W TI Water resources decision making, a shared approach SO COORDINATION: WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Session of ASCE 25th Annual Conference on Water Resources Planning and Management / 1998 Annual Conference on Environmental Engineering CY JUN 07-10, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, USA Corps Engineers, US EPA, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Environm Engn & Water Resources Grp, ASCE IL Sect, Metropolitan Water Reclamat Dist Greater Chicago AB Water resources conflicts have long existed in the water rich Alabama-Coosa-Tallaspoosa (ACT) and Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River Basins. A new approach to water resources management within these river basins is being attempted. This paper describes the approach. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Planning & Environm Div, ACT,ACF River Basins, Mobile, AL 36628 USA. RP Graham, JK (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Planning & Environm Div, ACT,ACF River Basins, 109 St Joseph St, Mobile, AL 36628 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0338-4 PY 1998 BP 215 EP 220 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BM53P UT WOS:000079047700033 ER PT J AU Ro, KS Preston, KT Seiden, S Bergs, MA AF Ro, KS Preston, KT Seiden, S Bergs, MA TI Remediation composting process principles: Focus on soils contaminated with explosive compounds SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE remediation composting; process principles and parameters; kinetics; mass and heat transfer; explosives; and biotransformation ID 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE TNT; MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATION; BIOTRANSFORMATION; BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; BACTERIA; FATE AB Composting is an emerging remediation technology for soils contaminated with hazardous chemicals; however, many aspects of the technology still need to be evaluated before receiving full support from regulatory agencies and scientific communities. In this article, we review remediation composting technology for soils contaminated with explosive compounds. This review includes biotransformation of explosives during composting, relevant composting process principles and parameters involving kinetics, mass and heat transfer, and energy balance. C1 CUNY, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Civil Engn, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Acquired Data Solut Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Ro, KS (reprint author), CUNY, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. NR 66 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1064-3389 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 1998 VL 28 IS 3 BP 253 EP 282 DI 10.1080/10643389891254223 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 108GZ UT WOS:000075259000002 ER PT J AU Shephard, PJ Castellani, JW Shek, PN AF Shephard, PJ Castellani, JW Shek, PN TI Immune deficits induced by strenuous exertion under adverse environmental conditions: Manifestations and countermeasures SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE exercise; energy deficits; psychological stress; heat; cold; high-altitude diving; hypergravity; space flight ID KILLER-CELL-ACTIVITY; WHOLE-BODY HYPERTHERMIA; COLD-STRESS; HYPERBARIC-OXYGEN; PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS; SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION; INVIVO HYPERTHERMIA; ENDURANCE EXERCISE AB A brief description is given of the various laboratory and clinical manifestations of immune suppression that arise when strenuous exertion must be carried out in the face of a negative energy balance, shifts of circadian rhythm, sleep deprivation, psychological stressors, and exposure to hostile environments (extremes of heat or cold, high or low ambient pressures, and hyper- or hypo-gravity conditions). From the operational viewpoint, immune suppression could impair both physical and mental performance by increasing susceptibility to opportunistic microorganisms. It is also likely to increase susceptibility to sepsis following trauma or extensive burns, and has occasionally predisposed to fatal myocarditis. The effects of such challenges are complex, in part because of interactions between the various stressors. It is thus important to investigate the impact and to devise appropriate countermeasures with the full physical and intellectual resources of a defense environmental research laboratory. Existing knowledge of the topic is reviewed, and suggestions are made for research that may lead to new and more effective countermeasures. C1 Def & Civil Inst Environm Med, Toronto, ON M3M 3B9, Canada. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Lab Med & Pathobiol, Fac Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Shek, PN (reprint author), Def & Civil Inst Environm Med, 1133 Sheppard Ave W, Toronto, ON M3M 3B9, Canada. NR 223 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 79 MADISON AVE, SUITE 1205, NEW YORK, NY 10016-7892 USA SN 1040-8401 J9 CRIT REV IMMUNOL JI Crit. Rev. Immunol. PY 1998 VL 18 IS 6 BP 545 EP 568 PG 24 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 140VT UT WOS:000077109700004 ER PT J AU Szebeni, J AF Szebeni, J TI The interaction of liposomes with the complement system SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN THERAPEUTIC DRUG CARRIER SYSTEMS LA English DT Review DE liposomes; phospholipid; cholesterol; bilayer membranes; complement; C3a; C5a; anaphylatoxins ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; OCCURRING ANTI-BAND-3 ANTIBODIES; SPHINGOMYELIN-CONTAINING LIPOSOMES; DEPENDENT IMMUNE DAMAGE; LYSIS ASSAY LILA; ENCAPSULATED HEMOGLOBIN; ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY; IN-VITRO; RECEPTOR TYPE-1; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS AB Activation of complement (C) by haptenized liposomes has been utilized for a long time to study the interaction of biological membranes with C proteins, or as a sensitive immunoassay for the measurement of specific antigens, antibodies, or serum hemolytic C levels. However, it has been increasingly recognized that regardless of antigenicity, C activation is an intrinsic property of all charged phospholipid/cholesterol bilayers. Liposome-induced C activation and its biological consequences show significant interspecies and interindividual variation, and critically depend on the properties of vesicles as well. Activation can proceed through both the classical and the alternative pathways, with or without the involvement of antibodies. The practical significance of the phenomenon is twofold: 1) opsonization of the vesicles promotes their clearance from the circulation and 2) the liberation of C3a and C5a can cause numerous, potentially adverse, biological reactions. In fact, many cardiovascular and hematological changes observed following administration of liposomes in vivo can be explained by C activation; a fact that has not yet gained wide recognition in the field of drug-carrier liposomes. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Szebeni, J (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 192 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 5 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 79 MADISON AVE, SUITE 1205, NEW YORK, NY 10016-7892 USA SN 0743-4863 J9 CRIT REV THER DRUG JI Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carr. Syst. PY 1998 VL 15 IS 1 BP 57 EP 88 PG 32 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA ZA075 UT WOS:000072326400003 PM 9523086 ER PT B AU Lozar, R Wickizer, J Stone, S Mouat, D Steinitz, C Kent, G Hodge, W Anderson, R AF Lozar, R Wickizer, J Stone, S Mouat, D Steinitz, C Kent, G Hodge, W Anderson, R GP RMRS RMRS TI Digital geographic data to support long-term ecosystem management for the Fort Huachuca region SO CROSS BORDER WATERS: FRAGILE TREASURES FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th US/Mexico Border States Conference on Recreation, Parks and Wildlife CY JUN 03-06, 1998 CL UNIV ARIZONA SCH RENEWABLE NAT RESOURCES, TUCSON, AZ SP AZ Game & Fish Dept, AZ State Pks Dept, USDI Bureau Land Management, USDI Natl Pk Serv, Univ Arizona, US Army Yuma Proving Grounds, USDI Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA Forest Serv Rocky Mt Res Stn HO UNIV ARIZONA SCH RENEWABLE NAT RESOURCES AB Fort Huachuca, AZ resides within the Upper San Pedro River Basin. The basin is experiencing a number of challenges with respect to natural resources management issues both on and off the installation. These issues have prompted the Army to take a close look at the interaction between the Army and its regional neighbors over the next several decades. This will include identifying a broad range of alternative future scenarios that are possible within the basin. Through a Geographical Information System (GIS) evaluation effort, possible land use distributions which are most likely to develop as a result of each stated guiding scenario will be predicted. One of the tasks at this initial stage of the project is the assemblage of the GIS database to support the study. C1 Construct Engn Res Labs, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Lozar, R (reprint author), Construct Engn Res Labs, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA PY 1998 BP 261 EP 268 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BM67C UT WOS:000079414500025 ER PT J AU Hines, JF Ghim, S Jenson, AB AF Hines, JF Ghim, S Jenson, AB TI Prospects for human papillomavirus vaccine development: Emerging HPV vaccines SO CURRENT OPINION IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADENOVIRUS-MEDIATED TRANSFER; VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; CERVICAL-CANCER; PROTEINS; TYPE-16; CELLS; IMMUNIZATION; INFECTION; L1; EXPRESSION AB This review concentrates on recent advances in human papillomavirus vaccine development. Strategies for prophylactic HPV subunit vaccines utilizing recombinantly synthesized, immunogenic virus-like particles are discussed. Therapeutic strategies focusing on the induction of cell-mediated immunity and gene manipulation for the treatment of established HPV-associated disease are also reviewed. 1040-872X (C) 1998 Rapid Science Publishers. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol MCHE OG, Div Gynecol Oncol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Hines, JF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol MCHE OG, Div Gynecol Oncol, Bldg 3600,3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-872X J9 CURR OPIN OBSTET GYN JI Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 10 IS 1 BP 15 EP 19 DI 10.1097/00001703-199802000-00004 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA YT958 UT WOS:000071663600004 PM 9484624 ER PT J AU Pearton, SJ Wilson, RG Zolper, JC Zavada, JM AF Pearton, SJ Wilson, RG Zolper, JC Zavada, JM TI Diffusion of dopants and impurities in GaN and related materials SO DEFECT AND DIFFUSION FORUM LA English DT Article DE redistribution; hydrogen; annealing ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; III-V-MATERIALS; ION-IMPLANTATION; HYDROGENATION; FILMS; COMPENSATION; GROWTH; GAAS; INN; MG AB The redistribution of dopant and impurity species in GaN, AlN and InN was investigated for rapid thermal or furnace annealing conditions. The dopants show minimal diffusion even at high temperatures characteristic of implant activation, while atomic hydrogen is also quite stable in these materials. The results emphasize the potential of the III-nitrides for high power, high temperature electronics. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH-SCITEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI UETIKON A.S. PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 UETIKON A.S., SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0386 J9 DEFECT DIFFUS FORUM PY 1998 VL 159 BP 63 EP 81 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA ZV985 UT WOS:000074362100004 ER PT S AU Green, BH Staheli, K Bennett, D Walley, DM AF Green, BH Staheli, K Bennett, D Walley, DM BE Howard, AK Hitch, JL TI Fly-ash-based controlled low-strength material (CLSM) used for critical microtunneling applications SO DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF CONTROLLED LOW-STRENGTH MATERIALS (FLOWABLE FILL) SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Design and Application of Controlled Low-Strength Materials (Flowable Fill) CY JUN 19-20, 1997 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP ASTM Comm D-18 DE CLSM; fly ash; microtunneling; shaft stabilization AB A controlled low-strength material (CLSM) has been successfully used in two microtunneling applications. This CLSM, developed at the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES), is a mixture of ASTM Class C fly ash, ASTM Type I portland cement, bentonite, and water. The CLSM was first used during the microtunneling field trials at WES to stabilize a tunnel excavation while retracting the microtunneling machine through unstable, flooded, running sand. The void left by the retracted tunnel machine was filled with the CLSM to provide continuous support to the excavation and avoid settlement of the ground surface. Based on the success of the WES tests, the CLSM was used on a second microtunneling project in Newark, California. The CLSM was used to stabilize the soil surrounding the sheet-piled shaft that would be used to launch a microtunnel boring machine. The use of this fly-ash-based CLSM greatly improved the stability of the soils and safety of the shaft during the launch. The use of the CLSM also provided cost savings in excess of $100,000 on the Newark project. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, CEWES, SC C,Concrete & Mat Div,Engn Mech Branch, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Green, BH (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, CEWES, SC C,Concrete & Mat Div,Engn Mech Branch, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2477-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1998 VL 1331 BP 151 EP 164 DI 10.1520/STP13069S PG 14 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BM48V UT WOS:000078892300012 ER PT S AU Hanshaw, T AF Hanshaw, T BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT TI Vehicle mounted mine detection its test methodology, application and analysis SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets III CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE testing; mine detection; sensor; multi-sensor; US army; countermine AB The Mine/Minefield detection community's maturing technology base has become a developmental resource for world wide military and humanitarian applications. During the last decade, this community has developed a variety of single and multi-sensor applications incorporating a diversity of sensor and processor technologies. These diverse developments from the Mine/Minefield detection community require appropriate metrics to objectively bound technology and to define applicability to expected military and humanitarian applications. This paper presents a survey of the test methodology, application and analysis activities conducted by the US Army Communications and Electronics Command's, Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) on behalf of the Mine/Minefield detection community. As needs of world wide military and humanitarian mine detection activities are being responded to by notable technology base advances, a diverse pool of knowledge has been developed. The maturity of these technology base advances must be evaluated in a more systematic method. As these technologies mature, metrics have been developed to support the development process and to define the applicability of these technology base advances. The author will review the diversity of the mine detection technology and their related testing strategies. Consideration is given to the impact of history and global realism on the US Army's present mine detection testing program. Further, definitions of testing metrics and analysis will be reviewed. Finally the paper will outline future US Army testing plans with a special consideration given to the Vehicular Mounted Mine Detection:Ground Standoff Mine Detection System (VMMD/GSTAMIDS) Advanced Technology Demonstration and related issues. C1 USA, CECOM, Ctr Night Vis & Electroopt, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Hanshaw, T (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Ctr Night Vis & Electroopt, 10221 Burbeck Rd Suite 430, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2841-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1998 VL 3392 BP 74 EP 82 DI 10.1117/12.324160 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL85T UT WOS:000076961000008 ER PT S AU Witten, TR AF Witten, TR BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT TI Present state-of-the-art in ground penetrating radars for mine detection SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets III CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ground penetrating radar; mine detection; GPR AB The U. S. Army has under development a number of systems to detect buried metallic and nonmetallic land mines. Almost all of these systems include a ground penetrating radar (GPR). These systems may be handheld or vehicle mounted and may be designed for close in or for standoff detection. A consensus has not been reached regarding many important system parameters. A discussion of the tradeoffs involving waveform, frequency, bandwidth, downlook angle, scanning methods, polarization, and spatial resolution will be presented. The usefulness of special techniques such as target resonances, synthetic aperture, and multiple polarizations will be discussed. The potential of GPR will be compared with competing sensors. A brief overview of a diverse set of GPR sensors will be presented. C1 USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Witten, TR (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd,Suite 430, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 0 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2841-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1998 VL 3392 BP 576 EP 585 DI 10.1117/12.324230 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL85T UT WOS:000076961000058 ER PT S AU Nguyen, L Kappra, K Wong, D Kapoor, R Sichina, J AF Nguyen, L Kappra, K Wong, D Kapoor, R Sichina, J BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT TI A mine field detection algorithm utilizing data from an ultra-wideband wide-area surveillance radar SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets III CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ultra-wideband radar; ground-penetrating radar; SAR; automatic target detection; mine detection; phenomenology; computational electromagnetics AB The Army Research Laboratory (ARL), as part of its mission-funded applied research program, has been evaluating the utility of a low-frequency, ultra-wideband (UWB) imaging radar to detect obscured targets such as vehicles concealed by foliage and objects buried underground. This paper concentrates on a specific area of great interest to the Army: the reliable detection of surface and buried mines. Measurement programs conducted at Yuma Proving Ground and elsewhere have yielded a significant and unique database of extremely wideband and (in many cases) fully polarimetric data. We will review recent findings from ARL's modeling, phenomenology and detection efforts. We also included a discussion of an end-to-end detection strategy that has been trained and tested against a significant data set. Performance assessments are included that detail detection rates versus false alarm levels. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nguyen, L (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2841-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1998 VL 3392 BP 627 EP 643 DI 10.1117/12.324236 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL85T UT WOS:000076961000063 ER PT S AU Merchant, BL Kapoor, R Carin, L AF Merchant, BL Kapoor, R Carin, L BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT TI Comparison of model-based results with measured data for metal buried mines SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets III CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ultra-wideband radar; mine detection; body of revolution; polarimetric synthetic aperture radar AB To detect and identify buried mines, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is using its ultra wideband (UWB) radar in a ground-penetrating mode. Operating in the frequency band from 50 to 1200 MHz, the radar is mounted on a mobile boom lift platform(BoomSAR). This enables it to form synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images as well as measure range profiles. As an integral part of the UWB radar project, ARL is developing an in-house modeling capability. In field tests at Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona, a variety of buried and surface targets were imaged with the BoomSAR, including a minefield of buried and surface metal mines. Most land mines of interest can be accurately modeled as bodies of revolution (BORs). Through consideration of the half-space Green's function, we realized that, there is no cross-polarized scattered field for such BOR targets, (theoretically) and, therefore, such targets are characterized only by co-polarized scattered fields. This feature, which, to our knowledge, has not been recognized before, has important implications for polarimetric SAR imaging of minefields, especially in regions with significant natural clutter (e.g., rocks) that are generally not BORs. This theoretical result will be verified using measured and computed data. Mine dimensions are on the order of one wavelength or less for the frequencies in our bandwidth. The modeling techniques we use for this range of wavelengths are method of moments (MOM) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD). Model results from our buried BOR MOM code will be compared to the measured data. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. RP Merchant, BL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2841-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1998 VL 3392 BP 658 EP 667 DI 10.1117/12.324238 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL85T UT WOS:000076961000065 ER PT S AU DeLuca, CC Marinelli, V Ressler, M Ton, T AF DeLuca, CC Marinelli, V Ressler, M Ton, T BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT TI Unexploded ordnance detection experiments using ultra-wideband synthetic aperture radar SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets III CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE unexploded ordnance; ground-penetrating radar; synthetic aperture radar; ultra-wideband AB The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has several technology development programs that are evaluating the use of ultra-wideband synthetic aperture radar (UWB SAR) to detect and locate targets that are subsurface or concealed by foliage. Under these programs, a 1-GHz-bandwidth, low-frequency, fully polarimetric UWB SAR instrumentation system was developed to collect the data needed to support foliage and ground-penetrating radar studies. The radar was integrated onto a 150-ft-high mobile boomlift platform in 1995 and was thus named the BoomSAR. In 1997, under the sponsorship of the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), ARL began a project focused on enhancing the detection and discrimination of unexploded ordnance (UXO). The program's technical approach is to collect high-quality, precision data to support phenomenological investigations of electromagnetic wave propagation through varying dielectric media, which in turn supports the development of algorithms for automatic target detection. For this project, a UXO test site was set up at the Steel Crater Test Area--an existing test site that already contained subsurface mines, tactical vehicles, 55-gallon drums, storage containers, wires, pipes, and arms caches located at Yuma Proving Ground (YPG), Arizona. More than 600 additional pieces of inert UXO were added to the Steel Crater Test Area, including bombs (250, 500, 750, 1000, and 2000 Ib), mortars (60 and 81 mm), artillery shells (105 and 155 mm), 2.75-in. rockets, submunitions (M42, BLU-63, M68, BLU-97, and M118), and mines (Gator, VS1.6, M12, PMN, and POM-Z). In the selection of UXO to be included at YPG, an emphasis was placed on the types of munitions that may be present at CONUS test and training ranges. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP DeLuca, CC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2841-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1998 VL 3392 BP 668 EP 677 DI 10.1117/12.324239 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL85T UT WOS:000076961000066 ER PT S AU Wong, D Carin, L AF Wong, D Carin, L BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT TI Subbanding of temporal and spatial UWB SAR imagery of buried mines SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets III CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ultra-wideband radar; mine detection; mine phenomenology; body of revolution AB A numerical algorithm has been developed for the modeling of ultra-wideband (UWB) plane-wave scattering from a class of buried mines. In particular, the model assumes that a mine can be simulated as a body of revolution (BOR). The numerical results indicate that there are particular frequency subbands in which a given target is excited most strongly, with the subband depending strongly on the target type. Moreover, these optimal subbands are also dependent on the depression angle; therefore, the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) aperture must be limited (spatial-spectrum subbanding) so that the desired depression angle is achieved over the aperture used for imaging. These results indicate that the scattered response from particular buried mines can be highlighted by proper processing of the temporal and spatial spectrum. So motivated, we have applied subbanding to data measured by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) UWB SAR, which collects fully polarimetric data over the 50-1200 MHz bandwidth. The measured data, when processed appropriately, corroborate the theoretical expectations of where example anti-personnel and anti-tank mines scatter optimally. In particular, we consider the Valmara anti-personnel mine and the M20 anti-tank; mine, using data collected at Yuma Proving Grounds. After validating the theory, we present frequency subbanding that will highlight one mine over another, a technique of potential application to the discrimination of targets from clutter. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wong, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2841-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1998 VL 3392 BP 678 EP 685 DI 10.1117/12.324240 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL85T UT WOS:000076961000067 ER PT S AU Lake, DE AF Lake, DE BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT TI Families of statistics for detecting minefields SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets III CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE point process; minefield detection; power-divergence statistics; empty boxes test; asymptotic relative efficiency AB Detecting minefield point patterns is an important problem for the Navy, Marines and Army. Because of the difficulty and uncertainity associated with accurately modeling enemy mine laying procedures, robust and flexible family of statistics are needed to detect minefields as deviations from complete spatial randomness. In this paper, a large family of minefield detection statistics are presented and compared using their asymptotic relative efficiency for testing multinomial and minefield mixture alternatives. A slightly modified version of the widely-used power-divergence statistics are introduced that are appropriate under sparseness assumptions. This family includes the empty boxes test which has been advocated previously as a simple and effective approach. Another family, called VC statistics, is presented that provides a low-complexity statistic with optimal performance. The efficiency of these methods are compared analytically and with a minefield benchmark used in previous work. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,SA, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lake, DE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,SA, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM dlake1@osf1.gmu.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2841-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1998 VL 3392 BP 963 EP 974 DI 10.1117/12.324144 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL85T UT WOS:000076961000095 ER PT S AU Trang, AH AF Trang, AH BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT TI Kalman filtering for target (mine) tracking in the presence of antenna motion SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets III CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE mine detection; mine detection radar; target tracking; Kalman filtering AB Detection of mines is an important problem to the Army. A stand-off detection radar has been developed to detect mines in real time mode at stand-off distances ranging from 5 to 30m. This active radar consists of three horn antennas, one transmitter and two receivers, carried by a moving vehicle. The transmit horn generates 36 sinusoidal carrier signals which have frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 4 GHz, in 100 MHz steps. At each frequency, the carrier signals are modulated by a train of 16 pulses having a 10 ns pulse width and a repetition rate of 3.9 MHz. These signals resonate targets including non-metallic and metallic mines and other objects. The mines and objects' return signals will be detected by the two receive antennas. The detection algorithm(1) is used to identify an anomaly if it exists above background. Then, the discrimination algorithm is used to distinguish between mines and other objects. Finally, the location algorithm and the differential global positioning satellite system are used to mark the position of the detected mines. Test results from last year showed that some of the mines were not detected and the positions of some of the detected mines were not marked precisely enough. This resulted in missed detections and in increasing false alarm rate. Therefore, we propose to investigate Kalman filtering to improve the performance of the radar system. A preliminary study on the use of Kalman filtering algorithm for a single target tracking is provided in this paper. We believe that accurate tracking will result in accurate locating the detected target. Kalman filtering algorithm is selected for target tracking because we consider the fact that the source as well as the receivers are moving relative to the mine. This causes the delay to be also varying with time. Therefore, a dynamic algorithm such as Kalman filtering, is a good technique to track the target by estimating the variable time delay. C1 USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, AMSEL,RD,NV,ST,AT, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Trang, AH (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, AMSEL,RD,NV,ST,AT, 10221 Burbeck Rd,Suite 430, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2841-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1998 VL 3392 BP 1012 EP 1021 DI 10.1117/12.324148 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL85T UT WOS:000076961000099 ER PT S AU Ngan, P AF Ngan, P BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT TI Data fusion technique for handheld standoff mine detection system (HSTAMIDS) SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets III CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE multi-sensor integration; automatic target recognition; signal processing AB Sensor data fusion techniques are currently being investigated for potential applications in Handheld Standoff Mine Detection System (HSTAMIDS). Overall HSTAMIDS's performance must be optimized and improved over individual sensor's performance. In addition, HSTAMIDS's performance must be carefully traded off with hardware complexity, packaging challenges, increased cost associated with the sensor fusion process and operational requirements in support of military combat missions. C1 USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Mine & Countermine Div, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Ngan, P (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Mine & Countermine Div, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2841-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1998 VL 3392 BP 1150 EP 1160 DI 10.1117/12.324166 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL85T UT WOS:000076961000112 ER PT S AU Detsch, RM Jenkins, TF Arcone, SA Koh, G O'Neill, K AF Detsch, RM Jenkins, TF Arcone, SA Koh, G O'Neill, K BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT TI Environmental effects on detection of buried mines and UXO SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets III CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE UXO; radar; IR; infrared; mine; chemical detection; models; ordnance AB Several studies are under way at the US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) to define environmental effects on detection and classification of buried mines and unexploded ordnance (UXO). Ground that is very wet, frozen, or snow covered can pose severe constraints on demining operations. The qualitative and quantitative nature of chemical signatures of buried land mines is being documented. Research to date indicates that although 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene constitutes over 99% of military-grade TNT, it is a minor component of the vapor signature at ground level. CRREL operates a year-round test site to determine the effect of weather on radar and IR systems used to detect buried mines. The New England site experiences many of the weather conditions likely to interfere with mine detection around the world. Short-pulse ground penetrating radar (GPR) was used to profile both ordnance and non-ordnance targets at the 40-acre UXO site at Jefferson Proving Ground. Analysis of the data indicates that future systems will have to operate at faster data acquisition rates. Radar modeling is being used to simulate the effects of the environment and identify new techniques for finding and classifying buried ferrous objects. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Detsch, RM (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2841-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1998 VL 3392 BP 1261 EP 1264 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL85T UT WOS:000076961000122 ER PT S AU Tidrow, MZ Clark, WW Tipton, W Hoffman, R Beck, W Tidrow, SC Robertson, DN Pollehn, H Udayakumar, KR Beratan, HR Soch, K Hanson, CM Wigdor, M AF Tidrow, MZ Clark, WW Tipton, W Hoffman, R Beck, W Tidrow, SC Robertson, DN Pollehn, H Udayakumar, KR Beratan, HR Soch, K Hanson, CM Wigdor, M BE Liang, P Wigdor, M Frederick, WGD TI Uncooled infrared detectors and focal plane arrays SO DETECTORS, FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS, AND IMAGING DEVICES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Detectors, Focal Plane Arrays, and Imaging Devices II CY SEP 18-19, 1998 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, COS, COEMA DE infrared technology; uncooled infrared detectors; focal plane array; bolometer; ferroelectric; pyroelectric AB Over the past several years, uncooled infrared detectors and focal plane arrays have been rapidly developed. Impressive progress has been made in both resistive microbolometers and pyroelectric thin-film detectors with noise equivalent temperature differences projected to be 10 to 20 mK with F/1 optics for such structures. Noise equivalent temperature of 50 mK bulk pyroelectric detectors and thin film resistive microbolometers are already demonstrated and in production Other novel schemes, such as bimaterial capacitors, are also promising for uncooled infrared detection. The United States Army Research Laboratory is involved in developing ferroelectric materials to take advantage of the pyroelectric properties. The goal is to develop crystal oriented thin films to further improve detector performance. In this presentation, the operating principle of resistive microbolometers and pyroelectric detectors, and recent progress of uncooled infrared focal plane arrays are discussed In addition, the uncooled infrared detector program at the Army Research Laboratory, that includes research facilities for and research efforts toward uncooled detectors and focal plane arrays is presented. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tidrow, MZ (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013 NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3014-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3553 BP 178 EP 187 DI 10.1117/12.318098 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BL77Q UT WOS:000076705700027 ER PT J AU Shay, SS Richter, JE AF Shay, SS Richter, JE TI Importance of additional reflux events during esophageal acid clearing SO DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE gastroesophageal reflux; pH monitoring; manometry; acid clearance ID GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; PERISTALTIC DYSFUNCTION; CLEARANCE; IDENTIFICATION; HERNIA AB Decreased swallow frequency and low-amplitude or nonconducted primary peristaltic contractions are reported to prolong acid clearing in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients. The aim of this study is to investigate which of these, or other factors, have a dominant role in long-duration pH reflux events (pHRE). Simultaneous manometry and pH monitoring was performed for 40 min before and after (beginning 40 min postprandial) a test meal. We arbitrarily chose 180 sec to divide pHREs into long or short pHREs. Twenty GERD patients with and without esophagitis were studied. Esophagitis patients had threefold more long pHREs than patients without esophagitis. In most (56%) long pHREs, additional reflux events during acid clearing was the only finding. Only 11% of long pHREs had either a decreased swallow rate (3%) or decreased peristaltic contraction amplitude (8%), as the only finding contributing to poor acid clearing. However, 18% of long pHREs had one of these peristaltic dysfunctions in combination with additional reflux events prolonging acid clearing. Only 15% of long pHREs had no apparent reason for poor acid clearing. In interpreting 24-hr pH monitoring, one should not assume prolonged acid clearing is due to peristaltic dysfunction; instead, it is often due to additional reflux events. C1 Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Gastroenterol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gastroenterol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Gastroenterol, S40,9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0163-2116 EI 1573-2568 J9 DIGEST DIS SCI JI Dig. Dis. Sci. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 43 IS 1 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1023/A:1018880222065 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA YX136 UT WOS:000072010000016 PM 9508542 ER PT S AU Marquet, LC Ratches, JA AF Marquet, LC Ratches, JA BE Suresh, R TI Future directions of information systems in the Army After Next SO DIGITIZATION OF THE BATTLESPACE III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Digitization of the Battlespace III CY APR 15-17, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sensors; information systems; information warfare; Army After Next AB The U.S. Army's concept for the Army After Next (AAN) for the 2020 time frame is presented. The role of systems in the AAN that will gather information, process, store, fuse, and disseminate information and conduct information warfare will be emphasized and developed. New concepts for sensors and information systems are described as well as their relationship to a systems-of systems for information dominance on the battlefield. The paper finishes with the sensor and information systems requirements for the AAN, specific applications, and a new proposed ACTD, called Joint Intelligence, Reconnaissance and Surveillance, that would be the first demonstration of some of the AAN concepts in sensors and information systems. C1 USA, Commun & Elect Command Res Engn & Dev Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Marquet, LC (reprint author), USA, Commun & Elect Command Res Engn & Dev Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2842-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3393 BP 20 EP 26 DI 10.1117/12.317691 PG 7 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BL66Z UT WOS:000076266100003 ER PT S AU Newsome, TC Choi, D Orr, M AF Newsome, TC Choi, D Orr, M BE Suresh, R TI Information management for real-time multimedia battlefield information dissemination and processing SO DIGITIZATION OF THE BATTLESPACE III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Digitization of the Battlespace III CY APR 15-17, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE BADD; information management; GBS; metadata; multimedia; video server AB The warfighter of tomorrow will demand near real time multimedia data access to obtain critical information in rapidly changing battlefield situation. Phase 1 of the Battlefield Awareness and Data Dissemination (BADD) Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration (ACTD) developed a near real time multimedia data access capability to provide the warfighter with sensor and command and control data on an integrated display. The system provides both live and historical display of the multimedia products with the ability to rapidly search spatially and temporally using a powerful graphical user interface. A key development for the system is the implementation of a video server that provides rapid access to stored video that is keyed to a map showing the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) flight path and its sensor coverage. The BADD System managed the multimedia information from field sensors and processors and utilized the Global Broadcast System (GBS) to disseminate the data to remote users. The system provides the capability to disseminate battlefield data based on user defined profiles (Smart Push) and by queries for stored products (Warfighter Pull). The research addressed the multimedia information management architecture required to meet these requirements in a near real time battlefield exercise. The BADD system interfaced with the legacy and emerging systems in Task Force (TF) XXI: and Division XXI. The research also addressed the user and system issues necessary for successful field operation. The BADD system was successful in TFXXI and improvements were incorporated in Division XXI. C1 USA, CECOM, RDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 08755 USA. RP Newsome, TC (reprint author), USA, CECOM, RDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 08755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2842-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3393 BP 45 EP 53 PG 9 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BL66Z UT WOS:000076266100006 ER PT J AU Fort, DJ Stover, EL Bantle, JA Rayburn, JR Hull, MA Finch, RA Burton, DT Turley, SD Dawson, DA Linder, G Buchwalter, D Kumsher-King, M Gaudet-Hull, AM AF Fort, DJ Stover, EL Bantle, JA Rayburn, JR Hull, MA Finch, RA Burton, DT Turley, SD Dawson, DA Linder, G Buchwalter, D Kumsher-King, M Gaudet-Hull, AM CA Stover Grp TI Phase III interlaboratory study of FETAX, part 2: Interlaboratory validation of an exogenous metabolic activation system for Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay - Xenopus (FETAX) SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; PREGNANCY; 4-KETOCYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; COFFEE AB Interlaboratory validation of an exogenous metabolic activation system (MAS) developed for the alternative, short-term developmental toxicity bioassay, Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay - Xenopus (FETAX) was performed with cyclophosphamide and caffeine. Seven study groups within six separate laboratories participated in the study in which three definitive concentration-response experiments were performed with and without the MAS in a side-by-side format for each chemical. Since both chemicals had been previously tested in FETAX, the test concentration were provided to each laboratory prior to testing. Interlaboratory coefficient of variation (CV) values for unactivated cyclophosphamide (no MAS) were 15%, 15%, 29%, and 25% for the 96-hr LC50, 96-hr EC50 (malformation), Minimum Concentration to Inhibit Growth (MCIG), and Teratogenic Index (TI) values respectively. Addition of the MAS increased the CV values of each endpoint at least 3.9-fold. Interlaboratory CV values for inactivated caffeine were 31%, 18%, 31%, and 46% for the 96-hr LC50, 96-hr EC50 (malformation), MCIG, and TI values respectively, Addition of the MAS decreased the CV values of each respective endpoint by at least 1.6-fold. Results indicated that bioactivated toxicants may be prone to greater variability in response amongst laboratories than compounds; which are detoxified. Even though more variability was noted with activated cyclophosphamide, results were within interlaboratory variation expected for other aquatic-based bioassays. Thus, results from these studies warrant the continued use and further refinement of FETAX for alternative developmental toxicity assessment. C1 Stover Grp, Stillwater, OK USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Provis, Frederick, MD USA. Wye Res & Educ Ctr, Queenstown, MD USA. Ashland Univ, Dept Biol & Toxicol, Ashland, OH USA. ManTech Environm Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res Provis, Geocenters Inc, Frederick, MD USA. RP Fort, DJ (reprint author), POB 2056, Stillwater, OK 74076 USA. NR 37 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.3109/01480549809017846 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA ZB045 UT WOS:000072429300001 PM 9530526 ER PT J AU Ray, P Ali, ST AF Ray, P Ali, ST TI Protease in normal human epidermal keratinocytes SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFUR MUSTARD; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; EXPOSURE AB An in vitro normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) model was used to study and to characterize the protease stimulated by the mustards 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulphide (CEES), 2-chloro-N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-methylethanamine hydrochloride (nitrogen mustard, HN2), and Bis-2-chloroethyl sulfide (sulfur mustard HD). The results obtained by using a chromozym (TRY) peptide substrate protease assay showed the optimum mustard concentration and time for protease stimulation to be about 200 mu M GEES, 100 mu M HN2 or HD, and 16 hours. The mustard-stimulated protease was membrane-bound, and was inhibited by adding a Ca2+ chelator EGTA (2 mM), BAPTA AM (50 mu M) or a serine protease inhibitor diisopropyl fluoro-phosphate DFP (1 mM) or a protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (10 mu M) in the extracellular medium. These results suggest that one of the mechanisms of mustard toxicity is via the stimulation of a trypsin/chymotrypsin like serine protease, which is dependent on Ca2+ and new protein synthesis. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a mustard-stimulated similar or equal to 70-80 KDa protein band that was associated with protease activity which was inhibitable by EGTA, BAPTA, DFP or cycloheximide. This mustard-stimulated protein (protease) may serve as a diagnostic tool for mustard exposure as well as an assay for screening prospective antivesicant protease inhibitor drugs. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Biol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Ray, P (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Biol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 3 BP 319 EP 327 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 106FF UT WOS:000075118700006 PM 9706464 ER PT J AU Weis, D Demaiffe, D Souchez, R Gow, AJ Meese, DA AF Weis, D Demaiffe, D Souchez, R Gow, AJ Meese, DA TI "Ice sheet development in central Greenland: Implications from the Nd, Sr and Pb isotopic compositions of basal material" (vol 150, page 161, 1997) SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 Free Univ Brussels, Dept Sci Terre & Environm, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Weis, D (reprint author), Free Univ Brussels, Dept Sci Terre & Environm, CP 160-02,Ave FD Roosevelt 50, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 154 IS 1-4 BP 351 EP 351 DI 10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00199-4 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ZD710 UT WOS:000072715700025 ER PT S AU Bhansali, KJ Liu, G Grendahl, SM Champagne, VK Pepi, MS AF Bhansali, KJ Liu, G Grendahl, SM Champagne, VK Pepi, MS BE Rice, RC Tritsch, DE TI Effect of intergranular surface attack on the fatigue and corrosion properties of AM-355 CRT material SO EFFECTS OF PRODUCT QUALITY AND DESIGN CRITERIA ON STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Product Quality and Design on Structural Integrity CY MAY 05, 1997 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP ASTM Comm E8 Fatigue & Fracture DE AM-355; fatigue; fretting; corrosion; corrosion potential; passivation AB A dynamic part, consisting of a stack of laminates, failed in the field after an unexpectedly short life. Failure analysis showed that a multitude of fatigue cracks originated from a combination of corrosion and fretting. Recent changes in the production process of the laminates resulted in the presence of an intergranular (IG) morphology on the surface. Due to the criticality of this part's application, a better understanding of the influence of varying degrees of IG attack on fatigue properties was pursued. Coupon specimens were machined from actual components with different surface IG conditions and were subjected to fatigue testing, Results showed a direct relationship between the number of cycles to failure and the severity of surface IG attack. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements indicated that a sample with IG attack had a lower breakdown potential and an unstable passivation behavior as compared to that without an IG attack. The detrimental effects of surface IG attack on the crack initiation process, endurance limit and corrosion resistance is discussed in terms of the stress concentration and breakdown of the passivation layer. C1 USA, Aviat Troop Command, St Louis, MO 63120 USA. RP Bhansali, KJ (reprint author), USA, Aviat Troop Command, St Louis, MO 63120 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2485-6 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1998 VL 1337 BP 3 EP 19 DI 10.1520/STP12340S PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM04B UT WOS:000077471300001 ER PT S AU Champagne, VK AF Champagne, VK BE Rice, RC Tritsch, DE TI Failure analysis of an age hardenable, nickel base superalloy barrel nut from an Army attack helicopter SO EFFECTS OF PRODUCT QUALITY AND DESIGN CRITERIA ON STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Product Quality and Design on Structural Integrity CY MAY 05, 1997 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP ASTM Comm E8 Fatigue & Fracture DE failure analysis; fractography; hydrogen induced cracking; Inconel 718 AB During a routine preflight inspection at Ft. Hood, an outboard barrel nut was found to be cracked on an Army helicopter. The part was fabricated from Inconel 718 UNS N07718) according to AMS 5662F, "Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Rings, Corrosion and Heat Resistant". Subsequent inspections at Ft. Hood and Ft. Rucker revealed an additional seven barrel nuts with large cracks. The components are used in many critical applications. The failures under investigation in this study were relegated to the vertical stabilizer of the aircraft. The failures were all attributed to hydrogen induced cracking. Galling between the unlubricated bolt and the nut threads provided the sustained hoop stress while galvanic corrosion of the carbon steel retaining clip in contact with the barrel nut generated hydrogen. Microstructural analysis of the nut revealed excessive banding consisting of a Widmanstatten phase and MC carbides which ran parallel to the fracture plane. The grains were almost completely surrounded by an undesirable acicular delta phase. No evidence of Laves phase was observed, Recommendations were made to utilize a corrosion inhibitive lubricant on the threads of the barrel nut and mating bolt to reduce galling and the consequential high stresses which result from metal to metal contact during torquing. A stress analysis of the part showed that the high strength level of the material could be reduced to increase fracture toughness and resistance to hydrogen cracking. The acicular delta phase should be avoided in accordance with AMS 5662F and the extrusion direction of the material should be parallel to the principal loading direction. Salt fog testing of the proposed barrel nut configuration revealed that the shoulder height base thickness should be increased. Future vendors should qualify their product by conducting a prescribed salt fog test incorporating the prescribed torque requirements. Finally, the material used to fabricate the retaining clip should be changed to prevent galvanic corrosion. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Champagne, VK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2485-6 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1998 VL 1337 BP 120 EP 132 DI 10.1520/STP12345S PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM04B UT WOS:000077471300006 ER PT B AU Adams, WJ Jansen, BJ Howard, R AF Adams, WJ Jansen, BJ Howard, R BE Silberschatz, A Zhang, AD Mehrotra, S TI Distributed digital library architecture: The key to success for distance learning SO EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RESEARCH ISSUES IN DATA ENGINEERING - CONTINUOUS-MEDIA DATABASES AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Research Issues in Data Engineering - Continuous-Media Databases and Applications CY FEB 23-24, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Data Engn AB Cost cutting and personnel restructuring are forcing organizations to make difficult decisions on where to spend money. Among the areas hit hard by budget cuts are education and training. Academic, industrial, and governmental institutions are all seeking means to leverage technology to improve the timeliness, efficiency, and standardization of their required training. One way to extend budgets while continuing to deliver training is by constructing distributed digital libraries. A distributed digital library consists of material on separate machines connected via a network. The challenge of managing this information is deciding how to store the information and how users will connect, search, and retrieve the material. One method, the monolithic library, forces all user interactions through a single, controlling node of the library network. Another is called the distributed library which hides the actual server architecture by allowing the user to interact with whichever library node is nearest to him. Using the model of the U.S. Army's Army Training Digital Library as an example, this paper will discuss challenges and solutions to indexing, searching, and retrieving material from globally distributed digital libraries. In particular, this paper will compare the costs and benefits of using a monolithic library structure with that of a distributed digital library. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept EE & CS, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Adams, WJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept EE & CS, W Point, NY 10996 USA. OI Jansen, Bernard/0000-0002-6468-6609 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8389-9 PY 1998 BP 2 EP 8 DI 10.1109/RIDE.1998.658272 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BK52K UT WOS:000072433700001 ER PT J AU Pakhomov, AG Prol, HK Akyel, Y AF Pakhomov, AG Prol, HK Akyel, Y TI A pilot study of the millimeter-wavelength radiation effect on synaptic transmission SO ELECTRO- AND MAGNETOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Effects of 41.34 GHz millimeter waves (MMWs) were studied in the isolated hemisected frog spinal cord preparation. The purpose of the work was to establish whether MMW irradiation alters conduction in a polysynaptic pathway from dorsal root (DR) afferent fibers to efferents of the respective ventral root (VR). After isolating and placement of the cord in the exposure bath, the DR,, or DR, was stimulated with single supramaximal pulses every 30 s. Experiments began after 30-160 min of stabilization and lasted for 65 min, without any changes or interruptions of the stimulation routine. Each experiment included two identical 5-min MMW exposures (2.8 mW/cm(2), at 25 and 50 min into the experiment). During the rest of the time the preparation was sham exposed. VR responses to the DR stimulation (DR-VRRs) represented a variable polyphasic wave with a latency of 8-15 ms, 0.5-3 mV peak amplitude, and 30-70 ms duration. Al DR-VRRs recorded during the experiment were stored for automated analysis of spontaneous (unforced) waveform changes and MMW-induced changes. For the entire studied group of 13 preparations, the first MMW irradiation increased the waveform changes by 14% (p <.02 compared with the preceding sham exposure). Of this group, 9 preparations with the most pronounced reaction to the first MMW exposure had no reaction to the second exposure. In contrast, the other 4 preparations with subtle or no effect of the first exposure reacted strongly to the second exposure. The difference in the effect of two consequent and identical MMW exposures infers that this effect was not caused by MMW heating and involved regulatory physiological mechanisms, such as adaptation and sensitization. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, McKesson Bioserv, Microwave Bioeffects Branch, US Army Med Res Detachment,Brooks AFB, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Pakhomov, AG (reprint author), USA, MCMR, US Army Med Res Detachment, 8308 Hawks Rd,Bldg 1168,Brooks AFB, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. EM pakhomov@netxpress.com NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1061-9526 J9 ELECTRO MAGNETOBIOL JI Electro Magnetobiol. PY 1998 VL 17 IS 2 BP 115 EP 125 DI 10.3109/15368379809022557 PG 11 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 107PX UT WOS:000075219100002 ER PT S AU Combs, RJ AF Combs, RJ BE Fallahi, M Howden, E TI Noise assessment for passive FT-IR spectrometer measurements SO ELECTRO-OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR REMOTE CHEMICAL DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Electro-Optical Technology for Remote Chemical Detection and Identification III CY APR 13, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE infrared spectrometry; noise equivalent radiance; infrared analysis AB The spectroradiometric performance characteristics of a FT-IR spectrometer are evaluated as a function of temperature, optical mirror velocity, and spectral resolution. The noise equivalent radiance per root Hertz is used in these noise evaluations and is shown to be an important Michelson interferometer figure of merit. C1 USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Combs, RJ (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2832-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3383 BP 75 EP 91 DI 10.1117/12.317638 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL67X UT WOS:000076298700008 ER PT J AU Saffarian, HM Srinivasan, R Chu, D Gilman, S AF Saffarian, HM Srinivasan, R Chu, D Gilman, S TI Area determination in fractal surfaces of Pt and Pt-Ru catalysts for methanol oxidation SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE fractal; surface roughness; scanning tunneling microscopy; platinum-ruthenium alloys; methanol oxidation ID ELECTRODES; PLATINUM; ELECTROCATALYSIS; ELECTROOXIDATION; IMPEDANCE; ALLOYS AB The surface:areas of Pt and Pt-Ru alloys have been estimated by a fractal technique. Fractal measurements were made using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM), which measures the surface corrugations. This STM-based fractal-technique is offered as an alternative to gas adsorption technique;for area estimation. The usefulness of the fractal approach to area calculation in the Pt-Ru alloy, where the hydrogen adsorption technique cannot be used, is demonstrated using the kinetics of methanol oxidation. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Electrochem Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Srinivasan, R (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 44 IS 8-9 BP 1447 EP 1454 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(98)00268-0 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 148XJ UT WOS:000077559300021 ER PT J AU Karasz, MA Wnek, GE AF Karasz, MA Wnek, GE TI Tunable electroluminescence from ionomers doped with cationic lumophores SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Polymer Electrolytes (ISPE-5) CY AUG 10-16, 1996 CL UPPSALA, SWEDEN ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; WHITE-LIGHT; POLYMERS AB We report a novel electroluminescent device using an ionic polymer as the host for ionically functionalized fluorescent dyes. Blue electroluminescence is observed from the laser dye 5-Phenyl-2-(4-pyridyl)oxazole (PPyO), methyl tosylate salt immobilized in the fluoropolymer Nafion which is spin-coated onto a conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) glass anode. The same ionomers are also used to blend small amounts of the conducting polymer poly(o-toluidine) to form an efficient hole injecting layer between the ITO and emitter layer. Electron injecting layers are constructed with 2, 5-bis(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole in Nafion and are spincoated on top of the emitter layer. The cathode is an evaporated aluminum layer on top of the electron injecting layer. Devices operate in forward and reverse bias and under AC fields with light emission corresponding closely to device photoluminescence spectra. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Chem, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Karasz, MA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Chem, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 43 IS 10-11 BP 1623 EP 1628 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(97)10063-9 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA ZT361 UT WOS:000074077400077 ER PT J AU Chu, D AF Chu, D TI O-2 reduction at the Pt/Nafion interface in 85% concentrated H3PO4 SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Joint International Meeting of the International-Society-of-Electrochemistry and the Electrochemical-Society CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Int Soc Electrochem, Electrochem Soc DE Nafion (a trademark of EI du Pont de Nemours and Company); platinum; O-2 reduction; 85% H3PO4; fuel cell ID ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTIONS; OXYGEN REDUCTION; DISK ELECTRODE; POLYMER-FILMS; KINETICS; TRANSPORT; NAFION AB The kinetics of oxygen electroreduction have been studied on a smooth platinum electrode coated with Nafion(R) in concentrated 85% H3PO4 The effects of Nafion(R) coatings of different thickness on O-2 electroreduction at a smooth Pt rotating disk electrode with 85% phosphoric acid as the bulk electrolyte were examined. The kinetic current increases with increasing Nafion(R) film thickness while the diffusion limiting current decreases with increasing Nafion(R) film thickness. A O-2 concentration profile model for the Pt/Nafion(R)/bulk electrolyte has been established, and this model can be used to explain the O-2 reduction polarization results. The performance of Nafion(R)-modified, high surface area Pt/carbon air cathodes for use in the H-2-air concentrated phosphoric acid fuel cell was also studied. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chu, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 43 IS 24 BP 3711 EP 3718 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(98)00129-7 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 115HT UT WOS:000075658900011 ER PT J AU Gambel, JM Shlim, DR Canas, LC Cox, NJ Regnery, HL Scott, RM Vaughn, DW Hoke, CH Kelley, PW AF Gambel, JM Shlim, DR Canas, LC Cox, NJ Regnery, HL Scott, RM Vaughn, DW Hoke, CH Kelley, PW TI Partnerships for detecting emerging infectious diseases: Nepal and global influenza surveillance SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. CIWEC Clin, Kathmandu, Nepal. Armstrong Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Gambel, JM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN-MAR PY 1998 VL 4 IS 1 BP 128 EP 130 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YX165 UT WOS:000072012900022 PM 9452409 ER PT B AU Ballard, JH Cullinane, MJ AF Ballard, JH Cullinane, MJ BE Ricketts, J TI Tri-service site characterization and analysis penetrometer system (SCAPS) technology verification and transition SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL VISIONS FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th World Energy Engineering Congress (WEEC) CY NOV 19-21, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Natl Assoc State Energy Officials, US Dept Commerce, US DOE, Off Natl Programs, US Gen Serv Adm, Natl Assoc Energy Serv Co, Power Marketing Assoc, Atlanta Gas Light Co, Gas Res Inst, Amer Gas Cooling Ctr, Ind Ctr Inc AB In response to a critical need for a rapid and cost effective technology to characterize soil and groundwater conditions on Department of Defense (DoD) installations, the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) sponsored by the U.S. Army Environmental Center (AEC) developed the Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS). In a cooperative effort, the WES and AEC partnered with the U.S. Naval Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance Center (NCCOSC); the U.S. Air Force Armstrong Laboratory (AFAL); and the Department of Energy (DOE) to accelerate the development, demonstration, and transition of in situ contaminant sensor and sampler technologies developed under the SCAPS umbrella. The SCAPS offers a suite of sensing and sampling technologies capable of detecting, discriminating, and quantifying subsurface physical characteristics and a wide variety of contaminants. C1 USA, Environm Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Ballard, JH (reprint author), USA, Environm Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAIRMONT PRESS INC PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA BN 0-88173-289-3 PY 1998 BP 427 EP 435 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR93V UT WOS:000168119300056 ER PT B AU Burchell, M Talley, J Zappi, M Francingues, N AF Burchell, M Talley, J Zappi, M Francingues, N BE Ricketts, J TI Biocells for remediation of diesel fuel contaminated soil (a canned solution) SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL VISIONS FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th World Energy Engineering Congress (WEEC) CY NOV 19-21, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Natl Assoc State Energy Officials, US Dept Commerce, US DOE, Off Natl Programs, US Gen Serv Adm, Natl Assoc Energy Serv Co, Power Marketing Assoc, Atlanta Gas Light Co, Gas Res Inst, Amer Gas Cooling Ctr, Ind Ctr Inc AB Current technologies that successfully treat soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons include landfarming, bioventing, and heap pile bioremediation. In some cases, these technologies may be impractical for sites with low volumes of contaminated soils. In recognition of this need, engineers at the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) Vicksburg, Mississippi, developed the biocell process. Biocells are designed to fill the niche for bioremediation of small quantities (less than 500 cubic meters) of soils contaminated with low to intermediate ranges of petroleum hydrocarbons. Commercially available roll-off dumpsters form the framework of an above-ground reactor that is the biocell. Pilot scale evaluation of the biocell system was conducted using a 7.6 cubic meter(10 cubic yard) dumpster, fitted with inlet and outlet ports and monitoring equipment. The pilot study was conducted at the Advanced Fuel Hydrocarbon Remediation National Test Location in Port Hueneme, California. Soil contaminated with diesel fuel was treated. The soil concentration of 736 mg/kg total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) was reduced to 147 mg/kg TPH in 105 days. Ninety-eight percent of the reduction was attributed to bioremediation, while the remaining fraction was volatilized. Ambient temperature significantly influenced biodegradation rates. C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Burchell, M (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FAIRMONT PRESS INC PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA BN 0-88173-289-3 PY 1998 BP 437 EP 445 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR93V UT WOS:000168119300057 ER PT B AU Fleming, BC Francingues, NR AF Fleming, BC Francingues, NR BE Ricketts, J TI Dark advanced oxidation processes: An alternative for remediation of rocky mountain arsenal groundwaters SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL VISIONS FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th World Energy Engineering Congress (WEEC) CY NOV 19-21, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Natl Assoc State Energy Officials, US Dept Commerce, US DOE, Off Natl Programs, US Gen Serv Adm, Natl Assoc Energy Serv Co, Power Marketing Assoc, Atlanta Gas Light Co, Gas Res Inst, Amer Gas Cooling Ctr, Ind Ctr Inc AB The feasibility of using peroxone (a combination of ozone and hydrogen peroxide) for remediation of diisopropylmethylphosphonate (DIMP), pesticides, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in contaminated groundwater was evaluated at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal using the peroxone oxidation pilot system (POPS). The POPS consisted of four fourteen-foot glass columns, plumbed in series. Hydrogen peroxide was mixed with the contaminated water before entering the columns and the hydrogen peroxide/water mixture was fed in a downflow mode while ozone was diffused into the base of each column, for a countercurrent column operation. Varying oxidizer concentrations and hydraulic retention times were studied. Based on the results of evaluations at the North Boundary Containment System (NBCS), a hydrogen peroxide concentration between 100 and 250 mg/l and an ozone composition of 2 percent were the operating conditions that achieved the highest removal for the majority of the compounds evaluated. The results indicated that peroxone treatment is a viable alternative to reduce the organics present in RMA NBCS waters. C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Fleming, BC (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FAIRMONT PRESS INC PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA BN 0-88173-289-3 PY 1998 BP 447 EP 455 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR93V UT WOS:000168119300058 ER PT S AU Hull, DM Vinci, SJ AF Hull, DM Vinci, SJ BE DePersia, AT Pennella, JJ TI Passive aircraft detection and noncooperative helicopter identification using extremely low frequency (ELF) electric field sensors SO ENFORCEMENT AND SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enforcement and Security Technologies CY NOV 03-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE quasi-static; method of moments; computer modeling; data collection; time-frequency analysis; signatures AB A new type of passive electric field sensor concept that measures extremely low frequency (ELF) electric fields shows promise for detecting low-flying aircraft near, for example, airport runways or national borders. Because different types of aircraft (jets, airplanes, and helicopters) exhibit different signature characteristics, this type of sensor allows basic target classification. Additionally, helicopters generate ELF electric fields with strong spectral lines corresponding to the rotation of the main and tail rotors, so that the sensor can perform passive, noncooperative helicopter identification. Arrays of these sensors can be used to estimate aircraft speed, direction, and height above the ground. We developed detailed 3-D models of an electrically charged helicopter and ground-based sensors, and simulated both target fields and sensor responses. We designed and built prototype sensors, which we used to collect data for various aircraft in the field; the collected signatures compare favorably with the simulated data. Our investigations to date indicate that these sensors naturally complement both fixed radars and distributed acoustic sensors; such a sensor could also be used alone as a low-cost and rugged alternative. This paper outlines the ELF sensor concept, the models, and the sensor hardware we used, and compares simulated and collected signatures. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Vinci, SJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3041-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3575 BP 134 EP 145 DI 10.1117/12.334982 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BM46H UT WOS:000078814600016 ER PT J AU Earls, CJ Galambos, TV AF Earls, CJ Galambos, TV TI Practical compactness and bracing provisions for the design of single angle beams SO ENGINEERING JOURNAL-AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION INC LA English DT Article AB This paper presents rational and practical design provisions for use with single angle beams. Compactness limits, bracing limits, and nominal moment capacity predictive equations are specified herein. Four common flexural orientations of the single angle cross section are considered. Experimentally verified nonlinear finite element modeling techniques are used extensively in this work. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Earls, CJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST STEEL CONSTRUCTION PI CHICAGO PA ONE EAST WACKER DR, SUITE 3100, CHICAGO, IL 60601-2001 USA SN 0013-8029 J9 ENG J AISC JI Eng. J.-Amer. Inst. Steel Constr. PY 1998 VL 35 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA ZR298 UT WOS:000073960100003 ER PT B AU Stakhiv, EZ Allman, TK AF Stakhiv, EZ Allman, TK BE Boland, JJ Bell, ME Stakhiv, EZ TI The economic evaluation of solid waste management options SO ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SUB-SER 2, ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Environmental Infrastructure Management CY APR 30-MAY 04, 1995 CL KIEV, UKRAINE SP NATO AB Issues crucial to the successful implementation of a municipal solid waste (MSW) management program are reviewed. As one of the major responsibilities of local government, management of MSW can require utilization of a substantial portion of community resources, so it is in the interest of the community to undertake careful economic evaluation of all alternative waste solutions. Evaluation should extend beyond the assessment of physical performance and service outputs, to consider the manner by which the services are delivered in terms of economic efficiency. Generally these goals will consist of efficiency, reliability, environmental stability and equity. Implementing and monitoring a MSW management program requires deliberate planning. Given the primary public works' objectives of efficiency, reliability, environmental stability, and equity, local officials should follow a series of steps to develop a waste program that meets these goals. An outline of those steps is presented, beginning with a description of the waste statistics that are useful in assessing a community's waste problem. U.S. statistics are described as an example of the characteristics of MSW. Once a community possesses this information, it must design a system that addresses the identified problems, in a manner that is congruous with federal, state and local regulations, and falls within the financial capability of the region. Individuals and entities that play a significant role in this process are identified and the interplay between these entities in the siting, designing, financing, constructing, operating, and monitoring of a waste management program are discussed. In 1989 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) suggested that communities pursue an integrated program of source reduction, recycling, incineration and landfill. These options are compared according to the degree of fulfillment of the various elements of the public works' objectives. Source reduction is appealing, because if. reduces the resources needed for waste disposal. Both economic theory and practical experience indicate that a significant reduction in MSW can result if residents' waste service payments ape linked to the quantity of waste they dispose. Recycling is another means by which the quantity of waste disposed can be reduced. In order for the product cycle to be complete, the recycled material must be reused and sold as a new product. This involves substantial marketing and possibly legislation. In its developmental stage, this type of program is very costly. Once non disposal options have been exhausted, EPA suggests considering incineration as a method of disposal. Incineration reduces the volume of the waste by about 70 percent and generates electricity from the heat produced during combustion. Not every community finds it practical to establish an incineration system, because these systems are very capital intensive and demand a; large investment. If incineration is not a viable option, then the community must landfill its waste. Before the era of landfill regulation, this was a very inexpensive means of getting rid of MSW, These inexpensive landfills, however, were responsible for polluting groundwater in many municipalities. The new regulations require landfill operators to incorporate the latest technologies that protect groundwater. Unfortunately, the regulations impose costs that significantly raised the price of this disposal option, resulting in a municipal waste disposal "crisis". In order to examine the relative economic advantages of various options, an example of the life-cycle cost of four waste disposal options for two hypothetical communities is presented. These two communities are of different sizes to gain some idea of the economies of scale available for waste disposal technology. Disposal alternatives evaluated include a system of landfill only, one of incineration with landfill of ash, another of landfill with recycling, and finally a system of incineration with recycling and landfill of ash. After calculating the present value of the costs of each option, it appears that the least cost method of disposal is landfilling, even with the imposition of stringent regulations, and increased costs associated with those regulations. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4866-4 J9 NATO ASI 2 PY 1998 VL 37 BP 1 EP 46 PG 46 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL14F UT WOS:000074436700001 ER PT B AU Stakhiv, EZ Winslow, EM AF Stakhiv, EZ Winslow, EM BE Boland, JJ Bell, ME Stakhiv, EZ TI Environmental impact assessment and decisionmaking for infrastructure management SO ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SUB-SER 2, ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Environmental Infrastructure Management CY APR 30-MAY 04, 1995 CL KIEV, UKRAINE SP NATO AB Due to the growing recognition of the importance of natural resources to a healthy economy as well as a safe living environment, environmental impact assessment (ETA) has become an essential tool for wise governmental decisionmaking at the international, national, and local levels. Natural resources are as essential as man-made infrastructure is in maintaining a vibrant, sustainable economy. Even 'environmental infrastructure' (i.e.; waste water treatment facilities, water supply purification, solid waste disposal, and air pollution control), which is typically thought to be environmentally friendly, needs to undergo a thorough EIA process in conjunction with benefit cost analysis (BCA). The EIA process can be thought of as simply as a parallel or complementary BCA for environmental goods and services. The National Environmental Policy Act of the United States in 1969 was the first example of a framework for integrating EIA into the decisionmaking process. NEPA is well intentioned, but it has spawned an assessment process that is unstructured, incomplete, inconsistent, and not well integrated with all facets of the governmental decision making process. Other models of integrating environmental impact assessment into multiobjective decisionmaking are available and should be drawn upon in order to develop the means for integrating EIA into an overall infrastructure management framework. These models include the U.S. Water Resources Council's Economic and Environmental Principles and Guidelines for Water and Related Land Resources Implementation Studies, multiobjective and multiattribute utility theory analytical techniques, and the ecosystem management approach. EIA should be an integral element of the infrastructure management toolkit, and a well-structured framework is needed to assure its coherent implementation, particularly in view of the need to evaluate alternative strategies for watershed and ecosystem management and sustainable development options. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4866-4 J9 NATO ASI 2 PY 1998 VL 37 BP 167 EP 202 PG 36 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL14F UT WOS:000074436700008 ER PT J AU Hewitt, AD AF Hewitt, AD TI Comparison of sample preparation methods for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in soil samples: Solvent extraction vs vapor partitioning SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEADSPACE ANALYSIS; SORPTION AB Presently, both direct vapor partitioning and solvent extraction methods of sample preparation are commonly used for the characterization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in soil. These two approaches of recovering VOCs from this matrix, and other forms of solid waste, are often used interchangeably without any recognition of how different parameters (enviromental and procedural) influence their performance. Three vapor partitioning headspace and three solvent extraction methods of preparing soil samples for the determination of VOCs were compared, without being confounded by volatilization or biodegradation losses. Soil samples were spiked with five aromatic and four chlorinated compounds using two different laboratory procedures. Recovery efficiencies for the preparation methods tested depended on soil organic carbon content, the octanol-water partition coefficients of specific analytes, and the duration of solvent extraction. Overall, methanol extraction was the most efficient and robust method for recovering spiked VOCs. Recovery of VOCs with tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether and poly(propylene)glycol, as well as three vapor partitioning headspace methods, were frequently less than that obtained with methanol. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Hewitt, AD (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 32 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 1 BP 143 EP 149 DI 10.1021/es970431q PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YP503 UT WOS:000071284200042 ER PT J AU Clarke, JU AF Clarke, JU TI Evaluation of censored data methods to allow statistical comparisons among very small samples with below detection limit observations SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY DATA; DISTRIBUTIONAL PARAMETERS; RANK-TESTS; DATA SETS; VARIANCE; VALUES; LESS AB A simulation and verification study assessing the performance of 10 censored data reconstitution methods was conducted to develop guidance for statistical comparisons among very small samples (n < 10) with below detection limit observations in dredged sediment testing. Censored data methods were evaluated for preservation of power and nominal type I error rate in subsequent statistical comparisons. Method performance was influenced by amount of censoring, data transformation, population distribution, and variance characteristics. For nearly all situations examined, substitution of a constant such as one-half the detection limit equaled or outperformed more complicated methods. Regression order statistics and maximum likelihood techniques previously recommended for estimating population parameters from censored environmental samples generally performed pearly in very small-sample statistical hypothesis testing with more than minimal censoring, due to their inability to accurately infer distributional properties and their consequent low power or high type I error rates. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Clarke, JU (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 36 TC 96 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 1 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1021/es970521v PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YP503 UT WOS:000071284200047 ER PT S AU Lejeune, KE Dravis, BC Yang, FX Hetro, AD Doctor, BP Russell, AJ AF Lejeune, KE Dravis, BC Yang, FX Hetro, AD Doctor, BP Russell, AJ BE Laskin, AI Li, GX Yu, YT TI Fighting nerve agent chemical weapons with enzyme technology SO ENZYME ENGINEERING XIV SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Enzyme Engineering Conference CY OCT 12-17, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Engn Fdn, New York, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Soc Enzyme Engn ID GAS-PHASE REACTOR; PSEUDOMONAS-DIMINUTA; IMMOBILIZED PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; DETOXIFICATION; HYDROLYSIS; STABILITY; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; PURIFICATION; DEACTIVATION AB The extreme toxicity of organophosphorous-based compounds has been known since the late 1930s. Starting in the mid-1940s, many nations throughout the world have been producing large quantities of organophosphorous (OP) nerve agents. Huge stockpiles of nerve agents have since developed. There are reportedly more than 200,000 tons of nerve agents in existence worldwide. There is an obvious need for protective clothing capable of guarding an individual from exposure to OP chemical weapons. Also, chemical processes that can effectively demilitarize and detoxify stored nerve agents are in great demand The new and widely publicized Chemical Weapons Treaty requires such processes to soon be in place throughout the world. Biotechnology may provide the tools necessary to make such processes not only possible, but quite efficient in reducing the nerve agent dilemma. The following paper discusses some of the history in developing enzyme technology against nerve agents. Our laboratory has interest in enhancing the productivity and potential utility of these systems in both demilitarization and decontamination applications. Freeze-dried nerve agent-hydrolyzing enzyme preparations have been shown to be effective in decontaminating gaseous nerve agents. The direct incorporation of nerve agent-hydrolyzing enzymes within cross-linked polyurethane foam matrices during polymer synthesis has been shown to dramatically enhance the productivity of two different enzyme systems. The future goal of such work Lies in building a bridge between the clinical application of nerve agent-hydrolyzing enzymes and practical processing techniques that may take advantage of the initial results already achieved in the laboratory. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15230 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Russell, AJ (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15230 USA. OI Russell, Alan/0000-0001-5101-4371 NR 37 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-149-9 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1998 VL 864 BP 153 EP 170 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10298.x PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BM29U UT WOS:000078305800017 PM 9928090 ER PT S AU Cheng, TC Rastogi, VK Defrank, JJ Sawiris, GP AF Cheng, TC Rastogi, VK Defrank, JJ Sawiris, GP BE Laskin, AI Li, GX Yu, YT TI G-type nerve agent decontamination by Alteromonas prolidase SO ENZYME ENGINEERING XIV SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Enzyme Engineering Conference CY OCT 12-17, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Engn Fdn, New York, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Soc Enzyme Engn ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BACTERIAL ENZYME; GENE; CLONING; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION; RNA C1 USA, Edgewood Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Environm Technol Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Geo Ctr Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Cheng, TC (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Environm Technol Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 13 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-149-9 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1998 VL 864 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10316.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BM29U UT WOS:000078305800035 PM 9928098 ER PT S AU Ayyagari, M Akkara, JA Kaplan, DL AF Ayyagari, M Akkara, JA Kaplan, DL BE Gross, RA Kaplan, DL Swift, G TI Solvent-enzyme-polymer interactions in the molecular-weight control of poly(m-cresol) synthesized in nonaqueous media SO ENZYMES IN POLYMER SYNTHESIS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Enzymes in Polymer Synthesis, at the 211th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polym Mat, Sci & Engn ID ORGANIC-SOLVENTS AB Poly(m-cresol) was synthesized by horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed reactions in ethanol/buffer mixtures. Polymer molecular weight was controlled by manipulating the solvent composition. The effect of solvent composition on enzyme activity and polymer solubility was studied to understand the factors affecting polymer molecular weight. Enzyme kinetics revealed the effect of solvent on enzyme activity and substrate partitioning between bulk solvent and the enzyme. Thermal and spectroscopic characteristics of the polymer are discussed. C1 USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Soldier Syst Command, Div Biotechnol, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Biotechnol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Ayyagari, M (reprint author), USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Soldier Syst Command, Div Biotechnol, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3543-0 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1998 VL 684 BP 112 EP 124 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BK18B UT WOS:000071431700006 ER PT S AU Banerjee, S Ramannair, P Wu, K John, VT McPherson, G Akkara, JA Kaplan, D AF Banerjee, S Ramannair, P Wu, K John, VT McPherson, G Akkara, JA Kaplan, D BE Gross, RA Kaplan, DL Swift, G TI A biocatalytic approach to novel phenolic polymers and their composites SO ENZYMES IN POLYMER SYNTHESIS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Enzymes in Polymer Synthesis, at the 211th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polym Mat, Sci & Engn ID SURFACTANT MICROSTRUCTURES; PEROXIDASE AB We describe research to understand basic structure/function properties of conjugated phenolic polymers and their composites, and to exploit applications in enzyme delivery systems, coatings technologies and luminescent materials. The polymers are synthesized enzymatically, and the reaction is very feasible when carried out in the essentially nonaqueous system of reversed micelles. The reaction is catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase, which fully retains catalytic activity in these systems. Additionally, monomer solubility is significantly enhanced through hydrogen bonding with the surfactant. The polymer is produced in a microspherical morphology and the internal density of these microspheres can be controlled. It is possible to encapsulate enzymes in these microspheres leading to novel enzyme delivery systems. Depending on the monomer used, it is possible to prepare luminescent polymers, and polymers that bind to semiconductor nanoparticles. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Soldier Syst Command, Div Biotechnol, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Banerjee, S (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RI John, Vijay/G-3747-2010 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3543-0 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1998 VL 684 BP 125 EP 143 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BK18B UT WOS:000071431700007 ER PT S AU Bruno, FF Dordick, JS Kaplan, DL Akkara, JA AF Bruno, FF Dordick, JS Kaplan, DL Akkara, JA BE Gross, RA Kaplan, DL Swift, G TI Regioselective enzymatic transesterification of polysaccharides in organic solvents SO ENZYMES IN POLYMER SYNTHESIS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Enzymes in Polymer Synthesis, at the 211th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polym Mat, Sci & Engn ID CATALYSIS AB Enzymes catalyze a large number of reactions in non-aqueous media that are not possible in aqueous solution. One of these reactions is the enzyme catalyzed acylation of alcohols. Recently it was observed that enzymes can be extracted from aqueous solutions into organic solvents by using very low surfactant concentrations via ion-pairing between the surfactant and the protein. In the present work we demonstrate the site of selective transesterification of polysaccharides with fatty acids in the presence of ion-paired subtilisin carlsberg. The polysaccharides and corresponding derivatives used include amylose, cyclodextrins, and hydroxyethyl cellulose. Characterization data including FTIR and TGA is reported. C1 USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Div Biotechnol, Soldier Syst Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Ctr Biocatalysis & Biotechnol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Biotechnol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Akkara, JA (reprint author), USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Div Biotechnol, Soldier Syst Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3543-0 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1998 VL 684 BP 167 EP 174 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BK18B UT WOS:000071431700009 ER PT B AU Dortch, M Ruiz, C Gerald, T Hall, R AF Dortch, M Ruiz, C Gerald, T Hall, R BE Spaulding, ML Blumberg, AF TI Three-dimensional contaminant transport/fate model SO ESTUARINE AND COASTAL MODELING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling CY OCT 22-24, 1997 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA ID ESTUARY AB Management of estuarine and coastal waters requires prediction of contaminant transport and fate with relatively high spatial resolution and complete process descriptions. A recently developed model, referred to as CE-QUAL-ICM/TOXI, combines parts of two previously existing models to satisfy these needs. The transport framework of the eutrophication model, CE-QUAL-ICM, was combined with the toxic substance fate routines of EPA's WASP model. The result is an improved contaminant model that exhibits accurate transport capabilities with widely used fate process descriptions. Additionally, a benthic sediment module was formulated using variable numbers of layers and layer thicknesses to provide improved capabilities for simulating long-term benthic contaminant fate. The contaminant model is indirectly linked to a three-dimensional, hydrodynamic model, CH3D-WES, to drive the water column transport terms of the contaminant model. A dynamic solids balance for the water column and bed can be simulated within the model or read in from a sediment transport model, such as CH3D-COSED. For validation purposes, the model was applied to a flooded limestone quarry dosed with DDE. The model compared favorably against observed data and results from another simpler contaminant model. An application of the model to the New York-New Jersey harbor-estuary system for total PCBs is presented. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Dortch, M (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0350-3 PY 1998 BP 75 EP 89 PG 15 WC Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BP58L UT WOS:000085572100006 ER PT B AU Scheffner, NW Fitzpatrick, PJ AF Scheffner, NW Fitzpatrick, PJ BE Spaulding, ML Blumberg, AF TI Real-time predictions of surge propagation SO ESTUARINE AND COASTAL MODELING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling CY OCT 22-24, 1997 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA AB This paper describes the development and implementation of a procedure for forecasting the propagation of a hurricane surge. The approach requires the successive application of three components. The first is an interactive input interface in which the user obtains an updated marine advisory forecast from web site locations such as that of the National Hurricane Center. The known and projected locations of the storm are then used to define input to the second component of the procedure, a Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) hurricane model. The PBL model employs the vertically-averaged primitive equations of motion for predicting hurricane-generated wind and atmospheric pressure fields which are computed at each node in a translating uniform grid and interpolates them onto the computational grid of the third component of the procedure, the depth-integrated finite element long-wave hydrodynamic ADvanced CIRCulation (ADCIRC) model. The PBL-based wind and pressure fields are input to the ADCIRC model to compute the propagating storm surge over the documented and projected track of the storm. Surface elevation and currents corresponding to the last known location of the hurricane eye are archived in "hot start" flies. Projected track information are then used to estimate surge propagation from the last known location of the eye. New simulations can then made for each updated forecast. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Scheffner, NW (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0350-3 PY 1998 BP 374 EP 388 PG 15 WC Engineering, Marine; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BP58L UT WOS:000085572100026 ER EF