FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Alshawabkeh, AN Gale, RJ Ozsu-Acar, E Bricka, RM AF Alshawabkeh, AN Gale, RJ Ozsu-Acar, E Bricka, RM TI Optimization of 2-D electrode configuration for electrokinetic remediation SO JOURNAL OF SOIL CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE soil; remediation; electroosmosis; ion migration; electrokinetics; heavy metals ID SOIL REMEDIATION; REMOVAL; ELECTROOSMOSIS; KAOLINITE; CONTAMINANTS; FIELDS; METALS; MODEL; LEAD; CLAY AB A practical evaluation of one- and two-dimensional applications of electric fields for in situ extraction of contaminants is provided. The evaluation is based on contaminant transport by electroosmosis and ion migration. Parameters evaluated include electrode requirements, effectiveness of electric field distribution, remediation time, and energy expenditure. Formulation is provided for calculating cost components of the process, including electrode, energy, chemicals, posttreatment, fixed, and variable costs. Equations are also provided for evaluating optimum electrode spacings based on energy and time requirements. The derivations show that spacing between same-polarity electrodes is as significant in cost calculations and in process effectiveness as that between anodes and cathodes. Decreasing the same-polarity electrode spacing to half the anode-cathode spacing will result in a 100% increase in electrode requirements, but will decrease the area of the ineffective electric field by one half. Selection of the voltage gradient impacts the optimum electrode spacing. The analysis show that a minimum exists in the cost versus electrode spacings relationship. C1 Northeastern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Snell Engn Ctr 420, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Electrokinet Inc, Baton Rouge, LA 70809 USA. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Alshawabkeh, AN (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Snell Engn Ctr 420, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 28 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 11 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1058-8337 J9 J SOIL CONTAM JI J. Soil Contam. PY 1999 VL 8 IS 6 BP 617 EP 635 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 272VJ UT WOS:000084671400001 ER PT J AU Taylor, MS Sturek, WB AF Taylor, MS Sturek, WB TI Statistical comparison of computed surface pressure predictions SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article C1 USA, Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USA, Res Lab, Corp Informat & Comp Ctr, High Performance Comp Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Taylor, MS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Automat Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 36 IS 1 BP 148 EP 149 DI 10.2514/2.7592 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 166LJ UT WOS:000078577800018 ER PT J AU Wilson, DK Brasseur, JG Gilbert, KE AF Wilson, DK Brasseur, JG Gilbert, KE TI Acoustic scattering and the spectrum of atmospheric turbulence SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-LAYER TURBULENCE; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SOUND-PROPAGATION; VELOCITY SPECTRA; MODEL; INHOMOGENEITIES AB Some issues regarding atmospheric turbulence modeling and its role in acoustic scattering calculations are discussed. Discrepancies between turbulence spectral models appearing in the acoustical and in the atmospheric sciences literature are noted, and it is argued that these discrepancies can be understood by recognizing that the acoustic wavelength and scattering geometry combine to act as an "acoustic filter" which selects a specific part of the turbulence spectrum. A particular model spectrum can yield satisfactory acoustic scattering predictions if it fits the actual spectrum well at the acoustically filtered turbulence scales, even if the model is a poor overall representation of the turbulence spectrum. Proper interpretation of length scales determined by fitting two-point correlation functions, and the importance of averaging times in estimating variances, are also discussed in relation to the action of the acoustic filter. (C) 1999 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(98)03512-7]. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRLISEE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. Penn State Univ, Grad Program Acoust, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRLISEE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 34 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 105 IS 1 BP 30 EP 34 DI 10.1121/1.424594 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 153JZ UT WOS:000077831100001 ER PT J AU Ray, C Jain, RK Donahue, BA Smith, ED AF Ray, C Jain, RK Donahue, BA Smith, ED TI Hazardous waste minimization through life cycle cost analysis at federal facilities SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB In response to the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments, many federal facilities are carefully examining hazardous waste minimization issues. A hazardous waste minimization assessment was conducted recently at five military installations. Sources and types of waste somewhat varied among the installations. Major waste sources included motor pools and vehicle maintenance facilities; industrial maintenance and small arms shops; aviation maintenance facilities; paint shops; photography, arts and crafts shops; and hospitals, clinics, and laboratories. Typical waste streams included used engine oil, cleaning and degreasing solvents, paint thinners, antifreeze and coolants, batteries, inks, and pathological wastes. Source reduction, recycling, and treatment were considered as the three major modes of waste minimization. Through lifecycle cost analysis, feasible modes of waste minimization are presented. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Civil Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Engn, Cincinnati, OH USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Labs, Troop Installat Div, Corps Engineers, Champaign, IL USA. RP Ray, C (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Civil Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 49 IS 1 BP 17 EP 27 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 153KF UT WOS:000077831700002 PM 28060603 ER PT J AU Tischler, MB AF Tischler, MB TI Identification of bearingless main rotor dynamic characteristics from frequency-response wind-tunnel test data SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM-IDENTIFICATION; FLIGHT; DESIGN AB The control response dynamics of the Sikorsky Bearingless Main Rotor (SBMR) were determined from frequency-response test data in the NASA 40x80 foot wind tunnel, The CIFER(R) (Comprehensive Identification from FrEquency Responses) tool was used to extract the rotor's physical characteristics based on a linearized 9 degree-of-freedom analytical formulation of the SBMR dynamics. The paper reviews identification methods and results for two flight conditions (40 kts,mu = 0.093; and 100 kts, mu = 0.233), with particular emphasis placed on off-axis modeling. The identified model responses track the wind tunnel data closely, and the extracted physical parameters show excellent consistency across the flight conditions. There is also very good agreement between the identified parameters and the key GenHel simulation parameters. An empirical modeling parameter "aerodynamic phase lag" (psi(a),) is included in the identification structure that corrects the SBMR off-axis dynamic response modeling discrepancies for the wind tunnel case, and is applicable to free-flight modeling. The results indicate that the primary physical sources for the total aerodynamic phase lag are dynamic wake distortion and 2-D compressible unsteady aerodynamics, There is good agreement with theoretical predictions of these effects. A proposed modification to the 3-state dynamic inflow equations provides an alternate explicit correction for the wake distortion effect that is based on theoretical analyses. The SBMR results support the validity of rotor models based on: effective hinge-offset, dynamic flow, and the aerodynamic phase lag correction to simulate the flight mechanics responses of bearingless main rotor helicopters. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Army NASA Rotocraft Div, Aeroflightdynam Directorate,AVRDEC, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Tischler, MB (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Army NASA Rotocraft Div, Aeroflightdynam Directorate,AVRDEC, Moffett Field, CA USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 44 IS 1 BP 63 EP 76 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 165ZU UT WOS:000078552400008 ER PT J AU Garshnek, V Burkle, FM AF Garshnek, V Burkle, FM TI Applications of telemedicine and telecommunications to disaster medicine: Historical and future perspectives SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; TECHNOLOGY; TRAVELERS AB Disaster management utilizes diverse technologies to accomplish a complex set of tasks. Despite a decade of experience, few published reports have reviewed application of telemedicine (clinical care at a distance enabled by telecommunication) in disaster situations. Appropriate new telemedicine applications can improve future disaster medicine outcomes, based on lessons learned from a decade of civilian and military disaster (wide;area) telemedicine deployments. This manuscript reviews the history of telemedicine activities in actual disasters and similar scenarios as well as ongoing telemedicine innovations that may be applicable to disaster situations. Emergency care providers must begin to plan effectively to utilize disaster-specific telemedicine applications to improve future outcomes. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pacific Reg Program Off, Tripler AMC, HI 96859 USA. RP Garshnek, V (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pacific Reg Program Off, 1 Jarrett White Rd,MCPA-PO, Tripler AMC, HI 96859 USA. NR 59 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 6 IS 1 BP 26 EP 37 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA 157GT UT WOS:000078053700003 PM 9925226 ER PT J AU Denti, P Borghese, F Saija, R Fucile, E Sindoni, OI AF Denti, P Borghese, F Saija, R Fucile, E Sindoni, OI TI Optical properties of aggregated spheres in the vicinity of a plane surface SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID EXACT-IMAGE THEORY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; PARTICLE CONTAMINATION; REFLECTING SURFACE; SUBSTRATE; INTERFACE; FORMULATION; SINGLE AB Our previous theory for calculating the scattering pattern from single spheres in the vicinity of a dielectric substrate [J. Opt. Sec. Am. A 14, 1505 (1997)] is extended to the case of aggregated spheres. This extension preserves our main result that a nonvanishing field, though somewhat attenuated when the substrate is absorptive, can propagate along the interface; this feature is apparent in the patterns from all the aggregates that we considered. The effects that can be expected when scattering particles on the dielectric surface either aggregate or undergo some kind of subdivision are investigated by comparing the pattern from a sphere containing a chosen volume V of a given refractive material with the pattern from the aggregate of two such spheres and with the pattern from two aggregated spheres of the same material, each of volume V/2. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(99)01601-4]. C1 Univ Messina, Dipartimento Fis Mat & Tecnol Fis Avanzate, I-98166 Messina, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Sez Messina, I-98166 Messina, Italy. Ctr Sicilaiano Ric Atmosfer & Fis Ambiente, I-98166 Messina, Italy. USA, Ctr Chem Res Dev & Engn, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Denti, P (reprint author), Univ Messina, Dipartimento Fis Mat & Tecnol Fis Avanzate, Salita Sperone 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 16 IS 1 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.16.000167 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 153MX UT WOS:000077837800017 ER PT J AU Tzeng, JT AF Tzeng, JT TI Viscoelastic response of composite overwrapped cylinders SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB Creep and stress relaxation behavior of composite overwrapped cylinders are investigated based on anisotropic viscoelasticity. The analysis accounts for ply-by-ply variations of material properties, ply orientations, and temperature gradients through the thickness of cylinders. Fiber-reinforced composite materials generally illustrate extreme anisotropy in viscoelastic behavior. The viscoelasticity exists mainly in matrix-dominant properties such as transverse and sheer, while the fiber-dominant properties behave more like elastic media. The study of thermal and mechanical stress relaxation in an overwrapped composite cylinder shows that the viscoelastic characteristics of composite cylinders are quite different from those of isotropic cylinders. Poisson effects from the creep behavior in the transverse properties of the composite can result in a drastic change of stress and strain state of the cylinder. C1 USA, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Tzeng, JT (reprint author), USA, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 0892-7057 J9 J THERMOPLAST COMPOS JI J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 12 IS 1 BP 55 EP 69 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 160HH UT WOS:000078224100006 ER PT J AU Cowan, FM AF Cowan, FM TI Further comments on plagiarism SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Cowan, FM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3829 J9 J TOXICOL-CUTAN OCUL JI J. Toxicol.-Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 1999 VL 18 IS 4 BP 283 EP 285 PG 3 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA 249AU UT WOS:000083310400002 ER PT J AU Petrali, JP Mills, KR AF Petrali, JP Mills, KR TI Microwave-assisted immunoelectron microscopy of skin: Localization of laminin, type IV collagen, and bullous pemphigoid antigen SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IRRADIATION AB Chemical fixatives and conventional fixation times used for standardized preservation of tissues can result in serious alterations in morphology as a consequence of solubilization and conformational changes of proteins and lipids. These untoward changes typically result in compromised antigenicity of many tissue proteins. With the advent of microwave energy (MWE) processing, tissue antigens can be distinctly better preserved, antigen retrieval made more replicate, and histochemical and immunochemical reactions made ultrafast. The present study had two objectives: to compare MWE-processed skin with skin conventionally processed for ultrastructural integrity and to evaluate MWE presentation of antigenicities of selected Skin proteins that are usually sensitive to conventional chemical processing. Skin proteins selected were bullous pemphigoid antigen (BPA), laminin and type IV collagen. Biopsied skin from haired guinea pigs was MWE-processed for routine peroxidase immunocytochemistry according to a working protocol. Results indicared that 40 s MWE-processed skin, when compared to conventional processing, presented acceptable ultrastructure and precise immunolocalizations of the subject proteins. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Comparat Pathol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Comparat Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Petrali, JP (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Comparat Pathol Branch, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3829 J9 J TOXICOL-CUTAN OCUL JI J. Toxicol.-Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 1999 VL 18 IS 4 BP 341 EP 348 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA 249AU UT WOS:000083310400007 ER PT J AU Lebeda, FJ Singh, BR AF Lebeda, FJ Singh, BR TI Membrane channel activity and translocation of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE protein-membrane interactions; protein structure; oligomerization; diphtheria toxin; anthrax protective antigen; Staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin ID PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYER MEMBRANES; PLANAR LIPID BILAYERS; DIPHTHERIA-TOXIN; CLOSTRIDIAL NEUROTOXINS; HEAVY-CHAIN; FORMS CHANNELS; LIGHT-CHAIN; INTERCHAIN DISULFIDE; MODEL MEMBRANES; ANTHRAX TOXIN AB This review centers on the structure and function of ionic channels formed by clostridial neurotoxins. Questions regarding their structure, the pathways for their formation, and their role in translocating the toxic moiety across an endocytotic membrane are discussed. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Cell Biol & Biochem, Toxinol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. RP Singh, BR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Cell Biol & Biochem, Toxinol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 124 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3837 J9 J TOXICOL-TOXIN REV JI J. Toxicol.-Toxin Rev. PY 1999 VL 18 IS 1 BP 45 EP 76 PG 32 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 173HM UT WOS:000078975100005 ER PT J AU Grogan, WP Tingle, JS AF Grogan, WP Tingle, JS TI Evaluation of unsurfaced airfield criteria for operation of C-17 aircraft SO JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB To determine the impact of C-17 aircraft on unsurfaced airfields, the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station was asked to construct full-scale pavement section items and traffic them to failure with a fully loaded C-17 aircraft main gear assembly (six wheels). The extrapolation of existing criteria used on two and four wheel aircraft gear studies was suspect, particularly when considering the configuration of the C-17 aircraft main gear. Three strengths of surfacing material (6, 9, and 12 California Bearing Ratio) were used to evaluate the current criteria. The results of full-scale pavement trafficking indicate that current criteria should be considered appropriate for use as a tool in designing/evaluating the expected performance of unsurfaced airfields for operations of C-17 aircraft. It should be noted that surface shearing occurred in the landing/braking zone on unsurfaced airfields during flight tests in 1997. The criteria addressed in this paper does not consider the rutting caused by braking shear. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Airfields & Pavements Div, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Grogan, WP (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Airfields & Pavements Div, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-947X J9 J TRANSP ENG-ASCE JI J. Transp. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 125 IS 1 BP 67 EP 74 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(1999)125:1(67) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 147GU UT WOS:000077481400010 ER PT J AU Tingle, JS Grogan, WP AF Tingle, JS Grogan, WP TI Behavior of unsurfaced airfields supporting operations of C-17 aircraft SO JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB The C-17 Globemaster III aircraft was developed by McDonnell Douglas (now Boeing) with the capability of transporting equipment and cargo to small airfields with short runways and minimal ground support equipment. The introduction of the C-17 into the U.S. Air Force's inventory initiated the requirement to validate existing semiprepared (unsurfaced, aggregate-surfaced, and stabilized) airfield design and evaluation criteria for the operation of the C-17 aircraft. The U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station was requested by the U.S. Air Force to characterize the structural capacity of selected semiprepared test sites and document each airfield's behavior under actual C-17 aircraft operations. The results of three live-flight tests indicate that the current U.S. Army Corps of Engineers unsurfaced airfield criteria does not adequately predict the behavior of unsurfaced airfields in arid or semiarid climates subjected to the braking and turning forces of a 226,800-kg (500,000-lb) aircraft. This investigation presents the results of the field tests and includes a regression model that can be used to predict the behavior of unsurfaced airfields in semiarid/arid environments under C-17 aircraft traffic. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Airfields & Pavements Div, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Tingle, JS (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Airfields & Pavements Div, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-947X J9 J TRANSP ENG-ASCE JI J. Transp. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 125 IS 1 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(1999)125:1(75) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 147GU UT WOS:000077481400011 ER PT J AU Holcomb, JB Pusateri, AE Harris, RA Charles, NC Gomez, RR Cole, JP Beall, LD Bayer, V MacPhee, MJ Hess, JR AF Holcomb, JB Pusateri, AE Harris, RA Charles, NC Gomez, RR Cole, JP Beall, LD Bayer, V MacPhee, MJ Hess, JR TI Effect of dry fibrin sealant dressings versus gauze packing on blood loss in grade V liver injuries in resuscitated swine SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma/Trauma-Association-of-Can ada CY SEP 24-26, 1998 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Amer Assoc Surg Trauma, Trauma Assoc Canada DE hemorrhage; trauma; liver; hemostasis; fibrin sealant; dressing; gauze packing ID HEPATIC INJURIES; PERIHEPATIC PACKING; HEMOSTATIC AGENT; DAMAGE CONTROL; TRAUMA; HEMORRHAGE; SURGERY; MESH; GLUE; MANAGEMENT AB Background: We conducted this study to determine whether the dry fibrin sealant dressing (DFSD) would stop bleeding from a grade V liver injury and to evaluate the effects of leaving the absorbable DFSD in survival animals. Methods: Twenty-four swine (40 +/- 3.0 kg) received a uniform grade V liver injury and were randomized to one of four 1-hour treatment groups: (1) gauze packing, (2) DFSD, (3) immunoglobulin G placebo dressing, and (4) no treatment. All animals were resuscitated with lactated Ringer's solution. Total blood loss (TBL), mean arterial pressure, resuscitation volume, and laboratory data were monitored for I hour after injury. Four swine were treated with the DFSD after grade V injury and allowed to survive for 7 or 14 days. Results: The TBL was 1,104 +/- 264 mL (mean +/- SEM), 544 +/- 104 mL, 4,223 +/- 1,555 mL, and 6,026 +/- 1,020 mL for groups 1,2, 3, and 4 respectively. TBL in DFSD animals was less than that in animals treated with gauze packing (p = 0.06). Grade V injuries were uniform among the I-hour groups, and no evidence of intrahepatic abscess, unusual adhesions, or hepatic vein, vena caval, or pulmonary thromboses were noted in the long-term survival animals. Conclusion: In this model of grade V liver injury, blood loss with the DFSD was 51% of that observed with standard gauze packing (not statistically different). Initial survival data revealed no complications attributable to the fibrin dressing. DFSD may provide simple, rapid, and definitive hemorrhage control in life-threatening liver injuries without the need for reoperation. C1 William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Serv, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Amer Red Cross, Plasma Derivat Lab, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Holcomb, JB (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 40 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JAN PY 1999 VL 46 IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1097/00005373-199901000-00009 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 160DE UT WOS:000078214400012 PM 9932683 ER PT J AU Vincent, CL Briggs, MJ AF Vincent, CL Briggs, MJ TI Distribution of extreme waves behind a shoal SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION AB In 1989 Vincent and Briggs found that irregular waves with directional spread typical of natural wave systems were not as strongly focused behind a shoal as would be predicted from use of monochromatic waves. These conclusions were based on an analysis of significant wave height alone. Reexamination of the data in terms of H-max and H-1/100 indicated that the largest waves behind the shoal were close to those predicted from the Rayleigh distribution based on the observed significant height. C1 USA, Coast & Hydr Lab, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Vincent, CL (reprint author), USA, Coast & Hydr Lab, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 125 IS 1 BP 54 EP 56 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1999)125:1(54) PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 146PC UT WOS:000077438700007 ER PT J AU Walton, TL AF Walton, TL TI Predicting Caspian Sea surface water level by ANN and ARIMA models - Discussion SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Coast & Hydr Lab, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Walton, TL (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Coast & Hydr Lab, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 125 IS 1 BP 58 EP 58 PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 146PC UT WOS:000077438700008 ER PT J AU Delaney, DK Grubb, TG Beier, P Pater, LL Reiser, MH AF Delaney, DK Grubb, TG Beier, P Pater, LL Reiser, MH TI Effects of helicopter noise on Mexican spotted owls SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE chain saws; disturbance; flush response; helicopters; Mexican spotted owls; noise; response thresholds; sound measurements; Strix occidentalis lucida ID BREEDING BALD EAGLES; RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR; AIRCRAFT AB Military helicopter training over the Lincoln National Forest (LNF) in southcentral New Mexico has been severely limited to protect nesting Mexican spotted owls (Strix occidentalis lucida). To evaluate nesting and nonnesting spotted owl responses to helicopter noise, we measured flush frequency, flush distance, alert behavior, response duration, prey delivery rates, female trips from the nest, and nest attentiveness during manipulated and nonmanipulated periods, 1995-96. Chain saws were included in our manipulations to increase experimental options and to facilitate comparative results. We analyzed stimulus events by measuring noise levels as unweighted one-third-octave band levels, applying frequency weighting to the resultant spectra, and calculating the sound exposure level for total sound energy (SEL) and the 0.5-sec equivalent maximum energy level (LEQ(max 0.5-sec)) for helicopters, and the 10-sec equivalent average energy level (LEQ(avg. 10-sec)) for chain saws. An owl-weighting (dBO) curve was estimated to emphasize the middle frequency range where strigiform owls have the highest hearing sensitivity. Manipulated and nonmanipulated nest sites did not differ in reproductive success (P = 0.59) or the number of young fledged (P = 0.12). As stimulus distance decreased, spotted owl flush frequency increased, regardless of stimulus type or season. We recorded no spotted owl flushes when noise stimuli were >105 m away. Spotted owls returned to predisturbance behavior within 10-15 min after a stimulus event. All adult flushes during the nesting season occurred after juveniles had left the nest. Spotted owl flush rates in response to helicopters did not differ between nonnesting (13.3%) and nesting seasons (13.6%; P = 0.34). Spotted owls did not flush when the SEL noise level for helicopters was less than or equal to 102 dBO (92 dBA) and the LEQ level for chain saws was less than or equal to 59 dBO (46 dBA). Chain saws were more disturbing to spotted owls than helicopter flights at comparable distances. Our data indicate a 105-m buffer zone for helicopter overflights on the LNF would minimize spotted owl flush response and any potential effects on nesting activity. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Labs, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. 49th Civil Engineer Squadron Environm Flight, Holloman AFB, NM 88330 USA. RP Delaney, DK (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Labs, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RI Beier, Paul/K-9294-2013 OI Beier, Paul/0000-0002-4297-4343 NR 43 TC 64 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 37 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 60 EP 76 DI 10.2307/3802487 PG 17 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 159WY UT WOS:000078199400006 ER PT J AU Sheng, M Burke, A Kolodgie, FD Wilson, P Gillespie, D O'Leary, T Virmani, R AF Sheng, M Burke, A Kolodgie, FD Wilson, P Gillespie, D O'Leary, T Virmani, R TI Absence of C-pneumoniae DNA in advanced atherosclerotic plaques SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Inst Pathol, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 79 IS 1 MA 205 BP 38A EP 38A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 162YZ UT WOS:000078376600213 ER PT J AU Askew, AW Zahn, CM Hall, KL AF Askew, AW Zahn, CM Hall, KL TI The significance of hyperkeratosis (HK) parakeratosis (PK) on otherwise normal Papanicolaou smears. SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 79 IS 1 MA 216 BP 40A EP 40A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 162YZ UT WOS:000078376600224 ER PT J AU Briscoe, D Adair, C Thompson, L Tellado, M Rosenthal, D O'Leary, T AF Briscoe, D Adair, C Thompson, L Tellado, M Rosenthal, D O'Leary, T TI Telecytologic diagnosis of breast fine needle aspiration biopsies: Intraobserver concordance SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 79 IS 1 MA 223 BP 41A EP 41A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 162YZ UT WOS:000078376600231 ER PT J AU Emory, TS Sobin, LH McQueen, C Oplinger, MJ Baqar, S Tribble, DR AF Emory, TS Sobin, LH McQueen, C Oplinger, MJ Baqar, S Tribble, DR TI The pathology of Campylobacter jejuni infection in humans SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Med Res Inst Infect Dis,Naval Med Res Inst, Washington, DC 20306 USA. USA, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Med Res Inst Infect Dis,Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 79 IS 1 MA 424 BP 74A EP 74A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 162YZ UT WOS:000078376600432 ER PT J AU Vollmer, RT Kantoff, PW Dawson, NA Vogelzang, NJ AF Vollmer, RT Kantoff, PW Dawson, NA Vogelzang, NJ TI The relative velocity of serum PSA predicts prognosis in hormone refractory prostate cancer. SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. VA Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 79 IS 1 MA 631 BP 109A EP 109A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 162YZ UT WOS:000078376600643 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Sesterhenn, IA Connelly, RR Mooneyhan, RM Moul, JW AF Zhang, W Sesterhenn, IA Connelly, RR Mooneyhan, RM Moul, JW TI Prostatitis in whole-mounted radical prostatectomy specimens from black and white patients: Is this an etiology of racial difference in PSA? SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 79 IS 1 MA 640 BP 110A EP 110A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 162YZ UT WOS:000078376600652 ER PT J AU Kaplan, KJ Katz, DE Holtzmuller, KC Sjogren, MH Goodman, ZD AF Kaplan, KJ Katz, DE Holtzmuller, KC Sjogren, MH Goodman, ZD TI Progression of disease in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 79 IS 1 MA 960 BP 164A EP 164A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 162YZ UT WOS:000078376600972 ER PT J AU Centeno, JA Mullick, FG Jackson, LW Dennis, GJ AF Centeno, JA Mullick, FG Jackson, LW Dennis, GJ TI Clinical evaluation of blood silicon levels in patients with silicone breast implants SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 79 IS 1 MA 1116 BP 190A EP 190A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 162YZ UT WOS:000078376601128 ER PT S AU Fox, J Ahl, J D'Amico, F Vanderbeek, R Moon, R Swim, C AF Fox, J Ahl, J D'Amico, F Vanderbeek, R Moon, R Swim, C BE Kamerman, GW Werner, C TI Detection of chemical agent aerosols SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications IV CY JUN 16, 1999 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, European Opt Soc, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Sci Res & Dev, Wissenschaftl Gesell Lasertech e V DE standoff detection; LIDAR AB One of the major threats presented by a chemical agent attack is that of a munition exploding overhead and "raining" aerosols which can contaminate surfaces when they impact. Since contact with these surfaces can be fatal, it is imperative to know when such an attack has taken place and the likely threat density and location. We present the results of an experiment designed to show the utility of a CO2 lidar in detecting such an attack. Testing occurred at Dugway Proving Grounds, Utah and involved the simulation of an explosive airburst chemical attack. Explosions occurred at a height of 30 m and liquid droplets from two chemicals, PEG-200 (polyethylene glycol 200) and TEP (triethylphosphate), were expelled and fell to the ground. The munition was the US Army M9 Simulator, Projectile, Airburst, Liquid (SPAL) system that is designed for chemical warfare training exercises. The instrument that was used to detect the presence of the aerosols was the Laser Standoff Chemical Detector (LSCD) which is a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system that utilizes a rapidly tunable, pulsed CO2 laser. The LIDAR scanned a horizontal path approximately 5-8 m above the ground in order to measure the concentration of liquid deposition. The LIDAR data were later correlated with card data to determine how well the system could predict the location and quantity of liquid deposition on the ground. C1 USA, Night Vis & Electr Sensors Directorate, AMSEL,RD,NV,ST,AL, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Fox, J (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Electr Sensors Directorate, AMSEL,RD,NV,ST,AL, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3181-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3707 BP 148 EP 155 DI 10.1117/12.351339 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN20D UT WOS:000081059300014 ER PT S AU Hutchinson, JA Trussell, CW Allik, TH Hamlin, SJ McCarthy, JC Bowers, MS Jack, M AF Hutchinson, JA Trussell, CW Allik, TH Hamlin, SJ McCarthy, JC Bowers, MS Jack, M BE Kamerman, GW Werner, C TI Multifunction laser radar SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications IV CY JUN 16, 1999 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, European Opt Soc, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Sci Res & Dev, Wissenschaftl Gesell Lasertech e V DE laser radar; eyesafe; obstacle avoidance; wire detection; linear photodiode array ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR AB Laser radar systems are required for various military applications including obstacle detection, target recognition, and terrain mapping. Each application requires different system parameters such as pulse energy, repetition rate, and field of view. This paper presents a review of a multifunction laser radar system under construction for the Cooperative Eyesafe Laser Radar Program (CELRAP) of the U.S. Army CECOM Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate. C1 USA, NVESD, AMSEL, RD,ST,LT, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Hutchinson, JA (reprint author), USA, NVESD, AMSEL, RD,ST,LT, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3181-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3707 BP 222 EP 233 DI 10.1117/12.351347 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN20D UT WOS:000081059300022 ER PT S AU Stann, B Giza, M Robinson, D Ruff, W Sarama, S Simon, D Sztankay, Z AF Stann, B Giza, M Robinson, D Ruff, W Sarama, S Simon, D Sztankay, Z BE Kamerman, GW Werner, C TI A scannerless imaging ladar using a laser diode illuminator and FM cw radar principles SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications IV CY JUN 16, 1999 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, European Opt Soc, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Sci Res & Dev, Wissenschaftl Gesell Lasertech e V DE laser radar; ladar; active electro-optic imaging AB We describe the research and development of a scannerless three-dimensional (3-D) imaging laser radar (ladar) performed at the Army Research Laboratory for reconnaissance applications. Range information is obtained by a frequency modulation/continuous wave (FM/cw) radar technique implemented by amplitude modulation of a near-IR diode laser with an rf subcarrier that is linearly frequency modulated. The diode's output is projected to floodlight the downrange image area. The returned signal is focused onto the cathode of an image intensifier tube (IIT) where it is mixed with a delayed replica of the laser modulation applied to the cathode bias to modulate the tube gain. The output image of the IIT is modulated at an intermediate frequency (DF) that is sampled in time by a conventional charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. Image frames over one period of the frequency modulation are collected and stored A discrete Fourier transform is calculated over the IF waveform to establish the ranges to all scatterers in a pixel. This processing scheme yields a scannerless ladar possessing high range resolution with no range ambiguities. We constructed a breadboard version of this ladar and used it to collect 256 x 256 pixel images of targets at 1-km ranges with 0.375-m range resolution. We present imagery collected during field experiments and discuss the direction of future research to enhance the ladar's performance. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Stann, B (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 2 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3181-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3707 BP 421 EP 431 DI 10.1117/12.351363 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN20D UT WOS:000081059300040 ER PT J AU Barton, JK Hammer, DX Pfefer, TJ Lund, DJ Stuck, BE Welch, AJ AF Barton, JK Hammer, DX Pfefer, TJ Lund, DJ Stuck, BE Welch, AJ TI Simultaneous irradiation and imaging of blood vessels during pulsed laser delivery SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE confocal microscopy; pulsed dye laser; finite difference model; Monte Carlo model; port wine stains ID PORT-WINE STAINS; DIAMETER; MODEL; SKIN AB Background and Objective: Simultaneous irradiation and viewing of 10-120 mu m cutaneous blood vessels were performed to investigate the effects of 2-mu s 577-nm dye laser pulses. Study Design/Materials and Methods: A modified scanning laser confocal microscope recorded vessel response to different radiant exposures (J/cm(2)). Probit analysis determined the 50% probability ("threshold") radiant exposure necessary to cause embolized or partly occluding coagula, coagula causing complete blood flow stoppage, and hemorrhage. Results: A statistically significant difference in the threshold radiant exposure existed for each damage category for blood vessels 10-30 mu m in diameter, but not for larger vessels. For vessels over 60 mu m, complete flow stoppage was unattainable; increasing laser pulse energy produced hemorrhage. In larger vessels, coagula often were attached to the superficial vessel wall while blood flowed underneath. Monte Carlo optical and finite difference thermal modeling confirmed experimental results. Conclusion: These results provide insight into the role of pulse duration and vessel diameter in the outcome of pulsed dye laser irradiation. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Arizona, Biomed Engn Program, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Texas, Biomed Engn Program, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Barton, JK (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Biomed Engn Program, ECE Bldg 104, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Pfefer, Josh/I-9055-2012 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 1999 VL 24 IS 3 BP 236 EP 243 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9101(1999)24:3<236::AID-LSM9>3.0.CO;2-I PG 8 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 184FX UT WOS:000079600900009 PM 10229155 ER PT J AU Navid, F Mosijczuk, AD Head, DR Borowitz, MJ Carroll, AJ Brandt, JM Link, MP Rozans, MK Thomas, GA Schwenn, MR Shields, DJ Vietti, TJ Pullen, DJ AF Navid, F Mosijczuk, AD Head, DR Borowitz, MJ Carroll, AJ Brandt, JM Link, MP Rozans, MK Thomas, GA Schwenn, MR Shields, DJ Vietti, TJ Pullen, DJ TI Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the (8;14)(q24;q32) translocation and FAB L3 morphology associated with a E-precursor immunophenotype: the Pediatric Oncology Group experience SO LEUKEMIA LA English DT Article DE B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; t(8;14); B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia ID B-CELL LEUKEMIA; CHROMOSOME; CHILDHOOD; LYMPHOMA; INVOLVEMENT; SURVIVAL; CHILDREN; MARKERS AB Five pediatric patients are described with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who at presentation had clinical findings suggestive of B cell ALL and lymphoblasts with FAB L3 morphology and the characteristic t(8;14)(q24;q32). However, the leukemia cells of all five patients failed to express surface immunoglobulin (slg) and kappa or lambda light chains. Based on initial immunophenotyping results consistent with B-precursor ALL, four of these cases were initially treated with conventional ALL chemotherapy. These four patients were switched to B cell ALL treatment protocols once cytogenetic results became available revealing the 8;14 translocation. The fifth case was treated with B cell ALL therapy from the outset. Four of the five patients are in complete remission at 64, 36, 29 and 13 months from diagnosis. One patient relapsed and died 6 months after initial presentation. These five unusual cases with clinical B cell ALL, the t(8;14), and FAB L3 morphology, but negative sig, demonstrate the importance of careful and multidisciplinary evaluation of leukemic cells with morphology, cytochemistry, immunophenotyping and cytogenetic analysis. Future identification of patients with this profile will allow us to expand our knowledge regarding prognostic significance and optimal treatment for this rare subgroup of patients. C1 NCI, Pediat Oncol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pediat Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Pathol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Alabama, Med Genet Lab, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Washington Univ, Med Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Tulane Hosp Children, New Orleans, LA USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Worcester, MA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Hematol Oncol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. RP Navid, F (reprint author), NCI, Pediat Oncol Branch, 10 Ctr Dr,Bldg 10,Rm 13N240, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-69177, CA-03161, CA-29691] NR 13 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0887-6924 J9 LEUKEMIA JI Leukemia PD JAN PY 1999 VL 13 IS 1 BP 135 EP 141 DI 10.1038/sj.leu.2401244 PG 7 WC Oncology; Hematology SC Oncology; Hematology GA 160ZF UT WOS:000078262700022 PM 10049049 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI A guide to the Indian wars of the West. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 124 IS 1 BP 122 EP 122 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 158EM UT WOS:000078103100225 ER PT J AU Ebert, TA Dixon, JD Schroeter, SC Kalvass, PE Richmond, NT Bradbury, WA Woodby, DA AF Ebert, TA Dixon, JD Schroeter, SC Kalvass, PE Richmond, NT Bradbury, WA Woodby, DA TI Growth and mortality of red sea urchins Strongylocentrotus franciscanus across a latitudinal gradient SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE latitudinal cline; Tanaka growth model; log-linear model; survival; sea urchin; Strongylocentrotus franciscanus; tetracycline ID SAN-NICOLAS-ISLAND; LIFE-HISTORY; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; PURPURATUS STIMPSON; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ECHINUS-ESCULENTUS; DIADEMA-ANTILLARUM; ARISTOTLE LANTERN; MASS MORTALITY; RELATIVE SIZE AB Growth and survival of the red sea urchin Strongylocentrotus franciscanus were studied at 18 sites from southern California to Alaska, USA. Growth was determined using tetracycline tagging and was modeled using the Tanaka growth equation. Survival rates were estimated using size-frequency distributions and growth parameters. Using log-linear analysis, it was determined that growth transitions differed among sites (p much less than 0.001) but there was no north-south difference (p > 0.80). Parameters for the Tanaka growth function were estimated for all data combined (N = 2714). Residuals for sites showed no latitudinal trend and so results were consistent with the log-linear analysis. Relative jaw (demi-pyramid) size, measured as the allometric exponent beta in jaw length as a function of test diameter, has been shown to be responsive to available food. For red sea urchins, beta was negatively correlated with growth but there was no correlation of relative jaw size with latitude, which suggests that latitudinal differences in food availability do not exist. In contrast with annual growth rates, annual survival rates were correlated with latitude and were higher in the north. Mean annual survival probability was 0.93 yr(-1) from northern California to Alaska and 0.77 yr(-1) in southern California. Likely causes for changes in survival rate with latitude are disease and temperature-related stress. This paper provides the basis for development of hypotheses for size and survival differences between northern and southern populations of red sea urchins and, potentially, for other marine species with planktonic larvae. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. Oregon Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Charleston, OR 97420 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Brinnon, WA 98320 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Douglas, AR 99824 USA. RP Ebert, TA (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM tebert@sunstroke.sdsu.edu NR 95 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 27 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 1999 VL 190 BP 189 EP 209 DI 10.3354/meps190189 PG 21 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 270TU UT WOS:000084553000015 ER PT S AU Alexander, AM Haskins, RW AF Alexander, AM Haskins, RW BE Brisch, JH Nelson, RL Francis, HL TI New NDE technologies for evaluating reinforced concrete masonry SO MASONRY: MATERIALS, TESTING, AND APPLICATIONS SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Masonry: Materials, Testing, and Applications CY DEC 08, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Amer Soc Testing Mat, Comm Lime C7, Amer Soc Testing Mat, Comm Cement C1, Amer Soc Testing Mat, Comm Mortars & Grouts Unit Masonry C12, Amer Soc Testing Mat, Comm Manufactured Masonry Units C15 DE reinforced concrete masonry; nondestructive testing; steel detection; grout detection AB Researchers at the Waterways' Experiment Station (WES) have demonstrated that two new nondestructive evaluation technologies show promise in making a more accurate diagnosis of the structural condition of concrete masonry walls than prior technologies. Traditionally, sounding with a hammer has been used to determine the presence and quality of the grout fill around the reinforcing bars in concrete masonry units (CMU's). First, WES has developed a new grout detection system, which senses the reverberating energy in the CMU's with a microphone. This energy is introduced into the CMU by using a pistol to fire a metal BE against the face of the block. A microphone and spectrum analyzer replaces the function of the human ear to distinguish different pitches of sound through sounding. Since a technician is more likely to get consistent results with the new system, it is not as subjective as sounding. Next, WES has evaluated the new digital steel detectors. A reinforced concrete masonry structure can contain many combinations of steel: vertical bars, horizontal bars, size of bar, number of bars, splices, etc. Digital steel detectors with microprocessors have the potential to provide much more information than traditional analog types. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Alexander, AM (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2600-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1356 BP 148 EP 161 DI 10.1520/STP14208S PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BP01Y UT WOS:000083852400012 ER PT B AU Howdyshell, P Trovillion, JC Wetterich, JL AF Howdyshell, P Trovillion, JC Wetterich, JL BE Bank, LC TI Low cycle fatigue of structural materials SO MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION: EXPLORING THE CONNECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th ASCE Materials Engineering Congress (MatCong5) CY MAY 10-12, 1999 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers AB This paper presents the results of a recent test series assessing the strength and ductility of A36 steel with respect to constraint and low-cycle fatigue. The objective of the tests were to better understand the strength, ductility, and fatigue life of steels when they are strained beyond yield with varying degrees of constraint. The post-yield strength and ductility of steel is a key factor in the seismic design of steel building structures. The non-ductile behavior of several steel frame structures during the 1994 Northridge earthquake has raised renewed concerns about the fatigue and ductility limits of structural steels. The experiments presented in this paper include the difference between elastic and plastic values for Poisson's ratio, and the effect that constraint has on yield strength, tensile strength, and ductility. Fully reversed Low-cycle fatigue (LCF) tests were conducted with strain amplitudes up to 7.5-percent. The constraint and LCF strain-life results are briefly reviewed relative to the seismic demands of the moment resistant beam-column connections. C1 USA Corps Engineers, Construct Engn Res Labs, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Howdyshell, P (reprint author), USA Corps Engineers, Construct Engn Res Labs, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0423-2 PY 1999 BP 140 EP 147 PG 2 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA BP25J UT WOS:000084506000019 ER PT B AU Freeman, R Alexander, D Grogan, B AF Freeman, R Alexander, D Grogan, B BE Bank, LC TI Estimating flexural strength for concrete pavements SO MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION: EXPLORING THE CONNECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th ASCE Materials Engineering Congress (MatCong5) CY MAY 10-12, 1999 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers AB Nondestructive seismic techniques can be used to estimate the flexural strength of concrete, but these techniques rely on relationships between stiffness and strength. This paper compares the precision of these flexural strength estimates with those obtained through correlations with splitting tensile strength. This study includes the construction of full-size slabs, resting by seismic techniques, and the removal of specimens from the slabs for destructive tests. The precision of estimates for mean flexural strength was found to be similar for the seismic and splitting tensile test methods when the analysis accounted for both the strength of regression and the number of replicate tests used to estimate the predictor variable. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Geotech Lab, Airfields & Pavements Div, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Freeman, R (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Geotech Lab, Airfields & Pavements Div, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0423-2 PY 1999 BP 608 EP 616 PG 3 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA BP25J UT WOS:000084506000079 ER PT B AU Freeman, R Johnson, D AF Freeman, R Johnson, D BE Bank, LC TI Crack sealing performance for flexible pavements SO MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION: EXPLORING THE CONNECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th ASCE Materials Engineering Congress (MatCong5) CY MAY 10-12, 1999 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers AB The Montana Department of Transportation (MDT) and Montana State University are working together to study the effectiveness of various cracking sealing techniques and crack sealing materials. Since 1995, crack sealing test sections have been incorporated into four different MDT maintenance:projects. Variables have included ten types of hot-pour asphalt-based materials and six sealing techniques. The monitoring program for the performance of sealed cracks has consisted primarily of annual visual inspections, with procedures similar to those used for the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) Experiment H-106. This paper compares the performance of various sealants and multiple routing/filling configurations. Comparisons involve both transverse and longitudinal cracks. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Geotech Lab, Airfields & Pavements Div, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Freeman, R (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Geotech Lab, Airfields & Pavements Div, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0423-2 PY 1999 BP 617 EP 624 PG 4 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA BP25J UT WOS:000084506000080 ER PT B AU Shoenberger, J AF Shoenberger, J BE Bank, LC TI Fuel-resistant sealers for military asphalt pavements SO MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION: EXPLORING THE CONNECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th ASCE Materials Engineering Congress (MatCong5) CY MAY 10-12, 1999 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers AB The military services have a great number of asphalt pavements that are subject to fuel spillage, including fueling, parking, and maintenance areas. Coal-tar emulsion sealer mixtures are commonly used to protect these asphalt pavements. Since the performance of the coal-tar sealers has been disappointing in many cases, investigations into improving the performance continue. Therefore, a field test section using various:mixtures was built and evaluated for about a year. The same materials and mixtures were evaluated in the laboratory. The field performance of the coal-tar emulsion varied greatly between two different manufacturers. The measurement of performance was the amount and size of cracks that occurred within each section. One emulsion experienced a much greater amount of cracking, when compared to the other emulsion. For both emulsions, higher amounts of aggregate provided improved field performance. With one emulsion, the addition of a polymer improved the field performance. Laboratory evaluations showed that increasing the amount of aggregate will make the mixture permeable and therefore not as fuel resistant. This evaluation also indicated that polymer additives provided decreased creep stiffness or increased sealer flexibility in both non-aged and aged mixture samples. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Shoenberger, J (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0423-2 PY 1999 BP 625 EP 632 PG 4 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA BP25J UT WOS:000084506000081 ER PT B AU Anderton, GL Shoenberger, J AF Anderton, GL Shoenberger, J BE Bank, LC TI Micro-surfacing for airfield asphalt pavements SO MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION: EXPLORING THE CONNECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th ASCE Materials Engineering Congress (MatCong5) CY MAY 10-12, 1999 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers AB The majority of distresses found on military airfield asphalt pavements are caused by environmental factors; therefore, surface treatments, such as micro-surfacing, can increase the useful life of asphalt pavements by sealing and protecting the surface. Micro-surfacing can be placed at thicker application rates than are possible with other surface treatments, such as slurry seals. This thicker application, along with the use of high-quality materials, provides an enhanced stability or structural capacity. This stability makes micro-surfacing suitable for areas exposed to high-pressure tire applications, such as airfield pavements. This paper discusses recent investigations into the use of micro-surfacing on airfield asphalt pavements. The design, construction, and the field performance of a micro-surfacing placed on a U.S. Air Force Base airfield pavement is also presented. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Anderton, GL (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0423-2 PY 1999 BP 641 EP 648 PG 4 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA BP25J UT WOS:000084506000083 ER PT J AU Kecskes, LJ AF Kecskes, LJ TI Hot explosive consolidation of Mo-Ti and W-Ti alloys SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB A novel hot explosive compaction (HEC) technique has been applied to molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W)-based titanium (Ti) alloys. The precursor powders of the alloy billet were surrounded by an exothermic mixture, which, when ignited, released a large amount of heat via a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction. Heat from the SHS reaction diffused into the precursor powder bed, causing the interior temperature to rise above 1,500 degrees C. When the powder bed became isothermal, it was consolidated to high density by pressure waves generated by the detonation of an explosive. The amount of explosive charge and the molar ratio of exothermic mixture to sample were adjusted to produce full-density Mo-Ti and W-Ti alloys. The billets were sectioned and examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and microhardness measurements. In context of the fabrication process the similarities and differences of the resultant product microstructures are discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RI Kecskes, Laszlo/F-6880-2014 OI Kecskes, Laszlo/0000-0002-1342-3729 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 1999 VL 14 IS 1 BP 123 EP 145 DI 10.1080/10426919908914809 PG 23 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 167LL UT WOS:000078634200009 ER PT S AU Zeto, R Rod, B Dubey, M Ervin, M Conrad, J Piekarz, R Trolier-McKinstry, S Su, T Shepard, J AF Zeto, R Rod, B Dubey, M Ervin, M Conrad, J Piekarz, R Trolier-McKinstry, S Su, T Shepard, J BE Heuer, AH Jacobs, SJ TI Dry etching of sol-gel PZT SO MATERIALS SCIENCE OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium AA on Materials Science of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Devices at the 1998 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-02, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID FABRICATION AB Two techniques for dry etching of sol-gel lead zirconate titanate (PZT 52/48) thin films were investigated: reactive ion etching and argon ion milling. Etched profiles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. For reactive ion etching, a parallel plate etcher was used with HC2ClF4, an environmentally safe etch gas, in a process described by other researchers. Etch rates were measured and compared as a function of electrode shield material (ardel, graphite, alumina) and RF input power (100 to 500 W). These etch rates varied from 10 to 100 nm/min. Reactive ion etched sidewall angles 12 degrees off normal were consistently produced over a wide range of RF powers and etch times, but overetching was required to produce a clean sidewall. For argon ion milling, a 300 mA/500 V beam 40 degrees off normal to the substrate operating in a 72 mPa argon pressure was used. These ion milling conditions produced an etch rate of 250 nm/min with a sidewall slope angle of about 70 degrees. The ion milling etch rate for sol-gel PZT was significantly faster than rates reported for bulk PZT. The 500 nm thick PZT films used in this study were prepared by the sol-gel process that used methoxyethanol solvent, spin coating on Pt/Ti/SiO2 silicon substrates, and rapid thermal annealing for 30 s at 650 degrees C for crystallization of the perovskite phase. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zeto, R (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-452-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 546 BP 159 EP 164 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BP16Q UT WOS:000084260700025 ER PT S AU Bauer, JJ Zeng, JC Weir, J Zhang, W Sesterhenn, IA Connelly, RR Moul, JW Mun, SK AF Bauer, JJ Zeng, JC Weir, J Zhang, W Sesterhenn, IA Connelly, RR Moul, JW Mun, SK BE Mun, SK Kim, Y TI Optimization of prostate biopsy SO MEDICAL IMAGING 1999: IMAGE DISPLAY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Display at Medical Imaging 1999 CY FEB 21-23, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Assoc Physicists Med, Amer Physiol Soc, FDA Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, NEMA, Diagnost Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Appl Radiol DE prostate cancer modeling; cancer distribution; 3-D computer visualization and simulation; interactive prostate needle biopsy simulation; biopsy protocol optimization ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; CORE BIOPSIES; CANCER; ANTIGEN; SEXTANT; VOLUME; CARCINOMA; MEN AB Urologists routinely use the systematic sextant needle biopsy technique to detect prostate cancer. However, recent evidence suggests that this technique has a significant sampling error. We have developed a novel 3-D computer assisted prostate biopsy simulator based upon 201 whole-mounted step-sectioned radical prostatectomy specimens to compare the diagnostic accuracy of various prostate needle biopsy protocols. Computerized prostate models have been developed to accurately depict the anatomy of the prostate and all individual tumor foci. We obtained 18-biopsies of each prostate model to determine the detection rates of various biopsy protocols. As a result, the 10- and 12-pattern biopsy protocols had a 99.0% detection rate, while the traditional sextant biopsy protocol rate was only 72.6%. The 5-region biopsy protocol had a 90.5% detection rate. The lateral sextant pattern revealed a detection rate of 95.5%, whereas the 4-pattern lateral biopsy protocol had a 93.5% detection rate. Our results suggest that all the biopsy protocols that use laterally placed biopsies based upon the five region anatomical model are superior to the routinely used sextant prostate biopsy pattern. Lateral biopsies in the mid and apical zones of the gland are the most important. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Bauer, JJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3130-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3658 BP 300 EP 307 DI 10.1117/12.349441 PG 8 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BN20B UT WOS:000081058400030 ER PT J AU Davis, LJ Woods, AB AF Davis, LJ Woods, AB TI Military women's research SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DESERT-STORM; HEALTH-CARE; EXPERIENCE AB Until 1994, there was a paucity of research aimed at the female soldier. With the dramatic increase in the numbers of military women and their subsequent assumption of expanded roles, it is vital that increased research emphasis be exerted toward this group. A 1994 Congressional directive mandated that women be included in all Department of Defense-sponsored research. This led to the establishment of the Defense Women's Health Research Center for "multidisciplinary and multiinstitutional research" on military women's health issues. This article presents demographic data of military women along with descriptions of current research endeavors and issues in need of continued and future research. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Nursing, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Davis, LJ (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Nursing, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 164 IS 1 BP 6 EP 10 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 157HH UT WOS:000078055200003 PM 9922636 ER PT J AU Foerster, JG von Gonten, AS Robert, GH AF Foerster, JG von Gonten, AS Robert, GH TI The management of endodontically treated teeth using a computer-aided design and computer-assisted manufacturing computer-aided design and computer-integrated manufacturing system SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INLAYS AB This article introduces a new approach for restoring endodontically treated posterior teeth. Significantly reduced natural tooth structure often remains not only because of previous restorative measures but also because of endodontic procedures. Cast restorations for these teeth are almost universally recommended, The exception to this is the rare instance in which only conservative endodontic access openings exist in teeth presenting with no former existing restorations. Typically, multiple clinical appointments are required to complete the final cast restoration. This article presents Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Assisted Manufacturing/Computer-Aided Design and Computer-integrated Manufacturing applications for restorative dentistry that provide the necessary care in an expeditious manner. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hosp Dent Clin, USA Dent Act, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Foerster, JG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hosp Dent Clin, USA Dent Act, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 164 IS 1 BP 37 EP 40 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 157HH UT WOS:000078055200008 PM 9922641 ER PT J AU Craig, SC Zugner, D Knapik, JJ Bricknell, MCM AF Craig, SC Zugner, D Knapik, JJ Bricknell, MCM TI Parachuting injuries during Operation Royal Dragon, Big Drop III, Fort Bragg, North Carolina, May 15/16, 1996 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB On the night of May 15/16, 1996, the largest parachute assault of United States (US) and United Kingdom (UK) airborne forces in 52 years occurred at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. This paper describes the injuries sustained in that operation. A total of 4,754 (US, N = 3,066; UK, N = 1,688) aircraft exits were made, causing a total of 137 (US, N = 73; UK, N = 64) injuries in 117 personnel (US = 68; UK = 49). There were 15 hospital admissions (US = 68; UK = 7; p = 0.37) and no fatalities. The combined exit injury incidence was 24.6 injured soldiers per 1,000 exits. The US exit injury rate was 22 injured per 1,000 aircraft exits and the UK rate was 29 injured soldiers per 1,000 aircraft exits. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.25). Lower extremity sprains, strains, and fractures accounted for the majority of injuries in US and UR forces. UK soldiers sustained significantly more of these potentially incapacitating injuries than US troops, 16.1 per 1,000 exits versus 9.1 per 1,000 exits, respectively (chi(2) = 4.07; P = 0.043; relative risk [RR] = 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01, 2.86). The UK forces sustained significantly more closed head injuries than US forces, 7.1 per 1,000 exits versus 2.3 per 1,000 exits, respectively (chi(2) = 6.4; P = 0.011; RR = 3.13; 95% CI = 1.23, 7.93). The UR forces also had significantly more soldiers with multiple injuries than US forces (RR = 9.15; 95% CI = 2.5, 39.7). Factors that may have influenced differences in injury incidence include differences in weight of personal equipment and possible differences between the drop zones. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Craig, SC (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 164 IS 1 BP 41 EP 43 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 157HH UT WOS:000078055200009 PM 9922642 ER PT J AU Newmark, J Richards, TL AF Newmark, J Richards, TL TI Delayed unilateral post-traumatic tremor: Localization studies using single-proton computed tomographic and magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; HUMAN BRAIN; MOVEMENT-DISORDERS; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; 4.1 T; METABOLISM; LESIONS; INVIVO; MUSICIANS; DYSTONIA AB We present the case of a 46-year-old former U.S. Marine who developed unilateral dystonic tremor responsive to anticholinergic medications 13 years after contralateral, combat-induced head trauma. Although conventional neuroimaging techniques showed normal brain anatomy, single-proton computed tomographic scans demonstrated hypometabolism ipsilateral to the area of old trauma. Proton echoplanar spectral imaging demonstrated decreased signal in this same area on creatine imaging, which normalized on anticholinergic medication. Choline imaging on medication showed a signal void in the clinically suspected basal ganglia-thalamus region. We believe that these results indirectly suggest a trans-synaptic origin of the patient's movement disorder. C1 Madigan Army Med Ctr, Serv Neurol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Newmark, J (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 164 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 157HH UT WOS:000078055200014 PM 9922647 ER PT J AU Schissel, DJ Aydelotte, J Keller, R AF Schissel, DJ Aydelotte, J Keller, R TI Road rash with a rotten odor SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PITTED KERATOLYSIS AB As military physicians, our mission is to support the fighting force and keep our soldiers mission capable. One group of disorders that can quickly cripple a fighting force is disorders of the foot. A complete survey of dermatologic conditions of the foot is quite extensive, but only one comes with its own distinctive odor. This foul rash is pitted keratolysis. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Schissel, DJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 164 IS 1 BP 65 EP 67 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 157HH UT WOS:000078055200015 PM 9922648 ER PT J AU Simon, EP AF Simon, EP TI Hypnosis using a communication device to increase magnetic resonance imaging tolerance with a claustrophobic patient SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANXIETY AB This is a case report of a patient who prematurely terminated two previous magnetic resonance imaging procedures because of his highly claustrophobic condition. The patient was induced into a hypnotic trance twice before his third magnetic resonance imaging examination and he was given posthypnotic suggestions for decreased anxiety and increased physiologic control, Using a communication device with headphones on the patient, he was induced into a trance as he entered the magnet. This patient was successfully able to cope with this procedure and reported great satisfaction with treatment. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Psychol, Clin Hlth Psychol & Behav Med Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Simon, EP (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Psychol, Clin Hlth Psychol & Behav Med Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 164 IS 1 BP 71 EP 72 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 157HH UT WOS:000078055200017 PM 9922650 ER PT J AU Siebold, GL AF Siebold, GL TI The evolution of the measurement of cohesion SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP COHESIVENESS; PERFORMANCE; METAANALYSIS; MORALE AB The concept of cohesion is reviewed along with how it has been described or measured over time by various observers, behavioral and social scientists, and military researchers. Changes in the concept of cohesion are presented as a reflection of prevailing societal conditions and of the issues and professional concerns of scientists at particular periods in time. Specifically, it is suggested that the measurement of cohesion has resulted from (a) the definition of cohesion adopted and its operationalization, (b) the professional situation of scientists conducting cohesion research, and (c) the kinds of technology and methods available and deemed appropriate in the period. Finally, recommendations are given for the future measurement of small unit cohesion. C1 USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. RP Siebold, GL (reprint author), USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, 5001 Eisenhower Ave, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. RI Dopko, Rae/J-7437-2015 NR 63 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 6 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1999 VL 11 IS 1 BP 5 EP 26 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1101_2 PG 22 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 180MD UT WOS:000079389000002 ER PT J AU Griffith, J Vaitkus, M AF Griffith, J Vaitkus, M TI Relating cohesion to stress, strain, disintegration, and performance: An organizing framework SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SOCIAL SUPPORT; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; PSYCHOLOGICAL SEQUELAE; GROUP COHESIVENESS; COMBAT EXPOSURE; EVENT SCALE; GULF-WAR; DISORDER; COEFFICIENTS; METAANALYSIS AB The purpose of this article is to propose new directions for group cohesion research, specifically for military psychology, and more broadly, for social psychology. In addition to group members' provision of mutual support, military studies of cohesion often include descriptions of stressful events, individual experiences of stress or strain, group members' departure from the group, and individual and group performance of assigned tasks or mission. Yet, conspicuously absent is an organizing framework that ties together these variables, indicates their interrelations, and specifies hypotheses to be tested. By drawing on early sociological definitions of cohesion and by linking evidence regarding the parallel relation of social support to both stress and individual functioning, we propose a conceptual framework incorporating stress, strain, group disintegration, and performance as important and relevant concepts in studying cohesion. The framework offers specific directions for theory, analysis, and practice in future cohesion studies. C1 Maryland Army Natl Guard, Baltimore, MD USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Griffith, J (reprint author), 10956 Bellehaven Blvd, Damascus, MD 20872 USA. NR 131 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 6 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1999 VL 11 IS 1 BP 27 EP 55 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1101_3 PG 29 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 180MD UT WOS:000079389000003 ER PT J AU Oliver, LW Harman, J Hoover, E Hayes, SM Pandhi, NA AF Oliver, LW Harman, J Hoover, E Hayes, SM Pandhi, NA TI A quantitative integration of the military cohesion literature SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL SUPPORT; PERFORMANCE; COHESIVENESS; SATISFACTION; METAANALYSIS AB In this article, we review research on group cohesion in military units, using meta-analytic techniques that convert research findings to a common metric. After combining some of the 39 samples to eliminate possible overlap in participants, we conducted separate analyses for 7 different outcomes. Effect sizes (correlation coefficients), weighted by the number of participants, were .40 for cohesion and group performance,.20 for cohesion and individual performance, and .47 for cohesion and job/military satisfaction. Cohesion was also positively related to measures of retention (.22), well-being (.24), and readiness (.30) and was inversely related to rates of indiscipline (-.14), although these latter results are not definitive because of the smaller number of samples involved. Effect sizes weighted by the number of groups generally tended to decrease the number of cases, increase the effect sizes, and broaden the confidence intervals. We conclude that group cohesion results in desirable outcomes for the military and that the research has implications for policy and training issues. We recommend that future cohesion researchers include all basic data in their research reports, delineate their concepts explicitly, use valid and reliable measures, and give careful consideration to the level of analysis and other moderator variables. C1 USA, Res Inst, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Oliver, LW (reprint author), 8013 Glenmore Springs Rd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM lwoliver@erols.com NR 68 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 12 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1999 VL 11 IS 1 BP 57 EP 83 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1101_4 PG 27 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 180MD UT WOS:000079389000004 ER PT J AU Bartone, PT Adler, AB AF Bartone, PT Adler, AB TI Cohesion over time in a peacekeeping medical task force SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEALTH; PERFORMANCE; HARDINESS; MILITARY AB The U.S. military is increasingly involved in operations that require specially configured task forces that are tailored to the demands of a particular operation. Given the presumed importance of unit cohesion as a social influence on soldier morale, performance, and stress resiliency, a critical question is how cohesion develops in such units. This study examines cohesion over time in a U.S. Army medical task force that was newly constituted to serve in a United Nations peacekeeping operation in what is the former Yugoslavia. Survey data from three phases of the operation (predeployment, mid-deployment, and late-deployment) show that cohesion levels develop in an inverted-U pattern-starting out low, reaching a high point around mid-deployment, and then decreasing again toward the end of the B-month mission. Analyses of variance comparing work groups or sections within the task force reveal group differences on cohesion, with military police and physicians highest and operating room staff (nurses and technicians) lowest. Situational and home environment stressors correlate negatively with cohesion during predeployment, whereas work relationship problems are stronger (negative) correlates at mid- and late-deployment. Boredom correlates negatively with unit cohesion at mid- and late-deployment. Regression results show that different unit climate variables influence cohesion over time, with confidence and trust in leaders paramount in the early-deployment phase, confidence in fellow soldiers and mission success more important during mid-deployment, and confidence in leaders, as well as trust that families are being cared for on the home front, the strongest predictors of cohesion late in the deployment. These results demonstrate the importance of assessing cohesion across phases of a deployment and suggest several directions for future research. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, W Point, NY 10996 USA. USA, Med Res Unit Europe, Heidelberg, Germany. RP Bartone, PT (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RI Dopko, Rae/J-7437-2015; OI Bartone, Paul/0000-0002-5767-0086 NR 42 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1999 VL 11 IS 1 BP 85 EP 107 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1101_5 PG 23 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 180MD UT WOS:000079389000005 ER PT J AU Siebold, GL Lindsay, TJ AF Siebold, GL Lindsay, TJ TI The relation between demographic descriptors and soldier-perceived cohesion and motivation SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 89th Annual Meeting of the American-Sociological-Association CY AUG 05-09, 1994 CL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Sociol Assoc ID MILITARY; INEQUALITY AB This article addresses the relation of demographic variables, especially racial and ethnic group membership, to unit cohesion, soldier motivation, and unit performance. Data were obtained by questionnaire from 955 soldiers from 60 light infantry platoons. Comparisons were made between White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian soldiers in terms of their perceived cohesion and individual motivation. Comparisons were made dependent on whether the soldier had Black or White leaders. A comparison was made between the percentage of White soldiers in a platoon (i.e., racial and ethnic homogeneity) and platoon performance. No major effects were found for soldier racial and ethnic group or for the percentage of Whites in a platoon. No relation was found between marital status, the existence of children, or housing location and perceived cohesion and motivation. Results indicate that leadership and intragroup dynamics appear to be the dominant influences on unit cohesion and soldier motivation. C1 USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. RP Siebold, GL (reprint author), USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, 5001 Eisenhower Ave, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1999 VL 11 IS 1 BP 109 EP 128 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1101_6 PG 20 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 180MD UT WOS:000079389000006 ER PT J AU Johnson, DM Stewart, JE AF Johnson, DM Stewart, JE TI Use of virtual environments for the acquisition of spatial knowledge: Comparison among different visual displays SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REALITY AB This experiment investigated the effects of three visual display systems differing in immersiveness: A wide field of view (FOV) 3-D helmet-mounted display (HMD); a 3-D HMD with a narrow FOV; and a stationary, rear-projection, wide screen display (WSD). Soldiers explored a virtual environment (VE) representing an actual, unfamiliar heliport. Measures of spatial knowledge of the heliport and presence were recorded. Pretest-posttest differences showed that exploration of the VE transferred to the actual heliport. Visual display had no effect on spatial knowledge of the heliport or on presence. Measures of susceptibility to presence correlated with reported presence only in the WSD condition. Results question popular notions about VEs, which assume that visual-spatial learning is more effective the more immersive the visual display. C1 USA, Inst Res, Rotary Wing Aviat Res Unit, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Stewart, JE (reprint author), USA, Inst Res, Rotary Wing Aviat Res Unit, Bldg 5100, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1999 VL 11 IS 2 BP 129 EP 148 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1102_1 PG 20 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 208XL UT WOS:000081017200001 ER PT J AU Segal, DR Rohall, DE Jones, JC Manos, AM AF Segal, DR Rohall, DE Jones, JC Manos, AM TI Meeting the missions of the 1990s with a downsized force: Human resource management lessons from the deployment of PATRIOT missile units to Korea SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Since the end of the Cold War, nontraditional military missions have increased substantially, whereas armies, like many other work organizations, are being downsized. In many instances, survivors of downsizing are being called on to do more with less. One example was the unscheduled 1994 deployment of a PATRIOT missile battalion to Korea. This article presents data drawn from surveys of soldiers in the first PATRIOT battalion sent to South Korea and of soldiers in the battalion that replaced them. Although both PATRIOT battalions were quite similar in many respects, the soldiers in the first battalion sent to Korea had been told that they would not be deployed again for 2 years, had less warning of their deployment, and had seen more deployments than the second battalion sent to Korea. In both battalions, the best predictor of morale for younger soldiers (E4 and below) was family adjustment to Army life; the best predictor of morale for older soldiers (E5 and above) was leadership support for soldiers. However, the data revealed that both junior and senior enlisted soldiers in the first battalion had significantly lower morale and family adjustment ratings than the soldiers sent to replace them. Findings reinforce the importance of communication with the survivors of organizational downsizing and consideration of the needs of their families as their jobs undergo restructuring. They also suggest that, with increased operational tempo, soldiers' needs may vary by rank; family adjustment issues may be exacerbated for junior troops, whereas other family issues become more salient for senior enlisted troops. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Sociol, Ctr Res Military Org, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Segal, DR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Sociol, Ctr Res Military Org, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Dopko, Rae/J-7437-2015 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1999 VL 11 IS 2 BP 149 EP 167 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1102_2 PG 19 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 208XL UT WOS:000081017200002 ER PT J AU Steinberg, AG Foley, DM AF Steinberg, AG Foley, DM TI Mentoring in the army: From buzzword to practice SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENDER; WOMEN; EXPERIENCES; MANAGERS; MEN AB As in many organizations, mentoring is a common buzzword in the U.S, Army. Yet, it is not dearly defined, and little data document the nature and extent of its practice. In addition, concern exists that, if White men are less likely to mentor women and minority members, mentoring may foster a so-called glass ceiling to future promotion:for women and minority personnel. Consequently, surveys and interviews were conducted to examine how Army senior noncommissioned officers (NCOs)and commissioned officers conceptualize mentoring, the prevalence of mentoring, and whether women and minorities have different mentoring experiences. Factor analysis showed 3 dimensions of mentoring behaviors: Personal Development, Career Sponsoring, and Job Coaching. Most NCOs acid officers had been mentored. Neither women nor minority members were at a disadvantage; no gender or race differences were found in whether they were mentored, in the type of assistance they received, and in the helpfulness of those mentoring behaviors. However, differences occurred as a function of rank and type of organizational unit of those who were mentored. C1 USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Steinberg, AG (reprint author), USA, Inst Res, 5001 Eisenhower Ave,TAPC-ARI-TA, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1999 VL 11 IS 4 BP 365 EP 379 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp1104_2 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 267YC UT WOS:000084386000002 ER PT J AU Corson, MS Freebersyser, JA Sastry, A AF Corson, MS Freebersyser, JA Sastry, A TI Untitled SO MOBILE NETWORKS & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA USA. Army Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Rockwell Int Sci Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. RP Corson, MS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-469X J9 MOBILE NETW APPL JI Mobile Netw. Appl. PY 1999 VL 4 IS 3 BP 137 EP 138 DI 10.1023/A:1019142730539 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 247UT UT WOS:000083239400001 ER PT J AU Sass, P AF Sass, P TI Communications networks for the force XXI digitized battlefield SO MOBILE NETWORKS & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB In striving to meet the increasing demands for timely delivery of multimedia information to the warfighter of the 21st Century, the US Army is undergoing a gradual evolution from its "legacy" communications networks to a flexible internetwork architecture based solidly on the underlying communications protocols and technology of the commercial Internet. The framework for this new digitized battlefield, as described in the DoD's Joint Technical Architecture (JTA), is taken from the civilian telecommunications infrastructure which, in many cases, differs appreciably from the rigors of the battlefield environment. The purpose of this paper is to survey the components and characteristics of the Army's legacy communications networks, to illustrate the directions currently being taken for accomplishing this digitization, to describe the areas in which the civilian and military systems differ, and to define a glide path for convergence of the two technologies in support of the military's increasing appetite for information. C1 Mitre Corp, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. USA, CECOM RDEC, Space & Terr Commun Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. RP Sass, P (reprint author), Mitre Corp, Burlington Rd, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-469X J9 MOBILE NETW APPL JI Mobile Netw. Appl. PY 1999 VL 4 IS 3 BP 139 EP 155 DI 10.1023/A:1019194714609 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 247UT UT WOS:000083239400002 ER PT S AU Lorenzo, M Jacobs, E Moulton, R Liu, J AF Lorenzo, M Jacobs, E Moulton, R Liu, J BE Faust, NL Kessinger, S TI Optimized mapping of radiometric quantities into OpenGL SO MODELING, SIMULATION, AND VISUALIZATION FOR REAL AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Simulation, and Visualization for Real and Virtual Environments CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE simulation; FLIR; infrared; OpenGL; Paint the Night AB Physically realistic synthesis of FLIP imagery requires intensive phenomenology calculations of the spectral band thermal emission and reflection from scene elements in the database. These calculations predict the heat conduction, convection, and radiation exchange between scene elements and the environment. Balancing this requirement is the need for imagery to be presented to a display in a timely fashion, often in real time. In order to support these conflicting requirements, some means of overcoming the Sap between real time and high fidelity must be achieved. Over the past several years, the US Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) has been developing a real-time forward looking infrared (FLIR) sensor simulation known as Paint the Night (PTN). As part of this development, NVESD has explored schemes for optimizing signature models and for mapping model radiometric output into parameters compatible with OpenGL real-time rendering architectures. Relevant signature and mapping optimization issues are discussed, and a current NVESD PTN real-time implementation scheme is presented. C1 USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Lorenzo, M (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd,Suite 430, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3168-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3694 BP 173 EP 182 DI 10.1117/12.354476 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BN68T UT WOS:000082586700018 ER PT S AU Korjack, TA AF Korjack, TA BE Faust, NL Kessinger, S TI System simulation for predictive relations in penetration mechanics SO MODELING, SIMULATION, AND VISUALIZATION FOR REAL AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Simulation, and Visualization for Real and Virtual Environments CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE penetration mechanics; chaining; expert system; database AB The availability of a software system yielding quick numerical models to predict ballistic behavior is a requisite asset for any research laboratory engaged in material behavior. What is especially true about accessibility of rapid prototyping for terminal impaction is the enhancement of a system structure that will direct the specific material and impact situation toward a specific predictive model, yielding an outcome of physical significance. This, of course, is of particular importance when the ranges of validity are at stake and the pertinent constraints associated with the impact are unknown. Hence, a compilation of semi-empirical predictive penetration relations for various physical phenomena has been organized into a data structure for the purpose of developing a knowledge-based decision-aided expert system to predict the terminal ballistic behavior of projectiles and targets. The ranges of validity and constraints of operation of each model were examined and cast into a decision tree structure to include target type, target material, projectile types, projectile materials, attack configuration, and performance or damage measures. This decision system implements many penetration relations, identifies formulas that match user-given conditions, and displays the predictive relation coincident with the match, in addition to a numerical solution. The physical regimes under consideration encompass the hydrodynamic, transitional, and solid; the targets are either semi-infinite or plate; and the projectiles include kinetic energy (KE) and chemical energy (CE). A preliminary database has also been created to allow further development of inductive and deductive reasoning techniques to be applied to ballistic situations involving terminal mechanics. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Korjack, TA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3168-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3694 BP 184 EP 189 DI 10.1117/12.354477 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BN68T UT WOS:000082586700019 ER PT S AU Kelley, M Pei, R AF Kelley, M Pei, R BE Faust, NL Kessinger, S TI C4I2WS system of systems integration for the future army SO MODELING, SIMULATION, AND VISUALIZATION FOR REAL AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Simulation, and Visualization for Real and Virtual Environments CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE system of systems integration; simulation based acquisition; simulation modeling acquisition research & training; modeling and simulation AB The Army's Digitization of the Battlefield effort and the on-going Army After Next Initiative are leveraging heavily on the information revolution in the commercial sector and is drastically changing the way we will conduct military operations.. In the future, all sensor and weapon systems/platforms, on the battlefield will be linked to each other in a "system of systems" environment through an information grid in near real time. The information battle space that all weapon systems have to operate within will be increasingly more complex. In order to pursue development, interoperability, and optimization of new Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Information Warfare, and Sensor (C4I2WS) systems from this more global perspective, we must develop a robust, flexible, and efficient research, development and engineering (RD&E) environment to support "System of Systems Integration (SOSI). In this paper, we will examine recent initiatives at the U.S Army's Communication & Electronics Command (CECOM) Research and Engineering Directorate (CERDEC) to develop and establish and SOSI capability, together with the infrastructure and simulation facilities required to conduct collaborative distributed prototyping and evaluation. This new capability will permit the CERDEC's various Directorates in conjunction with Other stakeholders in the RDA process to accomplish its mission of developing and integrating C4I2WS Systems for the XXI Century Army. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Commun Elect Command, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Kelley, M (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Commun Elect Command, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3168-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3694 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1117/12.354481 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BN68T UT WOS:000082586700023 ER PT J AU Bergman, L Alexson, D Nemanich, RJ Dutta, M Stroscio, MA Balkas, C Davis, RF AF Bergman, L Alexson, D Nemanich, RJ Dutta, M Stroscio, MA Balkas, C Davis, RF TI Phonon dynamics and lifetimes of AlN and GaN crystallites SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM NITRIDE; RAMAN AB The quasi-LO and quasi-TO modes of AlN crystallite were investigated. The analysis indicates that the Raman mode behavior concurs with Loudons' model of mode-mixing in wurtzite (WZ) structure crystals which is due to the long-range electrostatic field. Phonon-lifetimes of GaN and AlN crystallites were studied via Raman lineshape. It was found that the low energy E2 mode lifetime is about an order of magnitude longer than that of the other modes, and that impurities impact significantly the phonon-lifetimes. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Bergman, L (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Davis, Robert/A-9376-2011 OI Davis, Robert/0000-0002-4437-0885 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 1999 VL 4 SU 1 BP art. no. EP G6.65 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 185QC UT WOS:000079680200125 ER PT J AU Cao, XA Ren, F Lothian, JR Pearton, SJ Abernathy, CR Zolper, JC Cole, MW Zeitouny, A Eizenberg, M Shul, RJ AF Cao, XA Ren, F Lothian, JR Pearton, SJ Abernathy, CR Zolper, JC Cole, MW Zeitouny, A Eizenberg, M Shul, RJ TI Behavior of W and WSix contact metallization on n- and p- type GaN SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OHMIC CONTACTS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMAL-STABILITY; GALLIUM NITRIDE; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; FILMS AB Sputter-deposited W-based contacts on p-GaN (N(A)similar to 10(18) cm(-3)) display non-ohmic behavior independent of annealing temperature when measured at 25 degrees C. The transition to ohmic behavior occurs above similar to 250 degrees C as more of the accepters become ionized. The optimum annealing temperature is similar to 700 degrees C under these conditions. These contacts are much more thermally stable than the conventional Ni/Au metallization, which shows a severely degraded morphology even at 700 degrees C. W-based contacts may be ohmic as-deposited on very heavily doped n-GaN, and the specific contact resistance improves with annealing up to similar to 900 degrees C. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Multiplex Inc, S Plainfield, NJ 07080 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21105 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mat Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cao, XA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 1999 VL 4 SU 1 BP art. no. EP G6.39 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 185QC UT WOS:000079680200108 ER PT J AU Linthicum, KJ Gehrke, T Thomson, DB Tracy, KM Carlson, EP Smith, TP Zheleva, TS Zorman, CA Mehregany, M Davis, RF AF Linthicum, KJ Gehrke, T Thomson, DB Tracy, KM Carlson, EP Smith, TP Zheleva, TS Zorman, CA Mehregany, M Davis, RF TI Process routes for low defect-density GaN on various substrates employing pendeo-epitaxial growth techniques SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; SELECTIVE GROWTH; LATERAL EPITAXY; FILMS; DEPOSITION; LAYERS AB GaN films have been grown on 6H-SiC substrates employing a new form of selective lateral epitaxy, namely pendeo-epitaxy. This technique forces regrowth to start exclusively on sidewalls of GaN seed structures. Both discrete pendeo-epitaxial microstructures and coalesced single crystal layers of GaN have been achieved. SEM and TEM analysis are used to evaluate the morphology of the resulting GaN films. Process routes leading to GaN pendeo-epitaxial growth using silicon substrates have also been achieved and the preliminary results are discussed. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27965 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Elect Syst & Comp Engn & Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Linthicum, KJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27965 USA. RI Davis, Robert/A-9376-2011 OI Davis, Robert/0000-0002-4437-0885 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 1999 VL 4 SU 1 BP art. no. EP G4.9 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 185QC UT WOS:000079680200075 ER PT J AU Shen, H Wraback, M Pamulapati, J Liang, S Gorla, C Lu, Y AF Shen, H Wraback, M Pamulapati, J Liang, S Gorla, C Lu, Y TI Properties of epitaxial ZnO thin films for GaN and related applications SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SAPPHIRE; ZINC AB In this paper, we present a detailed study of high quality (110) ZnO films, epitaxially grown on R-plane sapphire substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The epitaxial relationships are (11(2) over bar 0) ZnO//(01(1)over bar>2) Al2O3 and [0001] ZnO//[<0(1)over bar 11>] Al2O3 as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (theta-2 theta, and phi-scan) and high-resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Low temperature photoluminescence (PL) indicates the ZnO thin films are almost strain free. Optical absorption and reflection measurements with linearly polarized light indicate a strong optical anisotropy. The polarization rotation towards the C-axis associated with the optical anisotropy is utilized to demonstrate an optically addressed ultra-fast, ultraviolet light modulator. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL SE EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Shen, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL SE EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 1999 VL 4 SU 1 BP art. no. EP G3.60 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 185QC UT WOS:000079680200052 ER PT J AU Zheleva, TS Smith, SA Thomson, DB Gehrke, T Linthicum, KJ Rajagopal, P Carlson, E Ashmawi, WM Davis, RF AF Zheleva, TS Smith, SA Thomson, DB Gehrke, T Linthicum, KJ Rajagopal, P Carlson, E Ashmawi, WM Davis, RF TI Pendeo-epitaxy - A new approach for lateral growth of gallium nitride structures SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; DISLOCATION DENSITY; GAN FILMS AB A new process route for lateral growth of nearly defect free GaN structures via Pendeo-epitaxy is discussed. Lateral growth of GaN films suspended from {11(2) over bar 0} side walls of [0001] oriented GaN columns into and over adjacent etched wells has been achieved via MOVPE technique without the use of, or contact with, a supporting mask or substrate. Pendeo-epitaxy is proposed as the descriptive term for this growth technique, Selective growth was achieved using process parameters that promote lateral growth of the {11(2) over bar 0} planes of GaN and disallow nucleation of this phase on the exposed SIC substrate, Thus, the selectivity is provided by tailoring the shape of the underlying GaN layer itself consisting of a sequence of alternating trenches and columns, instead of selective growth through openings in SiO2 or SiNx mask, as in the conventional lateral epitaxial overgrowth (LEO). Two modes of initiation of the pendeo-epitaxial GaN growth via MOVPE were observed: Mode A - promoting the lateral growth of the {11(2) over bar 0} side facets into the wells faster than the vertical growth of the (0001) top facets; and Mode B - enabling the top (0001) faces to grow initially faster followed by the pendeo-epitaxial growth over the wells from the newly formed {11(2) over bar 0} side facets. Four-to-five order decrease in the dislocation density was observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in the pendeo-epitaxial GaN relative to that in the GaN columns, TEM observations revealed that in pendeo-epitaxial GaN films the dislocations do not propagate laterally from the GaN columns when the structure grows laterally from the sidewalls into and over the trenches. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed that the coalesced regions are either defect-free or sometimes exhibit voids. Above these voids the PE-GaN layer is usually defect free. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zheleva, TS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Davis, Robert/A-9376-2011 OI Davis, Robert/0000-0002-4437-0885 NR 12 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 1999 VL 4 SU 1 BP art. no. EP G3.38 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 185QC UT WOS:000079680200041 ER PT J AU Zavada, JM Thaik, M Hommerich, U MacKenzie, JD Abernathy, CR Ren, F Shen, H Pamulapati, J Jiang, H Lin, J Wilson, RG AF Zavada, JM Thaik, M Hommerich, U MacKenzie, JD Abernathy, CR Ren, F Shen, H Pamulapati, J Jiang, H Lin, J Wilson, RG TI Luminescence from erbium-doped gallium nitride thin films SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ER-IMPLANTED GAN; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; EXCITATION; ALN AB The III-V nitride semiconductors appear to be excellent host materials for optical device applications involving thin films doped with rare earth atoms. In particular, GaN epilayers doped with Er ions have shown a highly reduced thermal quenching of the Er luminescence intensity from cryogenic to elevated temperatures. The remarkable thermal stability of the light emission may be due to the large energy bandgap of the material, as well as to the optical inactivity of material defects in the GaN film. In this paper we present recent developments concerning the luminescence characteristics of Er-doped GaN thins films. We have used two methods for doping GaN films with Er ions, ion implantation and in-situ incorporation during gas source metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy (MOMBE). Bandedge (at similar to 0.34 mu m) and infrared (at similar to 1.54 mu m) photoluminescence (BL) spectra have been measured for both types of Er-doped GaN films. Considerably different emission spectra have been observed depending upon the incorporation method and the heat treatment procedure. In situ Er-doped GaN layers have been processed into hybrid light emitting devices and emission spectra at 1.54 mu m have been measured. C1 USA, European Res Off, London NW1 5TH, England. Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Res Ctr Opt Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Zavada, JM (reprint author), USA, European Res Off, London NW1 5TH, England. EM jzavada@army.ehis.navy.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 1999 VL 4 SU 1 AR G11.1 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 185QC UT WOS:000079680200144 ER PT J AU Dickey, R Jester, E Granade, R Mowdy, D Moncreiff, C Rebarchik, D Robl, M Musser, S Poli, M AF Dickey, R Jester, E Granade, R Mowdy, D Moncreiff, C Rebarchik, D Robl, M Musser, S Poli, M TI Monitoring brevetoxins during a Gymnodinium breve red tide: Comparison of sodium channel specific cytotoxicity assay and mouse bioassay for determination of neurotoxic shellfish toxins in shellfish extracts SO NATURAL TOXINS LA English DT Article DE neurotoxic shellfish poisoning; brevetoxins; brevetoxin metabolism; cytotoxicity; mouse bioassay; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry ID PTYCHODISCUS-BREVIS; DINOFLAGELLATE; CIGUATOXINS; SAXITOXINS AB In October of 1996, a Gymnodinium breve bloom occurred in shellfish harvesting waters of Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana, Gulf of Mexico, USA. Bloom densities reached 5.6 x 10(5) cells liter(-1) and bloom residence at shellfish sampling stations ranged from 3 to 28 days. Brevetoxin-2 dominated G. breve toxin profiles in bloom seawater extracts. Shellfish toxicity, assessed by mouse bioassay, exceeded the guidance level for up to 75 days after the bloom had dissipated. Cytotoxicity assays and mouse bioassays showed similar temporal patterns of shellfish toxicity, but the two methods differed in estimations of brevetoxin-3 equivalent toxicity by a factor of 93 to 1. LC-ESI-MS showed the temporal patterns in shellfish toxicity reflected metabolism of G. breve toxins. The molecular ions m/z 1004, 1017 and 1033 dominated LC-ESI-MS spectra of toxic chromatographic fractions from the extracts and were identified as brevetoxin metabolites on the basis of LC-APCI-MS-MS. The discrepancy between cytotoxicity and mouse bioassay estimates of brevetoxin-3 equivalent toxicity resulted from the difference in extraction efficiency of solvents used in the respective methods and the relative sensitivity of the assays to toxin metabolite mixtures present in the extracts. The normalized cytotoxicity assay showed 75% agreement with mouse bioassay positive lest samples and 64% agreement with mouse bioassay negative test samples. Published in 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Toxinol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Dickey, R (reprint author), US FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab, 1 Iberville St, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. EM rdickey@oc.fda.gov RI Tyurina, Natalia/F-7720-2014 OI Tyurina, Natalia/0000-0002-6188-1556 NR 21 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1056-9014 J9 NAT TOXINS JI Nat. Toxins PY 1999 VL 7 IS 4 BP 157 EP 165 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 310YQ UT WOS:000086857500006 PM 10797644 ER PT B AU Doctor, BP Saxena, A Gordon, RK Maxwell, DM Ashani, Y AF Doctor, BP Saxena, A Gordon, RK Maxwell, DM Ashani, Y BE Sohns, T Voicu, VA TI Cholinesterases as bioscavengers for protection against organophosphate chemical warfare agents SO NBC RISKS: CURRENT CAPABILITIES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES FOR PROTECTION SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Antidotes, Protectors and Decorporators - A New Approach in the Area of Disarmament: From Military Towards Environmental Purpose CY APR 20-22, 1998 CL BUCHAREST, ROMANIA SP NATO ID SOMAN; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; TOXICITY; BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; PRETREATMENT; MONKEYS AB Conventional medical treatment against the toxicity of organophosphorus (OF) compound consists of anticholinergic drugs to counteract the accumulation of acetylcholine and oximes to reactivate OF-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Although, both oxime and carbamate antidotal regimens are effective in preventing lethality from OP compounds, their restriction to the periphery because of their cationic charges results in post exposure incapacitation and toxic effects in experimental animals. The failures of these pharmacological approaches to provide complete protection against OF compounds have led to the development of enzyme bioscavengers to remove OF compounds from circulation before they inhibit neural AChE. Among the enzymes that hold promise as scavengers of highly toxic OF nerve agents, significant advances have been made using cholinesterases (ChEs). These enzymes were found to be effective bioscavengers against a variety of OP compounds in rodents as well as non-human primates. Pretreatment of rhesus monkeys with fetal bovine serum (FBS) AChE or horse and human serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) protected them against a challenge of up to 5 LD50 Of soman (O-pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate), a highly toxic OF. These monkeys, pre-treated with ChEs, were devoid of any behavioral incapacitation after a soman challenge. Although the use of enzyme as a single pretreatment drug for OP toxicity was sufficient to provide complete protection, a relatively large (stoichiometric) amount of enzyme was required to neutralize OF in vivo. To increase the OP/enzyme stoichiometry, we combined enzyme pretreatment with oxime reactivation, so that the aging of OF-inhibited FBS AChE was minimized and the catalytic activity of AChE was rapidly and continuously restored. The efficacy of FBS AChE to detoxify sarin in the presence of 2 mM HI-6 (1-(2-hydroxyiminomethyl-1-pyridinium)-1-(4-caboxyaminopyridinium)-dimethyl ether hydrochloride) was increased by 3200-fold in vitro and 57-fold in mice. Current efforts to further increase the OP/enzyme stoichiometry have involved the development of AChE mutants that are more easily reactivated than the wild-type enzyme. A mutant enzyme was generated in which, the glutamate E-202(199) located at amino terminal to the active-site serine S-203(200) was coverted to glutamine, by site-directed mutagenesis of Torpedo and mouse AChE. For wild-type enzyme, the soman-AChE conjugate aged immediately, giving rise to a form of enzyme resistant to reactivation by oximes. In contrast, the E-202 Q mutant enzyme was largely resistant to aging and could be reactivated by oximes. In vitro detoxification of soman and sarin by wild-type and E(202)Q AChE was 2-3 times more effective in detoxifying soman and sarin compared to wild-type AChE. The reactivations of OF-inhibited AChE, wild type or E(202)Q by oximes have very useful applications in many areas. An effective formulation can be developed for use in medical, surgical or skin decontamination of exposed subjects. One such formulation of ChEs that we have developed involves their covalent linkage and immobilization to a polyurethane matrix, which enhances their stability and usefulness in a variety of environments. The resulting ChE-sponges can be molded to any form and be effectively used to decontaminate skin, wounds, clothing, or other sensitive medical equipment. The ChE-sponges retained their catalytic activity under conditions where the native soluble enzymes would rapidly denature. The ChE-sponges can be reused several times in the presence of oximes and repeatedly detoxify OPs such as DFP (diisopropyl fluorophosphate) and MEPQ (7-(methylethoxyphosphinyloxy)-1-methylquinolinium iodide). These developments in ChE technology have extended the applicability of enzyme scavengers from in vivo protection to external protection to external decontamination of nerve agents and pesticides. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Doctor, BP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5802-3 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 1999 VL 25 BP 165 EP 175 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BP03M UT WOS:000083947000012 ER PT S AU Meier, HL Ballough, GPH Forster, JS Filbert, MG AF Meier, HL Ballough, GPH Forster, JS Filbert, MG BE Trembly, B Slikker, W TI Benzamide, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, is neuroprotective against soman-induced seizure-related brain damage SO NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS: FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Neuroprotective Agents - Clinical and Experimental Aspects CY NOV 15-19, 1998 CL ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND SP US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr ID INDUCED CELL-DEATH; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; SULFUR MUSTARD; EXCITOTOXICITY C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. La Salle Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19141 USA. RP Meier, HL (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, 3100 Ricketts Pt Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-222-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1999 VL 890 BP 330 EP 335 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08010.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BP50F UT WOS:000085330700030 PM 10668438 ER PT S AU Marini, AM Ueda, Y June, CH AF Marini, AM Ueda, Y June, CH BE Trembly, B Slikker, W TI Intracellular survival pathways against glutamate receptor agonist excitotoxicity in cultured neurons - Intracellular calcium responses SO NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS: FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Neuroprotective Agents - Clinical and Experimental Aspects CY NOV 15-19, 1998 CL ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND SP US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr ID CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS; METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; AMINO-ACID RECEPTORS; HIPPOCAMPAL PYRAMIDAL CELLS; MOUSE CENTRAL NEURONS; SPINAL-CORD NEURONS; MEMBRANE DEPOLARIZATION; ACTIVATED CHANNELS; CYTOSOLIC CALCIUM; INDUCED RELEASE AB Cultured rat cerebellar granule cells are resistant to the excitotoxic effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptor agonists under three conditions: 1) prior to day seven in vitro when cultured in depolarizing concentrations of potassium [25 mM]; 2) at any time in vitro when cultured in non-depolarizing concentrations of potassium [5 mM]; and 3) When neurons, cultured in depolarizing concentrations of potassium [25 mM] for eight days in vitro, are pretreated with a subtoxic concentration of NMDA. The focus of this paper is to determine: a) whether the resistance to excitotoxicity by NMDA and non-NMDA receptor agonists is due to a decreased intracellular calcium [Ca++](i) response to glutamate receptor agonists in cultured rat cerebellar granule cells; or b) whether [Ca++](i) levels induced by the agonists are similar to those observed under excitotoxic conditions. Granule cells, matured in non-depolarizing growth medium, treated with glutamate resulted in an increase in [Ca++](i) followed by a plateau that remained above baseline in virtually all neurons that responded to glutamate, The response was rapid in onset (<10 sec) and the pattern of response heterogeneous in that tells responsive to glutamate increased their [Ca++](i) to different extents; some cells did not respond to glutamate, Kainate also produced significant elevations in [Ca++](i). The [Ca++](i) response to glutamate in neurons matured in depolarizing (25 mM K+) growth medium for three days was rapid, transient and heterogeneous, which reached a plateau that was elevated above baseline levels; removing the glutamate markedly reduced the [Ca++](i) concentration. Activation of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionoic acid (AMPA)/kainate receptors by kainic acid produced similar changes in [Ca++](i) responses. At a time when cultured cerebellar granule cells become susceptible to the excitotoxic effects of glutamate acting at NMDA receptors (day in vitro (DIV) 8) depolarizing growth medium, glutamate elicited [Ca++](i) responses similar to those observed at a culture time when the neurons are not susceptible to the excitotoxic effects of glutamate (DIV 3), Pretreatment of the cultured neurons with a subtoxic concentration of NMDA, which protects all neurons against the excitotoxic effects of glutamate, did not alter the maximal [Ca++](i) elicited by an excitotoxic concentration of glutamate. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Immune Cell Biol Program, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Marini, AM (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 59 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-222-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1999 VL 890 BP 421 EP 437 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08021.x PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BP50F UT WOS:000085330700039 PM 10668447 ER PT S AU Filbert, MG Forster, JS Smith, CD Ballough, GPH AF Filbert, MG Forster, JS Smith, CD Ballough, GPH BE Trembly, B Slikker, W TI Neuroprotective effects of HU-211 on brain damage resulting from soman-induced seizures SO NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS: FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Neuroprotective Agents - Clinical and Experimental Aspects CY NOV 15-19, 1998 CL ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND SP US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr ID CLOSED-HEAD INJURY; MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-2; NMDA ANTAGONIST; RAT-BRAIN; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; PROTECTS; LIGHT AB Neuroprotective effects of HU-211 (dexanabinol), a synthetic nonpsychotropic analog of tetrahydrocannabinol, on brain damage resulting from soman-induced seizures were examined in male Sprague-Dawleg rats challenged with 1.6 LD50 soman, At 5 or 40 min after onset of seizures, the rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/kg HU-211, All, rats that received soman showed electrocorticographic (ECoG) evidence of sustained: seizures and status epilepticus for 4-6 hr, HU-211 had no effect: on either the strength or duration of seizure activity, Administration of HU-211 at 5 min after seizure onset reduced median lesion volume 86% (as assessed by microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2)-negative staining), and when administered 40 min post-onset, the reduction in necrosis was 81.5% despite the presence of continuous seizures for 4-5 hr, These observations were corroborated by hemotoxylin and eosin (H&E) histopathological assessment that showed a significant reduction in piriform cortical neuronal damage in HU-211-treated animals, It is concluded that HU-211 provides considerable neuroprotection against brain damage produced by soman-induced seizures. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Filbert, MG (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-222-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1999 VL 890 BP 505 EP 514 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08032.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BP50F UT WOS:000085330700048 PM 10668456 ER PT S AU Johnson, JL AF Johnson, JL BE Lindblad, T Padgett, ML Kinser, J TI Pulse coupled neural networks can benefit ATR SO NINTH WORKSHOP ON VIRTUAL INTELLIGENCE/DYNAMIC NEURAL NETWORKS: ACADEMIC/INDUSTRIAL/NASA/DEFENSE TECHNICAL INTERCHANGE AND TUTORIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Virtual Intelligence/Dynamic Neural Networks CY JUN 22-28, 1998 CL ROYAL INST TECHNOL, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP NASA, SPIE - Int Soc Opt Engn, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc HO ROYAL INST TECHNOL AB The first problem confronting the developers of algorithms for reliable automatic object recognition systems is basic intensity segmentation and noise smoothing. The benefits of using PCNNs for this are described. The next issue for the developer is the mixture of syntactical and statistical techniques. For many, only the latter is included due to the lack of abundance of fast, simple and effective syntactical algorithms. Relational maps and model-based algorithms are generally computationally intensive as compared to a straightforward statistical method such as a classifier net. It is described how the time signals of a nonadaptive PCNN incorporate some syntactical information which in turn has been shown to be compatible with a statistical classifier. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Johnson, JL (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3202-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3728 BP 140 EP 147 DI 10.1117/12.343032 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BM94V UT WOS:000080215800013 ER PT S AU Johnson, JL Sims, SRF Branch, TW AF Johnson, JL Sims, SRF Branch, TW BE Lindblad, T Padgett, ML Kinser, J TI Test results for a 32x32 PCNN array SO NINTH WORKSHOP ON VIRTUAL INTELLIGENCE/DYNAMIC NEURAL NETWORKS: ACADEMIC/INDUSTRIAL/NASA/DEFENSE TECHNICAL INTERCHANGE AND TUTORIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Workshop on Virtual Intelligence/Dynamic Neural Networks CY JUN 22-28, 1998 CL ROYAL INST TECHNOL, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP NASA, SPIE - Int Soc Opt Engn, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc HO ROYAL INST TECHNOL AB Pulse coupled neural network (PCNN) algorithms for image preprocessing have minimal requirements for interconnects and essentially no memory requirements. They are an effective technique for rapid intensity segmentation and noise smoothing as an initial step in many image processing algorithms. A test array with 32x32 active PCNN pixels has been undergoing initial evaluation. Its performance is discussed and comparison with software versions of the PCNN algorithm is given. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Johnson, JL (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3202-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3728 BP 182 EP 185 DI 10.1117/12.343036 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BM94V UT WOS:000080215800017 ER PT S AU Reeber, RR AF Reeber, RR BE Green, RE TI In-situ control of materials processing and non-destructive characterization research SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS IX SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Nondestructive Characterization of Materials CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 1999 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Off Res, USA, Res Off Far E, USAF, Asian Off Aerosp R&D, USN, Off Res Int Field Off Asia ID THERMAL-EXPANSION; ION-IMPLANTATION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; X-RAY; DEPOSITION AB In-situ control of materials processing and non-destructive characterization are important for providing optimized reliability and durability of materials in service. Over the past 15 years a variety of research approaches for improving in-situ process controls have been developed through the support of the Army Research Office (ARO). These have been applied to composite manufacturing, thin film chemical and structural diagnostics, tire retreading and plastics manufacturing. This paper reviews some past and current ARO work for these areas as well as indicates possible directions and research trends that will become important for the future. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Reeber, RR (reprint author), USA, Res Off, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-911-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 497 BP 257 EP 262 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BP29Z UT WOS:000084618600038 ER PT S AU Salafia, D DeLeon, NL Outlaw, JF AF Salafia, D DeLeon, NL Outlaw, JF BE Green, RE TI Automation of wear analysis for large caliber weapons SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS IX SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Nondestructive Characterization of Materials CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 1999 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Off Res, USA, Res Off Far E, USAF, Asian Off Aerosp R&D, USN, Off Res Int Field Off Asia AB As part of the Test and Evaluation Command (TECOM) the Metrology and Simulation Division (MT-MS) at the U. S. Army Yuma Proving Ground (USAYPG) has the mission to measure and record the wear effects of conventional and experimental munitions on large caliber weapons. The primary objective is to ensure that the weapon to be fired will safely meet the mission requirements for the quantity and energy of the munitions under live fire testing. Currently, there are two criteria used to "deadline" a weapon. One is the actual physical wear tolerance. The other relates to the energy (zone) expended by the round and the subsequent fatigue induced in the microstructure of the gun tube. The latter is referred to as the Equivalent Full Charge (EFC) for the particular round. In order to maximize safety and reduce the time required to manually search records for the appropriate level of useful life, the Measurements and Simulation Branch of MT-MS at USAYPG has made use of the installation network such that critical information may be accessed from the local area network or the Internet An electronic database has been constructed and the query routines have been written so that systems test personnel, test directors (TD), and other government organizations may conduct a search for a particular weapon. The user may enter specifications such as percent physical hfe, percent EFC life, caliber, model, modifications, and serial number or any combination thereof. This paper is intended to inform the engineering and scientific community, engaged in weapons performance evaluation using simulations and field testing, of the existence of wear analysis automation for large caliber weapons. C1 USA, Yuma Proving Groung, Mat Test Ctr, Metrol & Simulat Div, Yuma, AZ 85365 USA. RP Salafia, D (reprint author), USA, Yuma Proving Groung, Mat Test Ctr, Metrol & Simulat Div, Yuma, AZ 85365 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-911-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 497 BP 346 EP 351 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BP29Z UT WOS:000084618600052 ER PT S AU Green, WH Wells, JM AF Green, WH Wells, JM BE Green, RE TI Characterization of impact damage in metallic/nonmetallic composites using x-ray computed tomography imaging SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS IX SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Nondestructive Characterization of Materials CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 1999 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Off Res, USA, Res Off Far E, USAF, Asian Off Aerosp R&D, USN, Off Res Int Field Off Asia AB Characterizing internal impact damage in composites can be difficult, especially in structurally complex composites or those consisting of many materials. Many methods for nondestructive inspection/nondestructive testing (NDI/NDT) of materials have been known and in use for many years, including x-ray film, real-time, and digital radiographic techniques, and ultrasonic techniques. However, these techniques are generally not capable of three-dimensional (3D) mapping of complex damage patterns, which is necessary to visualize and understand damage cracking modes. Conventional x-ray radiography suffers from the loss of 3D information. Structural complexity and signal dispersion in materials with many interfaces significantly effect ultrasonic inspection techniques. This makes inspection scan interpretation difficult, especially in composites containing a number of different materials (i.e., polymer, ceramic, and metallic). X-ray computed tomography (CT) is broadly applicable to any material or test object through which a beam of penetrating radiation may be passed and detected, including metals, plastics, ceramics, metallic/nonmetallic composites, and assemblies. The principal advantage of CT is that it provides densitometric (that is, radiological density and geometry) images of thin cross sections through an object. Because of the absence of structural superposition, images are much easier to interpret than conventional radiological images. The user can quickly learn to read CT data because images correspond more closely to the way the human mind visualizes 3D structures than projection radiology (that is film radiography, real-time radiography (RTR), and digital radiography (DR)). Any number of CT images, or slices, from scanning an object on be volumetrically reconstructed to produce a 3D attenuation map of the object. The 3D attenuation data can be rendered using multiplanar or 3D solid visualization. In multiplanar visualization there are four planes of view that can be defined to be anywhere in an object. These visualization modes produce easily interpretable images with very good spatial resolution and excellent dimensional capability. This paper will discuss current applications of advanced CT imaging to characterizing impact damage in metallic/nonmetallic composites. Examples, including encapsulated ceramics in metal-matrix-composites, will be discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Green, WH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-911-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 497 BP 622 EP 629 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BP29Z UT WOS:000084618600094 ER PT S AU Cmar-Mascis, NA Winfree, WP Parker, FR AF Cmar-Mascis, NA Winfree, WP Parker, FR BE Mal, AK TI Advanced radiographic methods for visualization of corrosion in aircraft structures SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF AGING AIRCRAFT, AIRPORTS, AND AEROSPACE HARDWARE III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Aging Aircraft, Airports, and Aerospace Hardware III CY MAR 03-05, 1999 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Soc Rxptl Mech Inc, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, Japanese Soc Nondestruct Inspect DE x-ray; radiography; corrosion; aircraft; computed tomography; laminography; NDE ID RAY AB Methods for enhanced detection and characterization of corrosion in aircraft structures are presented. A unique Reverse Geometry X-ray(R) system was utilized for real time radiographic imaging of structures. This system has several possible advantages as compared to conventional radiography. First, the x-ray detector can be miniaturized and easily positioned inside a complex structure (such as an aircraft wing) enabling images of each surface of the structure to be obtained separately. Second, multiple detectors enable the simultaneous acquisition of data from several different perspectives without moving the structure or the measurement system. This provides a means for locating the positions of flaws and enhances separation of features at the surface from features inside the structure. A method is presented for calibration of the eight detectors for reduction of radiographic data to thickness measurements. Results are presented for measurements on a varying thickness sample. Laminographic reconstruction of data from the multiple detector system is presented. Laminographic imaging methods are shown to be capable of separating surface features from corrosion in the lap joint and locating corrosion in multilayer structures. Removal of surface features to enhance definition of corrosion boundaries is discussed. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USA, Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Cmar-Mascis, NA (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USA, Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Ctr, MS 231, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3056-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3586 BP 332 EP 341 DI 10.1117/12.339901 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BM82F UT WOS:000079846700035 ER PT S AU Dutta, PK AF Dutta, PK BE Baaklini, GY Lebowitz, CA Boltz, ES TI Thermographic evaluation of window structures for Antarctic environment SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF AGING MATERIALS AND COMPOSITES III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Aging Materials and Composites III CY MAR 03-05, 1999 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech Inc, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, Japanese Soc Nondestruct Testing DE cold; low temperature; window; insulation; antarctic; arctic; thermal cycling; aging; building; South Pole AB This study evaluates the performance of three different prototype commercial windows at extremely low temperature by exposing them to an environment similar to the condition in the US South Pole Station building in the Antarctica. While the interior of the building will have a temperature of 24 degrees C, the outside temperature will vary from -70 degrees C to about -5 degrees C on a sunny day. The differential expansion or contraction of the component materials may produce unacceptably high stresses, which may cause either the failure of the components, or degradation of performance over time. This investigation was an effort to assess such degradation, if any. Simultaneous evaluation tests were performed on four windows, two from one manufacturer, and one each from two other manufacturers. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Dutta, PK (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3055-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3585 BP 73 EP 83 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BM82E UT WOS:000079846400008 ER PT J AU Pearton, SJ Abernathy, CR Wilson, RG Zavada, JM Song, CY Weinstein, MG Stavola, M Han, J Shul, RJ AF Pearton, SJ Abernathy, CR Wilson, RG Zavada, JM Song, CY Weinstein, MG Stavola, M Han, J Shul, RJ TI Effects of hydrogen implantation into GaN SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium J on Ion Implantation into Semiconductors, Oxides and Ceramics, at the Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY JUN 16-19, 1998 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE hydrogen; GaN; compensation; device isolation; defects ID MG; REACTIVATION; PASSIVATION; ACCEPTORS; COMPLEX; FILMS AB Proton implantation in GaN is found to reduce the free carrier density through two mechanisms - first, by creating electron and hole traps at around E-C - 0.8 eV and E-V + 0.9 eV that lead to compensation in both n- and p-type material, and second, by leading to formation of (AH)degrees complexes, where A is any acceptor (Mg, Ca, Zn, Be, Cd). The former mechanism is useful in creating high resistivity regions for device isolation, whereas the latter produces unintentional acceptor passivation that is detrimental to device performance. The strong affinity of hydrogen for accepters leads to markedly different redistribution behavior for implanted H+ in n- and p-GaN due to the chemical reaction to form neutral complexes in the latter. The accepters may be reactivated by simple annealing at greater than or equal to 600 degrees C, or by electron injection at 25-150 degrees C that produces debonding of the (AH)degrees centers. Implanted hydrogen is also strongly attracted to regions of strain in heterostructure samples during annealing, leading to pile-up at epi-epi and epi-substrate interfaces. IR spectroscopy shows that implanted hydrogen also decorates V-Ga defects in undoped and n-GaN, (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pearton, SJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rhines Hall,POB 116400, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 1999 VL 147 IS 1-4 BP 171 EP 174 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(98)90561-4 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 153RK UT WOS:000077846200030 ER PT J AU Sarnecky, MT AF Sarnecky, MT TI American nursing from hospitals to health systems SO NURSING HISTORY REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Nurse Corps, Carlsbad, CA 92009 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PUBL CO PI NEW YORK PA 526 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10012-3955 USA SN 1062-8061 J9 NURS HIST REV JI Nurs. Hist. Rev. PY 1999 VL 7 BP 209 EP 211 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; History Of Social Sciences; Nursing SC History & Philosophy of Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Nursing GA 380YK UT WOS:000165732600023 ER PT B AU McCleave, BW Greer, HC Briggs, MJ AF McCleave, BW Greer, HC Briggs, MJ GP MTS MTS TI Wave generation instrumentation in hydraulic models SO OCEANS '99 MTS/IEEE : RIDING THE CREST INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Riding the Crest Into the 21st Century (OCEANS 99) CY SEP 13-16, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Marine Technol Soc, Ocean Engn Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn AB Hydraulic scale models are used to study the effects of wave and tidal action at particular locations or in experimental basins. For example, the effects of wave action on ships anchored in a harbor during different stages of harbor renovation can be studied in a scale model to determine what to expect in the prototype. Based on test results, the construction work may be redirected to minimize resonant conditions and the resulting wave amplification. Similarly, scale models are used to test the effects of storms and other abnormal wave conditions on land structures, coastal erosion, ships, and moorings. A Directional Spectral Wave Generator (DSWG) can produce realistic waves at a variety of incident angles from a fixed position through sophisticated control instrumentation (hardware and software) allowing tests to be conducted more quickly and more economically. Hardware includes the wave generator, signal conditioning, and transducers. The wave generators used are purchased from commercial vendors and are designed to meet the unique specifications for a particular type of model study. U. S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center Waterways Experiment Station (ERDCWES) has a number of single paddle generators and one 60-paddle DSWG, used in flumes and wave basins. A second DSWG is currently being procured. Signal conditioning and transducers are a combination of commercially available hardware and hardware designed and constructed at ERDCWES. The transducers include wave gages and other sensors with associated electronics for signal conditioning and automated calibration. Software was written by ERDCWES engineers to control the wave and tidal action in the models to reproduce the desired test conditions. This real time software is general enough to control wave, lock, and estuary models with tailoring accomplished by user friendly forms and menus. The software control suite consists of six programs that run concurrently in a preemptive, prioritized environment sharing a common block of system memory under current versions of Windows from Microsoft Corp. of Redmond, WA. Up to 96 actuators may be driven in an open or closed loop manner, while collecting up to 256 channels of analog transducer data. Parallel input/output lines are used to communicate with digital subsystems. A serial port is used to send prototype time to a large digital clock. Up to 32 gages may be displayed while the data is being collected that may represent complex combinations of the acquired data channels. Gages may be defined as needle indicator, bar graph, horizontal oscilloscope, and vertical oscilloscope. The hydraulic model control software (including the graphical subroutines) was written by ERDCWES and is in the public domain. This paper discusses the unique instrumentation developed at ERDCWES for hydraulic model studies. It discusses hardware to move the water and measure its motion at points throughout the model and software to control the hardware and to display and analyze the results. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP McCleave, BW (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-24-6 PY 1999 BP 119 EP 125 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BP25F UT WOS:000084482300017 ER PT B AU Cagney, P AF Cagney, P GP MTS MTS TI Habitat restoration programs of the Army Corps of Engineers: Recovering our nation's marine resources SO OCEANS '99 MTS/IEEE : RIDING THE CREST INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Riding the Crest Into the 21st Century (OCEANS 99) CY SEP 13-16, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Marine Technol Soc, Ocean Engn Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn AB Relatively recent anthropomorphic impacts in the Puget Sound Basin have diminished marine habitat. The effects these impacts have on selected aquatic species including anadromous salmon species have been documented. With the listing of bull trout, chum and chinook salmon under the Endangered Species Act the focus has shifted to recovery of the once prevalent cold water fishery in the region. One important aspect of the recovery of the fishery will be habitat restoration. The Seattle District Corps of Engineers has a variety of restoration authorities that can be utilized in this arena (Water Resource Development Act sections 22, 206, 1135 and General Investigations). Details on how the restoration authorities operate within the Corps, establishment of objectives, how projects are planned, designed and opportunities for partnerships are provided. A few case histories of completed projects and projects that are currently in planning are included to demonstrate how the process works. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Seattle Dist Corps Engineers, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RP Cagney, P (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Seattle Dist Corps Engineers, ERS,POB 3755, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-24-6 PY 1999 BP 833 EP 838 PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BP25F UT WOS:000084482300128 ER PT S AU Lund, DJ Edsall, P AF Lund, DJ Edsall, P BE Rol, PO Joos, KM Manns, F Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Action spectrum for retinal thermal injury SO OPHTHALMIC TECHNOLOGIES IX, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ophthalmic Technologies IX CY JAN 23-25, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc DE laser bioeffects; retinal damage; ocular thresholds; thermal model; action spectrum ID DAMAGE; RADIATION AB The action spectrum for light-induced damage to the retina results from the wavelength dependent transmission of the preretinal ocular media, wavelength dependent absorption in retinal chromophores and chromatic aberration of the eye optics. While various light/tissue interaction mechanisms have been implicated, thermal mechanisms dominate in the red and near-infrared for all exposure durations and in the visible for exposures shorter than a few seconds. A number of investigators have measured the transmission of the eye and the spectra of retinal absorbers, and thermal models based on these data predict the broad features of the action spectrum. Dose/response studies with lasers and incoherent light sources, conducted over the past 10 years mainly validate the thermal models. C1 USA Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Lund, DJ (reprint author), USA Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 7914 A Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3061-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3591 BP 324 EP 334 DI 10.1117/12.350593 PG 11 WC Ophthalmology; Optics SC Ophthalmology; Optics GA BN29D UT WOS:000081436300041 ER PT S AU Ness, JW Zwick, H Lund, DJ Stuck, BE Sliney, DH AF Ness, JW Zwick, H Lund, DJ Stuck, BE Sliney, DH BE Rol, PO Joos, KM Manns, F Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Eye movements during fixation: implications to long-term viewing of small optical sources SO OPHTHALMIC TECHNOLOGIES IX, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ophthalmic Technologies IX CY JAN 23-25, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc DE laser safety; exposure limits; eye fixation; eye movements; laser bioeffects; ocular hazard ID MACULAR OCCLUSION; DAMAGE; LIGHT AB With the easy attainability of hand-held laser devices and burgeoning Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology, safety standards for long-term viewing of continuous light sources are being scrutinized. One concern is with formalizing the effect of head and eye movements on smearing energy from a small optical source over the retina. This experiment describes target motion over the retina as a result of head and eye movements during a deliberate fixation task. Volunteers fixated, with (fettered) and without (unfettered) head and chin rest support, on an LED and laser source that subtended 0.1 minutes of are visual angle. A dual Purkinje Eye-Tracker measured eye position during each 100-second fixation trial; The data showed a non-uniform retinal energy distribution with an elliptical footprint. The major axis was 2 times greater than the minor axis and oriented along the temporal/nasal retinal axis. The average half-maximum diameter measured along the major axis was 42 microns far the fettered and 108 microns for the unfettered condition. Although the eye is not a stable platform, the "smear" of energy over the retina from head and eye movements does not grossly affect spot size. The data suggest that the time dependent spot size correction of the current laser safety standards be more restrictive. C1 US Army Med Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Ness, JW (reprint author), US Army Med Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3061-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3591 BP 344 EP 350 DI 10.1117/12.350595 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology; Optics SC Ophthalmology; Optics GA BN29D UT WOS:000081436300043 ER PT S AU Li, G Zwick, H Tribble, J Ness, J Lund, DJ Reddix, M AF Li, G Zwick, H Tribble, J Ness, J Lund, DJ Reddix, M BE Rol, PO Joos, KM Manns, F Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI On and off axis confocal double pass measurements of the point spread function in the human eye SO OPHTHALMIC TECHNOLOGIES IX, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ophthalmic Technologies IX CY JAN 23-25, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc DE confocal; double pass; point spread function; asymmetrical; Stiles-Crawford effect I; human eye AB The confocal principle was applied to double pass method to measure the point spread function (PSF) of the human eye and an artificial eye, and to improve the ratio of signal to noise of retinal images. The double-pass PSFs of four human eyes on and off the optical axis of the eyes were measured. The off-axis double pass PSF in the human eye along vertical and horizontal direction is asymmetrical. When the subject looks left on the horizontal off axis, the PSF appears right of the optical axis of the subject eye. When the subject looks right the PSF is located left of the optical axis. The location of the PSF on the vertical off axis appears above the optical axis when the subject looks up. When the subject looks down the double pass PSF is located below the axis. The PSFs of the human eye recorded at varying off-axis angles are presented. Asymmetrical results suggest a more dynamic process in the optical system of the eye perhaps driven by the complicated outer or inner ocular structure. C1 US Army Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Li, G (reprint author), US Army Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3061-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3591 BP 351 EP 358 DI 10.1117/12.350596 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology; Optics SC Ophthalmology; Optics GA BN29D UT WOS:000081436300044 ER PT S AU Zwick, H Elliott, R Li, G Akers, A Edsall, PR Stuck, BE AF Zwick, H Elliott, R Li, G Akers, A Edsall, PR Stuck, BE BE Rol, PO Joos, KM Manns, F Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI In-vivo imaging of photoreceptor structure and laser injury pathophysiology in the snake eye SO OPHTHALMIC TECHNOLOGIES IX, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ophthalmic Technologies IX CY JAN 23-25, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc DE in vivo photoreceptor imaging; laser eye damage; vertebrate eye; vision; ophthalmoscopy; photoreceptor orientation; oxidative stress; leukocytes ID DAMAGE AB Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (CSLO) combined with the high numerical aperture of the snake eye was used to evaluate laser injury at the photoreceptor and vascular retinal layers. An Argon laser source focused within a 35 micron retinal spot was used to produce a range of exposures from 152 to 1000 mu joules in the retinas of the Checkered Garter and Great Plains Rat snake. Anesthesia was induced with ketamine and xylazine. In vivo exposure sites measured post exposure showed unique photoreceptor damage characterized by surviving photoreceptors that were highly reflective and saturated, swollen and revealed more complex mode structure than normal photoreceptors when imaged under higher magnification. Evidence of oxidative stress was observed in photoreceptor cells peripheral to the lesion site as a late developing fluorescence (1-2 hour post exposure) following injection of Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, a marker of oxidative stress. At the anterior retina, acute exposure produced "'sticky" blood cells, identified as leukocytes with Acridine orange. These findings indicate that laser retinal injury in large eyes, such as the human eye may involve pathophysiological cellular dynamics in both posterior and anterior retina and in normal retina adjacent to lesion sites. Photoreceptor movement outside the lesion site may relate to alterations in photoreceptor orientation and the efficiency of the photoreceptors quantal catch. C1 TASC Inc, US Naval Med Res Detachment, US Army Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Zwick, H (reprint author), TASC Inc, US Naval Med Res Detachment, US Army Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3061-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3591 BP 368 EP 374 DI 10.1117/12.350599 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology; Optics SC Ophthalmology; Optics GA BN29D UT WOS:000081436300046 ER PT S AU Zwick, H Stuck, BE Scales, DK Brown, J Ness, J AF Zwick, H Stuck, BE Scales, DK Brown, J Ness, J BE Rol, PO Joos, KM Manns, F Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Longitudinal evaluation of selected human laser eye accident cases SO OPHTHALMIC TECHNOLOGIES IX, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ophthalmic Technologies IX CY JAN 23-25, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc DE laser retinal damage; fovea; Pseudofovea; visual acuity; contrast sensitivity; scanning laser ophthalmoscopy; optical coherence tomography; fixation eye movements ID DAMAGE AB Two Q-switched military accident cases involving foveal retinal damage were followed for at lease two years with a variety of morphological and functional diagnostic techniques. Both cases demonstrated remarkable recovery of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity within 1 to 4 months post exposure. Early deficits in visual acuity, sine wave contrast sensitivity, various measures of color vision, and focal electrophysiological measures all showed remarkable recovery. With the use of a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO), we were able to further evaluate the retinal preference threshold contrast targets and found that small targets requiring foveal resolution were initially placed superior and slightly temporal to the damaged fovea in these eyes, even though, visual acuity in these eyes was 20/15 or better. In one of these cases, a return to foveal functionality was demonstrated even though the fovea appeared lightly scarred small, test targets were placed at its center for detection. In the second case, the PRL stayed superior temporal. Attempts to force target resolution in this area were unsuccessful. These findings suggest a more active role of neural retinal. plasticity in the damage recovery process as well as caution in assuming that all such injuries will exhibit such plasticity. C1 US Army Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Zwick, H (reprint author), US Army Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3061-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3591 BP 386 EP 393 DI 10.1117/12.350601 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology; Optics SC Ophthalmology; Optics GA BN29D UT WOS:000081436300048 ER PT S AU Hoxie, SW Ness, JW Zwick, H Stuck, BE AF Hoxie, SW Ness, JW Zwick, H Stuck, BE BE Rol, PO Joos, KM Manns, F Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Laser accident and incident registry (LAIR) SO OPHTHALMIC TECHNOLOGIES IX, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ophthalmic Technologies IX CY JAN 23-25, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc DE human laser eye injury; database; laser eye safety; laser eye diagnostics; laser; retina; software AB Laser accidents and incidents are an unfortunate but nevertheless critical source of information far those involved in laser safety standards, medical research and training. Laser safety standards are based on quantitative animal research as well as lessons learned from retinal injury induced by accidental human laser exposure. Laser accident case analyses provide important functional and treatment guidelines that help establish laser safety standards. The LAIR helps scientists and clinicians integrate and organize their respective contributions to laser safety and medical prognosis and treatment of laser eye injuries. This paper defines the scope and means of data collection, distribution, presentation and analysis implemented in LAIR. C1 US Army Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Hoxie, SW (reprint author), US Army Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3061-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3591 BP 402 EP 406 DI 10.1117/12.350603 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology; Optics SC Ophthalmology; Optics GA BN29D UT WOS:000081436300050 ER PT S AU Schuschereba, ST Cross, ME Scales, DK Pizarro, JM Edsall, PR Stuck, BE Marshall, J AF Schuschereba, ST Cross, ME Scales, DK Pizarro, JM Edsall, PR Stuck, BE Marshall, J BE Rol, PO Joos, KM Manns, F Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI High dose methylprednisolone treatment of laser-induced retinal injury exacerbates acute inflammation and long-term scarring SO OPHTHALMIC TECHNOLOGIES IX, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ophthalmic Technologies IX CY JAN 23-25, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc DE retina; laser; injury; treatment; inflammation; scarring; glucocorticoids; hydroxyethyl starch deferoxamine ID SPINAL-CORD INJURY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; HUMAN NEUTROPHILS; GROWTH-FACTOR; RAT; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; ACTIVATION; BRAIN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; PHOTORECEPTORS AB To evaluate therapeutics for attenuating retinal laser injury. Methods. New Zealand Red rabbits (n=76) were pretreated (IV) with either a single dose of hydroxyethyl starch conjugated deferoxamine (HES-DFO, n=29) (6-1 ml/kg, 16.4 mg/ml) or methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MP, n=22) (30 mg/kg, followed by taper of 30, 20, 20, and 10 mg/kg/day for a total of 5d). Controls were untreated (n=25). Fifteen min later, animals were irradiated with a multiline cw argon laser (285mW, 10 msec pulse durations, 16 lesions/eye). Funduscopy, fluorescein angiography, histology, and morphometry were performed at 10 min, 1h, 3h, 24h, 1 mo, and 6 mo after irradiation. Leukocytes were counted at lesion centers for retinal and choroidal compartments at 1., 3, and 24h. Results. At 3h, percent area increase for the lesions was highest for MP (44%) and lowest: for HES-DFO (16%) (p<0.05). In hemorrhagic lesions, MP treatment resulted in the highest increase of retinal neutrophils by 24h (p<0.05), and by 1 and 6 mo extensive chorio-retinal scarring occurred in nonhemorrhagic and hemorrhagic lesions. Also, no benefit was demonstrated on sparing of photoreceptors with MP treatment. Conclusions. Treatment of laser-induced retinal injury with MP exacerbates acute inflammation and long-term chorio-retinal scarring; however, HES-DFO therapy ameliorates these aspects of injury. Data suggest caution in the use of MP therapy for laser injuries. C1 US Army Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Schuschereba, ST (reprint author), US Army Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3061-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3591 BP 430 EP 447 DI 10.1117/12.350605 PG 18 WC Ophthalmology; Optics SC Ophthalmology; Optics GA BN29D UT WOS:000081436300053 ER PT J AU Grycewicz, TJ AF Grycewicz, TJ TI Techniques to improve binary joint transform correlator performance for fingerprint recognition SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE binary joint transform correlator; alternating threshold; constant false alarm rate ID SPATIAL LIGHT-MODULATOR; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTRUM AB Two techniques are presented to improve the performance of a binary joint transform correlator system for fingerprint recognition. Use of a Fourier plane binarization threshold that alternates between even and odd rows is shown to reduce noise in the output plane and to improve discrimination between matched and unmatched prints. Periodically correlating with a known standard input and normalizing the output peak intensity prevents correlator performance drift from degrading fingerprint recognition performance. Experimental system performance is assessed statistically in terms of the false pass rate seen when operating with a constant false alarm rate. By applying both techniques, a false pass improvement by a factor of almost 100 is experimentally demonstrated at a false alarm rate of 0.1%, (C) 1999 Socieiy of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(99)01301-X]. C1 Def Contract Management Command, Sunnyvale, CA 94088 USA. USA, Res Lab, Rome Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Grycewicz, TJ (reprint author), Def Contract Management Command, POB 3504, Sunnyvale, CA 94088 USA. EM tgrycewicz@dcmdw.dla.mil NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 38 IS 1 BP 114 EP 119 DI 10.1117/1.602066 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 157XY UT WOS:000078088000016 ER PT S AU Kransteuber, AS Gregory, DA AF Kransteuber, AS Gregory, DA BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI CCD LCD holographic recording and display SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition X CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE - Int Soc Opt Engn DE holography; real-time holography; optical processing; optical correlator AB The combination of a high resolution charge-coupled device camera and a phase modulating liquid crystal array allows realtime holographic (interference) fringes to be detected and displayed. The original object may then be reconstructed optically. A modified Mach-Zehnder (Leith-Upatnieks) architecture is utilized for producing the required small object-to-reference beam angle. The hologram is updated and reconstructed at television field rates. Several analog reconstructions are presented as examples of the performance of the simple system. If the input scene is optically Fourier transformed, the system may be used to produce real-time Fourier transform matched filters. These filters can be displayed immediately in an optical correlator for pattern recognition applications. C1 USA, AMCOM, AMSAM, DSA,ATC, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Kransteuber, AS (reprint author), USA, AMCOM, AMSAM, DSA,ATC, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3189-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3715 BP 160 EP 165 DI 10.1117/12.341297 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BM94Q UT WOS:000080212700017 ER PT S AU Johnson, JL Taylor, JR AF Johnson, JL Taylor, JR BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI K-factor image factorization SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition X CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE - Int Soc Opt Engn DE pulses; neural networks; products; image factorization; shadow removal ID FUSION AB A new computational paradigm is introduced. Other image representations such as Fourier transforms and wavelet decompositions depend on linear superposition of basis functions. The k-factor image factorization reduces an image into a finite or infinite set of contrast-ordered images whose joint product reproduces the original image. It is experimentally found that shadows and noise often fall into factors disjoint from the "pure" image. The analytical foundations of the k-factor method are given, followed by full factorizations and reconstructions, and future research directions are described that include shadow removal, speckle reduction, medical and military image analysis, and commercial applications. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM, RD,WS,PL, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Johnson, JL (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM, RD,WS,PL, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3189-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3715 BP 166 EP 174 DI 10.1117/12.341298 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BM94Q UT WOS:000080212700018 ER PT S AU Kirsch, JC Jones, BK Crowe, WM AF Kirsch, JC Jones, BK Crowe, WM BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI New architectures and components for optical target recognition at the US Army Aviation & Missile Command SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition X CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE - Int Soc Opt Engn DE spatial light modulator; quantum well devices; electro-optical devices; optical image correlation; Vander Lugt correlator; optical processing architectures ID SPATIAL LIGHT-MODULATOR AB Poor performance in key components has limited the development of optical target recognition systems. New components are now available, however, that exhibit size and speed characteristics compatible with image processing applications. The U. S. Army Aviation & Missile Command has recently begun a program to exploit the new devices for both homing and imagery analysis applications. New architectures and algorithms which exploit the modulation characteristics of the new devices are being developed and tested. Part of the program is also aimed at funding improvements in the devices to better meet the requirements for optical target recognition. This paper will discuss the overall program, specific devices under consideration, and present the architectures and algorithms under development. Any experimental results available at the time will also be presented, with more detailed results to be presented at a later conference. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM, RD,WS,PL, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Kirsch, JC (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM, RD,WS,PL, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3189-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3715 BP 228 EP 235 DI 10.1117/12.341326 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BM94Q UT WOS:000080212700024 ER PT S AU Ricklin, JC Davidson, FM AF Ricklin, JC Davidson, FM BE Kohnle, A Gonglewski, JD TI Optical communication link with an adaptive transmitter based on interference metric optimization SO OPTICS IN ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION AND ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems III CY SEP 23-24, 1999 CL FLORENCE, ITALY SP Univ Florence, Dept Earth Sci, European Opt Soc, SPIE, CNR, NASA, Italian Soc Opt & Photon, Italian Space Agcy DE laser communication; optical communication; adaptive optics; optical turbulence; scintillation ID ELECTROMAGNETIC BEAM PROPAGATION; LASER COMMUNICATIONS; TURBULENT MEDIA; SATELLITE; SYSTEM AB Adaptive optical systems used to date for laser communication applications have been based on adaptive optics technology specifically developed for astronomical imaging, where intensity fluctuations are considerably smaller than those encountered by ground-to-ground (or ground-to-space) lasercom systems. These adaptive optical systems are based on direct wavefront measurements (Hartman-Shack sensor, shearing interferometers, etc.) and the wavefront conjugation principle. Tn the presence of strong intensity fluctuations these types of systems perform poorly. Here we propose an optical communication link with an adaptive transmitter based on optimization of a beam quality metric that can be measured using a corner-cube interferometer. This beam quality metric is examined to determine its suitability for use in an adaptive laser communication system. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ricklin, JC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Davidson, Frederic /A-3273-2010 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3461-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3866 BP 192 EP 197 DI 10.1117/12.371325 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BP46D UT WOS:000085206200021 ER PT B AU Liu, J Stead, MR Pham, J Chang, W Simonis, GJ Koley, B Amarnath, K Wasiczko, L Datta, M Dagenais, M AF Liu, J Stead, MR Pham, J Chang, W Simonis, GJ Koley, B Amarnath, K Wasiczko, L Datta, M Dagenais, M GP OSA OSA OSA TI Imaging and hyper-spectral behavior of flip-chip CMOS-driven 956 nm back-emitting vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser array SO OPTICS IN COMPUTING, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Computing CY APR 13-16, 1999 CL ASPEN, CO SP Opt Soc Amer AB The output mode, polarization, and The corresponding spatial and spectral distribution of a flip-chip bonded CMOS-driven 8x8 VCSEL array were studied using imaging spectroscopy. RedC shifted spectral re-distribution was found for VCSELs operated under the collective condition. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-588-9 PY 1999 BP 221 EP 223 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BT86L UT WOS:000174272000065 ER PT S AU Hobson, ST Zieba, J Prasad, PN Shea, KJ AF Hobson, ST Zieba, J Prasad, PN Shea, KJ BE Kippelen, B Lackritz, HS Claus, RO TI Bridged polysilsesquioxanes with improved second order nonlinear optical properties and stability SO ORGANIC NONLINEAR OPTICAL MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium F on Organic Nonlinear Optical Materials and Devices, at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 06-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID POLYMERS; XEROGELS AB We report the synthesis and sol-gel polymerization of 4-nitro-N,N-bis[(3-triethoxysilyl)propyI]aniline 1. An efficient synthesis of the monomer was developed by the hydrosilylation of N, N-diallyl-4-nitroaniline. Optical quality thin films were synthesized by spin coating an n-butanol solution of 1 using formic acid as catalyst and source of water. We improved the temporal stability of the NLO signal from films prepared from 4-nitro-N,N-bis[(3-triethoxysilyl)propyl]aniline by increasing the intensity of the poling field and extending the heating period during the poling/curing stage. By Maker fringe analysis, a chi((2)) value of 9 x 10(-8) esu was measured for these polysilsesquioxanes. If one assumes that the major component of the NLO effect is along the z-axis, the chi((2)) value corresponds to a d(33) coefficient of 18.9 pm/V and a r(33) value of 4.7 pm/V. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Hobson, ST (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-468-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 561 BP 21 EP 28 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Optics; Polymer Science GA BN69D UT WOS:000082590800004 ER PT B AU Sullivan, G AF Sullivan, G BE Hunt, JG Dodge, GE Wong, L TI Foreword: From theory to practice SO OUT-OF-THE-BOX LEADERSHIP: TRANSFORMING THE TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY ARMY AND OTHER TOP-PERFORMING ORGANIZATIONS SE MONOGRAPHS IN LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Out of the Box Leadership - Transforming the 21st Century Army and Other Top Performing Organizations CY MAR 27-28, 1996 CL 1ST INFANTRY DIV, WHEATON, IL SP Army Res Inst Behavioral & Social Sci HO 1ST INFANTRY DIV C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAI PRESS INC PI STAMFORD PA 100 PROSPECT STREET, STAMFORD, CT 06901-1640 USA BN 0-7623-0548-7 J9 MONOGR LEAD MANAGE PY 1999 VL 1 BP XV EP XXIII PG 9 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA BM78M UT WOS:000079757000002 ER PT B AU Wong, L Duran, CA AF Wong, L Duran, CA BE Hunt, JG Dodge, GE Wong, L TI Postscript: Leadership and organizational overtones of the twenty-first-century Army SO OUT-OF-THE-BOX LEADERSHIP: TRANSFORMING THE TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY ARMY AND OTHER TOP-PERFORMING ORGANIZATIONS SE MONOGRAPHS IN LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Out of the Box Leadership - Transforming the 21st Century Army and Other Top Performing Organizations CY MAR 27-28, 1996 CL 1ST INFANTRY DIV, WHEATON, IL SP Army Res Inst Behavioral & Social Sci HO 1ST INFANTRY DIV C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Social Sci, Off Econ & Manpower Anal, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAI PRESS INC PI STAMFORD PA 100 PROSPECT STREET, STAMFORD, CT 06901-1640 USA BN 0-7623-0548-7 J9 MONOGR LEAD MANAGE PY 1999 VL 1 BP 277 EP 283 PG 7 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA BM78M UT WOS:000079757000016 ER PT B AU Reimer, DJ AF Reimer, DJ BE Hunt, JG Dodge, GE Wong, L TI Afterword: Leadership SO OUT-OF-THE-BOX LEADERSHIP: TRANSFORMING THE TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY ARMY AND OTHER TOP-PERFORMING ORGANIZATIONS SE MONOGRAPHS IN LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Out of the Box Leadership - Transforming the 21st Century Army and Other Top Performing Organizations CY MAR 27-28, 1996 CL 1ST INFANTRY DIV, WHEATON, IL SP Army Res Inst Behavioral & Social Sci HO 1ST INFANTRY DIV C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAI PRESS INC PI STAMFORD PA 100 PROSPECT STREET, STAMFORD, CT 06901-1640 USA BN 0-7623-0548-7 J9 MONOGR LEAD MANAGE PY 1999 VL 1 BP 285 EP 295 PG 11 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA BM78M UT WOS:000079757000017 ER PT B AU Ballou, WR Kester, KE Stoute, JA Heppner, DG AF Ballou, WR Kester, KE Stoute, JA Heppner, DG BE Coluzzi, M TI Malaria vaccines: triumphs or tribulations? SO PARASSITOLOGIA, VOL 41, NOS 1-3, SEPTEMBER 1999 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Malariology Centenary Conference on the Malaria Challenge After One Hundred Years of Malariology CY NOV 16-19, 1998 CL ACAD NAZL LINCEI, ROME, ITALY SP Acad Nazl Lincei, Royal Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Soc Italiana Parassitol HO ACAD NAZL LINCEI DE malaria vaccines; sporozoites; pre-erythrocytic; malaria control; Plasmodium falciparum ID SPOROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-2; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM SPOROZOITES; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE-PROTEIN; DNA VACCINE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; RODENT MALARIA; EFFICACY TRIAL AB A safe and effective malaria vaccine will greatly facilitate efforts to control the global spread of malaria. This paper discusses the conceptual framework for developing malaria vaccines and some of the difficulties that the various approaches face. It emphasizes the role of pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccines, which are designed to protect against malaria infection, rather than simply prevent clinical disease. It describes recent encouraging results in human subjects with the RTS,S vaccine, a promising pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine candidate. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Ballou, WR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011 OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802 NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LOMBARDO EDITORE PI 00161 ROME PA VIA VERONA 22, 00161 ROME, ITALY PY 1999 BP 403 EP 408 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA BQ03E UT WOS:000086914700066 ER PT S AU Nemarich, J Cassidy, TW Shiner, R Agravante, H Dixon, D Moffa, P Quon, B Yujiri, L Dahlstrom, R AF Nemarich, J Cassidy, TW Shiner, R Agravante, H Dixon, D Moffa, P Quon, B Yujiri, L Dahlstrom, R BE Smith, RM TI Millimeter wave brightness temperatures of military vehicles SO PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology III CY APR 07, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE millimeter waves; radiometry; passive millimeter wave images; millimeter wave brightness temperatures of; military vehicles AB Millimeter wave (MMW) radiometers operating at 97 and 140 GHz were used to obtain passive MMW images and brightness temperatures of military vehicles at various altitudes and depression angles. The line-scanning radiometer system used for the measurements is described and several passive MMW images ate presented. The upper-bound MMW brightness temperatures of a number of different types of vehicles in an open area were determined and shown to have similar values at various depression angles. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nemarich, J (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3177-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3703 BP 88 EP 101 DI 10.1117/12.352994 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN53H UT WOS:000082158200010 ER PT S AU Wikner, DA Pizzillo, TJ AF Wikner, DA Pizzillo, TJ BE Smith, RM TI Measurement of nadir and near-nadir 94-GHz brightness temperatures of several tactical-scene clutter types SO PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology III CY APR 07, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE millimeter-wave; radiometry; emissivity; clutter; asphalt; vegetation; roof AB The authors present 94-GHz radiometric brightness temperatures of various clutter materials at nadir. The clutter materials measured include field vegetation, asphalt pavement, and an asphalt shingle roof and data is presented for each clutter type. We also report measurements that quantify the effect of water on the brightness temperature of metal. These measurements were made by adding calibrated quantities of water to a metal plate while recording the plate's millimeter-wave (MMW) brightness temperature. Off-nadir data out to 45 deg is also presented for the field vegetation and asphalt pavement. Using a simple rough scattering model for the materials, we made estimates of the emissivity of the field vegetation and asphalt. The emissivity of the roof was determined by measuring its brightness temperature as it was heated. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE RM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wikner, DA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE RM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3177-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3703 BP 102 EP 113 DI 10.1117/12.352995 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN53H UT WOS:000082158200011 ER PT S AU Silverstein, JD AF Silverstein, JD BE Smith, RM TI Resolution and resolution improvement of passive millimeter-wave images SO PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology III CY APR 07, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE passive millimerter-wave; algorithm; resolution; superresolution AB Measured and simulated passive millimeter-wave images of a simple target pattern were processed with Two-Mu, a linear, noniterative restoration algorithm. Decisions about whether the RAM pattern objects were sufficiently visible against a metallic background to be recognized were made by visually inspecting the images. This allowed quantitative measures to be made of the resolution improvement afforded by Two-Mu, as a function of scene oversampling for various target ranges and radiometer apertures. Improvements by factors up to 1.25 and 1.45 were found for images and analog plots, respectively, of cuts through images, respectively. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE RM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Silverstein, JD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE RM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3177-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3703 BP 140 EP 154 DI 10.1117/12.352999 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN53H UT WOS:000082158200015 ER PT J AU Person, DA AF Person, DA TI Juvenile dermatomyositis SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Person, DA (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 1999 VL 103 IS 1 BP 194 EP 195 DI 10.1542/peds.103.1.194 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 157KW UT WOS:000078060900051 PM 9988629 ER PT B AU Turk, JM AF Turk, JM BE Eldridge, D Freudenberger, D TI In de-fence of the range: USAID's experience in rangeland development projects SO PEOPLE AND RANGELANDS BUILDING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT VIth International Rangeland Congress CY JUL 19-23, 1999 CL TOWNSVILLE, AUSTRALIA SP USDA ARS, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, US Dept Interior Bur Land Management, Australian Fed Consortium, Agr Fisheries & Forestry, Australian Fed Consortium Rural Ind Res & Dev Corp, Cooperative Res Ctr Sustainable Dev Trop Savannas, CSIRO Trop Agr, Dept For Int Dev, FAO, Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Australian Agcy Int Dev, Australian Rangeland Soc, UN Environm Program, Agr, WA, CSIRO Wildlife & Ecol, Grassland Soc SO Africa, NSW Agr, NSW Dept Land & Water Conservat, Soc Range Management, Int Conf Support Scheme, Townsville City Council & Townsville Enterprise, Univ NSW, Univ SO Queensland C1 USA, Int Dev, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Turk, JM (reprint author), USA, Int Dev, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU VI INT RANGELAND CONGRESS INC PI AITKENVALE PA PO BOX 764, AITKENVALE, QLD 4814, AUSTRALIA BN 0-9577394-0-0 PY 1999 BP 1055 EP 1060 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BP58M UT WOS:000085573000480 ER PT B AU Turbyfill, KR Oaks, EV AF Turbyfill, KR Oaks, EV BE Tam, JP Kaumaya, PTP TI Antigenic domains of Shigella virulence proteins SO PEPTIDES: FRONTIERS OF PEPTIDES SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th American Peptide Symposium CY JUN 14-19, 1997 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Amer Peptide Soc, Vanderbilt Univ ID INVASION PLASMID ANTIGENS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; FLEXNERI 2A; PRODUCTS C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Turbyfill, KR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5160-6 PY 1999 BP 783 EP 784 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BP45W UT WOS:000085202200341 ER PT J AU Schuster, BG Jackson, JE Obijiofor, CN Okunji, CO Milhous, W Losos, E Ayafor, JF Iwu, MM AF Schuster, BG Jackson, JE Obijiofor, CN Okunji, CO Milhous, W Losos, E Ayafor, JF Iwu, MM TI Drug development and conservation of biodiversity in West and Central Africa: A model for collaboration with indigenous people SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Africa; ICBG; drug development; malaria; leishmaniasis; antiviral; natural products; sustainable development; biodiversity conservation; intellectual property rights AB The main focus of the African ICBG project is the establishment of an integrated program for the discovery of biologically active plants for drug development and biodiversity conservation, and at the same time ensure that local communities and source countries derive maximum benefits for their biological resources and their intellectual contribution. Although the project has three main sub-themes (biodiversity conservation, sustainable development and drug discovery), integration was emphasized from the conception of the program and has remained a fundamental point in the execution of various projects under this program. As a result. the African ICBG program differs in many ways from similar projects elsewhere. The African ICBG is a collaboration of the Waiter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC (WRAIR), Bioresources Development and Conservation programme (BDCP), the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. and nine other institutions in Cameroon. Nigeria and the United States of America. Scientists front the participating developing countries are involved in all aspects of the program so that information, principles and procedures developed during this work will be internalized in Africa and extended beyond the duration of the proposed project. The drug discovery component has yielded many lead compounds with potential for the treatment of malaria, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, trichomonas, opportunistic infections, AIDS and other viral infections. Activity of some of the compounds is being optimized through chemical modifications. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Bioresources Dev & Conservat Programme, Silver Spring, MD USA. Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Dschang, Fac Sci, Dschang, Cameroon. Bioresources Dev & Conservat Programme, Nsukka, Nigeria. RP Schuster, BG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PY 1999 VL 37 SU S BP 84 EP 99 DI 10.1076/1388-0209(200010)37:SUP;1-W;FT084 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 375MC UT WOS:000165402200007 ER PT J AU Wagner, GW Maciver, BK Rohrbaugh, DK Yang, YC AF Wagner, GW Maciver, BK Rohrbaugh, DK Yang, YC TI Thermal degradation of bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide (mustard gas) SO PHOSPHORUS SULFUR AND SILICON AND THE RELATED ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE mustard; mustard gas; mustard heels; thermal degradation; sulfonium ions AB The thermal degradation of mustard gas (ClCH2CH2SCH2CH2Cl, "HD"), with and without 5% added water, is examined. GC/MS, LC/MS and NMR were employed to comprehensively analyze the products. After 75 days at 90 degrees C, 91% HD remains (80% with 5% water). After 40 days at 140 degrees C, 30% HD remains (24% with 5% water) and black "tar" precipitates form. The apparent E-a is 22.4 kcal/mol. Major products include Q (ClCH2CH2SCH2CH2SCH2CH2Cl) 1,2-dichloroethane, polysulfides and 1,4-dithiane. With 5% water, oxygenates such as 1,4-thioxane and 2-chloroethanol are produced as are numerous sulfonium ions, including S-(2-chlorethyl)-1,4-dithianium, a major component of "mustard heels." The decomposition does nor go to completion due to the equilibrium nature of the reaction at these temperatures. C1 Geoctr Inc, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, ERDEC, Res & Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USARDSG UK, USA European Res Off, FPO, AE 09499 USA. RP Wagner, GW (reprint author), Geoctr Inc, Gunpowder Branch Box 68, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 5 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1042-6507 J9 PHOSPHORUS SULFUR JI Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem. PY 1999 VL 152 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.1080/10426509908031618 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 258YR UT WOS:000083867700007 ER PT J AU Rohrbaugh, DK Berg, FJ Szafraniec, LJ Rossman, DI Durst, HD Munavalli, S AF Rohrbaugh, DK Berg, FJ Szafraniec, LJ Rossman, DI Durst, HD Munavalli, S TI Synthesis and mass spectral characterization of diisopropylamino-ethanethiol, -sulfides and -disulfides and vinyl sulfides SO PHOSPHORUS SULFUR AND SILICON AND THE RELATED ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE vinylsulfides; sulfur containing ethylenes; GC-MS-CI and -EI; free radical mechanism; VX degradation products ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHEMICAL IONIZATION; SULFUR VESICANTS; SPECTROMETRY; TABUN; BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)DISULFIDE; IDENTIFICATION; REAGENTS AB The sulfur containing chemical agent, O-ethyl-S-2-(diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothiolate (VX), is an extremely potent inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase and exhibits extended neurological effects. It undergoes degradation on standing alone or in the environment. Hence, identification of its primary degradation products assumes considerable importance. The synthesis and mass spectral fragmentation behavior of the title compounds, some of which are present in the VX degradation products, has not received much attention. This communication describes the synthesis and mass spectral characterization of the title compounds. C1 Geoctr Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Munavalli, S (reprint author), Geoctr Inc, Gunpowder Branch, POB 68, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1042-6507 J9 PHOSPHORUS SULFUR JI Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem. PY 1999 VL 149 BP 95 EP 106 DI 10.1080/10426509908037026 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 244BX UT WOS:000083032900011 ER PT S AU Tidrow, MZ Beck, WA Clark, WW Pollehn, HK Little, JW Dhar, NK Leavitt, RP Kennerly, SW Beekman, DW Goldberg, AC Dyer, WR AF Tidrow, MZ Beck, WA Clark, WW Pollehn, HK Little, JW Dhar, NK Leavitt, RP Kennerly, SW Beekman, DW Goldberg, AC Dyer, WR BE Brown, GJ Razeghi, M TI Device physics and focal plane array applications of QWIP and MCT SO PHOTODETECTORS: MATERIALS AND DEVICES IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photodetectors - Materials and Devices IV CY JAN 27-29, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Denfense Adv Res Projects Agcy DE IR detectors; HgCdTe; QWIP; focal plane arrays; multicolor IR detection; low backgound ID WELL INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS; DETECTOR TECHNOLOGY; HGCDTE; PERFORMANCE AB Infrared sensor technology is critical to many commercial and military defense applications. Traditionally, cooled infrared material systems such as indium antimonide, platinum silicide, mercury cadmium telluride, and arsenic doped silicon (Si:As) have dominated infrared detection. Improvement in surveillance sensors and interceptor seekers requires large size, highly uniform, and multicolor IR focal plane arrays involving medium wave, long wave, and very long wave IR regions. Among the competing technologies are the quantum well infrared photodetectors based on lattice matched or strained m-V material systems. This paper discusses cooled IR technology with emphasis on QWIP and MCT. Details will be given concerning device physics, material growth, device fabrication, device performance, and cost effectiveness for LWIR, VLWIR, and multicolor focal plane array applications. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tidrow, MZ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3099-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3629 BP 100 EP 113 DI 10.1117/12.344591 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BN06E UT WOS:000080521800008 ER PT J AU Lu, G Kioussis, N Wu, R Ciftan, M AF Lu, G Kioussis, N Wu, R Ciftan, M TI First-principles studies of the Sigma 5 tilt grain boundary in Ni3Al SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; ORDERED ALLOYS; BORON; AL; EMBRITTLEMENT; SEGREGATION; COHESION; MODEL; IRON; NI AB The atomic and the electronic structures of the Sigma 5 (210) [001] tilt grain boundary in Ni3Al, with and without a hydrogen impurity, have been calculated using the full potential linearized-augmented plane-wave method. The strain held normal to the boundary plane and the excess grain boundary volume are calculated and compared with the results obtained using the embedded-atom method (EAM). The interlayer strain normal to the grain boundary oscillates with increasing distance from the grain boundary. The bonding charge distributions suggest that bonding in the boundary region is different from that in the bulk. Total-energy calculations show that the hydrogen impurity prefers to occupy interstitial sites on the Ni-rich grain boundary plane. Hydrogen is found to reduce the bonding charge across the boundary plane. The grain boundary energy and the Griffith cohesive energy for both the "clean" and H-segregated grain boundary are calculated and compared with the available EAM results. The hydrogen impurity is found to increase the grain boundary energy and reduce the Griffith cohesive energy of the boundary, which indicates that hydrogen is an embrittler of the grain boundary. [S0163-1829(98)04245-3]. C1 Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. USA, Res Off, Div Phys, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lu, G (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. RI Wu, Ruqian/C-1395-2013 OI Wu, Ruqian/0000-0002-6156-7874 NR 31 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 2 BP 891 EP 898 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.891 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 158JE UT WOS:000078111600029 ER PT B AU Koester, JP AF Koester, JP BE Lade, PV Yamamuro, JA TI Triggering and post-liquefaction strength issues in fine-grained soils SO PHYSICS AND MECHANICS OF SOIL LIQUEFACTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on the Physics and Mechanics of Soil Liquefaction CY SEP 10-11, 1998 CL BALTIMORE, MD ID EARTHQUAKES AB Fines are believed to affect both cyclic strength and penetration resistance of soils, and the interrelationship is not well understood. Since observations during strong earthquakes in China and publication of so-called "Chinese Criteria" in 1979, some clayey silts or silty clays are considered susceptible to strength loss during shaking, even leading to liquefaction. Clayey and silty mixtures containing between 15 and 25 percent fines of varying consistency are worthy of a little extra conservatism; their residual strength may be only 5 or less percent of their peak shear strength, and they do not behave dilatively. The beneficial contribution of plasticity to the cyclic strength of fine-grained soils is very slight. Gradation appears to be a more influential factor with triggering of liquefaction; consistency limits may be better correlatable to post-liquefaction strength. Reduction in shear strength from peak to residual was found to be less with increased fines content and plasticity. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Corps Engineers, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM koestej@mail.wes.army.mil NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-038-8 PY 1999 BP 79 EP 89 PG 11 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BM69Z UT WOS:000079530500007 ER PT B AU Evans, MD Rollins, KM AF Evans, MD Rollins, KM BE Lade, PV Yamamuro, JA TI Developments in gravelly soil liquefaction and dynamic behavior SO PHYSICS AND MECHANICS OF SOIL LIQUEFACTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on the Physics and Mechanics of Soil Liquefaction CY SEP 10-11, 1998 CL BALTIMORE, MD AB This paper presents a critical look at gravelly soil liquefaction and dynamic behavior from the laboratory perspective: (1) Undrained cyclic triaxial testing may reliably predict cyclic behavior if membrane compliance is eliminated. Membrane compliance mitigation procedures are briefly described. (2) Loose, uniformly-graded gravel may have similar cyclic strength as sand. Differences in stress-strain behavior, axial strain, and pore pressure ratio are illustrated for soils with different gravel contents. Scalping may be effective but also may lead to underestimating liquefaction potential. (3) Shear moduli and damping ratios are presented for gravelly soils. Shear modulus, normalized shear modulus, and damping curves are developed to define their variation with shear strain from a compilation of studies. (4) Finally, preliminary results from large-scale pressure chamber tests on gravel are discussed. Data will be available from SPT tests, shear wave velocity measurements, and cone penetration tests performed on gravel specimens in the pressure chamber. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Evans, MD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-038-8 PY 1999 BP 91 EP 102 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BM69Z UT WOS:000079530500008 ER PT B AU Hynes, ME Olsen, RS AF Hynes, ME Olsen, RS BE Lade, PV Yamamuro, JA TI Influence of confining stress on liquefaction resistance SO PHYSICS AND MECHANICS OF SOIL LIQUEFACTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on the Physics and Mechanics of Soil Liquefaction CY SEP 10-11, 1998 CL BALTIMORE, MD AB The confining stress factor K-sigma is used in liquefaction evaluations to extend empirical charts for liquefaction resistance to confining stresses higher than the empirical field-performance database, approximately 1 atm. Estimates of K-sigma from Harder (1988) and Hynes (1988) indicated relatively large reductions in liquefaction resistance ratios with increasing confining stress. Laboratory work by Vaid and colleagues (1985, 1995) indicated higher values of K-sigma. In this study, a database was developed to investigate the reasons for the broad scatter in K-sigma. From our study we conclude that: 1) K-sigma is strongly influenced by method of deposition, stress history, aging effects, and density; 2) reconstructed, pluviated specimens in the laboratory may represent recently deposited dodged materials or recently liquefied materials; however, 3) high quality undisturbed samples are needed to determine field-relevant values of K-sigma. The MCEER International Liquefaction Committee (Youd & Idriss 1997) adopted the K-sigma recommendations from this study. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Hynes, ME (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Corps Engineers, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-038-8 PY 1999 BP 145 EP 151 PG 7 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BM69Z UT WOS:000079530500012 ER PT B AU Ledbetter, RH Butler, GD Steedman, RS AF Ledbetter, RH Butler, GD Steedman, RS BE Lade, PV Yamamuro, JA TI Investigations on the behavior of liquefying soils SO PHYSICS AND MECHANICS OF SOIL LIQUEFACTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on the Physics and Mechanics of Soil Liquefaction CY SEP 10-11, 1998 CL BALTIMORE, MD AB Improved physical evidence is needed of the processes and mechanisms involved in the occurrence of liquefaction as soil strength deteriorates to a residual state to allow the development of new, more refined analyses for dam safety and more cost-effective and safe seismic remediation. Reliable physical evidence can only come from field or equivalent-field data of behavior under well known and defined conditions. It has been concluded that the only practical route by which this can be achieved is through the use of the centrifuge. This paper describes the centrifuge experiments being undertaken to capture data of equivalent prototype behavior under dynamic loading and preliminary results. The research is part of the ongoing U.S. Army Engineer Earthquake Engineering Research Program (EQEN) at the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) and is using the dynamic base shaking capability of the unique WES research centrifuge. Our objectives are: (1) improve the simplified liquefaction methodology correction factors, K sigma and K alpha, because this method will always be used with in-situ measurements for initial field investigations and for verification of dam and foundation improvements, (2) define better the behavior of liquefying soil and effects on dam behavior, (3) expand our earthquake case history data base with better known conditions and responses, and (4) provide progressive results for immediate use in U.S. Army Corps of Enginers projects. The approach of this research to investigate the behavior of liquefying soils is to use laboratory testing, analytical procedures and centrifuge dynamic model testing. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ledbetter, RH (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-038-8 PY 1999 BP 295 EP 306 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BM69Z UT WOS:000079530500026 ER PT S AU Wraback, M Shen, H AF Wraback, M Shen, H BE Blood, P Ishibashi, A Osinski, M TI Polarization sensitive optically addressed light modulators based on excitonic optical nonlinearities in optically anisotropic materials SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices VII CY JAN 25-29, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy DE optical anisotropy; exciton; optical nonlinearity; femtosecond; modulator; contrast ratio; polarization; multiple quantum well; anisotropic strain ID MULTIPLE-QUANTUM WELLS; UNIAXIAL STRAIN; ROTATION; GAAS; FEMTOSECOND; FILMS AB We present optically addressed light modulators in which femtosecond pulses are used to manipulate the amplitude and polarization state of the modulated light through bleaching of the optical anisotropy inherent in these devices due to either a processing-related lowering of symmetry or growth on a low er symmetry surface. An optically addressed anisotropically strained GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well modulator employing an ultrafast dynamic polarization rotation of similar to 17 degrees associated with the bleaching of the anisotropic excitonic absorption to achieve a femtosecond rise time and a contrast ratio of 160:1 is demonstrated. The underlying polarization dependent excitonic optical nonlinearities governing the performance of this device are measured and found to be in qualitative agreement with theoretical calculations performed using the generalized anisotropic multiband semiconductor Bloch equations. In addition, the extension of this device concept to other semiconductors is presented within the context of an optically addressed ultraviolet light modulator which exploits the bleaching of the optical anisotropy inherent in a ZnO film epitaxially grown on R-plane sapphire to achieve high contrast. The resultant modulation is characterized by a contrast ratio of 70:1, corresponding to a dynamic polarization rotation of 12 degrees. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL,SE,EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wraback, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL,SE,EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3095-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3625 BP 178 EP 188 DI 10.1117/12.356873 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BN77L UT WOS:000082883300019 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, S Svizhenko, A Stroscio, MA AF Bandyopadhyay, S Svizhenko, A Stroscio, MA TI Electronic Noise in quantum wires SO PHYSICS OF LOW-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID 1/F NOISE; PHONON-SCATTERING; MAGNETIC-FIELD; HOOGE PARAMETERS; DEVICES; CARRIERS AB Electronic noise in quantum wire structures exhibits unusual features that are absent in bulk or two-dimensional systems. In this article, We review our work in this area and show that quasi one-dimensional confinements of electrons and phonons in quantum wires leave their unmistakable signatures in the noise power spectrum and the autocorrelation function for velocity fluctuations. Furthermore, an external magnetic field can quench noise in quantum wires and produce other interesting features. Both thermal (Johnson) and 1/f (flicker) noise are discussed. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Bandyopadhyay, S (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU V S V CO. LTD PI MOSCOW PA BOX 11, 105523 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0204-3467 J9 PHYS LOW-DIMENS STR JI Phys. Low-Dimens. Struct. PY 1999 VL 3-4 BP 69 EP 89 PG 21 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 191QV UT WOS:000080033800005 ER PT J AU Baird, M Zabowski, D Everett, RL AF Baird, M Zabowski, D Everett, RL TI Wildfire effects on carbon and nitrogen in inland coniferous forests SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE bioassay; carbon; erosion; forest soil; nitrogen; wildfire ID LODGEPOLE PINE FORESTS; NUTRIENT LOSSES; PONDEROSA PINE; SOIL; FIRE; MINERALIZATION; DECOMPOSITION; CHEMISTRY; EROSION; OREGON AB A ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forest (Pinus ponderosa Dougl., Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco; PP/DF) and a lodgepole pine/Engelmann spruce forest (Pinus contorta Loud., Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.; LP/ES) located on the eastern slopes of the Cascade Mountains in Washington state, USA, were examined following severe wildfire to compare total soil carbon and nitrogen capitals with unburned (control) forests. One year after fire, the average C content (60 cm depth) of PP/DF and LP/ES soil was 30% (25 Mg ha(-1)) and 10% (7 Mg ha(-1)) lower than control soil. Average N content on the burned PP/DF and LP/ES plots was 46% (3.0 Mg ha(-1)) and 13% (0.4 Mg ha(-1)) lower than control soil. The reduction in C and N in the PP/DF soil was largely the result of lower nutrient capitals in the burned Bw horizons (12-60 cm depth) relative to control plots. It is unlikely that the 1994 fire substantially affected nutrient capitals in the Bw horizons; however, natural variability or past fire history could be responsible for the varied nutrient capitals observed in the subsurface soils. Surface erosion (sheet plus rill) removed between 15 and 18 Mg ha(-1) of soil from the burned plots. Nutrient losses through surface erosion were 280 kg C ha(-1) and 14 kg N ha(-1) in the PP/DF, whereas LP/ES losses were 640 and 22 kg ha(-1) for C and N, respectively. In both forests, surface erosion of C and N was similar to 1% to 2% of the A-horizon capital of these elements in unburned soil. A bioassay (with lettuce as an indicator plant) was used to compare soils from low-, moderate- and high-severity burn areas relative to control soil. In both forests, low-severity fire increased lettuce yield by 70-100% of controls. With more severe fire, yield decreased in the LP/ES relative to the low-intensity burn soil; however, only in the high-severity treatment was yield reduced (14%) from the control. Moderate- and high-severity burn areas in the PP/DF were fertilized with similar to 56 kg ha(-1) of N four months prior to soil sampling. In these soils, yield was 70-80% greater than the control. These results suggest that short-term site productivity can be stimulated by low-severity fire, but unaffected or reduced by more severe fire in the types of forests studied. Post-fire fertilization with N could increase soil productivity where other environmental factors do not limit growth. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Seattle, WA 98134 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Forestry Sci Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Baird, M (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 4735 E Marginal Way S, Seattle, WA 98134 USA. NR 44 TC 49 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 26 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PY 1999 VL 209 IS 2 BP 233 EP 243 DI 10.1023/A:1004602408717 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 214CC UT WOS:000081309200010 ER PT S AU Miles, BH Goodson, RA Dereniak, EL Descour, MR AF Miles, BH Goodson, RA Dereniak, EL Descour, MR BE Goldstein, DH Chenault, DB TI Computed-tomography imaging spectropolarimeter (CTISP): instrument concept, calibration and results SO POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMOTE SENSING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization - Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing II CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE imaging spectropolarimetry; polarization; tomography; CTIS ID ULTRAVIOLET ASTRONOMICAL POLARIMETRY; SPECTROMETER AB Researchers at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (USAERDC), in collaboration with researchers at the University of Arizona's Optical Sciences Center, have designed, constructed and developed a complete Stokes imaging spectropolarimeter. CTISP (patent pending) is a polarimetric extension to CTIS (Computed-Tomographic Imaging Spectrometer), developed by the authors associated with the Optical Sciences Center. Currently, CTISP characterizes an object's spectropolarimetric radiance over the 440 to 740 nn range using 20 nm spectral bins and subdividing the FOV with a 32 x 32 resolution for a total of 16x32x32=16384 voxels. The output of CTISP is an estimate of the Stokes vector for each voxel. This paper focuses on the concept and practice of polarimetric calibration of each voxel in CTISP's spatial and spectral response. Voxel polarization calibration is performed using a fully computer-automated spectropolarimetric calibration facility to generate purely polarized linear and circular quasimonochromatic light. The facility includes optics and procedures for optically verifying the polarization state. During calibration CTISP's response to each generated polarized voxel is recorded and used to calculate a polarization characteristic matrix (PCM) for each voxel. CTISP uses four polarization analyzers in an automated rotating filter wheel configuration to acquire four images of the object. The results from the image reconstructions behind four analyzers are utilized with the PCMs to estimate the Stokes vector for each voxel in the object cube. Both the polarization accuracy of the calibration facility and CTISP will be addressed, and results will be presented that indicate CTISP is capable of reconstructing object cubes containing complex spectral, spatial and polarization content. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Miles, BH (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3240-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3754 BP 235 EP 245 DI 10.1117/12.366333 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BP12A UT WOS:000084180100026 ER PT J AU Poirier, MC Weston, A Schoket, B Shamkhani, H Pan, CF Mc Diarmid, MA Scott, BG Deeter, DP Heller, JM Jacobson-Kram, D Rothman, N AF Poirier, MC Weston, A Schoket, B Shamkhani, H Pan, CF Mc Diarmid, MA Scott, BG Deeter, DP Heller, JM Jacobson-Kram, D Rothman, N TI Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biomarkers of internal exposure in US Army soldiers serving in Kuwait in 1991 SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE DNA adducts; urinary metabolites; human biomonitoring; ambient monitoring ID BURNING OIL-WELLS; WHITE BLOOD-CELLS; DNA-ADDUCTS; BENZOPYRENE; CONSUMPTION; SENSITIVITY; URINE; BEEF AB Biomarkers of exposure were applied to a cohort of U.S. Army soldiers who were deployed to Kuwait and Saudi Arabia in 1991 in the aftermath of the Persian Gulf War. The U.S. Army Environmental Hygiene Agency (currently the U.S Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine) monitored air and soil for ambient PAHs. In addition, a group of 61 soldiers kept diaries of daily activities. These soldiers provided blood and urine samples in June in Germany before deployment to Kuwait, in August after 8 weeks in Kuwait, and in October, one month after the return to Germany. DNA, prepared from white blood cells, was assayed for PAH-DNA adducts by immunoassay and bulky aromatic adducts by P-32-postlabeling, Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene-glucuronide (1-OH-PG) was determined by synchronous fluorescence spectrometry. Contrary to expectations, environmental monitoring showed low ambient PAH levels in the areas where these soldiers were working in Kuwait. In addition, literature values for ambient PAH monitoring in Germany in 1990 suggest that the soldiers may have been exposed to higher levels of ambient PAHs in Germany than in Kuwait. Blood cell DNA adduct levels were lowest in Kuwait and increased significantly after the return to Germany. Also, urinary 1-OH-PG levels were lowest in Kuwait and highest in Germany. This study demonstrates modulations in PAH exposure biomarker levels that appear to correlate with ambient PAH exposure. C1 NCI, LCCTP, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary. Ctr Dis Control, NIOSH, HELD, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Mt Sinai Med Ctr, Dept Community Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Occupat Hlth Project, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. USA, MEDDAC, RSA, AL 35809 USA. USA, CHPPM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. MA Bioserv Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NCI, OEB, DCEG, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Poirier, MC (reprint author), NCI, LCCTP, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1040-6638 J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. PY 1999 VL 17 IS 1-4 BP 197 EP 208 DI 10.1080/10406639908020615 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 297HE UT WOS:000086076200021 ER PT J AU Gibson, P Rivin, D Berezin, A Nadezhdinskii, A AF Gibson, P Rivin, D Berezin, A Nadezhdinskii, A TI Measurement of water vapor diffusion through polymer films and fabric/membrane laminates using a diode laser spectroscope SO POLYMER-PLASTICS TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE permeation; diode; membranes; films; sorption; diffusion; spectroscopy AB A spectroscopic system based on vapor-phase absorption of infrared radiation produced by a diode laser is shown to be useful for measuring water vapor diffusion rates through materials in sheet form. Measurements of water vapor diffusion through four polymer membranes and membrane laminates show an excellent correlation with an existing water vapor transport apparatus that uses hygroscopic polymer-film capacitance sensors. The diode laser spectroscope eliminates sorption hysteresis artifacts present in the capacitance sensors. C1 USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Dept Army, Sci & Technol Directorate, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Gen Phys, Moscow, Russia. RP USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Dept Army, Sci & Technol Directorate, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RI Gibson, Phillip/D-2398-2010 OI Gibson, Phillip/0000-0002-6172-4438 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2559 EI 1525-6111 J9 POLYM-PLAST TECHNOL JI Polym.-Plast. Technol. Eng. PY 1999 VL 38 IS 2 BP 221 EP 239 DI 10.1080/03602559909351573 PG 19 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 186NG UT WOS:000079735400003 ER PT J AU Yoo, SH Sudarshan, TS Sethuram, K Subhash, G Dowding, RJ AF Yoo, SH Sudarshan, TS Sethuram, K Subhash, G Dowding, RJ TI Dynamic compression behaviour of tungsten powders consolidated by plasma pressure compaction SO POWDER METALLURGY LA English DT Article AB It has been generally believed that the ductility of tungsten can be increased by decreasing grain size to ultrafine levels (similar to 100 nm). Pure ultrafine grain tungsten powders of various average particle sizes (2.0, 0.7, and 0.16 mu m) were consolidated using the rapid consolidation technique, plasma pressure compaction ((PC)-C-2), to minimise grain growth. Preliminary results indicate that tungsten powders can be consolidated to high density without abnormal grain growth at 2000 degrees C and 50 MPa with less than 3 min of isothermal holding time in the (PC)-C-2 process. The densities of consolidated specimens were measured using Archimedes' method, and the microstructure was analysed using SEM. The mechanical behaviour of the consolidated specimens was investigated using the compression Kolsky bar. Dynamic compression properties were examined to determine the effect of grain size, grain structure, and density on yield stress at various strain rates. C1 Mat Modificat Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Yoo, SH (reprint author), Mat Modificat Inc, 2929 P1 Eskridge Rd, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. RI Dowding, Robert/F-1469-2015 OI Dowding, Robert/0000-0002-4763-2131 NR 6 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU INST MATERIALS PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND SN 0032-5899 J9 POWDER METALL JI Powder Metall. PY 1999 VL 42 IS 2 BP 181 EP 182 DI 10.1179/003258999665549 PG 2 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 222HM UT WOS:000081778700030 ER PT S AU Kimball, BR Nakashima, M DeCristofano, BS Panchangam, A Bhadra, SK Rao, DVGLN Aranda, F Asato, AE Liu, RSH AF Kimball, BR Nakashima, M DeCristofano, BS Panchangam, A Bhadra, SK Rao, DVGLN Aranda, F Asato, AE Liu, RSH BE Lawson, CM TI Optical power limiting in some azulenic compounds. SO POWER-LIMITING MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Power-Limiting Materials and Devices CY JUL 21-22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE azulenic polymethine dyes; third order susceptibility; degenerate four wave mixing; z-scan; optical power limiting AB A series of azulenic compounds are synthesized and their third-order nonlinear optical properties are determined. The compounds are studied in solution using degenerate four wave mixing and z-scan at 532 nm with 30 ps pulses. Extrapolated values for the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility chi((3)) of the compounds are in the range10(-9) to 10(-8) esu. Z-scan results indicate reverse saturable absorption. Optical power limiting with a f/5 system is demonstrated for all of the compounds studied. C1 USA, Soldier Ctr Excellence, Shrewsbury, MA 01545 USA. RP Kimball, BR (reprint author), USA, Soldier Ctr Excellence, Shrewsbury, MA 01545 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3284-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3798 BP 32 EP 37 DI 10.1117/12.363879 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BN98F UT WOS:000083742600004 ER PT S AU Hoke, L Kowalski, GJ Whalen, RA DeCristofano, B AF Hoke, L Kowalski, GJ Whalen, RA DeCristofano, B BE Lawson, CM TI Thermally stimulated nonlinear optical effects in a multicell stepped limiter SO POWER-LIMITING MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Power-Limiting Materials and Devices CY JUL 21-22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE optical limiting; nonlinear optical material; laser-induced damage; numerical simulation; thermally stimulated nonlinear effects ID TRANSIENT AB The application of a numerical algorithm to the design procedure of a multicell stepped limiter (MCSL) is discussed. This application illustrates the ability to predict thermal damage and the thermal lensing effects that occur within the stepped limiter. Both the optical limiting and the temperature profile through the MCSL are determined for three design cases. The results illustrate the potential application of a numerical simulation in designing a MCSL and of predicting thermal damage. C1 USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Hoke, L (reprint author), USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3284-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3798 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.1117/12.363880 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BN98F UT WOS:000083742600005 ER PT B AU Hampton, ML Sisk, WE AF Hampton, ML Sisk, WE BE Uzochukwu, GA Reddy, GB TI Environmental stability of windrow composting for explosives-contaminated soils SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 National Conference on Environmental Remediation Science and Technology CY SEP 08-10, 1998 CL GREENSBORO, NC C1 USA, Ctr Environm, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Hampton, ML (reprint author), USA, Ctr Environm, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-069-1 PY 1999 BP 39 EP 43 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN63R UT WOS:000082439400005 ER PT B AU Hampton, ML Manning, JF AF Hampton, ML Manning, JF BE Uzochukwu, GA Reddy, GB TI Multiple bioslurry treatment technologies for explosives-contaminated soils SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 National Conference on Environmental Remediation Science and Technology CY SEP 08-10, 1998 CL GREENSBORO, NC AB The U.S. Army Environmental Center field tested both aerobic/anoxic and anaerobic soil slurry biotreatment processes at Iowa Army Ammunition Plant to evaluate their performance and cost in remediation explosives contamination in soils. The trials were conducted in a RCRA quality lagoon and a concrete trench reactor, employing a variety of commercial impeller and hydraulic mixing systems. Test results described both degradation kinetics and metabolic fate, as well as the capabilities and limitations of different reactor configurations and mixing strategies. The demonstration was conducted in conjunction with a CERCLA removal action going on at the site, so excavated soils were treated at the test site, and the demonstration results will be used by environmental managers in their remedy selection. C1 USA, Ctr Environm, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Hampton, ML (reprint author), USA, Ctr Environm, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-069-1 PY 1999 BP 45 EP 52 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN63R UT WOS:000082439400006 ER PT S AU Phu, PO Dahlstrom, R Scheiner, B Adler, E Lilly, J AF Phu, PO Dahlstrom, R Scheiner, B Adler, E Lilly, J GP IEEE IEEE TI A wide-bandwidth electronic scanning antenna for multimode RF sensing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE: RADAR INTO THE NEXT MILLENNIUM SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Radar Conference on Radar Into the Next Millennium CY APR 20-22, 1999 CL WALTHAM, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Aerospace & Electr Syst Soc AB A wide-bandwidth electronic scanning antenna (ESA), based on a Rotman lens beam-former. has been developed for shared aperture applications. The key feature of the Rotman lens is that it allows multiple simultaneous beams to be transmitted in different directions and at different frequencies. Since the Rotman lens is a true time-delay element. it is inherently wide-bandwidth, and other components of the antenna were designed to support a bandwidth of 8 to 18 GHz. In the ESA, the input signal to the Rotman lens is controlled by a PIN diode beam-switching network, and the outputs are fed to a two-dimensional array of Vivaldi notches. The ESA performance was characterized, and the results will be presented. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Phu, PO (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-4977-6 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 1999 BP 177 EP 180 DI 10.1109/NRC.1999.767305 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BN39H UT WOS:000081778900033 ER PT S AU McGlynn, LE Timian, LTC AF McGlynn, LE Timian, LTC BE Bruzzone, AG Uhrmacher, A Page, EH TI Army model and simulation standards - from producer to consumer; How the process works SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WEB-BASED MODELING AND SIMULATION SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Western MultiConference (WMC) CY JAN 17-20, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE interoperability; credibility; commonality; reuse; sharing; standards development AB Standardizing of the Army's Model and Simulation (M&S) processes is a vital step toward achieving the economies, efficiencies, and technological potential M&S represents. Via its seven step M&S Standards Development Process, the Army seeks to: enable simulations to provide or accept services from one another, thus making them more interoperable; improve the credibility and ease of Verification and Validation; increase the commonality of what simulations depict; and leverage opportunities for reuse and sharing of algorithms and heuristics between government and industry throughout a system's life-cycle (combat development; materiel development; testing; fielding; and disposal). This paper will describe a pair of web based tools - the Standards Nomination and Approval Process (SNAP) (http://www.msrr.army.mil/snap) and the Army Standards Repository System (ASTARS) (http://www.msrr.army.mil/astars) - that the Army Model and Simulation Office developed to enhance the Army's decentralized consensus based M&S Standards Development Process. C1 USA, Operat Res, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP McGlynn, LE (reprint author), USA, Operat Res, 102 Army,The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-156-7 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1999 VL 31 IS 3 BP 75 EP 80 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BN24C UT WOS:000081234900012 ER PT B AU Poli, MA Musser, SM Hall, S AF Poli, MA Musser, SM Hall, S BE Seret, B Sire, JY TI Laboratory diagnostics of brevetoxin and ciguatoxin intoxications in humans: Case reports and sampling considerations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INDO-PACIFIC FISH CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Indo-Pacific Fish Conference CY NOV 03-08, 1997 CL NOUMEA, NEW CALEDONIA SP French Soc Ichthyol Soc DE ciguatoxin; brevetoxin; clinical outbreaks; diagnostics ID CARIBBEAN-CIGUATOXINS AB Marine biointoxications can be a source of difficulty and intrigue for many clinicians. Diagnosis can be difficult due to their relative rarity and symptoms which can appear nonspecific if a history of seafood ingestion is not provided to the medical caregiver. Laboratory evaluation of ingested foodstuffs or clinical samples can provide critical diagnostic information, but only if these samples are collected promptly and handled appropriately. In addition, clinical samples can provide insight into the underlying pharmacokinetics of the intoxication as well as help improve and validate the assays. This paper describes two recent clinical outbreaks: an outbreak of ciguatera poisoning in Haiti and an outbreak of neurotoxic shellfish poisoning in Florida. In each case we discuss the samples collected and the information gathered from those samples. Finally, we discuss how improved sampling might have provided additional information and give recommendations for sample collection during future outbreaks. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Toxicol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Poli, MA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Toxicol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOCIETE FRANCAISE ICHTYOLOGIE PI PARIS PA 43 RUE CUVIER, 75231 PARIS, CEDEX 05, FRANCE BN 2-9507330-5-0 PY 1999 BP 775 EP 781 PG 7 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BP33Q UT WOS:000084731300069 ER PT B AU Richardson, P Sarkar, S AF Richardson, P Sarkar, S GP IEEE COMP SOC IEEE COMP SOC TI Adaptive scheduling: Overload scheduling for mission critical systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH IEEE REAL-TIME TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE Real-Time Technology and Application Symposium (RTAS 99) CY JUN 02-04, 1999 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Real Time Syst AB Mission critical systems are expected to perform a sub-set of critical functions under fault conditions. The occurrence of faults can result in shared resources, such as processors or networks, being overloaded The goal of this effort is to provide a benefit based scheduling approach that facilitates operations under overload conditions. A key feature of this approach is the ability to detect the occurrence of faults prior to an overload by leveraging unused capacity. A benefit based scheduler that considers importance, system state, and timeliness is used to order processing once faults have been detected. This approach can be easily fitted to classical deadline based scheduling policies, such as rate monotonic or earliest deadline first, and causes no significant increase in algorithm complexity. Simulations show that the ability to order processing based on a benefit model offers considerable advantages over classical dead line based approaches during overload conditions. C1 USA, Tank Automat Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Richardson, P (reprint author), USA, Tank Automat Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0194-X PY 1999 BP 14 EP 23 DI 10.1109/RTTAS.1999.777657 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BN32W UT WOS:000081638300002 ER PT B AU Pressel, DM Sturek, WB Sahu, J Heavey, KR AF Pressel, DM Sturek, WB Sahu, J Heavey, KR BE Tentner, A TI How moderate-sized RISC-based SMPs can outperform much larger distributed memory MMPs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING SYMPOSIUM - HPC '99 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Advanced Simulation Technologies Conference (ASTC 99) CY APR 11-15, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE supercomputer; high performance computing; parallel processor; computational fluid dynamics AB Traditionally, comparisons between computer systems have been based primarily on theoretical peak performance. While many people still take this approach, an increasingly common practice is to compare computer systems based on delivered levels of performance. This of course raises a whole host of questions about how one should go about measuring or estimating the delivered level of performance. However, even this approach has a fundamental problem. It assumes that all FLOPS are of equal value. When computational scientists were primarily using mainframes and vector supercomputers, this was probably a reasonable assumption. The same holds true when comparing the performance of large distributed memory MIMD MPPs. However, when comparing the algorithms of choice used on these two classes of platforms, one frequently finds a significant difference in the number of FLOPS required to obtain a solution with the desired level of precision. Historically, this dichotomy was considered to be troubling, but largely unavoidable if one was to take advantage of the benefits offered by parallel computing. Recently, however, a new class of computers has come onto the market. Moderate-sized RISC-based SMPs offer much of the scalability of modern large MPPs, while allowing one to parallelize efficient vector algorithms that were previously considered to be nonparallelizable. The net result is that for some problems a 128 processor Origin 2000 can deliver levels of performance that might require the use of a 500+ processor MPP using more traditional approaches. C1 USA, Res Lab, Corp Informat & Comp Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Pressel, DM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Corp Informat & Comp Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA BN 1-56555-166-4 PY 1999 BP 195 EP 200 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BN24B UT WOS:000081234800033 ER PT S AU Middlebrooks, SE Knapp, BG Barnette, BD Bird, C Johnson, J Kilduff, P Schipani, SP Swoboda, J Wojciechowski, J Tillman, B Ensing, AR Archer, S Archer, R Plott, B AF Middlebrooks, SE Knapp, BG Barnette, BD Bird, C Johnson, J Kilduff, P Schipani, SP Swoboda, J Wojciechowski, J Tillman, B Ensing, AR Archer, S Archer, R Plott, B GP HFES HFES TI CoHOST - Computer simulation models to investigate human performance task and workload conditions in a US Army heavy maneuver battalion tactical operations center SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 43RD ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Human Factors & Ergon Soc AB A multi-year effort was conducted to investigate the impact on human cognitive and physical performance capabilities, which the introduction of a new Army command and control vehicle with modernized digital communications systems would have. This was a joint effort by the Human Research and Engineering Directorate of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory in partnership with the Directorate of Force Developments at the U.S. Armor Center and School at Fort Knox, Kentucky, and the U.S. Army Operational Test and Evaluation Command at Alexandria, Virginia. Literature searches and background investigations were conducted, and a model architecture based on a taxonomy of human performance was developed. A computer simulation design and methodology was implemented with these taxonomic-based descriptors of human performance in the military command and control domain, using a commercially available simulation programming language. A series of computer models called Computer modeling of Human Operator System Tasks (CoHOST) was written and results were developed that suggest that automation alone does not necessarily improve human performance. C1 USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Middlebrooks, SE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 USA SN 1071-1813 BN 0-945289-12-X J9 HUM FAC ERG SOC P PY 1999 BP 242 EP 246 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA BS93U UT WOS:000171438400048 ER PT S AU Leedom, DK AF Leedom, DK GP HFES HFES TI Thinking inside or outside of the box: Impact of digitization on battle command SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 43RD ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Human Factors & Ergon Soc ID DECISION-MAKING AB As the US Army invests in automation for battle command, it is important to define how this technology impacts (either positively or negatively) on the team and organizational decision-making process. While many studies have taken a traditional task modeling approach to assessing battle command performance, this paper examines performance issues from a different level of systems analysis. Specifically, the paper seeks to identify a number of behavioral characteristics or "proficiencies" that are associated with effective decision-making performance at the team and organizational level. Each of these proficiencies, in turn, suggests a possible measurement taxonomy for assessing the enabling or degrading influence of digitization (combined with leader development, staff training, and organizational design) on decision-making performance in battle command. C1 USA, Corps 3, Ft Hood, TX USA. RP Leedom, DK (reprint author), USA, Corps 3, Ft Hood, TX USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 USA SN 1071-1813 BN 0-945289-12-X J9 HUM FAC ERG SOC P PY 1999 BP 349 EP 353 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA BS93U UT WOS:000171438400067 ER PT S AU Sharp, MA Knapik, JJ Hauret, K Frykman, P Patton, JF AF Sharp, MA Knapik, JJ Hauret, K Frykman, P Patton, JF GP HFES HFES TI Lifting ability of army men and women in relation to occupational demands SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 43RD ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Human Factors & Ergon Soc AB The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the lifting strength of soldiers entering the Army and the physical demands of their job. The muscle strength and body composition of 169 male and 153 female recruits were measured prior to basic training. Each soldier's lifting capacity was compared to the lifting standards of their assigned job. Nearly all soldiers were able to meet the standard for frequent lifting; however, 56% and 77% of women could not meet the standard for occasional lifting in the heavy (45.4 kg) and very heavy (> 45.4 kg) physical demand category, respectively. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Sharp, MA (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 USA SN 1071-1813 BN 0-945289-12-X J9 HUM FAC ERG SOC P PY 1999 BP 718 EP 722 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA BS93U UT WOS:000171438400141 ER PT S AU Glumm, MM Branscome, TA Patton, DJ Mullins, LL Burton, PA AF Glumm, MM Branscome, TA Patton, DJ Mullins, LL Burton, PA GP HFES HFES TI The effects of an auditory versus a visual presentation of information on soldier performance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 43RD ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Human Factors & Ergon Soc AB This paper describes a field study that measured the effects of an auditory versus a visual presentation of position information on soldier performance. Measures of situational awareness, stress, cognitive performance, and workload were also obtained. During the study, 12 soldiers navigated wooded paths that were 3 km long. No differences were found between display conditions in navigation or target acquisition performance, or in the frequency at which information was accessed. However, the analysis indicated that the participants maintained a greater awareness of position with respect to waypoints, targets, and other units when information was presented visually than when information was presented auditorily in verbal messages. In the auditory mode, as the participants' perceptions of time demands increased, post-test scores on a logical reasoning task tended to be higher than pre-test scores. The findings of the investigation suggest differences in cognitive processing requirements between displays and the impact of attentional focus and practice on cognitive performance. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Glumm, MM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 USA SN 1071-1813 BN 0-945289-12-X J9 HUM FAC ERG SOC P PY 1999 BP 1041 EP 1044 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA BS93U UT WOS:000171438400200 ER PT S AU Smyth, CC AF Smyth, CC GP HFES HFES TI Detecting targets from a moving vehicle with a head-mounted display and sound localization. SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 43RD ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Human Factors & Ergon Soc AB Eight participants detected and identified pop-up targets on an outdoor range from a stationary and a moving vehicle using a head-mounted display (HMD), with and without sound localization, and direct viewing as a control. A head-slaved camera mounted on top of the vehicle provided the image to the HMD. The computer controlled audio cueing appeared to originate from the location of the target. The results are that although targets were detected sooner with direct viewing from the stationary vehicle without cueing, sound localization improved target detection in all other test modes. More targets were detected and identified with direct vision than with the HMD, and from the stationary position than the moving vehicle. Workload test battery ratings show a significant increase in perceived workload with the HMD as compared to the direct vision. A test of situational awareness shows significant decreases in perceived stability and familiarity and an increased need to concentrate when using the HMD in the moving vehicle. Further, most of the participants reported a general discomfort associated with motion sickness while in the moving vehicle with the HMD. Finally, the participants rated direct viewing as more useful than the HMD, and the sound localization as being of more use with the HMD than with direct viewing. C1 USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Smyth, CC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 USA SN 1071-1813 BN 0-945289-12-X J9 HUM FAC ERG SOC P PY 1999 BP 1045 EP 1049 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA BS93U UT WOS:000171438400201 ER PT S AU Johnson, RF Merullo, DJ AF Johnson, RF Merullo, DJ GP HFES HFES TI Friend-foe discrimination, caffeine, and sentry duty SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 43RD ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1999 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Human Factors & Ergon Soc AB In war, the sentry must continually and rapidly detect targets, correctly discriminate friend from foe, and shoot with accuracy. Past research shows that caffeine enhances the sentry's target detection speed when all targets are foes. This study evaluates sentry performance when friend-foe discrimination is required. Eleven men and I I women participated in four simulated sentry duty sessions lasting 3 hours each: (a) 200 mg caffeine, foe-only; (b) 200 mg caffeine, friend-foe; (c) placebo, foe-only; and (d) placebo, friend-foe. Participants monitored the target scene of the Weaponeer Rifle Marksmanship Simulator with instructions to fire at enemy targets. Without impairing marksmanship, 200 mg caffeine reduced friend-foe discrimination errors and eliminated the decrement in target detection speed associated with time on the task. Men were likely to commit friendly-fire errors (shoot at friendly targets) and women were likely to commit fail-to-fire errors (fail to shoot at enemy targets). C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 02760 USA. RP Johnson, RF (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 02760 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 USA SN 1071-1813 BN 0-945289-12-X J9 HUM FAC ERG SOC P PY 1999 BP 1299 EP 1303 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA BS93U UT WOS:000171438400250 ER PT B AU Collier, KS AF Collier, KS BE Chinni, MJ TI Automated decision support systems enabled by models and simulations - A "leap-ahead" technology recommendation for the US Army After Next time frame (2020-2025) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE MILITARY, GOVERNMENT AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Advanced Simulation Technologies Conference (ASTC 99) CY APR 11-15, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE Army After Next; Army XXI, decision support systems; Force XXI; information dominance; models and simulations AB This paper conducts an analysis of the future strategic environment, future guidance, evolving operational concepts and promising technologies and provides a Research and Development (R&D) investment recommendation that will benefit US forces during the Army After Next 2020 timeframe. Major survey documents include: The 1997 Quadrennial Defense Review, Report of the National Defense Panel - 1997, Joint Vision 2010, Army Vision 2010, the Army After Next Study Program, and the Department of Defense and Army Science and Technology Plans. Based on this survey, the paper recommends the potential use of computer simulations to enhance tactical decision-making support (planning, preparation, and execution) during the AAN time frame. This recommendation, which espouses the requirement for a revolutionary new class of simulations, identifies an opportunity to provide a leap-ahead increase in combat effectiveness. The new class of simulation envisioned uses situational awareness information provided by digital Force XXI assets and provides tactical course of action recommendations in a predictive manner. The output from the new simulation provides efficient and effective recommendations concerning the use of all available assets in time and space. The author proposes that this new class of simulation should be the basis for a Course of Action Development System (COADS). While we assume information superiority will be provided by increase situational awareness, information dominance will not occur until we are able to use, most likely in an automated manner, the vast amount of information available. The proposed system will be capable of exploiting the vast amount of information available from our digital assets. In the words of the Army After Next Study Team, Force XXI mental agility will be effectively translated into physical agility. Because this new class of simulations develops tactical courses of actions, instead of analyzing tactical courses of action (provided as user input) the size and complexity of the problem is difficult comprehend. Therefore, the technical risk associated with this recommendation is considered to be high. However, if we initiate an adequate research and development program now, we have 20 years in which to field an automated combat decision-support system for our Army After Next forces. C1 USA, Model & Simulat Off, ODCSOPS ATTN DAMZO ZS, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Collier, KS (reprint author), USA, Model & Simulat Off, ODCSOPS ATTN DAMZO ZS, 400 Army,The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA BN 1-56555-168-0 PY 1999 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BN23Y UT WOS:000081223500001 ER PT B AU Hamilton, JA Murtagh, JL Deal, JC AF Hamilton, JA Murtagh, JL Deal, JC BE Chinni, MJ TI Simulation-based requirements engineering for Army Enterprise XXI SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE MILITARY, GOVERNMENT AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Advanced Simulation Technologies Conference (ASTC 99) CY APR 11-15, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE Army Enterprise XXI; requirements engineering; spiral development; simulation-based prototyping; simulation-based acquisition AB Army Enterprise XXI is the Army's overall plan for building the networking infrastructure that supports the Army's digitization efforts. Digitizing the Army is a software intensive project. Increasingly, we see requirements engineering as a critically emerging subspecialty. Thorough requirement development supports an aggressive simulation-based acquisition strategy within the framework of a spiral development paradigm. C1 USA, Off Chief Engineer, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Command, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. RP Hamilton, JA (reprint author), USA, Off Chief Engineer, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Command, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA BN 1-56555-168-0 PY 1999 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BN23Y UT WOS:000081223500002 ER PT B AU Bradley, BW AF Bradley, BW BE Chinni, MJ TI Simulation Based Acquisition (SBA) and modeling & simulation (M&S) standards SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE MILITARY, GOVERNMENT AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Advanced Simulation Technologies Conference (ASTC 99) CY APR 11-15, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE Simulation-Based Acquisition; modeling and simulation; standards; reuse AB Activity over the past two years has focussed on the goal of institutionalizing model and simulation (M&S) in the acquisition process. This institutionalization, known as Simulation Based Acquisition (SBA) calls for "an acquisition process in which DoD and Industry are enabled by robust, collaborative use of simulation technology that is integrated across acquisition phases and programs." Additionally, DoD has independently set goals to reduce acquisition cycle time in half while reducing Total Ownership Costs. The development of an SBA environment that would support the extensive use and reuse of M&S for weapon system acquisition is needed to reach these goals. Results from a Joint Simulation Based Acquisition Task Force, documented in "A Road Map for Simulation Based Acquisition" addressed a notional architecture for SEA. During this process, standard requirements necessary to implement the notional SEA architecture were proposed. Additionally, the Army leadership sponsored the second annual Simulation and Modeling for Acquisition, Requirements, and Training (SMART) Conference to continue the discussion on how to implement SEA into the Army's day-to-day business. This paper will address emerging thoughts concerning standardization requirements necessary to implement SEA as discussed by the SEA Task Force and the SEA Standards Breakout Session at the Army SMART Conference. C1 USA, Mat Syst Anal Activ, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Bradley, BW (reprint author), USA, Mat Syst Anal Activ, 392 Hopkins Rd,Attn AMXSY CS, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA BN 1-56555-168-0 PY 1999 BP 23 EP 25 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BN23Y UT WOS:000081223500004 ER PT B AU Maruyama, RT Doescher, C AF Maruyama, RT Doescher, C BE Chinni, MJ TI The role of M&S standards in simulation development SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE MILITARY, GOVERNMENT AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Advanced Simulation Technologies Conference (ASTC 99) CY APR 11-15, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE military; standards; verification; validation AB The Training Exercise and Military Operations (TEMO) domain and, more specifically, sitting Commanders in Chiefs (CINCs) who wish to see their initiatives realized during their tenure, are often frustrated by the amount of time it takes to develop a simulation or fulfill some other Modeling and Simulation (M&S) requirement. The use of Integrated Product Teams (IPTs) to develop models and simulations results in a more comprehensive product, with quality control gates built in throughout the development cycle. However the coordination and consensus building inherent in the IPT approach makes rapid model/simulation development unlikely. The existence of accepted M&S standards can provide a valuable service to the TEMO domain and expedite simulation development. This paper will discuss how M&S standards can bridge the gap between requirements and the need to have a useful product in a timely manner. The presence of a readily accessible repository of accepted M&S standards (algorithms, procedures, heuristics etc.) provides a set of building blocks for the model developer. This reduces the need for costly, time consuming pre-development research, and also makes Verification, Validation, and Accreditation (VV&A) easier. C1 USA, Model & Simulat Off, ODCSOPS ATTN DAMO ZS, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Maruyama, RT (reprint author), USA, Model & Simulat Off, ODCSOPS ATTN DAMO ZS, 400 Army,The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA BN 1-56555-168-0 PY 1999 BP 26 EP 30 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BN23Y UT WOS:000081223500005 ER PT B AU Parks, JG AF Parks, JG BE Chinni, MJ TI Survivability, lethality, and battlefield repairability as Markov processes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE MILITARY, GOVERNMENT AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Advanced Simulation Technologies Conference (ASTC 99) CY APR 11-15, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int AB The theory of Markov processes is applied to ground combat vehicles to examine three critical battle parameters; survivability, lethality and repairability. The basic properties of a Markov process is explained and applied first to the situation where repairability can have a significant effect on survivability. The lethality of friendly and opposing forces is then introduced and examined as it relates to the previous parameters. Several measures of combat state are studied with the aid of two and three dimensional graphical representations. C1 USA, Tank Automot Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Warren, MI USA. RP Parks, JG (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Warren, MI USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA BN 1-56555-168-0 PY 1999 BP 59 EP 67 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BN23Y UT WOS:000081223500010 ER PT B AU Ng, K Baker, EL AF Ng, K Baker, EL BE Chinni, MJ TI High rate simulation of target perforations using an advanced concrete model SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE MILITARY, GOVERNMENT AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Advanced Simulation Technologies Conference (ASTC 99) CY APR 11-15, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int AB An advanced modeling capability for the development of anti-concrete warheads was previously developed using a modified Tipton-Steinberg material failure model, producing good agreement between numerical simulation and experimental results. This advanced concrete model has been subsequentially applied to a number of engineering warheads applications including bash-through warheads development. Modeling examples of a bash-through warhead are presented showing both successful target perforation, as well as failure to perforate. The simulation results indicate that CALE performs extremely well for these types of applications. C1 USA, TACOM ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Ng, K (reprint author), USA, TACOM ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA BN 1-56555-168-0 PY 1999 BP 68 EP 71 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BN23Y UT WOS:000081223500011 ER PT B AU Chin, C Baker, EL Fuchs, BE Pham, J AF Chin, C Baker, EL Fuchs, BE Pham, J BE Chinni, MJ TI Scalable parallel computation of an explosively formed penetrator formation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE MILITARY, GOVERNMENT AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Advanced Simulation Technologies Conference (ASTC 99) CY APR 11-15, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int AB Under the DoD High Performance Computer Modernization Program, the TACOM-ARDEC Energetics and Warheads Division have successfully developed and demonstrated scalable parallel warhead mechanics modeling of an advanced explosively formed projectile (EFP) warhead device. Warhead development commonly uses advanced computer modeling which can take extreme amounts of computer time. The recent application of scalable parallel computers has demonstrated the capability to achieve approximately a 120 times speed-up of explosively formed penetrator (EFP) warhead modeling. Speed-ups were demonstrated using modeling of a copper lined EFP anti-armor warhead using the PCTH computer program on a number of multiple processor computers including a 256 node IBM SP2, 128 node Silicon Graphics Origin 2000 and smaller multiple processor Silicon Graphics workstations. This pioneering work clearly demonstrates the feasibility of applying parallel computers for warheads development. C1 USA, Energet & Warheads Div, TACOM ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Chin, C (reprint author), USA, Energet & Warheads Div, TACOM ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA BN 1-56555-168-0 PY 1999 BP 72 EP 75 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BN23Y UT WOS:000081223500012 ER PT B AU Gold, VM AF Gold, VM BE Chinni, MJ TI Numerical simulations of free-flight elongation, necking, and particulation of elastic-perfectly-plastic metallic jets SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE MILITARY, GOVERNMENT AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Advanced Simulation Technologies Conference (ASTC 99) CY APR 11-15, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int AB A series of numerical experiments pertaining to the effect of the yield-strength on particulation behavior of idealized ductile metallic jets has been conducted. As a result, a significant correlation between the yield-strength and the break-up times T-H has been observed, especially for the lower values of Y. A theory for the physics of elongation, necking and particulation of ductile metallic jets has been proposed, discussed, and verified through numerical experimentation. The findings of the study are that the lower the yield-strength is, the higher the jet's break-up time is, and, therefore, the greater jet's final elongation is. Another important conclusion of this work pertains to the development of an analytical expression for modeling elongation and necking in ductile metal jets. The developed analytical expression is based on the cylindrical plastic flow assumptions and specifies the necking rate as a function of the neck's axial-strain-rate at the axis. The expression demonstrated an excellent agreement with results of the numerical experiments. C1 USA, TACOM ARDEC, Energet & Warheads Div, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Gold, VM (reprint author), USA, TACOM ARDEC, Energet & Warheads Div, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA BN 1-56555-168-0 PY 1999 BP 76 EP 82 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BN23Y UT WOS:000081223500013 ER PT B AU Hamilton, JA Ransbottom, JR Davis, NJ AF Hamilton, JA Ransbottom, JR Davis, NJ BE Chinni, MJ TI An integrated approach to network simulation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE MILITARY, GOVERNMENT AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Advanced Simulation Technologies Conference (ASTC 99) CY APR 11-15, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE analytical modeling; network simulation; OPNET; system monitoring AB There are three methods for obtaining predictive data about networks: analytical modeling, monitoring/ measurement and simulation. Each of these methods offers significant advantages and disadvantages. Increasingly, hybrid approaches are being developed which seek to maximize these advantages while maintaining model fidelity. C1 USA, Off Chief Engineer, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Command, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. RP Hamilton, JA (reprint author), USA, Off Chief Engineer, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Command, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA BN 1-56555-168-0 PY 1999 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BN23Y UT WOS:000081223500017 ER PT B AU Welch, DJ Greaney, K AF Welch, DJ Greaney, K BE Chinni, MJ TI Using simulation in Y2K project and contingency planning SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE MILITARY, GOVERNMENT AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Advanced Simulation Technologies Conference (ASTC 99) CY APR 11-15, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE computer software; computer systems; decision support systems; software engineering AB Solving date related problems associated with the year 2000 (Y2K) in a single computer system is not technically challenging. The challenge lies in repairing a large number of cooperating computer systems simultaneously. Because it is so difficult, contingency plans are a necessary part of Y2K readiness. Both project planning and contingency planning require an understanding of the risks propagating defects pose to computer systems. Within the Department of Defense(DoD) the focus has been on repairing mission critical computer systems, most of the other computer systems will not be adequately evaluated or repaired. As a result defect propagation is a major threat to DoD mission critical systems. To address this need we developed a methodology to create models of defect propagation between interconnected computer systems. In addition, we built a discrete event simulator (Achilles) which executes the model and provides greater insight into Y2K defect propagation risk. We are using this approach to manage Y2K defect propagation risk and conduct contingency planning. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Welch, DJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA BN 1-56555-168-0 PY 1999 BP 133 EP 138 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BN23Y UT WOS:000081223500022 ER PT B AU Chu, D Jiang, RZ AF Chu, D Jiang, RZ BE Gottesfeld, S Fuller, TF TI Performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PROTON CONDUCTING MEMBRANE FUEL CELL II SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Proton Conducting Membrane Fuel Cells CY NOV 01-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Phys Electrochem, Electrochem Soc, Battery Div AB The performance of an air-breathing polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack is evaluated under different conditions. These different conditions include humidity, temperature and H-2 flow rate. When the humidity is less than 10 percent relative humidity (RH) at 35 degrees C, the stack does not work properly. Self-humidifying by the product of water in the stack is observed at below 30 percent RH. It is suggested that the appropriate humidity for operating the stack is at least 30 percent RH or higher. The best operational temperature for the stack ranges from 20 to 40 degrees C. The rate of H-2 now does not have any apparent effect on the stack power output. Rather only determines the maximum operating current. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chu, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-221-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 98 IS 27 BP 470 EP 478 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BM63K UT WOS:000079309600045 ER PT S AU Rhodes, DL Wolf, W AF Rhodes, DL Wolf, W GP ACM ACM TI Overhead effects in real-time preemptive schedules SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON HARDWARE/SOFTWARE CODESIGN (CODES'99) SE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON HARDWARE/SOFTWARE CODESIGN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Hardware/Software Codesign (CODES 99) CY MAY 03-05, 1999 CL ROME, ITALY SP ACM SIGDA, ACM SIGSOFT, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Design Automat, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Council Software Engn, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IFIP WG 10.5 ID ALGORITHMS; SYSTEMS AB The hard real-time schedulability of dependent task-graphs is studied for single bus homogeneous multiprocessor systems. A model which includes interrupts and context switching as well as bus contention is developed. The model captures real-time operating system effects aimed at realistically modeling both intra-processor and inter-processor communications. A robust scheduler is used to assess the impact of interrupt service time (IST) and context switching time (CST) on schedulability. For the class of task-graphs studied, it is shown that schedulability is a nonlinear function of only the weighted sum of IST and CST. C1 USA, CECOM, RDEC, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP USA, CECOM, RDEC, Washington, DC 20310 USA. EM d.l.rhodes@ieee.org; wolf@ee.princeton.edu NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA SN 1092-6100 BN 1-58113-132-1 J9 HARDW SOFTW CODES PY 1999 BP 193 EP 197 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BN31F UT WOS:000081503100038 ER PT B AU Choi, KK Bacher, KL Wu, Y AF Choi, KK Bacher, KL Wu, Y BE Li, SS Liu, HC Tidrow, MZ Gunapala, SD TI Corrugated QWIPS with dielectric coverage for focal plane array applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LONG WAVELENGTH INFRARED DETECTORS AND ARRAYS: PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Long Wavelength Infrared Detectors and Arrays - Physics and Applications, at the Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY NOV 05-06, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Electrochem Soc ID WELL INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS AB Corrugated quantum well infrared photodetectors (C-QWIPs) have been shown to be both sensitive and versatile. C-QWIP focal plane arrays with several cutoff wavelengths have also been demonstrated. In this work, we have investigated several dielectrics for contact isolation. We found that with a suitable dielectric, the entire corrugated structure can be covered with a metal contact layer, which tends to further increase the detector sensitivity by about 40%. We have also investigated the detector characteristics as a function of periodicity of the corrugation. In this research, we found that the absorption length of a parallel propagating light is 11 mu m far GaAs wells and 40 mu m for InGaAs wells. The weak absorption in the InGaAs wells explains the large apparent normal incident absorption in these structures. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Choi, KK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-215-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 98 IS 21 BP 71 EP 82 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BM81T UT WOS:000079832100005 ER PT B AU Goldberg, AC Little, JW Kennerly, SW Beekman, DW Leavitt, RP AF Goldberg, AC Little, JW Kennerly, SW Beekman, DW Leavitt, RP BE Li, SS Liu, HC Tidrow, MZ Gunapala, SD TI Temperature dependence of the responsivity of QWIPS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LONG WAVELENGTH INFRARED DETECTORS AND ARRAYS: PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Long Wavelength Infrared Detectors and Arrays - Physics and Applications, at the Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY NOV 05-06, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Electrochem Soc ID WELL INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS; QUANTUM-WELL; ABSORPTION AB We report on measurements of the responsivity of both long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) and mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) over the temperature range from 20 K to 150 K. Measurements were made on QWIPs of various designs including bound to quasibound (BQB) and miniband transport (MBT). It is well known that the dark current in QWIPs has an exponential dependence on temperature. It has always been assumed, however, that the responsivity of QWIPs was relatively independent of temperature. Our results indicate that for some designs, the responsivity of QWIPs can be as much as a factor of 2 lower at low temperatures (below 40 K) relative to that at higher temperatures (greater than 65 K) for similar bias levels. The bias dependence of the responsivity also shows a remarkable change over the temperature range studied. A theoretical model is suggested for this behavior. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Goldberg, AC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-215-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 98 IS 21 BP 122 EP 133 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BM81T UT WOS:000079832100010 ER PT J AU Dubick, MA Keen, CL DiSilvestro, RA Eskelson, CD Ireton, J Hunter, GC AF Dubick, MA Keen, CL DiSilvestro, RA Eskelson, CD Ireton, J Hunter, GC TI Antioxidant enzyme activity in human abdominal aortic aneurysmal and occlusive disease SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITY; VITAMIN-E; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; RISK-FACTORS; RAT-LIVER; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; SMOKING; PATHOGENESIS; SELENIUM AB The present study further investigates evidence for lipid peroxidation in atherosclerotic aortic tissue by determining the activity of antioxidant enzymes and concentrations of lipid peroxide fluorochromes in abdominal aortas from 15 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), an additional 7 patients with ruptured abdominal aneurysms, and 12 patients with atherosclerotic occlusive disease (AOD). Aortas from nonatherosclerotic organ donors served as nondiseased controls. Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) activities in AAA and AOD tissues were 16% and 25% of control activity, respectively. Mn-SOD activity in diseased aortae were about 65% of controls. CuZn-SOD protein in AAA and AOD was 56% and 100% of controls, respectively, resulting in significantly lower CuZn-SOD specific activity in these tissues. Ruptured AAA tissue also had low SOD activity and protein. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in AAA and AOD aortas was 70% and 65% of controls, respectively, and glutathione reductase (GR) activity in AAA and AOD aortas was 80% and 65% of control activities, respectively. These results were associated with significantly higher lipid peroxide fluorochromes, expressed as U/g aorta, in both groups of atherosclerotic aortas than in controls. AOD aortas had 33% higher fluorescence than AAA aortas, but the highest levels were seen in ruptured AAA. These data further support the involvement of free radicals and lipid peroxidation in atherosclerotic aortic disease, but do not indicate that these mechanisms are specifically involved in aneurysm formation versus development of occlusive disease. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Mech Trauma Res Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Arizona, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. Univ Arizona, Hlth Sci Ctr, Vasc Surg Sect, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. RP Dubick, MA (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Mech Trauma Res Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 45 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 220 IS 1 BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1046/j.1525-1373.1999.d01-6.x PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 154VW UT WOS:000077911100006 PM 9893167 ER PT B AU Shen, H Zhou, W Pamulapati, J Ren, F AF Shen, H Zhou, W Pamulapati, J Ren, F BE Abernathy, CR Baca, A Buckley, DN Chen, KH Kopf, R Sah, RE TI Reduction of surface state density in H2S plasma treated GaAs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS (SOTAPOCS XXX) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors (SOTAPOCs XXX), at the 195th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 02-07, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div ID MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; GAAS(001) SURFACES; SULFUR PASSIVATION; FERMI-LEVEL; PHOTOREFLECTANCE AB We conducted a parametric study of Electron-Cyclotron Resonance chemical vapor deposition conditions on H2S passivated GaAs. Photoreflectance is used to study the effect of H2S plasma passivation on the GaAs surface. The results indicate that the surface Fermi level moves towards the conduction band after H2S plasma passivation and under optimal ECR conditions, a surface state density of 6 x 10(10) cm is achieved. The surface state density is highly dependent on the sample temperature during passivation with a decade difference between optimal and sub-optimal passivation conditions. The results also indicate that the movement of the surface Fermi level is due to the reduction of the surface state density rather than a shift of mid-gap surface states, suggesting that (1) S-Ga bonds play the major role in H2S plasma passivated GaAs surfaces and (2) both the surface Fermi level and the density of the surface states need to be measured to gain a accurate profile of the passivation effects. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shen, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-226-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 4 BP 220 EP 226 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BM89P UT WOS:000080052600027 ER PT B AU Smith, T Ruocco, A Jansen, B AF Smith, T Ruocco, A Jansen, B BE Joyce, D TI Digital video in education SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTIETH SIGCSE TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education CY MAR 24-28, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Assoc Computing Machinery, Special Interest Grp Comp Sci Educ AB Digital Video is an exciting new medium with the potential to revolutionize the way organizations train their employees. However, there are questions that must be answered. How practical is video? What is the demand? What is the best use of video? In this paper, we compare the performance and quality of common digital formats, analyze 851,770 queries from an Excite database, and present the results of a study that explores the value of digital video in an educational environment. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Smith, T (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. OI Jansen, Bernard/0000-0002-6468-6609 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 1-58113-085-6 PY 1999 BP 122 EP 126 DI 10.1145/299649.299715 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BM73Q UT WOS:000079628300027 ER PT B AU Keevin, TM Gaspin, JB Gitschlag, GR Hempen, GL Linton, TL Smith, M Wright, DG AF Keevin, TM Gaspin, JB Gitschlag, GR Hempen, GL Linton, TL Smith, M Wright, DG GP ISEE ISEE TI Underwater explosions: Natural resource concerns, uncertainty of effects, and data needs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING TECHNIQUE, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique CY FEB 07-10, 1999 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Int Soc Explos Engineers ID FISH AB A Natural Resources Working Group, within the International Society of Explosives Engineers, reviewed published environmental effects data, identified data gaps, and prioritized data collection needs relative to underwater explosive use. Six groups of organisms were reviewed: 1) aquatic plants, 2) aquatic invertebrates, 3) fish, 4) amphibians, 5) reptiles, and 6) marine mammals. Study recommendations included: conducting basic research to determine the relationship between pressure waveform and mortality where little or no data exist (e.g., aquatic plants, fish, amphibians, reptiles, and marine mammals) and conducting narrowly defined studies where adequate data have been acquired (e.g., aquatic invertebrates). The goals of the recommended studies are to develop the relationship between pressure waveform and mortality/damage in order to construct mortality models. Development of comprehensive mortality models would be extremely useful to the blasting community for assessing environmental impacts and developing strategies for reducing impacts from explosives used underwater. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Keevin, TM (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 1222 Spruce St, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT SOC EXPLOSIVES ENGINEERS PI CLEVELAND PA 29100 AURORA ROAD, CLEVELAND, OH 44139-1800 USA PY 1999 BP 105 EP 116 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BQ14G UT WOS:000087293700010 ER PT B AU Troiano, E Vigilante, GN Underwood, JH Mossey, C AF Troiano, E Vigilante, GN Underwood, JH Mossey, C BE Ellyin, F Provan, JW TI Analysis of a piston experiencing enviromentally assisted cracking as a result of compressive overloading SO PROGRESS IN MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS (ICM8), VOL 2: MATERIAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on the Mechanical Behaviour of Materials (ICM8) CY MAY 16-21, 1999 CL VICTORIA CONF CTR, VICTORIA, CANADA SP ICM Board Governors HO VICTORIA CONF CTR AB A piston used in service in a closed ended pressure vessel,as a component of the seal for the vessel, was observed to be cracked after as few as two high pressure loading cycles. A further complication was that the finite element analysis was predicting compression on the cracked piston face during the loading cycle. The cracks in the piston emanated in a radial fashion and were measured at 1.5mm deep. Upon subsequent loading the cracks grew in length (in large incremental advances), but did not propagate any deeper than the initial 1.5mm. In all instances the robust design did not leak. C1 USA, Armament RD&E Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12184 USA. RP Troiano, E (reprint author), USA, Armament RD&E Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12184 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV VICTORIA, DEPT MECH ENGN PI VICTORIA PA VICTORIA, BC V8W 3P6, CANADA BN 1-55058-164-3 PY 1999 BP 603 EP 608 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ77E UT WOS:000089495500027 ER PT S AU Berger, H Hay, T Margerum, E AF Berger, H Hay, T Margerum, E BE Roggemann, MC Bissonnette, LR TI A new approach to radiative transfer and related atmospheric correction problems SO PROPAGATION AND IMAGING THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Propagation and Imaging through the Atmosphere III CY JUL 22-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE radiative transfer equation; atmospheric correction; Rayleigh scattering atmosphere; linear integrodifferential equations; linear partial differential equations; nonlinear integrodifferential equations; annihilation operators; Whitham's method AB Most atmospheric correction codes are based in part or in whole on the radiative transfer equation (RTE), which is an integrodifferential equation. It is well known to be an ad hoc equation, which can and has produced incorrect answers. This paper initiates a new way of exploring where the RTE can produce unphysical answers in parameter-ratio ranges of genuine concern. The exploration begins with formulating a new technique for rigorously transforming the scalar RTE, without approximation, into a "pure" partial differential equation (PDE), i.e. one involving only partial derivatives of finite and relative small order. The virtue of this approach is that there are only a small number of analytical and numerical techniques for dealing with integrodifferential equations compared to the vast array of techniques for PDEs. A variety of tools are developed that are more powerful than needed for the particular physical problem to demonstrate the robustness of the technique. An atmosphere is then considered where Rayleigh scattering is dominant and its PDE derived, apparently for the first time. A class of nonlinear integrodifferential equations were also transformed into linear PDEs and solved for a multiplicity of solutions. C1 USA, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Berger, H (reprint author), USA, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3249-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3763 BP 146 EP 154 DI 10.1117/12.363608 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN95F UT WOS:000083637500015 ER PT B AU Burrows, WD Phull, KK Monahan, PR Valcik, JA Jones, DE Miller, RD Ryczak, RS AF Burrows, WD Phull, KK Monahan, PR Valcik, JA Jones, DE Miller, RD Ryczak, RS BE Cotruvo, JA Craun, GF Hearne, N TI Military field drinking water supply SO PROVIDING SAFE DRINKING WATER IN SMALL SYSTEMS: TECHNOLOGY, OPERATIONS, AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on the Technology, Operations and Economics of Providing Safe Drinking Water in Small Systems CY MAY 10-13, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Pan Amer Hlth Org, WHO, US EPA - NRMRL, Natl Water Res Inst, Hlth Canada, World Water All, Natl Rural Water Assoc, Chlorine Chem Council, Water Quality Assoc - World Assembly Div, Elect Power Res Inst, Fdn Water Res, Natl Drinking Water Clearinghouse, Amer Water Works Assoc, Natl Environm Training Ctr Small Communities, World Bank C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Preventat Med, Water Suppl Management Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Burrows, WD (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Preventat Med, Water Suppl Management Program, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 1-56670-393-X PY 1999 BP 323 EP 329 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BN17F UT WOS:000080929100038 ER PT B AU Filippelli, J Richards, T Clarke, S Valcik, JA Pak, MK AF Filippelli, J Richards, T Clarke, S Valcik, JA Pak, MK BE Cotruvo, JA Craun, GF Hearne, N TI Upgrading small military water works in Korea SO PROVIDING SAFE DRINKING WATER IN SMALL SYSTEMS: TECHNOLOGY, OPERATIONS, AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on the Technology, Operations and Economics of Providing Safe Drinking Water in Small Systems CY MAY 10-13, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Pan Amer Hlth Org, WHO, US EPA - NRMRL, Natl Water Res Inst, Hlth Canada, World Water All, Natl Rural Water Assoc, Chlorine Chem Council, Water Quality Assoc - World Assembly Div, Elect Power Res Inst, Fdn Water Res, Natl Drinking Water Clearinghouse, Amer Water Works Assoc, Natl Environm Training Ctr Small Communities, World Bank C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Filippelli, J (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 1-56670-393-X PY 1999 BP 523 EP 531 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BN17F UT WOS:000080929100061 ER PT S AU Bowden, CM Dowling, JP Hotaling, SP AF Bowden, CM Dowling, JP Hotaling, SP BE Williams, CP TI Quantum computing using Electron-Nuclear Double Resonances SO QUANTUM COMPUTING AND QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st NASA International Conference on Quantum Computing and Quantum Communications (QCQC 98) CY FEB 17-20, 1998 CL PALM SPRINGS, CALIFORNIA SP NASA, Joint Propuls Lab, Ctr Integrated Space Microsyst, Ballist Missle Def Org, NASA, Joint Propuls Lab, Ctr Space Microelectr Technol, NASA, Auton & Informat Technol ID EARTH FLUORO-HALIDES; F-CENTERS; LOGIC AB We consider the use of Electron-Nuclear Double Resonance (ENDOR) techniques in quantum computing. ENDOR resolution as a possible limiting factor is discussed. It is found that ENDOR and double-ENDOR techniques have sufficient resolution for quantum computing applications. C1 USA, Missile Command, Weapons Sci Directorate, AMSMI RD WS ST,Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. USAF, Rome Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Bowden, CM (reprint author), USA, Missile Command, Weapons Sci Directorate, AMSMI RD WS ST,Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RI DOWLING, JONATHAN/L-2749-2013 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-65514-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1999 VL 1509 BP 364 EP 372 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BP13A UT WOS:000084208300033 ER PT S AU Goldman, GH Dropkin, H AF Goldman, GH Dropkin, H BE Trebits, R Kurtz, JL TI Iterative autofocus algorithm for noncooperative ISAR at millimeter-wave frequencies SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology IV CY APR 08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ISAR; focus; autofocus; motion compensation; image; maneuver ID PHASE AB High-quality automatic target recognition (ATR) algorithms implemented with a real-beam radar require imagery with resolved target characteristics. This paper presents an iterative autofocus estimation algorithm that improves the quality of high-resolution two-dimensional inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images. The algorithm uses the derivative of the phase history of isolated point scatterers to estimate the initial conditions for the target motion parameters of a maneuvering vehicle. The algorithm was tested using simulated data. We report on the agreement between the actual and estimated values of range and entropy. C1 USA, Res Lab, Millimeter Wave Branch, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. RP Goldman, GH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Millimeter Wave Branch, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. EM ggoldman@arl.mil RI Goldman, Gustavo/F-1848-2013 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3178-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1999 VL 3704 BP 8 EP 19 DI 10.1117/12.354595 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BN68U UT WOS:000082587000002 ER PT S AU Ressler, M Merchant, B Wong, D Nguyen, L Geng, N Carin, L AF Ressler, M Merchant, B Wong, D Nguyen, L Geng, N Carin, L BE Trebits, R Kurtz, JL TI Calibration of the ARL BoomSAR using rigorous scattering models for fiducial targets over ground SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology IV CY APR 08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID POLARIMETRIC RADAR IMAGES; CORNER REFLECTORS; PARAMETERS AB The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system is placed atop a boom lift, and therefore the system is termed a "BoomSAR". The UWB character of this system, covering a frequency spectrum from 40-1200 MHz, makes accurate polarimetric calibration a nontrivial matter. The response of the standard trihedral fiducial target is poorly understood at VHF and UHF frequencies, for which the wave interaction with the soil can be an important issue. Here we employ a rigorous method-of-moments (MoM) analysis of UWB scattering from a trihedral reflector over ground. The soil is modeled as a lossy, dispersive half space, accounted for rigorously via the half-space Green's function. The numerical algorithm is used to evaluate the angle-dependent, polarimetric frequency dependence of scattering from a trihedral target, at VHF and UHF frequencies. This comprehensive study of UWB scattering from a trihedral over soil is critical for system calibration. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ressler, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3178-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3704 BP 50 EP 56 DI 10.1117/12.354605 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BN68U UT WOS:000082587000006 ER PT S AU Wong, D Ressler, M Ton, T Merchant, B AF Wong, D Ressler, M Ton, T Merchant, B BE Trebits, R Kurtz, JL TI UWBSAR calibration of mine imagery SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology IV CY APR 08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ultra-wideband radar; calibration; mine phenomenology ID RADAR AB The Army Research Laboratory has been investigating the potential of low-frequency, ultra-wideband radar to provide part of the solution to the very difficult mine detection problem. One of the issues associated with using this type of radar is that it spans a very wide frequency range and angular space, making it difficult to use "normal" calibration techniques. Thus, ARL has been investigating techniques to calibrate the ARL ultra-wideband BoomSAR data to gain a better understanding of the signal response from clutter, mines, and other targets of interest. In this paper, we present results from data collected in Yuma Proving Ground on various types of mines. In particular, we compare the radar cross-section of the mines, predicted using method of moments models versus the measured response from the mines, as indicated by the calibrated ultra-wideband radar imagery. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wong, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3178-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3704 BP 57 EP 65 DI 10.1117/12.354606 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BN68U UT WOS:000082587000007 ER PT S AU Damarla, TR Kapoor, R Ressler, M AF Damarla, TR Kapoor, R Ressler, M BE Trebits, R Kurtz, JL TI Automatic target detection algorithm for foliage penetrating ultra-wideband SAR data using split spectral analysis SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology IV CY APR 08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB We present an automatic target detection (ATD) algorithm for foliage penetrating (FOPEN) ultra-wideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data using split spectral analysis. Split spectral analysis is commonly used in the ultrasonic, non-destructive evaluation of materials using wide band pulses for flaw detection. In this paper, we show the application of split spectral analysis for detecting obscured targets in foliage using UWB pulse returns to discriminate targets from foliage, the data spectrum is split into several bands, namely, 20 to 75, 75 to 150,..., 825 to 900 MHz. An ATD algorithm is developed based on the relative energy levels in various bands, the number of bands containing significant energy (spread of energy), and chip size (number of crossrange and range bins). The algorithm is tested on the (FOPEN UWB SAR) data of foliage and vehicles obscured by foliage collected at Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. The paper presents various split spectral parameters used in the algorithm and discusses the rationale for their use. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Damarla, TR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3178-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3704 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1117/12.354590 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BN68U UT WOS:000082587000013 ER PT S AU Sichina, J Nguyen, L Ton, T Ressler, M Ranney, K Nguyen, T AF Sichina, J Nguyen, L Ton, T Ressler, M Ranney, K Nguyen, T BE Trebits, R Kurtz, JL TI Signal processing techniques for ultra-wideband synthetic aperture radar data SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology IV CY APR 08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ultra-wideband radar (UWB); foliage penetrating radar; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); automatic target detection (ATD); phenomenology; computational electromagnetics AB The U. S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), as part of its mission-funded applied research program, has been evaluating the utility of a low-frequency, ultra-wideband (UWB) imaging radar to detect tactical vehicles concealed by foliage. Measurement programs conducted at Aberdeen Proving Ground and elsewhere have yielded a significant and unique database of extremely wideband and (in some cases) fully polarimetric data, Complementary efforts have been underway to develop high-performance algorithms as well as data visualization and assessment tools to generate very high-quality, low-artifact-level imagery for use in target detection and exploitation studies. Prior reports have concentrated on discussions of emerging detection concepts. Key strategy has been to exploit frequency-dependent scattering to identify and locate likely targets-particularly the application of a "spatial affinity" technique between detection lists separately generated at VHF frequencies versus UHF. The utility of this approach is now being evaluated more broadly by the UWB radar community. A large quantity of appropriate data has been measured by two separate airborne radars-a VHF radar (Coherent Ali RAdio BAnd Sensing (CARABAS)) [1,2] and a UHF radar (the P-3 radar) [3,4]. In support of Defense Advanced Research Project Agency's (DARPA) national-scope initiative in foliage penetration, ARL is using tools and algorithms developed as part of our mission program to perform image formation and evaluate various spatial affinity concepts on this freshly measured data. The reader will find this paper is organized into three complementary sections. First, we define the research objectives ARL and other defense organizations share. We then report in detail on the signal processing/image formation techniques developed as part of our mission program. We conclude with a discusssion on the use of these algorithms and tools with the emerging data from major defense-wide collections. Imaging concepts are discussed and various quality metrics are provided. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sichina, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3178-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3704 BP 121 EP 138 DI 10.1117/12.354601 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BN68U UT WOS:000082587000014 ER PT S AU Ranney, K Khatri, H Alexander, P AF Ranney, K Khatri, H Alexander, P BE Trebits, R Kurtz, JL TI Application of the Optimal Brain Surgeon pruning strategy to a real-aperture radar detection algorithm SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology IV CY APR 08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB We have applied the Optimal Brain Surgeon (OBS) pruning strategy to a polynomial discriminator in order to reduce the number of coefficients it employs. The polynomial discriminator multiplies various combinations of test features by the respective coefficients and then sums the products to obtain a discriminant that is compared to a threshold. The test features are derived from the radar data associated with the cell under test, while the coefficients are determined a priori by minimizing the mean-squared error (MSE) between the actual and the desired value of the discriminant over the training set. The OBS pruning strategy examines the Hessian matrix of a network's error surface-derived from the training data-to determine which coefficients can be eliminated without adversely affecting the MSE,Besides simplifying the network, such a reduction may also allow for improved network performance when an unseen test data set is input. We present the application of the OBS pruning strategy to reduce the dimensionality of a polynomial discriminator and show that the reduction in dimensionality does not adversely affect performance. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ranney, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3178-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3704 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.1117/12.354591 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BN68U UT WOS:000082587000015 ER PT J AU Smirniotopoulos, JG Lonergan, GJ Abbott, RM Choyke, PL Czum, JM Dalrymple, NC DoDai, D Feigin, DS Ho, VB Leyendecker, JR Rovira, MJ AF Smirniotopoulos, JG Lonergan, GJ Abbott, RM Choyke, PL Czum, JM Dalrymple, NC DoDai, D Feigin, DS Ho, VB Leyendecker, JR Rovira, MJ TI Image interpretation session: 1998 SO RADIOGRAPHICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE arteriovenous malformations, pulmonary; emphysema, pulmonary; histiocytosis; melanoma; neurofibromatosis; sarcoidosis; sclerosis, tuberous; temporal bone, neoplasms; thymus, cysts; von Hippel-Landau disease ID LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS; VONHIPPEL-LINDAU DISEASE; SWYER-JAMES SYNDROME; RADIOLOGIC-PATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION; THYROGLOSSAL DUCT CARCINOMA; ENDOLYMPHATIC SAC TUMORS; T1-WEIGHTED MR-IMAGES; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; CT FINDINGS; GASTROINTESTINAL SARCOIDOSIS C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NIH, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Smirniotopoulos, JG (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Smirniotopoulos, James/D-3726-2011 NR 77 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PI EASTON PA 20TH AND NORTHAMPTON STS, EASTON, PA 18042 USA SN 0271-5333 J9 RADIOGRAPHICS JI Radiographics PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 19 IS 1 BP 205 EP 233 PG 29 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 158GB UT WOS:000078106700017 PM 10939917 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthy, T Davis, MT Stahl, DC Lee, TD AF Krishnamurthy, T Davis, MT Stahl, DC Lee, TD TI Liquid chromatography microspray mass spectrometry for bacterial investigations SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; CHAIN-REACTION PRODUCTS; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION; DNA-POLYMERASE; ELECTROSPRAY; DESORPTION; MICROORGANISMS; CELLS AB Cellular proteins (biomarkers) specific to any individual microorganism, determined by the direct mass spectral analysis of the corresponding intact cellular suspension, can be applied for the rapid and specific identification of the organisms present in unknown samples. The components of the bacterial suspensions, after a rapid separation over a Cls reversed-phase microcapillary column, were directly subjected to on-line electrospray ionization followed by analysis using an ion trap tandem mass spectrometer, This approach is equally effective for gram-positive as well as gram-negative bacteria but has a distinct advantage over our earlier reported method involving matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). During electrospray ionitation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), liquid samples can be directly analyzed and there is the potential for developing tandem mass spectral methods for more specific identification of the individual organisms present in crude bacterial mixtures. The total analysis time leading to unambiguous bacterial identification in samples was less than 10 minutes and the results were quite reproducible. Miniaturization of the instrumentation along with total automation of this simple process could have immense impact on field operations. Routine, rapid, cost-effective field monitoring of environmental samples, agricultural products, samples from food processing, industrial sites and health institutions for suspected bacterial contamination could be a reality in the near future. Potential utility in biological, medical, bioprocessing, pharmaceutical, and other industrial research is also enormous. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, R&T Directorate, Edgewood RD&E Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Beckman Res Inst, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. RP Krishnamurthy, T (reprint author), USA, R&T Directorate, Edgewood RD&E Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM txKrishn@cbdcom.apgea.army.mil NR 36 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 1999 VL 13 IS 1 BP 39 EP 49 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(19990115)13:1<39::AID-RCM445>3.0.CO;2-7 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 156EF UT WOS:000077987900007 PM 9921688 ER PT S AU Shen, H Pamulapati, J Taysing, M Wood, MC Lareau, RT Ervin, MH Mackenzie, JD Ren, F Abernathy, CR Zavada, JM AF Shen, H Pamulapati, J Taysing, M Wood, MC Lareau, RT Ervin, MH Mackenzie, JD Ren, F Abernathy, CR Zavada, JM BE Jiang, S Honkanen, S TI 1.55 mu m Er-doped GaN LED SO RARE-EARTH-DOPED MATERIALS AND DEVICES III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Rare-Earth-Doped Materials and Devices III CY JAN 27-28, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy DE erbium doped; GaN; 1.55mm emission ID FIBER AMPLIFIER; ERBIUM; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; 1.54-MU-M AB Erbium (Er) doped semiconductors are of interest for light-emitting device applications operating at around 1.55 mu m and for the potential integration with other semiconductor devices. However, the optical emission of Er3+ ions in semiconductors has not been as efficient as in dielectric materials, particularly at room temperature. This may be because ionic bonds, which are characteristic of dielectrics, are better suited for forming the required Er3+ energy levels than are covalent bonds, which are present in most III-V semiconductors. In this paper, we report 1.55 mu m emission from an Er-doped GaN LED. We also discuss effect of the measurement temperature on the emission spectrum as well as the effect of sample annealing on the emission spectrum. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shen, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3092-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3622 BP 107 EP 111 DI 10.1117/12.344498 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BM84T UT WOS:000079917300013 ER PT J AU Winter, JM Green, RE Waters, AM Green, WH AF Winter, JM Green, RE Waters, AM Green, WH TI X-ray computed tomography of ultralightweight metals SO RESEARCH IN NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article AB In recent years several universities, government laboratories, and private industries have been developing specific process technologies, analytical modeling tools, and characterization methods for highly porous metals and alloys frequently collectively termed "ultralightweight metals." The goal has been to achieve a family of metallic structures that are analogs to the organic cellular materials that exhibit high stiffness and a low specific weight. A number of different and distinct processes have evolved and are still largely not yet mature. To date, the imaging capabilities of X-ray computed tomography have not been generally employed to nondestructively examine the internal structure of the products formed by these various processes. This article briefly reviews the principles and terminology of X-ray computed tomography as it has evolved through successive generations and then presents several types of computed tomographic images of ultralightweight metallic specimens produced by different process technologies. The images for each specimen are preceded by a brief description of the process technology that created it. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USA, Rodman Mat Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Winter, JM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0934-9847 J9 RES NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI Res. Nondestruct. Eval. PY 1999 VL 11 IS 4 BP 199 EP 211 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 261CF UT WOS:000083989700002 ER PT J AU Rosen, DL AF Rosen, DL TI Bacterial endospore detection using photoluminescence from terbium dipicolinate SO REVIEWS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM ORTHO-PHOSPHATE; CHIRAL DISCRIMINATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; LANTHANIDE IONS; FLUORESCENCE; SOLUBILITY; COMPLEXES; 25-MILLION-YEAR-OLD; CHLORIDE; BINDING AB A new method of detecting endospores and its scientific background are reviewed. The new method of detecting bacterial endospores has the following steps: terbium cation is added to a sample potentially containing bacterial endospores, terbium dipicolinate forms when the terbium cations react with dipicolinate anions released from bacterial spore cases, solid particles are filtered from the suspension, and photoluminescence from terbium dipicolinate is measured. Research on both endospores and terbium dipicolinate photoluminescence is reviewed. Furthermore, compounds and biological materials that could interfere with this detection method were tested and the results are listed. Phosphate anions and some biological particles reduced the signal of the terbium-treated endospores while aquo-terbium cation generates a photoluminescent background. False positive detection of bacterial endospores has not proven to be a significant limitation of this method. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 52 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI LONDON PA STE 500, CHESHAM HOUSE, 150 REGENT ST, LONDON W1R 5FA, ENGLAND SN 0048-752X J9 REV ANAL CHEM JI Rev. Anal. Chem. PY 1999 VL 18 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 21 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 205YT UT WOS:000080849200002 ER PT B AU Stockton, G Roark, DM AF Stockton, G Roark, DM GP USDA USDA USDA TI Upper Rio Grande Water Operations Model: A tool for enhanced system management SO RIO GRANDE ECOSYSTEMS: LINKING LAND, WATER, AND PEOPLE: TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR THE MIDDLE RIO GRANDE BASIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Workshop on Rio Grande Ecosystems - Linking Land, Water, and People CY JUN 02-05, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Fish & Wildlife Serv Bosque Improvement Grp AB The Upper Rio Grande Water Operations Model (URGWOM) under development through a multi-agency effort has demonstrated capability to represent the physical river/reservoir system, to track and account for Rio Grande flows and imported San Juan flows, and to forecast flows at various points in the system. Testing of the Rio Chama portion of the water operations model was completed in March 1998. Results indicate that RiverWare software can be used to model the entire upper Rio Grande system. Model development is in progress on the mainstem of the Rio Grande. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Stockton, G (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA PY 1999 BP 61 EP 67 PG 7 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BN45S UT WOS:000081958400012 ER PT B AU Conroy, PJ Heimerl, JM Fisher, E AF Conroy, PJ Heimerl, JM Fisher, E BE Amadei, B Kranz, RL Scott, GA Smeallie, PH TI Rapid excavation and mining (REAM) system - Revisited SO ROCK MECHANICS FOR INDUSTRY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th US Rock Mechanics Symposium (Vail Rocks 99) CY JUN 06-09, 1999 CL VAIL, CO SP Amer Rock Mech Assoc, Amer Rock Mech Assoc Fdn AB The rapid excavation and mining (REAM) system utilizes large and medium caliber smoothbore cannon to launch inert kinetic energy projectiles to spall rock fascias for mining and excavation applications. Historically, field tests had been conducted against various obstacles and two test bores 3.5 m in diameter were excavated into granite, one of which was taken to a test depth of 17 m. A cost analysis had been performed using the experimental data collected from the program in the 1970s. Advance rates that were limited only by the estimated ability to remove muck were assumed in this analysis. These assumptions lead to boring rates that were not only more than three times faster than conventional drill and blast techniques but also considerably cheaper. The economic analysis has been recomputed with the aid of empirical cost functions from the US Bureau of Mines. It has been found that under certain circumstances the REAM technique uses less propellant per kilogram of ore produced than conventional drill and blast methods. Also, if cost is not an issue then the REAM technique can provide advance rates unobtainable by conventional methods. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Conroy, PJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-052-3 PY 1999 BP 93 EP 100 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BN34G UT WOS:000081666500014 ER PT B AU Mather, B AF Mather, B BE Cabrera, JG RiveraVillarreal, R TI Use of admixtures to produce concrete that will be immune to the effects of freezing and thawing SO ROLE OF ADMIXTURES IN HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE SE RILEM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Role of Admixtures in High Performance Concrete CY MAR 21-26, 1999 CL MONTERREY, MEXICO SP Cementos Mexicanos SA AB Concrete will be immune to the effects of freezing and thawing if 1) it is not in an environment where freezing and thawing take place so as to cause freezable water in the concrete to freeze, 2) when freezing takes place there are no pores in the concrete large enough to hold freezable water (i.e. no capillary cavities), d) during freezing of freezable water, the pores containing freezable water are never more than 91 percent filled, i.e. not critically saturated, 4) during freezing of freezable water the pores containing freezable water are more than 91 percent full, the paste has an air-void system with an air bubble located not more than 0.2 mm (0.008 in) from anywhere (L ($) over bar less than or equal to 0.2 mm), sound aggregate, and moderate maturity. Sound aggregate is aggregate that does not contain significant amounts of accessible capillary pore space that is likely to be critically saturated when freezing occurs. The way to establish that such is the case, is to subject properly air-entrained, properly mature concrete, made with the aggregate in question, to an appropriate laboratory freezing-and-thawing test such as ASTM C 666 Procedure A. Moderate maturity means that the originally mixing water-filled space has been reduced by cement hydration and, when appropriate, pozzolanic reaction so that the remaining capillary porosity that can hold freezable water is a small enough fractional volume of the paste so that the expansion of the water on freezing can be accommodated by the air-void system. Such maturity will have been attained when the compressive strength reaches about 28 MPa. C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Mather, B (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU R I L E M PUBLICATIONS PI BAGNEUX PA 157 RUE DES BLAINS, 92220 BAGNEUX, FRANCE BN 2-912143-05-5 J9 RILEM PROC PY 1999 VL 5 BP 245 EP 254 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS14F UT WOS:000168821200017 ER PT J AU Kipp, JW AF Kipp, JW TI Russian Navy (1720-1917): Bibliographic guide to publications of the naval record SO RUSSIAN REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 Foreign Mil Studies Off, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. RP Kipp, JW (reprint author), Foreign Mil Studies Off, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0036-0341 J9 RUSS REV JI Russ. Rev. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 58 IS 1 BP 162 EP 163 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 163NT UT WOS:000078399700040 ER PT J AU Kipp, JW AF Kipp, JW TI Russian State Archives, VMF: Annotated list of inventories of the collections (1696-1917) SO RUSSIAN REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 Foreign Mil Studies Off, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. RP Kipp, JW (reprint author), Foreign Mil Studies Off, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0036-0341 J9 RUSS REV JI Russ. Rev. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 58 IS 1 BP 162 EP 163 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 163NT UT WOS:000078399700039 ER PT J AU Kipp, JW AF Kipp, JW TI Autographs by Peter the Great: A catalogue SO RUSSIAN REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 Foreign Mil Studies Off, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. RP Kipp, JW (reprint author), Foreign Mil Studies Off, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0036-0341 J9 RUSS REV JI Russ. Rev. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 58 IS 1 BP 162 EP 163 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 163NT UT WOS:000078399700038 ER PT J AU McLeod, DG AF McLeod, DG TI Treatment of clinically organ confined prostate cancer SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY AND NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPARING RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; RADIATION-THERAPY; COMBINATION THERAPY; ANDROGEN ABLATION; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; STAGE; CARCINOMA; RADIOTHERAPY; EXPERIENCE; GOSERELIN C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP McLeod, DG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0036-5599 J9 SCAND J UROL NEPHROL JI Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol. PY 1999 VL 33 SU 203 BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 268VW UT WOS:000084438300008 ER PT J AU Davidson, M Krimm, R Williams, SJ Chesnutt, C Ward, S AF Davidson, M Krimm, R Williams, SJ Chesnutt, C Ward, S TI Managing the impacts of coastal hazards SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Davidson, M (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 40 IS 1 BP 65 EP 68 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 164GT UT WOS:000078455400023 ER PT B AU McCullough, CL AF McCullough, CL BE Sivasundaram, S TI Efficacy of intelligent processing in target identification: A case study SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NONLINEAR PROBLEMS IN AVIATION & AEROSPACE VOL 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Nonlinear Problems in Aviation and Aerospace CY APR 29-MAY 01, 1998 CL EMBRY RIDDLE AERONAUT UNIV, DAYTONA BEACH, FL SP Int Fed Nonlinear Analysts, Int Fed Informat Proc, Inst Elect & Electr Engineers Inc, Apollo Aerosp Int Inc, Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ HO EMBRY RIDDLE AERONAUT UNIV AB As part of a larger project on sensor fusion for optimal identification of ballistic missile type targets using information from disparate sensors, intelligent processing techniques are being evaluated and compared to more traditional pattern recognition methods. This paper discusses a case study in which a neural net and a fuzzy logic classifier are being compared to Bayesian identification for simulated infrared sensor data of targets in the presence of decoys and debris. Decision level fusion is also applied to the outputs of the three classifiers using each of the three classifier types to compare outcomes from single and fused decisions. While no conclusions can be drawn, as this is a snapshot of work in progress, indications are strong that intelligent processing methods compare favorably with the more traditional methods, and can, in some cases, offer superior performance. C1 USA, Space & Missile Def Command, SMDC,TC, SR, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. RP McCullough, CL (reprint author), USA, Space & Missile Def Command, SMDC,TC, SR, POB 1500, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN CONFERENCE PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE CB4 4RT PA PO BOX 806 COTTENHAM, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4RT, ENGLAND BN 0-9526643-1-3 PY 1999 BP 467 EP 471 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA BP59J UT WOS:000085602700057 ER PT J AU Newmark, J AF Newmark, J TI Musicians' dystonia: The case of Gary Graffman SO SEMINARS IN NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE musicians' cramp; focal dystonia; occupational medicine; post-traumatic dystonia ID FOCAL DYSTONIA; BOTULINUM TOXIN; WRITERS CRAMP; HAND AB A professional pianist developed career-ending focal dystonia, There is a possible relationship between the pianist's syndrome and his past playing history. Although the patient has derived very little benefit from various treatment modalities, his candor regarding his impairment indirectly led to the establishment of performing arts medicine as a recognized subspecialty of occupational medicine. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, CDR, USAMRICD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Newmark, J (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, CDR, USAMRICD, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0271-8235 J9 SEMIN NEUROL JI Semin. Neurol. PY 1999 VL 19 SU 1 BP 41 EP 45 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 246NB UT WOS:000083168900008 PM 10718527 ER PT S AU Kestler, MA Hanek, G Truebe, M Bolander, P AF Kestler, MA Hanek, G Truebe, M Bolander, P GP NRC TI Removing spring thaw load restrictions from low-volume roads - Development of a reliable, cost-effective method SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW-VOLUME ROADS 1999, VOL 2: PLANNING, ADMINISTRATION, AND ENVIRONMENT; DESIGN; MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE; OPERATIONS AND SAFETY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Low-Volume Roads CY MAY 23-26, 1999 CL BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA SP Transportat Res Board AB Low-volume roads in areas of seasonal freezing are highly susceptible to damage from trafficking during spring thaw. To minimize pavement damage, many agencies and states impose load restrictions during periods in which damage is most likely to occur. However, the magnitude and duration of reduced or prohibited hauling vary widely among agencies, and an optimal balance between maximizing local economy and minimizing road damage is rarely achieved. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service and the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory are evaluating a quantitative technique for removing load restrictions by developing correlations between pavement stiffness and soil moisture. Laboratory tests of the moisture sensors showed them to be accurate and repeatable under adverse freeze-thaw cycling. Preliminary analysis of field data showed that permanently installed time domain reflectometry and radio frequency soil moisture sensors strategically located throughout the forest road network will provide an affordable method for quantitatively determining when to remove load restrictions. Load restriction practices are reviewed, economic ramifications on the forest industry are briefly discussed, and laboratory and field test programs conducted to monitor soil moisture and pavement stiffness are outlined. In addition, instrumentation used for the study is described, observations from one of four national forest pavement test sites are presented, and the ongoing research to develop a method to remove load restrictions is discussed. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Umpqua Natl Forest, Roseburg, OR 97470 USA. Willamette Natl Forest, Eugene, OR 97440 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Reg Off, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Kestler, MA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06524-0 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 1999 IS 1652 BP 188 EP 197 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation SC Engineering; Transportation GA BN49E UT WOS:000082031400024 ER PT J AU Dubick, MA Villarreal, RL Elgjo, GI Kramer, GC AF Dubick, MA Villarreal, RL Elgjo, GI Kramer, GC TI Comparison between lactated Ringer's (LR) and hypertonic acetate dextran (HAD) resuscitation on tissue antioxidant status in an uncontrolled hemorrhage model in conscious sheep. SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMEDICAL PRESS PI AUGUSTA PA 1021 15TH ST, BIOTECH PARK STE 9,, AUGUSTA, GA 30901 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PY 1999 VL 11 SU 1 MA 235 BP 68 EP 68 DI 10.1097/00024382-199906001-00236 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 195YH UT WOS:000080279600236 ER PT J AU Vane, LA Elgio, GI Wade, CE Dubick, MA Kramer, GC AF Vane, LA Elgio, GI Wade, CE Dubick, MA Kramer, GC TI Titrated resuscitation with HSD enhances volume sparing compared to fixed volume infusions SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Shriners Burns Hosp, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Anesthesiol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMEDICAL PRESS PI AUGUSTA PA 1021 15TH ST, BIOTECH PARK STE 9,, AUGUSTA, GA 30901 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PY 1999 VL 11 SU 1 MA 264 BP 76 EP 77 DI 10.1097/00024382-199906001-00265 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 195YH UT WOS:000080279600265 ER PT J AU O'Neil, EF Neeley, BD Cargile, JD AF O'Neil, EF Neeley, BD Cargile, JD TI Tensile properties of very-high-strength concrete for penetration-resistant structures SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID TARGETS AB This paper describes the potential suitability of a new family of concrete mixtures for use in protective structures. Two very-high-strength concrete mixtures are discussed and experimental results of penetration studies on one of these are presented. The results are compared to penetration-study results of other, more conventional concrete mixtures, and the advantages of the very-high-strength mixtures are described. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Struct Lab, Concrete & Mat Div, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP O'Neil, EF (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Struct Lab, Concrete & Mat Div, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 20 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 17 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 1999 VL 6 IS 5-6 BP 237 EP 245 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 298UL UT WOS:000086157500002 ER PT J AU De Almeida, VF AF De Almeida, VF TI Domain deformation mapping: Application to variational mesh generation SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE variational mesh generation; domain deformation mapping; free and moving boundary problems ID SINGULAR PROBLEMS AB The purposes of this article are, first, to expose the mathematical similarities between variational mesh generation and hyperelasticity theory and, second, to show how elements and tools of hyperelasticity theory can be employed for analysis and practical construction of domain deformation mappings utilized in variational mesh generation. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. Univ Minnesota, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. RP De Almeida, VF (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. EM dalmeida@arc.umn.edu RI de Almeida, Valmor/P-5498-2016 OI de Almeida, Valmor/0000-0003-0899-695X NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 1999 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1252 EP 1275 DI 10.1137/S1064827594274760 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 192AN UT WOS:000080055400005 ER PT S AU Hilger, J Phung, D AF Hilger, J Phung, D BE Kadar, I TI Impact of adaptable computing technology on embedded aided target recognition processors SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition VIII CY APR 05-07, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sensor data processing; embedded processors; ATR; target cueing; adaptive computing AB This paper summarizes a study investigating the potential insertion of embedded high performance computing technology into a legacy processor architecture such as that found in U.S. Army ground platforms. The intended task to be performed by the embedded high performance computing technology is that of aiding human operators in their target acquisition activities by cueing these operators to potential targets. Insertion of this technology is constrained by two sets of requirements. The first set of requirements is given by the ground platform, such as a tank. The second set of requirements is formed from the mathematical algorithms used to process the sensor data. Results of this joint U.S. Army CECOM Night Vision & Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) study show no commercially available computing technology can meet all requirements. The study did show that inclusion of adaptable computing technology allowed most of the requirements to be met. This paper summarizes the methodology and models used to obtain these results as well as the impact of adaptable computing technology to embedded ATR processors. C1 USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Hilger, J (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3194-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3720 BP 152 EP 159 DI 10.1117/12.357154 PG 2 WC Mathematics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Mathematics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BN77R UT WOS:000082902100015 ER PT B AU Poindexter, EH Gerardi, GJ Keeble, DJ AF Poindexter, EH Gerardi, GJ Keeble, DJ BE Sundaram, KB Deen, MJ Brown, WD Sah, RE Poindexter, E Misra, D TI Contribution of P-b1 centers to midgap interface trap density in oxidized (100) silicon wafers SO SILICON NITRIDE AND SILICON DIOXIDE THIN INSULATING FILMS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Silicon Nitride and Silicon Dioxide Thin Insulating Films CY MAY 02-07, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Electrochem Soc, Dielect Sci & Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Electr & High Temp Mat Div ID RADIATION; SURFACES; HYDROGEN AB The correlation between midgap interface trap density D-it and concentration of P-b centers on oxidized (100) silicon has been re-examined. A rough correlation (1.1eV x D-it) approximate to 2[P-b] prevails overall, but the contributions of both P-b0 and P-b1 to D-it vary with circumstances. In dry-oxidized (100) wafers, D-it rises much more rapidly than [P-b0] or [P-b1] UP to [P-b0, P-b1] = 0.15 x 10(12)cm(-2), but is constant at D-it = 1.0 x 10(12)eV(-1)cm(-2) above that point. Despite some anomalies in behavior of P-b1 compared to P-b0 results can be ascribed to unique features of the P-b1 moiety, lattice mismatch with variable balance of dangling orbitals and strained bonds, and probable hydrogen effects. Overall correlations of D-it and P-b1 continue to favor its electrical role in regard to D-it. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Poindexter, EH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Keeble, David /C-6633-2012 OI Keeble, David /0000-0002-5378-799X NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-228-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 6 BP 120 EP 127 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Computer Science; Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BN99X UT WOS:000083811800011 ER PT S AU Ruffin, PB AF Ruffin, PB BE Varadan, VK TI Opportunities and challenges for MEMS technology in Army missile systems applications SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1999: SMART ELECTRONICS AND MEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 1999 Conference CY MAR 01-04, 1999 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, BFGoodrich Aerosp, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Army Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, Japan DE MEMS inertial sensors; MEMS arrays; distributed sensing and control; aerodynamic control AB The military market drives the thrust for the development of robust, high performance MicroElectro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) devices with applications such as: competent and smart munitions, aircraft and missile autopilots, tactical missile guidance, fire control systems, platform stabilization, smart structures with embedded inertial sensors, missile system health monitoring, aerodynamic flow control, and multiple intelligent small projectiles. Army missile applications will be a fertile market for MEMS products, such as MEMS-based inertial sensors. MEMS technology should significantly enhance performance and provide more robust mission capability in applications where arrays of MEMS devices are required. The Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center (MRDEC) is working diligently with other Government agencies, academia, and industry to develop high performing MEMS devices to withstand shock, vibration, temperature, humidity, and long-term storage conditions often encountered by Army missile systems. The goals of the ongoing DARPA MEMS technology programs will meet a significant portion of the Army missile systems requirements. In lieu of presenting an all-inclusive review of Army MEMS applications, this paper addresses a number of opportunities and associated challenges for MEMS systems operating in military environments. Near term applications and the less mature, high-risk applications of MEMS devices are addressed. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Ruffin, PB (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3147-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3673 BP 34 EP 44 DI 10.1117/12.354266 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BN68Q UT WOS:000082586000004 ER PT S AU Taleghani, BK Campbell, JF AF Taleghani, BK Campbell, JF BE Wereley, NM TI Non-linear finite element modeling of THUNDER piezoelectric actuators SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1999: SMART STRUCTURES AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 1999 Conference CY MAR 01-04, 1999 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, BFGoodrich Aerosp, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, US Army Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, Japan DE NASTRAN; finite element; non-linear; THUNDER; piezoelectric; actuator AB A NASTRAN non-linear finite element model has been developed for predicting the dome heights of THUNDER (THin Layer UNimorph Ferroelectric DrivER) piezoelectric actuators. To analytically validate the finite element model, a comparison was made with a non-linear plate solution using Von Karmen's approximation. A 500 volt input was used to examine the actuator deformation. The NASTRAN finite element model was also compared with experimental results. Four groups of specimens were fabricated and tested. Four different input voltages, which included 120, 160, 200, and 240 Vp-p with a 0 volts offset, were used for this comparison. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Vehicle Technol Ctr, Army Res Lab, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Taleghani, BK (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Vehicle Technol Ctr, Army Res Lab, MS 230, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 5 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3142-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3668 BP 555 EP 566 DI 10.1117/12.350733 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Optics GA BN32S UT WOS:000081632900049 ER PT S AU Bloemer, M Scalora, M AF Bloemer, M Scalora, M BE Lampert, CM Granqvist, CG TI Metallic optical filters with low sheet resistance SO SOLAR OPTICAL MATERIALS XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference on Solar Optical Material CY JUL 22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE transparent conductor; optical filter; low emittance coatings ID PHOTONIC BAND STRUCTURES; STOP BANDS; CRYSTALS; COMPONENTS; SYSTEMS AB A photonic band gap structure is periodic lattice of high and low refractive index materials that form pass bands and stop bands (band gaps) in analogy with electronic band gaps. Since metals are highly reflective, it was thought that a photonic band gap crystal containing alternating layers of metal and dielectric would not exhibit a photonic band structure. It was expected that all electromagnetic radiation would be reflected or absorbed and none would be transmitted. However, resonant funneling through multiple metal films can enhance the transmission by several orders of magnitude. The periodic nature of the metal/dielectric lattice causes the light to propagate through the metal layers with extremely low loss. Perhaps the most unique feature of the metallic optical filter is the ability to have a single pass band and block all other radiation from static fields to soft X-rays. This remarkable property is a result of the highly dispersive nature of metals. We have grown silver/magnesium fluoride samples containing a total of 10 optical skin depths of metal with >50% transmittance. The width of the pass band depends on the thickness of the metal layers. The thinner the metal, the broader the pass band. Pass bands spanning the entire visible spectrum with 70% transmittance can be achieved by having each metal layer approximately one skin depth thick (12nm). The measured sheet resistivities of the samples are <1ohm/sq. These metallic optical filters have applications as transparent conductors, antennas embedded in car windshields, sensor protection devices, and heat reflecting windows. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Bloemer, M (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3275-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3789 BP 50 EP 57 DI 10.1117/12.367570 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BN98C UT WOS:000083742200006 ER PT B AU Wolfenstine, J Huang, P Petric, A AF Wolfenstine, J Huang, P Petric, A BE Singhal, SC Dokiya, M TI High temperature mechanical behavior of La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.85Mg0.15O2.825 SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS (SOFC VI) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC-VI) CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div, Electrochem Soc, Battery Div, SOFC Soc Japan ID DOPED LAGAO3 PEROVSKITE; STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; CREEP; CONDUCTOR; OXIDE AB The creep behavior of fine-grained La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.85Mg0.15O2.825 (LSGM-2015) was investigated over the temperature range 1200 to 1300 degrees C. A value of the stress exponent close to unity, combined with brief creep transients (<2%), no deformation-induced dislocations and lack of grain shape change due to deformation suggest that the creep behavior is controlled grain boundary sliding accommodated by diffusion. The value of the grain size exponent close to two and an activation energy for creep of 520 kJ/mole suggest that the rate-controlling step is cation lattice diffusion. At 1300 degrees C the order of creep resistance is: CeO2> ZrO2 > LSGM-2015. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE DC, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wolfenstine, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE DC, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-242-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 19 BP 302 EP 307 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BN57J UT WOS:000082287800036 ER PT B AU Wolfenstine, J Cook, RE Goretta, KC Routbort, JL AF Wolfenstine, J Cook, RE Goretta, KC Routbort, JL BE Singhal, SC Dokiya, M TI Use of creep to investigate mass transport in (La,Sr)MnO3 SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS (SOFC VI) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC-VI) CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div, Electrochem Soc, Battery Div, SOFC Soc Japan ID OXIDATION-REDUCTION BEHAVIOR; SR-DOPED LAMNO3; DEFECT STRUCTURE; CHEMISTRY AB The creep behavior of fine-grained (La1-xSrx)(1-y)MnO3 (LSM) with x approximate to 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 and y approximate to 0.03 to 0.04 was investigated as a function of oxygen partial pressure (PO2) at 1250 degrees C. For (La1-xSrx)(1-y)MnO3 with x approximate to 0.1, 0.2 an oxygen partial pressure exponent, m approximate to 0.25 was observed at low oxygen partial pressures. At high oxygen partial pressures, m approximate to-0.16. For (La0.7Sr0.3)(1-y)MnO3 only, m approximate to 0.25 was exhibited over the entire PO2 range tested. The m values were not in agreement with the simple point defect model for LSM. The simple defect-chemistry model for LSM was modified based on cation non-stoichiometry. The modified defect-chemistry model yielded excellent agreement between the predicted and experimental m values. The effect of oxygen activity on deformation suggested that the rate-controlling defects are cation vacancies at low oxygen partial pressures and oxygen vacancies at high oxygen partial pressures. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE DC, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wolfenstine, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE DC, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-242-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 19 BP 355 EP 360 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BN57J UT WOS:000082287800042 ER PT S AU Taylor, TS Erbach, PS Friday, WA AF Taylor, TS Erbach, PS Friday, WA BE Scheps, R TI Spatial and temporal modulation of narrow linewidth flashlamp pumped dye lasers SO SOLID STATE LASERS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers VIII CY JAN 25-26, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE ID CRYSTAL LIGHT VALVE AB The application of liquid crystal spatial light modulation devices to reducing deleterious phase distortions on beam quality in flashlamp pumped dye lasers was investigated. Due to the birefringence and nematic properties of the liquid crystal devices (LCDs), the LCDs behaved as tunable etalons when used int a-cavity. Using a grating with a multi-prism Littrow (MPL) configuration and the LCD intra-cavity, linewidths on the order of 100 MHz were observed. C1 USA, AMCOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Taylor, TS (reprint author), USA, AMCOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3083-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3613 BP 125 EP 137 DI 10.1117/12.347697 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA BN09Q UT WOS:000080658300017 ER PT J AU Rosso, TE Ellzy, MW Jensen, JO Hameka, HF Zeroka, D AF Rosso, TE Ellzy, MW Jensen, JO Hameka, HF Zeroka, D TI Vibrational frequencies and structural determinations of 1,4-dithiane SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE 1,4,-dithiane; infrared spectra; vibrational frequencies; structural determinations AB We present a detailed analysis of the structure and infrared spectra of 1,4-dithiane. The vibrational frequencies of the 1,4-dithiane molecule were analyzed using standard quantum chemical techniques. Frequencies were calculated at the MP2 and DFT levels of theory using the standard 6-31G* basis set. The symmetry of the 1,4-dithiane molecule makes it an interesting candidate for study. The molecule exists normally in a C-2h configuration similar to the chair form of cyclohexane. A high-energy form of 1,4-dithiane with D-2 symmetry also exists. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Rosso, TE (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1386-1425 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA A JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 55 IS 1 BP 121 EP 134 PG 14 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 155DJ UT WOS:000077930600012 ER PT B AU Dallriva, FD Davis, JL AF Dallriva, FD Davis, JL BE Avent, RR Alawady, M TI Precision experiments for evaluating FE models SO STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 New Orleans Structures Congress CY APR 18-21, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Struct Engn Inst, Struct Engineers Assoc Alabama AB Experiments were conducted to evaluate the capability of structural analysts, using nonlinear finite-element methods, to predict the response of reinforced concrete walls subjected to the airblast from the detonation of bare explosive charges. Each experiment involved a detonation in the center bay of a three-bay structure to produce damage to the two interior walls. In each structure, the two interior walls were of identical design for evaluating the repeatability of the structural response. Instrumentation was installed to provide measurements of the airblast environment and the structural response. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Dallriva, FD (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0421-6 PY 1999 BP 699 EP 702 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP25N UT WOS:000084507400157 ER PT B AU Walsh, SM AF Walsh, SM BE Chang, FK TI Practical issues in the development and deployment of intelligent systems and structures SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONTORING 2000 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY SEP 08-10, 1999 CL STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, USA Res Off, Fed Highway Adm, Natl Sci Fdn HO STANFORD UNIV AB The notion of smart materials and intelligent structures continues to diversify and benefit from advances in a broad range of technical areas. The purpose of the present paper is to explicitly identify not only the promise of smart materials but also the barriers limiting their introduction into future systems. A major finding is that, while significant issues still exist, the primary barrier resides in the lack of an economic incentive to aggressively adopt smart materials and structures. Yet another weakness is a perceived lack of integration of the smart materials into a comprehensive, effectively linked and user friendly system. Finally, the paper discusses a new concept, referred to as "NDERM" technology wherein NDERM is an acronym for NDE Ready Materials; the concept is offered as potential and practical bridge between established and accepted NDE technology with the more notional and evolving concepts developed under smart material and intelligent structure paradigms. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Walsh, SM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA BN 1-56676-881-0 PY 1999 BP 553 EP 560 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BP03P UT WOS:000083947300054 ER PT B AU Blanas, F Rigas, E Das-Gupta, DK AF Blanas, F Rigas, E Das-Gupta, DK BE Chang, FK TI Health monitoring of composite structures using composite piezoelectric transducers SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONTORING 2000 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY SEP 08-10, 1999 CL STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, USA Res Off, Fed Highway Adm, Natl Sci Fdn HO STANFORD UNIV ID CERAMIC/POLYMER AB The feasibility of employing piezoelectric composite materials as sensors for load monitoring and damage detection in composite structures has been studied. Polymer based piezoelectric composites have been fabricated and embedded in fiber reinforced composite structures. In this paper the response of the embedded sensors to cyclic and impact loading as well as their response to elastic waves generated in composite plates will be presented and discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, AMRSL,WM,MB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, AMRSL,WM,MB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA BN 1-56676-881-0 PY 1999 BP 635 EP 642 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BP03P UT WOS:000083947300062 ER PT S AU Kappra, KA Ressler, MA Nguyen, L Ton, T AF Kappra, KA Ressler, MA Nguyen, L Ton, T BE Nguyen, C TI Army research laboratory landmine and unexploded ordnance experiments and results SO SUBSURFACE SENSORS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Subsurface Sensors and Applications CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE ultra-wideband radar; ground penetrating radar; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); unexploded ordnance; mine detection AB The (ARL), as part of customer and mission-funded exploratory development programs, has been evaluating low-frequency, ultra-wideband imaging radar for detection of buried mines and unexploded ordnance. As part of these programs, ARL has designed and built an instrumentation-grade radar measurement asset. In addition, ARL has established and conducted experiments at two nationally significant subsurface target test sites at Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona, and Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. This paper reviews the significance of the test sites and recent modeling and data analysis results using the Eglin and Yuma data. It also discusses the difference in soil conditions from these data collections and the impact that they may have on mine radar cross section (RCS) and detection performance. Finally, new imagery is presented that shows positive contrast of low metal content mines at these test sites. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kappra, KA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE RU, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3238-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3752 BP 402 EP 413 DI 10.1117/12.365722 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BN95D UT WOS:000083637300041 ER PT J AU Varma, A Palshin, V Meletis, EI Fountzoulas, C AF Varma, A Palshin, V Meletis, EI Fountzoulas, C TI Tribological behaviour of Si-DLC coatings SO SURFACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; FILMS; WEAR AB Amorphous silicon containing diamondlike carbon (Si-DLC) films were prepared by Ar+ ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) on silicon wafers, with coating thickness ranging from 0.6 to 4.0 mu m. The films were examined with SEM, TEM, and FTIR spectroscopy. The TEM analysis showed that the films were mainly amorphous and composed of diamondlike and graphitelike domains. The relative amounts of sp(3) and sp(2) bonding types in Si-DLC were determined by IR spectroscopy and the sp(3)/sp(2) ratio was found to depend strongly on the current density in the ion beam, ranging from 1.4 for 163 mu A cm(-2) to 5.4 for 85 mu A cm(-2). Infrared absorption features corresponding to Si-H and Si-C bonds were observed, illustrating the role of Si atoms in a DLC structure. Pin on disc experiments were conducted to characterise the tribological behaviour of the Si-DLC films. The results showed that the films exhibit high wear resistance and low coefficient of friction. The results suggest that the wear behaviour is affected by film thickness and its diamondlike character. Thick films with low sp(3)/sp(2) ratios demonstrated ultralow wear rates in short duration tests. However; films with high sp(3)/sp(2) ratios may be suitable for long duration applications since they exhibit slower transformation kinetics. (C) 1999 IoM Communications Ltd. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Varma, A (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU INST MATERIALS PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND SN 0267-0844 J9 SURFACE ENG JI Surf. Eng. PY 1999 VL 15 IS 4 BP 301 EP 306 DI 10.1179/026708499101516641 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 238NL UT WOS:000082716300006 ER PT J AU Wells, MGH Beck, JC Middleton, RM Huang, PJ Wert, DE AF Wells, MGH Beck, JC Middleton, RM Huang, PJ Wert, DE TI Rolling contact fatigue behaviour of pyrowear 675 SO SURFACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB This work represents one phase of a comprehensive gear and bearing materials programme, involving both substrates and coatings. The programme is directed at enhancing both the performance and durability of gears and bearings for insertion into military systems. This paper deals specifically with the Pyrowear 675 alloy, a carburising stainless steel recently developed by Carpenter Technology Corp. The rolling contact fatigue (RCF) performance of steel specimens with four different heat treatments is presented. The optimum heat treatment produced a fivefold inn ease in both B10 and B50 lifetimes compared with M50 steel, the standard turbine engine bearing steel. Thus, the improved RCF performance combined with good corresion resistance make Pyrowear 675 alloy an attractive candidate for advanced bearing applications. (C) 1999 IoM Communications Ltd. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Wells, MGH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0267-0844 J9 SURF ENG JI Surf. Eng. PY 1999 VL 15 IS 4 BP 321 EP 323 DI 10.1179/026708499101516687 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 238NL UT WOS:000082716300010 ER PT S AU Tofsted, DH O'Brien, SG Koenig, GG AF Tofsted, DH O'Brien, SG Koenig, GG BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Visible through near-IR solar loading influences on characterization SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds - Characterization and Representation V CY APR 05-07, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE illumination; solar loading; radiative transfer; atmospheric/environmental effects AB The ability of sensors to discriminate objects in scenes depends on the scene composition and interactions with the available incident radiation. As sensors and camouflage techniques become more complex the nature of the energy interactions become more important to model accurately. Specific areas of interest are the influences of fluctuations in incident total solar loading radiation on terrain surfaces. The means used to produce 3D radiative calculations over the solar spectrum involves coupling the Air Force's Moderate-resolution Transmission (MODTRAN) code to the Army's 3D Atmospheric Illumination Module (AIM). The solar loading outputs calculated by these coupled codes are then used as input to the Army Smart Weapons Operability Enhancement (SWOE) thermal models. Variations in incident radiation produce surface temperature variations of up to 8 degrees C. In the paper we describe the means of evaluating solar loading effects using a correlated-k-distribution-like algorithm to compress spectral processing, and show comparisons between measured and modeled results. C1 USA, Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. RP Tofsted, DH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3173-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3699 BP 173 EP 184 DI 10.1117/12.352949 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN52F UT WOS:000082112100018 ER PT S AU Meitzler, TJ Sohn, E Singh, H Elgarhi, A AF Meitzler, TJ Sohn, E Singh, H Elgarhi, A BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Predicting search time in visual scenes using the fuzzy logic approach SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds - Characterization and Representation V CY APR 05-07, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID PROBABILITY AB The mean search time of observers looking for targets in visual scenes with clutter is computed using the Fuzzy Logic Approach (FLA). The FLA is presented by the authors as a robust method for the computation of search times and or probabilities of detection for signature management decisions. The Mamdani/Assilian and Sugeno models have been investigated and are compared. A 44 image data set from TNO is used to build and validate the fuzzy logic model for detection. The input parameters are the: local luminance, range, aspect, width, wavelet edge points and the single output is search time. The Mamdani/Assilian model gave predicted mean search times from data not used in the training set that had a 0.957 correlation to the field search times. The data set is reduced using a clustering method then modeled using the FLA and results are compared to experiment. C1 USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Warren, MI USA. RP Meitzler, TJ (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Warren, MI USA. RI Meitzler, Thomas/D-1065-2017 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3173-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3699 BP 300 EP 309 DI 10.1117/12.352958 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN52F UT WOS:000082112100029 ER PT S AU Buford, JA Jolly, AC Mobley, SB AF Buford, JA Jolly, AC Mobley, SB BE Murrer, RL TI Advancements in HWIL simulation at the US Army Aviation & Missile Command SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing IV CY APR 05-07, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB A greater awareness of and increased interest in the use of modeling and simulation (M&S) has been demonstrated at many levels within the Department of Defense (DoD) and all the Armed Services agencies in recent years. M&S application is regarded as a viable means of lowering the life cycle costs of missile defense and tactical missile weapon system acquisition beginning with studies of new concepts of war-fighting through user training and post-deployment support. The Missile Research, Engineering, and Development Center (MRDEC) of the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) has an extensive history of applying all types of M&S to weapon system development and has been a particularly strong advocate of hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulation and test for many years. Over the past 40 years MRDEC has developed and maintained the Advanced Simulation Center (ASC) which provides world-class, high fidelity, specific and dedicated HWIL simulation and test capabilities for the Army's missile defense and tactical missile program offices in both the infrared and radio frequency sensor domains. The ASC facility uses M&S to conduct daily HWIL missile simulations and tests to support flight tests, missile/system development, independent verification and validation of weapon system embedded software and simulations, and missile/system performance against current and future threat environments. This paper describes the ASC role, recaps the past year, describes the HWIL components and advancements, and outlines the path-ahead for the ASC in terms of both missile and complete system HWIL simulations and test with a focus on the imaging infrared systems. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMCOM, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Buford, JA (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMCOM, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3171-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3697 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BN65U UT WOS:000082494700003 ER PT S AU Mobley, SB Cole, JS AF Mobley, SB Cole, JS BE Murrer, RL TI Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of dual-mode common aperture seekers at the US Army Aviation and Missile Command SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing IV CY APR 05-07, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE hardware-in-the-loop; simulations; dichroic; infrared; millimeter wave; dual-mode; common-aperture; seekers; real-time ID SCENE GENERATION; IMAGE PROJECTION; SIGNAL INJECTION AB The U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) Advanced Simulation Center (ASC) provides hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulation support to Program Executive Officers (PEO) and Project Managers (PM) who are responsible for developing and fielding precision guided missiles and sub-munitions for the U.S. Army. The ASC is also engaged in cooperative HWIL simulation tasks supporting other Armed Service Agencies, NATO and other U.S. allies. HWIL simulation provides a means of exercising missile guidance and control hardware in simulated flight, wherein the missile sensors are stimulated with input signals which make the system behave as though it were in actual operation. Real-time computers are used to control the target and countermeasure signatures and battlefield scenarios. Missile flight dynamics, responding to the commands issued by the guidance and control system hardware/software, are simulated in real-time to determine the missile trajectory and to calculate target intercept conditions. The ASC consists of 12 HWIL simulation facilities developed over a period of 20 years. These facilities contain special purpose infrared and RF signal generation equipment, flight motion simulators, radiation chambers, optics, and computers. They provide in-band target signatures, countermeasures, and background scenarios in the microwave, millimeter wave, infrared and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The ASC HWIL simulation facilities are an important source of test and evaluation data and have a critical role in all phases of a missile system life cycle. The development of a new generation of missile systems that use multi-spectral seekers has imposed unique and difficult requirements on ASC HWIL simulation facilities. For the past three years, the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) has been developing a HWIL simulation facility to test common aperture multi-spectral missile seekers. This paper discusses the problems encountered during the development of this facility, the solutions, and the resulting capability of this unique HWIL simulation facility. The ASC is managed and operated by the Systems Simulation and Development Directorate of the Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center, Redstone Arsenal, Alabama. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM, RD,SS, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Mobley, SB (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM, RD,SS, HW Bldg 5400, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3171-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3697 BP 72 EP 79 DI 10.1117/12.352932 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BN65U UT WOS:000082494700007 ER PT J AU Reuss, M AF Reuss, M TI Building the nineteenth century. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Off Hist, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Reuss, M (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Off Hist, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 40 IS 1 BP 145 EP 146 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 171WH UT WOS:000078886700022 ER PT J AU Trowbridge, D AF Trowbridge, D TI Art of the (im)possible? SO TECHNOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Letter C1 USA, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Trowbridge, D (reprint author), USA, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS INST TECHNOL PI CAMBRIDGE PA BUILDING W59, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0040-1692 J9 TECHNOL REV JI Technol. Rev. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 102 IS 1 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 151UA UT WOS:000077738000014 ER PT B AU Kennedy, RH AF Kennedy, RH BE Tundisi, JG Straskraba, M TI Reservoir design and operation: Limnological implications and management opportunities SO THEORETICAL RESERVOIR ECOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Theoretical Reservoir Ecology and its Applications CY JAN 26-30, 1999 CL SAO PEDRO, BRAZIL SP FAPESP, FINEP, SEBRAE, FUNDACAO PARQTEC, Int Lake Environm Comm DE reservoirs; limnology; engineering; management ID PHYTOPLANKTON; DYNAMICS; LAKES AB Unlike natural lakes, reservoirs and the dams that impound them are engineered systems designed to meet specific uses. Linkages between why reservoirs are required, how and where they are subsequently constructed, and the manner in which they are ultimately operated provide insight to their limnological character. Understanding these linkages provides a better understanding of reservoir limnology and offers the means to develop and implement ecologically-sound management strategies. Discussed here are basic principles of reservoir engineering as they relate to the limnology of reservoirs. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kennedy, RH (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Kennedr@exl.wes.army.mil NR 66 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE ECOLOGY PI SAO CARLOS PA RUA ALFREDO LOPES, 1717, VILA ELIZABETH, S D05, BR-13560460 SAO CARLOS, SP, BRAZIL BN 85-87418-02-5 PY 1999 BP 1 EP 28 PG 28 WC Ecology; Engineering, Geological; Fisheries; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BP90N UT WOS:000086563300001 ER PT B AU Patil, AS Bolton, CW AF Patil, AS Bolton, CW GP CEB CEB TI Future cooling concepts for the soldier under extreme conditions SO THERMAL PROTECTION OF MAN UNDER HOT AND HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thermal Protection of Man Under Hot and Hazardous Conditions CY MAR 24-26, 1999 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Soc Francaise Thericiens, Direct Ctr Expertise & Essais, Int Inst Refrigerat C1 USA, CECOM, RD&E Ctr, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Patil, AS (reprint author), USA, CECOM, RD&E Ctr, 10108 Grindley Rd,Suite 1, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTRE D'ETUDES DU BOUCHET PI VERT LE PETIT PA BP3, F-91710 VERT LE PETIT, FRANCE PY 1999 BP 129 EP 133 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BP60N UT WOS:000085623800021 ER PT S AU Kruger, JS Guazzoni, G Nawrocki, SJ AF Kruger, JS Guazzoni, G Nawrocki, SJ BE Coutts, TJ Benner, JP Allman, CS TI Army thermophotovoltaic efforts SO THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY: FOURTH NREL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th NREL Conference on Thermophotovoltaic Generation of Electricity CY OCT 11-14, 1998 CL DENVER, CO SP Natl Renewable Engergy Lab AB A presentation and description of the several efforts in Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) Energy Conversion for power generation supported/monitored by the Army is provided with their more recent technical status and results. The efforts are related to small business (SBIR, STTR) contracts, academic research grants (MURI), and contracts awarded as the result of specialized solicitations. This paper covers a number of Army potential uses of the TPV power generation and is an attempt to give a more cohesive and integrated picture of the various military interests in TPV. With the exception of low power (<10 W) units, all Army potential uses of TPV power sources will demand operation with logistically available fuels. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kruger, JS (reprint author), USA, Res Off, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-828-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 460 BP 30 EP 35 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BM77N UT WOS:000079730800002 ER PT B AU Wingate, MR AF Wingate, MR GP ASFPM ASFPM TI Non-structural flood control measures for Lafayette Parish, Louisiana SO TIMES ARE CHANGING, PROCEEDINGS: FLOOD MITIGATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Conference of the Association-of-State-Floodplain-Managers CY MAY 17-22, 1998 CL MILWAUKEE, WI SP Assoc State Floodplain Managers C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Wingate, MR (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOCIATION STATE FLOODPLAIN MANAGERS, INC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 2051, MADISON, WI 53701-2051 USA PY 1999 BP 58 EP 64 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BP17P UT WOS:000084314000010 ER PT B AU Wingate, MR AF Wingate, MR GP ASFPM ASFPM TI Geographic information system mapping for East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana SO TIMES ARE CHANGING, PROCEEDINGS: FLOOD MITIGATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Conference of the Association-of-State-Floodplain-Managers CY MAY 17-22, 1998 CL MILWAUKEE, WI SP Assoc State Floodplain Managers C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Wingate, MR (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOCIATION STATE FLOODPLAIN MANAGERS, INC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 2051, MADISON, WI 53701-2051 USA PY 1999 BP 67 EP 72 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BP17P UT WOS:000084314000011 ER PT B AU Brown, LM AF Brown, LM GP ASFPM ASFPM TI Real time hydrologic data through the Internet - Lafayette Parish, Louisiana SO TIMES ARE CHANGING, PROCEEDINGS: FLOOD MITIGATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Conference of the Association-of-State-Floodplain-Managers CY MAY 17-22, 1998 CL MILWAUKEE, WI SP Assoc State Floodplain Managers C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Brown, LM (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOCIATION STATE FLOODPLAIN MANAGERS, INC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 2051, MADISON, WI 53701-2051 USA PY 1999 BP 85 EP 90 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BP17P UT WOS:000084314000014 ER PT J AU Scott, GI Fulton, MH Moore, DW Wirth, EF Chandler, GT Key, PB Daugomah, JW Strozier, ED Devane, J Clark, JR Lewis, MA Finley, DB Ellenberg, W Karnaky, KJ AF Scott, GI Fulton, MH Moore, DW Wirth, EF Chandler, GT Key, PB Daugomah, JW Strozier, ED Devane, J Clark, JR Lewis, MA Finley, DB Ellenberg, W Karnaky, KJ TI Assessment of risk reduction strategies for the management of agricultural nonpoint source pesticide runoff in estuarine ecosystems SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE azinphosmethyl; best management practices; endosulfan; fenvalerate; grass shrimp; integrated pest management; mummichog; P-glycoprotein; retention ponds ID P-GLYCOPROTEIN; TOXICITY AB Agricultural nonpoint source (NPS) runoff may result in significant discharges of pesticides, suspended sediments, and fertilizers into estuarine habitats adjacent to agricultural areas or downstream from agricultural watersheds. Exposure of estuarine fin fish and shellfish to toxic levels of pesticides may occur, resulting in significant declines in field populations. Integrated pest management (IPM), best management practices (BMP), and retention ponds (RP) are risk management tools that have been proposed to reduce the contaminant risk from agricultural NPS runoff into estuarine ecosystems. Field studies were conducted at three sites within coastal estuarine ecosystems of South Carolina (SC) from 1985 to 1990 that varied in terms of the amount and degree of risk reduction strategies employed. An intensively managed (IPM, BMP, and RP) agricultural treatment site (TRT) was studied for pesticide runoff impacts. From 1985 to 1987, there were minimal (some IPM and BMP) management activities at TRT, but from 1988 to 1990, TRT was managed using an intensive risk reduction strategy. A second unmanaged agricultural growing area, Kiawah (KWA), was also studied and compared with TRT in terms of pesticide runoff and the resulting impacts on grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) and mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus). A third, non-agricultural, reference site (CTL) was used for comparing results from the managed and unmanaged agricultural sites. In situ toxicity tests and field samples of the grass shrimp populations were conducted at each site and compared in terms of survival and the effectiveness of current risk reduction strategies. Significant runoff of insecticides (azinphosmethyl, endosulfan, and fenvalerate) along with several fish kills were observed at TRT prior to the implementation of rigorous risk reduction methods, A significant reduction of in stream pesticide concentrations (up to 90%) was observed at TRT following the implementation of strict NPS runoff controls, which greatly reduced impacts on estuarine fish and shellfish. At the unmanaged KWA, continued impacts due to the runoff of these insecticides were observed, along with several fish kills. Additional monitoring indicated that gravid female grass shrimp populations from KWA had elevated levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a multidrug resistance protein, which may transport various pesticides across cellular membranes. Comparison of field results with laboratory toxicity tests established that pesticide exposure was the primary cause of observed field impacts at each site. These findings clearly indicate the value of an integrated risk reduction strategy (BMP, IPM, and RP) for minimizing impacts from NPS agricultural pesticide runoff. C1 US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Exxon Biomed, Houston, TX USA. US EPA, Gulf Sci Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Program, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Mt Desert Isl Biol Lab, Salsbury Cove, ME 04672 USA. RP Scott, GI (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston Lab, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM g.scott@noaa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES03828] NR 34 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 15 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JAN-MAR PY 1999 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 200 EP 213 DI 10.1191/074823399678846673 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 295BF UT WOS:000085945500018 PM 10188203 ER PT J AU Doebler, JA AF Doebler, JA TI Membrane potential and resistance changes in NG108-15 cells: An in vitro model to study membrane-active compounds SO TOXICOLOGY METHODS LA English DT Article DE gramicidin D; in vitro model; membrane potential; membrane resistance; minoxidil; NG108-15 cells; ouabain ID GLIOMA HYBRID-CELLS; SYNAPSE FORMATION; SULFUR MUSTARD; MUSCLE CELLS; MODULATION; GRAMICIDIN; CULTURE; NEURONS; CHANNEL AB The objective of this work was to develop an in vitro model to screen possible antidotal treatments against membrane-active compounds. Toward this end, studies were conducted to examine changes in membrane potential and resistance induced by several test compounds, i.e., gramicidin D, ouabain, and minoxidil, in differentiated NG108- 15 hybrid (mouse neuroblastoma X rat glioma) cells using intracellular electrodes and standard current clamp techniques. In general, changes observed were consistent with known actions of these compounds and their effects demonstrated in a number of other systems. For example, the channel-forming ionophore gramicidin D produced severe membrane depolarization with markedly reduced resistance. Also, the Naf-Kf pump blocker ouabain produced membrane depolarization, and the potassium channel activator minoxidil produced membrane hyperpolarization. Neither ouabain nor minoxidil significantly altered input resistance of the NG108-15 cells. The nature of the observed alterations combined with the consistency apparent in concentration-response profiles suggests that this model system is suitable for screening the effects of possible antidotal treatments against these and other membrane-active compounds. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Neurotoxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Doebler, JA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Neurotoxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 1051-7235 J9 TOXICOL METHOD JI Toxicol. Method. PD JAN-MAR PY 1999 VL 9 IS 1 BP 35 EP 45 DI 10.1080/105172399242816 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 171XL UT WOS:000078889600005 ER PT B AU O'Hara, M Burroughs, J Dirks, M AF O'Hara, M Burroughs, J Dirks, M BE Pritchard, C Kohler, M Verlohr, D TI Nerve fiber layer thickness in unilateral amblyopia SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE IX INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPTIC CONGRESS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IXth International Orthoptic Congress CY JUN 20-23, 1999 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP O'Hara, M (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BERUFSVERBAND ORTHOPTISTINNEN DEUTSCHLANDS EV PI NURNBERG PA NURNBERG, GERMANY BN 3-9805367-6-9 PY 1999 BP 68 EP 71 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA BP59T UT WOS:000085603800014 ER PT J AU Newton, P Keeratithakul, D Teja-Isavadharm, P Pukrittayakamee, S Kyle, D White, N AF Newton, P Keeratithakul, D Teja-Isavadharm, P Pukrittayakamee, S Kyle, D White, N TI Pharmacokinetics of quinine and 3-hydroxyquinine in severe falciparum malaria with acute renal failure SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; renal failure; chemotherapy; quinine; 3-hydroxyquinine; pharmacokinetics; Thailand ID QUINIDINE AB The plasma concentrations of quinine and its main metabolite, 3-hydroxyquinine (3OHQn), were measured in 5 adult Thai patients with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria and acute renal failure. Two patients required peritoneal dialysis but all survived. During acute renal failure plasma concentrations of 3OHQn rose to reach up to 45% of the levels of the parent compound. The estimated median (range) quinine clearance was 0.83 mL/kg/min (0.58-1.16), and 3OHQn clearance/fraction of quinine converted was 3.40 mL/kg/min (2.58-4.47). The estimated 3OHQn terminal elimination half-life was 21 h (16.5-32.5). These data suggest that 3OHQn contributes about 12% of the antimalarial activity of the parent compound in patients with falciparum malaria and acute renal failure. It is also likely that 3OHQn contributes to adverse effects, although this metabolite is not quantitated routinely by current high-performance liquid chromatography quinine assays. C1 Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Dis, Oxford, England. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol & Parasit, USA Med Component, Bangkok, Thailand. RP White, N (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, 420-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RI White, Nicholas/I-4629-2012 FU Wellcome Trust NR 10 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 93 IS 1 BP 69 EP 72 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(99)90184-0 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 177QN UT WOS:000079222200036 PM 10492795 ER PT S AU Balevicius, S Jukna, A Shatkovskis, E Kiprijanovic, O Pyragas, V Vengalis, B Lisauskas, V Anisimovas, F Butkute, R Abrutis, A Altgilbers, L AF Balevicius, S Jukna, A Shatkovskis, E Kiprijanovic, O Pyragas, V Vengalis, B Lisauskas, V Anisimovas, F Butkute, R Abrutis, A Altgilbers, L BE Asmontas, S Dargys, A TI High-power subnanosecond voltage transient generation using superconducting optoelectronic switch SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA IN SEMICONDUCTORS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors (10-UFPS) CY AUG 31-SEP 02, 1998 CL VILNIUS, LITHUANIA SP Lithuanian Govt, Lithuanian State Sci & Studies Fdn, European Commiss DE high T-c-superconductor; photo induced S-N switching; short pulse generation AB High-power subnanosecond voltage transients can be generated by means of a fast superconducting optoelectronic switch if current through the superconductor is created by an electrical pulse having a duration of several nanoseconds. A maximum amplitude of such voltage transient generated in this way can be achieved when the transport current in the: superconducting film is higher then the critical current of the superconductor and when the superconducting film thickness is several time higher than the light penetration depth. C1 Inst Semicond Phys, LT-2600 Vilnius, Lithuania. Vilnius State Univ, Dept Gen & Inorgan Chem, LT-2006 Vilnius, Lithuania. USA, Adv Technol Directorate, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Balevicius, S (reprint author), Inst Semicond Phys, A Gostauto 11, LT-2600 Vilnius, Lithuania. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-824-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1999 VL 297-2 BP 357 EP 360 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BM90N UT WOS:000080081600074 ER PT J AU Ballato, A Stern, R AF Ballato, A Stern, R TI Innovative technology transfer initiatives SO ULTRASONIC INSTRUMENTS AND DEVICES I SE PHYSICAL ACOUSTICS LA English DT Review C1 USA, Commun Electr Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Ballato, A (reprint author), USA, Commun Electr Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0893-388X J9 PHYS ACOUSTICS PY 1999 VL 23 BP 33 EP 42 PG 10 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA BM68C UT WOS:000079450000007 ER PT J AU Ballato, A Stern, R AF Ballato, A Stern, R TI Innovative technology transfer initiatives SO ULTRASONIC INSTRUMENTS AND DEVICES II SE PHYSICAL ACOUSTICS LA English DT Review C1 USA, Commun Electr Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Ballato, A (reprint author), USA, Commun Electr Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0893-388X J9 PHYS ACOUSTICS PY 1999 VL 24 BP 33 EP 42 PG 10 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA BM68D UT WOS:000079450100007 ER PT J AU Vig, JR Ballato, A AF Vig, JR Ballato, A TI Frequency control devices SO ULTRASONIC INSTRUMENTS AND DEVICES II SE PHYSICAL ACOUSTICS LA English DT Review ID TIME TRANSFER; RESONATORS C1 USA, Commun Electr Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Vig, JR (reprint author), USA, Commun Electr Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 86 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0893-388X J9 PHYS ACOUSTICS PY 1999 VL 24 BP 209 EP 273 PG 65 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA BM68D UT WOS:000079450100010 ER PT S AU Peck, L AF Peck, L BE Carapezza, EM Law, DB Stalker, KT TI Guidance on environmental vulnerabilities of unattended ground sensors SO UNATTENDED GROUND SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications CY APR 08-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE intrusion detection system; detection capability; weather; site conditions; vulnerability; force protection AB The decision to use unattended ground sensors (UGS) to detect human activity raises the possibility of receiving weather-related false intelligence. UGS response must be interpreted in terms of current weather, state of the ground and ground cover, which jointly determine a UGS's dynamic environment. If site conditions cause a person's signature to fall below the sensor's detection threshold, then he intrudes undetected. If site conditions fluctuate so as to satisfy the UGS's alarm criteria, the resulting nuisance alarms falsely indicate that an intruder is present. In both cases the UGS conveys inaccurate information regarding human activity in the area being monitored. Operational guidance on reliability as a function of site conditions is essential to UGS effectiveness. For physical security/force protection sensor systems, the Weather Vulnerability Assessment Tool (WVAT) will fill this need. WVAT is a computer application that will warn of situations in which the likelihood of detecting an intruder falls below a specified probability of detection (Pd) Both Pd and the likelihood of nuisance alarms are predicted for diurnal and seasonal variability in weather, state of the ground, and ground cover. A follow-on computer application, the Force Protection Sensor Selector, will guide the selection of sensor systems for deployment at a site, based on its predictions of weather-induced variation in site conditions. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Peck, L (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3187-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3713 BP 188 EP 196 DI 10.1117/12.357133 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BN69Z UT WOS:000082636000018 ER PT S AU Shoemaker, CM Bornstein, JA Myers, SD Brendle, BE AF Shoemaker, CM Bornstein, JA Myers, SD Brendle, BE BE Gerhart, GR Gunderson, RW Shoemaker, CM TI Demo III: Department of Defense testbed for unmanned ground mobility SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE robotics; unmanned ground vehicle; autonomous mobility; sensor fusion; artificial intelligence AB Robotics has been identified by numerous recent Department of Defense (DOD) studies as a key enabling technology for future military operational concepts. The Demo III Program is a multiyear effort encompassing technology development and demonstration on testbed platforms, together with modeling simulation and experimentation directed toward optimization of operational concepts to employ this technology. Primary program focus is the advancement of capabilities for autonomous mobility through unstructured environments, concentrating on both perception and intelligent control technology. The scout mission will provide the military operational context for demonstration of this technology, although a significant emphasis is being placed upon both hardware and software modularity to permit rapid extension to other military missions. The Experimental Unmanned Vehicle (XUV) is a small (approximately 1150 kg, V-22 transportable) technology testbed vehicle designed for experimentation with multiple military operational concepts. Currently under development, the XUV is scheduled for roll-out in Summer, 1999, with initial troop experimentation to be conducted in September 1999. Though small, and relatively lightweight, modeling has shown the chassis capable of automotive mobility comparable to the current Army lightweight high-mobility, multipurpose, wheeled vehicle (HMMWV). The XUV design couples multisensor perception with intelligent control to permit autonomous cross-country navigation at speeds of up to 32 kph during daylight and 16 kph during hours of darkness. A small, lightweight, highly capable user interface will permit intuitive control of the XUV by troops from current-generation tactical vehicles. When it concludes in 2002, Demo III will provide the military with both the technology and the initial experience required to develop and field the first generation of semi-autonomous tactical ground vehicles for combat, combat support, and logistics applications. C1 USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Shoemaker, CM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3167-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3693 BP 110 EP 120 DI 10.1117/12.354439 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Civil SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BN68S UT WOS:000082586400011 ER PT S AU Lane, GR AF Lane, GR BE Gerhart, GR Gunderson, RW Shoemaker, CM TI Tank-automotive robotics SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE intelligent mobility; autonomous mobility; international ground robotics competition; reduced crew operations and intelligent transportation system AB To provide an overview of Tank-Automotive Robotics. The briefing will contain program overviews & inter-relationships and technology challenges of TARDEC managed unmanned and robotic ground vehicle programs. Specific emphasis will focus on technology developments/approaches to achieve semiautonomous operation and inherent chassis mobility features. Programs to be discussed include: DemoIII Experimental Unmanned Vehicle (UV), Tactical Mobile Robotics (TMR), Intelligent Mobility, Commanders Driver Testbed, Collision Avoidance, International Ground Robotics Competition (IGRC). Specifically, the paper will discuss unique exterior/outdoor challenges facing the IGRC competing teams and the synergy created between the IGRC and ongoing DoD semi-autonomous Unmanned Ground Vehicle and DoT Intelligent Transportation System programs. Sensor and chassis approaches to meet the IGRC challenges and obstacles will be shown and discussed. Shortfalls in performance to meet the IGRC challenges will be identified. C1 USA, Tank Automat & Armaments Command, Detroit, MI USA. RP Lane, GR (reprint author), USA, Tank Automat & Armaments Command, AMSTA-TR-R MS 205, Detroit, MI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3167-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3693 BP 121 EP 127 DI 10.1117/12.354440 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Civil SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BN68S UT WOS:000082586400012 ER PT S AU Gerhart, G Goetz, R Gorsich, D AF Gerhart, G Goetz, R Gorsich, D BE Gerhart, GR Gunderson, RW Shoemaker, CM TI Intelligent mobility for robotic vehicles in the army after next SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE robotic vehicles; ground mobility; unmanned systems; survivability; electric drive; articulated vehicles AB The TARDEC Intelligent Mobility program addresses several essential technologies necessary to support the army after next (AAN) concept. Ground forces in the AAN time frame will deploy robotic unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) in high-risk missions to avoid exposing soldiers to both friendly and unfriendly fire. Prospective robotic systems will include RSTA/scout vehicles, combat engineering/mine clearing vehicles, indirect fire artillery and missile launch platforms. The AAN concept requires high on-road and off-road mobility, survivability, transportability/deployability and low logistics burden. TARDEC is developing a robotic vehicle systems integration laboratory (SIL) to evaluate technologies and their integration into future UGV systems. Example technologies include the following: in-hub electric drive, omni-directional wheel and steering configurations, off-road tires, adaptive tire inflation, articulated vehicles, active suspension, mine blast protection, detection avoidance and evasive maneuver. This paper will describe current developments in these areas relative to the TARDEC intelligent mobility program. C1 USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Gerhart, G (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, AMSTA-TR-R-263, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3167-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3693 BP 128 EP 139 DI 10.1117/12.354441 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Civil SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BN68S UT WOS:000082586400013 ER PT S AU Young, SH Budulas, PP Emmerman, PJ AF Young, SH Budulas, PP Emmerman, PJ BE Gerhart, GR Gunderson, RW Shoemaker, CM TI Mother ship and physical agents collaboration SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE mother ship; physical agents; docking AB This paper discusses ongoing research at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory that investigates the feasibility of developing a collaboration architecture between small physical agents and a mother ship. This includes the distribution of planning, perception, mobility, processing, and communications requirements between the mother ship and the agents. Small physical agents of the future will be virtually everywhere on the battlefield of the 21(st) century. A mother ship that is coupled to a team of small collaborating physical agents (conducting tasks such as Reconnaissance, Surveillance, and Target Acquisition (RSTA); logistics; sentry; and communications relay) will be used to build a completely effective and mission capable intelligent system. The mother ship must have long-range mobility to deploy the small, highly maneuverable agents that will operate in urban environments and more localized areas, and act as a logistics base for the smaller agents. The mother ship also establishes a robust communications network between the agents and is the primary information disseminating and receiving point to the external world. Because of its global knowledge and processing power, the mother ship does the high-level control and planning for the collaborative physical agents. This high level control and interaction between the mother ship and its agents (including inter agent collaboration) will be software agent architecture based. The mother ship incorporates multi-resolution battlefield visualization and analysis technology, which aids in mission planning and sensor fusion. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, IS,CB, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Young, SH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, IS,CB, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3167-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1999 VL 3693 BP 224 EP 232 DI 10.1117/12.354451 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Civil SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BN68S UT WOS:000082586400022 ER PT J AU Preston, DM Bauer, JJ Connelly, RR Sawyer, T Halligan, J Leifer, ES McLeod, DG Moul, JW AF Preston, DM Bauer, JJ Connelly, RR Sawyer, T Halligan, J Leifer, ES McLeod, DG Moul, JW TI Prostate-specific antigen to predict outcome of external beam radiation for prostate cancer: Walter Reed Army Medical Center experience, 1988-1995 SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERAPY; RADIOTHERAPY; CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; IRRADIATION; GOSERELIN; SURVIVAL; BIOPSY; STAGE; RACE AB Objectives. To assess the ability of pretreatment and post-treatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurements, clinical tumor stage, tumor grade, Gleason sum, race, age, and radiation dose to predict the recurrence of prostate cancer following external beam radiation therapy (XRT) since the introduction of PSA as a tumor marker at one tertiary care center. Methods. The recurrence of prostate cancer among 371 evaluable patients of 589 patients treated with XRT at Waiter Reed Army Medical Center was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival methodology and Cox multivariable regression models. Serologic (PSA) recurrence was determined using three consecutive rises in PSA after a nadir value. Clinical recurrence was defined as local recurrence (palpable or positive biopsy) and/or distant (radiographically evident) recurrence. Mean and median follow-up is 40.2 and 39.4 months, respectively (range 3.0 to 89.5), and minimum follow-up is 18 months for patients who were alive at the time of analysis. No patient received adjuvant hormonal therapy. Potential prognostic factors evaluated are pretreatment PSA, PSA nadir, age, race, clinical tumor stage, tumor grade, Gleason sum, and radiation dose. Results. Of the 371 evaluable patients, 125 had disease recurrence. The Kaplan-Meier 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates for significant pretreatment variables in univariate analyses are as follows: pretreatment PSA less than 4 (79%), 4.1 to 10 (67%), 10.1 to 20 (57%), 20.1 to 50 (27%), and more than 50 (0%); for clinical tumor Stage Tla-Tlc (84%), T2a-T2c (51%), and T3-T4 (29%); for tumor grade well (58%), moderate (58%), and poor (30%). Four-year DFS rates for Gleason sum are 2 to 4 (82%), 5 (72%), 6 (56%), and 7 to 10 (48%). In multivariable Cox regression analysis with backward elimination of nonsignificant variables, age, race, tumor grade, and radiation dose were eliminated, leaving pretreatment PSA, clinical tumor stage, and Gleason sum as significant prognostic factors. Analysis of a Cox model that included nadir PSA as a time-dependent variable showed it to be the strongest prognostic factor variable in the analysis. Conclusions. XRT remains a suitable treatment modality for patients with pretreatment PSA less than 20.0, clinical tumor Stages T1-T2, and Gleason sum 2 to 6 prostate cancer. Patients achieving a nadir value less than 0.5 have more durable treatment outcomes. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD JAN PY 1999 VL 53 IS 1 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(98)00464-6 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 151UR UT WOS:000077739500027 PM 9886602 ER PT S AU Teolis, C Kwatny, HG Mattice, M AF Teolis, C Kwatny, HG Mattice, M BE Young, KD Ozguner, U TI Symbolic computing tools for nonsmooth dynamics and control SO VARIABLE STRUCTURE SYSTEMS, SLIDING MODE AND NONLINEAR CONTROL SE LECTURE NOTES IN CONTROL AND INFORMATION SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Variable Structure Systems (VSS 98) CY 1998 CL SARASOTA, FLORIDA ID NON-LINEAR SYSTEMS; NONLINEAR CONTROL; DESIGN; FEEDBACK AB In this paper we describe a set of symbolic computing tools for variable structure control system design. The software implements all aspects of a design approach for input-output linearizable systems. It is part of a comprehensive symbolic computing environment for nonlinear and adaptive control system design that has been under continuous development for several years. Current work is focused on plants with nondifferentiable nonlinearities. Some preliminary results are reported. C1 Technosci Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USA, Adv Dr & Weap Stabilizat Lab, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Teolis, C (reprint author), Technosci Inc, 10001 Derekwood Lane,Suite 204, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG, LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING, SURREY, ENGLAND GU7 1NH SN 0170-8643 BN 1-85233-197-6 J9 LECT NOTES CONTR INF PY 1999 VL 247 BP 237 EP 262 PG 26 WC Automation & Control Systems; Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Automation & Control Systems; Mathematics; Physics GA BP88M UT WOS:000086485500013 ER PT J AU Rohaly, AM Wilson, HR AF Rohaly, AM Wilson, HR TI The effects of contrast on perceived depth and depth discrimination SO VISION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE contrast; depth discrimination; perceived depth; stereopsis ID SPATIAL-FREQUENCY; LUMINANCE CONTRAST; BINOCULAR FUSION; VISUAL-CORTEX; DISPARITY; STEREOPSIS; ORGANIZATION; STEREOACUITY; COMPUTATION; SENSITIVITY AB The contrast dependence of perceived depth was quantified through a series of depth matching experiments. Perceived depth was found to be a power law function of contrast. In addition, subjects exhibited a large uncrossed depth bias indicating that low contrast test patterns appeared much farther away than high contrast patterns of equal disparity. For disparities in the range of +/- 4.0 are min, matching disparities for low contrast patterns were shifted in the uncrossed direction by the same amount. In other words, while the magnitude of the uncrossed depth bias is a power law function of contrast, it is constant with respect to disparity. In a second series of experiments, the contrast dependence of stereo increment thresholds was measured. Like perceived depth and stereoacuity, stereo increment thresholds were found to be a power law function of contrast. These results suggest that contrast effects occur at or before the extraction of depth and have implications for the response properties of disparity-selective mechanisms. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Ctr Visual Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Rohaly, AM (reprint author), Tektronix Inc, POB 500,M-S 50-460, Beaverton, OR 97077 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY02158] NR 33 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-6989 J9 VISION RES JI Vision Res. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1016/S0042-6989(98)00034-0 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Ophthalmology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Ophthalmology GA 142PQ UT WOS:000077209500002 PM 10211391 ER PT S AU Hare, JJ Grosh, J Schmitt, CE AF Hare, JJ Grosh, J Schmitt, CE BE Erbacher, RF Chen, PC Wittenbrink, CM TI Volumetric measurements from an iso-surface algorithm SO VISUAL DATA EXPLORATION AND ANLYSIS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visual Data Exploration and Analysis VI CY JAN 27-29, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol DE volume; surface area; iso-surface; marching cubes AB Scientific visualization methods have become the new standards for analyzing scientific datasets. However, while these visualization routines provide an excellent qualitative means for data analysis, many researchers still require quantitative information about their data. This paper describes how the marching cubes iso-surface algorithm can be modified to produce not only the qualitative information about the shape of a surface but also some quantitative information regarding the volume of space contained within or beneath that surface. The original marching cubes algorithm decomposes a dataset into cubes based on the grid structure provided. It then searches each cube, determining whether or not the surface intersects that particular cube. During this search, volume calculations can be performed for each cube or partial cube that is contained within or beneath the surface. The results of these calculations can then be summed to obtain a measurement for the volume of space that is within or beneath the surface. These additional tasks can easily be incorporated into the marching cubes algorithm,providing the researcher with a volumetric measurement to support the more qualitative visual information generally produced by an iso-surface algorithm. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Hare, JJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3114-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3643 BP 206 EP 210 DI 10.1117/12.342836 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BM86U UT WOS:000079967800021 ER PT B AU Rogers, PD Ku, J Hoff, CJ AF Rogers, PD Ku, J Hoff, CJ GP INSTITUT MECH ENGINEERS INSTITUT MECH ENGINEERS TI Suitability of loop heat pipes for thermal management of ground vehicles SO VTMS 4: VEHICLE THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Conference (VTMS 4) CY MAY 24-26, 1999 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP Inst Mech Engineers, SAE Int, Behr GmbH & Co, Valeo, Thermal Dynam Corp, Ricardo Consulting Engineers, Steyr Daimler Puch AG, AVL, Calson Technol Ctr Europe DE capillary pumped loop; loop heat pipe; thermal management; electronics cooling; two-phase heat transfer; gravity AB A loop heat pipe (LHP) is a two-phase transport device that transfers large amounts of energy over long distances with very small temperature differences. LHPs have been extensively developed for aerospace applications. Flight experiments have demonstrated their effectiveness in low-g environments. Tremendous potential for using LHPs for the thermal management of ground vehicles exists, but there has been little development effort to date. This paper describes the results of experimental work investigating the suitability of loop heat pipe technology for the thermal management of ground vehicles. Results of testing are presented as evidence of the applicability of LHPs to ground vehicles. C1 USA, TARDEC, Warren, MI USA. RP Rogers, PD (reprint author), USA, TARDEC, Warren, MI USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND BN 1-86058-218-4 PY 1999 BP 319 EP 329 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation SC Engineering; Transportation GA BN37N UT WOS:000081720500027 ER PT J AU Alonso, C Zhu, Y Suidan, MT Kim, BR Kim, BJ AF Alonso, C Zhu, Y Suidan, MT Kim, BR Kim, BJ TI Mathematical model for the biodegradation of VOCs in trickle bed biofilters SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Specialty Conference on Microbial Ecology of Biofilms - Concepts, Tools and Applications CY OCT 08-10, 1998 CL LAKE BLUFF, ILLINOIS DE biofiltration; trickle-bed biofilter; biofilm; mathematical model; parameter estimation; VOC; waste gas treatment ID WASTE AIR BIOTREATMENT; STEADY-STATE; SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION; DYNAMIC-MODEL; BEHAVIOR; KINETICS; BIOMASS AB The objective of this work is to develop a fundamental mathematical model that describes the biodegradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in gas phase trickle-bed biofilters, and to estimate the unknown model parameters. The mathematical model considers a three-phase system (biofilm, water, and gas phase), non-uniform bacterial population, and one limiting substrate. Two pilot-scale trickle-bed biofilters were operated to remove the VOC diethyl ether from a waste gas stream. Experimental results from this system were used to estimate the unknown parameters of the steady-state model: the maximum rate of substrate utilization mu(m) X-f/Y, the Monod constant, K-s, and the ether biofilm/water diffusivity ratio, r(d). While the value of mu(m) X-f/Y was uniquely determined, the values of K-s and r(d), were highly correlated. High values of the Monod constant and the ether diffusivity in the biofilm gave similar predictions to those corresponding to low values of both parameters. Batch studies were used to estimate the value of K-s without mass transfer limitations showing that K-s < 1 mg/L = 2.6 mg COD/L. Using this information and biofilter operating data the true values of K-s and r(d) were determined. (C) 1999 IAWQ Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Ford Motor Co, Res Lab, Dept Chem, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Alonso, C (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1999 VL 39 IS 7 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1016/S0273-1223(99)00161-4 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 201QX UT WOS:000080607500019 ER PT S AU Catalano, GD AF Catalano, GD BE Szu, HH TI An exploratory investigation of the application of wavelets to high speed radar signals SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wavelet Applications VI CY APR 06-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE high speed radar; wavelets and wavelet transforms AB An exploratory investigation of the applicability of wavelets and wavelet transforms to signals that are encountered in high speed radar has been performed. The wideband cross ambiguity function (WBCAF) is calculated for two signals, the original signal and scaled and translated vesions of the second In an active sensing problem such as encountered in radar, the first signal will be a known transmission and the second will be a reflected refracted and/or reradiated version of the transmitted signal. When the two signal are correlated, a single correlation coefficient is calculated at each scale and translation value. These values can be interpreted as a representation of the actual scattering process. The approach used to calculate the WBCAF utilizes wavelet transforms, in this case splines, and can be expressed as an integral operator acting on the two signal wavelet transforms. The WBCAF is thus calculated entirely in the wavelet transform domain. A significant point of this formulation is that the wavelet transforms for each signal are with respect to an arbitrary mother wavelet which can be chosen a priori with the mathematical model of its time scaling and translation also known. For the work described herein, a linear chirp signal (i.e. sinusoidal wave with increasing frequency) served as the test case of transmission. Provision is made for the target or return signal generator to have significant velocities and accelerations as well. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Catalano, GD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3197-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3723 BP 184 EP 193 DI 10.1117/12.342927 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BM94B UT WOS:000080194100018 ER PT S AU Cole, MW Hubbard, CW Fountzoulas, CG Demaree, DJ Ren, F AF Cole, MW Hubbard, CW Fountzoulas, CG Demaree, DJ Ren, F BE Binari, SC Burk, AA Melloch, MR Nguyen, C TI A materials investigation of nickel based contacts to n-SiC subjected to operational thermal stresses characteristic of high power switching SO WIDE-BANDGAP SEMICONDUCTORS FOR HIGH-POWER, HIGH-FREQUENCY AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS-1999 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors for High-Power, High-Frequency and High-Temperature Applications-1999 at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-08, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Air Force Res Labs, DARPA, ODDR&E(R), Army Res Off ID OHMIC CONTACT; GAAS AB This study developed and performed Laboratory experiments which mimic the acute cyclic thermal loading characteristic of pulsed power device switching operation. Ni contacts to n-SiC were the device components selected for cyclic thermal testing. Modifications of the contact-SiC materials properties in response to cyclic thermal fatigue were quantitatively assessed via Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), surface profilometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoindentation testing and current-voltage measurements. Decreases in nanohardness and elastic modulus were observed in response to thermal fatigue. No compositional modifications were observed at the metal-semiconductor interface. Our results demonstrated that the majority of the material changes were initiated after the first thermal pulse and that the effects of subsequent thermal cycling (up to 10 pulses) were negligible. The stability of the metal-semiconductor interface after exposure to repeated pulsed thermal cycling lends support for the utilization of Ni as a contact metallization for pulsed power switching applications. C1 USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-479-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 572 BP 93 EP 98 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BN81E UT WOS:000083014400014 ER PT S AU Gilde, G Patel, P Patterson, M AF Gilde, G Patel, P Patterson, M BE Tustison, RW TI A comparison of hot-pressing, rate-controlled sintering, and microwave sintering of magnesium aluminate spinel for optical applications SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials CY APR 05-06, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE spinel; transparent; electromagnetic windows; transparent armor; hot pressing; microwave sintering; rate-controlled sintering; sintering AB There are several crystalline materials that transmit electromagnetic radiation in the visible and IR portion of the spectrum, (from 0.4 microns to 5 microns). At this time, single-crystal sapphire, aluminum oxynitride (ALON), and spinel show promise for applications, including advanced electromagnetic windows and transparent armor. These applications require materials with high strength, hardness, and the ability to withstand high temperatures. Because of lower processing temperatures and shorter processing times, it is reasonable to assume that spinel should ultimately be less costly to produce than ALON or sapphire. Despite many attempts to commercialize spinel, it is not available today as an optical material due to difficulties in reliably obtaining the desired transparency. To help develop a commercial source for transparent spinel, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and Ceramic Composites Inc. of Annapolis have signed a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRDA), on the "Development and Dual-Use Assessment of Transparent Spinel". The advent of commercially available, highly pure spinel powders should lead to improvements in processing spinel to transparency. This investigation compares the advantages and limitations of hot-pressing, microwave sintering, and rate-controlled sintering and compares the limited property data available from each of these fabrication techniques. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Gilde, G (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3179-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3705 BP 94 EP 104 DI 10.1117/12.354612 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BN69W UT WOS:000082635600012 ER PT S AU Beyer, RA Kerwien, H AF Beyer, RA Kerwien, H BE Tustison, RW TI Evaluation of ALON for cannon window application SO WINDOW AND DOME TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials CY APR 05-06, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ALON; high pressure; high temperature AB In the application of laser ignition to large caliber cannons, a critical element is the window into the cannon chamber to admit the laser energy. This window must repeatedly withstand a particularly harsh environment of highly reactive high temperature combustion products from the gun propellant at pressures up to 440 MPa (65,000 psi). Failure of the window can be caused by either thermal gradients in the window or mechanical force, or a combination. Previous successes with single-crystal sapphire have sometimes been limited by window deterioration modes suggestive of crystalline behavior. Samples of ALON (aluminum oxynitride spinel) have been fabricated in the same design as the standard sapphire windows and were qualified for gun testing. This process involves a series of experiments in a closed chamber where gun propellant is burned to generate an environment similar to that inside the gun. Windows mounted in two methods have been tested. One of these windows has survived the full pre-gun test series with no visible damage. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Beyer, RA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3179-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3705 BP 113 EP 118 DI 10.1117/12.354614 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BN69W UT WOS:000082635600014 ER PT J AU Bliese, PD Jex, SM AF Bliese, PD Jex, SM TI Incorporating multiple levels of analysis into occupational stress research SO WORK AND STRESS LA English DT Article DE levels; methodology; occupational stress ID JOB STRESS; CONSEQUENCES; HEALTH AB In recent years, more and more research in the organizational sciences has incorporated a multiple levels of analysis perspective (e.g. individual, group and organizational) into models of organizational behaviour. The study of occupational stress, however, has continued to focus almost exclusively on the individual level of analysis. In this paper, the authors contend that incorporating a multi-level perspective in the study of occupational stress has theoretical as well as practical value. The authors illustrate their position using results from an occupational stress research programme conducted by the Waiter Reed Army Institute of Research. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Jex, SM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, 800 Algoma Blvd, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. NR 23 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0267-8373 J9 WORK STRESS JI Work Stress PD JAN-MAR PY 1999 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1080/026783799296147 PG 6 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 209ER UT WOS:000081035700001 ER PT B AU Bernard, MAJ Jansen, J Pooch, U AF Bernard, MAJ Jansen, J Pooch, U BE Torres, M Sanchez, B Wills, E TI Improving the performance of existing information retrieval systems using a software agent SO WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL 8, PROCEEDINGS: CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS OF SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics/5th International Conference on Information Systems, Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 99) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, World Org System & Cybernet, Int Federat Syst Res, Int Soc Syst Sci, Int Syst Inst, CUST, Int Inst Av Studies Syst Res & Cybernet, Soc Appl Syst Res, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Cent Univ Venezuela, Simon Bolivar Univ DE software agents; information retrieval; adaptive interfaces; interface agents; software integration AB This paper describes a software agent developed specifically for integration with existing information retrieval interfaces and search engines. The software agent assists the user with query reformulation. The agent assistance is based on characteristics of the user population, user actions during the search process, information from retrieved documents, and historical information from past queries. With minor modification, the software agent can be integrated with a variety of interfaces and search engines. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM jansen@exmail.usma.edu; pooch@cs.tamu.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-07-5919-0 PY 1999 BP 58 EP 60 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BU36Y UT WOS:000175785400009 ER PT J AU Jefford, CW Jaggi, D Kohmoto, S Timari, G Bernardinelli, G Canfield, CJ Milhous, WK AF Jefford, CW Jaggi, D Kohmoto, S Timari, G Bernardinelli, G Canfield, CJ Milhous, WK TI The structure and antimalarial activity of some cis-fused bicyclic 1,2,4-trioxane derivatives SO HETEROCYCLES LA English DT Article ID ASYMMETRIC DIHYDROXYLATION; CYCLOPENTENO-1,2,4-TRIOXANES; ETHERS; AZIDE AB (4aRS,7aRS)-4a,7a-Dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-6,7a-diphenyl-7H-cyclopenta[1,2-e][1,2,4]trioxine (1) was converted into its exo-5,6-epoxide (7) and dichloromethylene (8) derivatives. The reaction of (4'aRS,7'aRS)-6',7'a-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-4'a,7'a-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,3'-7' H-cyclopenta[1,2-e]-[1,2,4]trioxine] (3) with Pb(OAc)(4) and N-aminophthalimide gave the exo-5,6-N-phthalimidoimine (9). Acid catalysis of 9 afforded the cyclopentenylamino derivative (10). Treatment of 3 with Me3SiN3 and C6H5IO gave mainly the exo-5-azidobenzyl dimer (12) of C-2 symmetry. A minor isomer was assigned as the meso-dimer (14). The structure of 12 was determined by X-Ray. The in vitro activity of 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 against Plasmodium falciparum was determined and found, with the exception of 8, to be similar to that of 1 and 3. C1 Pharmaceut Syst Inc, Talent, OR 97540 USA. Univ Geneva, Dept Organ Chem, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Geneva, Crystallog Lab, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Jefford, CW (reprint author), Pharmaceut Syst Inc, Talent, OR 97540 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0385-5414 J9 HETEROCYCLES JI Heterocycles PD DEC 31 PY 1998 VL 49 BP 375 EP 383 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 169YP UT WOS:000078777900049 ER PT J AU Lilly, AC Deevi, SC Gibbs, ZP AF Lilly, AC Deevi, SC Gibbs, ZP TI Electrical properties of iron aluminides SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Iron Aluminides - Alloy Design, Processing, Properties and Applications CY FEB 15-19, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Mat Sci Crit Technol Sector, Intermetall Mat Comm, ASM Int, Flow & Fracture Comm, TMS DE electrical properties; iron aluminides; four-probe electrical resistivity method; Mott and Jones model ID METALLIC COMPOUNDS; FEAL; HARDNESS AB Electrical properties of iron aluminides covering a wide range of Al contents have been investigated using a four-probe electrical resistivity method at room temperature. Room temperature electrical resistivities of iron aluminides indicate a monotonic increase with Al content up to similar to 33 at.% Al, followed by a steep decrease with further increase of Al content. Heat treatments in a vacuum at 1100 degrees C for 1 h, and at 700 degrees C for 2 h followed by cooling to room temperature in helium and argon exhibited an identical trend. with resistivity values comparable to the values obtained after a prolonged annealing. A similar trend was observed with the fine grained sheets of FeAl obtained by roll compaction and sintering. interpretation of literature band calculations with the help of the Mott and Jones model suggests that the electrical resistivity should increase with an increase in Al content until similar to 33 at.% Al is reached, due to the filling up of holes by the electrons from Al in the narrow d-bands. Further addition of Al above 33 at.% value essentially adds more electrons to a nearly free electron conduction band and the resistivity falls sharply thereafter approaching the resistivity of Al. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Philip Morris Inc, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. RP Lilly, AC (reprint author), Philip Morris Inc, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. NR 28 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 31 PY 1998 VL 258 IS 1-2 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00915-0 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 153XA UT WOS:000077857500008 ER PT J AU Jaske, CE Deevi, SC Shademan, SS AF Jaske, CE Deevi, SC Shademan, SS TI Fatigue and cyclic deformation behavior of iron aluminide SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Iron Aluminides - Alloy Design, Processing, Properties and Applications CY FEB 15-19, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Mat Sci Crit Technol Sector, Intermetall Mat Comm, ASM Int, Flow & Fracture Comm, TMS DE fatigue; cyclic creep; iron aluminide; high temperature; cracking AB When iron aluminide (FeAl) is used at elevated temperature, it may be subject to cyclic loading that can cause failure by fatigue cracking or by cyclic creep rupture. For engineering design considerations, the fatigue and cyclic creep behavior must be characterized. In the current research, fatigue experiments were performed on specimens made from FeAl material. The specimens were tested under constant amplitude cyclic loading in air at temperatures from 400 to 750 degrees C. The frequency was 0.5 Hz, and the stress ratio (R) was 0.1. Fatigue life and cyclic creep behavior were determined as a function of stress amplitude. Stress-versus-fatigue-life (S-N) curves and stress-versus-cyclic-creep-strain plots were developed at each test temperature. In some cases, significant variations in fatigue and cyclic creep behavior were observed. Based on these observations, specimens were selected for examination by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and metallography. Application of the data to design and reasons for variations in material behavior are discussed. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 CC Technol, Dublin, OH 43016 USA. Philip Morris USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. RP Jaske, CE (reprint author), CC Technol, Dublin, OH 43016 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 31 PY 1998 VL 258 IS 1-2 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00936-8 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 153XA UT WOS:000077857500029 ER PT J AU Sikka, VK Blue, CA Sklad, SP Deevi, SC Shih, HR AF Sikka, VK Blue, CA Sklad, SP Deevi, SC Shih, HR TI Fabric cutting application of FeAl-based alloys SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Iron Aluminides - Alloy Design, Processing, Properties and Applications CY FEB 15-19, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Mat Sci Crit Technol Sector, Intermetall Mat Comm, ASM Int, Flow & Fracture Comm, TMS DE iron aluminide; FeAl; cutting; fabric; iron aluminides; nickel aluminides ID DUCTILITY; FRACTURE; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; HARDNESS AB Four intermetallic-based alloys were evaluated for cutting blade applications. These alloys included Fe3Al-based (FAS-II and FA-129), FeAl-based (PM-60) and Ni3Al-based (IC-50). These alloys were of interest because of their much higher work-hardening rates than the conventionally used carbon and stainless steels. The FeAl-based PM-60 alloy was of further interest because of its hardening possibility through retention of vacancies. The vacancy retention treatment is much simpler than the heat treatments used for hardening of steel blades. Blades of four intermetallic alloys and commercially used M2 tool steel blades were evaluated under identical conditions to cut two-ply heavy paper. Comparative results under identical conditions revealed that the FeAl-based alloy PM-60 outperformed the other intermetallic alloys and was equal to or somewhat better than the commercially used M2 tool steel. (C) Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22905 USA. Philip Morris Inc, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. Jackson State Univ, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. RP Sikka, VK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 31 PY 1998 VL 258 IS 1-2 BP 325 EP 330 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00952-6 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 153XA UT WOS:000077857500045 ER PT J AU Taylor, AJ O'Malley, PG AF Taylor, AJ O'Malley, PG TI Self-referral of patients for electron-beam computed tomography to screen for coronary artery disease SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PREDICTIVE VALUE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CALCIFICATION; CALCIUM C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Taylor, AJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Serv Cardiol, Bldg 2,Rm 4A, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 31 PY 1998 VL 339 IS 27 BP 2018 EP 2020 DI 10.1056/NEJM199812313392711 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 152XX UT WOS:000077803800011 PM 9869676 ER PT J AU Marohn, JA Fainchtein, R Smith, DD AF Marohn, JA Fainchtein, R Smith, DD TI An optimal magnetic tip configuration for magnetic-resonance force microscopy of microscale buried features SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB To date, magnetic-resonance force microscopes employing a magnetic-field gradient source mounted to a microcantilever have suffered from a deleterious dependence of the effective cantilever spring constant on the external magnetic field. A "magnet-on-tip" configuration is introduced in which this dependence has been decreased by at least 200 fold, making it feasible to perform arbitrary-sample micron-scale magnetic resonance force microscopy at very high magnetic field. Alternating-gradient cantilever magnetometry is used to quantify the effect and to prove that the existing model of the tip-field interaction is only qualitatively correct. A model is proposed which quantitatively describes the tip-field interaction in the traditional tip configuration. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)01951-2]. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRLSEEM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Marohn, JA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. NR 8 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 21 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 25 BP 3778 EP 3780 DI 10.1063/1.122892 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 146XH UT WOS:000077458200051 ER PT J AU Beyrer, C Vancott, TC Peng, NK Artenstein, A Duriasamy, G Nagaratnam, M Saw, TL Hegerich, PA Loomis-Price, LD Hallberg, PL Ettore, CA Nelson, KE AF Beyrer, C Vancott, TC Peng, NK Artenstein, A Duriasamy, G Nagaratnam, M Saw, TL Hegerich, PA Loomis-Price, LD Hallberg, PL Ettore, CA Nelson, KE TI HIV type 1 subtypes in Malaysia, determined with serologic assays: 1992-1996 SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; THAILAND; VARIANTS; GP160 AB We investigated the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 subtypes in Malaysia among injecting drug users (IDUs) and sexual transmission risk groups, using serologic and genetic techniques. Frozen sera collected at a general hospital, a blood bank, several drug treatment centers, and an STD clinic in Kuala Lumpur, between 1992 and 1996, were investigated retrospectively. V3 peptide serotyping and monomeric gp120 capture serotyping were used to study 89 known HIV-l-infected subjects. The methods differentiate subtypes B, E, and C, V3 peptide and gp120 capture results were comparable. No subtype C-specific reactive sera were found; one specimen was dually reactive for subtypes C and B, using the V3 peptide ELISA; and four were durally reactive for subtypes E and C using this assay. Genotypic analysis of HIV-1 gag RNA in serum was done on a subset of subjects and confirmed serologic findings, HIV-1 subtypes differed significantly by risk category: of 53 IDUs, 29 (55%) were infected with subtype B and 19 (36%) were infected with subtype E, 3 (6%) were dually reactive, and 2 (4%) were not typable, Of 36 persons with heterosexual risks, 29 (81%) were infected with subtype E, 5 (14%) were infected with subtype B, and 2 (5%) were not typable, Persons with IDU risks were significantly more likely to be infected with subtype B than were those with sexual risks (OR 5.89; 95% CI, 1.94-18.54; p < 0.001). Subtypes B and E of HIV-1 appear to predominate in Malaysia; subtype B was more prevalent among IDUs; subtype E was more prevalent among all other groups. These results may have important HIV-1 vaccine implications. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50586, Malaysia. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Bethesda, MD 20850 USA. Natl Transfus Ctr, Kuala Lumpur 50586, Malaysia. RP Beyrer, C (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,Suite 7132, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RI NG, K P/E-5308-2010 NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD DEC 20 PY 1998 VL 14 IS 18 BP 1687 EP 1691 DI 10.1089/aid.1998.14.1687 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 147WF UT WOS:000077520000011 PM 9870323 ER PT J AU Nesterenko, VF Meyers, MA Wright, TW AF Nesterenko, VF Meyers, MA Wright, TW TI Self-organization in the initiation of adiabatic shear bands SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID LOADED PRENOTCHED PLATES; LOCALIZATION; TITANIUM; COMPRESSION; DEFORMATION AB The radial collapse of a thick-walled cylinder under high-strain-rate deformation (similar to 10(4) s(-1)) was used for the investigation of shear-band initiation and pattern development in titatium. Experiments were carried out in which the collapse was arrested in two stages, in order to observe the initiation and propagation of shear bands. The occurrence of shear bands to accommodate plastic deformation in response to external tractions is a collective phenomenon, because their development is interconnected. The bands were observed to form on spiral trajectories and were periodically spaced. The spacing of the shear bands decreased with the progression of collapse, and was equal to approximately 0.6 mm in the final stage of collapse. The shear-band spacing was calculated from two existing models, based on a perturbation analysis and on momentum diffusion. Values of 0.52 and 3.3 mm were obtained with material parameters from quasi-static and dynamic experiments. The predictions are found to give a reasonable first estimate for the actual spacings. The detailed characterization of the shear-band front leads to an assessment of the softening mechanisms inside a shear localization region. The initiation of localization lakes place at favorably oriented grains and becomes gradually a continuous process, leading eventually to dynamic recrystallization. (C) 1997 Acta Metallurgica Inc. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Appl Mech & Engn Sci, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. USA, Ballist Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Appl Mech & Engn Sci, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RI Meyers, Marc/A-2970-2016 OI Meyers, Marc/0000-0003-1698-5396 NR 29 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD DEC 19 PY 1998 VL 46 IS 1 BP 327 EP 340 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(97)00151-1 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YQ444 UT WOS:000071388100029 ER PT J AU Kiang, JG Ding, XZ Gist, ID Jones, RR Tsokos, GC AF Kiang, JG Ding, XZ Gist, ID Jones, RR Tsokos, GC TI Corticotropin-releasing factor induces phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma at tyrosine residues via its receptor 2 beta in human epidermoid A-431 cells SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CRF (corticotropin-releasing factor); CRF receptor; Ca2+; phosphorylation; protein tyrosine kinase; g-protein; pertussis toxin; (human); epithelium; PCR (polymerase chain reaction); protein kinase C; heat shock protein 70 kDa ID RAT-BRAIN; NUCLEAR-ENVELOPE; EXPRESSION; CLONING; TRANSLOCATION; PITUITARY; PEPTIDES; DOMAIN; MUSCLE; A(2) AB This laboratory previously reported that corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) increased intracellular free calcium concentrations, cellular cAMP, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, protein kinase C activity, and protein phosphorylation in human A-431 cells. The increase was blocked by CRF receptor antagonist. In this study, we identified the type of CRF receptors present and investigated whether CRF induced tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma via CRF receptors. Using novel primers in reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, we determined the CRF receptor type to be that of 2 beta. The levels of the CRF receptor type 2 beta were not altered in cells treated with activators of protein kinase C, Ca2+ ionophore, or cells overexpressing heat shock protein 70 kDa. Cells treated with CRF displayed increases in protein tyrosine phosphorylation approximately at 150 kDa as detected by immunoblotting using an antibody against phosphotyrosine. Immunoprecipitation with antibodies directed against phospholipase C-beta 3, -gamma 1, or -gamma 2 isoforms (which have molecular weights around 150 kDa) followed by Western blotting using an anti-phosphotyrosine antibody showed that only phospholipase C-gamma 1 and -gamma 2 were phosphorylated. The increase in phospholipase C-gamma phosphorylation was concentration-dependent with an EC50 of 4.2 +/- 0.1 pM. The maximal phosphorylation by CRF at 1 nM occurred by 5 min. The CRF-induced phosphorylation was inhibited by the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors genistein and herbimycin A, suggesting that CRF activates protein tyrosine kinases. Treatment of cells with CRF receptor antagonist, but not pertussis toxin, prior to treatment with CRF inhibited the CRF-induced phosphorylation, suggesting it is mediated by the CRF receptor type 2 beta that is not coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins. Treatment with 1,2-bis(2-iminophenoxy)ethane-N, N, N', N'-tetraacetic acid attenuated the phospholipase C-gamma phosphorylation. In summary, CRF induces phospholipase C-gamma phosphorylation at tyrosine residues, which depends on Ca2+ and is mediated by activation of protein tyrosine kinases via the CRF receptor type 2 beta. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Physiol, Div Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Kiang, JG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Physiol, Div Med, Room 3117A,Bldg 40, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2999 J9 EUR J PHARMACOL JI Eur. J. Pharmacol. PD DEC 18 PY 1998 VL 363 IS 2-3 BP 203 EP 210 DI 10.1016/S0014-2999(98)00792-4 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 149VP UT WOS:000077627200019 PM 9881591 ER PT J AU Golden, KM Ackley, SF Lytle, VI AF Golden, KM Ackley, SF Lytle, VI TI The percolation phase transition in sea ice SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; EXPONENT INEQUALITIES; PARTICLE-SIZE; WEDDELL-SEA; COMPOSITES; TRANSPORT; ALGAE; LAYER; FLUX AB Sea ice exhibits a marked transition in its fluid transport properties at a critical brine volume fraction p(c) of about 5 percent, or temperature T-c of about -5 degrees C for salinity of 5 parts per thousand. For temperatures warmer than T-c, brine carrying heat and nutrients can move through the ice, whereas for colder temperatures the ice is impermeable. This transition plays a key role in the geophysics, biology, and remote sensing of sea ice. Percolation theory can be used to understand this critical behavior of transport in sea ice. The similarity of sea ice microstructure to compressed powders is used to theoretically predict p(c) of about 5 percent. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Math, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Univ Tasmania, Australian Antarctic Div, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Golden, KM (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Math, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 29 TC 234 Z9 244 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 18 PY 1998 VL 282 IS 5397 BP 2238 EP 2241 DI 10.1126/science.282.5397.2238 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 150CR UT WOS:000077645800040 ER PT J AU Schoening, JR AF Schoening, JR TI Education reform and its needs for technical standards SO COMPUTER STANDARDS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE education; computer based learning; technical standards AB This paper discusses some of the leading concepts in education reform and their need for technical standards. It also discusses the efforts by several organizations to develop such standards and specifications, and how new stakeholders can get involved or monitor this work. There are a variety of reform efforts being advocated and pursued by researchers, educators, learning institutions, corporate trainers, and government leaders. Concepts such as student-centered learning, computer-based training, on-line learning, distance learning, just-in-time learning, and self-learning are widely accepted as having the potential to substantially improve the efficiency and effectiveness of learning. All of these concepts have the need for one or more underlying technical standards. This paper describes a number of these standards and the work that is being done to develop them. It is important to note that these technical standards are independent from the content material (known as content standards) that students would be required to learn, as well as from the amount of that content (known as performance standards) a student would be expected to master. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5489 J9 COMP STAND INTER JI Comput. Stand. Interfaces PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 20 IS 2-3 BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.1016/S0920-5489(98)00052-X PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 151UY UT WOS:000077740100019 ER PT J AU Uretzky, ID Mair, EA Schoem, SR AF Uretzky, ID Mair, EA Schoem, SR TI Endoscopically guided midfacial degloving in infants for removal of congenital and acquired midfacial masses SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-Society-of-Pediatric-Otolaryngology, Combined Otolaryngologic Spring Meeting CY MAY 13, 1997 CL SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA SP Amer Soc Pediat Otolaryngol DE infants; midfacial degloving; endoscopy ID NASAL AB Midface degloving allows excellent exposure for a variety of congenital and acquired pediatric facial masses. The petite facial skeleton of the infant and child, however, can limit the utility of this dissection, thereby necessitating external approaches and altered cosmesis. Endoscopic assistance can aid in safe and complete removal of these masses without the need for external surgical approaches. In this series, five infants underwent midfacial degloving for midface lesions. Those masses that could not be adequately visualized underwent midfacial degloving with endoscopic assistance. Successful surgical removal was accomplished without complications, with follow-up ranging from 1 to 5 years. No surgical nasal deformity, vestibular stenosis, or decrease in midfacial growth was noted. Midfacial degloving with endoscopic guidance in selected cases is a cosmetically appealing option for lesions not otherwise resectable by standard midface degloving. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Uretzky, ID (reprint author), Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 195 Darrock Court, Fayetteville, NC 28311 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0165-5876 J9 INT J PEDIATR OTORHI JI Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 46 IS 3 BP 145 EP 158 DI 10.1016/S0165-5876(98)00087-1 PG 14 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics SC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics GA 159AX UT WOS:000078150600001 PM 10190585 ER PT J AU Dandekar, DP AF Dandekar, DP TI Index of refraction and mechanical behavior of soda lime glass under shock and release wave propagations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB This article reports a set of experiments designed to measure change in the refractive index of transparent material under both planar shock and release wave propagations. Information about both mechanical and optical properties of transparent material were obtained simultaneously through the measurement of particle velocity at or near the impact surface and the free surface velocity. Data thus obtained is used to determine shock and release wave velocities and the Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) of the material. Shock wave velocity in soda lime glass remains unchanged at 5.83 +/- 0.04 km/s, i.e., equal to the measured ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity, when it is shock compressed to less than or equal to 4.3 GPa. The value of shock wave velocity begins to decline when the impact stress in the glass exceeds this value. The release wave velocity, however, remains equal to the measured ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity to only 3 GPa, it begins to decline at higher stresses. The variation in the refractive index of the glass shows a cusp at 3.04-3.14 GPa. Additionally, up to and including the impact stress of 3.14 GPa, the refractive index after shock compression and release is within 1% of its ambient value, but at higher stresses it differs by larger percentage points. The HEL of the glass is determined to be 3.10 +/- 0.06 GPa although it lacks the classic well defined cusp in all the recorded wave profiles of soda lime glass. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(98)00724-5]. C1 USA, Res Lab Weapons & Mat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Dandekar, DP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab Weapons & Mat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM ddandek@arl.mil NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 84 IS 12 BP 6614 EP 6622 DI 10.1063/1.369035 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 144BJ UT WOS:000077293100020 ER PT J AU Videen, G Chylek, P AF Videen, G Chylek, P TI Scattering by a composite sphere with an absorbing inclusion and effective medium approximations SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE scatter; effective medium approximations ID MAXWELL-GARNETT MODEL; PARTICULATE COMPOSITES; ECCENTRIC INCLUSION; DIELECTRIC SPHERE; PARTICLES AB We investigate the accuracy of three effective medium approximations when applied to the scattering by inhomogeneous spherical particles. We compare gross scattering properties (extinction, scattering, and absorption cross sections, single scattering albedo, and the asymmetry parameter) and the scattering phase functions calculated using the effective medium approximations to those scattering properties obtained using an exact solution of the boundary value problem for a water droplet (sphere) containing an arbitrarily located spherical carbon inclusion. For small inclusion size parameters (x(inc) < 0.5), all effective medium approximations predict gross scattering properties to within 1% accuracy. As the inclusion size increases, the extended effective medium approximation provides greater accuracy than the other approximations. In addition, the extended effective medium approximation more accurately reproduces the structure of the scattering phase function. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 IS EE, Army Res Lab, AMSRL, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys, Atmospher Sci Program, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Atmospher Sci Program, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. RP Videen, G (reprint author), IS EE, Army Res Lab, AMSRL, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 25 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 158 IS 1-6 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(98)00557-4 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 152AH UT WOS:000077752700001 ER PT J AU Yu, SG Kim, KW Bergman, L Dutta, M Stroscio, MA Zavada, JM AF Yu, SG Kim, KW Bergman, L Dutta, M Stroscio, MA Zavada, JM TI Long-wavelength optical phonons in ternary nitride-based crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; MIXED-CRYSTALS; SCATTERING; SPECTRA; MODES; GAN AB Phonon modes in column-III-nitride ternary semiconductors an investigated theoretically within the modified random-element isodisplacement model. It is found that A(1) and E-1 branches of optical phonons in wurtzite GaxAl1-xN and InxGa1-xN exhibit one-mode behavior. This result is explained by the fact that atomic mass of nitrogen is much smaller than those of other atoms. [S0163-1829(98)05447-2]. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Yu, SG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 23 TC 59 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 23 BP 15283 EP 15287 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.15283 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 148PY UT WOS:000077542100001 ER PT J AU Komirenko, SM Kim, KW Stroscio, MA Kochelap, VA AF Komirenko, SM Kim, KW Stroscio, MA Kochelap, VA TI Renormalization of acoustic phonon spectra and rudiments of the Peierls transition in free-standing quantum wires SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-GAS; LOCALIZATION; MODES AB We have analyzed a quasi-one-dimensional electron-phonon system coupled through the deformation potential interaction. In a free-standing quantum wire, we calculated the renormalization of acoustic phonon spectra. The results illustrate remarkable cusplike features in the vicinity of the phonon wave vector that is twice the electron Fermi wave vector. These cusps are rudiments of the Peierls transition in the quasi-one-dimensional system. The transition is suppressed in conventional materials because of the electrostatic effects. For such materials, however, the renormalization of acoustic phonon spectra and the cusps can be observed in various acoustical and optical experiments. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that the Peierls transition can occur in free-standing quantum wires fabricated from semiconductor materials with high permittivity. [S0163-1829(98)05638-3]. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Semicond Phys, Dept Theoret Phys, UA-252650 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Komirenko, SM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 24 BP 16360 EP 16368 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.16360 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 151BE UT WOS:000077700400059 ER PT J AU Rudin, S Samsonidze, G AF Rudin, S Samsonidze, G TI Formation and propagation of shock waves in the conduction channel of a field-effect-transistor structure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; FLUID AB We consider the evolution of a nonuniform initial electron-density distribution in the conduction channel of a field-effect-transistor structure using a hydrodynamic description which is a reasonable approximation for devices with high electron densities and short gate lengths. We show that nonlinear terms in the hydrodynamic equations may lead to the formation of the shock waves in the quasi-two-dimensional electron gas in the conduction channel, and study how their propagation is affected by the boundary conditions on the source and drain sides of the channel. For the time-independent boundary conditions considered in this work, nonlinear effects such as shocks will decay with time as energy is dissipated at the shock front. However, these examples will help us to understand nonlinear effects in the response of two-dimensional electron gas to high-frequency signals. In that situation the nonlinear waves will persist even when dissipation is significant. [S0163-1829(98)03848-6]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 191040, Russia. RP Rudin, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 24 BP 16369 EP 16373 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.16369 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 151BE UT WOS:000077700400060 ER PT J AU Iliadis, AA Andronescu, SN Edinger, K Orloff, JH Vispute, RD Talyansky, V Sharma, RP Venkatesan, T Wood, MC Jones, KA AF Iliadis, AA Andronescu, SN Edinger, K Orloff, JH Vispute, RD Talyansky, V Sharma, RP Venkatesan, T Wood, MC Jones, KA TI Ohmic contacts to p-6H-SiC using focused ion-beam surface-modification and pulsed laser epitaxial TiN deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BARRIER HEIGHT; REDUCTION; CARBIDE AB The development of low-resistance Ohmic metallizations to p-type 6H-SiC, using a focused ion-beam (FIB)-Ga surface-modification and ex situ pulsed laser (PLD) epitaxial TiN deposition without further annealing, is reported. The FIB-Ga surface-modification and PLD epitaxial TiN metallizations showed a minimum value of contact resistance of 4.4 X 10(-5) Ohm cm(2) at an ion dose and energy of 5.0 X 10(16) ions/cm(2) and 20 keV, respectively. Auger analysis data indicated well-defined interfaces between the metal and the semiconductor, and a significant subsurface Ga concentration. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)01450-8]. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Supercond, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Iliadis, AA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM agis@eng.umd.edu RI Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 24 BP 3545 EP 3547 DI 10.1063/1.122802 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 145ZM UT WOS:000077402800022 ER PT J AU Dominguez, DD Chung, R Nguyen, V Tevault, D McGill, RA AF Dominguez, DD Chung, R Nguyen, V Tevault, D McGill, RA TI Evaluation of SAW chemical sensors for air filter lifetime and performance monitoring SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AB A miniature surface acoustic wave (SAW) chemical sensor has been utilized to monitor the progression and breakthrough of the nerve agent simulant dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP) through a porous carbon filter-bed. The SAW sensor was successfully operated in carbon filter-beds under high air flow rates and a variety of humidity conditions with no active temperature control applied to the filler bed or SAW sensor. The SAW sensor successfully monitored the progression of DMMP through the filter-bed, from low to high vapor concentrations. The inclusion of the SAW sensor in the middle or at the end of the filter-bed did not degrade the performance of the filter-bed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. USA, Ctr Dev & Engn, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP McGill, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6370,4555 Overlook Ave NE, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM amcgill@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD DEC 10 PY 1998 VL 53 IS 3 BP 186 EP 190 DI 10.1016/S0925-4005(98)00338-4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 189MD UT WOS:000079908100008 ER PT J AU Armstrong, KL Cooper, MF Williams, MT Elsayed, NM AF Armstrong, KL Cooper, MF Williams, MT Elsayed, NM TI Vitamin E and lipoic acid, but not vitamin C improve blood oxygenation after high-energy IMPULSE noise (BLAST) exposure SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID EXERCISE PERFORMANCE; RAT LUNGS; OVERPRESSURE; INJURY; ANTIOXIDANT; TOXICITY; SUPPLEMENTATION; MECHANISM AB Exposure to high energy impulse noise (BLAST) caused by explosions, result in structural and functional damage to the hollow organs, especially to the respiratory and auditory systems. Lung damage includes alveolar wall rupture, edema and hemorrhage, and may be fatal. Previous observations at the molecular level using the rat model, suggested that secondary free radical-mediated oxidative stress occurs post exposure resulting in antioxidant depletion and hemoglobin (Hb) oxidation. This study examined whether a short period of pre-exposure supplementation with antioxidants would protect Hb from the effects of BLAST exposure. Six groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats (8/group) were gavaged with 800 IU vitamin E (VE) in 2 ml corn oil, 1000 mg vitamin C (VC) in 2 mi distilled water or 25 mg or (-lipoic acid (LA) in 2 mi corn oil for 3 days. Matched control groups were gavaged with the respective vehicles. On day 4, rats were deeply anesthetized and exposed to a simulated BLAST wave with an average peak pressure of 62 +/- 2 kPa. Rats were euthanized one hour post exposure and blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture and analyzed using a hemoximeter. Post exposure oxygenation states (HbO(2), O-2 saturation, and O-2 content) were markedly decreased, while reduced-Hb was increased. Supplementation with VE and LA reversed the trend and increased Hb oxygenation, but VC did not. This suggests that a brief dietary loading with pharmacological doses of VE or LA, but not VC shortly before BLAST exposure may be beneficial. Moreover, measurement of blood oxygenation may function as a simple, semi-invasive biomarker of BLAST-induced injury applicable to humans. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Resp Res, Div Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Armstrong, KL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Resp Res, Div Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM MAJ_KARYN_ARMSTRONG@WRSMTP-CCMAIL.ARMY.MIL NR 40 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD DEC 9 PY 1998 VL 253 IS 1 BP 114 EP 118 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9762 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 148VU UT WOS:000077554900020 PM 9875229 ER PT J AU Crawford, DM Bass, RG Haas, TW AF Crawford, DM Bass, RG Haas, TW TI Strain effects on thermal transitions and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE abrasion; differential scanning calorimetry; dynamic mechanical analysis; morphology; polyurethane; strain ID SEGMENTED POLYURETHANES; BLOCK COPOLYMERS; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; MORPHOLOGY; POLYMERS; DSC AB An investigation on the effect of strain on the domain structure of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPEs) is reported. Thermal characterization utilizing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is presented along with mechanical properties of model TPEs before, and after, varying degrees of strain aging. Model TPEs were subjected to tensile strains between 100 and 400% elongation and aged for varying lengths of time at ambient and elevated temperatures. DSC and DMA were utilized to investigate the changes in morphology that occurred as a result of strain elongation. The effect of strain aging on the TPEs mechanical properties such as abrasion resistance is also discussed. DSC results indicated that the polymer undergoes morphology changes due to strain, resulting in some degree of phase mixing. DMA data indicated that polyester TPEs and polyether TPEs respond differently to induced strain, suggesting that domain reordering in these materials may occur by different mechanisms. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Crawford, DM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Bldg 4600 Deer Creek Loop, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 18 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD DEC 7 PY 1998 VL 323 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 63 DI 10.1016/S0040-6031(98)00541-3 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 149FA UT WOS:000077593400007 ER PT J AU Rao, SV Rao, DN Akkara, JA DeCristofano, BS Rao, DVGLN AF Rao, SV Rao, DN Akkara, JA DeCristofano, BS Rao, DVGLN TI Dispersion studies of non-linear absorption in C-60 using Z-scan SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REVERSE SATURABLE ABSORPTION; OPTICAL LIMITING MECHANISMS; TRANSIENT ABSORPTION; FULLERENE SOLUTIONS; C60; RELAXATION; PICOSECOND; DYNAMICS; PULSES; FILMS AB We present our experimental and theoretical results on the dispersion studies of non-linear absorption in C-60 solution. Open-aperture Z-scans are performed over the visible region (440-660 nm) using an ns OPO. Our results are interpreted using a 5-level model taking into account both the excited state absorption and two-photon absorption processes. Results indicate that the excited state absorption dominates in the shorter-wavelength region (440-560 nm) whereas the two-photon absorption dominates in the longer-wavelength region (580-660 nm). (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hyderabad, Sch Phys, Hyderabad 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RP Rao, DN (reprint author), Univ Hyderabad, Sch Phys, Hyderabad 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India. RI Soma, Venugopal Rao/B-2651-2008; Rao, Devulapalli/L-8863-2015 OI Soma, Venugopal Rao/0000-0001-5361-7256; NR 26 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 1998 VL 297 IS 5-6 BP 491 EP 498 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(98)01166-X PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 146TV UT WOS:000077448100018 ER PT J AU Martin, MP Dean, M Smith, MW Winkler, C Gerrard, B Michael, NL Lee, B Doms, RW Margolick, J Buchbinder, S Goedert, JJ O'Brien, TR Hilgartner, MW Vlahov, D O'Brien, SJ Carrington, M AF Martin, MP Dean, M Smith, MW Winkler, C Gerrard, B Michael, NL Lee, B Doms, RW Margolick, J Buchbinder, S Goedert, JJ O'Brien, TR Hilgartner, MW Vlahov, D O'Brien, SJ Carrington, M TI Genetic acceleration of AIDS progression by a promoter variant of CCR5 SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR GENE; HIV-1 INFECTION; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; MIP-1-ALPHA; MIP-1-BETA; RESISTANCE; RANTES AB The CCR5 gene encodes a cell surface chemokine receptor molecule that serves as the principal coreceptor, with CD4, for macrophage-tropic (R5) strains of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1). Genetic association analysis of five cohorts of people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) revealed that infected individuals homozygous for a multisite haplotype of the CCR5 regulatory region containing the promoter allele, CCR5P1, progress to AIDS more rapidly than those with other CCR5 promoter genotypes, particularly in the early years after infection. Composite genetic epidemiologic analyses of genotypes bearing CCR5P1, CCR5-Delta 32, CCR2-641, and SDF1-3'A affirmed distinct regulatory influences for each gene on AIDS progression. An estimated 10 to 17 percent of patients who develop AIDS within 3.5 years of HIV-1 infection do so because they are homozygous for CCR5P1/P1, and 7 to 13 percent of all people carry this susceptible genotype. The cumulative and interactive influence of these AIDS restriction genes illustrates the multigenic nature of host factors Limiting AIDS disease progression. C1 NCI, Lab Genom Divers, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. NCI, Viral Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Cornell Univ, Med Ctr, New York Hosp, Div Pediat Hematol & Oncol, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP O'Brien, TR (reprint author), NCI, Lab Genom Divers, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM obrien@ncifcrf.gov RI Smith, Michael/B-5341-2012; Dean, Michael/G-8172-2012 OI Dean, Michael/0000-0003-2234-0631 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-56000] NR 48 TC 333 Z9 344 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 4 PY 1998 VL 282 IS 5395 BP 1907 EP 1911 DI 10.1126/science.282.5395.1907 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 144WG UT WOS:000077338100054 PM 9836644 ER PT J AU Basler, JW Thompson, IM AF Basler, JW Thompson, IM TI Lest we abandon digital rectal examination as a screening test for prostate cancer SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CARCINOMA C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Urol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Thompson, IM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Urol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD DEC 2 PY 1998 VL 90 IS 23 BP 1761 EP 1763 DI 10.1093/jnci/90.23.1761 PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 144CV UT WOS:000077296900002 PM 9839511 ER PT J AU Callahan, CW AF Callahan, CW TI Increased gastroesophageal reflux in infants: can history provide an explanation? SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Editorial Material DE gastroesophageal reflux; history; infants ID GASTRO-ESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; CAR SEATS; HUMAN-MILK; CHILDREN; MACROPHAGES; ASPIRATION; MECHANISM; FORMULA; DISEASE AB Gastroesophageal reflux (GER), a problem rarely mentioned half a century ago, has now become a major source of blame for a number of pediatric maladies. Over the past few decades, the rate of GER diagnosis in hospitalized infants less than 1 y old rose more than 10-fold. An increased rate of diagnosis does not mean that GER disease is more common. The increase in diagnosis may be the result of overdiagnosis, inappropriate diagnosis or an increased ability to detect GER. However, it is also possible that increased GER diagnosis may reflect a real increase in the prevalence of pathological GER and GER disease. Three aspects of infant rearing have changed dramatically during the past 50 y: what infants are fed, how much they are fed and where they are placed between feedings. This essay examines these aspects of infant rearing and their possible relationship with increased GER. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, MCHKPE, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Callahan, CW (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, MCHKPE, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0803-5253 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 87 IS 12 BP 1219 EP 1223 DI 10.1080/080352598750030861 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 150ZQ UT WOS:000077696800004 PM 9894818 ER PT J AU Convertino, VA AF Convertino, VA TI Gender differences in autonomic functions associated with blood pressure regulation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE barorelfex; orthostasis; orthostatic hypotension; vasoconstriction ID BODY NEGATIVE-PRESSURE; DOWN BED REST; ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE; BAROREFLEX RESPONSES; VAGAL BAROREFLEX; TOLERANCE; WOMEN; VOLUME; FITNESS; HUMANS AB Functions of carotid and aortic baroreflex control of heart rate (HR), cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of vascular resistance, adrenoreceptor responsiveness, indexes of baseline vagal and sympathetic tone, circulating blood volume, and venous compliance were compared in men and women to test the hypothesis that lower orthostatic tolerance in women would be associated with lower responsiveness of specific mechanisms of blood pressure regulation. HR, stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (Q), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), central venous pressure, forearm (FVR) and leg (LVR) vascular resistance, catecholamines, and changes in leg volume (%Delta LV) were measured during various protocols of lower body negative pressure (LBNP), carotid stimulation, and infusions of adrenoreceptor agonists in 7 females and 10 males matched for age and fitness. LBNP tolerance for the women (797 +/- 63 mmHg/min) was 35% lower (P = 0.002) than 1,235 +/- 101 mmHg/min for the men. At presyacope, SV, Q, MAP, and %Delta LV were lower (P < 0.05) in females compared with males, whereas HR, FVR, and total peripheral resistance were similar in both groups. Lower LBNP tolerance in females was associated with reduced HR response to carotid baroreceptor stimulation, lower baseline cardiac vagal activity, greater decline in Q induced by LBNP, increased beta(1)-adrenoreceptor responsiveness, greater vasoconstriction under equal LBNP, lower levels of circulating NE at presyncope, and lower relative blood volume. The results of this investigation support the hypothesis that women have less responsiveness in mechanisms that underlie blood pressure regulation under orthostatic challenge. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Physiol Res Sect, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Convertino, VA (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave,Bldg 3611, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 38 TC 145 Z9 145 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 275 IS 6 BP R1909 EP R1920 PG 12 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 155YA UT WOS:000077973200020 PM 9843880 ER PT J AU Quintana, M Piper, R Boling, HL Makler, M Sherman, C Gill, E Fernandez, E Martin, S AF Quintana, M Piper, R Boling, HL Makler, M Sherman, C Gill, E Fernandez, E Martin, S TI Malaria diagnosis by dipstick assay in a Honduran population with coendemic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ANTIGEN-CAPTURE ASSAY; LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE; IDENTIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; INFECTION AB A Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase dipstick designed to separately detect P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria was evaluated in two Honduran populations where both species are endemic. The dipstick: was compared to thick him microscopy; the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to analyze discordant results. The dipstick had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 95% compared with microscopy in the diagnosis of Plasmodium infections in a hospital population; the mean parasite density was approximately 590/mm(3). In a field sample of mostly asymptomatic volunteers, the sensitivity of the dipstick for Plasmodium infection varied with parasite density. Additionally, the sensitivity and specificity of the dipstick was similar to thick film microscopy in the diagnosis of vivax malaria compared with the PCR. The dipstick was unable to detect P. vivax in the presence of P. falciparum because of cross-reactivity in the pan-specific band. Accurate species identification in mixed infections remains a problem in malaria diagnosis. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Div Commun Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Flow Inc, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Joint Task Force Bravo Soto Cono Air Base, Soto Cono, Honduras. Minist Hlth, Div Vector Borne Dis, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. RP Quintana, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Div Commun Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 18 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 59 IS 6 BP 868 EP 871 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 154RE UT WOS:000077901900006 PM 9886191 ER PT J AU Gozalo, A Lucas, C Cachay, M Wellde, BT Hall, T Bell, B Wood, J Watts, D Wooster, M Lyon, JA Moch, JK Haynes, JD Williams, JS Holland, C Watson, E Kester, KE Kaslow, DC Ballou, WR AF Gozalo, A Lucas, C Cachay, M Wellde, BT Hall, T Bell, B Wood, J Watts, D Wooster, M Lyon, JA Moch, JK Haynes, JD Williams, JS Holland, C Watson, E Kester, KE Kaslow, DC Ballou, WR TI Passive transfer of growth-inhibitory antibodies raised against yeast-expressed recombinant Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1(19) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID AOTUS MONKEYS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; IMMUNIZATION; MALARIA; INFECTION; PRECURSOR; INDUCTION; ADJUVANT; ANTIGENS AB Purified rabbit immunoglobulin raised against yeast-expressed recombinant FVO or 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) 19k-D C terminal fragment (MSP-1(19)) was transfused into malaria-naive Aotus nancymai monkeys that were immediately challenged with FVO asexual stage malaria parasites. Control monkeys received rabbit immunoglobulin raised against the sexual stage antigen Pfs25 or Aotus hyperimmune serum obtained from monkeys immunized by P. falciparum infection and drug cure. Passive transfer of rabbit anti-MSP-1(19) failed to protect against homologous or heterologous challenge and, when compared with negative controls, there were no differences in prepatent periods or time to treatment. Interestingly, rabbit anti-MSP-1(19), but not anti-Pfs25, immunoglobulin, and immune monkey serum prevented the development of antibodies directed against MSP-1(19) fragment by infected monkeys, indicating that the antibodies were reactive with native MSP-1(19) antigen in vivo. The prepatent period and time to treatment was greatly delayed in the two monkeys that received Aotus immune serum, both of which developed a chronic intermittent low level infection. In vitro parasite growth inhibition assays (GIAs) confirmed the presence of inhibitory activity (40% maximum inhibition) in concentrated anti-MSP-1(19) immunoglobulin (4.8 mg/ml), but the peak concentrations we achieved in vivo (1 mg/ml) were not inhibitory in vitro. Subinhibitory levels of anti-MSP-1(19) antibodies achieved by passive transfer were not protective against P. falciparum challenge. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biol Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIH, Parasit Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Inst Detachment, Lima, Peru. RP Ballou, WR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011; Holland, Carolyn/B-7880-2011 OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802; NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 59 IS 6 BP 991 EP 997 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 154RE UT WOS:000077901900026 PM 9886211 ER PT J AU Svetec, D Thompson, IM AF Svetec, D Thompson, IM TI PSA screening - current controversy SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE outcomes; prostate cancer; screening ID PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; DECISION-ANALYSIS; CANCER; CARCINOMA; MORTALITY; MANAGEMENT; TRIAL AB There is perhaps no more contentious issue in Urology in 1998 than how and if PSA screening for prostate cancer should be applied. The issue must be discussed in the absence of completed randomized clinical trials, and arguments must be supported by extrapolated clinical data in the medical literature. Because of data which can be interpreted often in two different manners, groups and organizations including patient's groups, governmental agencies, medical organizations, and managed care providers often find themselves at odds with each other with regards to recommendations regarding PSA screening. In order to put these issues into perspective, a series of five questions will be answered. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Urol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Thompson, IM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Urol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. EM thompsoni@uthscsa.edu NR 39 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 9 IS 12 BP 1283 EP 1288 DI 10.1023/A:1008446208963 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 162EC UT WOS:000078331700011 PM 9932156 ER PT J AU Malinowski, JC AF Malinowski, JC TI Family fantasies and community space. SO ANNALS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS LA English DT Book Review DE community; family; feminism; San Diego; social theory; suburbia C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Malinowski, JC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0004-5608 J9 ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR JI Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 88 IS 4 BP 731 EP 733 PG 3 WC Geography SC Geography GA 141JY UT WOS:000077141300014 ER PT J AU Lotufo, GR AF Lotufo, GR TI Bioaccumulation of sediment-associated fluoranthene in benthic copepods: uptake, elimination and biotransformation SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PAH; fluoranthene; sediment; bioaccumulation; copepod; lipid content ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; BOTTOM-FEEDING FISH; MEIOBENTHIC COPEPODS; CHIRONOMUS-RIPARIUS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA; PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; TROPHIC TRANSFER; WHOLE-SEDIMENT; TOXICOKINETICS AB Most polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) entering aquatic systems reside in sediments and in the storage lipids of the benthic biota. Massive amounts of PAHs reach estuarine systems and threaten their ecosystems. Copepods abound in the estuarine benthos, where they are an important component of food webs. The accumulation of sediment-associated [C-14]fluoranthene was examined in adult females of two species of sediment-dwelling copepods, Schizopera knabeni and Coullana sp., collected from a Louisiana salt marsh. Accumulation was measured throughout a short- (24 h) and a long-term (10-day) exposure to concentrations in the sediment ranging from 0 to 1652 nmol (g dry wt.)(-1). Fluoranthene apparent steady slate body residue was reached very rapidly(< 12 h) at all concentrations for both species. Lipid and organic-carbon-normalized bioaccumulation factors (BSAFs) calculated at day 1 were 0.57-0.80 for S, knabeni and 0.35-0.71 for Coullana sp. Fluoranthene body burden in female Coullana sp. changed dramatically during their reproductive cycle. A significant fraction of the fluoranthene residue was stored in the lipid-rich maturing eggs which were extruded into paired egg sacs. For S, knabeni, fluoranthene depuration occurred at similar rates in sediment and water (half life approximately 4.8 h), while it was faster in sediment than in water for Coullana sp. (half lives = 4.2 and 7.4 h). Fluoranthene was biotransformed to polar compounds in both species. Metabolites accounted for approximately 12% of the C-14 activity in the tissues following a 96-h sediment exposure in both species, Given that fluoranthene was taken up from spiked sediment very efficiently and reached steady-state levels in the tissues very rapidly, PAH-contaminated sediments may pose a risk for benthic copepods and their predators. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Zool & Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70083 USA. RP Lotufo, GR (reprint author), USA, ASCI Corp, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn,CEWES ES F, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 47 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 44 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/S0166-445X(98)00072-1 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 153UD UT WOS:000077850300001 ER PT J AU Lotufo, GR AF Lotufo, GR TI Lethal and sublethal toxicity of sediment-associated fluoranthene to benthic copepods: application of the critical-body-residue approach SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PAH; sediment; toxicity; critical body residue; sublethal; copepod ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MUSSELS MYTILUS-EDULIS; FRESH-WATER AMPHIPODS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; MEIOBENTHIC COPEPODS; NARCOTIC CHEMICALS; PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; TOXICOKINETICS; BURDENS AB Lethality occurs at tissue concentrations of organic contaminants acting via non-polar narcosis at about 2-8 mu mol (g wet wt.)(-1) for most vertebrate and invertebrate species tested. The range of tissue concentrations for such compounds associated with sublethal effects has yet to be determined. During this study, the lethal and sublethal toxicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) congener fluoranthene to benthic copepods was examined in sediment exposures. Mature female Schizopera knabeni and Coullana SP, were exposed to dosed sediment at concentrations ranging from 0 to 334 mu g (g dry wt.)(-1) for 10 days. Copepod survival and reproductive output were related to the [C-14]fluoranthene concentration in the external (sediment) and internal (tissues) media. In both copepod species, fluoranthene tissue concentrations were maximal at day 1 and remained relatively constant throughout the 10-day experiment. Most of the mortality occurred between days 4 and 10. For S. knabeni, the 10-day mean lethal sediment concentration (LC50) was 213 mu g (g dry wt.)(-1) (193-231, 95% confidence interval (CI)) and the 10-day median lethal tissue residue (LR50) was 2.7 mu mol (g wet wt.)(-1) (2.5-2.8, 95% CI). Coullana sp. was more sensitive, with a 10-day sediment LC50 of 132 mu g (g dry wt.)(-1) (88-170; 95% CI)and a 10-day LR50 of 1.2 mu mol (g wet wt.)(-1) (0.8-1.6, 95%, CI). Differences in sensitivity persisted even after normalization of body residues by total lipid content (LR50 = 47.8 and 15.6 mu mol (g lipid)(-1) for S. knabeni and Coullana sp.. respectively). Reproduction of S, knabeni was significantly impaired at lower concentrations in both sediment and tissue. The sediment concentration associated with a 50% reduction in S. knabeni surviving offspring in a 10-day exposure was 55 nmol (g dry wt.)(-1) Tissue residues in adult Females associated with this reduction were around 0.5 mu mol (g wet wt.)(-1), a value representing a fraction of 0.2 the 10-day LR50. This decrease in offspring production was likely related to specific modes of action (e.g. impairment of embryonic development), rather than solely general narcosis. To directly assess the effects of narcosis (decreased activity) at sublethal tissue residues; copepod grazing rate on microalgae was measured concomitantly with sediment exposure to fluoranthene. Short-term exposures (27 h) revealed that a 50% decrease in grazing rates was associated with tissue residues of approximately 0.2 mu mol (g wet wt.)(-1). The use of the critical body residue (CBR) approach for toxicity assessment is supported by this study and appears to be a very promising approach for evaluating risk to benthic organisms from organic contaminants. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Zool & Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70083 USA. RP Lotufo, GR (reprint author), USA, ASCI Corp, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn,CEWES ES F, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 46 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 44 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 30 DI 10.1016/S0166-445X(98)00071-X PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 153UD UT WOS:000077850300002 ER PT J AU Kenner, JR Sperling, LC AF Kenner, JR Sperling, LC TI Pathological case of the month - Temporal triangular alopecia and aplasia cutis congenita SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Kenner, JR (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Dermatol Serv, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 152 IS 12 BP 1241 EP 1242 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 146PH UT WOS:000077439200016 PM 9856438 ER PT J AU Racine, CH Walters, JC Jorgenson, MT AF Racine, CH Walters, JC Jorgenson, MT TI Airboat use and disturbance of floating mat fen wetlands in interior Alaska, USA SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE airboat; floating mat; Alaska; peatland; fen; wetland; disturbance ID TYPHA MATS; TUNDRA AB The use of airboats is expanding in Alaska, particularly in the interior. This study describes the nature, magnitude, and distribution of disturbances caused by airboat trails over floating mat fen wetlands in the Tanana Flats near Fairbanks, Alaska. Airphoto interpretation showed over 300 km of airboat trails by 1995, with a 15% expansion of the trail system since 1989. Field sampling was done at 30 trail and adjacent control sites along this trail system to assess changes in hydrology, soils, and vegetation. Water velocities in the trails at two-thirds of the sites were at least an order of magnitude greater than velocities of less than 1.5 cm sec(-1) in the control areas. On average, 30 cm of the 0.5 -0.75 m thick floating mat has been removed or eroded by airboat traffic at the sampling locations. Nearly all emergent floating mat vegetation has been destroyed (5% cover remaining on average) so that the trails resemble a highly visible open water stream channel 2-3 m wide through the floating mars. Although the recovery and regrowth potential of floating mats in trails is high, recovery is unlikely in trails with continuing use. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ No Iowa, Dept Earth Sci, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. Alaska Biol Res Inc, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. RP Racine, CH (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD DEC PY 1998 VL 51 IS 4 BP 371 EP 377 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 155XT UT WOS:000077972300009 ER PT J AU Braithwaite, MG Beal, KG Alvarez, EA Jones, HD Estrada, A AF Braithwaite, MG Beal, KG Alvarez, EA Jones, HD Estrada, A TI The optokinetic cervico reflex during simulated helicopter flight SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AVIATION SPATIAL ORIENTATION; HEAD POSITION AB Introduction: The optokinetic cervico reflex (OKCR) is a recently hypothesized, visually driven reflex that serves to stabilize die image of the external horizon on the retina during roll maneuvers in high-performance aircraft. Although reported anecdotally, head tilt during helicopter flight has not been studied formally. Such research is required to determine the full impact and significance that it may have on the flying performance of a rotary-wing aviator. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between horizon position and the perception of orientation and, thus, to generate vital information to assess whether OKCR plays an important role in spatial disorientation. Hypothesis: Pilots of rotary-wing aircraft will exhibit the OKCR. Methods: A UH-60 flight simulator study, with 20 volunteer pilots participating, was performed to examine the effects of this reflex during day flight and during flight with night vision goggles (NVGs). Results: The results confirm that the OKCR occurs during simulated helicopter flight, both with and without NVGs. As with previous studies, head roll increased during flight under visual meteorological conditions in relation to an increasing aircraft roll angle up to a maximum sustainable level and then remained constant. Head roll did not occur during night under instrument meteorological conditions. Conclusion: The presence of the OKCR will impact rotary-wing operations. Various aspects are discussed, and recommendations are made for future research. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL USA. RP Braithwaite, MG (reprint author), Headquarters Director Army Aviat, Middle Wallop, Stockbridge SO20 8DY, Hants, England. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 69 IS 12 BP 1166 EP 1173 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 142DF UT WOS:000077184100007 PM 9856541 ER PT J AU Sutherland, RS Baskin, LS Kogan, BA Cunha, G AF Sutherland, RS Baskin, LS Kogan, BA Cunha, G TI Neuroanatomical changes in the rat bladder after bladder outlet obstruction SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bladder; smooth muscle hypertrophy; neuronal changes ID INFRAVESICAL OUTFLOW OBSTRUCTION; URINARY-BLADDER; NITRIC-OXIDE; SMOOTH-MUSCLE; GUINEA-PIG; INNERVATION; DETRUSOR; HYPERTROPHY; DENERVATION; PATHWAYS AB Objective To investigate the histological changes in bladder innervation in response to partial bladder outlet obstruction in a rat model, Materials and methods Forty-eight adult female rats had their bladder outlet partially obstructed by ligating the proximal urethra over a 20 G angiocatheter; 18 sham-operated rats served as controls. Animals were killed after 1, 2 and 4 weeks. and their bladders evaluated using computerized morphometry. Immunohistochemical staining for neuronal protein gene-product 9.5 (PGP, a general neuronal marker) and enzyme histochemical staining of acetylcholinesterase, adrenergic fibres and nitric oxide synthase were performed. Results Bladder wall changes after obstruction consisted of a six- to sevenfold increase in bladder volume and weight. Smooth muscle hypertrophy was evident equally at all sample times, Cystometry showed functional alterations in bladder capacity and voided pressures; obstructed animals had markedly increased bladder capacities and higher voiding pressures (obstructed, 80-100 cmH(2)O; normal, 30-40cmH(2)O), Neuronal changes in the obstructed bladder were most dramatic within the cholinergic and adrenergic neurotransmitter systems within and surrounding the smooth muscle bundles, where there was less staining than in control animals. PGP immunoreactivity increased slightly. The L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway appeared unperturbed after obstruction, Conclusions These histological findings suggest that neuropathic changes in the bladder after outlet obstruction, including detrusor instability, are mainly the result of anatomical perturbations in the cholinergic and adrenergic pathways. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94134 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anat, San Francisco, CA 94134 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Baskin, LS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, U-575,Box 0738, San Francisco, CA 94134 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [K08 DK02397-01, R01 DK51397-01] NR 32 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-1331 J9 BRIT J UROL JI Br. J. Urol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 82 IS 6 BP 895 EP 901 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 153AF UT WOS:000077810000022 PM 9883231 ER PT J AU Barillo, DJ Burge, TS Harrington, DT Coffey, EC Shirani, KZ Goodwin, CW AF Barillo, DJ Burge, TS Harrington, DT Coffey, EC Shirani, KZ Goodwin, CW TI Body habitus as a predictor of burn risk in children: do fat boys still get burned? SO BURNS LA English DT Article DE thermal injury; trauma; burn; pediatrics; nonaccidental trauma AB Previous research at this institute has demonstrated that heavy-for-age boys are more burn prone than their normal sized counterparts. As this study is now 26 years old, we reexamined the anthropomorphic indices of 372 children admitted to one burn center between January 1991 and July 1997 to determine if this trend was still evident. Male children were over-represented in the less than or equal to 5th and >95th percentiles for both height (p < 0.001, p < 0.05) and weight (p < 0.01, p < 0.001). Female children were over-represented in the less than or equal to 5th and >95th percentiles for height (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). Twenty-eight percent of boys at or below the 5th percentile for weight were burned as a result of known or suspected intentional injury, compared to 5.9% of the entire pediatric burn population (p < 0.0004). 'Fat boys' continue to be over-represented in the pediatric burn population. Additionally, in the more recent time period, boys at or below the 5th percentile for height or weight and girls= <5th percentile or >95th percentile for height are also over-represented. The increased frequency of burn injury in small-for-age children may reflect an increased risk of burn injury secondary to neglect or nonaccidental trauma. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd for ISBI. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Barillo, DJ (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-4179 J9 BURNS JI Burns PD DEC PY 1998 VL 24 IS 8 BP 725 EP 727 DI 10.1016/S0305-4179(98)00088-6 PG 3 WC Critical Care Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA 155KF UT WOS:000077945200006 PM 9915672 ER PT J AU Taylor, AJ Hotchkiss, D Morse, RW McCabe, J AF Taylor, AJ Hotchkiss, D Morse, RW McCabe, J TI PREPARED: PREParation for Angiography in REnal Dysfunction - A randomized trial of inpatient vs outpatient hydration protocols for cardiac catheterization in mild-to-moderate renal dysfunction SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE contrast media; hydration methods; renal failure ID CONTRAST-MEDIA; NEPHROTOXICITY; NEPHROPATHY; RISK AB Background: IV hydration before and after cardiac catheterization is effective in preventing contrast-associated renal dysfunction for patients with mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency, but necessitates overnight hospital admission. We tested an outpatient oral precatheterization hydration strategy in comparison with overnight IV hydration, Methods: We randomized 36 patients with renal dysfunction (serum creatinine greater than or equal to 1.4 mg/dL) undergoing elective cardiac catheterization to receive either overnight IV hydration (0.45 normal saline solution at 75 mL/h for both 12 h precatheterization and postcatheterization; n = 18) or an outpatient hydration protocol including precatheterization oral hydration (1,000 mL clear liquid over 10 h) followed by 6 h of IV hydration (0.45 normal saline solution at 300 mL/h) beginning just before contrast exposure. The predefined primary end point was the maximal change in creatinine up to 48 h after cardiac catheterization. Results: The inpatient and outpatient groups were well matched for baseline characteristics and contrast volume, By protocol design, the outpatient group received a greater volume of hydration, although the net volume changes were comparable in the two groups. The maximal changes in serum creatinine in the inpatient (0.21 +/- 0.38 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02 to 0.39 mg/dL) and outpatient groups (0.12 +/- 0.23 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.24 mg/dL) were comparable (p = not significant). There n ere no instances of protocol intolerance, Conclusions: A hydration strategy compatible with outpatient cardiac catheterization is comparable to precatheterization and postcatheterization IV hydration in preventing contrast-associated changes in serum creatinine, Hospital admission for IV hydration is unnecessary before elective cardiac catheterization in the setting of mild-to-moderate renal dysfunction. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Med, Dept Hematol & Vasc Biol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Taylor, AJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Dept Med, Bldg 2,Room 4A, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 11 TC 129 Z9 138 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD DEC PY 1998 VL 114 IS 6 BP 1570 EP 1574 DI 10.1378/chest.114.6.1570 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 149PF UT WOS:000077613600017 PM 9872190 ER PT J AU Mohan, RK Palermo, MR AF Mohan, RK Palermo, MR TI Bottoms up SO CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Dredged materials aren't just for landfills anymore. Engineers have discovered their many hidden benefits. C1 Gahagan & Bryant Associates, Baltimore, MD USA. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Mohan, RK (reprint author), Gahagan & Bryant Associates, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0885-7024 J9 CIVIL ENG JI Civil Eng. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 68 IS 12 BP 56 EP 59 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 143FF UT WOS:000077244000048 ER PT J AU Kammer, GM Tsokos, GC AF Kammer, GM Tsokos, GC TI Emerging concepts of the molecular basis for estrogen effects on T lymphocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID I PROTEIN-KINASE; SEX-HORMONES; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; RESPONSE ELEMENT; NUCLEAR FACTOR; RECEPTOR; PHOSPHORYLATION; CALCINEURIN; ESTRADIOL; DISEASES C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Rheumatol Sect, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Physiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Kammer, GM (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Rheumatol Sect, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-1229 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 89 IS 3 BP 192 EP 195 DI 10.1006/clin.1998.4651 PG 4 WC Immunology; Pathology SC Immunology; Pathology GA 149LH UT WOS:000077606400001 PM 9837688 ER PT J AU Aronson, NE Wortmann, GW Johnson, SC Jackson, JE Gasser, RA Magill, AJ Endy, TP Coyne, PE Grogl, M Benson, PM Beard, JS Tally, JD Gambel, JM Kreutzer, RD Oster, CN AF Aronson, NE Wortmann, GW Johnson, SC Jackson, JE Gasser, RA Magill, AJ Endy, TP Coyne, PE Grogl, M Benson, PM Beard, JS Tally, JD Gambel, JM Kreutzer, RD Oster, CN TI Safety and efficacy of intravenous sodium stibogluconate in the treatment of leishmaniasis: Recent US military experience SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; MUCOSAL LEISHMANIASIS; PENTOSTAM; BRAZILIENSIS; CHEMOTHERAPY; KETOCONAZOLE; GUATEMALA; TOXICITY; BELIZE AB The efficacy and toxicity of sodium stibogluconate (SSG) at a dosage of 20 mg/(kg.d) for either 20 days (for cutaneous disease) or 28 days (for visceral, mucosal, or viscerotropic disease) in the treatment of leishmaniasis is reported. Ninety-six U.S. Department of Defense health care beneficiaries with parasitologically confirmed leishmaniasis were prospectively followed for 1 year. One patient was infected with human immunodeficiency virus; otherwise, comorbidity was absent. Clinical cure occurred in 91% of 83 cases of cutaneous disease and 93% of 13 cases of visceral/viscerotropic disease. Adverse effects were common and necessitated interruption of treatment in 28% of cases, but they were generally reversible. These included arthralgias and myalgias (58%), pancreatitis (97%), transaminitis (67%), headache (22%), hematologic suppression (44%), and rash (9%), No subsequent mucosal leishmaniasis was identfied, and there were no deaths attributable to SSG or leishmaniasis. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. CAEID, Surfside Beach, SC USA. RP Aronson, NE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 36 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1457 EP 1464 DI 10.1086/515027 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 148UU UT WOS:000077552300021 PM 9868660 ER PT J AU Polhemus, ME Aronson, NE AF Polhemus, ME Aronson, NE TI Persistent nephrolithiasis after discontinuation of indinavir therapy SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLURIA; UROLITHIASIS C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Aronson, NE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Dept Med, Ward 63, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1536 EP 1537 DI 10.1086/517740 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 148UU UT WOS:000077552300039 PM 9868678 ER PT J AU Chen, B Yancey, MK AF Chen, B Yancey, MK TI Antenatal corticosteroids in preterm premature rupture of membranes SO CLINICAL OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS SYNDROME; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; WEEKS GESTATION; ANTIBIOTIC-THERAPY; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; STEROIDS; MANAGEMENT; DEXAMETHASONE; HEMORRHAGE; PREVENTION C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, MCHK OB, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Yancey, MK (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, MCHK OB, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0009-9201 J9 CLIN OBSTET GYNECOL JI Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 41 IS 4 BP 832 EP 841 DI 10.1097/00003081-199812000-00007 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 141CZ UT WOS:000077126200005 PM 9917938 ER PT J AU Callahan, CW AF Callahan, CW TI Primary tracheomalacia and gastroesophageal reflux in infants with cough SO CLINICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED TRACHEOBRONCHOMALACIA; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; AIRWAY COLLAPSE; CHILDREN; ASSOCIATION; PATHOGENESIS; MACROPHAGES; ASPIRATION; MECHANICS AB Cough is an uncommon sign in infants. Cough may result from the presence of abnormal secretions in the airway or abnormalities of the central airways that affect the infant's ability to clear normal secretions. Tracheomalacia (TM) and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can both cause cough in infants. Four infants whose cough began in the newborn period were diagnosed with TM and GER. Symptoms of central airway obstruction (homophonous wheeze or tracheal cough) suggested the diagnoses. In three patients, the diagnosis was made by barium esophagraphy and airway fluoroscopy. The infants responded to conservative and medical therapy for GER and to nebulized bronchodilators. Tracheomalacia and GER cause cough in infants that begins in the newborn period. The diagnosis can often be made with studies available to the primary care provider, and the conditions are often responsive to medical management. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pediat Pulmonol Dept, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Callahan, CW (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pediat Pulmonol Dept, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTMINSTER PUBL INC PI GLEN HEAD PA 708 GLEN COVE AVE, GLEN HEAD, NY 11545 USA SN 0009-9228 J9 CLIN PEDIATR JI Clin. Pediatr. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 37 IS 12 BP 725 EP 731 DI 10.1177/000992289803701203 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 147XH UT WOS:000077522500003 PM 9864647 ER PT J AU Tiwary, CM AF Tiwary, CM TI Premature sexual development in children following the use of estrogen- or placenta-containing hair products SO CLINICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID ESTRIOL; GYNECOMASTIA; UTERUS AB Four African-American girls aged 14 months to 93 months developed breast or pubic hair 2 to 24 months after starting the use of estrogen or placenta-containing hair products. Discontinuing the use of the hair products resulted in regression of the breast or pubic hair. Serum gonadotropins and estradiol levels were variable. No other cause for early sexual development was noted in these girls. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Tiwary, CM (reprint author), Care of Ward JA, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 28 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU WESTMINSTER PUBL INC PI GLEN HEAD PA 708 GLEN COVE AVE, GLEN HEAD, NY 11545 USA SN 0009-9228 J9 CLIN PEDIATR JI Clin. Pediatr. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 37 IS 12 BP 733 EP 739 DI 10.1177/000992289803701204 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 147XH UT WOS:000077522500004 PM 9864648 ER PT J AU Sodhi, DS Takeuchi, T Nakazawa, N Akagawa, S Saeki, H AF Sodhi, DS Takeuchi, T Nakazawa, N Akagawa, S Saeki, H TI Medium-scale indentation tests on sea ice at various speeds SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sea ice; indentation test; ice crushing ID SALINE ICE; BRITTLE FAILURE; STRESS; DEFORMATION; CONTACT; MODEL AB As part of a five-year program involving laboratory and field tests in Japan, we conducted medium-scale indentation tests on sea ice in the harbor of Lake Notoro, Hokkaido, by pushing a segmented indentor against the edge of a floating ice sheet. Measurements on each 10-cm-wide segment included forces in three directions and the moment about a horizontal line parallel to the indentor face. During the tests in 1998, are also installed four pressure-sensing panels on the face of the segmented indentor and measured interfacial pressure during indentation tests at three speeds. We present the results from the load cells and the pressure-sensing panels. We obtained data on the actual contact area and the magnitude of interfacial pressures from the pressure-sensing panels. We observed both a 'line-like' contact during high-speed (3- and 30-mm s(-1)) indentation tests, and a gradually enlarging contact area attributable to creep deformation of the ice during low-speed (0.3-mm s(-1)) indentation tests. Using the results of a brittle flaking model from the literature, we estimate the apparent fracture toughness of the ice from the data on interfacial pressure and the width of the contact area. Taking creep and fracture properties into account, we present a theoretical model to estimate the speed at which the transition from ductile to brittle failure of ice takes place during ice-structure interaction. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Forest Works, Tokyo, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. RP Sodhi, DS (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM dsodhi@crrel.usace.army.mil RI Saeki, Hiroshi/G-4712-2012 NR 74 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 28 IS 3 BP 161 EP 182 DI 10.1016/S0165-232X(98)00017-2 PG 22 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 166AF UT WOS:000078553500002 ER PT J AU Smith, PM AF Smith, PM TI Operation Tailwind SO COMMENTARY LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Augusta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER JEWISH COMMITTEE PI NEW YORK PA 165 E 56TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 0010-2601 J9 COMMENTARY JI Commentary PD DEC PY 1998 VL 106 IS 6 BP 6 EP 7 PG 2 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA 141WM UT WOS:000077167300002 ER PT J AU Singlaub, JK AF Singlaub, JK TI Operation Tailwind SO COMMENTARY LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER JEWISH COMMITTEE PI NEW YORK PA 165 E 56TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 0010-2601 J9 COMMENTARY JI Commentary PD DEC PY 1998 VL 106 IS 6 BP 7 EP 8 PG 2 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA 141WM UT WOS:000077167300003 ER PT J AU Cavanaugh, SE AF Cavanaugh, SE TI Operation Tailwind SO COMMENTARY LA English DT Letter C1 USA, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER JEWISH COMMITTEE PI NEW YORK PA 165 E 56TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 0010-2601 J9 COMMENTARY JI Commentary PD DEC PY 1998 VL 106 IS 6 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA 141WM UT WOS:000077167300004 ER PT J AU Berman, J AF Berman, J TI Chemotherapy of leishmaniasis: recent advances in the treatment of visceral disease SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID B CHOLESTEROL DISPERSION; KALA-AZAR; AMBISOME AB New lipid formulations of amphotericin B - AmBisome, Amphotec, and Abelcet - have dramatically decreased the toxicity associated with amphotericin B and have made this group of agents the treatment of choice for visceral leishmaniasis, An agent of a completely different chemical class, the aminoglycoside aminosidine, was 97% curative in India. This agent too may be used for visceral leishmaniasis, Curr Opin Infect Dis 11:707-710. (C) 1998 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Berman, J (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 11 IS 6 BP 707 EP 710 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 154YG UT WOS:000077917900009 PM 17035746 ER PT J AU Pal, T Serichantalerg, O Echeverria, P Scheutz, F Cam, PD AF Pal, T Serichantalerg, O Echeverria, P Scheutz, F Cam, PD TI The use of an IpaC-specific ELISA to identify enteroinvasive Escherichia coli strains of unusual serogroups SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SHIGELLA; VIRULENCE; CHILDREN AB Twenty five Escherichia coli isolates expressing O antigens different from the conventionally recognized enteroinvasive E. coli were tested in the Sereny test, with an invasion plasmid-specific DNA probe, and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay recognizing the secreted IpaC antigen. These results indicate that the IpaC enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is a sensitive method to recognize enteroinvasive E. coli, irrespective of their serogroups. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Univ Pecs, Sch Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Pecs, Hungary. Statens Serum Inst, Int Escherichia & Klebsiella Ctr, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Echeverria, P (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. OI Scheutz, Flemming/0000-0002-3931-4846 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 32 IS 4 BP 255 EP 258 DI 10.1016/S0732-8893(97)00249-6 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 160CM UT WOS:000078212800001 PM 9934541 ER PT J AU Tuttle, RM Waselenko, JK Yosseffi, P Weigand, N Martin, RK AF Tuttle, RM Waselenko, JK Yosseffi, P Weigand, N Martin, RK TI Preservation of nucleic acids for polymerase chain reaction after prolonged storage at room temperature SO DIAGNOSTIC MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polymerase chain reaction; nucleic acids; DNA; RNA ID RT-PCR; CELL; DNA; RNA; HYBRIDIZATION; ASPIRATION; MUTATIONS; TISSUE; BRAIN AB A guanidinium isothiocyanate (GITC) lysis solution was evaluated for its efficacy in preserving nucleic acids for subsequent analysis after prolonged storage at room temperature. Aliquots of thyroid crude cell lysates were stored at 22 degrees C for 8 weeks in the GITC solution. Crude cell lysates stored for 2 weeks in the GITC solution consistently provided adequate RNA and DNA for reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and PCR, respectively, of PZ-microglobulin, thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), and thyroglobulin. Interestingly, the thyroglobulin and TSHR messages from thyroid fine needle aspirate samples were detected by RT-PCR only when stored at room temperature for less than 1 week, whereas the RT-PCR product for beta 2-microglobulin was detectable in 95%, of the samples at 3 months. In addition, thyroglobulin DNA was amplified by PCR in nearly all samples stored at 22 degrees C fur 2 months. These data suggest that GITC solutions can be used to preserve nucleic acids in most circumstances until transported to laboratories equipped and staffed with appropriate resources. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Clin Res Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Tuttle, RM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Clin Res Serv, Bldg 6,6800 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1052-9551 J9 DIAGN MOL PATHOL JI Diagn. Mol. Pathol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 7 IS 6 BP 302 EP 309 DI 10.1097/00019606-199812000-00003 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pathology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pathology GA 183JG UT WOS:000079550000003 PM 10207668 ER PT J AU Krinitzsky, EL AF Krinitzsky, EL TI The hazard in using probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for engineering SO ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE geophysics; earthquakes; seismicity; hazard analysis; structures; evaluations; probability ID EARTHQUAKE PROBABILITY; RECURRENCE AB Both the deterministic and probabilistic methods of seismic hazard analysis serve necessary purposes. Probability is needed to obtain operating basis earthquakes, to perform risk analyses, to prioritize projects, and for assigning recurrence estimates to deterministic earthquakes. The probability for these purposes is used as a relativistic measure. The problem with seismic probability is that it relies on the Gutenberg-Richter b-line, which has: severe shortcomings. There are corrections that can be applied, which attempt to remedy the problems. Data are introduced for paleoseismic events, characteristic earthquakes, and slip-rate, or judgments are introduced from logic trees, multiple expert opinions, and de-aggregation of E-values. Unfortunately, none are equal to the task. The probabilistic seismic hazard analyses remain fundamentally limited in their dependability. However, the deterministic method can provide evaluations that are at a practical level for engineering. Engineering design must be done deterministically if one is to have seismic safety coupled with good engineering judgement. The design for critical structures, those for which failure is intolerable, such as dams, nuclear power plants, hazardous waste repositories, etc., must be based on maximum credible earthquakes, obtained by deterministic procedures, in order to assure their seismic safety. C1 Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Geotech Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Krinitzsky, EL (reprint author), Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Geotech Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 1078-7275 J9 ENVIRON ENG GEOSCI JI Environ. Eng. Geosci. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 4 IS 4 BP 425 EP 443 PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 219NC UT WOS:000081612500001 ER PT J AU Gardner, HS Brennan, LM Toussaint, MW Rosencrance, AB Boncavage-Hennessey, EM Wolfe, MJ AF Gardner, HS Brennan, LM Toussaint, MW Rosencrance, AB Boncavage-Hennessey, EM Wolfe, MJ TI Environmental complex mixture toxicity assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Current Issues of Chemical Mixtures CY AUG 11-13, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Colorado State Univ, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci Superfund Basic Res Program, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US EPA, Off Solid Waste & Emergency Response, US EPA,. Reg VIII Off, USA Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Elect Power Res Inst DE hazard assessment; Japanese medaka; hepatocellular carcinogens; diethylnitrosamine; trichloroethylene; environmental hazards; initiation promotion; chemical mixtures ID ALTERED HEPATIC FOCI; ORYZIAS-LATIPES; DIETHYLNITROSAMINE; LIVER; MEDAKA; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; CARCINOGENICITY; GENOTOXICITY; CHEMICALS; INDUCTION AB Trichloroethylene (TCE) was found as a contaminant in the well supplying water to an aquatic testing laboratory The groundwater was routinely screened by a commercial laboratory for volatile and semivolatile compounds, metals, herbicides, pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency methods. Although TCE was the only reportable peak on the gas chromatograph, with average concentrations of 0.200 mg/l, other small peaks were also present, indicating the possibility that the contamination was not limited to TCE alone. A chronic 6-month carcinogenicity assay was conducted on-sire in a biomonitoring trailer, using the Japanese medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) in an initiation-promotion protocol, with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) as the initiator and the TCE-contaminated groundwater as a promoter. Study results indicated no evidence of carcinogenic potential of the groundwater without initiation, There was, however, a tumor-promotional effect of the groundwater after DEN initiation. A follow-up laboratory study was conducted using reagent grade TCE added to carbon-filtered groundwater to simulate TCE concentrations comparable to those found in the contaminated groundwater. Study results indicated no promotional effects of TCE. These studies emphasize the necessity for on-site bioassays to assess potential environmental hazards. in this instance, chemical analysis of the groundwater identified TCE as the only reportable contaminant, but other compounds present below reportable limits were noted and may have had a synergistic effect on tumor promotion observed with the groundwater exposure. Laboratory toxicity testing of single compounds can produce toxicity data specific to that compound for that species but cannot take into account the possible toxic effects of mixtures of compounds. C1 USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Detrick, MD USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA. Expt Pathol Labs, Herndon, VA USA. RP Gardner, HS (reprint author), USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, 568 Doughten Dr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM henry_s_gardner@ftdetrck-ccmail.army.mil NR 45 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 106 SU 6 BP 1299 EP 1305 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 156NT UT WOS:000078008100007 PM 9860885 ER PT J AU Levendis, YA Atal, A Carlson, JB AF Levendis, YA Atal, A Carlson, JB TI On the correlation of CO and PAH emissions from the combustion of pulverized coal and waste tires SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM-MAGNESIUM ACETATE; PARTICLES; CRUMB; RATIO AB Results are presented on the correlation of the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from the combustion of pulverized bituminous coal and tire-derived fuel, The particle size cuts of coal and tire crumb were 63-75 and 180-212 mu m, respectively. Combustion experiments were conducted in laboratory-scale facilities under controlled conditions. The relation between CO and PAH species in the combustion effluent was investigated at drop-tube furnace gas temperatures, in the range of 1000-1300 degrees C, and several fuel mass loadings in the furnace, expressed in terms of bulk equivalence ratios in the range of 0.7-2.4. Up to 60 two-seven ring PAH compounds were detected by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. Results showed that both CO and PAH emission yields increased with increasing bulk equivalence ratio (in the aforementioned range) at a fixed gas temperature. The CO and especially the PAH yields from tire-derived fuel were much higher than those from coal, but the relative amounts of individual PAH components were remarkably similar in the combustion effluent of the two fuels. At fixed bulk equivalence ratios, however, as the furnace gas temperature increased the PAH yields from both fuels decreased drastically, while the CO yields increased. At the highest temperature tested herein (1300 degrees C), the effluent of the combustion of both fuels was practically devoid of PAHs [at a detection limit of 0.7 mu g of a PAH component/g of fuel burnt]. Reasons for the observed increase in CO with temperature are discussed. CO2 and NO(x )emission yields were also monitored, and the results are reported herein. C1 Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech Mat & Mfg Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Levendis, YA (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech Mat & Mfg Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM yal@artemis.coe.neu.edu NR 32 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 23 BP 3767 EP 3777 DI 10.1021/es980399f PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 143XH UT WOS:000077282500037 ER PT J AU Stern, EA Donato, K Jones, KW Clesceri, NL AF Stern, EA Donato, K Jones, KW Clesceri, NL TI Processing contaminated dredged material from the Port of New York New Jersey SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article AB Shipping activities in the Port of New York-New Jersey are currently threatened by restrictions on dredging of navigational channels and private berthing areas because of concerns about the environmental effects caused by ocean disposal of the dredged material. Current proposals for solutions to the problem include ocean disposal of uncontaminated material, use of confined disposal facilities (both upland facilities and containment islands), subaqueous borrow pits, and processing and treatment for contaminated materials. A project to produce a complete "treatment train" for processing and decontaminating dredged material is described. The work is divided into several phases: treatability studies of commercial and nonproprietary technologies at volumes of 19 liters (bench scale) and up to 19 m(3) (pilot scale); specification of a treatment train; and implementation of a large-scale facility that can process 76,000-382,000 m(3) of dredged material per year. The goal is to achieve operational status for the facility by the end of 1999. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. US EPA, Div Environm Planning & Protect, Placed Based Protect Branch, New York, NY 10007 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, NY Dist Corps Engineers, N Atlantic Div,Planning Div,Environm Sect, New York, NY 10278 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Environm & Energy Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Jones, KW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Bldg 901A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kwj@bnl.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD DEC PY 1998 VL 21 IS 4A BP 646 EP 651 DI 10.2307/1353302 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 169KD UT WOS:000078746200014 ER PT J AU Pandolf, KB Young, AJ Sawka, MN Kenney, JL Sharp, MW Cote, RR Freund, BJ Valeri, CR AF Pandolf, KB Young, AJ Sawka, MN Kenney, JL Sharp, MW Cote, RR Freund, BJ Valeri, CR TI Does erythrocyte infusion improve 3.2-km run performance at high altitude? SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blood doping; endurance exercise; heart rate; hypoxia; perceived exertion ID EXERCISE-HEAT STRESS; SIMULATED ALTITUDE; BLOOD-VOLUME; SEA-LEVEL; WORK CAPACITY; NORMAL HUMANS; POLYCYTHEMIA; THERMOREGULATION AB The effects of autologous erythrocyte infusion on improving exercise performance at high altitude have not previously been studied. The effects of erythrocyte infusion on 3.2-km (2-mile) run performance were evaluated during 3 days (HA3) and 14 days (HA14) exposure to high altitude (4300 m) in erythrocyte-infused (ER) and control (CON) subjects that were initially matched (P > 0.05; n = 8 in each group) for age, body size and aerobic fitness. After sea-level runs (SL; 50m), unacclimated-male subjects received either 700 mi of saline and autologous erythrocytes (42% hematocrit; ER) or saline alone (CON). The 3.2-km run times (min:s) did not differ (P > 0.05) between groups at SL [mean (SEM) ER, 13:14 (00:19); CON, 13:39 (00:32)] or during HA3 [ER, 19:02 (00:18); CON, 19:44 (00:43)] and HA14 [ER, 17:44 (00:27); CON, 18:45 (00:55)] but times were slower (P < 0.05) when comparing HA3 or HA14 to SL. Heart rates (HR) did not differ between groups at SL [ER, 188 (3) beats min(-1); CON, 191 (3) beats.min(-1)], or during HA3 [ER, 170 (4)beats.min(-1); CON, 178 (4)beats.min(-1)] and HA14 [ER, 162 (6) beats min CON, 169 (5) beats.min(-1)] but HR were lower (P < 0.05) when comparing HA3 or HA14 to SL. Ratings of perceived exertion (local, central, and overall ratings) did not differ between groups at SL, HA3 or HA14, but local ratings were higher(P < 0.05) at HA3 and HA14 compared to SL, and overall ratings were higher for HA3 than SL. Analysis of covariance (adjusted fbr SL group run times) revealed (min:s) 00:14 (HA3) and 00:28 (HA14) mean improvement tendencies (P > 0.05) for ER compared to CON. Thus, no significant improvements in 3.2-km run performance were associated with erythrocyte infusion, although the ER group showed a tendency to run slightly faster at high altitude. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Naval Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Pandolf, KB (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0301-5548 J9 EUR J APPL PHYSIOL O JI Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 79 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1007/s004210050465 PG 6 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 145DC UT WOS:000077354900001 PM 10052653 ER PT J AU Albert, DG AF Albert, DG TI Theoretical modeling of seismic noise propagation in firn at the South Pole, Antarctica SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The problem of interfering noise (produced by ground vehicles) on teleseismic arrivals recorded by Global Seismic Network sensors at South Pore Station is addressed. Using the wavenumber integration method, theoretically calculated seismograms show that installing the GSN sensors in a borehole 200 to 300 m deep, 10 km away from the Station, will significantly reduce the vehicle-generated noise and improve signal quality. Because the intrinsic attenuation of seismic waves propagating in the polar firn is low, most of the predicted noise reduction results from wavefront spreading, Rayleigh wave amplitude decay with depth, and from placing the sensors below the refractive waveguide that traps much of the seismic energy in the near surface layers. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Geophys Sci Div, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Albert, DG (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Geophys Sci Div, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1998 VL 25 IS 23 BP 4257 EP 4260 DI 10.1029/1998GL900155 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 143XG UT WOS:000077282400004 ER PT J AU Parker, LV Ranney, TA AF Parker, LV Ranney, TA TI Sampling trace-level organic solutes with polymeric tubing Part 2. Dynamic studies SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article AB This is the second part of a study conducted to determine whether polymeric sampling tubing can affect organic analyte concentrations during a sampling event. In this part of the study, we looked for sorption and desorption of trichloroethylene (TCE) and leaching of organic constituents in water pumped through five types of polymeric tubing. The materials tested were a rigid fluoropolymer, a flexible fluoropolymer, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and two plasticized polypropylene tubings. The effects of tubing length and flow rate were examined. The least sorptive tubings, both initially and at equilibrium, were the fluoropolymers. However, in some instances the LDPE tubing had little effect on TCE concentrations. This was when a slow flow rate was used to sample relatively shallow wells (50 feet [15 m] or less) or when a faster flow rate (1 L/min) was used to sample wells that are less than 500 feet (152 m). Further testing is recommended using more sorptive analytes. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we were unable to detect any constituents leaching from any of the tubings used in these studies, even when a slow flow rate was used. However, desorption of Sorbed analytes is a concern for all the tubings tested, including the rigid fluoropolymer. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Parker, LV (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 18 IS 1 BP 148 EP 155 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.1998.tb00611.x PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA YZ586 UT WOS:000072268900014 ER PT J AU Dougherty, JM AF Dougherty, JM TI Champions of charity: War and the rise of the Red Cross. SO HISTORIAN LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Dougherty, JM (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHI ALPHA THETA PI ALLENTOWN PA THE HISTORIAN 50 COLLEGE DR, ALLENTOWN, PA 18104-6100 USA SN 0018-2370 J9 HISTORIAN JI Historian PD WIN PY 1998 VL 60 IS 2 BP 389 EP 390 PG 2 WC History SC History GA YY650 UT WOS:000072169800028 ER PT J AU Yao, LP Li, XX Yu, PY Xu, J Asico, LD Jose, PA AF Yao, LP Li, XX Yu, PY Xu, J Asico, LD Jose, PA TI Dopamine D-1 receptor and protein kinase C isoforms in spontaneously hypertensive rats SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE receptors, dopamine; kidney tubules, proximal; renal medulla; protein kinase C ID RENAL PROXIMAL TUBULES; DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION; ANGIOTENSIN-II; CELLS AB Dopamine, via D-1-like receptors, stimulates the activity of both protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC), which results in inhibition of renal sodium transport. Since D-1-like receptors differentially regulate sodium transport in normotensive and hypertensive rats, they may also differentially regulate PKC expression in these rat strains. Thus, 2 different D-1-like agonists (fenoldopam or SKF 38393) were infused into the renal artery of anesthetized normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (n=5 to 6/drug/strain). Ten or 60 minutes after starting the D-1-like agonist infusion, both the infused kidney and the noninfused kidney that served as control were prepared for analysis. The D-1-like agonists produced a greater diuresis and natriuresis and inhibited Na+,K+-ATPase activity in proximal tubule (PT) and medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL) to a greater extent in WKY (Delta 20+/-1%) than in SHR (Delta 7+/-1%, P<0.001). D-1-like agonists had no effect on PKC-alpha or PKC-lambda expression in either membrane or cytosol but increased PKC-theta expression in PT in both WKY and SHR at 10 minutes but not at 60 minutes. However, membranous PKC-delta expression in PT and mTAL decreased in WKY but increased in SHR with either 10 or 60 minutes of D-1-like agonist infusion. D-1-like agonists also decreased membranous PKC-zeta expression in PT and mTAL in WKY but increased it in PT but not in mTAL in SHR. We conclude that there is differential regulation of PKC isoform expression by D-1-like agonists that inhibits membranous PKC-delta and PKC-zeta in WKY but stimulates them in SHR; this effect in SHR is similar to the stimulatory effect of norepinephrine and angiotensin Ii and may be a mechanism for their differential effects on sodium transport. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr 2PHC, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Jose, PA (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr 2PHC, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL23081]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK39308, DK52612] NR 26 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0194-911X J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD DEC PY 1998 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1049 EP 1053 PG 5 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 148YN UT WOS:000077562300017 PM 9856972 ER PT J AU Dowling, JP AF Dowling, JP TI Parity, time-reversal and group delay for inhomogeneous dielectric slabs: Application to pulse propagation in finite, one-dimensional, photonic bandgap structures SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-OPTOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE dielectric structures; electromagnetic pulse propagation ID PHASE-CONJUGATE MIRROR; REFLECTION; EDGE; GAP AB The author considers the symmetries associated with the group-velocity delay of pulse transmission and reflection in a one-dimensionally inhomogeneous, planar, dielectric structure. From the principles of energy and parity conservation - as well as time-reversal symmetry - he derives the generalised Stokes reciprocity relations for such a slab. From these relations, he obtains very general equations relating the group delays and phases of the transmitted and reflected pulses. These results have important applications to pulse propagation through one-dimensional photonic bandgap structures. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, MIssile Res Dev & Engn Ctr,AMSAM,RD,WS,ST, Weap Sci Directorate,Sci & Tech Off Optimal Sci, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Dowling, JP (reprint author), NASA, Jet Propuls Lab, Quantum Informat Project, Sect 395, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jonathan.p.dowling@jpl.nasa.gov RI DOWLING, JONATHAN/L-2749-2013 NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2433 J9 IEE P-OPTOELECTRON JI IEE Proc.-Optoelectron. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 145 IS 6 BP 420 EP 435 DI 10.1049/ip-opt:19982473 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 184HE UT WOS:000079604600020 ER PT J AU Gelmont, BL Woolard, DL Hesler, JL Crowe, TW AF Gelmont, BL Woolard, DL Hesler, JL Crowe, TW TI A degenerately-doped GaAs Schottky diode model applicable for terahertz frequency regime operation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE device simulation; Schottky diode; transport ID LOW-NOISE; ELECTRON AB This paper investigates the physics and operation of GaAs Schottky diodes within the terahertz frequency regime, Specifically, electron scattering and transport models are developed for the degenerately doped conditions necessary for very-high-frequency diode operation. This study incorporates the physical effects of electron-electron scattering and degenerate electron statistics into the scattering models for ionized impurities and polar optical phonons, These derivations are then used to arrive at analytical mobility models for transport in degenerate GaAs bulk regions. This work also derives improved expressions for thermionic and field emission within degenerate Schottky barrier structures. These emission models are then combined with a momentum-balance description of electron transport in the bulk region to model the dynamic operation of the diode, Numerical simulation results are presented to illustrate the roles played by thermal emission over the barrier and field (tunneling) emission through the barrier on diode operation at terahertz frequencies. These results clearly demonstrate the strong influence that doping has on the emission currents within heavily doped Schottky diodes. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Elect Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. USA, Res Lab, RF & Elect Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gelmont, BL (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Elect Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM gb7k@virginia.edu NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD DEC PY 1998 VL 45 IS 12 BP 2521 EP 2527 DI 10.1109/16.735730 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 142BU UT WOS:000077180700017 ER PT J AU Curtis, J Narayanan, R AF Curtis, J Narayanan, R TI Effects of laboratory procedures on soil electrical property measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE dielectric measurements; scattering parameter measurements; soil measurements ID MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR; WET SOIL; MODELS AB Laboratory measurements of electrical properties of soils were conducted using coaxial, waveguide, and free-space techniques. Results demonstrate that sample preparation can be a significant factor, and that extrapolation of data collected over a limited frequency range should be undertaken cautiously. The importance of both volumetric moisture and soil density in determining soil electrical properties is discussed. Further research is indicated to ascertain the mechanisms relating soil density and its electromagnetic response. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Sensing Branch, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Curtis, J (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Sensing Branch, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1474 EP 1480 DI 10.1109/19.746715 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 167NU UT WOS:000078640800012 ER PT J AU Lindler, LE Plano, GV Burland, V Mayhew, GF Blattner, FR AF Lindler, LE Plano, GV Burland, V Mayhew, GF Blattner, FR TI Complete DNA sequence and detailed analysis of the Yersinia pestis KIM5 plasmid encoding murine toxin and capsular antigen SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Review ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI GENOME; P1 PLASMID; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; ACTINOBACILLUS-PLEUROPNEUMONIAE; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASES; VIRULENCE PLASMID; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; BINDING PROTEINS; PARTITION SITE AB Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, harbors at least three plasmids necessary for full virulence of the organism, two of which are species specific, One of the Y. pestis-specific plasmids, pMT1, is thought to promote deep tissue invasion, resulting in more acute onset of symptoms and death. We determined the entire nucleotide sequence of Y. pestis KIM5 pMT1 and identified potential open reading frames (ORFs) encoded by the 100,990-bp molecule, Based on codon usage for known yersinial genes, homology with known proteins in the databases, and potential ribosome binding sites,,ve determined that 115 of the potential ORFs which we considered could encode polypeptides in Y. pestis, Five of these ORFs were genes previously identified as being necessary for production of the classic virulence factors, murine toxin (MT), and the fraction 1 (F1) capsule antigen. The regions of pMT1 encoding MT and F1 were surrounded by remnants of multiple transposition events and bacteriophage, respectively, suggesting horizontal gene transfer of these virulence factors, We identified seven new potential virulence factors that might interact with the mammalian host or flea vector. Forty-three of the remaining 115 putative ORFs did not display any significant homology with proteins in the current databases. Furthermore, DNA sequence analysis allowed the determination of the putative replication and partitioning regions of pMT1, We identified a single 2,450-bp region within pMT1 that could function as the origin of replication, including a RepA-like protein similar to RepFIB, RepHI1B, and P1 and P7 replicons. Plasmid partitioning function was located ca. 36 kb from the putative origin of replication and was most similar to the parABS bacteriophage P1 and P7 system. Y. pestis pMT1 encoded potential genes with a high degree of similarity to a wide variety of organisms, plasmids, and bacteriophage. Accordingly, our analysis of the pMT1 DNA sequence emphasized the mosaic nature of this large bacterial virulence plasmid and provided implications as to its evolution. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Miami, FL 33176 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Genet, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lindler, LE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Bldg 40,Room 2105, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Dr._Luther_Lindler@wrsmtp-ccmail.army.mil RI Mayhew, George/B-4042-2016 OI Mayhew, George/0000-0003-0609-6018 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [P01 HG10428] NR 101 TC 86 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 66 IS 12 BP 5731 EP 5742 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 142BG UT WOS:000077179600018 PM 9826348 ER PT J AU Murray, CK Hospenthal, DR Grimberg, BT Gasser, RA AF Murray, CK Hospenthal, DR Grimberg, BT Gasser, RA TI Gemella morbillorum brain abscess presenting as acute meningitis SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID TRICUSPID-VALVE ENDOCARDITIS; STREPTOCOCCUS-MORBILLORUM; VIRIDANS STREPTOCOCCI; INFECTION; SURGERY; COLON; SHOCK C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIH, Clin Invest Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Murray, CK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Grimberg, Brian/I-1251-2013 OI Grimberg, Brian/0000-0002-6015-4912 NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1056-9103 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN PRAC JI Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 7 IS 9 BP 477 EP 480 DI 10.1097/00019048-199812000-00010 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 144TH UT WOS:000077330800011 ER PT J AU Maier, RS Kroll, DM Davis, HT Bernard, RS AF Maier, RS Kroll, DM Davis, HT Bernard, RS TI Pore-scale flow and dispersion SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on the Discrete Simulation of Fluids CY JUL 14-18, 1998 CL UNIV OXFORD, OXFORD, ENGLAND HO UNIV OXFORD ID LATTICE-BOLTZMANN METHOD; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; SIMULATION AB Pore-scale simulations of fluid flow and mass transport offer a direct means to reproduce and verify laboratory measurements in porous media We have compared lattice-Boltzmann (LB) flow simulations with the results of NMR spectroscopy from several published flow experiments. Although there is qualitative agreement, the differences highlight numerical and experimental issues, including the rate of spatial convergence, and the effect of signal attenuation near solid surfaces. For the range of Reynolds numbers relevant to groundwater investigations, the normalized distribution of fluid velocities in random sphere packings collapse onto a single curve, when scaled with the mean velocity. Random-walk particle simulations in the LB flow fields have also been performed to study the dispersion of an ideal tracer. These simulations show an encouraging degree of quantitative agreement with published NMR measurements of hydrodynamic and molecular dispersion, and the simulated dispersivities scale in accordance with published experimental and theoretical results for the Peclet number range 1 less than or equal to Pe less than or equal to 1500. Experience with the random-walk method indicates that the mean properties of conservative transport, such as the first and second moments of the particle displacement distribution, can be estimated with a number of particles comparable to the spatial discretization of the velocity field. However, the accurate approximation of local concentrations, at a resolution comparable to that of the velocity field, requires significantly more particles. This requirement presents a significant computational burden and hence a numerical challenge to the simulation of non-conservative transport processes. C1 USA, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Med Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Maier, RS (reprint author), USA, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, 1100 Washington Ave S, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0129-1831 J9 INT J MOD PHYS C JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. C PD DEC PY 1998 VL 9 IS 8 BP 1523 EP 1533 DI 10.1142/S0129183198001370 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 199BL UT WOS:000080459500035 ER PT J AU Carpenter, MT Hugler, R Enzenauer, RJ Des Rosier, KF Kirk, JM Brehm, WT AF Carpenter, MT Hugler, R Enzenauer, RJ Des Rosier, KF Kirk, JM Brehm, WT TI Physical and sexual abuse in female patients with fibromyalgia SO JCR-JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE physical abuse; sexual abuse; fibromyalgia ID WOMEN; HEALTH; INPATIENTS; PREVALENCE; DISORDERS; VIOLENCE; HISTORY; LIFE AB Sexual and physical abuse during childhood seem to be common. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of sexual and physical abuse reported by female fibromyalgia (FM) patients in a referral-based rheumatology practice, and whether patients with FM report greater frequencies of abuse than do patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients from two tertiary care centers, 205 with FM and 84 with RA, were mailed a self-administered questionnaire requesting information about demographics, mental health care use, and history of sexual and/or physical abuse. There were responses from 105 FM and 44 RA patients. A history of sexual or physical abuse was reported by 54% of the sample. Any type of abuse was significantly more prevalent among patients with FM (62%) compared with those with RA (34%, p = 0.02). FM patients had a significantly increased prevalence of both sexual abuse (51% vs. 32%, p = 0.028) and physical abuse (39 vs. 16%, p = 0.006) compared with RA patients. FM patients were more likely than RA patients to report a history of multiple sexual abusers, increased duration of sexual abuse, and more violent physical abuse. Irritable bowel syndrome was more common in FM (44%) than RA patients (9%, p < 0.001), and 57% of FM patients had seen a mental health professional compared with 30% of RA patients (p = 0.002). These data suggest that sexual or physical abuse is a frequently reported experience in FM patients. An inquiry about sexual or physical abuse should be considered in female patients with FM. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether psychological treatment of sexually abused FM patients will decrease symptoms and healthcare use. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Fitzsimons Army Med Ctr, Rheumatol Serv, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. USA, Psychiat Serv, White Sands Missile Rang, NM USA. 81st Med Grp, Clin Res Lab, Keesler AFB, MS USA. RP Carpenter, MT (reprint author), SGOM, MDOS 81, 301 Fisher St,Room 1A132, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-1608 J9 JCR-J CLIN RHEUMATOL JI JCR-J. Clin. Rheumatol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 4 IS 6 BP 301 EP 306 DI 10.1097/00124743-199812000-00002 PG 6 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 151LN UT WOS:000077721700002 PM 19078326 ER PT J AU Weil, CM Geyer, RG Sengupta, L AF Weil, CM Geyer, RG Sengupta, L TI Microwave dielectric characterization of bulk ferroelectrics SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd European Meeting on Integrated Ferroelectrics (EMIF2) CY SEP 28-30, 1997 CL JOUY EN JOSAS, FRANCE SP Siemens, Thomson-CSF AB We discuss the application of existing RF measurement techniques, including waveguide and mode-filtered cavity resonator methods, to the dielectric characterization of bulk high-permittivity ferroelectrics at microwave frequencies. Complex permittivity data are presented for barium titanate and a composite of barium strontium titanate (BSTO) and nonferroelectric oxide at X-band (8-11 GHz) frequencies and at 24 degrees C temperature. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed in detail. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Weil, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD DEC PY 1998 VL 8 IS P9 BP 113 EP 116 DI 10.1051/jp4:1998919 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 158LZ UT WOS:000078118100020 ER PT J AU Martin, MP Carrington, M Dean, M O'Brien, SJ Sheppard, HW Wegner, SA Michael, NL AF Martin, MP Carrington, M Dean, M O'Brien, SJ Sheppard, HW Wegner, SA Michael, NL TI CXCR4 polymorphisms and HIV-1 pathogenesis SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 NCI, Lab Genome Divers, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. RP Martin, MP (reprint author), NCI, Lab Genome Divers, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. OI Dean, Michael/0000-0003-2234-0631 NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD DEC 1 PY 1998 VL 19 IS 4 BP 430 EP 430 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 140CZ UT WOS:000077070300017 PM 9833755 ER PT J AU Phipatanakul, W Kesavanathan, J Eggleston, PA Johnson, EF Wood, RA AF Phipatanakul, W Kesavanathan, J Eggleston, PA Johnson, EF Wood, RA TI The value of acoustic rhinometry in assessing nasal responses to cat exposure SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acoustic rhinometry; cat challenge; cat allergen ID INHALATION CHALLENGE; RHINOMANOMETRY; RHINITIS; ANTIGEN AB Background: Acoustic rhinometry (AR) uses sonar principles to map the anatomy of the nasal cavity and has been used in other studies to assess acute airway responses to allergen exposure. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of AR in assessing acute airway responses to cat allergen exposure by using a well-characterized cat exposure model. Methods: Thirty subjects with a history of cat-induced rhinitis and a positive skin prick test response to cat allergen underwent an environmental cat challenge, Of these 30 subjects, 10 also had repeat challenges at lower levels of antigen to determine whether there was a dose response. Five subjects with negative skin test responses to cat were recruited as control subjects, During the 1-hour cat exposure, upper and lower respiratory symptoms were scored every 5 minutes, and spirometry and AR were obtained every 15 minutes. Results: Although 29 of 30 subjects had changes in AR measurements, no correlations were detected between upper respiratory symptom scores and any of the changes observed in AR. In comparing the baseline challenges with lower antigen level challenges, upper respiratory symptom scores differed significantly (P = .002), whereas AR responses were nearly identical. Subjects without cat allergy did exhibit less response by AR (P = .05 to .13), but the greatest differences remained in the upper respiratory symptoms scores (P < .0001). Conclusion: We conclude that although AR does provide an objective measure of nasal response to allergen exposure, it has significant limitations. These are evidenced by the lack of correlation with symptoms, the inability to measure a dose response, and the changes noted even among the control subjects. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Allergy & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USA, ERDEC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Wood, RA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Hosp, CMSC 1102,600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI07007] NR 15 TC 20 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 102 IS 6 BP 896 EP 901 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(98)70325-2 PN 1 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 150XE UT WOS:000077690700004 PM 9847428 ER PT J AU Ishihara, S Ward, JA Tasaki, O Pruitt, BA Goodwin, CW Mozingo, DW Cioffi, WG AF Ishihara, S Ward, JA Tasaki, O Pruitt, BA Goodwin, CW Mozingo, DW Cioffi, WG TI Inhaled nitric oxide prevents left ventricular impairment during endotoxemia SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE left ventricular function; cardiac contractility; nitric oxide inhalation; endotoxin; hemodynamics ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS SYNDROME; SMOKE-INHALATION INJURY; PULMONARY-HYPERTENSION; SYNTHASE INHIBITION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; SEPTIC SHOCK; SWINE MODEL; CONTRACTILITY; DEPRESSION; DISEASE AB We evaluated the effect of longterm inhalation of nitric oxide (NO) on cardiac contractility after endotoxemia by using the end-systolic elastance of the left ventricle (LV) as a load-independent contractility index. Chronic instrumentation in 12 pigs included implantation of two pairs of endocardial dimension transducers to measure LV volume and a micromanometer to measure LV pressure. One week later, the animals were divided into a control group (n = 6) or a NO group (n = 6). All animals received intravenous Escherichia coli endotoxin (10 mu g.kg(-1).h(-1)) and equivalent lactated Ringer solution. NO inhalation (20 parts/million) was begun 30 min after the initiation of endotoxemia and was continued for 24 h. In both groups, tachycardia, pulmonary hypertension, and systemic hyperdynamic changes were noted. The end-systolic elastance in the control group was significantly decreased beyond 7 h. NO inhalation maintained the end-systolic elastance at baseline levels and prevented its impairment. These findings indicate that NO exerts a protective effect on LV contractility in this model of endotoxemia. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Library Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Surg, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Rhode Isl Hosp, Dept Surg, Providence, RI 02903 USA. RP Ishihara, S (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Library Branch, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 85 IS 6 BP 2018 EP 2024 PG 7 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 145WZ UT WOS:000077396500004 PM 9843521 ER PT J AU Guo, Y Wilson, AK Chabalowski, CF Thompson, DL AF Guo, Y Wilson, AK Chabalowski, CF Thompson, DL TI A semiclassical study of tunneling effects in aziridine SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; BASIS-SETS; INVERSION; MALONALDEHYDE; MODEL AB The tunneling effects in the molecular inversion of aziridine are investigated. A full-dimensional potential was constructed based on nb initio results and used to study the effect of vibrational excitations on tunneling. Using the semiclassical approach that incorporates tunneling into classical trajectory calculations, it is found that excitations of all the modes except the reaction coordinate have negligible effects on tunneling. This allows accurate thermal rate calculations carried out by using a one-dimensional model. (This is in accord with the conclusions of the work by Rom er nl. [Chem. Phys. Lett. 204, 175 (1993)] and by Smedarchina er al. [J. Chem. Phys. 102, 7024 (1995)].) A one-dimensional Weutzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) formula was employed to obtain the level splitting and was found to be very accurate based on comparisons with the quantum results. Furthermore, the calculated thermal rates are in good agreement with the experimentally measured values. The results provide insight into the reaction mechanism and explanations for the experimental findings of non-Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) behavior and incoherent tunneling. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(98)02045-5]. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRK WM PC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Guo, Y (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 21 BP 9258 EP 9262 DI 10.1063/1.477585 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 141MN UT WOS:000077147900006 ER PT J AU Chaicumpa, W Srimanote, P Sakolvaree, Y Kalampaheti, T Chongsa-Nguan, M Tapchaisri, P Eampokalap, B Moolasart, P Nair, GB Echeverria, P AF Chaicumpa, W Srimanote, P Sakolvaree, Y Kalampaheti, T Chongsa-Nguan, M Tapchaisri, P Eampokalap, B Moolasart, P Nair, GB Echeverria, P TI Rapid diagnosis of cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae O139 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; SYNONYM BENGAL; STOOL SAMPLES; BANGLADESH; EPIDEMIC; POLYSACCHARIDE; STRAIN AB Hybridomas secreting specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 were produced. Sis monoclones (hybridomas) secreting MAbs specific only to lipopolysaccharide of V. cholerae O139 strains and which did not cross-react to 137 strains of other enteric microorganisms were obtained. These clones were designated 12F5-G11, 12F5-G2, 15F5-H5, 5B9-F8, 14C9-D2, and 6D2-D8, The immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain isotypes secreted by these clones were 1gG2b, IgG2b, IgG2b, IgM, IgG2b, and IgG3, respectively. Clone 12F5-G11 was selected for mass production of MAb, which was used as a detection reagent in the antigen detection assay for diagnosis of cholera caused by V. cholerae O139, and this assay was compared to the conventional bacterial isolation method. Five batches of rectal swab cultures in alkaline-peptone water were collected from 6,497 patients with watery diarrhea. These were 6,310 patients admitted to Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Hospital, 16 patients from Krung Thon Hospital, 78 patients from Bangkok Children's Hospital, 19 patients from Karen refugee camps, and 74 Indian patients from the National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Calcutta, India. The V. cholerae O139 isolations from the rectal swab cultures and the antigen detection assays (i.e., the MAb based dot-blot ELISA) were performed by different persons of different laboratories, and the results were revealed after all specimens had been tested. Of the 6,497 samples tested, the dot-blot ELISA correctly identified 42 of 42 V. cholerae O139-positive samples and gave a result of positive for three samples which were culture negative for V. cholerae O139, The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and efficacy of the dot-blot ELISA were 100, 99.95, and 99.26%, respectively, The ELISA is easy to perform and relatively inexpensive, It can test multiple samples at a single time, does not require special equipment, and does not produce great quantities of contaminated waste. Most of all, it reduces the diagnostic time from at least 2 days for the bacterial isolation to less than 90 min. The assay is recommended as a rapid screening test of cholera cases caused by V. cholerae O139. C1 Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis, Kolkata, W Bengal, India. RP Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 420-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. EM tmwcc@mahidol.ac.th NR 19 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 36 IS 12 BP 3595 EP 3600 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 140CP UT WOS:000077069400028 PM 9817879 ER PT J AU Cuzzubbo, AJ Vaughn, DW Nisalak, A Suntayakorn, S Aaskov, J Devine, PL AF Cuzzubbo, AJ Vaughn, DW Nisalak, A Suntayakorn, S Aaskov, J Devine, PL TI Detection of specific antibodies in saliva during Dengue infection SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MEASLES; RUBELLA; VIRUS AB Saliva was collected prospectively from patients presenting with suspected dengue infection 4 to 8 days after the onset of symptoms and assayed by a commercial dengue immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Ige capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (PanBio Dengue Duo ELISA), Laboratory diagnosis was based on virus isolation and on hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay and an in-house IgM and IgG capture ELISA. With a positive result defined as either salivary IgM or Ige levels above the cutoff value, an overall sensitivity of 92% was obtained for both primary- and secondary-dengue patients (22 of 24), while no patients with non-flavivirus infections (n = 11) and no healthy laboratory donors (n = 17) showed elevation of salivary antidengue antibody (100% specificity). Salivary IgG levels correlated well with serum HAI titer (r = 0.78), and salivary Ige levels could be used to distinguish between primary- and secondary-dengue virus infections. C1 PanBio Pty Ltd, Windsor, Qld 4030, Australia. Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Life Sci, Dept Immunol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Kamphaeng Phet Prov Hosp, Dept Pediat, Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. RP Devine, PL (reprint author), PanBio Pty Ltd, 116 Lutwyche Rd, Windsor, Qld 4030, Australia. EM peter_devine@panbio.com.au FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-34533, P01 AI034533] NR 23 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 36 IS 12 BP 3737 EP 3739 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 140CP UT WOS:000077069400062 PM 9817913 ER PT J AU Gorman, L Morang, A Larson, R AF Gorman, L Morang, A Larson, R TI Monitoring the coastal environment; Part IV: Mapping, shoreline changes, and bathymetric analysis SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE shoreline change; bathymetric mapping; grid models; triangular Irregular Network models; cartographic software; depth of closure; geospatial methods AB This paper presents an overview of field methods, data collection, and analysis procedures applied to four key coastal data sets used in monitoring and baseline studies: aerial photography, satellite imagery, profile surveys, and bathymetric (hydrographic) records. Often, aerial photographs and satellite images, after rectifying and georeferencing, serve as base maps to interpret landform changes and quantify shoreline movement. Large-scale topographic and hydrographic maps are the primary sources for shoreline position and volumetric change computations. Profile surveys, available from many Federal and local agencies and universities, can also be used to evaluate shoreline changes and compute beach volume changes along and across the shore. Frequently, post-processing steps are required to normalize these data to the same coordinate system and vertical datum prior to quantifying changes for a coastal area. For example, project-specific bathymetric data in the United States is often plotted using State Plane coordinates, while hydrographic data from NOAA is supplied with latitude/longitude coordinates. Maps, surveys, and aerial photographs are available from Federal agencies such as the USGS, NOAA, and the Corps of Engineers. These long-term data records can be used to evaluate natural and man-made changes to a coastal system. The resultant statistics and volumetric calculations should be presented in terms of the regional and local conditions, i.e., storm history, seasonality, wave climate, man-made environmental and engineering changes, and large-and small-scale landforms. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal Engn Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Geotech Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Gorman, L (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Informat Technol Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 84 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 14 IS 1 BP 61 EP 92 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA YT592 UT WOS:000071622500009 ER PT J AU Wang, P Kraus, NC Davis, RA AF Wang, P Kraus, NC Davis, RA TI Total longshore sediment transport rate in the surf zone: Field measurements and empirical predictions SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE longshore sediment transport; streamer trap; groins; sediment grain size ID SAND AB The total rate of longshore sediment transport was measured by streamer traps at 29 locations along the southeast coast of the United States and the Gulf Coast of Florida. The rate was also measured concurrently by traps and by short-term impoundment at Indian Rocks Beach, west-central Florida. Data on beach profiles, breaking wave conditions, and sediment properties were taken together with the transport rate. The measured total rates of longshore sediment transport were compared to predictions obtained with published empirical formulas, most of which have been calibrated mainly by sediment tracer measurements made on the (high-wave energy) Pacific coast. Transport rates measured in this study by the streamer sediment traps and the short-term impoundment along low-wave energy coasts were considerably lower than the rates predicted by empirical formulas. The empirical predictions appear to be unrealistically high for the low-wave energy settings investigated in this study. The linear relationship between wave energy flux factor and the total rate of longshore sediment transport contained in the commonly used CERC predictive formula is supported by the streamer trap measurements. However, a lower value of the empirical coefficient, 0.08 instead of the 0.78 recommended by the Shore Protection Manual, was determined by the trap data for low-energy coasts. The total rates of longshore sediment transport predicted by the KAMPHUIS (1991) formula which includes the influences of wave period, beach slope, and sediment grain size were about 3 times lower than the CERC predictions and closer to the measured values. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Coastal Res Lab, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 53 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 15 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 14 IS 1 BP 269 EP 282 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA YT592 UT WOS:000071622500021 ER PT J AU Baquerizo, A Losada, MA Smith, JM AF Baquerizo, A Losada, MA Smith, JM TI Wave reflection from beaches: A predictive model SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE wave propagation; wave reflection; beach morphodynamics; wave transformation model ID RANDOM BREAKING WAVES AB A model to predict reflection of random waves on a beach, including dissipation due to breaking, is presented. The evolution of the local reflection coefficient and the incident and total wave height is computed. Two initial conditions are needed; the incident H-rms and the reflection coefficient, R, far offshore. The expected value of the wave breaking dissipation is estimated following BATTJES and JANSSEN, (1978). The expected value of the reflected energy flux per unit area of beach profile is obtained hypothesizing that (1) wave reflection may be considered a linear process dependent only on the local profile geometry and wave period and (2) only the non-breaking waves contribute to the reflected flux of energy (BAQUERIZO, 1995). These results are compared with wave parameters measured during the SUPERTANK Project and with the reflection coefficient estimated by three different methods. Measured and computed data agree well for barred and non-barred beach profiles. It is shown that the local reflection coefficient evolves along the beach profile. An overall beach reflection coefficient should be defined only offshore of the depth where waves start to break and where the contribution to the wave reflection process is negligible. C1 Univ Cantabria, Ocean & Coastal Res Grp, Santander 39005, Spain. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Coastal Engn Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Baquerizo, A (reprint author), Univ Cantabria, Ocean & Coastal Res Grp, Santander 39005, Spain. RI Baquerizo, Asuncion/G-9767-2015 OI Baquerizo, Asuncion/0000-0002-3339-0653 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 14 IS 1 BP 291 EP 298 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA YT592 UT WOS:000071622500023 ER PT J AU Carter, D Sodhi, D Stander, E Caron, O Quach, T AF Carter, D Sodhi, D Stander, E Caron, O Quach, T TI Ice thrust in reservoirs SO JOURNAL OF COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB We undertook a three-year program to measure the magnitude of static ice forces in four reservoirs located in central and northern Quebec. These static forces may be generated by a temperature change or may arise from such other mechanisms as water level variations, wind, and current drag force. Field observations have revealed two important facts: (1) ice covers have circumferential cracks caused either by water level variations or thermal contraction, and (2) the static ice forces are, in some instances, sufficient to trigger an instability of the broken ice covers by buckling. Noting that an ice cover cannot transmit a force to a structure larger than its own resistance, we derive an upper bound for static forces by determining the in-plane compression force at which a fragmented ice cover collapses. Empirical formulas are presented for three typical structure shapes: retaining walls, sluice gates, and piers. These formulas correlate well with the field data collected from the four dam sites, and suggest that the maximum ice thrust may simply be defined as a function of ice thickness and contact geometry. C1 Carter Consultants, St Foy, PQ G1W 3E4, Canada. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Hydro Quebec, Montreal, PQ H2L 4M8, Canada. RP Carter, D (reprint author), Carter Consultants, 1281 Bishop, St Foy, PQ G1W 3E4, Canada. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0887-381X J9 J COLD REG ENG JI J. Cold Reg. Eng. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 BP 169 EP 183 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(1998)12:4(169) PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 143GK UT WOS:000077246700001 ER PT J AU Tuthill, AM Mamone, AC AF Tuthill, AM Mamone, AC TI Structural ice control alternatives for middle Mississippi River SO JOURNAL OF COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The middle Mississippi River, which extends from the mouth of the Missouri River near St. Louis to the confluence with the Ohio River at Cairo, Ill., is a critical navigation route throughout the year. During cold periods, the ice accumulations and ice jams that form on this reach can delay or suspend winter navigation, incurring great costs to industry as well as cities and towns whose economies depend on river commerce. Much of this ice originates in the Missouri River. With the onset of warmer air temperatures, the rapid release of these ice accumulations can result in substantial damage to;river structures such as dikes, revetments, and levees. This study analyzed historical data and used numerical hydraulic models to assess the possibility of structural solutions to these ice problems. The study identified reach locations where structural ice control might be possible. A simple computer model then simulated the upstream progression of ice covers on the middle Mississippi to assess the feasibility of various ice control alternatives. An ice retention structure located on the Missouri River near its mouth was found to be the most favorable of the structural ice control options considered. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Tuthill, AM (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0887-381X J9 J COLD REG ENG JI J. Cold Reg. Eng. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 BP 202 EP 220 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(1998)12:4(202) PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 143GK UT WOS:000077246700003 ER PT J AU Birk, A DeSpirito, J AF Birk, A DeSpirito, J TI The interaction of spinning liquid film with swirling gas in cylindrical vessel - Experiments and numerical simulations SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Experimental flow visualizations and numerical simulations of the interaction of a spinning liquid film with a swirling gas in a cylindrical vessel are reported A gas/liquid flow that simulates the high-pressure conditions of combustion was successfully visualized in a transparent test chamber. The test chamber was a mockup of a liquid propellant gun ignition system component called the hydrodynamically-stabilized combustor. Water-glycerol mixtures were used for the liquid, and ballistically compressed helium-nitrogen was used for the gas. The liquid is injected tangentially along the cylindrical test chamber wall where it spreads as a spinning film. The gas is then injected tangentially and interacts with the liquid. The flows were insensitive to the tilt angle of the test chamber and only mildly sensitive to the liquid viscosity. Liquid entrainment by the gas and subsequent atomization occurs promptly (within 2 ms) after the onset of gas injection, and the flow in the lest chamber vent passage is a swirling, transonic, two-phase flaw. Two types of three-dimensional simulations of the liquid and gas injection into the test chamber were performed using the CRAFT Navier-Stokes code. The first type was of the initial liquid flow only. The second type was of the high-pressure gas injection into the chamber, with the liquid initialized in an annulus around the chamber surface with a swirl velocity. The numerical simulations were successful in capturing the primary characteristics of the flow phenomena observed in the experimental flow visualizations. This included yielding the observed liquid flow patterns before gas injection and capturing the cellular structure observed after gas injection. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Birk, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 1998 VL 120 IS 4 BP 690 EP 697 DI 10.1115/1.2820725 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 151ZB UT WOS:000077749700010 ER PT J AU Bentley, WE Madurawe, RD Gill, RT Shiloach, M Chase, TE Pulliam-Holoman, TR Valdes, JJ AF Bentley, WE Madurawe, RD Gill, RT Shiloach, M Chase, TE Pulliam-Holoman, TR Valdes, JJ TI Generation of a histidine-tagged antibotulinum toxin antibody fragment in E-coli: Effects of post-induction temperature on yield and IMAC binding-affinity SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fab antibody expression; E-coli fermentation; immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC); proteases; botulinum toxin; temperature sensitivity ID CELL-DENSITY FERMENTATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EXPRESSION; PROTEASES; PROTEINS; MINIANTIBODIES; DEGRADATION; IMPROVE AB Recombinant E. coli clones expressing a 50-kDa poly-histidine tail tagged antibody fragment against botulinum toxin (bt-Fab) were initially screened for yield and binding affinity. One clone was selected for bioprocess development. The selected bt-fab Vector was induced by addition of IPTG and the protein was targeted to the periplasm by inclusion of a pelB leader sequence. A histidine, affinity ligand at the heavy chain C-terminus facilitated single-step purification by immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC). Notably, the effects of post-induction temperature on bt-fab expression and downstream purification were evaluated. Our results demonstrated that fermentation conditions interfered with purification on the IMAC column at 37 degrees C. Protease analysis by gelatin polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (GPAGE) indicated the presence of a membrane-bound similar to 39 kDa protease activity shortly after induction. The appearance of the protease activity was inversely correlated with the bt-fab yield. The protease was purified and was shown to degrade bt-fab. A simple kinetic model was developed describing temporal regulation of protease and bt-fab degradation. partially degraded bt-fab was unrecoverable by IMAC, presumably due to the loss of the His, affinity ligand. The amount of purified bt-fab obtained per liter of fermentation broth was typically similar to 1 mg. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Engn Res Ctr, Bioproc Scale Up Facil, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Engn Res Ctr, Agr Biotechnol Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Bentley, WE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 21 IS 6 BP 275 EP 282 DI 10.1038/sj.jim.2900577 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 174WG UT WOS:000079058900002 ER PT J AU Ludwig, SL Brundage, JF Kelley, PW Nang, R Towle, C Schnurr, DP Crawford-Miksza, L Gaydos, JC AF Ludwig, SL Brundage, JF Kelley, PW Nang, R Towle, C Schnurr, DP Crawford-Miksza, L Gaydos, JC TI Prevalence of antibodies to adenovirus serotypes 4 and 7 among unimmunized US Army trainees: Results of a retrospective nationwide seroprevalence survey SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Navy Occupational Health and Preventive Medicine Workshop CY FEB 07-14, 1997 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; LIVE TYPE-7; VACCINES; IMMUNIZATION; MILITARY; SAFETY AB The 1996 production halt of adenovirus types 4 and 7 vaccines prompted concerns about the resurgence of large respiratory disease outbreaks among US military basic trainees. This serosurvey was conducted to assess the current susceptibility of the trainee population to these viruses. A stratified, random sample (n = 303) of trainees' sera was tested using a quantitative colorimetric microneutralization assay to demonstrate antibody titers considered to provide immunologic protection against each adenovirus type. Results were analyzed for relationships between susceptibility and 4 demographic factors-gender, race, prior military service, and age, Results showed that 66% and 73% of trainees were susceptible to serotypes 4 and 7, respectively. Nearly 90% were susceptible to at least one serotype, Susceptibility was significantly (P <.05) related to lack of prior military service and younger age. Consistent with a serosurvey conducted 20 years ago, these results demonstrated significant susceptibility to two vaccine-preventable causes of disease. These findings may have civilian implications. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, AMSA, USACHPPM, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. RP Brundage, JF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, AMSA, USACHPPM, Bldg T-20,Room 213, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 15 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 178 IS 6 BP 1776 EP 1778 DI 10.1086/314498 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 147AU UT WOS:000077466700031 PM 9815232 ER PT J AU Mann, DL Garner, RP Dayhoff, DE Cao, K Fernandez-Vina, MA Davis, C Aronson, N Ruiz, N Birx, DL Michael, NL AF Mann, DL Garner, RP Dayhoff, DE Cao, K Fernandez-Vina, MA Davis, C Aronson, N Ruiz, N Birx, DL Michael, NL TI Major histocompatibility complex genotype is associated with disease progression and virus load levels in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected Caucasians and African Americans SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV-1 INFECTION; SEROCONVERSION; RESPONSES; PATTERNS; VIREMIA; EPITOPE; GENES AB To assess the influence of HLA on AIDS-free survival, human immunodeficiency virus load, and CD4 cell counts, 91 Caucasian and 48 African-American seroprevalent men were typed for HLA classes I and II and TAP alleles, HLA associations with these markers were assessed by assigning sum integer scores based on 7 class I allele-TAP variants (+1) and 13 class I-class II-TAP combinations (-1) with different AIDS-free survival times found in a prior study. Subjects in both racial groups and combined with positive sum scores were less likely to have CD4 cell decline (P =.0004), to have increased virus burden (P =.014), and to develop AIDS (P =.034) in the follow-up period than were Caucasians and African Americans with scores of 0 or - 1, These results confirm the reported associations of specific major histocompatibility complex genes with AIDS-free survival time in Caucasians and specifically extend them to African Americans and to two established markers of disease progression. C1 Univ Maryland, Med Syst, Dept Pathol, Div Immunogenet, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Amer Red Cross, Natl Histocompatibil Testing Lab, Baltimore, MD USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Mann, DL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Med Syst, Dept Pathol, Div Immunogenet, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RI Cao, Kai/I-4448-2013 NR 15 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 178 IS 6 BP 1799 EP 1802 DI 10.1086/314519 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 147AU UT WOS:000077466700037 PM 9815238 ER PT J AU Robbins, RG Karesh, WB Calle, PP Leontyeva, OA Pereshkolnik, SL Rosenberg, S AF Robbins, RG Karesh, WB Calle, PP Leontyeva, OA Pereshkolnik, SL Rosenberg, S TI First records of Hyalomma aegyptium (Acari : Ixodida : Ixodidae) from the Russian spur-thighed tortoise, Testudo graeca nikolskii, with an analysis of tick population dynamics SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB During the fall of 1995 and the spring of 1996, 77 statistically comparable tick collections, comprising 792 specimens, were made from adults of the Russian spur-thighed tortoise, Testudo graeca nikolskii, at 4 sites along Russia's Black Sea coast. These are the first tick collections reported from T. g. nikolskii since its recognition as a taxonomic entity. All ticks were determined to be Hyalomma (Hyalomma) aegyptium, a common tortoise parasite in southern Russia that in 1930 was erroneously designated the type of subgenus Hyalommasta. Male ticks were recovered from more tortoises (67) than were females (57) or immatures (14), and nymphs were seen only in the fall. Significantly more ticks parasitized male tortoises than females, perhaps because males of T. g. nikolskii have larger home ranges. However, no functional relationship was found between tortoise ventral surface area and degree of tick infestation. Like other tortoise ticks, H. aegyptium is expected to decline in concert with its increasingly threatened hosts. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Field Vet Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Geog, Biogeog Div, Moscow 119899, Russia. Moscow Zoo, Moscow 123242, Russia. RP Robbins, RG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1303 EP 1305 DI 10.2307/3284699 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 157XV UT WOS:000078087700050 PM 9920339 ER PT J AU Son, SC Gardner, FM Parker, MH Knoernschild, KL AF Son, SC Gardner, FM Parker, MH Knoernschild, KL TI An in vivo study of voluntary mandibular lateral translation concerning its existence, magnitude, and timing SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID PANTOGRAPH; ARTICULATOR; MOVEMENTS; SETTINGS AB Statement of problem. The existence of mandibular lateral translation and the approaches to its measurement and interpretation by using a pantograph are controversial. Purpose. This study evaluated the validity of using a pantograph to measure mandibular lateral translation and analyzed human pantographic tracings to determine whether they exhibited mandibular lateral translation. Material and methods. A pantograph was modified by adding 2 posterior horizontal recording tables and styli at the transverse horizontal axis. Pantographic tracings of 25 human subjects were compared with the corresponding theoretically determined values for tracings that exhibited only rotation with no translation. Differences in the tracings at 2 pantographic recording table locations, relative to the transverse horizontal axis, were also compared. Results. The character of the lateral component of 100 pantographic tracings all differed from the lateral component of theoretically determined values for pure rotation. In 64% of tracings, over 50% of the total mandibular lateral translation occurred by the first 1 mm of forward movement of the nonworking side condyle. In 94% of tracings, more than 50% of the translation had occurred in the first 3 mm of forward movement. For the pantographic system used, the amount of mandibular translation represented in the tracing was not changed by altering the posterior horizontal recording table position in the anterior-posterior direction, relative to the transverse horizontal axis. Conclusion. All subjects showed evidence of mandibular lateral translation. New definitions for timing of mandibular lateral translation are proposed. Of the tracings, 64% were classified as exhibiting early translation, 30% as intermediate, and 4% as late mandibular lateral translation. C1 Med Coll Georgia, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Rehabil, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. USA, Dent Act, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Dent, Chicago, IL USA. Med Coll Georgia, Sch Grad Studies, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. RP Gardner, FM (reprint author), Med Coll Georgia, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Rehabil, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 6 BP 672 EP 679 DI 10.1016/S0022-3913(98)70054-X PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 146NQ UT WOS:000077437500007 PM 9830072 ER PT J AU Furukawa, KK Niagro, FD Runyan, DA Cameron, SM Parker, MH Brousseau, JS Best, N AF Furukawa, KK Niagro, FD Runyan, DA Cameron, SM Parker, MH Brousseau, JS Best, N TI Effectiveness of chlorine dioxide in disinfection on two soft denture liners SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID INVITRO AB Statement of problem. Soft tissue denture liners frequently require replacement that necessitates complete removal from the denture base. A high speed lathe located in a "clean laboratory" is often used to facilitate removal of these materials, but it is unclear whether routine disinfection procedures reduce bacterial contamination sufficiently to prevent contamination of the laboratory. Purpose. The first phase of this study evaluated the effectiveness of 3-minute chlorine dioxide spray and immersion disinfection procedures on 2 denture liners (Coe Soft and Coe Comfort) and stainless steel specimens used as controls. The second phase evaluated the effectiveness of spray disinfection at time intervals of 1, 3, and 10 minutes. Material and methods. Specimens made of soft denture liners attached to acrylic resin bases (10 per group) were contaminated with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Colony-forming units were counted after different disinfection techniques were applied. Kruskal-Wallis 1-way analysis of variance on ranks and all all pairwise multiple comparison procedures (Dunn's method) were used to test for significant differences among test groups at the P < .05 level of significance. Results. Chlorine dioxide was effective against nonporous stainless steel specimens but was inadequate for denture liners at the recommended 3-minute time of disinfection. The immersion technique was more effective than the spray technique, but the difference was not significant. Increasing the time of disinfection did not significantly reduce the numbers of microorganisms. Conclusion. Coe Soft and Coe Comfort denture liners should be removed before entering the laboratory. These materials contain sufficient viable bacteria after routine disinfection procedures to cause contamination of the ''clean laboratory." C1 USA, DENTAC, W Point, NY 10996 USA. USA, DENTAC, Prosthodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Furukawa, KK (reprint author), USA, DENTAC, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 6 BP 723 EP 729 DI 10.1016/S0022-3913(98)70061-7 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 146NQ UT WOS:000077437500014 PM 9830079 ER PT J AU Delaney, DK Grubb, TG Garcelon, DK AF Delaney, DK Grubb, TG Garcelon, DK TI An infrared video camera system for monitoring diurnal and nocturnal raptors SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE behavior; diurnal activity; infrared photography; Mexican Spotted Owl; nocturnal activity; Strix occidentalis lucida; surveillance; video camera ID WILDLIFE AB A black and white, circuit-board video camera system with night vision was designed to monitor Mexican Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis lucida) behavior. A 0.5-Lux infrared camera equipped with a 3.3 mm 3 m in total darkness with the aid of six infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs). To extend nighttime visibility at selected sites to approximately 6 m, we constructed a supplemental EI-LED infrared light source. Industrial-grade video recorders provided up to 24-hr coverage per VIIS rape. Cameras averaged 6.9 m from nests (range 3.0-10.3 m). Mean camera installation time was 42 min (range 28-71 min). Between 25 April-3 July 1996, approximately 820 hr of video effort (76 hr for equipment assembly, 14 hr for camera placement 230 hr for maintaining tapes and batteries, and 500 hr for subsequent video analysis) provided 2655 hr of usable video coverage (149 tapes) at 20 nest sites, a return ratio of nearly 3,2:1 hr of coverage for each hour invested. Comparable detail, quality, or quantity of behavioral data would nut have been possible through direct observation. This video system could have a wide application in other raptor behavior studies, especially for determining the effects of human activities. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Inst Wildlife Studies, Arcata, CA 95518 USA. RP Delaney, DK (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Labs, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 14 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 32 IS 4 BP 290 EP 296 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 162AT UT WOS:000078323400006 ER PT J AU Karpov, KA Haaker, PL Albin, D Taniguchi, IK Kushner, D AF Karpov, KA Haaker, PL Albin, D Taniguchi, IK Kushner, D TI The red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, in California: Importance of depth refuge to abalone management SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium of Abalone Biology, Fisheries, and Culture CY OCT 25-31, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP US Natl Pk Serv, CA Dept Fish & Game, FishTech Int, Abalone Abodes DE Haliotis rufescens; density; abundance; refuge; young-of-the-year; recruitment AB Two different approaches have been used for management of red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, in California. In central and southern California, use of compressed air has been allowed for both commercial and sport fisheries, permitting take of red abalone throughout its depth range. In northern California, commercial fishing has not been allowed, nor has use of compressed air by the sport fishery, resulting in refuge from take at depths below 8.4 m. The central and southern California fisheries were recently closed because of stock declines, while the northern California fishery continues to provide high yields. Commercial catch and stock density showed parallel trends of significant decline at two of three southern California islands (Santa Rosa Island and Santa Cruz Island, but not San Miguel Island) between 1983 and 1996. At Van Damme State Park, a highly fished northern California site, stock density increased threefold between 1986 and 1992. Dive survey data indicate major recruitment events are sporadic in northern California. Density of young-of-the-year (YOY) recruits at Van Damme in 1990 to 1992 averaged three times that at Santa Rosa Island in 1978 to 1982. The proportion of red abalone larger than the sport size limit was 43% at Van Damme in depths >8.4 m, but was only 16% at depths <8.4 m, and 15% at Santa Rosa Island at all depths. Refuge by depth at Van Damme apparently protected sufficient adults from harvest during protracted periods of low recruitment to allow sustainable harvest. C1 Calif Dept Fish & Game, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. Channel Isl Natl Pk, Ventura, CA 93001 USA. RP Karpov, KA (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Game, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI SOUTHAMPTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, NATURAL SCIENCE DIVISION, SOUTHAMPTON COLLEGE, SOUTHAMPTON, NY 11968 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 17 IS 3 BP 863 EP 870 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 160UU UT WOS:000078250300046 ER PT J AU Summers, V Leek, MR AF Summers, V Leek, MR TI FO processing and the separation of competing speech signals by listeners with normal hearing and with hearing loss SO JOURNAL OF SPEECH LANGUAGE AND HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE FO processing; FO discrimination; concurrent vowel identification; competing speech task; hearing impairment ID RECEPTION THRESHOLD; SIMULTANEOUS VOWELS; IMPAIRED LISTENERS; CONCURRENT VOWELS; PERCEPTUAL SEPARATION; ELDERLY LISTENERS; COGNITIVE-FACTORS; NOISE; DISCRIMINATION; YOUNG AB Normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners were tested to determine F0 difference limens For synthetic tokens of 5 steady-state vowels. The same stimuli were then used in a concurrent-vowel labeling task with the F0 difference between concurrent vowels ranging between 0 and 4 semitones. Finally, speech recognition was tested for synthetic sentences in the presence of a competing synthetic voice with the same, a higher, or a lower F0. Normal-hearing listeners and hearing-impaired listeners with small F0-discrimination (Delta F0) thresholds showed improvements in vowel labeling when there were differences in F0 between vowels on the concurrent-vowel task. Impaired listeners with high Delta F0 thresholds did not benefit from F0 differences between vowels. At the group level, normal-hearing listeners benefited more than hearing-impaired listeners from F0 differences between competing signals on both the concurrent-vowel and sentence tasks. However, for individual listeners, Delta F0 thresholds and improvements in concurrent-vowel labeling based on F0 differences were only weakly associated With F0-based improvements in performance on the sentence task. For both the concurrent-vowel and sentence tasks, there was evidence that the ability to benefit from F0 differences between competing signals decreases with age. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Summers, V (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC 00626] NR 34 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1092-4388 J9 J SPEECH LANG HEAR R JI J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1294 EP 1306 PG 13 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 145JV UT WOS:000077368500007 PM 9859885 ER PT J AU Teschan, PE Baxter, CR O'Brien, TF Freyhof, JN Hall, WH AF Teschan, PE Baxter, CR O'Brien, TF Freyhof, JN Hall, WH TI Prophylactic hemodialysis in the treatment of acute renal failure (Reprinted from Ann. Intern. Med. vol 53, pg 992-1016, 1960) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Reprint C1 USA, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Surg Res Unit, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Teschan, PE (reprint author), USA, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 9 IS 12 BP 2384 EP 2397 PG 14 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 142CJ UT WOS:000077182100025 PM 9848796 ER PT J AU Teschan, PE AF Teschan, PE TI Prophylactic hemodialysis in the treatment of acute renal failure - Author commentary SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Walter Reed Inst Res, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Teschan, PE (reprint author), USA, Walter Reed Inst Res, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 9 IS 12 BP 2384 EP 2388 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 142CJ UT WOS:000077182100026 PM 9848796 ER PT J AU Lins, HF Stakhiv, EZ AF Lins, HF Stakhiv, EZ TI Managing the nations water in a changing climate SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE water management; climate change; impact assessment ID RESOURCES AB Among the many concerns associated with global climate change, the potential effects on water resources are frequently cited as the most worrisome. In contrast, those who manage water resources do not rate climatic change among their top planning and operational concerns. The difference in these views can be associated with how water managers operate their systems and the types of stresses, and the operative time horizons, that affect the Nation's water resources infrastructure. Climate, or more precisely weather, is an important variable in the management of water resources at daily to monthly time scabs because water resources systems generally are operated on a daily basis. At decadal to centennial time scales, though, climate is much less important because (1) forecasts, particularly of regional precipitation, are extremely uncertain over such time periods, and (2) the magnitude of effects due to changes in climate on water resources is small relative to changes in other variables such as population, technology, economics, and environmental regulation. Thus, water management agencies find it difficult to justify changing design features or operating rules on the basis of simulated climatic change at the present time, especially given that reservoir-design criteria incorporate considerable buffering capacity for extreme meteorological and hydrological events. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Lins, HF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 415 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1255 EP 1264 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb05429.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 158UE UT WOS:000078134800002 ER PT J AU Henneman, HE Stefan, HG AF Henneman, HE Stefan, HG TI Snow and ice albedo measured with two types of pyranometers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE snow and ice albedo; solar radiation; pyranometer; thermopile; photovoltaic sensors ID TEMPERATURE; LAKE AB In order to obtain total short-wave albedos of snow and ice, both incident and reflected solar radiation were measured over a frozen lake surface using two different types of radiation measurement devices: a Kipp and Zonen thermopile pyranometer with a spectral sensitivity of 300 to 2800 nm and a LI-COR photovoltaic pyranometer with a spectral sensitivity of 400 to 1100 mn. The spectral response of the LI-COR pyranometers limits its use as a short-wave radiation measurement device. Therefore, two equations were developed to adjust both the daily incident radiation data and the daily reflected radiation data measured by the LI-COR instrument to total short-wave radiation values, i.e., to the waveband of 300 to 2800 nm (visible to near-infrared spectrum). The LI-COR data were then adjusted, and a total short-wave adjusted albedo was calculated with a modeling efficiency of 0.97. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. RP Henneman, HE (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 111 N Canal St, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1487 EP 1494 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb05447.x PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 158UE UT WOS:000078134800020 ER PT J AU Gaffin, SL Gentile, B Koratich, M Leva, N Hubbard, R Francesconi, R AF Gaffin, SL Gentile, B Koratich, M Leva, N Hubbard, R Francesconi, R TI A miniswine model of heatstroke SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE potassium; calcium; phosphate; pH; hyperthermia; LPS; heatstroke; swine ID WHOLE-BODY HYPERTHERMIA; HEAT-STRESSED PRIMATES; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE CONCENTRATIONS; ACIDIC PH; STROKE; EXERCISE; RAT; PLASMA; ENDOTOXEMIA AB We developed a miniswine model of passive heatstroke, in part, to explain the variable hyper-, normo- and hypokalemia seen in heatstroke victims. After a baseline period (T-amb=26-27 degrees C), anesthetized and instrumented miniswine (n = 13, mass = 44.6 kg) were ramped to 41-43 degrees C, 60% RH; 13 controls were treated identically, but T-re was maintained at 38 degrees C. T-re of the experimental miniswine rose nearly linearly to 45-46 degrees C until death (approx. 4 h). The response patterns of mean arterial pressure, heart rate, plasma KC, LPS, Ca2+, inorganic phosphate, lactate and a variety of other clinical chemical and physiological Variables were determined. An explanation for the variability of plasma K+ in heatstroke victims was proposed. This model may be useful in characterizing the multisystemic pathology of severe heat injury and be useful for assessing innovative therapeutic regimens. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr & Biochem Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Gaffin, SL (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr & Biochem Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 23 IS 6 BP 341 EP 352 DI 10.1016/S0306-4565(98)00024-2 PG 12 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 155BZ UT WOS:000077927200004 ER PT J AU Gambel, JM Brundage, JF Kuschner, RA Kelley, PW AF Gambel, JM Brundage, JF Kuschner, RA Kelley, PW TI Deployed US Army soldiers' knowledge and use of personal protection measures to prevent arthropod-related casualties SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID REPELLENTS C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Gambel, JM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON STREET SOUTH PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 5 IS 4 BP 217 EP 220 DI 10.1111/j.1708-8305.1998.tb00511.x PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 248ZP UT WOS:000083306900011 PM 9876199 ER PT J AU Stamatos, NM Mascola, JR Kalyanaraman, VS Louder, MK Frampton, LM Birx, DL VanCott, TC AF Stamatos, NM Mascola, JR Kalyanaraman, VS Louder, MK Frampton, LM Birx, DL VanCott, TC TI Neutralizing antibodies from the sera of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals bind to monomeric gp120 and oligomeric gp140 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; CROSS-LINKED COMPLEXES; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; PRIMARY ISOLATE; NATIVE GP120; HIV-1 GP120; EPITOPES; VACCINE; GP160 AB Antibodies that neutralize primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) appear during HIV-1 infection but are difficult to elicit by immunization with current vaccine products comprised of monomeric forms of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. The limited neutralizing antibody response generated by gp120 vaccine products could be due to the absence or inaccessibility of the relevant epitopes. To determine whether neutralizing antibodies from HIV-1-infected patients bind to epitopes accessible on monomeric gp120 and/or oligomeric gp140 (ogp140), purified total immunoglobulin from the sera of two HIV-1-infected patients as well as pooled HIV immune globulin were selectively depleted of antibodies which bound to immobilized gp120 or ogpl40. After passage of each immunoglobulin preparation through the respective columns, antibody titers against gp120 and ogp140 were specifically reduced at least 128-fold. The gp120- and gp140-depleted antibody fraction from each serum displayed reduced neutralization activity against three primary and two T-cell line-adapted (TCLA) HIV-1 isolates. Significant residual neutralizing activity, however, persisted in the depleted sera, indicating additional neutralizing antibody specificities, gp120- and ogp140-specific antibodies eluted from each column neutralized both primary and TCLA viruses. These data demonstrate the presence and accessibility of epitopes on both monomeric gp120 and ogpl40 that are specific for antibodies that are capable of neutralizing primary isolates of HIV-1. Thus, the difficulties associated with eliciting neutralizing antibodies by using current monomeric gp120 subunit vaccines may be related less to improper protein structure and more to ineffective immunogen formulation and/or presentation. C1 Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Dept Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Adv Biosci Labs, Kensington, MD 20895 USA. RP VanCott, TC (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn, 13 Taft Ct,Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM tvancott@hiv.hjf.org NR 80 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 72 IS 12 BP 9656 EP 9667 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 137AW UT WOS:000076892100026 PM 9811699 ER PT J AU Frankel, SS Steinman, RM Michael, NL Kim, SR Bhardwaj, N Pope, M Louder, MK Ehrenberg, PK Parren, PWHI Burton, DR Katinger, H VanCott, TC Robb, ML Birx, DL Mascola, JR AF Frankel, SS Steinman, RM Michael, NL Kim, SR Bhardwaj, N Pope, M Louder, MK Ehrenberg, PK Parren, PWHI Burton, DR Katinger, H VanCott, TC Robb, ML Birx, DL Mascola, JR TI Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies block human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of dendritic cells and transmission to T cells SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; CHEMOKINE-CORECEPTORS; PRODUCTIVE INFECTION; LANGERHANS CELLS; RHESUS MACAQUES; HIV-1 ENTRY; REPLICATION; LYMPHOCYTES; EFFICIENT; MUCOSAL AB Prevention of the initial infection of mucosal dendritic cells (DC) and interruption of the subsequent transmission of HIV-1 from DC to T cells are likely to be important attributes of an effective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine. While anti-HIV-l neutralizing antibodies have been difficult to elicit by immunization, there are several human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that effectively neutralize virus infection of activated T cells. We investigated the ability of three well-characterized neutralizing MAbs (IgG1b12, 2F5, and 2G12) to block HIV-1 infection of human DC. DC were generated from CD14(+) blood cells or obtained from cadaveric human skin. The MAbs prevented viral entry into purified DC and the ensuing productive infection in DC/T-cell cultures. When DC were first pulsed with HIV-1, MAbs blocked the subsequent transmission to unstimulated CD3(+) T cells. Thus, neutralizing antibodies can block HIV-1 infection of DC and the cell-to-cell transmission of virus from infected DC to T cells. These data suggest that neutralizing antibodies could interrupt the initial events associated with mucosal transmission and regional spread of HIV-1. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Dept Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Infect & Parasit Dis Pathol, Amer Registry Pathol, Div AIDS & Emerging Infect Dis, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Cellular Physiol & Immunol Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA USA. Agr Univ Vienna, Inst Appl Microbiol, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. RP Frankel, SS (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, 13 Taft Court,Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RI Steinman, Ralph/F-7729-2012; OI Parren, Paul/0000-0002-4365-3859 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL59718]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI33292, AI40874, R01 AI033292, R01 AI040874, R37 AI033292] NR 47 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 72 IS 12 BP 9788 EP 9794 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 137AW UT WOS:000076892100041 PM 9811714 ER PT J AU Jensen, ED Lipscomb, T Van Bonn, B Miller, G Fradkin, JM Ridgway, SH AF Jensen, ED Lipscomb, T Van Bonn, B Miller, G Fradkin, JM Ridgway, SH TI Disseminated histoplasmosis in an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Atlantic bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; Histoplasma capsulatum; histoplasmosis; fungus; pneumonia ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTION; NOSED DOLPHINS; OUTBREAK; DISEASE AB An approximately 37-yr-old female Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) died after a 4-mo illness characterized by intermittent anorexia, lethargy, mild neutrophilic leukocytosis, and mild nonregenerative anemia. At necropsy, the lungs were diffusely consolidated, and histopathology of the lungs revealed severe pneumonia with macrophages containing clusters of numerous yeast cells. Inflammatory lesions and yeast also were found in pulmonary, mediastinal, prescapular, and duodenal lymph nodes, spleen, liver, kidneys, urinary bladder pancreas, right adrenal gland, and the pyloric stomach. Histomorphology, Fungal culture, and polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that the fungus was Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum. This is the first report of histoplasmosis in a cetacean. C1 Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Army Vet Corps, Dept Vet Small Anim Med & Surg, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Jensen, ED (reprint author), Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Code D35,Bayside,Bldg 194,49620 Beluga Rd, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 29 IS 4 BP 456 EP 460 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 169PN UT WOS:000078757900014 PM 10065856 ER PT J AU Anastasi, RF Friedman, AD Hinders, MK Madaras, EI AF Anastasi, RF Friedman, AD Hinders, MK Madaras, EI TI NDE of damage in thick stitched composites using laser-based ultrasound with optical fibers for remote generation and detection SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE composites; ultrasound; laser; optical fibers ID CONFOCAL FABRY-PEROT AB As design engineers implement new composite systems such as thick, load bearing, composite structures, they must have certifiable confidence in the structure's durability and worthiness. This confidence builds from understanding the structural response and failure characteristics of simple components loaded in testing machines to tests on full scale sections. Nondestructive evaluation is an important element that can provide quantitative information on the damage initiation, propagation, and final failure modes for the composite structural components. Although ultrasound is generally accepted as a test method, the use of conventional ultrasound for in situ monitoring of damage during tests of large structures is not practical. The use of lasers to generate and defect ultrasound extends the application of ultrasound to in situ sensing of damage in a deformed structure remotely and without contact. The goal of this research is to utilize this technology to monitor damage progression during testing. This paper describes and demonstrates the application of laser based ultrasound to quantify damage in thick stitched composite structural elements. This method involves using a Q-switched laser to generate a rapid, local thermal strain on the surface of the structure, causing the generation of ultrasonic waves into the material. A second laser used with a Fabry-Perot interferometer detects the surface deflections. The use of fiber optics provides safety for eyes and a convenient method of delivering the laser over long distances to the specimens. The composite material comprises several stacks of graphite assembled by stitching through the laminate thickness, then infiltrated with a resin and cured. The specimens used for these nondestructive evaluation studies had either impact damage or skin/stiffener interlaminar failure. Although little or no surface damage was visible, internal damage was detected by laser based ultrasound. C1 NASA, USA, Vehicle Technol Ctr,Langley Res Ctr, ARL,AMSRL VT S,Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NASA, Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Anastasi, RF (reprint author), NASA, USA, Vehicle Technol Ctr,Langley Res Ctr, ARL,AMSRL VT S,Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 56 IS 12 BP 1402 EP 1406 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 150GU UT WOS:000077656700006 ER PT J AU Goldfarb, AH Jamurtas, AZ Kamimori, GH Hegde, S Otterstetter, R Brown, DA AF Goldfarb, AH Jamurtas, AZ Kamimori, GH Hegde, S Otterstetter, R Brown, DA TI Gender effect on beta-endorphin response to exercise SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; ENDOGENOUS OPIATES; WOMEN; INTENSITY; HUMANS; LIPOTROPIN; SECRETION; CORTISOL; BLOOD AB Purpose: Twelve healthy men (26.4 yr) and women (26.8 yr) were compared at rest and after cycling for 25 min at 60 and 80% (V) over dot O(2max) to determine whether gender and menstrual cycle influenced circulating beta-endorphin concentration (BE). Methods: (V) over dot O(2max) was determined on a cycle ergometer, and subjects completed the exercise in a randomized order. Women were tested in both the luteal (L) and follicular (F) phases of their menstrual cycle, which was confirmed by their blood estrogen levels. All tests were conducted in the morning after a 30-min rest (12-h postabsorptive). An indwelling venous catheter placed in a forearm vein enabled blood sampling at rest, 25 min of cycling, and 25 min of recovery. Results: Resting BE was similar for men before both 60 and 80% intensities of exercise, 5.27 +/- 0.43 and 5.30 +/- 0.33 pmol.ml(-1), respectively. BE was not significantly changed at 60% (V) over dot O(2max) (6.54 +/- 0.33 pmol.mL(-1)) but significantly increased at 80% (V) over dot O(2max) (11.90 +/- 1.98 pmol.mL(-1)). Women tended to have slightly lower BE during the L compared with F, but this did not reach significance (L = 4.40 +/- 0.22, F = 4.73 +/- 0.30 pmol.mL(-1)). Cycling at 60% (V) over dot O(2max) did not significantly increase BE in the L (5.41 +/- 0.42 pmol.mL(-1)) nor the F (5.35 +/- 0.40 pmol.mL(-1)). Cycling at 80% (V) over dot O(2max) increased BE to a similar extent in both the L and F phase, respectively (10.44 and 10.96). Although the BE concentrations tended to be slightly lower in women compared with men at 80% (V) over dot O(2max) this did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: These data suggest that women cycling at 80% (V) over dot O(2max) will have a similar BE response to men independent of their menstrual cycle. BE in women at rest and who exercise at lower exercise intensities may have slightly lower BE levels then men independent of the time of the women's menstrual cycle. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Exercise & Sport Sci, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Behav Biol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. George Washington Univ, Womens Exercise Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Goldfarb, AH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Exercise & Sport Sci, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. EM ahgoldfa@uncg.edu OI Jamurtas, Thanasis/0000-0001-5115-9490 NR 26 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1672 EP 1676 DI 10.1097/00005768-199812000-00003 PG 5 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 148WM UT WOS:000077556900003 PM 9861598 ER PT J AU Harney, MME AF Harney, MME TI The quiet revolution: Downsizing, outsourcing, and best value SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article AB In the process of governing, the government should not compete with its citizens. The competitive enterprise system, characterized by individual freedom and initiative, is the primary source of national economic growth. In recognition of this principle, it has been and continues to be the general policy of the government to rely on commercial sources to supply the products and services the government needs.(2) We are today engaged in a quiet revolution that extends across the range of our activities.(3). C1 USAF, Judge Advocate Gen Dept, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Harney, MME (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Contract & Fiscal Law Dept, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 158 BP 48 EP 108 PG 61 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 151KQ UT WOS:000077719600002 ER PT J AU Franks, FM AF Franks, FM TI The fourth annual Hugh J. Clausen Leadership Lecture: Soldiering today and tomorrow SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 158 BP 130 EP 146 PG 17 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 151KQ UT WOS:000077719600004 ER PT J AU Corn, GS AF Corn, GS TI The victors: Eisenhower and his boys: The men of World War II SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Corn, GS (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Int & Operat Law Dept, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 158 BP 159 EP 163 PG 5 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 151KQ UT WOS:000077719600006 ER PT J AU Bickers, JM AF Bickers, JM TI The warrior generals: Combat leadership in the Civil War SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Corp, Washington, DC 20310 USA. USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 47, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Bickers, JM (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Corp, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 158 BP 164 EP 171 PG 8 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 151KQ UT WOS:000077719600007 ER PT J AU Wesely, CH AF Wesely, CH TI Prodigal soldiers: How the generation of officers born of Vietnam revolutionized the American style of war SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 47, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 158 BP 172 EP 178 PG 7 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 151KQ UT WOS:000077719600008 ER PT J AU Martin, S Gambel, J Jackson, J Aronson, N Gupta, R Rowton, E Perich, M McEvoy, P Berman, J Magill, A Hoke, C AF Martin, S Gambel, J Jackson, J Aronson, N Gupta, R Rowton, E Perich, M McEvoy, P Berman, J Magill, A Hoke, C TI Leishmaniasis in the United States Military SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OPERATION-DESERT-STORM; AZAR DERMAL LEISHMANIASIS; LIPOSOMAL AMPHOTERICIN-B; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; KALA-AZAR; SODIUM STIBOGLUCONATE; RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN; SAUDI-ARABIA; TROPICA AB Leishmaniasis is a recurrent health problem for the U.S. and other militaries. Health care workers may be unfamiliar with the risk factors, transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease. A team of highly trained specialists is required to properly manage service members with leishmaniasis. Such care is available only in a few medical centers. Although there are no prophylactic drugs to prevent this disease, control of insect populations and use of personal protection measures can minimize arthropod-related casualties. The impact of leishmaniasis on military operations and research initiatives to better prevent, diagnose, and treat infection are discussed. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Martin, S (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Rowton, Edgar/A-4474-2012; Rowton, Edgar/A-1975-2011 OI Rowton, Edgar/0000-0002-1979-1485 NR 85 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 163 IS 12 BP 801 EP 807 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 148WW UT WOS:000077557900003 PM 9866357 ER PT J AU Chisick, MC Poindexter, FR AF Chisick, MC Poindexter, FR TI Satisfaction of active duty US service members with military dental care SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PATIENT SATISFACTION; QUALITY; ACCOUNTABILITY AB This study explores the satisfaction of active duty service members with military dental care. The data were collected from April 1994 to January 1995. A prestratified, random sample of 15,915 service members was drawn. Of 12,050 respondents (81% response rate), 11,200 had an annual dental visit and answered 22 questions on satisfaction with military dental care. We calculated simple descriptive statistics and derived a composite overall satisfaction score using factor analysis. We then converted composite scores into a satisfaction index, a continuous variable with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 10. The satisfaction index was regressed on respondent demographics to determine which factors influence: service members' overall satisfaction with military dental care. Results show that satisfaction with military dental care is high and consistent across respondent demographics. However, because this study was conducted before the recent, sizable drawdown of military dental personnel, these findings may not describe the current state of satisfaction with military dental care. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Chisick, MC (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 163 IS 12 BP 813 EP 816 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 148WW UT WOS:000077557900005 PM 9866359 ER PT J AU Chisick, MC Poindexter, FR AF Chisick, MC Poindexter, FR TI Determinants of dental insurance status for US military families SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENTS AB This study explores what factors influence whether active duty U.S. military personnel enroll their families in Department of Defense (DoD) or non-DoD dental insurance plans. The data come from a 26-site, cross-sectional survey of U.S. service members conducted from April 1994 to January 1995. A prestratified, randomly selected target sample of 15,915 service members yielded 12,950 respondents (81% response rate); 7,243 of these had insurance-eligible families. Age, gender, ethnicity, education, rank, marital status, branch of service, number of children, number of years of military service, and insurance status of respondents were collected on self-administered questionnaires. We performed stepwise, backward, logistic regression analysis to determine which factors influence a military family's dental insurance status. Results show that enrollment in DoD insurance is influenced by every demographic factor collected; enrollment in non-DoD insurance is influenced by fewer factors. The decision by U.S. service members to enroll their families in dental insurance plans is subject to many and complex influences. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Chisick, MC (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 163 IS 12 BP 817 EP 819 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 148WW UT WOS:000077557900006 PM 9866360 ER PT J AU Hines, AH Ader, DN Chang, AS Rundell, JR AF Hines, AH Ader, DN Chang, AS Rundell, JR TI Dual agency, dual relationships, boundary crossings, and associated boundary violations: A survey of military and civilian psychiatrists SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EXPLOITATION INDEX; MANAGED CARE; PSYCHOTHERAPIST; PHYSICIANS AB We hypothesized that psychiatrists with high dual-agency potential (military and health maintenance organization [HMO] psychiatrists) were more likely than non-HMO civilian psychiatrists to engage in dual relationships, report pressures to do so, participate in other general boundary-crossing activities, and report associated counter-therapeutic outcomes (boundary violations). Ninety military and 191 demographically matched civilian psychiatrists reported the number of boundary-crossing activities (including dual relationships) and associated counter-therapeutic outcomes in the preceding year with adult patients, Military and HMO psychiatrists reported greater external pressures than non-BMO civilian psychiatrists to engage in dual relationships; however, all three groups were similar in their reported numbers of dual relationships. The reported boundary-crossing activities and dual relationships studied here are not necessarily associated with reported boundary violations. The relative risk of a particular boundary crossing associating with harm to a patient likely depends on the therapeutic context and should be determined on a case-by-case basis. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Hines, AH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 163 IS 12 BP 826 EP 833 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 148WW UT WOS:000077557900008 PM 9866362 ER PT J AU Rivers, FM Lavallee, SM Nenninger, KM Nichols, D AF Rivers, FM Lavallee, SM Nenninger, KM Nichols, D TI Evaluation of a bed utilization system in a surgical nursing section SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB This research study evaluated a new bed utilization program established in the surgical nursing section at a major military medical facility, The study involved four wards with 83 beds before the new system was implemented, and three wards with 71 beds after the implementation. Five variables were identified as having an effect on the bed management program. These variables were time of discharge, escort compliance, bed availability, staff satisfaction, and patient satisfaction. Both a paired t test and an independent t test were applied for statistical analysis at the 0.05 level of significance. Data were collected for 1 month at two different intervals for comparison, using two surveys, patient records, 24-hour nursing reports, and same-day surgical schedules. A sample size of 103 was used as a basis for time of discharge and staff and patient satisfaction. The staff satisfaction survey also included a demographic data sheet. Escort compliance and bed availability were based on a 30-day time frame. The sample subjects included all patients who entered the surgical nursing section and their health care providers. Data analysis revealed significant differences in escort compliance and bed availability between the pre and post data. Findings from this study support the need for a functional, efficient bed management system. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Surg Nursing Sect, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Rivers, FM (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Surg Nursing Sect, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 163 IS 12 BP 839 EP 843 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 148WW UT WOS:000077557900010 PM 9866364 ER PT J AU Statler, JD Ronsivalle, JA Depper, MH Rao, KCVG AF Statler, JD Ronsivalle, JA Depper, MH Rao, KCVG TI Bilateral carotid artery dissection during the army physical fitness test SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMAGING FEATURES C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Statler, JD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 6825 16th St NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 163 IS 12 BP 857 EP 860 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 148WW UT WOS:000077557900015 PM 9866369 ER PT J AU Goodkin, DE Priore, RL Wende, KE Campion, M Bourdette, DN Herndon, RM Fischer, JS Jacobs, LD Cookfair, DL Rudick, RA Richert, JR Salazar, AM Granger, CV Simon, JH Alam, JJ Bartoszak, DM Braiman, J Brownscheidle, CM Coats, ME Cohan, SL Dougherty, DS Kinkel, RP Mass, MK Munschauer, FE Pullicino, PM Scherokman, BJ Weinstock-Guttman, B Whitham, RH AF Goodkin, DE Priore, RL Wende, KE Campion, M Bourdette, DN Herndon, RM Fischer, JS Jacobs, LD Cookfair, DL Rudick, RA Richert, JR Salazar, AM Granger, CV Simon, JH Alam, JJ Bartoszak, DM Braiman, J Brownscheidle, CM Coats, ME Cohan, SL Dougherty, DS Kinkel, RP Mass, MK Munschauer, FE Pullicino, PM Scherokman, BJ Weinstock-Guttman, B Whitham, RH CA Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Res Grp TI Comparing the ability of various compositive outcomes to discriminate treatment effects in MS clinical trials SO MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE multiple sclerosis; clinical trials; outcome measures ID PROGRESSIVE MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; STATUS SCALE EDSS; ORAL METHOTREXATE; ADULT NORMS; DEXTERITY; BLOCK; BOX AB We compared the ability of the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and a composite outcome of non-physician-based measures of time to ambulate 25 feet (TA) and manual dexterity (the Box and Block Test [BBT], and 9-Hole Peg Test [9HPT]) to discriminate treatment effects in the Phase III study of interferon beta-la. A log-rank comparison of Kaplan-Meier curves by treatment group showed the non-physician-based composite of BBT, 9HPT, and TA was of comparable sensitivity (P=0.013) in discriminating sustained treatment failure as the EDSS alone (P=0.029). The composite of BET, 9HPT, TA, and EDSS was more sensitive (P=0.009) in discriminating sustained treatment failure than the EDSS alone. Compositive outcomes of the EDSS and non-physician-based measures of manual dexterity and timed ambulation provide on appealing strategy to reduce the number of patients required to discriminate treatment effects in MS clinical trials. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Mt Zion Multiple Sclerosis Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Prevent & Social Med, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Buffalo Gen Hosp, MSCRG Data Management & Stat Ctr, Dept Neurol, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Neurol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Serv Neurol, Portland, OR USA. GV Sonny Montgomery VAMC, Dept Neurol, Jackson, MS USA. Univ Mississippi, Ctr Med, University, MS 38677 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Mellen Ctr Multiple Sclerosis Treatment & Res, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Millard Fillmore Hlth Syst, William C Baird Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr, Buffalo, NY USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Rehabil Med, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, MRI, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Slocum Dickson Med Grp, New Hartford, NY USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Neurol, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Springfield, VA USA. RP Goodkin, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Mt Zion Multiple Sclerosis Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU PHS HHS [R01-26321] NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1352-4585 J9 MULT SCLER JI Mult. Scler. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 4 IS 6 BP 480 EP 486 DI 10.1177/135245859800400604 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 156AF UT WOS:000077978700004 PM 9987756 ER PT J AU Kalyanaraman, R Yoo, S Krupashankara, MS Sudarshan, TS Dowding, RJ AF Kalyanaraman, R Yoo, S Krupashankara, MS Sudarshan, TS Dowding, RJ TI Synthesis and consolidation of iron nanopowders SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFINE AB A microwave plasma processing technique was used to synthesize iron nanopowders. The average particle size of these powders was similar to 10 nm and the surface area was measured to be 42 m(2)/g. Powder production rates as high as 50 gm/hour were achieved. Magnetic property measurements on iron nanopowders yielded coercivities as high as 60 kA/m at 4 K, which decreased to similar to 0 Aim (a superparamagnetic transition) at room temperature. In this paper, the microwave plasma processing technique has been compared with other nanopowder synthesis techniques. Since the successful application of nanomaterials depends highly on the processing technology, results from consolidation studies on iron nanopowders are also presented. Iron nanopowders were consolidated to study performance parameters such as density, grain growth and other morphological changes. The nanopowder was consolidated using Plasma Pressure Consolidation ((PC)-C-2) technique to 95% density, at a temperature and pressure of 850 degrees C and 63 MPa respectively Microwave plasma synthesis is capable of producing metallic and ceramic nanopowders, which will sustain interest in research areas including magnetic storage, nano-fabrication of electronic materials and nanoglass, besides the field of catalysis. (C)1999 Acta Metallurgica Inc. C1 Mat Modificat Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Kalyanaraman, R (reprint author), Mat Modificat Inc, 2929-P1,Eskridge Rd, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. RI Dowding, Robert/F-1469-2015; Albe, Karsten/F-1139-2011 OI Dowding, Robert/0000-0002-4763-2131; NR 11 TC 82 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-9773 J9 NANOSTRUCT MATER JI Nanostruct. Mater. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 10 IS 8 BP 1379 EP 1392 DI 10.1016/S0965-9773(99)00017-3 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 177TJ UT WOS:000079226900015 ER PT J AU Crisp, BJ Yancey, MK Uyehara, C Nauschuetz, WF AF Crisp, BJ Yancey, MK Uyehara, C Nauschuetz, WF TI Effect of delayed inoculation of selective media in antenatal detection of group B streptococci SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION; INFECTION AB Objective: To determine accuracy of group B streptococcal culture swabs immediately inoculated after sampling compared with swabs transported to the laboratory and inoculated subsequently. Methods: Lower genital tract specimens were collected by sweeping two rayon-tipped swabs across the lower vagina and rectum of gravidas at 35-37 weeks' gestation. One swab was placed immediately in selective growth medium (immediate inoculation group). The other was placed in standard transport media, sent routinely to the clinical laboratory, and transferred subsequently to selective growth medium within 2 hours (delayed inoculation group). Results: Matched specimens were collected from 374 women during the study period. Ninety-three women had positive cultures, a colonization rate of 24.9%. Concordant results were found in 364 of 374 (97.3%). Six women had negative results by the immediate method but positive by the delayed method, and four women had positive immediate cultures but negative by the delayed method. There was no statistically significant difference between the two methods in the detection of positive cultures. Conclusion: Use of immediate inoculation instead of delayed inoculation in culturing group B streptococcus specimens does not result in an improved detection rate. (Obstet Gynecol 1998;92:923-5. (C) 1998 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.). C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Crisp, BJ (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 92 IS 6 BP 923 EP 925 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(98)00304-4 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 140ZT UT WOS:000077118700006 PM 9840550 ER PT J AU Shoop, BL Sadowski, RW Dudevoir, GP Ressler, EK Sayles, AH Hall, DA Litynski, DM AF Shoop, BL Sadowski, RW Dudevoir, GP Ressler, EK Sayles, AH Hall, DA Litynski, DM TI Smart pixel technology and an application to two-dimensional analog-to-digital conversion SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-NETWORK; MODULATORS; SILICON; CIRCUIT; ERROR; MESFETS AB A short review of smart pixel technology is followed by an application of one specific smart pixel technology to a 2-D application of analog-to-digital conversion called digital image halftoning. A novel approach to digital image halftoning is described based on a symmetric error diffusion algorithm, a new form of artificial neural network called an error diffusion neural network, and a smart pixel optoelectronic architecture. Two generations of smart pixel architectures are described that incorporate self-electro-optic effect device (SEED) modulators flip-chip bonded to submicrometer feature size complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) silicon circuitry to produce CMOS-SEED implementations of the error diffusion neural network. Simulations and experimental characterizations demonstrate that this hardware approach provides sufficient computational accuracy for the analog neural network while simultaneously providing switching speeds that support halftoning at video rates, (C) 1998 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(98)00112-3]. C1 US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, West Point, NY 10996 USA. Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM shoop@exmail.usma.edu NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 37 IS 12 BP 3175 EP 3186 DI 10.1117/1.601995 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 147VN UT WOS:000077518300014 ER PT J AU Kilby, GR Shoop, BL Mait, JN Wagner, TD Ressler, EK AF Kilby, GR Shoop, BL Mait, JN Wagner, TD Ressler, EK TI Experimental characterization of a diffractive optical filter for use in an optoelectronic analog-to-digital converter SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE diffractive optics; analog-to-digital conversion; error diffusion; optical interconnects ID DAMMANN GRATINGS; NETWORK AB The first experimental characterization of an eight-level, phase-only diffractive optical implementation of an error diffusion filter for use in digital image halftoning is reported. Ten identical elements were fabricated through a DARPA-sponsored workshop and subsequently experimentally characterized. A detailed statistical error analysis including both fabrication and instrumentation errors was performed to quantify the performance of the fabrication process as well as the expected system performance of the filters. Over the 10-sample ensemble, an average diffraction efficiency of 83.7% was measured with an RMS error between the designed and experimental coefficients of 0.2411%, producing nearly diffraction limited performance. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shoop, BL (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 1998 VL 157 IS 1-6 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(98)00520-3 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 148PU UT WOS:000077541700001 ER PT J AU Malis, DJ Magit, AE Pransky, SM Kearns, DB Seid, AB AF Malis, DJ Magit, AE Pransky, SM Kearns, DB Seid, AB TI Air in the vestibule: Computed tomography scan finding in traumatic perilymph fistula SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID SUDDEN C1 Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Div Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Malis, DJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Serv, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 119 IS 6 BP 689 EP 690 DI 10.1016/S0194-5998(98)70037-3 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 146CE UT WOS:000077409400027 PM 9852551 ER PT J AU Jimenez, CE Torres, E AF Jimenez, CE Torres, E TI Posterior ankle pain in a recreational athlete SO PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OS TRIGONUM SYNDROME C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Jimenez, CE (reprint author), 12007 Bernard Dr, Silver Spring, MD 20902 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0091-3847 J9 PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED JI Physician Sportsmed. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 26 IS 12 BP 59 EP 61 PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 144VQ UT WOS:000077336400014 PM 20086775 ER PT J AU Gillio, EF Advani, SG Gillespie, JW Fink, BK AF Gillio, EF Advani, SG Gillespie, JW Fink, BK TI Investigation of the role of transverse flow in co-injection resin transfer molding SO POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID MEDIA AB A co-injection resin transfer molding (CIRTM) process has been developed at the University of Delaware's Center for Composite Materials in collaboration with the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. It enables two or more resins to be simultaneously injected into a mold filled with a stationary fiber preform. This process allows for the manufacturing of co-cured multi-layer, multi-resin structures in a single processing step. A separation layer is used to provide resin compatibility during cure and to control resin mixing. Scaling issues relating the role of transverse permeability in resin mixing are investigated. This study presents two different approaches taken to understand the causes of transverse flow and to quantify the amount of transverse now that occurs during processing. The first approach, a one-dimensional model, explains the important parameters that govern resin flow in CIRTM. The second approach is based on an existing finite element code that is modified to allow for the injection of multiple resins. The total amount of transverse flow was quantified using the finite element code. This research shows that the CIRTM process requires a totally impermeable separation layer if CIRTM is used to manufacture large parts and/or if the resins injected have significantly different viscosities. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19711 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19711 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Gillio, EF (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19711 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD, CT 06804-0403 USA SN 0272-8397 J9 POLYM COMPOSITE JI Polym. Compos. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 19 IS 6 BP 738 EP 746 DI 10.1002/pc.10148 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 154KN UT WOS:000077888200011 ER PT J AU Freese, CE Walsh, SM AF Freese, CE Walsh, SM TI An a priori grid permutation for isothermal flow models SO POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID WAVE-FRONT REDUCTION; POROUS-MEDIA; PROFILE; ALGORITHM AB Mesh permutations are used to enhance the computational efficiency of an implicit finite element based scheme for modeling isothermal incompressible viscous now through a permeable medium. A new software implementation of the implicit algorithm permits a realization of these potential savings and is discussed in some detail. The efficiency of the modeling application is shown to be particularly sensitive to the ordering of the grid nodes. An a priori arrangement of nodes approximating the order of their activation (fill) during the actual simulation is indicated. A new ordering procedure is proposed to achieve this task. The algorithm utilizes both geometric relationships and modeling parameters and demonstrates predictive capabilities analogous to the actual flow simulation while requiring a fraction of the computational resources. Examples are used to verify and quantify the efficiency projections and to investigate the apparent contradictory objectives of the proposed grid permutation with those of the more familiar profile or bandwidth minimization procedures. C1 ABCEF Consulting, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Freese, CE (reprint author), ABCEF Consulting, 6 Springdale Rd, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD, CT 06804-0403 USA SN 0272-8397 J9 POLYM COMPOSITE JI Polym. Compos. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 19 IS 6 BP 759 EP 767 DI 10.1002/pc.10150 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 154KN UT WOS:000077888200013 ER PT J AU Jennings, BM AF Jennings, BM TI A mandate to increase rigor in outcomes management studies SO RESEARCH IN NURSING & HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Nurse Corps, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Jennings, BM (reprint author), USA, Nurse Corps, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0160-6891 J9 RES NURS HEALTH JI Res. Nurs. Health PD DEC PY 1998 VL 21 IS 6 BP 473 EP 474 PG 2 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 143KN UT WOS:000077254800001 PM 9839792 ER PT J AU Segletes, SB AF Segletes, SB TI Thermodynamic relations along the principal Hugoniot SO SHOCK WAVES LA English DT Article ID MIE-GRUNEISEN EQUATION; STABILITY; STATE AB Some thermodynamic relations are derived along the principal Hugoniot of materials for which the Gruneisen relation is a function of volume only. Rattler than being expressed in terms of traditional thermodynamic variables, such as volume and temperature, the relations are expressed in terms of the shock-Hugoniot behavior and of a term grouping that is related to the Gruneisen function. By so doing, a new perspective is gained on the interrelation of thermodynamic quantities along the Hugoniot, which may be of use in developing analytical equations of state. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,TD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Segletes, SB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,TD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-1287 J9 SHOCK WAVES JI Shock Waves PD DEC PY 1998 VL 8 IS 6 BP 361 EP 366 DI 10.1007/s001930050128 PG 6 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 147PN UT WOS:000077575800005 ER PT J AU Stone, MH Plisk, SS Stone, ME Schilling, BK O'Bryant, HS Pierce, KC AF Stone, MH Plisk, SS Stone, ME Schilling, BK O'Bryant, HS Pierce, KC TI Athletic performance development: Volume load - 1 set vs. Multiple sets, training velocity and training variation SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE EXERCISE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; STRENGTH; BODYBUILDERS; HYPERTROPHY; FATIGUE; SINGLE; FORCE C1 Appalachian State Univ, Biomech Lab, Boone, NC 28608 USA. Yale Univ, Athlet Dept, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. USA, Weightlifting Dev Ctr, Shreveport, LA USA. RP Stone, MH (reprint author), Appalachian State Univ, Biomech Lab, Boone, NC 28608 USA. OI Schilling, Brian/0000-0001-9047-299X NR 72 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1073-6840 J9 STRENGTH COND JI Strength Cond. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 20 IS 6 BP 22 EP 31 DI 10.1519/1073-6840(1998)020<0022:APDVLS>2.3.CO;2 PG 10 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 148MA UT WOS:000077508000006 ER PT J AU Mason, BH Haftka, RT Johnson, ER Farley, GL AF Mason, BH Haftka, RT Johnson, ER Farley, GL TI Variable complexity design of composite fuselage frames by response surface techniques SO THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE composite fuselage frames; response surface techniques; variable complexity design ID INTERLAMINAR STRESSES; DELAMINATION; INITIATION; CRITERION AB Curved frame structures are often used as part of the internal skeletal structure in aircraft. Laminated composite materials offer potential weight savings for such structures, but composite frames have different and more complex failure mechanisms than metallic frames. In particular, failure mechanisms involving interlaminar stresses are important in composite structures. Interlaminar stresses can be directly computed from three-dimensional finite element models, but the computational expense of these models is prohibitive. In this work, two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) finite element models are combined to reduce the computational expense associated with designing composite frames. A response surface design approach is used to approximate the failure response of curved composite C-section frames subjected to an axial tensile loading using a minimum number of finite element analyses. Results are presented for two examples with two and five design variables, respectively. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. USA, Vehicle Struct Directorate, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Mason, BH (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8231 J9 THIN WALL STRUCT JI Thin-Walled Struct. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 32 IS 4 BP 235 EP 261 DI 10.1016/S0263-8231(98)00016-0 PG 27 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 156EJ UT WOS:000077988200001 ER PT J AU Konig, M Sturm, M AF Konig, M Sturm, M TI Mapping snow distribution in the Alaskan Arctic using aerial photography and graphic relationships SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALPINE CATCHMENT; COVER; MODEL; SIMULATIONS AB A method is presented for mapping the end-of-winter snow distribution in the Arctic using vertical aerial photographs taken during the melt. The photos show a limited number of distinctive snowmelt patterns that arise reliably year after year. Data and results from an energy balance melt model indicate that the patterns are not caused by differential melt but instead represent areas of distinctive end-of-winter snow depth. A map of these snowmelt patterns-is thus a map of the end-of-winter snow distribution. Because wind transport of snow is common, the patterns are closely related to the topography. Rules based on this pattern-topography relationship are developed and used to map the snow cover directly from topographic maps for three areas covering similar to 220 km(2) of the Kuparuk Basin in northern Alaska. Analysis of the snow maps suggests that about 75% of the area was mapped correctly. Applicability, reliability, and limitations of this mapping approach are discussed. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. RP Konig, M (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 35 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 34 IS 12 BP 3471 EP 3483 DI 10.1029/98WR02514 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 145VV UT WOS:000077393000021 ER PT J AU Mann, RW AF Mann, RW TI Use of bone trabeculae to establish positive identification SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE physical anthropology; positive identification; X-rays; musculoskeletal system ID REMAINS AB Radiographic examination of 42 adult distal left femora and 38 proximal left tibiae revealed that no two bones were identical in the pattern and appearance of the trabeculae. In each case, a minimum of four distinct osseous features was easily visible on radiograph. The results indicate that radiolucencies and radiodensities in the distal femur and proximal tibia are valid individualizing features for establishing a positive personal identification in human remains. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Mann, RW (reprint author), USA, Cent Identificat Lab, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD NOV 30 PY 1998 VL 98 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1016/S0379-0738(98)00138-8 PG 9 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 155DX UT WOS:000077931900009 PM 10036762 ER PT J AU Zang, LY Cosma, G Gardner, H Vallyathan, V AF Zang, LY Cosma, G Gardner, H Vallyathan, V TI Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by melatonin SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS LA English DT Article DE melatonin; electron paramagnetic resonance; spin trapping; superoxide radical; hydroxyl radical; singlet oxygen; hydrogen peroxide ID QUENCHING SINGLET OXYGEN; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; FREE-RADICAL SCAVENGER; IN-VITRO; NEUROHORMONE MELATONIN; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; BRAIN-REGIONS; ANTIOXIDANT; SUPEROXIDE AB The direct effects of the neurohormone melatonin on reactive oxygen species (ROS) were investigated. Melatonin was found to inhibit DMPO-O-2(-) formation in a dose-dependent manner. At the level of 1.7 +/- 0.07 mM, melatonin caused 50% inhibition of EPR signal intensity of DMPO-O-2(-) during the reaction of xanthine and xanthine oxidase. The reaction rate constant of melatonin with O-2(.-) was found to be 1.25 +/- 0.07 x 10(3) M-1 s(-1). However, melatonin (up to 1.2 mM) did not exhibit significant effect toward (OH)-O-. radical, produced by the Fenton reaction. In addition, we found no evidence for the formation of the melatonin indolyl cation radical that presumably precedes conversion of melatonin to its stable N-1-acetyl-N-2-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK) metabolite following sequential reactions of melatonin with O-2(.-) and (OH)-O-.. On the other hand, melatonin was capable of scavenging H2O2 in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 = 0.5 +/- 0.02 mM. The reaction rate constant of melatonin with H2O2 was found to be 2.52 +/- 0.19 x 10(5) M-1 s(-1). Furthermore, melatonin was also found to inhibit O-1(2)-dependent 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine oxide (TEMPO) radical formation during rose bengal photodynamic reaction. The results suggest that melatonin's antioxidant properties, in part, may involve a direct effect on scavenging of ROS. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Zang, LY (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM laz7@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 123 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4165 J9 BBA-GEN SUBJECTS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gen. Subj. PD NOV 27 PY 1998 VL 1425 IS 3 BP 469 EP 477 DI 10.1016/S0304-4165(98)00099-3 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 152MR UT WOS:000077781800003 PM 9838210 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Tornquist, SJ Gerros, TC Topper, MJ Dubey, JP AF Hamir, AN Tornquist, SJ Gerros, TC Topper, MJ Dubey, JP TI Neospora caninum associated equine protozoal myeloencephalitis SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neosporosis; horse; myeloencephalitis; Neospora caninum ID SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; TISSUE-SECTIONS AB Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) was clinically diagnosed in a 20-year-old horse with severe ataxia, The cerebrospinal fluid was positive for Sarcocystis neurona antibodies by western blot. The horse was administered corticosteroids to facilitate in vitro culture of S. neurona from its spinal cord following necropsy, Microscopic lesions of EPM were present in the brain and in the spinal cord, including multifocal inflammatory cellular infiltrates and several large groups of protozoa. Immunohistochemical, and light and electron microscopic examinations revealed that the protozoa were Neospora caninum and not S. neurona. The protozoa divided by endodyogeny, tachyzoites had rhoptries, and organisms reacted specifically to N. caninum antibodies. Veterinarians should be aware of increasing diagnosis of N. caninum as another etiological agent responsible for the lesions of EPM. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. AU rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 12 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 27 PY 1998 VL 79 IS 4 BP 269 EP 274 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(98)00178-2 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 138WF UT WOS:000076995800001 PM 9831950 ER PT J AU Simcic, KJ Moreno, AJ AF Simcic, KJ Moreno, AJ TI Tumors of the pituitary, pancreas, and parathyroid glands in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. RP Simcic, KJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 26 PY 1998 VL 339 IS 22 BP 1602 EP 1602 DI 10.1056/NEJM199811263392205 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 141ZU UT WOS:000077176100005 PM 9828248 ER PT J AU Wagner, GW MacIver, BK AF Wagner, GW MacIver, BK TI Degradation and fate of mustard in soil as determined by C-13 MAS NMR SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID 2-CHLOROETHYL SULFIDES; HYDROLYSIS AB The environmental fate of chemical warfare agents is a current concern, and the notorious persistency of mustard in soil is well-known. The current study utilizes C-13 MAS NMR as an in situ method to study the behavior of mustard, and the common simulants 2-chloroethyl methyl sulfide (CEMS) and 2-chloroethyl phenyl sulfide (CEPS), in a sandy loam soil. Spreading of these water-insoluble liquids and surface sorption on the dry soil particles is observable, as is the recoalescence of liquid droplets and/or hydrolysis in the presence of added water. The relative hydrolysis rates are in agreement with those observed in solution. GEMS, possessing the shortest aqueous half-life, hydrolyzes without droplet reformation. But mustard and CEPS, possessing much longer aqueous half-lives, do not substantially hydrolyze prior to droplet reformation. For mustard, this behavior is crucial to its longevity in soil. Hydrolysis of CEMS and CEPS in the sandy loam soil yields predominately their corresponding alcohols, with some ether formation for the latter. Mustard hydrolysis in the sandy loam soil results in the nearly exclusive formation of the branched sulfonium ion HOCH2CH2SCH2CH2S+(CH2CH2OH)(2) (CH-TG). A simple model based on droplet size is presented to explain the persistency of mustard in soil. C1 Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Wagner, GW (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Box 68, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 16 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 24 PY 1998 VL 14 IS 24 BP 6930 EP 6934 DI 10.1021/la9805037 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 142EZ UT WOS:000077188100023 ER PT J AU O'Malley, PG Jackson, JL Kroenke, K Yoon, IK Hornstein, E Dennis, GJ AF O'Malley, PG Jackson, JL Kroenke, K Yoon, IK Hornstein, E Dennis, GJ TI The value of screening for psychiatric disorders in rheumatology referrals SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN; CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME; LOW-BACK-PAIN; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; PRIMARY-CARE; SOMATIC SYMPTOMS; FOLLOW-UP; FIBROMYALGIA; PREVALENCE; PREDICTORS AB Background: Musculoskeletal complaints are common and often unexplained and often lead to rheumatology referrals. The prevalence of psychiatric disease in patients with musculoskeletal complaints is unknown. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of common psychiatric disorders among patients referred to a rheumatology clinic and the likelihood of establishing a rheumatic diagnosis if a psychiatric disorder is present. Design: Prospective diagnostic survey. Setting: Two hospital-based rheumatology clinics and a general medicine clinic. Participants: A consecutive sample of newly referred patients (n = 185) and their rheumatologists (n = 9). Intervention: Before their visit, all patients filled out a self-administered version of PRIME-MD (Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders), a questionnaire that makes Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition: Primary Cave Version, diagnoses of depressive, anxiety, and somatoform disorders. After the visit, the study rheumatologists, who were unaware of the PRIME-MD results, completed a questionnaire regarding their diagnostic assessment. These patients were compared with 210 patients with musculoskeletal complaints who were cared for in a general medicine clinic. Main Outcome Measures: Psychiatric and rheumatic disorders. Results: Compared with patients with musculoskeletal complaints in a general medicine clinic, patients referred to a rheumatology clinic had a higher prevalence of psychiatric disease (40% vs 29%; P = .008), had an almost 2-fold higher prevalence of anxiety disorders, and were more likely to have multiple psychiatric disorders (odds ratio = 2.70, 95% confidence interval = 1.50-5.00). The likelihood of a psychiatric disorder differed among patients with connective tissue disease, nonsystemic articular or periarticular disorders, and nonarticular disorders (27%, 38%, 55%, respectively; P = .006). In a best-fitting logistic regression model, psychiatric disorders markedly decreased the likelihood of a connective tissue disease (odds ratio = 0.24, 95% confidence interval = 0.09-0.62). Conclusions: Forty percent of patients referred to a rheumatology clinic in this study had a psychiatric disorder, and its presence predicted a lower likelihood of a connective tissue disease. Prospective studies are needed to determine if screening for psychiatric disease before referring patients with unexplained musculoskeletal complaints would reduce costs or improve recognition of potentially treatable psychiatric disorders. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med EDP, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Gen Internal Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. 121st Hosp, Seoul, South Korea. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP O'Malley, PG (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med EDP, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM pgomalley@msn.com NR 39 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD NOV 23 PY 1998 VL 158 IS 21 BP 2357 EP 2362 DI 10.1001/archinte.158.21.2357 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 139TK UT WOS:000077045600008 PM 9827787 ER PT J AU Wright, JB White, WE AF Wright, JB White, WE TI A neutral gas phase mechanism for the reaction of methanol with dimethylphosphinic fluoride SO THEOCHEM-JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Current Trends in Computational Chemistry (CCTCC) CY NOV, 1997 CL VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI DE dimethylphosphinic fluoride; Ab initio; reaction pathway; energy barriers; transition states AB A neutral gas phase reaction pathway for the reaction of methanol with dimethylphosphinic fluoride is presented. This reaction pathway occurs via a proton transfer from methanol to the fluorine leaving group through the phosphinyl oxygen. Gas phase ab initio level calculations at the RHF/6-31G(d), RHF/6-31G(d,p), B3LYP/6-31+G(2d), and B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,p) level of theories were used to follow the complete pathway for this reaction. A 41.2 and a 30.9 kcal/mol gas phase energy barrier was determined for both the RHF/6-31G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,p) levels of theory, respectively. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, SCBRD RTC, Aberdeen, MD 21010 USA. RP Wright, JB (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, SCBRD RTC, Bldg E-3160,Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, MD 21010 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 THEOCHEM-J MOL STRUC JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD NOV 23 PY 1998 VL 454 IS 2-3 BP 259 EP 265 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(98)90295-0 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 146QU UT WOS:000077442500016 ER PT J AU O'Brien, SG Tofsted, DH AF O'Brien, SG Tofsted, DH TI Physics-based visualization of dense natural clouds. II. Cloud-rendering algorithm SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SIMULATIONS; MODEL AB We discuss the representation of aerosol-scattering properties, boundary information, and the use of these results in line-of-sight rendering applications for visualization of a modeled atmosphere based on a discrete ordinates three-dimensional radiative-transport method. The outputs of the radiative-transfer model provide spatial and angular distributions of limiting path radiance, given an input density distribution and external illumination conditions. We discuss the determination of the direct attenuated radiance, integrated path radiance, and background radiance for each pixel in the rendered scene. Orthographic and perspective projection approaches for displaying these results are described, and sample images are shown. OCIS codes: 010.1290, 010.1300, 010.1310, 280.1310, 290.1090, 290.4020, 010.1320. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Phys Sci Lab, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. RP O'Brien, SG (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Phys Sci Lab, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 20 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 33 BP 7680 EP 7688 DI 10.1364/AO.37.007680 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 138ZQ UT WOS:000077003300004 PM 18301604 ER PT J AU Tofsted, DH O'Brien, SG AF Tofsted, DH O'Brien, SG TI Physics-based visualization of dense natural clouds. I. Three-dimensional discrete ordinates radiative transfer SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; APPROXIMATION; MEDIA; FLUX; ATMOSPHERES; GEOMETRY; FIELD AB A technique is developed to model radiative transfer in three-dimensional natural clouds with a standard discrete ordinates finite-element method modified to evaluate cell-surface-averaged radiances. A log-least-squares-based scale transformation is used to improve the discrete phase-function model. We handle dense media by assuming constant diffuse radiances over input faces to cubic cells, allowing analytical forms for transmittance factors. Transmission equations are combined with diffuse volumetric single-scattering calculations to support evaluations of cell energy balance. Energy not accounted for volumetrically is treated with surface-based effects. Results produced show accurate flux computations at over 30 optical depths per modeled cell. Comparisons with nonuniform cloud Monte Carlo calculations show less than 1% rms error and correlations greater than 0.999 for cases in which cloud-density fluctuations are resolved. OCIS codes: 010.1300, 010.1310, 010.1320, 010.1110, 290.1090. C1 USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Phys Sci Lab, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Tofsted, DH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. EM dtofsted@arl.mil; sobrien@psl.nmsu.edu NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 20 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 33 BP 7718 EP 7728 DI 10.1364/AO.37.007718 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 138ZQ UT WOS:000077003300009 PM 18301609 ER PT J AU Pendleton, JD Rosen, DL AF Pendleton, JD Rosen, DL TI Light scattering from an optically active sphere into a circular aperture SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; CYLINDER AB To show how apertures affect measurements of the circularly polarized components of light scattered to a detector, we develop two methods of averaging the V and I Stokes parameters over a circular aperture that collects light scattered from an optically active sphere. One method uses a two-dimensional numerical integration that is appropriate for small apertures, and the other gives analytical expressions for scattering into a solid angle of any size. We identify the aperture locations that, independent of aperture size, give an average V land an effective degree of circular polarization) of zero for scattering from an optically inactive sphere and of nonzero for scattering from an optically active sphere. OCIS codes: 010.1110, 260.2110, 260.5430, 290.0290, 290.4020. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, IS,EO, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Pendleton, JD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, IS,EO, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 20 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 33 BP 7897 EP 7905 DI 10.1364/AO.37.007897 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 138ZQ UT WOS:000077003300031 PM 18301631 ER PT J AU Pitzer, KK Werbovetz, KA Brendle, JJ Scovill, JP AF Pitzer, KK Werbovetz, KA Brendle, JJ Scovill, JP TI Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzotrifluoride analogues as antileishmanial agents SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; INHIBITION; INVITRO; TRIFLURALIN; HERBICIDES; DONOVANI; TUBULIN; DRUGS AB Desnitro analogues of 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzotrifluoride (chloralin) (2), an in vitro microtubule inhibitor of several Leishmania species, have been synthesized from 2-halo-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonyl chlorides 4 and 5. The analogues exhibited moderate to excellent activity when tested against Leishmania donovani amastigotes in vitro. Two representative compounds, 7f and 8, were tested against the Khartoum strain of L. donovani in a hamster model using chloralin (2) and Glucantime (one of the current therapeutics of choice in the treatment of Leishmania) as standards, the results of which will be discussed herein. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Med Chem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Pitzer, KK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Med Chem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM CPT_Kevin_Pitzer@wrsmtp-ccmail.army.mil RI Werbovetz, Karl/E-4290-2011 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD NOV 19 PY 1998 VL 41 IS 24 BP 4885 EP 4889 DI 10.1021/jm9804073 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 141AM UT WOS:000077120500021 PM 9822557 ER PT J AU Yan, SL Xie, YY Wu, JZ Aytug, T Gapud, AA Kang, BW Fang, L He, M Tidrow, SC Kirchner, KW Liu, JR Chu, WK AF Yan, SL Xie, YY Wu, JZ Aytug, T Gapud, AA Kang, BW Fang, L He, M Tidrow, SC Kirchner, KW Liu, JR Chu, WK TI High critical current density in epitaxial HgBa2CaCu2Ox thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; GROWTH AB High quality superconducting HgBa2CaCu2Ox (Hg-1212) thin films have been reproducibly fabricated using cation-exchange method. The thin films have pure Hg-1212 phase and have smooth surface morphology. The superconducting transition temperatures of these films are in the range of 120-124 K. The critical current density J(c) is up to 3.2 x 10(6) A/cm(2) at 77 K and drops only by a factor of 2 at 100 K and self field. At 110 K, a J(c) of 7.8 x 10(5) A/cm(2) has been obtained. X- ray diffraction pole figures show that these films are epitaxially grown on LaAlO3(001) substrates, which is consistent with a chi(min) of 19% obtained using Rutherford backscattering/channeling analysis. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)03046-0]. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Nankai Univ, Dept Elect, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Yan, SL (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RI He, Ming/C-5102-2008; Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013; OI Gapud, Albert/0000-0001-9048-9230 NR 16 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 20 BP 2989 EP 2991 DI 10.1063/1.122653 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 136FW UT WOS:000076848700045 ER PT J AU Belkaid, Y Kamhawi, S Modi, G Valenzuela, J Noben-Trauth, N Rowton, E Ribeiro, J Sacks, DL AF Belkaid, Y Kamhawi, S Modi, G Valenzuela, J Noben-Trauth, N Rowton, E Ribeiro, J Sacks, DL TI Development of a natural model of cutaneous leishmaniasis: Powerful effects of vector saliva and saliva preexposure on the long-term outcome of Leishmania major infection in the mouse ear dermis SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Leishmania major; sand flies; saliva; skin; cytokines ID DELTA T-CELLS; IXODES-RICINUS TICKS; SAND FLY SALIVA; BALB/C MICE; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; IFN-GAMMA; IN-VIVO; SKIN; EXPRESSION AB We have developed a model of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major that seeks to mimic the natural conditions of infection. 1,000 metacyclic promastigotes were coinoculated with a salivary gland sonicate (SGS) obtained from a natural vector, Phlebotomus payatasii, into the ear dermis of naive mice or of mice preexposed to SGS. The studies reveal a dramatic exacerbating effect of SGS on lesion development in the dermal site, and a complete abrogation of this effect in mice preexposed to salivary components. In both BALB/c and C57B1/6 (B/6) mice, the dermal lesions appeared earlier, were more destructive, and contained greater numbers of parasites after infection ill the presence of SGS. Furthermore, coinoculation of SGS converted B/6 mice into a nonhealing phenotype. No effect of SGS was seen in either IL-4-deficient or in SCID mice. Disease exacerbation in both BALB/c and B/6 mice was associated with an early (6 h) increase in the frequency of epidermal cells producing type 2 cytokines. SGS did not elicit type 2 cytokines in the epidermis of mice previously injected with SGS. These mice made antisaliva antibodies that were able to neutralize the ability of SGS to enhance infection and to elicit IL-4 and IL-5 responses in the epidermis. These results are the first to suggest that for individuals at risk of vector-borne infections, history of exposure to vector saliva, might influence the outcome of exposure to transmitted parasites. C1 NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Sacks, DL (reprint author), NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bldg 4,Rm 126,Ctr Dr,MSC 0425, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Rowton, Edgar/A-1975-2011; Rowton, Edgar/A-4474-2012; OI Rowton, Edgar/0000-0002-1979-1485; Ribeiro, Jose/0000-0002-9107-0818 NR 42 TC 269 Z9 275 U1 3 U2 6 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD NOV 16 PY 1998 VL 188 IS 10 BP 1941 EP 1953 DI 10.1084/jem.188.10.1941 PG 13 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 141FL UT WOS:000077132100018 PM 9815271 ER PT J AU Coleman, T Bradley, M Bowden, R Ayala, E Hensley, R Anderson, D AF Coleman, T Bradley, M Bowden, R Ayala, E Hensley, R Anderson, D TI L-selectin (CD62L) as a measure of viability during prolonged neutrophil (PMN) storage. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Div Hematol, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall Med Ctr, Div Pathol, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1998 VL 92 IS 10 SU 1 MA 3161 BP 43B EP 43B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 141AX UT WOS:000077121400176 ER PT J AU Krishnamurti, C Maglasang, P Rothwell, SW AF Krishnamurti, C Maglasang, P Rothwell, SW TI Reduction of blood loss from a kidney injury by infusion of human platelets into rabbits. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Hematol & Vasc Biol, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1998 VL 92 IS 10 SU 1 MA 188 BP 47A EP 47A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 141AW UT WOS:000077121300185 ER PT J AU Reid, TJ Cutting, MA Clear, M Snider, RL AF Reid, TJ Cutting, MA Clear, M Snider, RL TI Inhibition of platelet function by nitric oxide (NO): Kinetics of NO generation is the same in plasma and buffer SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Hematol & Vasc Biol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1998 VL 92 IS 10 SU 1 MA 3288 BP 72B EP 72B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 141AX UT WOS:000077121400304 ER PT J AU Rothwell, SW Krishanmurti, C AF Rothwell, SW Krishanmurti, C TI Fluorescent measurement of the stimulated release of platelet granule contents from dense granules compared to alpha granules. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1998 VL 92 IS 10 SU 1 MA 3290 BP 72B EP 72B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 141AX UT WOS:000077121400306 ER PT J AU Shinn, C Byrd, JC Raji, R Willis, CW Flinn, IW Dawson, NA Sausville, E Grever, MR AF Shinn, C Byrd, JC Raji, R Willis, CW Flinn, IW Dawson, NA Sausville, E Grever, MR TI Depsipeptide is selectively cytotoxic toward human chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and favorably alters the bcl-2 : bax ratio and p27 expression with concomitant cleavage of caspase-3. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Div Hematol Malignancies, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1998 VL 92 IS 10 SU 1 MA 422 BP 103A EP 103A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 141AW UT WOS:000077121300419 ER PT J AU Flinn, IW Byrd, JC Morrison, C Jamison, J Miller, C Christie, RJ Gore, S Burke, P Vogelsang, G Grever, MR AF Flinn, IW Byrd, JC Morrison, C Jamison, J Miller, C Christie, RJ Gore, S Burke, P Vogelsang, G Grever, MR TI Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide: A highly active and well tolerated regimen for patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1998 VL 92 IS 10 SU 1 MA 424 BP 104A EP 104A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 141AW UT WOS:000077121300421 ER PT J AU Byrd, JC White, CA Link, B Thomas, S Valasquez, WS Rosenberg, J Grillo-Lopez, AJ AF Byrd, JC White, CA Link, B Thomas, S Valasquez, WS Rosenberg, J Grillo-Lopez, AJ TI Rituximab therapy in previously treated Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: Preliminary evidence of activity. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Idec Pharmaceut Corp, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. Univ Texas, Galveston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1998 VL 92 IS 10 SU 1 MA 433 BP 106A EP 106A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 141AW UT WOS:000077121300429 ER PT J AU Byrd, JC Waselenko, JK Maneatis, TA Murphy, T Weickum, R Ward, FT White, CA AF Byrd, JC Waselenko, JK Maneatis, TA Murphy, T Weickum, R Ward, FT White, CA TI Rituximab therapy in hematologic malignancy patients with circulating blood tumor cells: Association with increased infusion-related side effects and rapid tumor lysis. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Idec Pharmaceut Corp, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1998 VL 92 IS 10 SU 1 MA 432 BP 106A EP 106A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 141AW UT WOS:000077121300428 ER PT J AU Akpek, G Knight, RD Wright, DG AF Akpek, G Knight, RD Wright, DG TI Oral mucosal neutrophil measurements provide an accurate, non-invasive method for detecting the onset and resolution of profound neutropenia in patients treated with high dose, myelosuppressive chemotherapy. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Div Hematol, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Div Oncol, Boston, MA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1998 VL 92 IS 10 SU 1 MA 529 BP 131A EP 131A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 141AW UT WOS:000077121300525 ER PT J AU Prieto, R Waselenko, JK Johnson, TR Olivere, JW Natarajan, S Byrd, JC AF Prieto, R Waselenko, JK Johnson, TR Olivere, JW Natarajan, S Byrd, JC TI Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) associated primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) arising in a patient after fludarabine and corticosteroid treatment. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1998 VL 92 IS 10 SU 1 MA 3980 BP 228B EP 229B PN 2 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 141AX UT WOS:000077121401000 ER PT J AU Flinn, IW Goodman, S Post, L Jamison, J Miller, CB Gore, S Diehl, L Willis, C Ambinder, RF Byrd, JC AF Flinn, IW Goodman, S Post, L Jamison, J Miller, CB Gore, S Diehl, L Willis, C Ambinder, RF Byrd, JC TI Liposomal daunorubicin and CVP: A well tolerated regimen for lymphoma with little non-hematologic toxicity. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1998 VL 92 IS 10 SU 1 MA 4011 BP 236B EP 236B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 141AX UT WOS:000077121401031 ER PT J AU Flynn, JM Dawson, NA Howard, RS Byrd, JC AF Flynn, JM Dawson, NA Howard, RS Byrd, JC TI Secondary malignancies in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): Type and optimal time to monitor patients. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1998 VL 92 IS 10 SU 1 MA 4135 BP 263B EP 263B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 141AX UT WOS:000077121401158 ER PT J AU Myhand, R Babior, BM Fields, V Reeb, B Smith, D AF Myhand, R Babior, BM Fields, V Reeb, B Smith, D TI Storage of stem cells in modified fluid gelatin (MFG) reduces mucositis in patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving high-dose chemotherapy SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol & Expt Med, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Bone Transplant Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1998 VL 92 IS 10 SU 1 MA 1128 BP 275A EP 275A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 141AW UT WOS:000077121301121 ER PT J AU Myhand, R Vukelja, S Coleman, T Waselenko, J Deleon, M Caton, J AF Myhand, R Vukelja, S Coleman, T Waselenko, J Deleon, M Caton, J TI Infusional paclitaxel induces rapid liver transaminase elevations in patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving paclitaxel, cisplatin and cyclophosphamide (PCC) with autologous peripheral blood stem cell support (PBSCS) SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Bone Marrow Transplantat Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. Tyler Canc Ctr, Tyler, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1998 VL 92 IS 10 SU 1 MA 1129 BP 275A EP 275A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 141AW UT WOS:000077121301122 ER PT J AU Hong, G Coleman, T Ayala, E AF Hong, G Coleman, T Ayala, E TI The role of soluble L selectin (sL-selectin) in predicting neutrophil engraftment following autologous PBSCT. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Div Hematol, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1998 VL 92 IS 10 SU 1 MA 4576 BP 366B EP 366B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 141AX UT WOS:000077121401602 ER PT J AU Flinn, IW Byrd, JC Morrison, C Jamison, J Diehl, L Lucas, MS Seifter, E Marcellus, D Ambinder, RF Grever, MR Vogelsang, G AF Flinn, IW Byrd, JC Morrison, C Jamison, J Diehl, L Lucas, MS Seifter, E Marcellus, D Ambinder, RF Grever, MR Vogelsang, G TI Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide: A highly active and well tolerated regimen for patients with previously untreated indolent lymphomas. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1998 VL 92 IS 10 SU 1 MA 1706 BP 413A EP 413A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 141AW UT WOS:000077121301697 ER PT J AU Byrd, JC Shinn, CA Kanakry, C Ravi, R Willis, CW Drabick, JJ Sausville, E Grever, MR AF Byrd, JC Shinn, CA Kanakry, C Ravi, R Willis, CW Drabick, JJ Sausville, E Grever, MR TI Spicamycin derivative KRN5500 has marked in vitro activity against human B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells concomitent with decreased expression of p27(kip1) and cleavage of caspase-3. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NCI, Dev Therapeut Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Div Hematol Malignancy, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1998 VL 92 IS 10 SU 1 MA 2023 BP 491A EP 491A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 141AW UT WOS:000077121302013 ER PT J AU Gorogias, M Esteban, G Clear, ML Davies, L Shea, S Reid, TJ AF Gorogias, M Esteban, G Clear, ML Davies, L Shea, S Reid, TJ TI Maintenance of platelet membrane integrity and function at 4 degrees C with EGTA/AM and cytochalasin B. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Hematol & Vasc Biol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1998 VL 92 IS 10 SU 1 MA 2326 BP 566A EP 566A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 141AW UT WOS:000077121302313 ER PT J AU Reid, TJ Esteban, G Clear, M Gorogias, M AF Reid, TJ Esteban, G Clear, M Gorogias, M TI Platelet induced clot retraction and clot strength in fresh and stored platelets. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Med, Dept Hematol & Vasc Biol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1998 VL 92 IS 10 SU 1 MA 2327 BP 566A EP 566A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 141AW UT WOS:000077121302314 ER PT J AU Straus, D Redden, D Hamzeh, F Scadden, D Kaplan, L Ambinder, R Levine, A Harrington, W Grochow, L Flexner, C Tan, B Ratner, L AF Straus, D Redden, D Hamzeh, F Scadden, D Kaplan, L Ambinder, R Levine, A Harrington, W Grochow, L Flexner, C Tan, B Ratner, L TI Excessive toxicity is not seen with low-dose chemotherapy for HIV-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma (HIV-NHL) in combination with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AMC, Birmingham, AL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1998 VL 92 IS 10 SU 1 MA 2575 BP 624A EP 625A PN 1 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 141AW UT WOS:000077121302562 ER PT J AU Byrd, JC Shinn, C Waselenko, JK Fuchs, EJ Lehman, TA Nguyen, PL Flinn, IW Diehl, LF Sausville, E Grever, MR AF Byrd, JC Shinn, C Waselenko, JK Fuchs, EJ Lehman, TA Nguyen, PL Flinn, IW Diehl, LF Sausville, E Grever, MR TI Flavopiridol induces apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells via activation of caspase-3 without evidence of bcl-2 modulation or dependence on functional p53 SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CARCINOMA CELLS; DRUG-RESISTANCE; GENE MUTATION; CYTOCHROME-C; IN-VITRO; EXPRESSION; SURVIVAL; ARREST; KINASE; CHEMOTHERAPY AB Flavopiridol has been reported to induce apoptosis in lymphoid cell lines via downregulation of bcl-2. The in vitro activity of flavopiridol against human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells and potential mechanisms of action for inducing cytotoxicity were studied. The in vitro viability of mononuclear cells from CLL patients (n = Il)was reduced by 50% at 4 hours, 24 hours, and 4 days at a flavopiridol concentration of 1.15 mu mol/L (95% confidence interval [CI] +/-0.31). 0.18 mu mol/L (95% Cl +/-0.04), and 0.16 mu mol/L (95% CI +/-0.04), respectively. Loss of viability in human CLL cells correlated with early induction of apoptosis. Exposure of CLL cells to 0.18 mu mol/L of flavopiridol resulted in both decreased expression of p53 protein and cleavage of the caspase-3 zymogen 32-kD protein with the appearance of its 20-kD subunit. Contrasting observations of others in tumor cell lines, flavopiridol cytotoxicity in CLL cells did not correlate with changes in bcl-2 protein expression alterations. We evaluated flavopiridol's dependence on intact 953 by exposing splenocytes from wild-type (p53(+/+)) and p53 null (p53(-/-)) mice that demonstrated no preferential cytotoxicity as compared with a marked differential with F-ara-a and radiation. Incubation of CLL cells with antiapoptotic cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) did not alter the LC50 Of flavopiridol. as compared with a marked elevation noted with F-ara-a in the majority of patients tested. These data demonstrate that flavopiridol has significant in vitro activity against human CLL cells through activation of caspase-3, which appears to occur independently of bcl-2 modulation, the presence of IL-4, or 953 status. Such findings strongly support the early introduction of flavopiridol into clinical trials for patients with B-CLL. (C) 1998 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Div Hematol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Div Hematol Malignancies, Baltimore, MD USA. Biotechnol Ltd, Laurel, MD USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NCI, Dev Therapeut Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Byrd, JC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Div Hematol Oncol, Ward 78, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 33 TC 227 Z9 230 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1998 VL 92 IS 10 BP 3804 EP 3816 PG 13 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 138GB UT WOS:000076962500035 PM 9808574 ER PT J AU Sehgal, D Schiaffella, E Anderson, AO Mage, RG AF Sehgal, D Schiaffella, E Anderson, AO Mage, RG TI Analyses of single B cells by polymerase chain reaction reveal rearranged V-H with germline sequences in spleens of immunized adult rabbits: Implications for B cell repertoire maintenance and renewal SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GERMINAL-CENTERS; HEAVY-CHAIN; LYMPHOCYTE PRECURSORS; GENE CONVERSION; VARIABLE GENES; REGION; MOUSE; GENERATION; DIVERSITY; CHICKEN AB We used PCR to amplify rearranged V(H)DJ(H) genes in single cells collected by micromanipulation from splenic germinal centers of immunized adult rabbits, In the course of the study, the objective of which was to analyze diversification of rearranged V(H)DJ(H) sequences, we were surprised to find cells 7 and 10 days after immunization with rearranged V(H)1a2 as well as a-negative (y33 and x32) sequences that were identical or close to germline (10 or fewer changes). About 58% (82/140) of the sequences had unique CDR3 regions and were unrelated. In seven different germinal centers, we found one to four different clones with two to seven members. Clonally related cells underwent diversification by hypermutation and gene conversion. We found that contrary to published reports, adult rabbits indeed have newly diversifying B cell receptors in splenic germinal centers. The attractive idea that the rabbit, like the chicken, develops its B cell repertoire early in life and depends upon self-renewing cells in the periphery to maintain its B lymphocyte pool throughout life, is challenged by the current finding. Although a major population of B lymphocytes may be generated early in life, diversified extensively, and maintained by self-renewal in the periphery, some sources of cells with sequences close to germline do exist in adult rabbits and appear in the developing germinal centers. Although considerable repertoire diversity is generated in young rabbits, mechanisms for continued generation of B cell receptor diversity are retained in adult life, where they may confer survival advantage. C1 NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Mage, RG (reprint author), NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bldg 10,Room 11N311,10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1892, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 51 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD NOV 15 PY 1998 VL 161 IS 10 BP 5347 EP 5356 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 137MT UT WOS:000076919100033 PM 9820508 ER PT J AU Bao, W Broholm, C Aeppli, G Carter, SA Dai, P Rosenbaum, TF Honig, JM Metcalf, P Trevino, SF AF Bao, W Broholm, C Aeppli, G Carter, SA Dai, P Rosenbaum, TF Honig, JM Metcalf, P Trevino, SF TI Magnetic correlations and quantum criticality in the insulating antiferromagnetic, insulating spin liquid, renormalized Fermi liquid, and metallic antiferromagnetic phases of the Mott system V2O3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Review ID CR-DOPED V2O3; HUBBARD-MODEL; ITINERANT ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS; INFINITE DIMENSIONS; HIGH-PRESSURE; DENSITY-WAVE; NORMAL STATE; TRANSITION AB Magnetic correlations in all four phases of pure and doped vanadium sesquioxide (V2O3) have been examined by magnetic thermal-neutron scattering. Specifically, we have studied the antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases of metallic V2-yO3, the antiferromagnetic insulating and paramagnetic metallic phases of stoichiometric V2O3, and the antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases of insulating V1.944Cr0.056O3. While the antiferromagnetic insulator can be accounted for by a localized Heisenberg spin model, the long-range order in the antiferromagnetic metal is an incommensurate spin-density wave, resulting from a Fermi surface nesting instability. Spin dynamics in the strongly correlated metal are dominated by spin fluctuations with a "single lobe'' spectrum in the Stoner electron-hole continuum. Furthermore, our results in metallic V2O3 represent an unprecedentedly complete characterization of the spin fluctuations near a metallic quantum critical point, and provide quantitative support for the self-consistent renormalization theory for itinerant antiferromagnets in the small moment limit. Dynamic magnetic correlations for (h) over bar omega3.0.CO;2-M PG 8 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 136HG UT WOS:000076852900006 PM 9821494 ER PT J AU Isenbarger, DW Bodhidatta, L Hoge, CW Nirdnoy, W Pitarangsi, C Umpawasiri, U Echeverria, P AF Isenbarger, DW Bodhidatta, L Hoge, CW Nirdnoy, W Pitarangsi, C Umpawasiri, U Echeverria, P TI Prospective study of the incidence of diarrheal disease and Helicobacter pylori infection among children in an orphanage in Thailand SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRY; PEPTIC-ULCER; GASTRITIS; SEROPREVALENCE AB To evaluate the hypothesis that gastric infection with Helicobacter pylori increases risk for diarrheal disease in children, we conducted a yearlong prospective study among 160 orphanage children < 5 years of age in Nonthaburi, Thailand. Serum samples collected at six-month intervals were examined by ELISA for antibodies to H. pylori, and children were followed daily for the development of diarrhea. Seven percent of children were seropositive on enrollment, 59% were seronegative, and 34% were indeterminate. Among the seronegative children, seroconversion occurred at a rate of 7% per six months. Forty-six percent of children developed 214 total episodes of diarrhea. By age group, children < 18 months, 18-24 months and > 24 months of age experienced 2.6, 1.1, and 0.2 mean diarrhea episodes per six months. The incidence of diarrhea was not significantly different between children by Pi. pylori serostatus, We conclude that Pi pylori infection was not associated with an increased risk of diarrheal disease. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Bacteriol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Rangsit Babies Home, Pathumthani, Thailand. RP Isenbarger, DW (reprint author), USAMC, AFRIMS, Dept Bacteriol, APO, AP 96546 USA. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 59 IS 5 BP 796 EP 800 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 141JL UT WOS:000077140000024 PM 9840601 ER PT J AU Barr, DR Glen, MAG Graf, HF AF Barr, DR Glen, MAG Graf, HF TI The "straightforward" nature of arrival rate estimation? SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN LA English DT Article DE maximum likelihood estimator; Poisson process; sampling plan AB How one estimates the parameter in a Poisson process depends critically on the rule used to terminate the sampling period. For observation until the kth arrival, or observation until time t, well-known maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) can be used, although they can be seriously biased if the sampling period is such that the expected number of arrivals is small. If one uses a stopping rule such as "observe until the kth arrival or time t," the form of the MLE becomes more complex. In the latter case, it appears a simple ad-hoc estimator outperforms its MLE competitor. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Mitre Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Barr, DR (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0003-1305 J9 AM STAT JI Am. Stat. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 52 IS 4 BP 346 EP 350 DI 10.2307/2685439 PG 5 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 136HN UT WOS:000076853500011 ER PT J AU North, JH McPhee, M Arredondo, M Edge, SB AF North, JH McPhee, M Arredondo, M Edge, SB TI Sarcoma of the breast: Implications of the extent of local therapy SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article AB Although the majority of breast neoplasms will be of epithelial origin, tumors of the stromal elements of the breast may occur. A retrospective review of the medical records and tumor registry data of 25 patients with breast sarcoma treated at Roswell Park Cancer Institute from 1964 to 1995 was performed. There were 24 females and 1 male, with a median age of 55 years. Delay in seeking medical attention was common. Angiosarcoma was the most common histologic type of breast sarcoma (n = 10). Mastectomy was the predominant form of local therapy (21 patients). Overall survival was 61 per cent at 5 years and 36 per cent at 10 years. There was no difference in survival or local control rates for those patients treated with local excision when compared with patients treated with mastectomy. Sarcoma is an unusual form of breast tumor. Survival and local control are similar when comparing local excision and mastectomy. When local excision is performed, attention must be directed to achieving clear margins of resection. The benefit of adjuvant therapy remains undefined. C1 Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Breast Surg, Div Surg Oncol, Buffalo, NY USA. RP North, JH (reprint author), Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 64 IS 11 BP 1059 EP 1061 PG 3 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 131XU UT WOS:000076601200009 PM 9798768 ER PT J AU Nguyen, AC Kost, E Framstad, M AF Nguyen, AC Kost, E Framstad, M TI Indigo carmine-induced severe hypotension SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Article C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg Anesthesia & Operat Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Nguyen, AC (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg Anesthesia & Operat Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1194 EP 1195 DI 10.1097/00000539-199811000-00040 PG 2 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 133NH UT WOS:000076692300040 PM 9806707 ER PT J AU Zaucha, GM Pitt, MLM Estep, J Ivins, BE Friedlander, AM AF Zaucha, GM Pitt, MLM Estep, J Ivins, BE Friedlander, AM TI The pathology of experimental anthrax in rabbits exposed by inhalation and subcutaneous inoculation SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; GUINEA-PIGS; SPORE CHALLENGE; IMMUNIZATION; CACHECTIN; EFFICACY; MACROPHAGES; ANTIBODIES AB Objective.-Although rhesus monkeys are considered to be an appropriate model for inhalational anthrax in humans, an alternative for vaccine and therapeutic efficacy studies is desirable. This study characterized the pathology of lethal anthrax in rabbits challenged by subcutaneous inoculation and aerosol exposure. Materials and Methods.-New Zealand white rabbits were exposed by subcutaneous inoculation or aerosol to lethal doses of Bacillus anthracis spores. Results.-The pathology of anthrax in rabbits exposed by either route was similar, with principal findings occurring in the spleen, lymph nodes, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and adrenal glands. The cardinal changes were hemorrhage, edema, and necrosis, with bacilli and limited leukocytic infiltration. Features that depended on the route of exposure included mediastinitis in aerosol-exposed rabbits, a primary dermal lesion after subcutaneous inoculation, and differences in the pattern of lymph node involvement. Lesions observed in rabbits were comparable to those of inhalational anthrax in humans and rhesus monkeys. Noteworthy differences included the lack of leukocytic infiltration in brain and meningeal lesions, the relatively mild mediastinal lesions, and a lower incidence of anthrax-related pneumonia in rabbits compared with humans. These differences may be attributed to the greater susceptibility of rabbits to anthrax. Increased susceptibility is associated with both reduced leukocytic response to the bacilli and a more rapid progression to death, which further limits development of leukocytic infiltrates in response to the basic lesions of hemorrhage and necrosis. Primary pneumonic foci of inhalational anthrax, which may be influenced by preexisting pulmonary lesions in humans, were not observed in our rabbits, which were free of preexisting pulmonary disease. Conclusion.-Anthrax in rabbits may provide a useful model for evaluating prophylaxis and therapy against inhalational anthrax in humans. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Toxicol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Appl Res, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Bacteriol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Zaucha, GM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 59 TC 116 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 122 IS 11 BP 982 EP 992 PG 11 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 138QY UT WOS:000076985000009 PM 9822127 ER PT J AU McManus, AT Goodwin, CW Pruitt, BA AF McManus, AT Goodwin, CW Pruitt, BA TI Observations on the risk of resistance with the extended use of vancomycin SO ARCHIVES OF SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual Meeting of the Surgical-Infection-Society CY APR 30-MAY 02, 1998 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Surg Infect Soc ID ENTEROCOCCUS; INFECTION; BACTEREMIA AB Objective: To document the risk of the development of vancomycin-resistant bacteria in a population of seriously burned patients during a 10-year period of common vancomycin hydrochloride use. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: The US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Burn Center, Fort Sam Houston, Tex. Population and Methods: Microbiology, infection, and antibiotic use records collected during the hospitalization of 2266 consecutively admitted seriously burned patients were reviewed. Vancomycin was the primary therapeutic agent used for gram-positive infections and was also used as a perioperative prophylactic antibiotic during burn wound excision. This policy was established prior to this review because of a high incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization and an anecdotal association of increased beta-lactam resistance in endemic gramnegative pathogens associated with the use of penicillinase-resistant penicillins and cephalosporins. Main Outcome Measures: Isolation of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) or other gram-positive organisms resistant to vancomycin. Results: Examinations of 15 125 gram-positive isolates, including 957 enterococci, for in vitro sensitivity to vancomycin yielded 3 VRE isolates in 3 patients. Vancomycin was used prior to VRE isolation in one of these patients. Resistance was found in 3 other organisms (2 Corynebacterium species, 1 Lactobacillus species). Vancomycin was used prior to these isolations in 2 of 3 patients. None of the vancomycin-resistant organisms was associated with infection and all 6 patients survived. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci or other vancomycin-resistant gram-positive organisms were not found in 663 patients treated with vancomycin for documented gram-positive infections or in 1027 patients where perioperative vancomycin was used. Conclusion: Use of vancomycin as the primary therapeutic agent in seriously burned patients was not associated with increased risk of VRE isolation or VRE infection. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Lib Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP McManus, AT (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Lib Branch, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0004-0010 J9 ARCH SURG-CHICAGO JI Arch. Surg. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 133 IS 11 BP 1207 EP 1210 DI 10.1001/archsurg.133.11.1207 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 136WE UT WOS:000076881500012 PM 9820352 ER PT J AU Braithwaite, MG Durnford, SJ Crowley, JS Rosado, NR Albano, JP AF Braithwaite, MG Durnford, SJ Crowley, JS Rosado, NR Albano, JP TI Spatial disorientation in US Army rotary-wing operations SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACCIDENTS AB This paper describes two surveys concerning spatial disorientation (SD) in U.S. Army rotary-wing operations that sought to assess the hazard and to identify recommendations to control it. One survey was of accident records, and the other was of aircrew experiences. Both surveys highlighted the magnitude of the problem. The accident survey showed that 30% of class A to C accidents involved SD as a significant factor, while the aircrew survey showed that 78% of aircrews have been disoriented (8% to the extent that flight safety was threatened). Both surveys showed a significant increase in SD associated with combat operations. Several differences between the two surveys were noted: 90% of the reviewed accidents were thought to involve type I (unrecognized) SD compared with only 43% of the reported incidents; both pilots in a particular aircraft were considered to have been disoriented in at least 59% of accidents compared with 23% of incidents; sudden loss of visual cues ("brownout," "whiteout," or inadvertent entry to instrument meteorological conditions) accounted for 25% of SD accidents compared with 13% of incidents; and 62% of the accidents occurred at night compared with only 36% of incidents. Neither survey showed any association between SD and fatigue or other human factors. The results of both surveys suggested that crew coordination, alerting devices (e.g., audio warnings on the radar altimeter), flight information displays, and autopilot functions would be good targets for improvement. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL USA. RP Braithwaite, MG (reprint author), Headquarters Director Army Aviat, Stockbridge SO20 8DY, Hants, England. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 69 IS 11 BP 1031 EP 1037 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 133PA UT WOS:000076693900001 PM 9819157 ER PT J AU Braithwaite, MG Douglass, PK Durnford, SJ Lucas, G AF Braithwaite, MG Douglass, PK Durnford, SJ Lucas, G TI The hazard of spatial disorientation during helicopter flight using night vision devices SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Introduction: Night Vision Devices (NVDs) provide an enormous advantage to the operational effectiveness of military helicopter flying by permitting flight throughout the night. However, compared with daytime flight, many of the depth perception and orientational cues are severely degraded. These degraded cues predispose aviators to spatial disorientation (SD), which is a serious drawback of these devices. Methods: As part of an overall analysis of Army helicopter accidents to assess the impact of SD on military flying, we scrutinized the class A-C mishap reports involving night-aided flight from 1987 to 1995. The accidents were classified according to the role of SD by three independent assessors, with the SD group further analyzed to determine associated factors and possible countermeasures. Results:Almost 43% of all SD-related accidents in this series occurred during flight using NVDs, whereas only 13% of non-SD accidents involved NVDs. An examination of the SD accident rates per 100,000 flying hours revealed a significant difference between the rate for day flying and the rate for flight using NVDs (mean rate for daytime flight = 1.66, mean rate for NVD flight = 9.00, p < 0.001). The most important factors associated with these accidents were related to equipment limitations, distraction from the task, and training or procedural inadequacies. Conclusions: SD remains an important source of attrition of Army aircraft. The more than fivefold increase in risk associated with NVD flight is of serious concern. The associated factors and suggested countermeasures should be urgently addressed. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL USA. RP Braithwaite, MG (reprint author), Headquarters Director Army Aviat, Stockbridge SO20 8DY, Hants, England. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 69 IS 11 BP 1038 EP 1044 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 133PA UT WOS:000076693900002 PM 9819158 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, RR Endrusick, TL Santee, WR AF Gonzalez, RR Endrusick, TL Santee, WR TI Thermoregulatory responses to cold: Effects of handwear with multi-layered clothing SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Background: Thermoregulatory responses were studied during rest and exercise in men wearing diverse handwear with an extended cold-weather clothing system [ECWCS]. The ECWCS (thermal insulation = 3.6 do (1 clo = thermal resistance approximate to 0.155 m(2).K.W-1); weight = 10.1 kg) incorporates skin-tight polypropylene underwear, polyester/cotton fatigues, polyester-insulated liners, balaclava, vapor-barrier boots, and polytetrafluroethylene [PTFE]-lined outer garments. Methods: Six fit males each rested (M = 71 W.m(-2)) and performed treadmill exercise (M = 171 W.m(-2)) while wearing the following handwear with the ECWCS: a light duty glove (LD, do = 0.86), a heavy duty glove (HD, do = 1.05), or an Arctic mitten (AM, do = 1.46). Cold exposures were at Ta = 0 degrees C, -20 degrees C, and -30 degrees C; rh = 20%; wind speed = 10.34 m.s(-1). Exposure was a target period of 120 min designated as maximal endurance time (ET, min). All experiments were performed on separate days. Rectal (T-re), middle finger (T-mf), and mean weighted skin (T-sk) temperatures were recorded continuously; oxygen uptake and heart rate were measured periodically and total body weight loss (m) over dot(sw), g.h(-1)) was determined after each run. Results During rest at 0 degrees C, the ECWCS maintained T-re at 37 degrees C for the maximal ET with all handwear configurations; for each lower ambient condition, steady-state Tre dropped -0.2 degrees C per each 10 degrees C decrease in Ta. T-mf at or near 5 degrees C prior to the maximal FT was the basis for premature attrition; T-sk of 29.4 degrees C was associated with subjective thermal discomfort. ET was predicted adequately by combining T-mf, heat production, T-re and T-sk. Conclusions: The ECWCS with specific handwear furnish adequate ET in cold-dry ambients provided that ventilation and removal of extra layers is an option during heavy exercise and thermal insulation is not decreased by body moisture. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Gonzalez, RR (reprint author), Biophys & Biomed Modeling Div, 5 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 69 IS 11 BP 1076 EP 1082 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 133PA UT WOS:000076693900009 PM 9819165 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JA Ramspott, S AF Caldwell, JA Ramspott, S TI Effects of task duration on sensitivity to sleep deprivation using the multi-attribute task battery SO BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS INSTRUMENTS & COMPUTERS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; FATIGUE AB Several factors affect the sensitivity to sleep deprivation in the performance of computerized tests. Two of these are task complexity and duration. Complexity can improve sensitivity by increasing the demands required to complete the task, but it can also decrease sensitivity by improving the subject's motivation. The effects of task duration are more predictable in that longer tests generally are more susceptible to deprivation effects than shorter ones. The impact of task duration on an interesting, but complex, aviation simulation was examined here. By breaking down data from 30-min multi-attribute task battery administrations into the first, second, and third 10 min of performance, it was shown that tests shorter than 30 min underestimate the impact of sleep loss on performance. This was especially evident in measures of time-out and tracking errors. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Caldwell, JA (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, POB 620577, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. EM caldwell@rucker-emh2.army.mil NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 3 PU PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC PI AUSTIN PA 1710 FORTVIEW RD, AUSTIN, TX 78704 USA SN 0743-3808 J9 BEHAV RES METH INS C JI Behav. Res. Methods Instr. Comput. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 30 IS 4 BP 651 EP 660 DI 10.3758/BF03209483 PG 10 WC Psychology, Mathematical; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 152MK UT WOS:000077781200012 ER PT J AU Vollmer, RT Dawson, NA Vogelzang, NJ AF Vollmer, RT Dawson, NA Vogelzang, NJ TI The dynamics of prostate specific antigen in hormone refractory prostate carcinoma - An analysis of cancer and leukemia group B study 9181 of megestrol acetate SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE prostate specific antigen; kinetics; prostate carcinoma; megestrol acetate AB BACKGROUND, Although many physicians measure serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) during the follow-up of patients with hormone refractory prostate carcinoma (HRPC), little has been done to formalize the determination of how these serial values of PSA impact on prognosis. To understand HRPC fully, make decisions about choices of treatment as well as about clinical research on treatments for HRPC patients, and design appropriate measures of PSA response, it seems that first it would be necessary to understand how these serial measures of PSA relate to survival. The purpose of this study was to determine how repeated measurements of PSA impact on the probability of imminent death for patients with HRPC. METHODS. One hundred forty-eight men with HRPC were enrolled in Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study 9181, in which they were treated with either a low dose (160 mg/day) or a high dose (640 mg/day) of megestrol acetate (MA). Because preliminary data analysis indicated that these treatments had no effect on survival, the authors pooled the data to analyze the overall dynamics of PSA and survival during the follow-up period. The authors attempted to correlate initial and monthly PSA measurements, which were mandated by the study protocol, with the probability of death at any time during follow-up. For statistical analysis, the Cox proportional hazards model and the general linear model were used. In addition to the level of PSA, the authors used the relative velocity of PSA, which was defined as (dy/dt)/y, with "y" symbolizing serum PSA and "t" symbolizing time. RESULTS. Both log(PSA) and the average relative velocity of PSA (rva) were significantly correlated with survival time (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0008, respectively), and the analysis performed with the Cox proportional hazards model yielded the following formula for a PSA hazard score: PSA hazard score = 0.251*(log(PSA) - mean log(FSA)) + 24.5*(rva - mean rva) This hazard score tended to be higher for patients who were about to die. For example, there was a close correlation between the hazard score and the probability of death as the next observed event. Furthermore, the hazard score provided a dynamic measure of how PSA was affected by treatment. CONCLUSIONS, The average relative velocity of PSA has been identified by the authors as a new measure of the dynamics of PSA in HRPC. It can be determined from sequential values of PSA. This average, together with the log(PSA), are significantly related to the probability of imminent death. Cancer 1998;83:1989-94. (C) 1998 American Cancer Society. C1 Vet Adm Med Ctr, Lab Med 113, Durham, NC 27705 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Chicago, Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Sect, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Vollmer, RT (reprint author), Vet Adm Med Ctr, Lab Med 113, Durham, NC 27705 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA47577, CA41287, CA26806] NR 8 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 83 IS 9 BP 1989 EP 1994 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19981101)83:9<1989::AID-CNCR15>3.0.CO;2-V PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 133QJ UT WOS:000076697000015 PM 9806658 ER PT J AU Jatoi, I AF Jatoi, I TI The benefits of mammography are not limited to women of ages older than 50 years SO CANCER LA English DT Letter ID BREAST-CANCER C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Jatoi, I (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 83 IS 9 BP 2045 EP 2046 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19981101)83:9<2045::AID-CNCR25>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 133QJ UT WOS:000076697000025 PM 9806667 ER PT J AU Eisenhauer, MD Mego, DM Cambier, PA AF Eisenhauer, MD Mego, DM Cambier, PA TI Coronary steal by IMA bypass graft side-branches: A novel therapeutic use of a new detachable embolization coil SO CATHETERIZATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR DIAGNOSIS LA English DT Article DE coronary steal; coronary artery bypass; internal mammary artery; therapeutic coil embolization ID INTERNAL MAMMARY ARTERY; MICROCOIL EMBOLIZATION; INTERCOSTAL BRANCH; OCCLUSION; ANGINA; SURGERY AB Coronary artery steal syndromes following coronary artery bypass grafting (CAB) may occur as a result of the presence of large side-branches arising from the internal mammary artery (IMA), We report the first successful deployment of a new detachable vascular embolization coil device to occlude the IMA side-branches in two patients. Optimal positioning is easily obtained with the unique operator-controlled, safety-release protected mechanism of this device. Complete retraction is possible, with safe and efficient removal of the coil even after deployment. This feature was appreciated during one procedure in which the initially selected coil was found to be oversized, requiring immediate removal. Acute thrombo-occlusion of the IMA side-branches in both patients was observed. We conclude that IMA bypass graft side-branches causing coronary steal can be safely and effectively occluded using this new technique. However, due to observed delayed partial recanalization noted on distant follow-up angiography, we recommend placement of multiple coils at the time of initial embolization. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 45:301-306, 1998. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Cardiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Cardiol, Ft Lewis, WA USA. RP Eisenhauer, MD (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Cardiol, MCHE MDC, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0098-6569 J9 CATHETER CARDIO DIAG JI Catheter. Cardiovasc. Diagn. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 45 IS 3 BP 301 EP 306 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 135PE UT WOS:000076810900018 PM 9829892 ER PT J AU Converse, PJ Dannenberg, AM Shigenaga, T McMurray, DN Phalen, SW Stanford, JL Rook, GAW Koru-Sengul, T Abbey, H Estep, JE Pitt, MLM AF Converse, PJ Dannenberg, AM Shigenaga, T McMurray, DN Phalen, SW Stanford, JL Rook, GAW Koru-Sengul, T Abbey, H Estep, JE Pitt, MLM TI Pulmonary bovine-type tuberculosis in rabbits: Bacillary virulence, inhaled dose effects, tuberculin sensitivity, and Mycobacterium vaccae immunotherapy SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; INNATE IMMUNITY; PATHOGENESIS; BCG AB This report elucidates four aspects of the immunology of pulmonary tuberculosis produced in rabbits: (i) the virulence of bovine-type tubercle bacilli, strain Ravenel S, (ii) systemic factors influencing the generation of visible primary pulmonary tubercles, (iii) differences in tuberculin sensitivity of rabbits and humans, and (iv) the effect of Mycobacterium vaccae immunotherapy on cavitary tuberculosis. Laboratory strain Ravenel S (ATCC 35720) was not fully virulent. Fully virulent strains produce one visible primary pulmonary tubercle for each three bacillary units inhaled. Strain ATCC 35720 produced one such tubercle for each 18 to 107 bacillary units inhaled, indicating that its virulence was reduced by 6- to 36-fold. When a low dose of this Ravenel S strain was inhaled, the host resistance (measured by the number of inhaled bacilli needed to generate one visible primary pulmonary tubercle) was increased at least 3.5-fold compared to the host resistance when a high dose was inhaled. Rabbits and humans differ in the degree and in the maintenance of their dermal sensitivities to tuberculin. Compared to rabbits, humans are 100 times more sensitive to tuberculin. Also, at 33 weeks rabbits with well-controlled cavitary tuberculosis usually showed a decrease in their tuberculin reactions of about 50% from peak values, whereas humans with such well-controlled tuberculosis are thought to maintain strong reactions for many years. These species differences may be due to desensitization to group II mycobacterial antigens in the rabbits because they have a different diet and a different type of digestive tract. M. vaccae immunotherapy of rabbits with cavitary tuberculosis produced no statistically significant effects. Experiments with many more rabbits would be required to prove whether or not such immunotherapy is beneficial. C1 Oita Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med 3, Oita 87011, Japan. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USA, Dept Aerobiol, Appl Res Div, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, College Stn, TX USA. UCL, Sch Med, Dept Bacteriol, London W1N 8AA, England. RP Dannenberg, AM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM artdann@jhsph.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-10342, P01 HL010342]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-35195]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES003819, ES-03819] NR 61 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 5 IS 6 BP 871 EP 881 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 136TB UT WOS:000076874300024 PM 9801350 ER PT J AU Dinauer, CAW Tuttle, RM Robie, DK McClellan, DR Svec, RL Adair, C Francis, GL AF Dinauer, CAW Tuttle, RM Robie, DK McClellan, DR Svec, RL Adair, C Francis, GL TI Clinical features associated with metastasis and recurrence of differentiated thyroid cancer in children, adolescents and young adults SO CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; FOLLOW-UP; CARCINOMA; CHILDHOOD; CHERNOBYL; POPULATION AB OBJECTIVE Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), including papillary (PTC) and follicular (FTC) variants, is unusual in children and accounts for only 10% of all cases, For that reason, knowledge of the clinical features which predict recurrence is limited. We reviewed 170 cases of childhood DTC to determine if specific clinical or pathological findings were associated with increased risk of recurrence. DESIGN This was a retrospective study of children and adolescents with DTC registered in the Department of Defense Automated Centralized Tumor Registry, PATIENTS We reviewed 137 cases of PTC and 33 cases of FTC diagnosed between 1953 and 1996 at less than or equal to 21 years of age. RESULTS In the PTC group (median follow-up 6.6 years, range 2 month - 39.5 years), only one patient died, but 21 developed local and 6 developed distant recurrence, By univariate analysis, recurrence was more common in patients with multifocal (odds ratio 7.5) or large tumours (odds ratio 4.1), and in those with palpable cervical lymphadenopathy (odds ratio 3.0) or metastasis at diagnosis (odds ratio 2.8). By multivariate analysis focality was the best predictor of recurrence (P=0.0019). In the FTC group (median follow-up 5 years, range 6 month 38.1 years), no patient died of disease, but 5 developed recurrence. As with PTC, recurrence was more likely in patients with multifocal tumours (odds ratio 22.0). CONCLUSIONS Differentiated thyroid cancer in children and adolescents has low mortality, but a high risk of recurrence, Young patients with large, multifocal tumours that are already metastatic at diagnosis have the greatest risk of recurrence. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Endocrine & Otorhinolaryng Head & Neck Patho, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Pediat F, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Dinauer, CAW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 6825 16th St NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 33 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0300-0664 J9 CLIN ENDOCRINOL JI Clin. Endocrinol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 49 IS 5 BP 619 EP 628 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 142RU UT WOS:000077214800011 ER PT J AU Engelke, KA Convertino, VA AF Engelke, KA Convertino, VA TI Restoration of peak vascular conductance after simulated microgravity by maximal exercise SO CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bedrest; blood flow; fatigue; hyperaemia; vasodilation ID CARDIOPULMONARY BAROREFLEX CONTROL; BLOOD-VOLUME; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; ISCHEMIC EXERCISE; VASODILATION; RESISTANCE; RECEPTORS; RESPONSES; MUSCLE; MEN AB We sought to determine if (i) peak vascular conductance of the calf was reduced following prolonged exposure to simulated microgravity, and (ii) if maximal cycle ergometry performed at the end of microgravity exposure stimulated a restoration of peak calf vascular conductance. To do this, peak vascular conductance of the calf was recorded following ischaemic plantar flexion exercise to fatigue. in seven men after 16 days of head-down tilt (HDT) under two conditions: (i) after one bout of maximal supine cycle ergometry completed 24 h prior to performance of ischaemic plantar flexion exercise, and (ii) in a control (no cycle ergometry) condition. Following HDT, peak vascular conductance was reduced in the control condition (0.38 +/- 0.02 to 0.24 +/- 0.02 ml 100 ml(-1) min(-1) mmHg(-1); P = 0.04), but was restored when subjects performed cycle ergometry (0.33 +/- 0.05 to 0.28 +/- 0.04 ml 100 ml(-1) min(-1) mmHg(-1); P = 0.46). After HDT, time to fatigue during ischaemic plantar flexion exercise was not different from pre-HDT 24 h after performance of exhaustive cycle ergometry (120 +/- 24 vs. 122 +/- 19 s), but was decreased in the control condition (116 +/- 11 vs. 95 +/- 8 s; P = 0.07). These data suggest that a single bout of maximal exercise can provide a stimulus to restore peak vascular conductance and maintain time to fatigue during performance of ischaemic plantar flexion exercise. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Physiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NASA, Biomed Engn Off, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Convertino, VA (reprint author), AL AOCY, Physiol Res Branch, 2507 Kennedy Circle, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-5979 J9 CLIN PHYSIOL JI Clin. Physiol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 18 IS 6 BP 544 EP 553 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2281.1998.00133.x PG 10 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 137XY UT WOS:000076943400008 PM 9818160 ER PT J AU Pantongrag-Brown, L Krebs, TL Daly, BD Wong-You-Cheong, JJ Beiser, C Krause, B Brown, AE AF Pantongrag-Brown, L Krebs, TL Daly, BD Wong-You-Cheong, JJ Beiser, C Krause, B Brown, AE TI Frequency of abdominal CT findings in AIDS patients with M-avium complex bacteraemia SO CLINICAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; INTRACELLULARE; IMMUNODEFICIENCY; TUBERCULOSIS; BACTEREMIA AB Background: Use of blood culture studies for early diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection has become important due to the recent development of effective antibiotic therapy for this condition. This study assessed the abdominal computed tomography (CT) findings in patients with AIDS who presented with bacteraemic MAC infection. Methods: A retrospective analysis of abdominal CT scans was performed in 24 patients mho presented with MAC-positive blood culture. CT images were reviewed specifically to evaluate for lymph node enlargement and attenuation, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, bowel wall abnormality and for any other pathological changes. Comparison was made to prior reports of the CT findings in this disease process. Result: Enlarged intra-abdominal mesenteric and/or retroperitoneal lymph nodes were found in 10 patients (42%). These nodes were characterized by homogeneous, soft-tissue attenuation in eight of the 10 patients. Hepatomegaly splenomegaly and small bowel wall thickening were noted in 12 (50%), 11 (46%) and four (14%) patients, respectively, CT findings were evaluated as normal in six (25%) patients. Conclusions: Enlarged mesenteric and/or retroperitoneal lymph nodes in AIDS patients with bacteraemic MCA were observed much less frequently on CT than previously reported in AIDS patient populations. Normal abdominal CT findings do not exclude this diagnosis and may reflect a trend towards earlier detection of MAC disease. C1 Univ Maryland, Med Syst, Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Med Syst, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Med Syst, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. RP Daly, BD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Med Syst, Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Radiol, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0009-9260 J9 CLIN RADIOL JI Clin. Radiol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 53 IS 11 BP 816 EP 819 DI 10.1016/S0009-9260(98)80192-X PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 143WC UT WOS:000077279400005 PM 9833784 ER PT J AU Venizelos, DT Sausa, RC AF Venizelos, DT Sausa, RC TI Laser-induced fluorescence, mass spectrometric, and modeling studies of neat and NH3-Doped H-2/N2O/Ar flames SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSTICS; DECOMPOSITION; PRESSURE AB A combined experimental and modeling study of neat and NH3-doped (Phi = 1), 30 Torr flames is reported. The major species concentrations are measured by molecular beam mass spectrometry (MB/MS), whereas the minor species OH, NH, and O-atom concentrations are measured by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). The species NO is measured both by LIF and MB/MS, and O-2 by MB/MS. The flame temperatures are measured both by OH and NH LIF and by thin wire thermometry. The flames are modeled with PREMIX using the temperature profiles and several detailed chemical mechanisms as input. The mechanisms include the GRI 2.11, SSLA, and their derivatives. The SSLA mechanism was developed previously in our laboratory from a critical literature review. Calculations using all the mechanisms predict fairly well the profiles of the major species for both neat and doped flames. However, both the SSLA and GRI 2.11 calculations fail tc, pr edict the postflame O-2 concentration in the neat flame, the drop in the O-2 concentration with the addition of NH3, and the NH3 decay in the doped flame. Sensitivity analyses suggest refinements to the SSLA and GRI 2.11 mechanisms. The experimental results are predicted rather well using a modified SSLA mechanism in which the NH + NO = N2O + H reaction rate is decreased and the N2O + M = N-2 + O + M reaction rate and/or H2O third body efficiency is increased to the limit of their uncertainty. Rate analyses performed on the modeled calculations reveal the reactions important to NO, O-2, NH, OH, and O-atom production and consumption and NH, consumption. These reactions are presented and discussed. (C) 1998 by The Combustion Institute. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRLWMBD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Sausa, RC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRLWMBD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD NOV PY 1998 VL 115 IS 3 BP 313 EP 326 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(98)00012-1 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA ZW416 UT WOS:000074408800003 ER PT J AU Rance, BR Laws, RA Keeling, JH Warden, PJ AF Rance, BR Laws, RA Keeling, JH Warden, PJ TI Traumatic arteriovenous fistula of the upper lip SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID MALFORMATIONS AB Traumatic arteriovenous fistulas can present days to years following penetrating trauma and are often challenging to diagnose and manage. Patients may present to the dermatologist with unilateral varicose veins or a pulsatile mass. Our case illustrates the value of palpation in a careful systematic approach to any new lesion, especially in the context of previous penetrating trauma. We also discuss the nomenclature of arteriovenous communications and review their current management. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Winn Army Community Hosp, Ft Stewart, GA USA. RP Rance, BR (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD NOV PY 1998 VL 62 IS 5 BP 235 EP 237 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 142RV UT WOS:000077214900009 PM 9836056 ER PT J AU Gray, BR Emery, VL Brandon, DL Wright, RB Duke, BM Farrar, JD Moore, DW AF Gray, BR Emery, VL Brandon, DL Wright, RB Duke, BM Farrar, JD Moore, DW TI Selection of optimal measures of growth and reproduction for the sublethal Leptocheirus plumulosus sediment bioassay SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE endpoint; Leptocheirus plumulosus; sediment bioassay; growth; reproduction ID HYALELLA-AZTECA; ESTUARINE AMPHIPOD; CHRONIC TOXICITY; DAPHNIA-MAGNA AB This article describes the selection process used to identify optimal measures of growth and reproduction for the proposed 28-d sublethal sediment bioassay with the estuarine amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus. We used four criteria (relevance of each measure to its respective endpoint, signal-to-noise ratio, redundancy relative to other measures of the same endpoint, and cost [i.e., of labor, training, and equipment]) to evaluate nine growth and seven reproductive measures. Optimal endpoint measures were identified as those receiving relatively high scores for all or most criteria. Measures of growth scored similarly on all criteria, except for cost. The cost of the pooled (female plus male) growth measures was substantially lower than the cost of the female and male growth measures because the latter required more labor (by approx. 25 min per replicate). Pooled dry weight was identified as the optimal growth measure over pooled length because the latter required additional labor and nonstandard software and equipment. Embryo and neonate measures of reproduction exhibited wide differences in labor costs but yielded similar scores for other criteria. In contrast, brooding measures of reproduction (females carrying embryos in the brood pouch) scored relatively low on endpoint relevance, signal-to-noise ratio, and redundancy criteria. We recommend neonates/survivor as the optimal measure of L. plumulosus reproduction because it exhibited high endpoint relevance and signal-to-noise ratios,was redundant to other reproductive measures, and required minimal time. C1 AScI Corp, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Gray, BR (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. OI Gray, Brian/0000-0001-7682-9550 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2288 EP 2297 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1998)017<2288:SOOMOG>2.3.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 130TV UT WOS:000076537200020 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Ceron, L Rodriguez, MH Wirtz, RA Sina, BJ Palomeque, OL Nettel, JA Tsutsumi, V AF Gonzalez-Ceron, L Rodriguez, MH Wirtz, RA Sina, BJ Palomeque, OL Nettel, JA Tsutsumi, V TI Plasmodium vivax: A monoclonal antibody recognizes a circumsporozoite protein precursor on the sporozoite surface SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apicomplexa; Plasmodium vivax; Anopheles albimanus; sporozoite; oocyst; midgut; salivary gland; circumsporozoite protein; malaria ID ANOPHELES-STEPHENSI; MALARIA SPOROZOITES; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; SALIVARY-GLANDS; BERGHEI SPOROZOITES; FALCIPARUM MALARIA; MIDGUT OOCYSTS; LOCALIZATION; PARASITES; MOSQUITOS AB The major surface circumsporozoite (CS) proteins are known to play a role in malaria sporozoite development and invasion of invertebrate and vertebrate host cells. Plasmodium vivax CS protein processing during mosquito midgut oocyst and salivary gland sporozoite development was studied using monoclonal antibodies which recognize different CS protein epitopes. Monoclonal antibodies which react with the CS amino acid repeat sequences by ELISA recognized a 50-kDa precursor protein in immature oocyst and additional 47- and 42-kDa proteins in older oocysts. A 42-kDa CS protein was detected after initial sporozoite invasion of mosquito salivary glands and an additional 50-kDa precursor CS protein observed later in infected salivary glands. These data confirm previous results with other Plasmodium species, in which more CS protein precursors were detected in oocysts than in salivary gland sporozoites. A monoclonal antibody (PvPCS) was characterized which reacts with an epitope found only in the 50-kDa precursor CS protein. PvPCS reacted with all P. vivax sporozoite strains tested by indirect immunofluorescent assay, homogeneously staining the sporozoite periphery with much lower intensity than that produced by anti-CS repeat antibodies. Immunoelectron microscopy using PvPCS showed that the CS protein precursor was associated with peripheral cytoplasmic vacuoles and membranes of sporoblast and budding sporozoites in development oocysts. In salivary gland sporozoites, the CS protein precursor was primarily associated with micronemes and sporozoite membranes. Our results suggest that the 50-kDa CS protein precursor is synthesized intracellularly and secreted on the membrane surface, where it is proteolytically processed to form the 42-kDa mature CS protein. These data indicate that differences in CS protein processing in oocyst and salivary gland sporozoites development may occur. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Ctr Invest Paludismo, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Ctr Invest Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Dept Patol Expt, Mexico City 07300, DF, Mexico. RP Gonzalez-Ceron, L (reprint author), Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Ctr Invest Paludismo, 4 Norte & 19 Poniente, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. FU FIC NIH HHS [1R03 TW00301-0] NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 90 IS 3 BP 203 EP 211 DI 10.1006/expr.1998.4334 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 137NB UT WOS:000076920000001 PM 9806864 ER PT J AU Kiang, JG Gist, ID Tsokos, GC AF Kiang, JG Gist, ID Tsokos, GC TI Cytoprotection and regulation of heat shock proteins induced by heat shock in human breast cancer T47-D cells: role of [Ca2+](i) and protein kinases SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE viability; heat; protein kinase C; protein kinase A ID HUMAN EPIDERMOID-A-431 CELLS; HSP-72 SYNTHESIS; A-431 CELLS; ACTIVATION; INCREASES; INDUCTION; CA2+; RESISTANCE; DAMAGE; GENE AB Overexpression of heat shock protein 70 kDa alters the susceptibility of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents. We conducted experiments to study the regulation of expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in heat shock-treated T47-D cells, a human breast cancer cell line that expresses estrogen receptors, Cells exposed to heat shock at 44 degrees C displayed increased expression of heat shock protein 72 kDa (HSP-72), glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP-78), and GRP-94 in a time-dependent manner, as shown by [S-35]methionine incorporation and Western blotting experiments, The maximal rate of synthesis occurred between 2 and 4 h after heat shock. Removal of external Ca2+ inhibited the synthesis of the heat shock-induced GRP-78 but not of HSP-72 and GRP-94, whereas treatment of cells with BAPTA (a Ca2+ chelator) inhibited HSP-72 and GRP-78, Treatment with H89 (a protein kinase A inhibitor) blocked the heat shock-induced GRP-78 synthesis, whereas GF-109203X (a protein kinase C inhibitor) attenuated the heat shock-induced HSP-72 synthesis and com pletely blocked synthesis of GRP-78 but not of GRP-94, These results indicate that protein kinase C is involved in regulation of the heat shock-induced synthesis of HSP-72, whereas PKA and PKC are involved in the regulation of GRP-78 synthesis. Cells overexpressing HSP-72 and GRPs after heat shock displayed resistance against lethal temperature (47 degrees C for 50 min) -induced death, which was diminished after removal of external Ca2+ and treatment with GF-109203X, Heat shock increased intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+](i)) in a temperature- and heating duration-dependent fashion, and the increase was inhibited in the absence of external [Ca2+](i) and significantly reduced by pretreatment with H89 and GF-109203X, The results suggest that different pathways are involved in the induction of synthesis of HSP-72, GRP-78, and GRP-94 by heat shock. It is highly likely that only HSP-72 and GRP-78 are involved in the process of cytoprotection from the thermal injury. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Physiol, Div Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Kiang, JG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Physiol, Div Med, Bldg 40,Rm 3117A, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Dr._Juliann-Kiang@WRSMTP-ccmail.army.mil NR 43 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 12 IS 14 BP 1571 EP 1579 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 134NM UT WOS:000076749500016 PM 9806766 ER PT J AU Tuorila, HM Meiselman, HL Cardello, AV Lesher, LL AF Tuorila, HM Meiselman, HL Cardello, AV Lesher, LL TI Effect of expectations and the definition of product category on the acceptance of unfamiliar foods SO FOOD QUALITY AND PREFERENCE LA English DT Article ID NEOPHOBIA; HUMANS; INFORMATION; EXPOSURE; LIKING AB Expected and actual acceptance of three unfamiliar vs. three familiar foods were examined among US subjects to determine the extent to which positive information about their origin, nutritional properties and flavor, in the presence or absence of product category information, contributed to their acceptance. Subjects (n = 160) were divided into the following four conditions: (I) 'NOI' Unfamiliar foods, no verbal information; (2) 'INFO' Unfamiliar foods, positive information without Product category; (3) 'INFO+' Unfamiliar foods, positive information including product category; and (4) 'CTR' Familiar foods, no information, control group. The subjects rated their expected liking/disliking Prior to tasting (based on information in conditions 2 and 3, and based on appearance in all conditions), their actual liking, and the degree to which the foods matched/mismatched their sensory and hedonic expectations after tasting. Generally, positive information enhanced ratings of unfamiliar samples, but product-specific information effects were large, and no proof was obtained for the superiority of the INFO+ (compared to INFO) condition in the enhancement of liking. Actual liking was best predicted by expected liking based on either verbal information or on seeing the product. The expected liking war mainly predicted by the degree of liking and frequency of use of the specific familiar reference products. Thus, the acceptance of an unfamiliar food is largely determined by how it relates to familiar foods that are part of an individual's current diet. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Helsinki, Dept Food Technol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Geo Ctr Inc, Newton, MA USA. RP Tuorila, HM (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Food Technol, POB 27,Viikki B, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM tuorila@helsinki.fi NR 20 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-3293 J9 FOOD QUAL PREFER JI Food. Qual. Prefer. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 IS 6 BP 421 EP 430 DI 10.1016/S0950-3293(98)00012-3 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 142VL UT WOS:000077221000006 ER PT J AU Hauer, FR Smith, RD AF Hauer, FR Smith, RD TI The hydrogeomorphic approach to functional assessment of riparian wetlands: evaluating impacts and mitigation on river floodplains in the USA SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on River in the Landscape: Riparian and Groundwater Ecology CY FEB 05-11, 1996 CL SWISS FED INST ENVIRONM SCI & TECHNOL, KASTANIENBAUM, SWITZERLAND HO SWISS FED INST ENVIRONM SCI & TECHNOL DE riparian wetlands; hydrogeomorphic (HGM) classification; functional assessment; compensatory mitigation; reference wetlands ID ECOSYSTEM PERSPECTIVE; STREAM; COMMUNITIES; RESTORATION; INTEGRITY; MONTANA AB 1. The 'hydrogeomorphic' approach to functional assessment of wetlands (HGM) was developed as a synthetic mechanism for compensatory mitigation of wetlands lost or damaged by human activities. The HGM approach is based on: (a) classification of wetlands by geomorphic origin and hydrographic regime (b) assessment models that associate variables as indicators of function, and (c) comparison to reference wetlands that represent the range of conditions that may be expected in a particular region, in this paper, we apply HGM to riparian wetlands of alluvial rivers. 2. In the HGM classification, riverine wetlands ape characterized by formative fluvial processes that occur mainly on flood plains. The dominant water sources are overbank flooding from the channel or subsurface hyporheic flows. Examples of riverine wetlands in the U.S.A. are: bottomland hardwood forests that typify the low gradient, fine texture substratum of the south-eastern coastal plain and the alluvial flood plains that typify the high gradient, coarse texture substratum of western montane rivers. 3. Assessment (logic) models for each of fourteen alluvial wetland functions are described. Each model is a composite of two to seven wetland variables that are independently scored in relation to a reference data set developed for alluvial rivers in the western U.S.A. Scores are summarized by a 'functional capacity index' (FCI), which is multiplied by the area of the project site to produce a dimensionless 'functional capacity unit' (FCU). When HGM is properly used, compensatory mitigation is based on the FCUs lost that must be returned to the riverine landscape under statutory authority. 4. The HGM approach also provides a framework for long-term monitoring of mitigation success or failure and, if failing, a focus on topical remediation. 5. We conclude that HGM is a robust and easy method for protecting riparian wetlands, which are critically important components of alluvial river landscapes. C1 Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Hauer, FR (reprint author), Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. NR 60 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 40 IS 3 BP 517 EP 530 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.1998.00382.x PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 153YH UT WOS:000077860800007 ER PT J AU Fried, M Lauder, R Duffy, PE AF Fried, M Lauder, R Duffy, PE TI Minimal chondroitin sulfate structures required to support Plasmodium falciparum adhesion SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD NOV PY 1998 VL 8 IS 11 MA 68 BP 1121 EP 1121 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 130CC UT WOS:000076505300073 ER PT J AU Gurton, KP Bruce, CW Gillespie, JB AF Gurton, KP Bruce, CW Gillespie, JB TI Measured backscatter from conductive thin films deposited on fibrous substrates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic scattering; measurements; thin films ID AEROSOLS; ATTENUATION; WAVELENGTH; ABSORPTION; WIRES AB The functional dependence of the electromagnetic backscatter by thin, straight, dielectric fibers with metallic coatings was measured as a function of coating thickness and conductivity at a wavelength of 0.86 cm (35 GHz), Cu and Ni coatings were applied to fibrous glass substrates (having a nominal diameter of 5.50 mu m) using an evaporative process. Thicknesses of the thin films were directly measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ranged from 0.02 to 0.70 mu m Measurements were conducted using single fibers. Measured quantities agreed well with calculations based on recently developed theory. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSPL, IS,E, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. RP Gurton, KP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSPL, IS,E, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1674 EP 1678 DI 10.1109/8.736620 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 153PY UT WOS:000077842500011 ER PT J AU Weiss, SJ Kahn, WK AF Weiss, SJ Kahn, WK TI Decomposition of electromagnetic boundary conditions at planar interfaces with applications to TE and TM field solutions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE boundary value problems; electromagnetic fields AB Electromagnetic fields in homogeneous source-free regions can be decomposed into fields that are TE and TM with respect to a particular reference direction (e.g,, the z direction). If transverse sources exist, both TE and TM fields may be excited simultaneously, This paper considers the case of two infinite regions having a common planar interface and prescribed sources (surface currents) on the interface. The source currents are decomposed in a manner consistent with the decomposition of the fields. Accordingly, a procedure is established for describing the boundary conditions at the interface in terms of the longitudinal field components E-z, H-z, and the surface currents (J) over bar(s). The development is unique in that the continuity of the transverse field components at the boundary are not explicitly considered but interpreted in terms of z-directed fields. This boundary condition approach is shown to give results consistent with those obtained by matching the tangential fields at the interface using vector transforms. A simple example illustrating the procedure using a ring of current in free-space is presented. C1 USA, TACOM, ARDEC, AMSTA,AR,CCF,A, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Weiss, SJ (reprint author), USA, TACOM, ARDEC, AMSTA,AR,CCF,A, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1687 EP 1691 DI 10.1109/8.736622 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 153PY UT WOS:000077842500013 ER PT J AU Wong, D Carin, L AF Wong, D Carin, L TI Analysis and processing of ultra wide-band SAR imagery for buried landmine detection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Letter DE buried object detection; synthetic aperture radar ID REVOLUTION; BODIES AB Experimental and theoretical results are presented for ultra wide-band (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signatures of buried anti-tank and anti-personnel mines. Such are characterized by resonancelike peaks as well as valleys, across the 50-1200 MHz bandwidth considered, Consequently, frequency subbanding is used to highlight one target over another, of application to discriminating targets (mines) from clutter. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Wong, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1747 EP 1748 DI 10.1109/8.736633 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 153PY UT WOS:000077842500021 ER PT J AU Carin, L Kapoor, R Baum, CE AF Carin, L Kapoor, R Baum, CE TI Polarimetric SAR imaging of buried landmines SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE ground-penetrating radar (GPR); polarization; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; HALF-SPACE AB If the fields incident on a buried body of revolution art polarized vertically or horizontally (relative to the ground), the backscattered fields are exclusively copolarized (i.e., there are no cross-polarized backscattered fields). After substantiating this theoretically, measured ultrawideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data are used for corroboration, considering real, buried landmines that approximate bodies of revolution. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Phillips Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Carin, L (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 12 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 1998 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1985 EP 1988 DI 10.1109/36.729373 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 139UT UT WOS:000077048600018 ER PT J AU Briggs, SJ Bartos, MJ Arno, RG AF Briggs, SJ Bartos, MJ Arno, RG TI Reliability and availability assessment of electrical and mechanical systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 08-12, 1995 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FLORIDA SP Ind Applicat Soc DE availability; electrical systems; mechanical systems; modeling; reliability AB Ensuring reliable electric power to critical equipment is vital to the operation of many industrial, commercial, and military facilities. Accurate assessments of electrical system reliability are needed to determine if improvements are necessary and, in many cases, these assessments are required as a part of any new construction. However, it is generally impossible to perform actual testing on the system, and hand calculations are also impossible for all but the most trivial systems. There are computer modeling tools which calculate system reliability or availability for electrical or mechanical systems based on the reliability of individual components, how those components are interconnected, and performance criteria for the system based on facility requirements. Other computer modeling tools are frequently cumbersome to use, require access to a mainframe computer, and base the results on suspect data compiled in the 1970's, The Reliability and Availability Modeling Program is designed to perform reliability analysis using component operational and maintenance data On 234 items in the categories of power generation, power distribution, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. C1 Dept Army, Corps Engineers, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. Pentagon, Natl Mil Command Ctr, SAM LAFN, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Briggs, SJ (reprint author), Dept Army, Corps Engineers, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1387 EP 1396 DI 10.1109/28.739026 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 143LW UT WOS:000077258000026 ER PT J AU Harvey, JF Brown, ER AF Harvey, JF Brown, ER TI Special issue on innovative integration techniques for microwave and millimeter-wave circuits - Foreword SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Res Off, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Harvey, JF (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 46 IS 11 BP 1817 EP 1820 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 140RC UT WOS:000077101300001 ER PT J AU Sadler, BM Casey, SD AF Sadler, BM Casey, SD TI On periodic pulse interval analysis with outliers and missing observations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; SAMPLE COVARIANCES; TIME-SERIES; ALGORITHM AB Analysis of periodic pulse gains based on time of arrival is considered, with perhaps very many missing observations and contaminated data. A period estimator is developed based on a modified Euclidean algorithm. This algorithm is a computationally simple, robust method for estimating the greatest common divisor of a noisy contaminated data set. The resulting estimate, although it is not maximum likelihood, is used as initialization in a three-step algorithm that achieves the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for moderate noise levels, as shown by comparing Monte Carlo results with the CRE's. This approach solves Linear regression problems with missing observations and outliers. Comparisons with a periodogram approach based on a point process model are shown, An extension using multiple independent data records is also developed that overcomes high levels of contamination. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. American Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM bsadler@arl.mil; scasey@american.edu NR 32 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-587X EI 1941-0476 J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 46 IS 11 BP 2990 EP 3002 DI 10.1109/78.726812 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 133AK UT WOS:000076664100013 ER PT J AU Sengupta, S Sengupta, LC Synowczynski, J Rees, DA AF Sengupta, S Sengupta, LC Synowczynski, J Rees, DA TI Novel pyroelectric sensor materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article AB Ceramic compositions of barium strontium titanium oxide (BSTO) have been formulated for applications as pyroelectric sensor materials. The material has been fabricated in tape-cast and thin film forms, In general, the materials demonstrated high pyroelectric coefficients (p) accompanied with low dielectric constant, and law dissipation factor. The compositions of the tape-cast and thin film specimens examined in this paper include a well-known commercially adopted Ba(0.64)Sr(0.3)6TiO(3) as well as a composition suggested in the literature, and a patented composition with the addition of MgO to BSTO is investigated. Doping BSTO with MgO has been shown to reduce the dielectric constant and loss tangent (over a very wide frequency range from 100 Hz-10 GHz) of the material and thereby increase the pyroelectric figure of merit, This article will discuss the processing, material characterization, pyroelectric coefficient, and pyroelectric figure-of-merit of the above mentioned BSTO compositions. C1 Paratek Inc, Aberdeen, MD 21001 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,ME, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Coll N Wales, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Bangor LL57 1UT, Gwynedd, Wales. RP Sengupta, S (reprint author), Paratek Inc, 1202 Technol Dr,Suite C, Aberdeen, MD 21001 USA. EM somnath_paratek@juno.com NR 12 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD NOV PY 1998 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1444 EP 1452 DI 10.1109/58.738284 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 156YU UT WOS:000078031200003 PM 18249992 ER PT J AU Liu, D Raju, BB Dang, XL AF Liu, D Raju, BB Dang, XL TI Size effects on impact response of composite laminates SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE size effects; impact; composites; delamination; perforation ID NOTCHED STRENGTH; PENETRATION; DAMAGE AB Delamination was known to be one of the most important damage modes in composite laminates subjected to impact loading. In an effort to further understand the impact response of composite laminates, various degrees of impact ranging from subperforation to perforation were introduced to glass/epoxy laminates through an instrumented drop-weight impactor. In addition, composite laminates of various in-plane dimensions and thicknesses were examined for in-plane dimensional and thickness effects, respectively. Experimental results showed that in-plane dimensional effect was not as significant as thickness effect. The impacted composite laminates were then subjected to compression after impact (CAI) tests for characterizations of residual mechanical properties. Experimental results showed that perforation was the most important damage stage in composite laminates subjected to impact loading since impact characteristics (peak force, contact duration and absorbed energy) and mechanical properties degradation (residual compressive maximum force and residual compressive absorbed energy) of composite laminates became stable once perforation took place. However. it was also found that delamination played a very important role in the characterizations of mechanical properties degradation. Since the impact response of composite laminates is due to plate bending to some extent, bending analysis was used to explain the greater influence of thickness effect to in-plane dimensional effect. It was also found that bending analysis was feasible for interpretation of delamination in mechanical properties degradation. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Liu, D (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 21 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 21 IS 10 BP 837 EP 854 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(98)00036-0 PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 154TQ UT WOS:000077905400003 ER PT J AU Cole, DM AF Cole, DM TI Modeling the cyclic loading response of sea ice SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Prager Symposium at the 35th Annual Meeting of the Society of Engineering Science CY OCT, 1996 CL ARIZONA STATE UNIV, TEMPE, ARIZONA SP Soc Engn Sci HO ARIZONA STATE UNIV ID SALINE ICE AB This paper describes a physically based model of the elastic and anelastic behavior of sea ice subjected to zero-mean-stress cyclic loading. It incorporates the influence of porosity and fabric. The work demonstrates that despite the complexity of the sea ice microstructure, it is possible to develop links between its physical and mechanical properties through careful experimentation and detailed physical properties measurements. As a consequence of the presence of liquid brine at temperatures of interest, the porosity of this material is temperature-dependent. The model accounts directly for the influence of temperature on the effective elastic properties (both through the lattice constants and through the total porosity), and on the dominant dislocations and grain boundary relaxation processes. It is shown via compliance measurements that the strength of the dislocation relaxation (and by inference the grown-in dislocation density) increases dramatically with the brine porosity. Naturally occurring sea ice grown in the presence of a current offers the further complexity that the c-axes of the constituent hexagonal crystals tend to align themselves with the direction of the current. Because of the overwhelming ease of slip on the basal plane relative to other slip systems, the fabric thus produced has major influence on the mechanical properties. This effect of fabric has been incorporated in the model and verified with laboratory experiments on aligned sea ice specimens. Discussion centers on the physical basis of the model and it is shown that the model predictions compare favorably with the available experimental data. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Appl Res Div, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Cole, DM (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Appl Res Div, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 35 IS 31-32 BP 4067 EP 4075 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(97)00301-6 PG 9 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 107MM UT WOS:000075213100005 ER PT J AU Sodhi, DS AF Sodhi, DS TI Vertical penetration of floating ice sheets SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Prager Symposium at the 35th Annual Meeting of the Society of Engineering Science CY OCT, 1996 CL ARIZONA STATE UNIV, TEMPE, ARIZONA SP Soc Engn Sci HO ARIZONA STATE UNIV AB Existing failure criteria for the bearing capacity of floating ice sheets predict the load for the occurrence of the first radial crack or a circumferential crack, when the maximum stress obtained from an elastic analysis in the ice equals the tensile strength. From full-scale and small-scale rests, the ultimate load to cause complete penetration of a floating ice sheet is much higher than that to cause the first radial crack. This can be attributed to wedging action during deformation of a radially cracked ice sheet. We present three approaches taken to determine the ice penetration force: (1) plastic limit analysis, (2) small-scale experiments, and (3) full-scale measurements in the field. Small-scale experiments were conducted with freshwater ice in the basin at the laboratory to understand the wedging action during the vertical loading of floating ice sheets. Results of the following series of experiments are presented: (a) beams with fixed ends, (b) paired cantilever beams arranged fi ee-end to free-end and loaded together, (c) beams with an apparatus inserted between the free ends of paired cantilever beams to measure the in-plane force during vertical loading, and (d) vertical downward loading of floating ice sheets with fixed and free boundaries. Analysis of the data from the beam tests reveals that the wedging action results in the development of wedging pressure in the top or bottom third of the ice thickness, and this results in a resisting moment that counters the deformation of a cracked ice sheer. An ice sheer attached to the basin wall inhibits the propagation of radial cracks because of the wedging action, whereas an ice sheet free at the edges from the surrounding ice sheet fails by the propagation of radial cracks all the way to the ice sheet's free boundary. The difference between the two breakthrough loads of the free and the fixed ice sheets can be attributed to wedging action. The results of the beam tests are used in the results of plastic limit analysis to predict the breakthrough loads of floating ice sheets, which are in agreement with loads measured during full-scale and small-scale experiments. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Sodhi, DS (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 35 IS 31-32 BP 4275 EP 4294 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(97)00316-8 PG 20 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 107MM UT WOS:000075213100018 ER PT J AU Li, QG Brewer, TG Peggins, JO AF Li, QG Brewer, TG Peggins, JO TI Anorectic toxicity of dihydroartemisinin, artemether, and arteether in rats following multiple intramuscular doses SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anorectic toxicity; arteether; artemether; dihydroartemisinin; food consummatory; gastric retention; gastric transit; rat ID IN-VITRO; NEUROTOXICITY; ARTEMISININ AB During studies of arteether (AE), artemether (AM), and dihydroartemisinin (DQHS) neurotoxicity, the effect of 7 daily intramuscular doses (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/d) of those antimalarial drugs on gastrointestinal function was investigated in rats. A modified Nichols' method was used to measure daily food and water consumption To estimate gastric transit, the total length amaranth (administered 40 minutes prior to sacrifice) dye traveled through small intestine were measured, and to determine gastric retention, the tied-off stomach pouch was removed and the contents weighed 24 hours after the last dose or when a rat became moribund or died. AM and AE dose solutions were prepared using sesame oil, whereas 50% dimethylacetamide (DMAC)/sesame oil was used for DQHS. The results showed that after dosing with 50 mg/kg for 7 days, 50% inhibition of food consumption (ID50) occurred at 1.9 days for DQHS, 3.9 days for AM, and 4.1 days for AE. Similar data were observed for water intake. After 100 mg/kg dosing, the ID(50)s for food and water consumption decreased to 2.8-2.9 days for AM and 3.1-3.7 days for AE. Food consumption and body weights were decreased following all three treatments, and rats exhibited neurologic symptoms at 25-100 mg/kg dose of DQHS and 50-100 mg/kg dose of AM and AE. In addition, the results constituted a 53% and 82% inhibition of gastric transit for AM and AE, respectively, at 25 mg/kg animals compared to control, and 100% inhibition was found in high doses (50 and 100 mg/kg) for all the three drugs. The gastric retention ratio (controls equal 1.0) was 26.0 for DQHS, 5.8 with AE, and 2.3 for AM rats following 50 mg/kg dosing. When the 100 mg/kg dose was administered, the gastric retention ratio doubled for AE (11.6) and AM (4.3). The consumption data indicated that DQHS was about 2-3 times more toxic to the anorexia than AM and AE at 25 and 50 mg/kg/day dose levels. Significant differences in gastric emptying and gastric transit activities between AE and AM were observed. Data demonstrated that after multiple intramuscular doses of DQHS, AM, or AE in rats food consumption and gastric emptying were decreased, gastric transit was inhibited, as reflected in a significant body weight reduction and death. Since an exhibition of the anorectic symptoms of AM and AE was at a lower dose than the neurologic signs in rats, the anorexia could be an early portent or prediction of the neurotoxicity in animals or humans. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Pharmacol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. US EPA, Toxicol Branch, Div Hlth Effects, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Li, QG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Pharmacol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Dr._Qigui_Li@wrsmtp-ccmail.army.mil NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 17 IS 6 BP 663 EP 676 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 130ZY UT WOS:000076552000004 ER PT J AU Hollandsworth, CE Powell, JD Keele, MJ Hummer, CR AF Hollandsworth, CE Powell, JD Keele, MJ Hummer, CR TI Electrical conduction in exploded segmented wires SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Recent work by Me-Bar and Harel, intended to characterize the conduction characteristics of exploding segmented wires, is extended. A set of experiments on conductors composed of various materials and in various geometries is undertaken. The experimental work is complemented by two-dimensional calculations in which the magnetic diffusion equation is solved for the problems at hand. Results from these calculations are used to explain the behavior observed in the experiments. It is also observed from the calculations that different results for segmented wins might be obtained if the plasma, resulting from partial explosion of the wins, is confined radially around the wire. A set of experiments to test this contention is undertaken, and produces results in good qualitative agreement with the theoretical predictions. Physical reasons for the observed behavior, as well as possible methods for ameliorating undesired effects, are indicated. [S0021-8979(98)07521-5]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Hollandsworth, CE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 5 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 84 IS 9 BP 4992 EP 5000 DI 10.1063/1.368745 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 128VF UT WOS:000076428500050 ER PT J AU Braun, B Butterfield, GE Dominick, SB Zamudio, S McCullough, RG Rock, PB Moore, LG AF Braun, B Butterfield, GE Dominick, SB Zamudio, S McCullough, RG Rock, PB Moore, LG TI Women at altitude: changes in carbohydrate metabolism at 4,300-m elevation and across the menstrual cycle SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glucose tolerance; estrogen; progesterone; insulin sensitivity; hypobaric hypoxia; ovarian hormones ID INSULIN SENSITIVITY; GLUCOSE-HOMEOSTASIS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; WEIGHT-LOSS; EXERCISE; HYPOXIA; PROGESTERONE; TRANSPORT; MEN AB We hypothesized that, in women, the blood glucose response to a meal (BGR) would be lower after exposure to 4,300 m compared with sea level (SL) and that BGR would be reduced in the presence of estrogen plus progesterone (E+P) relative to estrogen alone (E). Sixteen women were studied in both the E and E+P conditions at SL and in either the E or E+P condition at 4,300 m. On day 9 in each condition, blood was sampled before, and every 30 min for 2 h after, the subjects ate a high-carbohydrate meal. At 4,300 m, BGR peaked at a lower value (5.73 +/- 0.94 mM) than at SL (6.44 +/- 1.45 mM) and returned to baseline more slowly (P < 0.05). Plasma insulin values were the same but C peptide was slightly higher at 4,300 m (P < 0.05). At SL, BGR returned to baseline more slowly in E+P condition (5.13 +/- 0.89 and 5.21 +/- 0.91 mM at 60 and 90 min, respectively) relative to E condition (4.51 +/- 0.52 and 4.69 +/- 0.88 mM, respectively) (P < 0.05). Insulin and C peptide were not different between E and E+P conditions. The data indicate that BGR is lower in women at high altitude compared with the SL, possibly due to greater suppression of hepatic glucose production or stimulation of peripheral glucose uptake by insulin. BGR was lower in E condition relative to E+P condition at SL and possibly at 4,300 m, but the relative concentrations of ovarian hormones do not appear to alter the magnitude of the change in BGR when women are exposed to high altitude. C1 Vet Adm Med Ctr, Ctr Geriatr Res Educ & Clin, VA Hlth Care Syst, Aging Study Unit, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, CVP Res, Denver, CO 80262 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Div, Natick, MA 01460 USA. RP Braun, B (reprint author), Vet Adm Med Ctr, Ctr Geriatr Res Educ & Clin, VA Hlth Care Syst, Aging Study Unit, 182-B,3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM burrito1@leland.stanford.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1 RR-00083-33, 5-01 RR-00051] NR 36 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1966 EP 1973 PG 8 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 136TU UT WOS:000076875900049 PM 9804605 ER PT J AU Kraeling, MEK Reddy, G Bronaugh, RL AF Kraeling, MEK Reddy, G Bronaugh, RL TI Percutaneous absorption of trinitrobenzene: Animal models for human skin SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE percutaneous absorption; trinitrobenzene; animal skin models; human skin ID HAIRLESS GUINEA-PIG; METABOLISM; PENETRATION; BENZOCAINE AB The percutaneous absorption of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) was studied in viable skin from hairless guinea pigs (HGP), Fischer 344 rats and humans. Skin was dermatomed and assembled in flow-through diffusion cells followed by TNB application in either an acetone or a water vehicle, Skin absorption was expressed as the percentage of applied dose absorbed into skin and receptor fluid within 24 h, Rapid absorption of TNB by rodent skin was obtained with both vehicles. For HGP skin, TNB absorption was 72.7 +/- 5.5% in the acetone vehicle and 82.3 +/- 4.5% in the water vehicle. For rat skin, TNB absorption was 61.0 +/- 4.1% (acetone) and 66.5 +/- 4.1% (water), Absorption of TNB from acetone was significantly reduced (38.0 +/- 11.0%, P = 0.0118) in human skin, but absorption from water remained high (75.5 +/- 10.8%), Little TNB remained in skin when a thin (200 mu m) dermatome section was used (HGP and human skin). A thicker dermatome section was required (350 mu m) with haired rat skin, and 13-21% of the absorbed radioactivity remained in the skin at 24h, Rodent skin did not simulate satisfactorily the barrier properties of human skin when TNB absorption was reduced by application in a volatile solvent. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US FDA, Cosmet Toxicol Branch, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Off Cosmet & Colors, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Kraeling, MEK (reprint author), US FDA, Cosmet Toxicol Branch, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Off Cosmet & Colors, HFS-128,8301 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 18 IS 6 BP 387 EP 392 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199811/12)18:6<387::AID-JAT526>3.0.CO;2-W PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 140GD UT WOS:000077078500001 PM 9840746 ER PT J AU Olajos, EJ Olson, CT Salem, H Singer, AW Hayes, TL Menton, RG Miller, TL Rosso, T MacIver, B AF Olajos, EJ Olson, CT Salem, H Singer, AW Hayes, TL Menton, RG Miller, TL Rosso, T MacIver, B TI Evaluation of neutralized chemical agent identification sets (CAIS) for skin injury with an overview of the vesicant potential of agent degradation products SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microvesication; dermal toxicity; guinea-pig (hairless); blistering agents; Chemical Agent Identification Sets (CAIS); chemical neutralization; Rapid Response System (RRS); sulfur mustard (HD); nitrogen mustard (HN); lewisite (L) ID HAIRLESS GUINEA-PIGS; SULFUR MUSTARD AB Vesication and skin irritation studies were conducted in hairless guinea-pigs to determine the vesicant and skin irritation potential of chemically-neutralized Chemical Agent Identification Sets (CAIS), The CAIS are training items that contain chemical warfare-related material-sulfur mustard (HD), nitrogen mustard (HN) or lewisite (L)-and were declared obsolete in 1971, Animals were dosed topically with 'test article'-neat HD, 10% agent/chloroform solutions or product solutions (waste-streams) from neutralized CAIS-and evaluated for skin-damaging effects (gross and microscopic). Product solutions from the chemical neutralization of neat sulfur mustard resulted in microvesicle formation, All agent-dosed (HD or agent/chloroform solutions) sites manifested microblisters as well as other histopathological lesions of the skin. Waste-streams from the neutralization of agent (agent/chloroform or agent/charcoal) were devoid of vesicant activity. Cutaneous effects (erythema and edema) were consistent with the skin-injurious activity associated with the neutralizing reagent 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DCDMH), Chemical neutralization of CAIS was effective in eliminating/reducing the vesicant property of CAIS containing agent in chloroform or agent on charcoal but was inefficient in reducing the vesicant potential of CAIS containing neat sulfur mustard, (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Med Res & Evaluat Fac, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Olajos, EJ (reprint author), USA, Chem & Biol Def Command, Ctr Dev & Engn, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 18 IS 6 BP 409 EP + DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199811/12)18:6<409::AID-JAT515>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 140GD UT WOS:000077078500003 PM 9840748 ER PT J AU Bird, PE Harrington, DT Barillo, DJ McSweeney, A Shirani, KZ Goodwin, CW AF Bird, PE Harrington, DT Barillo, DJ McSweeney, A Shirani, KZ Goodwin, CW TI Elder abuse: A call to action SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article ID NEGLECT AB An estimated 2 million people a year are victims of elder abuse, which ranges from neglect and mistreatment to physical abuse. By the year 2020, a full 22% of the population will be aged 65 or older. This demographic explosion demands that we identify and protect those at risk. To investigate the incidence of elder abuse or neglect (EAN) and to determine clinician awareness of associated risk factors, we conducted a I-year retrospective review of thermally injured patients aged 60 or older. Data included age, total body surface area burned, mechanism of injury, length of hospital stay, mortality, abuse or neglect risk factors, and referral to the appropriate social agency. We found that our elderly patients (n = 28) were poorly screened for EAN. While 64% to 96% of patients were screened for cognitive impairment, overall health, and financial resources, none were screened for risk factors of emotional isolation. None of the patient's caregivers, including any spouses, roommates, or guardians, were screened for risk factors of substance abuse, familial violence, dependency needs, or external stresses. With the use of available data, we were able to place 11 patients on the following levels of abuse or neglect: 1) low risk for abuse; 2) self-neglect; 3) neglect; and 4) abuse. By this scale, 7 patients (64%) were victims of self-neglect, 3 patients (27%) were victims of neglect, and 1 patient (9%) was a victim of abuse. Adult Protective Services intervened in 2 cases. Recognizing that all cases of EAN should be preventable, we cannot accept the socioeconomic impact of this entity. The II patients identified as victims of neglect, self-neglect, or abuse accounted for 135 hospital days and 8 fatalities. Before we can address EAN, health care personnel must be made aware of the problem and routine screening for risk factors must be implemented. The true incidence of EAN is likely underestimated because health care providers have difficulty recognizing its features. A standard assessment tool to screen for neglect or abuse should be used for each older adult admission. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Bird, PE (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0273-8481 J9 J BURN CARE REHABIL JI J. Burn Care Rehabil. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 19 IS 6 BP 522 EP 527 DI 10.1097/00004630-199811000-00011 PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine; Rehabilitation; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Rehabilitation; Surgery GA 144HP UT WOS:000077308700009 PM 9848043 ER PT J AU Madico, G Quinn, TC Rompalo, A McKee, KT Gaydos, CA AF Madico, G Quinn, TC Rompalo, A McKee, KT Gaydos, CA TI Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection by PCR using vaginal swab samples SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; RISK-FACTORS; WET-MOUNT; SPECIMENS; PREVALENCE; VAGINITIS; CULTURE AB Trichomonas vaginalis infection is the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the world. A PCR test using vaginal swab samples for the detection of T. vaginalis was developed to add T, vaginalis infection to the growing list of STDs that can be detected by DNA amplification techniques. A primer set, BTUB 9/2, was designed to target a well-conserved region in the beta-tubulin genes of T, vaginalis, All strains (15 of 15) of T. vaginalis tested were successfully detected by PCR giving a single predicted product of 112 bp in gel electrophoresis. No such targeted product was amplified with DNA from Trichomonas tenax, Trichomonas gallinae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Giardia lamblia, Chilomastix sulcatus, Dientamoeba fragilis, and Entamoeba histolytica. An optimal analytical sensitivity of one T. vaginalis organism per PCR was achieved. Culture, performed with the Inpouch TV culture system, was examined daily with a light microscope to identify T. vaginalis, Twenty-three of 350 (6.6%) vaginal swab samples from women attending an army medical clinic were culture positive for T. vaginalis, Of these culture positive specimens, PCR detected 22 of 23 (96%) with primer set BTUB 9/2, and wet preparation detected only 12 of 23 (52%). Seventeen specimens were BTUB 9/2-PCR positive and culture negative. Ten of these discordant specimens were determined to be as true positive by PCR using primer sets TVA 5-1/6 and/or AP65 A/B, which target different regions in the T. vaginalis genome, and seven were determined to be false positive. The sensitivity of BTUB 9/2-PCR was 97% and the specificity was 98%, The sensitivities of culture and wet preparation were 70 and 36%, respectively. The diagnosis of T. vaginalis infection by PCR is a sensitive and specific method that could be incorporated into a joint strategy for the screening of multiple STDs by using molecular amplification methods. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. RP Gaydos, CA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, 1154 Ross Res Bldg,720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM cgaydos@welchlink.welch.jhu.edu RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010; Quinn, Thomas/A-2494-2010 NR 28 TC 125 Z9 142 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 36 IS 11 BP 3205 EP 3210 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 129YG UT WOS:000076491200018 PM 9774566 ER PT J AU Fox, KF Fox, A Nagpal, M Steinberg, P Heroux, K AF Fox, KF Fox, A Nagpal, M Steinberg, P Heroux, K TI Identification of Brucella by ribosomal-spacer-region PCR and differentiation of Brucella canis from other Brucella spp. pathogenic for humans by carbohydrate profiles SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; GENUS BRUCELLA; RNA SPACER; ABORTUS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; STRAINS; MILK; DNA; AMPLIFICATION AB Molecular and chemical characteristics often provide complementary information in the differentiation of closely related organisms. The genus Brucella consists of a highly conserved group of organisms. Identification of the four species pathogenic in humans (Brucella melitensis, Brucella abortus, Brucella suis, and Brucella canis) is problematic for many clinical laboratories that depend primarily on serology and phenotypic characteristics to differentiate species. PCR amplification of the 16S-23S ribosomal DNA interspace region was evaluated for species-specific polymorphism. B, abortus, B, melitensis, B. suis, and B, canis produced identical PCR interspace profiles, However, these PCR products were unique to brucellae, allowing them to be readily distinguished from other gram-negative bacteria (including Bartonella spp. and Agrobacterium spp,), Carbohydrate profiles differentiated B, canis from the other three Brucella species due to the absence of the rare amino sugar quinovosamine in the three other species. PCR of the rRNA interspace region is useful in identification of the genus Brucella, while carbohydrate profiling is capable of differentiating B. canis from the other Brucella species. C1 Univ S Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USA, Ctr Dev & Engn, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Fox, A (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 36 IS 11 BP 3217 EP 3222 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 129YG UT WOS:000076491200020 PM 9774568 ER PT J AU Burke, BJ Washowich, TL AF Burke, BJ Washowich, TL TI Ureteral jets in normal second- and third-trimester pregnancy SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND LA English DT Article DE pregnancy complications; ultrasonography; Doppler; ureteral obstruction ID COLOR DOPPLER SONOGRAPHY; URINARY-TRACT; DILATATION; BLADDER; CALCULI; US AB Purpose. We wished to assess whether urodynamic changes accompanying normal pregnancy altered the pattern of ureteral jets, complicating detection of pathologic obstruction. Methods. Ureteral jets were observed with color Doppler sonography for 5 minutes in 26 women in the second or third trimester of pregnancy and in 6 nonpregnant controls (3 men and 3 women). Results. A mean of 5.5 jets/minute were detected in the pregnant subjects, and the mean difference in frequency of jets between the right and left sides was 42%. Corresponding results for controls were 7.6 jets/minute and 11%, respectively. The 2 groups were significantly different with respect to jet symmetry (p < 0.02). Unilateral absence of jets was noted in 4 pregnant women but in no controls. Conclusions. Because of variation in ureteral jet bilaterality and symmetry during the later stages of pregnancy, caution is recommended in the use of the technique to diagnose obstructive urolithiasis in this population. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Burke, BJ (reprint author), N Shore Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, 300 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0091-2751 J9 J CLIN ULTRASOUND JI J. Clin. Ultrasound PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 26 IS 9 BP 423 EP 426 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0096(199811/12)26:9<423::AID-JCU1>3.0.CO;2-P PG 4 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 129YK UT WOS:000076491500001 PM 9800156 ER PT J AU Camfield, FE AF Camfield, FE TI Guidelines for quarrystone armor units SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Guidelines are provided for inspection and selective placement of quarrystone armor units used for breakwaters, jetties, and revetments. General guidelines are suggested for procurement and inspection of stone at quarries, transportation and storage of stone, and the individual placement of stone in structure armor layers. Guidelines for placement include recommendations for the progression of construction, orientation of stones, elevations of stones in the structure's armor layer, gradation and keying of stones, and on-site inspection for stone weights and quality. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Res Hydr Engr Coast & Hydr Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Camfield, FE (reprint author), 700 Longview St, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9364 J9 J CONSTR ENG M ASCE JI J. Constr. Eng. Manage.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 124 IS 6 BP 465 EP 466 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(1998)124:6(465) PG 2 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 139JR UT WOS:000077025900005 ER PT J AU Joyce, AP Loushine, RJ West, LA Runyan, DA Cameron, SM AF Joyce, AP Loushine, RJ West, LA Runyan, DA Cameron, SM TI Photoelastic comparison of stress induced by using stainless-steel versus nickel-titanium spreaders in vitro SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL ROOT FRACTURE; LATERAL CONDENSATION AB The vertical force applied to an endodontic spreader generates stress along the canal walls. Recognizing the potential for this stress may reduce the incidence of vertical root fractures. A photoelastic acrylic model was fabricated to exhibit the stress produced during obturation of curved canals using the lateral condensation technique. Twenty standardized models simulating curved canals (32 degrees) were formed within PL-2 photoelastic acrylic resin blocks. The canals were fitted with a gutta-percha point, and either a stainless-steel or nickel-titanium finger spreader was inserted. An Instron 4502 universal testing machine applied a vertical force of 20 Newtons to the spreader. Quarter wave and polarizing filters were used with backlighting to generate the fringe patterns in the models. Photographs of the resulting stress lines showed that the stainless-steel spreaders created three areas of concentrated stress. The nickel-titanium spreaders induced stress patterns spread out along the surface of the canals, thus reducing the concentration of stress and the potential for vertical root fracture. C1 USA, DENTAC, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. DD Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA USA. USA, Dent Activ, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP West, LA (reprint author), USA, DENTAC, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 24 IS 11 BP 714 EP 715 DI 10.1016/S0099-2399(98)80159-3 PG 2 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 134JG UT WOS:000076739300006 PM 9855819 ER PT J AU Berry, KA Loushine, RJ Primack, PD Runyan, DA AF Berry, KA Loushine, RJ Primack, PD Runyan, DA TI Nickel-titanium versus stainless-steel finger spreaders in curved canals SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID LATERAL CONDENSATION; APICAL SEAL AB Placement of endodontic spreaders to within 1 to 2 mm of the root canal working length has been advocated for optimum gutta-percha obturation. Due to their stiffness, stainless-steel (SS) spreaders will often fail to achieve this position in curved canals. Newly marketed nickel-titanium (NiTi) spreaders may offer an advantage in this regard due to the increased flexibility of these instruments. Seventy mesial and distal mandibular molar canals were instrumented to a #35 master apical file size. Measurements of the canal curvature were made from preoperative radiographs. Canal curvature angles ranged from 0 to 51 degrees. The teeth were placed in a radiographic mount to ensure a constant focal length, and postoperative radiographs were exposed with comparably sized SS and NiTi spreaders inserted into each prepared canal. Measurements of spreader tip to apex distance were made with a micrometer to the nearest 0.02 mm on the radiographs. Using a t test for paired samples, it was shown that NiTi spreaders penetrated to a significantly greater depth than SS spreaders in curved canals (p < 0.001). C1 USA, Dent Activ, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Berry, KA (reprint author), USA, Dent Activ, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 24 IS 11 BP 752 EP 754 DI 10.1016/S0099-2399(98)80167-2 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 134JG UT WOS:000076739300014 PM 9855827 ER PT J AU Qi, SY Hay, KJ Rood, MJ AF Qi, SY Hay, KJ Rood, MJ TI Isotherm equation for water vapor adsorption onto activated carbon SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; POROUS CARBON; FIBERS AB A simple isotherm model has been developed for the type-5 equilibrium adsorption systems by considering the effects of both primary and secondary adsorptive sites. The model was applied to interpret experimental data describing water vapor adsorption capacities of four activated carbon adsorbents for relative vapor pressures from 0.0 to 0.95 and temperatures between 288 and 308 K. Good agreement was observed between the model and experimental results. The isotherm parameters were found to either correlate well to the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller specific surface area or have limited effect on describing the adsorption onto adsorbents made from the same precursor but activated with different degrees of burnout. The limiting pore volumes of the adsorbents obtained from the model based on water vapor adsorption compared favorably with those measured using volatile organic compounds. C1 USA, Constr Engrg Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Qi, SY (reprint author), USA, Constr Engrg Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RI Qi, Shaoying/A-2837-2008 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD NOV PY 1998 VL 124 IS 11 BP 1130 EP 1134 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1998)124:11(1130) PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 131ZK UT WOS:000076605000016 ER PT J AU Meyer, MC Paschke, MW McLendon, T Price, D AF Meyer, MC Paschke, MW McLendon, T Price, D TI Decreases in soil microbial function and functional diversity in response to depleted uranium SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-SOURCE UTILIZATION; HEAVY-METALS; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; LIGNIN CONTROL; FOREST SOIL; MICROCOSM; PATTERNS; RATES AB A soil microcosm experiment was used to analyze effects of depleted uranium (DU) on soil function, and the concomitant changes in bacterial functional diversity. Uranium treatment levels were 0, 50, 500, 5000, 10000, and 25000 mg DU kg(-1) soil. Three measures of soil function were made. Overall soil biological activity was assessed via measurement of soil respiration. Decomposition was assessed by measurement of mass loss of four different plant litter types: wood sticks, cellulose paper, high-N grass, and low-N grass. Mineral N availability in the microcosms was estimated using ion-exchange resin bags, Functional diversity of the microcosms was analyzed through the use of the Biolog-system of sole-C-utilization patterns. Soil respiration was the most sensitive measure of functional changes, with significant decreases observed starting at the 500 mg kg(-1) treatment. No differences In N availability were observed across the U treatments. Litter decomposition was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) at the 25000 mg kg(-1) level relative to the control for all litter types except the high-N grass. Wood decomposition was reduced by 84% at the 25000 mg kg(-1) treatment, cellulose paper by 68%, and low-N grass by 15%. Decreases In thr functional diversity of the bacterial community were related to the observed decrease in soil respiration, and to the greater effect on decomposition of the lower quality litter types. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ctr Ecol Risk Assessment & Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Biol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Labs, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RP Meyer, MC (reprint author), Geomega, 2995 Baseline Rd,Suite 202, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Paschke, Mark/E-3799-2013 OI Paschke, Mark/0000-0002-6345-5905 NR 53 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1306 EP 1311 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 141CV UT WOS:000077125800012 ER PT J AU Sayles, JM D'Addio, V Wang, JY Bass, BL AF Sayles, JM D'Addio, V Wang, JY Bass, BL TI Epidermal growth factor-stimulated rabbit oesophageal mucosal growth: Role of polyamines SO JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Alimentary Disease Week - 9th International Conference on Ulcer Research/4th International conference of Gastroenterology/3rd Asian AGA Course on Gastroenterology CY DEC 12-17, 1997 CL HONG KONG, PEOPLES R CHINA DE epidermal growth factor; growth; oesophagus; ornithine decarboxylase; polyamines ID ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE; LUMINAL POLYAMINES; CELLS; EXPRESSION; ESOPHAGUS AB Factors operative in oesophageal mucosa growth are poorly characterized. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to stimulate mucosal growth throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The present study was performed to test the hypothesis that polyamine biosynthesis is required for stimulation of epithelial growth by EGF in oesophageal mucosa. Using an in vitro explant model, oesophageal mucosal growth was quantified in the presence or absence of EGF and alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a specific inhibitor of polyamine synthesis. Administration of 50 nmol/L EGF significantly increased the rate of epithelial growth in oesophageal explants. Treatment with DFMO for 3 and 7 days not only depleted the tissue polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine, but also significantly impaired mucosal growth. The inhibitory effect of DFMO on mucosal growth was partially but significantly prevented when exogenous putrescine was given. Additionally, stimulation of epithelial growth by EGF was also blocked by depletion of cellular polyamines in DFMO-treated oesophageal explants. These results indicate that EGF stimulates epithelial growth of oesophageal mucosa at least partly through a process involving polyamine biosynthesis. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Surg Serv 112, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Bass, BL (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Surg Serv 112, 10 N Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE ASIA PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 0815-9319 J9 J GASTROEN HEPATOL JI J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 13 SU 2 BP S149 EP S155 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 151XM UT WOS:000077746000003 ER PT J AU Loomis-Price, LD Cox, JH Mascola, JR VanCott, TC Michael, NL Fouts, TR Redfield, RR Robb, ML Wahren, B Sheppard, HW Birx, DL AF Loomis-Price, LD Cox, JH Mascola, JR VanCott, TC Michael, NL Fouts, TR Redfield, RR Robb, ML Wahren, B Sheppard, HW Birx, DL TI Correlation between humoral responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope and disease progression in early-stage infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Keystone Symposium on AIDS Pathogenesis CY APR, 1997 CL KEYSTONE, COLORADO ID MULTIPIN PEPTIDE-SYNTHESIS; LONG-TERM NONPROGRESSORS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; HIV-1 INFECTION; CELLULAR CYTOTOXICITY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NEUTRALIZING ACTIVITY; ENV PROTEINS; AMINO-ACID; EPITOPE AB Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected rapid and slow progressors showed differential humoral responses against MV envelope peptides and proteins early in infection. Sera from slow progressors reacted more strongly with short envelope peptides modeling gp160(NL4-3), predominantly in gp41, Reactivity to six peptides (in constant regions C3, C4, and C5 of gp120 and in gp41) correlated with slower progression, In a novel association, reactivity to three peptides (in constant regions C1 and C3 and variable region V3 of gp120) correlated with faster progression. Envelope peptide reactivity correlated with subsequent course of disease progression as strongly as did reactivity to gag p24, Patients heterozygous for 32-bp deletions in the CCR5 coreceptor reacted more frequently to an epitope in gp41, Rapid progressors had greater gp120 native-to-denatured binding ratios than did slow progressors. White antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against gp120 did not strongly differentiate the groups, slow progressors showed a broader neutralization pattern against 5 primary virus isolates. C1 HM Jackson Fdn, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, HIV Lab, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. SRA Technol, Rockville, MD USA. Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY USA. Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Stockholm, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. Calif State Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Loomis-Price, LD (reprint author), HM Jackson Fdn, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, HIV Lab, 13 Taft Ct,Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM lloomis-price@hiv.hjf.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-82515, AI-34783] NR 60 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 178 IS 5 BP 1306 EP 1316 DI 10.1086/314436 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 138TQ UT WOS:000076989500010 PM 9780250 ER PT J AU Ellis, BA Mills, JN Glass, GE McKee, KT Enria, DA Childs, JE AF Ellis, BA Mills, JN Glass, GE McKee, KT Enria, DA Childs, JE TI Dietary habits of the common rodents in an agroecosystem in Argentina SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Calomys musculinus; Calomys laucha; Akodon azarae; Oligoryzomys flavescens; Bolomys obscurus; dietary selection; food habits ID MICROHISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; FIELD EXPERIMENT; HERBIVORE DIETS; FOOD-HABITS; EXTRA FOOD; POPULATIONS; PREDATION; SELECTION; COMMUNITY; PRECISION AB Dietary habits of five common rodents in agroecosystems on the central Argentine Pampa were studied for 15 months using microhistological analysis of stomach contents. All five rodent species were omnivorous, but proportions of major dietary items (arthropods, dicot leaves and seeds, monocot leaves and seeds) varied among species and seasons. Akodon azarae largely was entomophagous; arthropods formed 41-62% of the diet in all seasons. The other four species (Calomys musculinus, Calomys laucha, Bolomys obscurus, and Oligoryzomys flavescens) consumed most diet items throughout the year, but relative proportions varied among seasons. Leaves formed a relatively minor proportion of the diet (12-16% overall for all species) throughout the year. All species except A. azarae consumed higher quantities of seeds (50-73% of stomach volume) than arthropods (15-35%) during autumn and winter but switched to higher quantities of arthropods (30-53%) in spring and summer. Diet breadth was narrower and overlap generally highest during winter when all species were forced to subsist on a reduced set of available resources. Of 28 plant species with >2% cover in the environment, 25 were identified in stomachs of one or more of the five rodent species. The most important plant species in the diet were corn and soybeans (mostly grain), seed of Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense), chickweed (Stellaria media), and Amaranthus. High consumption of arthropods, especially by A. azarae, contraindicates the broad-scale use of rodenticides until the role of that rodent species in the control of pest insects can be ascertained. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Nacl Enfermedades Virales Humanas, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Womach Army Med Ctr, Communicable Dis Unit, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. RP Ellis, BA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RI Self, Casey/B-6871-2011; Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 49 TC 35 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 79 IS 4 BP 1203 EP 1220 DI 10.2307/1383012 PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 145PH UT WOS:000077379900012 ER PT J AU Ballato, J Riman, RE Vig, JR Laffey, SM AF Ballato, J Riman, RE Vig, JR Laffey, SM TI Helical etch channels in quartz SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Helical etch channels were found to form in alpha-quartz when treated with anhydrous HF vapor at 400 degrees C. Both hydrogen and fluorine species were determined to play an important role in helix formation. Crystal orientation, quartz source, etch channel density, and surface pretreatments had no influence. Helix formation was altogether arrested when water was present in the etch vapor. The genesis of the helices remains unknown. C1 USA, Communicat Elect Command, AMSEL RD C2 CS, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ceram & Mat Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Vig, JR (reprint author), USA, Communicat Elect Command, AMSEL RD C2 CS, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 13 IS 11 BP 3144 EP 3148 DI 10.1557/JMR.1998.0427 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 134TA UT WOS:000076758200017 ER PT J AU Brubaker, JF Turell, MJ AF Brubaker, JF Turell, MJ TI Effect of environmental temperature on the susceptibility of Culex pipiens (Diptera : Culicidae) to Rift Valley Fever virus SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culex pipiens; temperature; Rift Valley Fever virus ID WESTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES; VECTOR COMPETENCE; EXTRINSIC INCUBATION; AEDES-TAENIORHYNCHUS; TARSALIS; MOSQUITOS; EGYPT AB Studies were conducted to determine the effect of environmental temperature on the susceptibility of Culex pipiens (L.) to Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus. Larval rearing temperature (13, 17, 19, or 26 degrees C) did not affect the susceptibility of adult female Cr. pipiens to infection with RVF virus. In contrast, the adult holding temperature after a viremic blood meal affected infection rates in females. Significantly fewer mosquitoes contained detectable virus when they were held at cooler temperatures, 13 degrees C (10%), 17 degrees C (20%), and 19 degrees C (41%) than at a warmer temperature, 28 degrees C (91%). For mosquitoes held at 13 degrees C and then switched to 26 degrees C, infection rates increased steadily with increased time at 26 degrees C. There was no effect on the ability to detect RVF virus in adult females that were subjected to cooler holding temperature (17 degrees C) after they were first held at warmer temperature (26 degrees C). The role of environmental temperature needs to be considered in studies on the epidemiology of arthropod-borne viruses. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Brubaker, JF (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 35 IS 6 BP 918 EP 921 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 143HX UT WOS:000077250400004 PM 9835680 ER PT J AU Guo, HR Gilmore, R Waag, DM Shireley, L Freund, E AF Guo, HR Gilmore, R Waag, DM Shireley, L Freund, E TI Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infections among North Dakota sheep producers SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID WILDLIFE-LIVESTOCK ENVIRONMENT; Q-FEVER; UNITED-STATES; NOVA-SCOTIA; OUTBREAK; PNEUMONIA; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY; ENDOCARDITIS; CAT AB A case of Q fever in a sheep producer was detected by a surveillance system in North Dakota in 1993 when Q fever was not reportable. This is the first officially documented case in the state. To estimate the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infection and identify associated risk factors, we conducted a slurry covering the whole state. A total of 17 cases were identified among 496 sheep producers, their-family members, and hired helpers. The number of sheep raised was a good predictor of C. burnetii infection, Lambing outdoors and frequent physical contacts with sheep during lambing were associated with a higher risk, but petting dogs was correlated with a lower risk. We conclude that C. burnetii infection is prevalent among sheep producers in North Dakota, As the result, Q fever became a reportable disease in North Dakota. C1 Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Tainan 70428, Taiwan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH USA. N Dakota State Dept Hlth & Consolidated Labs, Bismarck, ND USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. RP Guo, HR (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, 138 Sheng Li Rd, Tainan 70428, Taiwan. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 40 IS 11 BP 999 EP 1006 DI 10.1097/00043764-199811000-00011 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 140AD UT WOS:000077062600011 PM 9830608 ER PT J AU Lai, M Skanchy, D Stobaugh, J Topp, E AF Lai, M Skanchy, D Stobaugh, J Topp, E TI Capillary electrophoresis separation of an asparagine containing hexapeptide and its deamidation products SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE capillary electrophoresis; peptide; deamidation; polyvinyl alcohol; RP-HPLC ID ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; GROWTH-HORMONE; PEPTIDES; PROTEINS; DEGRADATION; MODEL AB A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was developed for the separation of a model hexapeptide (L-Val-L-Tyr-L-Pro-L-Asn-Gly-L-Ala) and its degradation products. Separations using CE had much shorter analysis times than the RP-HPLC assay used previously. CE was also evaluated for possible use in analyzing peptide samples containing polymers. With a thorough rinsing procedure between runs, the presence of a model polymer did not affect the separation of the peptides. The CE assay can be applied to the study of peptide stability in polymers. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Med Chem, Washington, DC 20303 USA. RP Topp, E (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, 2095 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. FU PHS HHS [EM-08359] NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0731-7085 J9 J PHARMACEUT BIOMED JI J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 18 IS 3 BP 421 EP 427 DI 10.1016/S0731-7085(98)00049-1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 145YM UT WOS:000077399900013 PM 10096836 ER PT J AU Andreas, EL AF Andreas, EL TI A new sea spray generation function for wind speeds up to 32m s(-1) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID JET DROPS; MARINE AEROSOL; SURFACE PRODUCTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BURSTING BUBBLES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WATER SURFACES; HEAT FLUXES; FILM DROPS; WHITECAP AB The sea spray generation function quantifies the rate at which spray droplets of a given size are produced at the sea surface. As such, it is important in studies of the marine aerosol and its optical properties and in understanding the role that sea spray plays in transferring hear and moisture across the air-sea interface. The emphasis here is on this latter topic, where uncertainty over the spray generation function, especially in high winds, is a major obstacle. This paper surveys the spray generation functions available in the literature and, on theoretical grounds, focuses on one by M. H. Smith et al. that has some desirable properties but does not cover a wide enough droplet size range to be immediately useful for quantifying spray heat transfer. With reasonable modifications and extrapolations, however, the paper casts the Smith function into a new form that can be used to predict the production of sea spray droplets with radii from 2 to 500 mu m for 10-m winds from 0 to 32.5 m s(-1). The paper closes with sample calculations of the sensible and latent heat fluxes carried by spray that are based on this new spray generation function. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Andreas, EL (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 62 TC 143 Z9 149 U1 5 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 28 IS 11 BP 2175 EP 2184 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<2175:ANSSGF>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 145JL UT WOS:000077367400005 ER PT J AU Schroeder, MA AF Schroeder, MA TI Possible chemical mechanisms for boron hydride acceleration of nitramine decomposition: Literature review SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID CONDENSED-PHASE DECOMPOSITION; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GASEOUS PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS; 1,3,5 TRIAZINE RDX; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; CYCLOTRIMETHYLENETRINITRAMINE RDX; TEMPORAL BEHAVIORS; ISOTOPE ANALYSES; OCTAHYDRO-1,3,5,7-TETRANITRO-1,3,5,7-TETRAZOCINE AB This paper is a summary of observations and possible chemical mechanisms for the acceleration of the thermal decomposition of nitramines octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and of propellants derived from them, by salts containing the anions B10H10= and B12H12=, Available literature on the thermal behavior of salts containing these anions are reviewed as well as available information on the effects of these salts on the decomposition and combustion of HMX and RDX, The emphasis is on thermal decomposition and salts with alkali metal cations, The pure salts appear stable under vacuum or inert gas to similar to 700-800 degrees C, but there are reports of H-2 evolution at about 620-650 degrees C. In the presence of air, thermo-oxidative degradation at somewhat lower temperatures (similar to 300-600 degrees C, depending on the nature of the salt) is observed, When the salts are heated together with RDX, considerable enhancement of the decomposition rate of RDX is observed; this begins at the melting temperature of pure RDX and becomes intense, leading to a lower, much sharper decomposition exotherm, These observations seem consistent with an acceleration mechanism involving attack on the nitramine by the B-H hydrogens of the boron hydride salt, but it is difficult to evaluate the role of other processes or the reaction of the accelerant with products, particularly nitrogen oxides. C1 USA, Ballist Res Lab, Weap Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Schroeder, MA (reprint author), USA, Ballist Res Lab, Weap Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 76 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 14 IS 6 BP 981 EP 990 DI 10.2514/2.5363 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 139HK UT WOS:000077022300015 ER PT J AU Steinhagen, MR Meyers, MC Erickson, HH Noble, L Richardson, MT AF Steinhagen, MR Meyers, MC Erickson, HH Noble, L Richardson, MT TI Physiological profile of college club-sport lacrosse athletes SO JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE body composition; aerobic power; anaerobic capacity; coronary risk ID PERFORMANCE; INJURIES; POWER AB Due to the emphasis on preventive sports medicine, it has become increasingly important to identify physiological indices of athletic performance and predisposition to injury. Although physiological testing is typically used to assess physical status of athletes in numerous sports, no research has been published that addresses the physiological profile of college lacrosse athletes. Thus this study sought to quantify body composition, maximal aerobic power, anaerobic capacity, blood chemistry and coronary risk factors on 30 college male club-lacrosse athletes. Data were grouped by player position (attack, n = 5; defense, II = 8; goalie, n = 2; midfield, n = 15) and skill level(1st team, n = 14; 2nd team, n = 16). Results indicated the lacrosse players were above average in some indices of maximal aerobic power during exercise stress testing. They had higher maximal power, mean power, and total work output, collectively, than reported for other college athletes. Analysis of body composition revealed a mean body fat of 15% for the entire sample. Mean resting blood chemistries were within normal limits. Based on their exercise response, body composition, and blood Lipid profile, these athletes are at low risk for developing coronary heart disease. They also exhibit high anaerobic capacity reflective of this sport. C1 Physiotherapy Associates, Dallas, TX 75150 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Anat & Physiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Kinesiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USA, Phys Fitness Inst, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. RP Steinhagen, MR (reprint author), Physiotherapy Associates, 1645 Town E Blvd,Suite 142, Mesquite, TX 75150 USA. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1064-8011 J9 J STRENGTH COND RES JI J. Strength Cond. Res. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 BP 226 EP 231 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 136JV UT WOS:000076856400004 ER PT J AU English, JC King, DHC Foley, JP AF English, JC King, DHC Foley, JP TI Penile shaft hypopigmentation: Lichen sclerosus occurring after the initiation of alprostadil intracavernous injections for erectile dysfunction SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROSTAGLANDIN-E1; ASSOCIATION; THERAPY; SKIN C1 Evans Army Community Hosp, Dermatol Serv, Ft Carson, CO 80713 USA. Evans Army Community Hosp, Urol Serv, Ft Carson, CO USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP English, JC (reprint author), Evans Army Community Hosp, Dermatol Serv, Ft Carson, CO 80713 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 39 IS 5 BP 801 EP 803 PN 1 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 135HP UT WOS:000076796100020 PM 9810901 ER PT J AU Ngo, ND Mohan, RV Chung, PW Tamma, KK AF Ngo, ND Mohan, RV Chung, PW Tamma, KK TI Recent developments encompassing non-isothermal/isothermal liquid composite molding process modeling/analysis: Physically accurate, computationally effective, and affordable simulations and validations SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT SIMULATION; INPLANE FLOW; POROUS-MEDIA; SLOW FLOW; RTM; RESIN; PERMEABILITY; REINFORCEMENTS; VOLUME; SRIM AB The mathematical and associated computational modeling and analysis of mold filling, heat transfer: and polymerization reaction kinetics in Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) are quite complex and not only require accurate computational approaches to capture the process physics during the simulations, but also must permit complex geometric configurations to be effectively analyzed. The process simulations at a macroscopic level require the representative macroscopic constitutive behavior which can be predicted from a microscopic analysis of the representative volume element (RVE) of the fiber preform configurations. This is first presented here for purposes of illustration in reference to determination of the preform flow permeabilities. Next, an effective integrated micro/macro approach and developments including a viable flow solution modeling and analysis methodology with emphasis on providing improved physical accuracy of solutions and computational advantages are described for the transient flow progression inside a mold cavity filled with a fiber preform under isothermal and non-isothermal flow conditions. The improved physical accuracy and the overall effectiveness of the new computational developments for realistic process modeling simulations are first demonstrated for isothermal conditions. Subsequently, the new integrated flow/ thermal methodology and developments are extended for non-isothermal conditions. The highly advective nature of the non-isothermal conditions involving thermal and polymerization reactions also require special numerical considerations and stabilization techniques and art: also addressed here. Finally, validations and comparisons are presented with available analytical and experimental results whenever feasible. Emphasis is also placed upon demonstrations for practical engineering problems. C1 Univ Minnesota, Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Tamma, KK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, 111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 55 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 0892-7057 J9 J THERMOPLAST COMPOS JI J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 11 IS 6 BP 493 EP 532 PG 40 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 141UQ UT WOS:000077163000002 ER PT J AU Marsh, C Carnahan, JV AF Marsh, C Carnahan, JV TI Comparison of failure rates in conduits for underground heat distribution SO JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB A survey of existing underground heat distribution systems was conducted to compare the failure characteristics of steel conduits with fiberglass reinforced plastic conduits. Pressure testing was carried out in order to set an objective standard for performance. Plastic conduits were found to have a failure rate 4-5 times as high as steel conduits. The implications of this for a comparative life-cycle cost analysis are very serious. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Marsh, C (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-947X J9 J TRANSP ENG-ASCE JI J. Transp. Eng.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 124 IS 6 BP 589 EP 593 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(1998)124:6(589) PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 131ZL UT WOS:000076605100011 ER PT J AU Cordts, PR Eclavea, A Buckley, PJ DeMaioribus, CA Cockerill, ML Yeager, TD AF Cordts, PR Eclavea, A Buckley, PJ DeMaioribus, CA Cockerill, ML Yeager, TD TI Pelvic congestion syndrome: Early clinical results after transcatheter ovarian vein embolization SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Meeting of the American-Venous-Forum CY FEB 18-22, 1998 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FLORIDA SP Amer Venous Forum ID LOWER ABDOMINAL-PAIN; WOMEN; VARICOSITIES; ULTRASOUND; VARICES AB Purpose: This case series describes the early radiographic and clinical results of attempted transcatheter ovarian vein (OV) embolization in 11 women with symptoms that were suggestive of the pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS). Methods: Eleven women (mean age, 33.1 years) who mere multiparous were referred for lower extremity or vulvar varicosities (n = 8) or for tube-ovarian varicosities (n = 3). After a clinical diagnosis of PCS was established, the women underwent ovarian (n = 5) or ovarian and iliac vein (n = 6) venography. Enlarged or incompetent OVs were embolized with 0.035-inch stainless steel coils or with 0.018-inch platinum microcoils and absorbable gelatin sponge. Incompetent tributaries to hypogastric veins were embolized as well (n = 1). Symptoms before embolization and after embolization were recorded with a standard questionnaire, and the post-embolization symptoms were expressed as individual and overall percent relief. Results: Nine of the 11 women underwent embolization. Embolization of both OVs (n = 4), of the left OV alone (n = 4), or of a left obturator vein that communicated with vulvar varices (n = 1) was performed. Eight of the 9 women (88.9%) had more than 80% immediate relief. Overall and individual symptom relief varied from 40% to 100% at the mean 13.4-month follow-up. One woman with variant anatomy and one woman with evidence of prior left OV thrombosis were not treated. There were no major complications. Two women had a mild to moderate return of the symptoms at 6 and 22 months. Conclusions: Transcatheter embolization provides excellent initial and variable midterm relief in women with typical PCS symptoms and with OV or OV and internal iliac (hypogastric) tributary vein incompetence. This interventional technique may replace or complement the traditional surgical approaches to this rarely recognized and poorly understood disease. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Vasc Surg Sect, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Sect Intervent Radiol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Cordts, PR (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Vasc Surg Sect, MCHK DSG,CDR TAMC,1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 33 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 28 IS 5 BP 862 EP 868 DI 10.1016/S0741-5214(98)70062-X PG 7 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 136VA UT WOS:000076878800013 PM 9808854 ER PT J AU Demeter, LM D'Aquila, R Weislow, O Lorenzo, E Erice, A Fitzgibbon, J Shafer, R Richman, D Howard, TM Zhao, YQ Fisher, E Huang, D Mayers, D Sylvester, S Arens, M Sannerud, K Rasheed, S Johnson, V Kuritzkes, D Reichelderfer, P Japour, A AF Demeter, LM D'Aquila, R Weislow, O Lorenzo, E Erice, A Fitzgibbon, J Shafer, R Richman, D Howard, TM Zhao, YQ Fisher, E Huang, D Mayers, D Sylvester, S Arens, M Sannerud, K Rasheed, S Johnson, V Kuritzkes, D Reichelderfer, P Japour, A CA ACTG Sequencing Working Grp TI Interlaboratory concordance of DNA sequence analysis to detect reverse transcriptase mutations in HIV-1 proviral DNA SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; sequence analysis; drug resistance ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; COMBINATION THERAPY; TYPE-1 VARIANTS; RESISTANCE; ZIDOVUDINE; POLYMERASE; L-697,661; INHIBITOR; DISEASE; PCR AB Thirteen laboratories evaluated the reproducibility of sequencing methods to detect drug resistance mutations in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). Blinded, cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cell pellets were distributed to each laboratory. Each laboratory used its preferred method for sequencing proviral DNA. Differences in protocols included: DNA purification: number of PCR amplifications; PCR product purification; sequence/location of PCR/sequencing primers; sequencing template; sequencing reaction label; sequencing polymerase; and use of manual versus automated methods to resolve sequencing reaction products. Five unknowns were evaluated. Thirteen laboratories submitted 39 043 nucleotide assignments spanning codons 10-256 of HIV-I RT. A consensus nucleotide assignment (defined as agreement among greater than or equal to 75% of laboratories) could be made in over 99% of nucleotide positions, and was more frequent in the three laboratory isolates. The overall rate of discrepant nucleotide assignments was 0.29%. A consensus nucleotide assignment could not be made at RT codon 41 in the clinical isolate tested. Clonal analysis revealed that this was due to the presence of a mixture of wild-type and mutant genotypes. These observations suggest that sequencing methodologies currently in use in ACTG laboratories to sequence HIV-I RT yield highly concordant results for laboratory strains; however, more discrepancies among laboratories may occur when clinical isolates are tested. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Rochester, Infect Dis Unit, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. SRA Technol, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Hosp, Chicago, IL USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. NIAID, Div Aids, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Hosp, Boston, MA USA. RP Demeter, LM (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Infect Dis Unit, Sch Med & Dent, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 689, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-27659, 5UO1-AI-27658, AI-29193] NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD NOV PY 1998 VL 75 IS 1 BP 93 EP 104 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 132MT UT WOS:000076634400010 PM 9820578 ER PT J AU Melby, JA Kobayashi, N AF Melby, JA Kobayashi, N TI Progression and variability of damage on rubble mound breakwaters SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID RANDOM BREAKING WAVES; VERIFICATION; REFLECTION; STABILITY AB As a first step to develop a probabilistic method for the maintenance and repair of breakwaters, one 28.5-h test and two shorter tests, which were repeated twice, were conducted in a wave flume. Damage progression and variability were measured on a conventional rubble mound exposed to depth-limited breaking waves in sequences of storms with varying wave conditions and water levels. Measurements were made of 16 or 32 damage profiles every 30 min of irregular wave action. Each measured profile was characterized by the eroded area, depth and length of the armor layer, and the remaining cover depth. The mean and standard deviation of these statistical variables changed with damage progression, whereas the probability distributions of the normalized variables were practically invariant. The mean and standard deviation of the damage variables are shown to be represented empirically by the mean eroded area alone. The damage variability along the breakwater was significant. Finally, an empirical formula is proposed to predict the mean eroded area in sequences of storms for these three tests. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coast Hydr Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coast Res, Oc Engn Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Melby, JA (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coast Hydr Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 124 IS 6 BP 286 EP 294 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1998)124:6(286) PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 130YR UT WOS:000076548700002 ER PT J AU Marino, MT AF Marino, MT TI Use of surrogate markers for drugs of military importance SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB In the future, U.S. military forces will be faced with opposing forces that have chemical and biological weapon capabilities. Although drugs used against these agents would be an ideal solution to protecting soldiers, the ability to test their efficacy in humans is limited by several ethical and technical problems: (I) the high risk of toxicity to volunteers; (2) the risk of delayed side effects in the volunteers; and (3) the inability to extrapolate effects against sublethal doses to efficacy against lethal doses. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) relies on safety and efficacy data in humans, making approval for these types of drugs difficult. An alternative approach for regulatory approval would be to use surrogate markers. Surrogate markers are biochemical or physiologic measurements that demonstrate the direct effect of the drug. Surrogate markers, such as CD4 counts and viral RNA levels, have been used recently in the anti-human immunodeficiency virus drug approval process with success. A drug development program using surrogate markers must meet several criteria, including demonstrated efficacy in animal models, correlation between efficacy and the surrogate marker, a link between the surrogate marker and the pathophysiology and toxicologic effects of the agent, and the ability to produce the surrogate marker in humans. This article illustrates the use of drug-induced methemoglobin as a surrogate marker for protection against cyanide intoxication. Safety issues regarding this class of drugs would also have to be pursued aggressively during and after their use by military forces. Demonstrating that the drug satisfies these criteria would be a platform for approval by the FDA. The guidelines mentioned above should be an acceptable approach for FDA approval, scientific researchers, medical practitioners, and the soldiers using these drugs. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Pharmacol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Marino, MT (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Pharmacol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 163 IS 11 BP 743 EP 746 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 136HX UT WOS:000076854300003 PM 9819532 ER PT J AU Tucker, JL Munchus, GM AF Tucker, JL Munchus, GM TI The predictors of quality care SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL-CARE; PATIENT SATISFACTION; HEALTH-CARE AB Patients' perceptions of quality are important to the performance ratings, financial viability, and operational options afforded to purchasers of health care. Through TRICARE, the Department of Defense provides care for the more than 1.5 million active duty service members charged with the defense of the nation. As patients, these service members are typically incapable of assessing the technical quality of the care they receive. This study examines the attributes of health care delivery that define military patients' perceptions of quality and discusses the implications of these assessments. C1 Baylor Univ, USA, Grad Program Hlth Care Adm, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Tucker, JL (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USA, Grad Program Hlth Care Adm, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 163 IS 11 BP 754 EP 757 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 136HX UT WOS:000076854300006 PM 9819535 ER PT J AU Tucker, JL AF Tucker, JL TI The importance of caring as a determinant of patient satisfaction among active duty beneficiaries SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-PRACTICE; MEDICAL-CARE; QUALITY CARE; HEALTH-CARE; SERVICES; OUTCOMES AB The satisfaction scores of active duty Department of Defense beneficiaries with the medical care they receive in military facilities are compared to test the hypothesis that caring is a primary determinant of patient evaluations. Patient satisfaction scores and sociodemographic and social psychological correlates of patient satisfaction were regressed to illuminate the attributes patients use to judge their health care experiences. Results show that very specific interpersonal aspects, such as reassurance, support, and interest in outcomes of the care experience, are important to patients. C1 Baylor Univ, USA, Grad Program Hlth Care Adm, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Tucker, JL (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USA, Grad Program Hlth Care Adm, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 163 IS 11 BP 758 EP 760 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 136HX UT WOS:000076854300007 PM 9819536 ER PT J AU Zedek, IJ Hines, JF Thomas, AR Satin, AJ Armstrong, AY Haffner, WHJ AF Zedek, IJ Hines, JF Thomas, AR Satin, AJ Armstrong, AY Haffner, WHJ TI Development and use of military-unique standardized gynecology patients for military residents in obstetrics and gynecology training programs SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-DOSE METHOTREXATE; PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; WOMEN AB Focused military curricula and readiness training are often inadequate for military resident physicians. We developed a standardized gynecologic military-unique patient scenario and examination to assess obstetrics and gynecology residents' clinical and operational problem-solving abilities. Integration of military-unique gynecologic standardized patients, clinical scenarios, and objective structured clinical examinations into obstetrics and gynecology curricula is a novel approach for realistic medical readiness training for resident physicians. This tool can become a cornerstone in the ongoing development of needed military-unique curricula. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Hines, JF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 163 IS 11 BP 767 EP 769 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 136HX UT WOS:000076854300009 PM 9819538 ER PT J AU Kiang, JG AF Kiang, JG TI Human colon carcinoma T84 cells overexpressing heat shock protein 72 kD are resistant to thermal injury. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Physiol, Div Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 1126 BP 194A EP 194A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906701127 ER PT J AU Rothwell, SW Wassef, NM Alving, CR Rao, M AF Rothwell, SW Wassef, NM Alving, CR Rao, M TI The proteasome inhibitor, lactacystin, blocks the Golgi localization of both protein and lipid components of phagocytosed liposome-encapsulated conalbumin SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Hematol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 1295 BP 224A EP 224A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906701298 ER PT J AU Werrlein, RJ Madren-Whalley, JS AF Werrlein, RJ Madren-Whalley, JS TI Keratin and integrin targets of sulfur mustard, an epidermal blistering agent. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 1726 BP 297A EP 297A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906701726 ER PT J AU Mendis, C Yang, D Jett, M Das, R AF Mendis, C Yang, D Jett, M Das, R TI Identification of alterations in gene expression in response to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) using differential display (DD). SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 2608 BP 450A EP 450A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906702609 ER PT J AU Huff, DR Quinn, JA Higgins, B Palazzo, AJ AF Huff, DR Quinn, JA Higgins, B Palazzo, AJ TI Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) variation among native little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash] populations from sites of high and low fertility in forest and grassland biomes SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AMOVA; genetic variation; little bluestem; RAPD; Schizachyrium scoparium ID BUFFALOGRASS BUCHLOE-DACTYLOIDES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; MARKERS; WHEAT AB Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to provide estimates of the comparative genetic variation within and among four native populations of Schizachyrium scoparium. Genotypes were collected from high- and low-fertility sites in both New Jersey (forest biome) and in Oklahoma (grassland biome), USA, and propagated in the greenhouse. Four oligonucleotide primers, 10 bp in length, produced a total of 60 RAPD markers, with the minimum marker difference between any two individuals being 14 markers. Euclidean metric distances were calculated among all individuals, and the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) technique was used to apportion the total genetic variation among individuals within populations, populations within fertility levels, populations within biomes, fertility levels, and biomes. Even though most genetic variation resided within populations, statistically significant differences were detected between populations within each biome. Furthermore, genetic distances between high and low fertility levels within biomes were equal to or greater than biome distances. Therefore, in this wide-ranging and highly variable species, RAPD analysis suggests that local site differences in fertility and ecological history can promote genetic differentiation equal to or greater than geographical differentiation. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Agron, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Huff, DR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Agron, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 37 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 7 IS 11 BP 1591 EP 1597 DI 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00473.x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 137TT UT WOS:000076933000017 ER PT J AU Videen, G Sun, WB Fu, Q AF Videen, G Sun, WB Fu, Q TI Light scattering from irregular tetrahedral aggregates SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE scatter; finite-difference time domain; aggregates ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; PERFECTLY MATCHED LAYER; COMPOUNDED SPHERES; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; EXTERNAL AGGREGATION; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; ECCENTRIC INCLUSION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DIELECTRIC SPHERE; CIRRUS CLOUDS AB We examine the light scattering from spheres aggregated into tetrahedral structures and the changes that occur when the internal structure of the system is modified by filling the central portion of the tetrahedron with an index-matching solution. Several effects are noticed in the scattering signals. The scattering phase function of aggregates is quite sensitive to changes in the internal structure within the aggregate. The positions and relative intensities of the maxima and minima of an aggregate tend to have a stronger dependence on orientation and internal structure than for a sphere containing an inclusion. As the area of the interfaces increases, the backscatter intensity increases, resulting in a decrease in the asymmetry parameter. Specular reflections also occur due to the constructive interference of rays reflecting off the different lattice sites. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL IS EE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Atmospher Sci Program, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. RP Videen, G (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL IS EE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 156 IS 1-3 BP 5 EP 9 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(98)00429-5 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 138FH UT WOS:000076960300002 ER PT J AU Brunett, S Gottschalk, T AF Brunett, S Gottschalk, T TI A large-scale metacomputing framework for the ModSAF real-time simulation SO PARALLEL COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE simulation; distributed systems; metacomputing; scalable communications; interest management ID DISTRIBUTED INTERACTIVE SIMULATION; TECHNOLOGY; DIS AB A distributed, parallel implementation of the widely-used Modular Semi-Automated Forces (ModSAF) Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) is presented, with Scalable Parallel Processors (SPPs) used to simulate more than 50,000 individual vehicles. The single-SPP version is described and shown to be scalable. This code is portable and has been run on a variety of different SPP architectures. Results for simulations with up to 15,000 vehicles are presented for a number of distinct SPP architectures. The initial multi-SPP (metacomputing) run used explicit Gateway communication processes to exchange data among several SPPs simulating separate portions of the full battle space. The 50K-vehicle simulations utilized 1904 processors on SPPs at six sites across seven time zones, including platforms from three computer manufacturers. (Four of the SPP sites in the large run used the single-SPP code described in this work, with a somewhat different single-SPP ModSAF implementation used at the other two sites.) Particular attention is given to analyses of inter-SPP data rates and Gateway performance in the multi-SPP runs. An alternative, next-generation implementation based on Globus is presented, including discussions of initial experiments, comparisons to the Gateway model, and planned near-term extensions. Finally, comparisons are made between this work and ongoing mainstream DIS activities. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Ctr Adv Comp Res, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Oak Ridge Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Informat Technol Lab, Washington, DC USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Numer Aerodynam Simulat Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Brunett, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Ctr Adv Comp Res, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8191 J9 PARALLEL COMPUT JI Parallel Comput. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 24 IS 12-13 BP 1873 EP 1900 DI 10.1016/S0167-8191(98)00082-9 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 137FW UT WOS:000076904900010 ER PT J AU Bass, JW Freitas, BC Freitas, AD Chan, DS Vincent, JM Person, DA Wittler, RR Weisse, ME AF Bass, JW Freitas, BC Freitas, AD Chan, DS Vincent, JM Person, DA Wittler, RR Weisse, ME TI Therapeutic options for cat scratch disease - In reply SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Univ Kansas, Sch Med, Wichita, KS 67214 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Bass, JW (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1060 EP 1061 DI 10.1097/00006454-199811000-00028 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 142KR UT WOS:000077200100026 ER PT J AU Davis, BE Moon, RY Sachs, HC Ottolini, MC AF Davis, BE Moon, RY Sachs, HC Ottolini, MC TI Effects of sleep position on infant motor development SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Ambulatory-Pediatric-Association CY MAY 02-06, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Ambulatory Pediat Assoc DE sleep position; sudden infant death syndrome; infant development; motor development ID SIDS AB Background. As a result of the American Academy of Pediatrics' recommendation that healthy infants be placed on their side or back for sleep, the percentage of infants sleeping prone has decreased dramatically. With the increase in supine sleeping, pediatricians have questioned if there are differences in the rate of acquisition of early motor milestones between prone and supine sleeping infants. Methods. To examine this question, we performed a prospective, practice-based study of healthy term infants. Infants were recruited before the age of 2 months. Parents were asked to record infant sleep position and awake time spent prone until 6 months of age. A developmental log was used to track milestones from birth until the infant was walking. Age of acquisition of eight motor milestones was determined, and the mean ages of milestone attainment of prone and supine sleepers were compared. Results. Three hundred fifty-one infants completed the study. Prone sleepers acquired motor milestones at an earlier age than supine sleepers. There was a significant difference in the age of attainment of rolling prone to supine, tripod sitting, creeping, crawling, and pulling to stand. There was no significant difference in age when infants walked. Conclusions. The pattern of early motor development is affected by sleep position. Prone sleepers attain several motor milestones earlier than supine sleepers. However, all infants achieved all milestones within the accepted normal age range. Pediatricians can use this information to reassure parents. This difference in milestone attainment is not a reason to abandon the American Academy of Pediatrics' sleep position recommendations. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Gen Pediat & Adolescent Med, Washington, DC 20010 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Pediat, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Holy Cross Hosp, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Davis, BE (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 25 TC 98 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1998 VL 102 IS 5 BP 1135 EP 1140 DI 10.1542/peds.102.5.1135 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 134ZT UT WOS:000076774600020 PM 9794945 ER PT J AU Kiang, JG Tsokos, GC AF Kiang, JG Tsokos, GC TI Heat shock protein 70 kDa: Molecular biology, biochemistry, and physiology SO PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Review DE heat shock proteins; Ca2+; cAMP; inositol trisphosphate; gene regulation; heat shock factors ID EPIDERMOID A-431 CELLS; INOSITOL 1,4,5-TRISPHOSPHATE RECEPTOR; MURINE PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; PEPTIDE-BINDING DOMAIN; CYTOSOLIC FREE CA2+; AMINO-ACID ANALOGS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; INTRACELLULAR PH; STRESS PROTEINS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER AB Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are detected in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic, In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that various stressors transiently increase production of HSPs as protection against harmful insults. Increased levels of HSPs occur after environmental stresses, infection, normal physiological processes, and gene transfer. Although the mechanisms by which HSPs protect cells are not clearly understood, their expression can be modulated by cell signal transducers, such as changes in intracellular pH, cyclic AMP, Ca2+, Na+, inositol trisphosphate, protein kinase C, and protein phosphatases, Most of the HSPs interact with other proteins in cells and alter their function. These and other protein-protein interactions may mediate the little understood effects of HSPs on various cell functions. In this review, we focus on the structure of the HSP-70 family (HSP-70s), regulation of HSP-70 gene expression, their cytoprotective effects, and the possibility of regulating HSP-70 expression through modulation of signal transduction pathways. The clinical importance and therapeutic potential of HSPs are discussed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Physiol, Div Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Kiang, JG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Physiol, Div Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 194 TC 722 Z9 818 U1 10 U2 76 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0163-7258 J9 PHARMACOL THERAPEUT JI Pharmacol. Ther. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 80 IS 2 BP 183 EP 201 DI 10.1016/S0163-7258(98)00028-X PG 19 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 131RC UT WOS:000076588200003 PM 9839771 ER PT J AU Paulavicius, G Mickevicius, R Mitin, V Kochelap, V Stroscio, MA Iafrate, GJ AF Paulavicius, G Mickevicius, R Mitin, V Kochelap, V Stroscio, MA Iafrate, GJ TI Mutual hot-phonon effects in coupled GaAs quantum wires SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO; POLAR SEMICONDUCTORS; ACOUSTIC PHONONS; SCATTERING; TRANSPORT; RADIATION; DYNAMICS AB Hot phonon effects on electron transport in coupled GaAs quantum wires embedded in AlAs have been investigated by a self-consistent Monte Carlo simulation. These results take into account optical phonon confinement within the GaAs region and localization at its boundaries which is caused by the presence of GaAs/AlAs heterointerfaces. Electrical confinement of electrons in several spatially separated quantum wire channels inside the GaAs region with common optical phonons (confined within the whole GaAs bar) is assumed. We have investigated numerically mutual interaction of electrons and phonons over a wide range of electric fields (0 < E < 1000 V/cm) and lattice temperatures (30 K less than or equal to T less than or equal to 300 K). We demonstrate that in a system of two quantum wires coupled through the common confined optical phonons, electron transport in one wire significantly affects electron transport in the second wire due to the presence of the strong mutual hot-phonon drag between these electron channels. This leads to a sufficient modification of the carrier velocity-field characteristics in the structures investigated. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Semicond, UA-252650 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Paulavicius, G (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 210 IS 1 BP 87 EP 99 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3951(199811)210:1<87::AID-PSSB87>3.0.CO;2-O PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 141BW UT WOS:000077123600011 ER PT J AU Arbogast, AF Jameson, TP AF Arbogast, AF Jameson, TP TI Age estimates of inland dunes in east-central lower Michigan using soils data SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE eolian processes; sand dunes; soils; Spodosols; Michigan ID LAKE-MICHIGAN; PODZOLIZATION; TREE AB Extensive deposits of eolian sand occur deep (>50 km) within the interior of east-central lower Michigan. These dunes are most common in the Saginaw lowland where they are parabolic, with limbs oriented northwesterly. Their presence on densely forested landscapes indicates that paleoenvironmental conditions differed sufficiently for dune formation to have occurred. In a previous study, Arbogast et al. (1997) illustrated that surface soils in the northwestern part of the Saginaw dune field were morphologically similar, consisting of weakly developed Spodosols (A/E/Bs/C horizonation). Thus, these dunes must have stabilized concurrently following regional mobilization of eolian sand. In this study, we present soils data from dunes in the southeastern part of the Saginaw dune field. Surface soils were analyzed at 19 sites in the Deford State Came Area in Tuscola County. Morphologically, the soils within the Deford area are similar (A/E/Bs/C horizonation), indicating that Deford dunes stabilized concurrently. Statistical (ANOVA, KW, factor analysis) comparison of Deford soils and soils to the northwest, however, reveals that significant developmental differences exist between the two areas, with Deford soils being better developed. Given that variables (climate, soil texture, pH) are more conducive For Spodosol development to the northwest, we conclude that Deford soils are older. Thus, Deford dunes must have stabilized prior to their counterparts to the northwest. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48825 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Arbogast, AF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48825 USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0272-3646 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 19 IS 6 BP 485 EP 501 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 248XR UT WOS:000083302500003 ER PT J AU Roy, MJ Koslowe, PA Kroenke, K Magruder, C AF Roy, MJ Koslowe, PA Kroenke, K Magruder, C TI Signs, symptoms, and ill-defined conditions in Persian Gulf War veterans: Findings from the comprehensive clinical evaluation program SO PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Gulf War; depression; anxiety; fatigue; sleep disorder; somatization ID EPIDEMIOLOGIC-CATCHMENT-AREA; PRIMARY-CARE; MENTAL-DISORDERS; AMBULATORY CARE; DEPRESSION; SOMATIZATION; SERVICES AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the type and frequency of signs, symptoms, and ill-defined conditions (SSID; International Classification of Diseases-9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes 780-799) identified by physicians evaluating Persian Gulf War veterans; to determine the influence of the extent of evaluation on the type and frequency of SSID diagnoses; and to search for evidence for a new illness, or illness related to wartime exposures, in veterans with ill-defined conditions. Method: Comprehensive examinations were provided for 21,579 consecutive Persian Gulf War veterans with symptoms or health concerns after the war. Data recorded on all individuals includes demographics, self-reported exposures, symptoms, and physician-assigned ICD-9-CM primary and secondary diagnoses. A detailed psychosocial history, including a multidisciplinary discussion, was incorporated for a subset of participants. Results: SSID conditions were primary diagnoses for 17.2% of veterans, and either primary or secondary diagnoses for 41.8%. Although some SSIDs were objective conditions (eg, sleep apnea), most were simply symptoms. More comprehensive evaluation, especially the multidisciplinary discussion of findings, decreased the frequency of symptoms as diagnoses and increased the number of DSM-IV psychiatric diagnoses. Ill-defined conditions were not associated with particular self-reported exposures or demographic variables. Conclusions: Ill-defined conditions identified by physicians in Gulf War veterans are most often symptoms. More definitive, often psychological, diagnoses can be made by increasing the intensity of the evaluation and by multidisciplinary input. Evidence for a new or unique illness related to wartime exposures did not emerge from this analysis. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Off Assistant Secretary Def Hlth Affairs, Comprehens Clin Evaluat Program, Falls Church, VA USA. Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Roy, MJ (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Div Mil Internal Med, Room A3060, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 41 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0033-3174 J9 PSYCHOSOM MED JI Psychosom. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 60 IS 6 BP 663 EP 668 PG 6 WC Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 142FL UT WOS:000077189300001 PM 9847023 ER PT J AU Wikner, D Dahlstrom, R AF Wikner, D Dahlstrom, R TI Millimeter-wave radiometry of deciduous trees at low-depression angle SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE; SCATTERING; MODEL AB Personnel from the Army Research Laboratory conducted experiments during the summer and early fall of 1996 to measure the low-depression angle brightness temperatures of deciduous trees at 94 GHz. Changes in the signatures of five different deciduous trees were recorded over several months and related to infrared temperature, sky temperature, and leaf water content. Distinct differences were found in the brightness temperatures of the deciduous trees measured. The results of these measurements are presented and a good parametric fit to the data is made, showing the consistency of canopy emissivity and reflectivity over the measurement period. In addition, suggestions are made as to how future measurements could benefit from wideband, bistatic canopy cross-section data. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wikner, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & elect Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1609 EP 1615 DI 10.1029/98RS02775 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 145HR UT WOS:000077365500011 ER PT J AU Johnson, BL Knights, BC Barko, JW Gaugush, RF Soballe, DM James, WF AF Johnson, BL Knights, BC Barko, JW Gaugush, RF Soballe, DM James, WF TI Estimating flow rates to optimize winter habitat for centrarchid fish in Mississippi River (USA) backwaters SO REGULATED RIVERS-RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Mississippi River; backwaters; winter; dissolved oxygen; temperature; current velocity; flow; bluegill; black crappie; restoration; habitat management ID OXYGEN; BASS AB The backwaters of large rivers provide winter refuge for many riverine fish, but they often exhibit low dissolved oxygen levels due to high biological oxygen demand and low flows. Introducing water from the main channel can increase oxygen levels in backwaters, but can also increase current velocity and reduce temperature during winter, which may reduce habitat suitability for fish. In 1993, culverts were installed to introduce flow to the Finger Lakes, a system of six backwater lakes on the Mississippi River, about 160 km downstream from Minneapolis, Minnesota. The goal was to improve habitat for bluegills and black crappies during winter by providing dissolved oxygen concentrations > 3 mg/L, current velocities < 1 cm/s, and temperatures > 1 degrees C. To achieve these conditions, we used data on lake volume and oxygen demand to estimate the minimum flow required to maintain 3 mg/L of dissolved oxygen in each lake. Estimated flows ranged from 0.02 to 0.14 m(3)/s among lakes. Data gathered in winter 1994 after the culverts were opened, indicated that the estimated flows met habitat goals, but that thermal stratification and lake morphometry can reduce the volume of optimal habitat created. This article is a U.S. government publication and is in the public domain in the United States. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Mississippi Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54602 USA. US Geol Survey, Environm Management Tech Ctr, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. US Army Corps Engn, Eau Galle Limnol Lab, Spring Valley, WI 54767 USA. RP Johnson, BL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Mississippi Sci Ctr, Box 818, La Crosse, WI 54602 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0886-9375 J9 REGUL RIVER JI Regul. Rivers-Res. Manage. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 14 IS 6 BP 499 EP 510 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(1998110)14:6<499::AID-RRR516>3.0.CO;2-I PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 143QL UT WOS:000077267100003 ER PT J AU Noonan, PT Richardson, AC Hsieh, H Depper, MH Stockel, JB AF Noonan, PT Richardson, AC Hsieh, H Depper, MH Stockel, JB TI Improved MRI depiction of intracranial and spinal cord vascular lesions using thin section FSE T2 imaging sequences SO RIVISTA DI NEURORADIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE vascular lesions; brain; spinal cord; MR AB Conventional MR and MRA techniques may not accurately depict intracranial and spinal vascular anatomy and pathology. By relying on the intravascular signal void of flowing blood and the ability to obtain contiguous images, thin section FSE T2 imaging techniques including three dimensional imaging improve depiction of vessels and increase diagnostic accuracy. The images produced by these techniques both compliment MRA and correlate well with findings at catheter-based diagnostic angiography. A pitfall is the imaging of vascular structures adjacent to nonvascular structures also having signal voids. As in other MR techniques differentiation between slow flow and occlusion may be difficult. C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDIZIONI CENTAURO PI BOLOGNA PA VIA DEL PRATELLO, 8, 40122 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1120-9976 J9 RIV NEURORADIOL JI Riv. Neuroradiol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 11 SU 2 BP 191 EP 193 PG 3 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 165FA UT WOS:000078508700056 ER PT J AU Garshnek, V Shinchi, K Burkle, FM AF Garshnek, V Shinchi, K Burkle, FM TI Disaster assessment and satellite communication: on the threshold of a new era SO SPACE POLICY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL DISASTERS; SYSTEMS; RELIEF AB Disaster events have always been with us. Success or failure of a disaster response is often determined by timely access to communication and the exchange of reliable information. Especially, crucial is information acquired by on-site first responders responsible for initial disaster assessment. The rapid progress in satellite communication development is laying a foundation for a future where lack of communications will no longer be a limiting or paralyzing factor in disaster response. This paper discusses emerging satellite communications tools that can enhance on site assessment and change the way disaster management is viewed and carried out in the next century. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, AKAMAI Telemed Evaluat Initiat, Ctr Excell Disast Management & Humanitarian, Tripler AMC, HI 96859 USA. George Washington Univ, Ctr Int Sci & Technol Policy, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Beppu Natl Hosp, Self Def Forces, Dept Internal Med, Beppu, Oita, Japan. Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Surg, Div Emergency Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Garshnek, V (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, AKAMAI Telemed Evaluat Initiat, Ctr Excell Disast Management & Humanitarian, MCPA PO,1 Jarrett White Rd, Tripler AMC, HI 96859 USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-9646 J9 SPACE POLICY JI Space Policy PD NOV PY 1998 VL 14 IS 4 BP 223 EP 227 DI 10.1016/S0265-9646(98)00023-X PG 5 WC International Relations; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC International Relations; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 145JY UT WOS:000077368800003 ER PT J AU Smith, LA AF Smith, LA TI Development of recombinant vaccines for botulinum neurotoxin SO TOXICON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th World Congress on Animal, Plant and Microbial Toxins CY SEP 21-26, 1997 CL CUERNAVACA, MEXICO ID HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; TOXIN FRAGMENT-C; FOREIGN GENE-EXPRESSION; PICHIA-PASTORIS; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NERVE-TERMINALS; MOTOR NERVES; YEAST; SEROTYPE AB Synthetic genes encoding non-toxic, carboxyl-terminal regions (similar to 50 kDa) of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotypes A and B (referred to as fragment C or H-C) were constructed and cloned into the methylotropic yeast, Pichia pastoris. Genes specifying BoNTA(H-C) and BoNTB(H-C) were expressed as both intracellular and secreted products. Recombinants, expressed intracellularly, yielded products with the expected molecular weight as judged by SDS-PAGE and Western blot (immunoblot) analysis, while secreted products were larger due to glycosylation. Gene products were used to vaccinate mice and evaluated for their ability to elicit protective antibody titers in vivo. Mice given three intramuscular vaccinations with yeast supernatant containing glycosylated BoNTA(H-C) were protected against an intraperitoneal challenge of 10(6) 50% mouse lethal doses (MLD50) Of serotype A neurotoxin, a result not duplicated by its BoNTB(H-C) counterpart. Vaccinating mice with cytoplasmically produced BoNTA(H-C) and BoNTB(H-C) protected animals from a challenge of 106 MLD50 Of serotype A and B toxins, respectively. Because of the glycosylation encountered with secreted BoNT(H-C), our efforts focused on the production and purification of products from intracellular expression. published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Toxinol Div,Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Smith, LA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Toxinol Div,Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 26 TC 76 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD NOV PY 1998 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1539 EP 1548 DI 10.1016/S0041-0101(98)00146-9 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 123NF UT WOS:000076130700011 PM 9792170 ER PT J AU Grabenstein, JD AF Grabenstein, JD TI Pharmacists as vaccine advocates: roles in community pharmacies, nursing homes, and hospitals SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE immunization; pharmacists; pharmacies; nursing homes; hospitals ID INFLUENZA VACCINATION; IMMUNIZATION; ADULTS; PROGRAM; NEED AB Pharmacists increasingly take on immunization roles for their communities: advocates, facilitators and immunizers. Between 50 and 94% of people who receive a pharmacist's recommendation to be immunized accept that recommendation. Over 5 million doses of influenza vaccine per year are administered in pharmacies. In 25 states, pharmacists are authorized to administer immunizations. More than 1000 pharmacists were trained to immunize in 1997 Consultant pharmacists can recommend vaccines in nursing facilities in the course of monthly drug regimen reviews. People have exceptional access to pharmacist at a wide variety of hours. Pharmacy-based immunization training incorporates safeguards that mimic or exceed quality standards in public health clinics. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, USA, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Grabenstein, JD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, USA, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 38 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV PY 1998 VL 16 IS 18 SI SI BP 1705 EP 1710 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(98)00131-5 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 122CJ UT WOS:000076052900004 PM 9778745 ER PT J AU Bavari, S Pless, DD Torres, ER Lebeda, FJ Olson, MA AF Bavari, S Pless, DD Torres, ER Lebeda, FJ Olson, MA TI Identifying the principal protective antigenic determinants of type A botulinum neurotoxin SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Symposium for the International-Society-for-Vaccines CY SEP 08-11, 1997 CL LEESBURG, VIRGINIA SP Int Soc Vaccines DE botulinum neurotoxins; neutralizing monoclonal antibodies; principal protective antigenic determinants; vaccine ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; STRUCTURAL PREDICTIONS; SOLVENT ACCESSIBILITY; TETANUS; FRAGMENT; REGIONS; CHAIN AB The neurotoxins from Clostridium botulinum (BoNT serotypes A-G) exert their lethal effect by preventing the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. As with tetanus toxin, immunization with a non-toxic fragment, the 50 kDa C-terminal portion of BoNT/A (H-C; residues 861-1296), protects mice against lethal challenges with the intact toxin. To locate the neutralizing epitopes, several protective monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against BoNT/A-H-C were isolated and cloned. Specific binding of the mAbs to BoNt/A-H-C was demonstrated by surface plasmon resonance, with K(d)s in the range of 10(-10) to 10(-11) M. These antibodies recognized a genetically engineered polypeptide (1150-1289) that was previously shown to induce protective immunity. Prior to the determination of the X-ray crystal structure of the tetanus neurotoxin H-C fragment, molecular modelling studies indicated that it contained two highly solvent-exposed loops. Based on these predictions, two 25-mer H-C-peptides corresponding to these two regions were synthesized and were demonstrated to bind the neutralizing mAbs. Mice immunized with the H-C-peptides had high levels of antibodies that recognized BoNT/A-H-C. However; immunizations with only one of the H-C peptides protected when mice were challenged with BoNT/A. On the basis of these analyses, it should be possible to develop small peptides that could be useful in the design of future vaccines against these neurotoxins. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Cell Biol & Biochem, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bavari, S (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Cell Biol & Biochem, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 18 TC 28 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV PY 1998 VL 16 IS 19 BP 1850 EP 1856 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(98)00175-3 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 126JQ UT WOS:000076290500012 PM 9795391 ER PT J AU Ulrich, RG Olson, MA Bavari, S AF Ulrich, RG Olson, MA Bavari, S TI Development of engineered vaccines effective against structurally related bacterial superantigens SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Symposium for the International-Society-for-Vaccines CY SEP 08-11, 1997 CL LEESBURG, VIRGINIA SP Int Soc Vaccines DE superantigens; toxic-shock syndrome; enterotoxins ID TOXIC-SHOCK SYNDROME; STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-A; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; T-CELLS; SERUM ANTIBODY; BINDING; MOLECULES; WISCONSIN AB Staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigens ar-e exotoxins that may be linked to many human pathologies involving impaired immune functions. Despite considerable sequence divergence, bacterial superantigens share extensive secondary and tertiary structure and use similar structural strategies to bind major histocompatibility complex class II receptors, We produced by site-directed mutagenesis of the conserved receptor-binding surfaces of the superantigens staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B, These vaccines protected immunized mice and rhesus monkeys from lethal toxic shock. In addition, antibodies produced against each superantigen recognized and neutralized distantly related superantigens. This antibody cross-reactivity was additive in that mixtures of superantigens used in immunization were more effective than single-component vaccines in protecting mice from challenges with individual or mixed superantigens. We conclude that an optimal combination of these genetically attenuated superantigen vaccines may protect against all structurally related superantigens. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Ulrich, RG (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM ulrich@ncifcrf.gov NR 28 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV PY 1998 VL 16 IS 19 BP 1857 EP 1864 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(98)00176-5 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 126JQ UT WOS:000076290500013 PM 9795392 ER PT J AU Coleman, GD Chavez, MA Williams, BH AF Coleman, GD Chavez, MA Williams, BH TI Cystic prostatic disease associated with adrenocortical lesions in the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adrenal cortex; cystic prostatic disease; ferrets; hyperestrogenism; prostate; prostatitis; squamous metaplasia ID ADRENAL-GLAND; HYPERADRENOCORTICISM; TUMOR AB A review of case materials at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology identified six cases of prostatitis in domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). Five of these ferrets (83%) had one or more cysts and the remaining ferret had a paraprostatic cyst. Three of the six ferrets (50%) exhibited various degrees of prostatic squamous metaplasia. Inflammation ranged from subacute to chronic-active or pyogranulomatous. In addition to the prostatic lesions, hyperplastic and/or neoplastic adrenocortical lesions were present in 4/6 (66%) ferrets; 1/6 (17%) ferrets had previously been clinically diagnosed with adrenal gland-associated endocrinopathy. The remaining ferret had previously had the right adrenal gland removed, but the reason for the removal is unknown. Based upon the histologic findings in these six ferrets, there appears to be an association between proliferative adrenal lesions and cystic prostatitis in domestic ferrets. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Coleman, GD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 35 IS 6 BP 547 EP 549 PG 3 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 167FU UT WOS:000078622500012 PM 9823599 ER EF