FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Koester, JP Daniel, C Anderson, ML AF Koester, JP Daniel, C Anderson, ML GP TRB TRB TRB TRB TI In situ investigation of liquefiable gravels SO RECYCLED AND SECONDARY MATERIALS, SOIL REMEDIATION, AND IN SITU TESTING: SOILS, GEOLOGY AND FOUNDATIONS SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board ID BECKER AB A series of dynamic in situ penetration tests was performed in deep alluvial gravel deposits at Seward, Alaska, that were shaken and apparently liquefied by the March 27, 1964, Alaska earthquake. Both a U.S. standard penetration test split spoon and a larger-diameter drive sampler were used, and dynamic cone penetrometers of two sizes were also driven into the gravels near the mouth of the Resurrection River that had exhibited settlement and lateral spreading as a result of earthquake shaking. Two safety hammers were used [nominally 623 N (140 lb) and 1334 N (300 lb)], and the energy delivered with various hammer and penetrometer combinations was measured throughout all tests. Limited measurements of hammer velocity were also made by a radar system developed for that purpose to allow for kinetic energy determination. Soils recovered in the split spoon samplers were sent to the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Soils Research Facility in Vicksburg, Mississippi, where they were evaluated for classification (gradation and index properties). The sampling and testing procedures used at the Seward site, as well as preliminary analysis of the various penetration test results, are summarized. Comparisons are made with penetration resistance measurements made by the Alaska Highway Department immediately after the 1964 earthquake. Results of this investigation will be adapted to guide future practice for in situ determination of liquefaction resistance in coarse alluvial soils. C1 USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, CEWES GG H, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Civil Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. USA, Corps Engineers, Anchorage, AK 99506 USA. RP Koester, JP (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, CEWES GG H, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06693-X J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2000 IS 1714 BP 75 EP 82 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BU58H UT WOS:000176423900010 ER PT S AU Johnson, JB AF Johnson, JB GP TRB TRB TRB TRB TI Characterizing granular material coarseness and micromechanical properties with a small-diameter penetrometer SO RECYCLED AND SECONDARY MATERIALS, SOIL REMEDIATION, AND IN SITU TESTING: SOILS, GEOLOGY AND FOUNDATIONS SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB A micromechanical theory and data from a penetrometer with a small base area were used to characterize the average microstructural and micromechanical properties of snow, a granular material composed of ice. The micromechanical theory also was used to describe penetration in soil and successfully explains the dependence of penetration resistance for granular materials on penetrometer base area. Material coarseness (microstructural element dimension), elastic modulus, and compressive strength were determined by interpreting penetration resistance measurements by the micromechanical theory. Predictions of the macroscale (continuum) mechanical properties for the snow were made by the micromechanical measurements and theory. The average microstructural dimensions for snow were 3.6 mm (coarse grained) and 1.45 mm (fine grained). Micromechanical strength and modulus of elasticity of snow depend on internal structure and bonding at grain boundaries; grain size by itself was not a good indicator of the mechanical properties for snow. The accuracy of determining micromechanical and microstructural properties for individual microstructural elements decreases as the ratio of the penetrometer base area to the microstructural element cross-sectional area increases. Average micro- and macroscale structural and mechanical properties of a granular material can be determined by interpreting penetration resistance data with a micromechanical penetration theory. The resolution of measurement of material properties increases as the size of the penetrometer rip decreases. C1 USA, Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. RP Johnson, JB (reprint author), USA, Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, POB 35170, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06693-X J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2000 IS 1714 BP 83 EP 88 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BU58H UT WOS:000176423900011 ER PT J AU Nestler, J Sutton, VK AF Nestler, J Sutton, VK TI Describing scales of features in river channels using fractal geometry concepts SO REGULATED RIVERS-RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE complex parameters; fractal geometry; river channels ID BRAIDED RIVERS; HABITAT; COMPLEXITY; FISH AB Quantitative description of spatial patterns is often at the heart of ecological research in aquatic systems, particularly for investigations of how biota respond to physical habitat. A common first step for approximating a river channel is tessellation, or the discretization of the channel into cells of approximately uniform size, and assigning each cell a representative value for velocity or other characteristics. More innovative methods may use the fractal dimension to characterize patterns of features in spatially complex geological structures, such as channel bed forms. Unfortunately, these methods lose information because they either force continuous data into a grid framework or assume that complexity is constant over a range of scales. The current understanding of aquatic processes would improve if information about the scale of channel features could be preserved throughout the analysis instead of being discarded in the first step because simplifying assumptions were used. New methods are presented that characterize complex spatial data sets with minimal use of assumptions or simplifying approximations. The new methods identify dominant features in a set of coordinate data, locate the positions of such features in the cross section, describe how kinetic energy is distributed in these features, and quantify how features of different scales relate to one another. The effectiveness of this technique on mathematical constructs having known characteristics is demonstrated. The methods are then used to describe a Missouri River cross section before and after river regulation to illustrate how the methods can be used to quantify changes in physical habitat patterns that may not be apparent using other methods. Improved description of complex shapes in aquatic environments may lead to increased understanding of aquatic processes in general, and in particular, the way aquatic organisms relate to physical habitat. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Baylor Univ, Dept Informat Syst, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RP Nestler, J (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0886-9375 J9 REGUL RIVER JI Regul. Rivers-Res. Manage. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 300UP UT WOS:000086271500001 ER PT S AU Knight, B Hussain, M Frankel, J Cox, JF Braunstein, J Cote, PJ Abbate, A AF Knight, B Hussain, M Frankel, J Cox, JF Braunstein, J Cote, PJ Abbate, A BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Coating evaluation using analytical and experimental dispersion curves SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 19A AND 19B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, Ind Mat Inst, Natl Res Council Canada, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fed Aviat Adm, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr ID GENERATED SURFACE-WAVES; LASER C1 USA, Armament Munit & Chem Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Knight, B (reprint author), USA, Armament Munit & Chem Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-930-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 509 BP 263 EP 270 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ87X UT WOS:000089913700032 ER PT S AU Madaras, EI Anastasi, RF AF Madaras, EI Anastasi, RF BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Pseudo-random modulation of a laser diode for generating ultrasonic longitudinal waves SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 19A AND 19B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, Ind Mat Inst, Natl Res Council Canada, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fed Aviat Adm, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr C1 USA, Vehicle Technol Ctr, ARL, AMSRL,VT,S,NASA,Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Madaras, EI (reprint author), USA, Vehicle Technol Ctr, ARL, AMSRL,VT,S,NASA,Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 231, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-930-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 509 BP 303 EP 309 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ87X UT WOS:000089913700037 ER PT S AU Zalameda, JN Winfree, WP AF Zalameda, JN Winfree, WP BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Quartz lamp characterization for quantitative thermal nondestructive evaluation SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 19A AND 19B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, Ind Mat Inst, Natl Res Council Canada, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fed Aviat Adm, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr MS231, Vehicle Technol Directorate, USA Res Lab, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Zalameda, JN (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr MS231, Vehicle Technol Directorate, USA Res Lab, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-930-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 509 BP 1889 EP 1896 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ87X UT WOS:000089913700242 ER PT S AU Walsh, SM Rigas, EJ Spurgeon, WA Roy, WN Heider, D Gillespie, J AF Walsh, SM Rigas, EJ Spurgeon, WA Roy, WN Heider, D Gillespie, J BE Adams, PJ Elsworth, SA Petkauskos, MJ Walton, TC TI A non-contact distribution scheme for promoting and controlling resin flow for VARTM processes SO REVOLUTIONARY MATERIALS: TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International SAMPE Technical Conference CY NOV 05-09, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn DE VARTM; RTM; SCRIMP; intelligent process control; resin flow sensing; low cost processing AB VARTM continues to emerge as a successful alternative to more established composite fabrication technologies, particularly in applications where low cost and relatively large structures are required. Commercial versions of the process, such as SCRIMP, have demonstrated the ability to achieve acceptable fiber volumes and structures with varying degrees of geometric and material system complexity. With the exception of re-usable vacuum bags, the conventional VARTM process typically involves stacking of various distribution media, peel ply materials, and a porous breather under at least one vacuum bag. Installation and removal of such consumable media can be time consuming and wasteful (given that distribution media by nature is highly porous and can thus retain excess resin). The current paper presents an alternative to conventional VARTM technologies which allows for not only a significant reduction in labor and waste associated with the operation of the VARTM process, but also permits a unique means for controlling and optimizing the movement of resin during impregnation. This process, known as "FASTRAC" (Fast Remotely Actuated Channeling), uses a unique double-vacuum bag with an optimal distribution pattern for the resin. By controlling, in part, the application of the second vacuum bag it is possible to control the surface resin flow, and thus, the impregnation of the preform. This is not possible with a typical re-usable vacuum bag given that the removal of the primary vacuum would cause the resin flow front to stall. The paper will present an introduction to the FASTRAC system, as well as its application to key composite articles. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Walsh, SM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-89-1 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 2000 VL 32 BP 284 EP 293 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BR79P UT WOS:000167557000028 ER PT S AU Moy, P Rodriguez, G Ghiorse, L AF Moy, P Rodriguez, G Ghiorse, L BE Adams, PJ Elsworth, SA Petkauskos, MJ Walton, TC TI Dynamic and mechanical characterization of EPDM rubber at low and high temperatures SO REVOLUTIONARY MATERIALS: TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International SAMPE Technical Conference CY NOV 05-09, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn DE ethylene-propylene diene (EPDM); elastomer; dynamic properties AB Elastomers play a role in the development of composite integral armor for future Army vehicle systems. Ethylene-propylene diene (EPDM) rubber, conforming to MIL-G-22050, was chosen as the primary candidate to enhance the anti-ballistic properties of the integral armor. The design of these vehicle systems must be capable of enduring temperatures between -40.0 degreesC and 71.1 degreesC. To understand the temperature effects on this rubber, quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions were investigated at strain rates of approximately 1.7e10(-2) s(-1) and 180 s(-1), respectively. Although the elastomer is conformed to the military specifications, three different grades of hardness are stated under MIL-G-22050. C1 USA, Ballist Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Moy, P (reprint author), USA, Ballist Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-89-1 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 2000 VL 32 BP 372 EP 380 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BR79P UT WOS:000167557000036 ER PT S AU Sloan, JM Crawford, D Napadensky, E Tan, NB AF Sloan, JM Crawford, D Napadensky, E Tan, NB BE Adams, PJ Elsworth, SA Petkauskos, MJ Walton, TC TI Characterization of the transport properties in elastomeric polymer membranes by FT-IR-ATR SO REVOLUTIONARY MATERIALS: TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International SAMPE Technical Conference CY NOV 05-09, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn ID METHYL ETHYL KETONE; DIFFUSION; POLYURETHANE; SPECTROSCOPY; POLYISOBUTYLENE; SORPTION AB In order to understand membrane transport and thereby develop suitable membranes for protection and separation, there are a few characteristics of the membrane and the diffusing constituents that must be known. These include the molecular states of the diffusing components, their diffusion coefficients, permeabilities and the membrane selectivity. In general, the fundamental physical property required to design and optimize polymers used as barrier and membranes is the mutual diffusion coefficient. The FT-IR-ATR (Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance) technique offers the advantage of allowing polymer-penetrant interactions to be identified as well as allowing the transport two or more diffusing species to be monitored. The basic FT-IR-ATR Fickian diffusion model developed by Barbari and Fieldson was applied to the resultant data. In this paper, FTIR-ATR spectroscopy was used to measure the effective diffusion coefficients of acetonitrile in an aliphatic polyurethane and sulfonated triblock co-polymer films. For the polyurethane elastomer, the effect of varying isomer content at a fixed hard segment content on the diffusion of acetonitrile was examined with FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. The results show a clear dependence on the chemical structure of the hard segment. In the case of the sulfonated triblock co-polymer, the increasing the sulfonation level leads to the ability of the membrane to transport water and other polar molecules through the film. rationalized in terms of the strong hydrogen bonding capability of the water molecules. Water has an unusually high hydrogen bonding solubility component, almost twice that of methanol. This leads to the formation of sorbed water clusters, which decreases the transport rate. C1 USA, Ballist Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Polymers Res Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Sloan, JM (reprint author), USA, Ballist Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Polymers Res Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-89-1 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 2000 VL 32 BP 416 EP 426 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BR79P UT WOS:000167557000041 ER PT S AU Ghiorse, LL Nguyen, SP AF Ghiorse, LL Nguyen, SP BE Adams, PJ Elsworth, SA Petkauskos, MJ Walton, TC TI Effects of moisture on the mechanical properties of a thermoplastic - Toughened graphite/epoxy composite SO REVOLUTIONARY MATERIALS: TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International SAMPE Technical Conference CY NOV 05-09, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn DE composite materials; moisture; mechanical properties AB Thermoplastic-toughened graphite/epoxy composite prepreg was exposed to 50% R.H. at room temperature for a period of two weeks. Chemical characterization techniques were used to monitor changes occurring in the B-staged prepreg during exposure. Exposure had no effect on the flexural, shear, and tensile properties of the composite, nor did it affect moisture equilibrium or diffusion rate. These results support the premise that long-term stability of the material in general remains unaffected. The same cured composites were later exposed to moisture to reach saturation. Slight decreases in mechanical properties were observed in both the control and exposed prepreg groups. C1 USA, Ballist Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Ghiorse, LL (reprint author), USA, Ballist Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-89-1 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 2000 VL 32 BP 546 EP 553 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BR79P UT WOS:000167557000052 ER PT S AU Maffeo, M Cunniff, PM AF Maffeo, M Cunniff, PM BE Adams, PJ Elsworth, SA Petkauskos, MJ Walton, TC TI Composite materials for small arms (ball round) protective armor SO REVOLUTIONARY MATERIALS: TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International SAMPE Technical Conference CY NOV 05-09, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn DE aramid fiber; armor; composite materials; thermoplastic composites; thermoset resins AB This paper presents results of some processing and materials variations for composites used in armor systems that provide protection against small arms ball rounds. Different fiber types, para-aramid and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), are included in the discussion. Resin systems considered include polyethylene, Kraton(R) rubber, and rubber-toughened phenolic. Most of the armor systems considered incorporate ceramics as part of the armor package; ceramics considered include aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, a ceramic matrix composite, and boron carbide. The effect of material selection and material processing on the extent of transient deformation which occurs during the impact event, armor system mass efficiency and armor system multiple-hit performance is discussed. C1 USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Maffeo, M (reprint author), USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-89-1 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 2000 VL 32 BP 768 EP 777 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BR79P UT WOS:000167557000074 ER PT B AU Hewitt, AD Jenkins, TF Ranney, T AF Hewitt, AD Jenkins, TF Ranney, T BE Wickramanayake, GB Gavaskar, AR Kelley, ME Nehring, KW TI On-site method for nitroaromatic and nitramine explosives using GC-thermionic detectors SO RISK, REGULATORY, AND MONITORING CONSIDERATIONS: REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 22-25, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Battelle, EnviroMetal Technologies Inc, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Regenesis ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB An on-site method is under development for estimating concentrations of TNT, RDX, 2,4-DNT, and the two most commonly encountered environmental transformation products of TNT, 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, in soil and groundwater using a field-pot-table gas chromatograph and a thermionic ionization detector. Soil samples are extracted with acetone, and the extracts are filtered prior to determination. Groundwater samples are passed through a solid phase extraction cartridge, which is subsequently extracted with 5 mL of acetone. A 1-muL volume of the soil or water extract is manually injected into the field-portable GC. The major advantage of this method over currently available colorimetric and enzyme immunoassay on-site methods is the ability to quantify a suite of target analytes that often coexist in soils and groundwater contaminated with explosive residues, while achieving adequate detection limits for current action levels. Moreover, this method is less expensive to implement than the only other field multi-analyte on-site method that has been demonstrated for this application. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Hewitt, AD (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-095-0 PY 2000 BP 87 EP 94 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BR65P UT WOS:000167101600012 ER PT B AU Hewitt, AD AF Hewitt, AD BE Wickramanayake, GB Gavaskar, AR Kelley, ME Nehring, KW TI Correlation of soil-gas and soil sample measurements for TCE SO RISK, REGULATORY, AND MONITORING CONSIDERATIONS: REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 22-25, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Battelle, EnviroMetal Technologies Inc, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Regenesis AB A linear (slope = 0.81) relationship and strong correlation (r(2) = 0.95) were obtained for the comparison of trichloroethylene (TCE) concentrations in soil-vapor and soil matrix samples. Once this relationship is established for a given site, active soil-vapor measurements can be used to supplement the collection of discrete soil samples, thereby lowering the cost of projects requiring longterm monitoring. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Hewitt, AD (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-095-0 PY 2000 BP 327 EP 331 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BR65P UT WOS:000167101600042 ER PT B AU Hewitt, AD AF Hewitt, AD BE Wickramanayake, GB Gavaskar, AR Kelley, ME Nehring, KW TI Recommended soil sample collection, handling, and preservation alternatives for VOCS SO RISK, REGULATORY, AND MONITORING CONSIDERATIONS: REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 22-25, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Battelle, EnviroMetal Technologies Inc, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Regenesis AB The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) currently have efforts underway to include frozen storage as a method of soil sample preservation in future revisions of their guidance documents (Method 5035A and D 4547, respectively). Freezing provides another option for long term storage of up to 14 days after collection and is particularly beneficial for the characterization of low concentrations of aerobically degradable compounds. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Hewitt, AD (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-095-0 PY 2000 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BR65P UT WOS:000167101600043 ER PT J AU Cohen, SH AF Cohen, SH TI Special section on atomic force microscopy/scanning tunneling microscopy - Introduction SO SCANNING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Natick Res & Dev Labs, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Cohen, SH (reprint author), USA, Natick Res & Dev Labs, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 22 IS 1 BP I EP I PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 297PP UT WOS:000086091500001 ER PT J AU Hammond, EC Berry, FD Mitchell, F Barron, D Cohen, SH AF Hammond, EC Berry, FD Mitchell, F Barron, D Cohen, SH TI Microcratering within the lunar regolith - A theory and observation SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE lunar regolith; atomic force microscopy; microcrater; micrometeor; primordial dust AB Since the Apollo 11 mission to the moon, there has been substantial analysis of the lunar rocks and soil grains, utilizing more, recent advances in electron probe technologies. If is the objective of this research to revisit the theories concerning the microcratering within the lunar regolith. Recent theories have included the idea that the microcratering phenomenon was caused by meteoric impacting onto the lunar surface during early lunar history. Other theories have suggested that the microcratering, was a result of secondary ejector associated with micrometeoric and meteoric impact. This research team suggests that microcratering may have been associated with primordial dust during and before the formation of our solar system. C1 Morgan State Univ, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Hammond, EC (reprint author), 3502 N Hilton Rd, Baltimore, MD 21216 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 22 IS 1 BP 16 EP 23 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 297PP UT WOS:000086091500005 PM 10768385 ER PT B AU Ciftan, M AF Ciftan, M BE Turchi, PEA Shull, RD Gonis, A TI On the transformation of "Metallurgy and Ceramics" to Materials Science" - A personal perspective SO SCIENCE OF ALLOYS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: A HUME ROTHERY SYMPOSIUM CELEBRATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Science of Alloys for the 21st Century - A Hume-Rothery Symposium Celebration CY OCT 18-20, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP TMS, Electr Magnet & Photon Div, TMS, Extract & Processing Div, TMS, Light Met Div, TMS, Mat Processing & MFG Div, TMS, Struct Mat Div C1 USA, Res Off, Dept Army, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Ciftan, M (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Dept Army, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-445-3 PY 2000 BP 49 EP 50 PG 2 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BR36G UT WOS:000166191900006 ER PT J AU Ballard, JN AF Ballard, JN TI Corps of engineers: Simulator research improves navigation channel design SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Ballard, JN (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 41 IS 1 BP 49 EP 50 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 280CP UT WOS:000085084900017 ER PT S AU Marvel, LM Hartwig, GW Boncelet, C AF Marvel, LM Hartwig, GW Boncelet, C BE Wong, PW Delp, EJ TI Compression-compatible fragile and semi-fragile tamper detection SO SECURITY AND WATERMARKING OF MULTIMEDIA CONTENTS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents II CY JAN 24-26, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE tamper detection; steganography; image compression AB In this paper, we present two tamper-detection techniques. The first is a fragile technique that can detect the most minor changes in a marked image using a DCT-based data hiding method to embed a tamper-detection mark. The second is a semi-fragile technique that detects the locations of significant manipulations while disregarding the less important effects of image compression and additive channel noise. Both techniques are fully described and the performance of each algorithms demonstrated by manipulation of the marked images. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Marvel, LM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3589-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3971 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1117/12.384967 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BQ23C UT WOS:000087646600012 ER PT J AU Scott, LA AF Scott, LA TI Oocyte and embryo polarity SO SEMINARS IN REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE polarity; axes; development ID INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION; INNER CELL MASS; BLASTOCYST RELATIONSHIPS; MAMMALIAN EMBRYOS; AXIS ORIENTATION; MOUSE EMBRYOS; BODY; FERTILIZATION; EXPRESSION; POSITION AB The development of all low-order animals and noneutherian mammals follows an organized, polarized directional course from fertilization through fetal development. New evidence points to a fundamental polarization during all steps of mammalian development, from the early oocyte through fertilization and gastrulation. The generator of this polarization is primarily at the genetic level, with the results of gene expression and checkpoints being manifested in phenotype. Although cell-cell interactions reinforce the polarization of the embryo, they are not the underlying means of establishing axes in eutherian embryos. The ability of mammalian cells to remain totipotent is only partial, with little evidence that isolated blastomeres can result in full fetal development. The isolated blastomere can, however contribute to development if reintroduced into a polarized environment. Polarization begins in the unovulated oocyte and is reinforced at fertilization. The axes and polarization established at fertilization endure through to the blastocyst stage and define the axes during gastrulation and fetal development. C1 ART Inst Washington Inc, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20012 USA. RP Scott, LA (reprint author), ART Inst Washington Inc, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Box 59727, Washington, DC 20012 USA. NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1526-8004 J9 SEMIN REPROD MED JI Semin. Reprod. Med. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 2 BP 171 EP 183 DI 10.1055/s-2000-12556 PG 13 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 413GC UT WOS:000167601100009 PM 11256167 ER PT J AU Roy, S DeAnna, RG Mehregany, M Zakar, E AF Roy, S DeAnna, RG Mehregany, M Zakar, E TI A capacitive ice detection microsensor SO SENSORS AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ice detection; capacitance sensor; icing; microsensors; ice properties ID SILICON AB An ice detection system using a microfabricated diaphragm as the sensing element and portable capacitance detection circuitry is presented. During operation, actuation forces are applied electrostatically to cause diaphragm deformation. Accumulation of ice on the diaphragm leads to an increase in its effective stiffness. Therefore, for a given actuation voltage, the ice-covered diaphragm exhibits a smaller deflection than the corresponding ice-free diaphragm. This deflection is measured using a customized, portable, high-sensitivity, differential capacitance measurement circuit. Finite-element analysis (FEA) is used to optimize the sensor geometry for enhanced sensitivity to ice accretion. The sensor is fabricated by bulk micromachining and wafer bonding of silicon and glass substrates. The sensor is operated with the diaphragm in the stiffness-sensitive mode, enabling the discrimination between ice and water (or deicing fluids) films. Calibration experiments reveal that the miniature ice detection sensor system can successfully detect ice and water film thicknesses between approximately 0.5-1.5 mm. Finally, dynamic testing indicates that the adhesion of ice to silicon is poor when the sensor is driven continuously. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Microfabricat Lab, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU MYU, SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING DIVISION PI TOKYO PA 1-23-3-303 SENDAGI, TOKYO, 113-0022, JAPAN SN 0914-4935 J9 SENSOR MATER JI Sens. Mater. PY 2000 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 319VM UT WOS:000087364100001 ER PT J AU Newland, DE Butler, GD AF Newland, DE Butler, GD TI Application of time-frequency analysis to transient data from centrifuge earthquake testing SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID WAVELET ANALYSIS; VIBRATION AB Centrifuge model experiments have generated complex transient vibration data. New algorithms for time-frequency analysis using harmonic wavelets provide a good method of analyzing these data. We describe how the experimental data have been collected and show typical time-frequency maps obtained by the harmonic wavelet algorithm. Some preliminary comments on the interpretation of these maps are given in terms of the physics of the underlying model. Important features of the motion that are not otherwise apparent emerge from the analysis. Later papers will deal with their more detailed interpretation and their implications for centrifuge modeling. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Newland, DE (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Trumpington St, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2000 VL 7 IS 4 BP 195 EP 202 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 367JT UT WOS:000090058500002 ER PT S AU Segletes, SB AF Segletes, SB BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Vibrational stiffness of an atomic lattice SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID EQUATION; PRESSURE; METALS; STATE; VOLUME; CU; MO AB A model is presented to estimate the characteristic vibrational stiffness of an atomic lattice, given the pairwise interaction potential of the constituent atom. Unlike nearest-neighbor approaches (e.g., Slater or Dugdale and MacDonald), the vibrational stiffness is shown to be distinct from the bulk (i.e., volumetric) stiffness. This vibrational stiffness implies a characteristic vibrational frequency of the lattice that varies with the lattice spacing, which is used to infer the Grueneisen function of the lattice. Because non-nearest lattice neighbors are accounted for, the equations are expressed in terms of triple summations of the pairwise potential. However, an analytical fit to these triple summations has been developed. Furthermore, the analytical form calibrates to a range of cold- and shock-compression data, resulting in an analytical frequency-based equation of state (EOS) for crystalline solids. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Segletes, SB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 161 EP 164 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600035 ER PT S AU Scheidler, M AF Scheidler, M BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Universal relations for pressure-shear waves in nonlinear elastic solids SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The centered shock waves or simple waves generated by oblique plate impact of nonlinear elastic solids are studied. Attention is restricted to materials for which the fast wave is purely longitudinal. This includes isotropic materials and appropriately aligned orthotropic or transversely isotropic materials. The emphasis is on the derivation of exact or approximate relations between stress, strain, particle velocities, and wave speeds which are universal in the sense that they do not involve material constants or material functions. For isotropic materials, universal relations for the difference between the longitudinal and lateral stresses are derived. C1 USA, Res Lab, APG, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Scheidler, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, APG, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 181 EP 184 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600040 ER PT S AU Stiel, LI Baker, EL AF Stiel, LI Baker, EL BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Optimized JCZ3 procedures for detonation properties at highly overdriven conditions SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Optimized extended JCZ3 procedures which have been implemented through the "JAGUAR" computer routines result in accurate detonation properties for wide ranges of conditions including the C-J state and high volume expansions. In order to obtain improved results at highly overdriven conditions, optimized EXP-6 parameters have been established for formic acid by the use of experimental Hugoniot data for PBX-9501. The procedures of this study enable the highly accurate calculation of detonation properties of explosives for a very nide range of volumes. C1 Polytech Univ, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. USA, TACOM, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Stiel, LI (reprint author), Polytech Univ, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 211 EP 214 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600047 ER PT S AU Dandekar, DP Spletzer, SV AF Dandekar, DP Spletzer, SV BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Shock response of Ti-6Al-4V SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The shock behavior of a new Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been characterized up to stress levels of 13 GPa. Examination of velocity profiles obtained from five transmission experiments indicate elastic-plastic behavior in the material. Magnitude of the HEL lies between 2 - 3 GPa and appears to be dependent on material thickness. Spall strength tends to vary with changes in pulse width; ranging from 3.3 - 4.2 GPa. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Dandekar, DP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 427 EP 430 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600097 ER PT S AU Bartkowski, PT Dandekar, DP AF Bartkowski, PT Dandekar, DP BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Recompression of PMMA following shock induced tension SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID WAVE AB PMMA is inferred to deform like an elastic-plastic material under shock wave compression and release. This article presents evidence of an unusual recompression response of PMMA following its spallation under shock induced tension. The final recompressed state is attained through multiple wave propagations. The free surface velocity change associated with the first wave following spallation is 10-12 m/s. The final amplitude of the recompressed state decreases when the impact stress equals or exceeds 0.76 GPa. It is at this stress that evidence for the propagation of a third wave propagation appears to emerge. The origin of these multiple waves in PMMA under recompression following its spall remains unclear at present. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Bartkowski, PT (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM pbartko@arl.mil; ddandek@arl.mil NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 539 EP 542 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600124 ER PT S AU Hsieh, AJ Akkala, S Brar, NS AF Hsieh, AJ Akkala, S Brar, NS BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI High strain-rate behavior of coextruded polycarbonate/PMMA composites SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Dynamic impact response of coextruded 2048-layer composites consisting of alternate layers of ductile polycarbonate (PC) and brittle polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with various layer configuration was examined using the compression split Hopkinson bar (SHB) technique. The dynamic stress-strain measurements revealed that the apparent yield (maximum) stress of these co-extruded composites was strongly dependent upon the relative thicknesses of PC and PMMA layers. PC/PMMA multi-layers with 5, 10, and 20 volume-percent (vol.%) of PMMA yielded at stresses comparable to that of the all PC sheet (PC-control); however, the yield stress values were significantly higher for the composites with less than 80 vol.% PC. Increasing the PMMA layer thickness and decreasing the PC content significantly increased the yield stress of PC/PMMA laminates. The SHE data correlated very well with deformation behavior observed in the PC/PMMA composites subjected to fragment-simulating-projectile (FSP) impact. Composites with less than 80 vol.% PC failed in a brittle mode. Ductile deformation, a predominant mode of failure in PC, was observed in the composites with 90 and 95 vol.% of PC; however, a mixed mode of failure occurred in the composite with 80 vol.% of PC. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,MA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Hsieh, AJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,MA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 555 EP 558 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600128 ER PT S AU Boteler, JM Rajendran, AM Grove, D AF Boteler, JM Rajendran, AM Grove, D BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Shock wave profiles in polymer matrix composite SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The promise of lightweight armor which is also structurally robust is of particular importance to the Army for future combat vehicles. Fiber reinforced organic matrix composites such as Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC) are being considered for this purpose due to their lower density and promising dynamic response. The work discussed here extends the prior work of Boteler who studied the delamination strength of PMC and Dandekar and Beaulieu who investigated the compressive and tensile strengths of PMC. In a series of shock wave experiments, the wave profile was examined as a function of propagation distance in PMC. Uniaxial strain was achieved by symmetric plate impact in the ARL 102 mm bore single-stage light gas gun. Embedded polyvinylidene flouride (PVDF) stress-rate gauges provided a stress history at three unique locations in the PMC and particle velocity history was recorded with VISAR. All stress data was compared to a Lagrangian hydrocode (EPIC) employing a model to describe the viscoelastic response of the composite material in one-dimension. The experimental stress histories displayed attenuation and loading properties in good agreement with model predictions. However, the unloading was observed to be markedly different than the hydrocode simulations. These results are discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Impact Phys Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Boteler, JM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Impact Phys Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 563 EP 566 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600130 ER PT S AU Grove, DJ Rajendran, AM AF Grove, DJ Rajendran, AM BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Modeling of microcrack density based damage evolution in ceramic rods SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB This paper presents results from simulations of shock wave propagation in ceramic rods with and without confinement. The experiments involved steel and graded-density flyer plates impacting sleeved and unsleeved AD995 ceramic rods. The main objectives of simulating these experiments were: 1) to validate the Rajendran-Grove (RG) ceramic model constants, and 2) to investigate the effects of confinement on damage evolution in ceramic rods, as predicted by the RG model. While the experimental measurements do not indicate the details of damage evolution in the ceramic rod, the numerical modeling has provided some valuable insight into the damage initiation and propagation processes in ceramic rods. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,TD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Grove, DJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,TD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 619 EP 622 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600143 ER PT S AU Meisel, LV Scanlon, RD Johnson, MA Lanzerotti, YD AF Meisel, LV Scanlon, RD Johnson, MA Lanzerotti, YD BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Self-affine analysis on curved reference surfaces: Self-affine fractal characterization of a TNT surface SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB A trinitrotoluene (TNT) fracture surface image is characterized in terms of a self-affine fractal structure. The fracture surface was produced by high acceleration in an ultracentrifuge when the TNT strength was exceeded. An atomic force microscope (AFM) captured the topography of a 4 micron square region on the fracture surface. The present analysis supports a self-affine fractal description of he TNT fracture surface (wavelengths of 0.016 micron to 4.0 micron) and provides a new perspective on fracture processes in TNT. An essential step in self-affine fractal characterization of surfaces is the determination of reference surfaces. A self-affine fracture surface can be described in terms of a single-valued height function. In the TNT fracture surface, single-valued height functions, which describe surface texture, can only be defined with respect to curved reference surfaces. By employing curved reference surfaces, we have demonstrated that self-affine fractal scaling can be used to characterize the TNT fracture surface. This provides important information that is not evident in the analysis of individual surface scans. C1 USA, Benet Labs, TACOM, ARDEC, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Meisel, LV (reprint author), USA, Benet Labs, TACOM, ARDEC, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 727 EP 730 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600169 ER PT S AU Billingsley, JP AF Billingsley, JP BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI HMX and HNS shock sensitivity correlation with specific heat amd reactive temperature magnitudes SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Plane shock energy inputs an the order of the thermal vibratory energy increment, Delta(v.e.)(TR) = integral(TEXP)(TR) C-p dT between experimental conditions (T-EXP) and reactive conditions (T-R), are sufficient to create shock induced reactions, up to and including detonations, in energetic materials. This is demonstrated for HMX and HNS. C1 USA, AMCOM, AMSAM, RD,SS,AA, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Billingsley, JP (reprint author), USA, AMCOM, AMSAM, RD,SS,AA, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 899 EP 902 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600210 ER PT S AU Meyer, HW Abeln, T Bingert, S Bruchey, WJ Brannon, RM Chhabildas, LC Dienes, JK Middleditch, J AF Meyer, HW Abeln, T Bingert, S Bruchey, WJ Brannon, RM Chhabildas, LC Dienes, JK Middleditch, J BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Crack behavior of ballistically impacted ceramic SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB A hot isostatically pressed (HIP) assembly of titanium alloy encapsulated AD995 ceramic, subjected to ballistic impact, is studied in detail. The crack behavior of ceramic confined in this way is studied in a combined experimental and computational effort. Fabrication of the HIP assembly is described. An experiment in which an assembly was impacted with a Lexan impactor at 1560 m/s is discussed, and the resulting deformation of the assembly and cracking of the ceramic are characterized. The Statistical Crack Mechanics (SCM) model for brittle materials is briefly described. The implementations of this model into the Lagrangian code PRONTO and into the Eulerian code CTH are described and used to further study the response of the ceramic during the experiment. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Meyer, HW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 1109 EP 1112 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600257 ER PT S AU O'Connor, J O'Kane, BL AF O'Connor, J O'Kane, BL BE Kadar, I TI What's hot and what's not: general principle for image understanding applied to combat vehicle identification SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition IX CY APR 24-26, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB A study was conducted with military users expert in vehicle identification to understand the effects of various types of prior knowledge on their performance in identifying vehicles in thermal imagery. Subject's abilities to identify line drawings and color photographs, as well as their ability to accurately describe vehicle engine and exhaust locations were compared to their ability to identify the same vehicles' thermal signatures. High correlation was found between identification performance on all types of prior knowledge and thermal imagery identification. The most significant correlation was knowledge of vehicle engine and exhaust locations with respect to thermal vehicle identification. The authors concluded that familiarity with vehicles in line drawings and photos, without knowledge of thermal signatures and emissive sources, such as engines and exhausts, was not sufficient for effective performance in combat vehicle identification with thermal sights. C1 USA, Commun & Elect Comman, Night Vis Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP O'Connor, J (reprint author), USA, Commun & Elect Comman, Night Vis Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3678-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4052 BP 111 EP 117 DI 10.1117/12.395062 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BR51K UT WOS:000166690400012 ER PT S AU Saddow, SE Carter, GE Geil, B Zheleva, T Melnychuck, G Okhuysen, ME Mazzola, MS Vispute, RD Derenge, M Ervin, M Jones, KA AF Saddow, SE Carter, GE Geil, B Zheleva, T Melnychuck, G Okhuysen, ME Mazzola, MS Vispute, RD Derenge, M Ervin, M Jones, KA BE Carter, CH Devaty, RP Rohrer, GS TI Lateral Epitaxial Overgrowth and pendeo epitaxy of 3C-SiC on Si substrates SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - 1999 PTS, 1 & 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 10-15, 1999 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA SP NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USAF, Res Lab, mat & Mfg Directoirate, USN, Off Res, Def Res & Engn, Cree Inc, Charles & Colvard Inc, ABB Semicond, Sterling Semicond Inc, ATMI Inc, Epigress AB, Aixtron AG, Northrop Grumman, Siemens AG, EMCORE Inc, GE, Corp R & D, Litton Airton, II-VI Inc DE 3C-SiC; heteroepitaxy; LEO; pendeo; TEM AB Lateral Epitaxial Overgrowth (LEO) experiments on 3C-SiC were conducted on patterned substrates. Due to the high CVD growth temperatures required for high-quality single-crystal 3C-SiC, dielectric mask materials with higher thermal stability than SiO2 were used. Experiments were performed with amorphous Si3N4 deposited via PECVD and AIN, deposited both by PLD and MOCVD. These masks were deposited and patterned on (100) Si substrates containing a 4 mum 3C-SiC epitaxial layer grown using a standard 3C-SiC growth process. Single crystal 3C-SiC was regrown in the mask window regions. However, polycrystalline 3C-SiC nucleated on the mask stripes for the growth conditions studied. Pendeo epitaxy (PE) was performed on the same material where the 3C-SiC epilayer was etched to form 3C-SiC stripes on a (100) Si substrate. It appears that Pendeo epitaxy was achieved with lateral and vertical growth on the 3C-SiC columns having been observed. C1 Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Saddow, SE (reprint author), Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 6 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 338-3 BP 245 EP 248 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BR27W UT WOS:000165996700059 ER PT S AU Sarney, WL Salamanca-Riba, L Zhou, P Taylor, C Spencer, MG Vispute, RD Jones, KA AF Sarney, WL Salamanca-Riba, L Zhou, P Taylor, C Spencer, MG Vispute, RD Jones, KA BE Carter, CH Devaty, RP Rohrer, GS TI The effect of Ge on the structure & morphology of SiC films grown on (111) Si substrates SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - 1999 PTS, 1 & 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 10-15, 1999 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA SP NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USAF, Res Lab, mat & Mfg Directoirate, USN, Off Res, Def Res & Engn, Cree Inc, Charles & Colvard Inc, ABB Semicond, Sterling Semicond Inc, ATMI Inc, Epigress AB, Aixtron AG, Northrop Grumman, Siemens AG, EMCORE Inc, GE, Corp R & D, Litton Airton, II-VI Inc DE cubic SiC; polytypism; substrate growth AB Due to the lack of isomorphism and the large lattice and thermal expansion coefficient mismatch, SiC films grown on Si are usually low quality and grow three dimensionally. To stabilize the growth front we grew several SiC films on Si (111) substrates with GeH4 flow rates ranging from 0 - 50 sccm in a MOCVD reactor at 1000 degreesC. SiC films grown with GeH4 flow rates at or below 15 sccm consist of amorphous and/or small polycrystalline grains. Samples grown with GeH4 flow rates at or exceeding 20 sccm consist of crystalline 3C grains, and have a single crystalline initial layer followed by a heavily twinned crystalline layer. The initial layer consists of up to 80 nm of high quality single crystal 3C SiC, which could possibly be used as a buffer layer for either cubic nitride growth or for further SiC growth without Ge. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Howard Univ, Mat Sci Res Ctr Excellence, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sarney, WL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/B-3785-2009 OI Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/0000-0001-8155-6403 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 338-3 BP 277 EP 280 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BR27W UT WOS:000165996700067 ER PT S AU Saddow, SE Williams, J Isaacs-Smith, T Capano, MA Cooper, JA Mazzola, MS Hsieh, AJ Casady, JB AF Saddow, SE Williams, J Isaacs-Smith, T Capano, MA Cooper, JA Mazzola, MS Hsieh, AJ Casady, JB BE Carter, CH Devaty, RP Rohrer, GS TI High temperature implant activation in 4H and 6H-SiC in a silane ambient to reduce step bunching SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - 1999 PTS, 1 & 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 10-15, 1999 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA SP NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USAF, Res Lab, mat & Mfg Directoirate, USN, Off Res, Def Res & Engn, Cree Inc, Charles & Colvard Inc, ABB Semicond, Sterling Semicond Inc, ATMI Inc, Epigress AB, Aixtron AG, Northrop Grumman, Siemens AG, EMCORE Inc, GE, Corp R & D, Litton Airton, II-VI Inc DE anneal; ion implantation; silane overpressure AB The mechanical strength of silicon carbide does not permit the use of diffusion as a means to achieve selective doping as required by most electronic devices. While epitaxial layers may be doped during growth, ion implantation is needed to define such regions as drain and source wells, junction isolation regions, etc. While ion implantation has been studied in all of the silicon carbide polytypes, ion activation has resulted in serious crystal damage as these activation processes must be carried out at temperatures on the order of 1600 degreesC. Ion implanted silicon carbide that is annealed in either a vacuum or hydrogen environment usually results in a surface morphology that is highly irregular due to the out diffusion of Si atoms. We have developed and report a successful process of using silicon overpressure, provided by silane in a CVD reactor during the anneal, to prevent the destruction of the silicon carbide surface. This process has proved to be robust and has resulted in complete ion activation at a annealing temperature of 1600 degreesC. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Emerging Mat Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Leach Sci Ctr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Elect Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,MA,Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Saddow, SE (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Emerging Mat Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 8 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 338-3 BP 901 EP 904 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BR27W UT WOS:000165996700218 ER PT S AU Tucker, JB Handy, EM Rao, MV Holland, OW Papanicolaou, N Jones, KA AF Tucker, JB Handy, EM Rao, MV Holland, OW Papanicolaou, N Jones, KA BE Carter, CH Devaty, RP Rohrer, GS TI Characteristics of n-p junction diodes made by double-implantations into SiC SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - 1999 PTS, 1 & 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 10-15, 1999 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA SP NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USAF, Res Lab, mat & Mfg Directoirate, USN, Off Res, Def Res & Engn, Cree Inc, Charles & Colvard Inc, ABB Semicond, Sterling Semicond Inc, ATMI Inc, Epigress AB, Aixtron AG, Northrop Grumman, Siemens AG, EMCORE Inc, GE, Corp R & D, Litton Airton, II-VI Inc DE annealing; diode; doping; ion-implantation AB Empirical formulae for range statistics of acceptor ions Al+ and B+ in the energy range 50 keV to 4 MeV were developed by fitting the data obtained from the analysis of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) depth profiles of single energy ion implants. Double implantation technology consisting of deep-range acceptor followed by shallow-range donor implantation was used to fabricate n-p junction diodes in 4H-SIC. Either Al or B was used as the acceptor species and N as the donor species with all implants performed at 700 degreesC and annealed at 1650 degreesC with an AIN encapsulant. The diodes were characterized for their current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) behavior over the temperature range 25 degreesC to 400 degreesC. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Res Lab, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tucker, JB (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 338-3 BP 925 EP 928 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BR27W UT WOS:000165996700224 ER PT S AU Scozzie, CJ Lelis, AJ McLean, FB AF Scozzie, CJ Lelis, AJ McLean, FB BE Carter, CH Devaty, RP Rohrer, GS TI Mobility in 6H-SiC n-channel MOSFETs SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - 1999 PTS, 1 & 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 10-15, 1999 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA SP NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USAF, Res Lab, mat & Mfg Directoirate, USN, Off Res, Def Res & Engn, Cree Inc, Charles & Colvard Inc, ABB Semicond, Sterling Semicond Inc, ATMI Inc, Epigress AB, Aixtron AG, Northrop Grumman, Siemens AG, EMCORE Inc, GE, Corp R & D, Litton Airton, II-VI Inc DE interface trap; mobility degradation coefficient; MOSFETs; oxide charge; stress effects ID CHARGE AB The effects of process-induced fixed oxide charge and interface-traps, as well as high-temperature stress-induced interface traps, on MOSFET mobility are investigated for n-channer 6H-SiC devices with 50-nm gate oxides, both thermally grown and deposited. MOSFET channel mobility in the limit of low interface charge is determined to be 167 cm(2)/V-s in the thermal oxides, for an effective vertical field in the inversion layer of 0.14 MV/cm. Also reported for the first time are mobility degradation coefficients for process-induced and stress-induced charge centers in these oxides. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Scozzie, CJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 338-3 BP 1121 EP 1124 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BR27W UT WOS:000165996700273 ER PT S AU Lelis, AJ Scozzie, CJ McLean, FB Geil, BR Vispute, RD Venkatesan, T AF Lelis, AJ Scozzie, CJ McLean, FB Geil, BR Vispute, RD Venkatesan, T BE Carter, CH Devaty, RP Rohrer, GS TI Comparison of high-temperature electrical characterizations of pulsed-laser deposited AlN on 6H- and 4H-SiC from 25 to 450 degrees C SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - 1999 PTS, 1 & 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 10-15, 1999 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA SP NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USAF, Res Lab, mat & Mfg Directoirate, USN, Off Res, Def Res & Engn, Cree Inc, Charles & Colvard Inc, ABB Semicond, Sterling Semicond Inc, ATMI Inc, Epigress AB, Aixtron AG, Northrop Grumman, Siemens AG, EMCORE Inc, GE, Corp R & D, Litton Airton, II-VI Inc DE aluminium nitride; gate dielectrics; leakage mechanism; passivation films; pulsed laser deposition; Schottky emission ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ALUMINUM NITRIDE; SILICON AB The high-temperature dielectric properties of thin-film aluminum nitride (AIN) that was pulsed-laser deposited (PLD) on heavily doped n-type 6H and 4H-SiC substrates are investigated from 25 to 450 degreesC. Identical, very low leakage current densities (< 1 x 10(-2) A/cm(2) at 450 C for a 2-MV/cm electric field) are reported for both polytypes. The primary high-temperature leakage mechanism appears to be Schottky emission with zero-field barrier heights for 6H and 4H of 1.68 and 1.55 eV, respectively. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Lelis, AJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 338-3 BP 1137 EP 1140 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BR27W UT WOS:000165996700277 ER PT S AU Shah, PB Geil, BR Jones, KA Griffin, TE Derenge, MA AF Shah, PB Geil, BR Jones, KA Griffin, TE Derenge, MA BE Carter, CH Devaty, RP Rohrer, GS TI 4H-SiC gate turn-off thyristor designs for very high power control SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - 1999 PTS, 1 & 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 10-15, 1999 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NC SP NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USAF, Res Lab, mat & Mfg Directoirate, USN, Off Res, Def Res & Engn, Cree Inc, Charles & Colvard Inc, ABB Semicond, Sterling Semicond Inc, ATMI Inc, Epigress AB, Aixtron AG, Northrop Grumman, Siemens AG, EMCORE Inc, GE, Corp R & D, Litton Airton, II-VI Inc DE gate turn-off thyristor; power conditioning AB Measurements indicate that in power conditioning circuits using SiC gate turn-off(GTO) thyristors, conduction losses can be reduced by injection of a portion of the load current through an electrode connected to the base regions so that it encounters only two back-to-back p-n junctions. Simulations of SiC GTO thyristors indicate that the maximum voltage blocked can be increased and the turn-off time reduced by an increase in the thickness of the p-type buffer layer (p+ base region). These simulations also show that it is permissible to have the drift region n-type whether the gates are on an n-base or ap-base. This option is desirable because high-quality thick n-type epilayers are easier to grow than p-type epilayers. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE RL, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE RL, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 338-3 BP 1395 EP 1398 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BR27W UT WOS:000165996700340 ER PT S AU Vispute, RD Enck, R Patel, A Ming, B Sharma, RP Venkatesan, T Scozzie, CJ Lelis, A McLean, FB Zheleva, T Jones, KA AF Vispute, RD Enck, R Patel, A Ming, B Sharma, RP Venkatesan, T Scozzie, CJ Lelis, A McLean, FB Zheleva, T Jones, KA BE Carter, CH Devaty, RP Rohrer, GS TI Pulsed laser deposition: A novel growth technique for wide-bandgap semiconductor research SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - 1999 PTS, 1 & 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 10-15, 1999 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA SP NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USAF, Res Lab, mat & Mfg Directoirate, USN, Off Res, Def Res & Engn, Cree Inc, Charles & Colvard Inc, ABB Semicond, Sterling Semicond Inc, ATMI Inc, Epigress AB, Aixtron AG, Northrop Grumman, Siemens AG, EMCORE Inc, GE, Corp R & D, Litton Airton, II-VI Inc DE AlN encapsulation; AlN high temperature dielectrics; Ga-Al-N alloys; ohmic contacts; pulsed laser deposition; thyristors; TiN AB The present work describes a novel, relatively simple and efficient technique of pursed laser deposition (PLD) for rapid prototyping of thin films and multilayer heterostructures of wide-bandgap semiconductors and related materials. In this method, a KrF-pulsed excimer laser is used for ablation of polycrystalline, stoichiometric targets of wide-bandgap materials. Upon laser absorption by the target surface, a strong plasma plume is produced, which then condenses onto the substrate, which is kept at a suitable distance from the target surface. We have optimized the processing parameters, such as laser fluence, substrate temperature, background gas pressure, target to substrate distance, and pulse repetition rate, for the growth of high-quality thin films and heterostructures of AlN, GaN, and their alloys. Application of this technique in the fabrication of high-quality AlN thin films for SiC encapsulation, low-leakage AlN dielectric layers, and epitaxial TSI ohmic contacts for high-temperature SiC-based thyristors is discussed. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Supercond Res, CSR, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Vispute, RD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Supercond Res, CSR, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 338-3 BP 1503 EP 1506 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BR27W UT WOS:000165996700365 ER PT S AU Garg, DP Anderson, GL AF Garg, DP Anderson, GL BE Lynch, CS TI Research in active composite materials and structures: an overview SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2000 - ACTIVE MATERIALS: BEHAVIOR AND MECHANICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2000 Conference CY MAR 05-09, 2000 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engn, BFGoodrich, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, USA Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, Japan DE active materials; smart structures; sensors and actuators ID CONSTRAINED LAYER TREATMENTS; C-BLOCK ACTUATORS; DAMPERS; OPTIMIZATION; PERFORMANCE; ANTENNAS; DESIGN AB During the past several years, the Materials Science Division(1) and the Mechanical and Environmental Sciences Division(2) of the Army Research Office have been supporting projects focusing on basic research in the area of smart materials and structures. The major emphasis of the ARO Structures and Dynamics Program has been on the theoretical, computational, and experimental analysis of smart structures and structural dynamics, damping, active control, and health monitoring as applied to rotorcraft, electromagnetic antenna structures, missiles, land vehicles, and weapon systems. The research projects supported by the program have been primarily directed towards improving the ability to predict, control, and optimize the dynamic response of complex, multi-body deformable structures. The projects in the field of smart materials and structures have included multi-disciplinary research conducted by teams of several faculty members as well as research performed by individual investigators. Typical examples of current Multi-Disciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) projects include "Innovative Technologies for Actively Controlled Jet-Smooth Quiet Rotorcraft" at the University of Maryland that is being carried out in collaboration with Pennsylvania State University and Cornell University, and "Multi-Disciplinary Research in Smart Composite Structures" at MIT. The Materials Science Division monitors two other MURI programs, in which emphasis is placed on the development of active materials. MURI projects concerned with MEMS sensors for gas turbine engines and design and control techniques for smart structures are monitored in ARO's Combustion and Propulsion Program and Control Theory Program, respectively. Examples of representative individual investigator projects include "Manufacturing and Design of Built-in Diagnostics for Composite Structures" at Stanford University; "Structural Damping by Coupling Structures with Electronic Circuits" at North Carolina A&T University and University of Missouri-Rolla; "Modeling, Analysis, and Optimization of a Smart Composite Box Beam for Rotorcraft" at Arizona State University; and "Active-Passive Hybrid Adaptive Structures for Dual-Functional Multi-Directional Vibration Control" at Pennsylvania State University. Additional typical individual investigator projects include "Balanced Active Rotor Blade Flap System Using Piezoceramic C-Block Actuators" at the University of Michigan and Auburn University; "Innovative Surface Damping Treatments" at the University of Washington; "Design, Modeling, and Testing of Smart Electromagnetic Structures" at the Ohio State University; "A Novel Magneto-Rheological Shock Absorber for Vibration Control" at University of Nevada; and "Optimal Design of Smart Actuators and Structures" at State University of New York @ Stony Brook. This paper begins with a brief discussion of smart or active materials(3) - i.e., materials having capabilities of sensing changes from the surrounding environment and actively responding to those inputs in an effective manner. This is followed by illustrations from several current ARO-sponsored research projects related to active composite materials and structures. A summary of significant results based upon these investigations is given next. Finally, recommendations are made for directions of furture research in the active materials and structures area. C1 USA, Res Off, Engn Sci Directorate, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Anderson, GL (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Engn Sci Directorate, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3610-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3992 BP 2 EP 12 DI 10.1117/12.388188 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Composites; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BQ59Y UT WOS:000088918100001 ER PT S AU Walsh, SM Goetz, FJ Rigas, EJ AF Walsh, SM Goetz, FJ Rigas, EJ BE Claus, RO Spillman, WB TI Fuzzy sensors: the development of inexpensive structurally compatible sensor elements SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2000: SENSORY PHENOMENA AND MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTATION FOR SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2000 Conference CY MAR 05-09, 2000 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engn, BFGoodrich, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, USA Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, Japan DE smart materials; structural health monitoring; polymer composites; sensors AB Many of the sensor technologies considered for integration into "smart" materials systems have been adopted from a host of other applications. Consider, for example, fiber optics; these materials were originally designed for telecommunication and have since been modified to serve as effective sensor elements. The present research, by contrast, has focused on the development of a new generation of sensor specifically designed to meet a range of critical operational constraints. The sensor consists of conductive particles selectively distributed in a non-conductive matrix. The matrix could be an elastomer or the host matrix used in a polymer composite. Selective distribution of the particles allows for unprecedented amplification of the sensor signal, thus augmenting its ability to detect relatively weak disturbances in the host structure. The signals exhibit both analog and digital-like response characteristics, and hence they have been called "fuzzy" sensors. The advantages of this approach include a practical sensor element that exhibits very low cost (less than 10 cents per sensor), structural compatibility with the host structure, and high sensitivity. The fuzzy sensors have been successfully implemented in a structural composite component and a real time data retrieval system has been developed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Walsh, SM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3604-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3986 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1117/12.388100 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BQ59A UT WOS:000088899600002 ER PT S AU Ruffin, PB AF Ruffin, PB BE Varadan, VK TI Progress in the development of gyroscopes for use in tactical weapon systems SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2000: SMART ELECTRONICS AND MEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2000 Conference CY MAR 05-09, 2000 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engn, BFGoodrich, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, USA Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, Japan DE ring laser gyroscopes; fiber optic gyroscopes; MEMS-based gyroscopes AB Past and current research efforts initiated in the Government and industry for the development of gyroscopes for tactical weapon system applications are discussed in this paper. Spinning mass gyroscopes (with less than 1 nautical mile per hour circular error probability) were used in the early long-range missiles for precision guidance. During the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in advancing the performance capability of solid-state optical gyroscopes for use in tactical weapon systems. A number of Army missile systems currently use ring laser gyroscopes (RLG) as part of their navigation systems. A few years ago, the Government awarded several contracts to industry to develop small, reliable, low-cost fiber optic gyroscopes (FOG) that can operate in military environments. Recently, the Government awarded several contracts for the development of rugged, micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) gyroscopes to support emerging Army missions, which are moving toward low-cost, small diameter precision guided weapons for use against light targets. The RLG, FOG, and the MEMS-based gyroscopes are traded-off in this paper with respect to cost, size and performance for applications in current and future Army missile systems. The status of ongoing MEMS projects at the U. S. Army Aviation and Missile Command will also be discussed. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Ruffin, PB (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3608-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3990 BP 2 EP 12 DI 10.1117/12.388886 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BQ59W UT WOS:000088917700001 ER PT S AU Pereira, CM Mattice, MS Testa, R AF Pereira, CM Mattice, MS Testa, R BE Varadan, VK TI Intelligent sensing and wireless communications in harsh environments SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2000: SMART ELECTRONICS AND MEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2000 Conference CY MAR 05-09, 2000 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engn, BFGoodrich, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, USA Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, Japan DE wireless communications; battery-free; embedded sensors; stockpile surveillance; multi-use capability AB The objective of this paper is to focus on recent efforts to test and characterize the performance of MEMS inertial sensors and the characterization of battery-free embedded sensors in munitions. This paper will also discuss the need to implement and integrate internal wireless communications in conjunction with smart electronics and smart materials in innovative microelectronics designs with built in capability of duplex wireless communications between sensors and telemetry. Embedded wireless telemetry will eliminate wires and the stress on long wire runs between MEMS sensors and processing microelectronics in harsh environments. Further advancements in this wireless area will facilitate the integration of smart sensing, control and actuation with unprecedented capability to permanently embed telemetry as a part of the standard munition components. The embedded wireless telemetry would have built in capability for smart munitions stockpile surveillance, in-flight duplex communication and the capability to communicate to a ground station. Future telemetry links for munitions will have a significant multi-use capability, designed to measure, maintain reliability, predictive surveillance, actuation and remote control functionality. C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, USA Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07805 USA. RP Pereira, CM (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, USA Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Bldg 95, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07805 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3608-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3990 BP 194 EP 203 DI 10.1117/12.388916 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BQ59W UT WOS:000088917700023 ER PT S AU West, P Melendez, J AF West, P Melendez, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Just-in-time weather in the synthetic natural environment SO SMC 2000 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN & CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-5 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 08-11, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP IEEE Inc, Syst Man & Cybernet Soc DE synthetic natural environment; web-based simulation; janus; JETS; SWIM; XSCALE; NRMM AB Military mission rehearsals and virtual prototypes increasingly rely upon combat simulations to predict feasibility and success. Current US force projection doctrine requires these operations to be conducted anywhere, anytime, and under any conditions. Standard scenarios provide accurate location data, but generally lack realistic weather conditions that can easily reverse the fortunes of war. This paper describes an approach to bring realistic weather to combat simulations by merging historical achieves, engineering level mobility and detection models, and simulation databases into a robust synthetic natural environment. The conduit is the Simulation-Weather Interface Module (SWIM), a Java-based toolset connecting simulations and their managers via the world Wide Wed. This work allows analysts and planners to accurately determine and plan for weather conditions in any part of the world at any time. It also enables reliable what-if scenarios for mission rehearsal by forecasting operational weather, which than can be customized by the planner. The web-based interface allows scenarios to be revised via the Internet from anywhere in the world. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP West, P (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-6583-6 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2000 BP 472 EP 477 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR32T UT WOS:000166106900083 ER PT S AU Willis, JB Davis, MJ AF Willis, JB Davis, MJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Design of the reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition squadron for the US army's Interim Brigade Combat Team SO SMC 2000 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN & CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-5 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 08-11, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP IEEE Inc, Syst Man & Cybernet Soc DE reconnaissance; surveillance; target acquisition; squadron; Army; brigade; combat; team; unmanned; sensors; UAV; NBC; FSCS; systems; design; methodology AB The primary source of battlespace intelligence for the Army's proposed Interim Brigade Combat Team (BCT) is the Reconnaissance, Surveillance and Target Acquisition (RSTA) Squadron. The fundamental role of the RSTA Squadron is to provide detailed situational understanding to the BCT Commander facilitating freedom of maneuver and the concentration of combat power at the decisive time and place. Technologically advanced systems should substantially enhance RSTA Squadron operations. Among the proposed systems in the Squadron are the Future Scout and Cavalry System (FSCS), tactical unmanned aerial vehicles (TUAV), ground-based networked sensors (acoustic, seismic, magnetic, infrared, radio frequency), radio frequency (RF) detectors, and nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) reconnaissance systems. This paper outlines the process used to date for designing the RSTA Squadron and proposes an alternative approach: a systems engineering methodology to formulate, analyze and interpret RSTA Squadron design alternatives. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Willis, JB (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-6583-6 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2000 BP 478 EP 483 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR32T UT WOS:000166106900084 ER PT S AU Ezell, BC McCarthy, DJ Ratliff, WL McGinnis, ML AF Ezell, BC McCarthy, DJ Ratliff, WL McGinnis, ML GP IEEE IEEE TI Joint military headquarters redesign SO SMC 2000 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN & CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-5 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 08-11, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP IEEE Inc, Syst Man & Cybernet Soc DE function; headquarters design; and decomposition AB In the past decade, the focus of our military forces has shifted from a major theater of mar to many types of operations other than war including peace making, peacekeeping, and humanitarian support. Current headquarters elements that command and control such forces have, at best, only made marginal changes in organization and structure to adapt themselves to new missions and new technologies. This paper presents the application of systems engineering methods to reengineer our military forces' command and control systems around the now of information to facilitate decision-making and enhance military force effectiveness. The focus of our reengineering effort is designing systems for accomplishing high-level headquarters functions. The keg functions that a headquarters must perform are informing, deciding, and implementing decisions, all designed around the efficient flow of information. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Ezell, BC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-6583-6 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2000 BP 484 EP 489 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR32T UT WOS:000166106900085 ER PT S AU Ezell, BC Parnell, GS Hamies, YY Lambert, JH AF Ezell, BC Parnell, GS Hamies, YY Lambert, JH GP IEEE IEEE TI Designing an OOTW decision support system for military planners SO SMC 2000 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN & CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-5 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 08-11, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP IEEE Inc, Syst Man & Cybernet Soc DE operations other than war; decision support system; hierarchical holographic model; multi-attribute value theory AB The Intelligence Community must provide relevant, timely intelligence to support Operations Other Than War (OOTW). Recently, OOTW have become an increasing challenge to military planners. The Intelligence Community does not know with certainty where or when future OOTW will occur, what the operation will involve, when they mill occur, or how much advance warning mill be provided. To prudently deal with these challenges, the Army's National Ground Intelligence Center (NGIC) has developed a plan to systematically identify knowledge needs to support future OOTW. We present our preliminary knowledge hierarchy for collection of intelligence information to help national security planners prepare for future OOTWs. We developed a prototype to accept user input on alternative deployment locations and value assessments for criteria from the knowledge hierarchy to determine the best location. For a specific location, criteria receiving a score below the threshold, generate a needed capability for the deploying unit. By analyzing locations that could serve as military areas of operations the prototype answers the questions where to deploy and what to bring, This system represents the first attempt to use intelligence information in a decision support system that specifically addresses the needs of OOTW planners at multiple levels of command. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Ezell, BC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-6583-6 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2000 BP 495 EP 499 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR32T UT WOS:000166106900087 ER PT S AU James, JR Ragsdale, D Schafer, J Presby, T AF James, JR Ragsdale, D Schafer, J Presby, T GP IEEE IEEE TI Performance modeling of the advanced field artillery tactical data system SO SMC 2000 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN & CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-5 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 08-11, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP IEEE Inc, Syst Man & Cybernet Soc DE problem partitioning; distributed computing; metrics; performance modeling; latency; cognitive modeling; pattern recognition AB Planning of complex activities is a deliberative process and automation support for re-planning activities should provide for cognitive modeling of the planning process. One approach for modeling military planning systems is to partition the process into separable components and analyze the components individually. This paper takes the position that the cognitive model should contain details of the domain being supported and, especially for support of on-line replanning, knowledge of the system implementation architecture - including performance modeling of the implementation architecture. A possible issue is the failure of the separable components assumption when the system is composed of components (i.e, components are not separable when the inputs to system components are affected by the outputs of the components), We discuss these thoughts in some detail and provide an overview of a test bed framework being implemented to perform experiments on the validity of this approach. In particular, we are interested in creating analysis tools that apply metrics to sensed data to assist in determining when a re-planning activity is required and in prioritizing re-planning activities. The framework is intended to support experiments with military decision making and, in particular, with re-planning activities that support execution of a military Operation Order (OPORD). We are investigating use of a new simulation tool to accumulate information at the message-packet-level and perform analysis at the network-application-level. We discuss use of this framework for pattern recognition of activities distributed in time and space. We provide an introduction to our approach for partitioning the problem space and some ideas on design of experiments using this approach, Finally, we assert that this level of detail is required to enable assessment of the information assurance situation to support evaluation of risks, as well as implementation and application of metrics for analysis of alternatives for reacting to attacks and monitoring of the selected alternatives. C1 US Mil Acad, Informat Technol & Operat Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP James, JR (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Informat Technol & Operat Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-6583-6 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2000 BP 2257 EP 2262 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR32T UT WOS:000166106900393 ER PT S AU Ragsdale, DJ Carver, CA Humphries, JW Pooch, UW AF Ragsdale, DJ Carver, CA Humphries, JW Pooch, UW GP IEEE IEEE TI Adaptation techniques for intrusion detection and intrusion response systems SO SMC 2000 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN & CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-5 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 08-11, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP IEEE Inc, Syst Man & Cybernet Soc AB This paper examines techniques for providing adaptation in intrusion detection and intrusion response systems. As attacks on computer systems are becoming increasingly numerous and sophisticated, there is a growing need for intrusion detection and response systems to dynamically adapt to better detect and respond to attacks. The Adaptive Hierarchical Agent-based Intrusion Detection System (AHA! IDS) provides detection adaptation by adjusting the amount of system resources devoted to the task of detecting intrusive activities. This is accomplished by dynamically invoking new combinations of lower level detection agents in response to changing circumstances and by adjusting the confidence associated with these lower-level agents. The Adaptive Agent-based Intrusion Response System (AAIRS) provides response adaptation by weighting those responses that have been successful in the past over those techniques that have not been as successful. As a result, the more successful responses are used more often than the less successful techniques. It also adapts responses based on the system's belief that intrusion detection reports are valid. Intuitively, adaptive detection and response systems will provide more robust protection than static, non-adaptive systems. C1 US Mil Acad, Informat Technol & Operat Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Ragsdale, DJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Informat Technol & Operat Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-6583-6 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2000 BP 2344 EP 2349 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR32T UT WOS:000166106900408 ER PT B AU Tobiasson, W Buska, J Greatorex, A Tirey, J Fisher, J Johnson, S AF Tobiasson, W Buska, J Greatorex, A Tirey, J Fisher, J Johnson, S BE HjorthHansen, E Holand, I Loset, S Norem, H TI Developing ground snow loads for New Hampshire SO SNOW ENGINEERING: RECENT ADVANCES AND DEVELOPMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Snow Engineering CY JUN 19-21, 2000 CL TRONDHEIM, NORWAY SP Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol AB Because of New Hampshire's hilly landscape, mapped values of ground snow load are not available for much of its area. We conducted snow load case studies to establish ground snow loads for a specific elevation in each of the 140 towns where no values are currently available. That work was done by three researchers and three structural engineers practicing in New Hampshire. While our methods of analysis varied somewhat, our results were comparable and the feedback we received from each other was quite valuable. We then established an elevation correction factor to transfer our snow load answers to other elevations in each town. We did not do case studies for the 102 towns in New Hampshire where mapped values are available. We are now planning to do that, as we believe that case studies improve snow load design criteria. We suggest that similar studies be conducted for other places in the United States. C1 CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Tobiasson, W (reprint author), CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-148-1 PY 2000 BP 313 EP 321 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BQ56S UT WOS:000088783300045 ER PT J AU Hornmark, ET Lyon, SA Poindexter, EH Young, CF AF Hornmark, ET Lyon, SA Poindexter, EH Young, CF TI New features of electrically detected magnetic resonance in silicon p-n diodes SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE point defects; impurities in semiconductors; electron paramagnetic resonance ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SPIN-DEPENDENT RECOMBINATION; PLATINUM PAIR COMPLEX; SI; JUNCTIONS AB Electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR), due to spin-dependent recombination (SDR), in commercial silicon p-n diodes is re-examined. New features were noted in our samples. The main signal, formerly seen as a single line and attributed to Pt dopant, occurred as three similar lines with g(//) = 2.028, 2.046, 2.073, and g(perpendicular to) = 1.969. EDMR centers aligned in only one direction were seen: with g(//) along the diode axis, which is also a Si[111] bond direction. This restricted directionality may be seen in previous studies, but has passed unremarked. Though no favored explanations can be offered, these new complexities strongly suggest that extant theories of EDMR are incomplete. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Poindexter, EH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2000 VL 116 IS 5 BP 279 EP 282 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(00)00317-3 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 361WU UT WOS:000089747900009 ER PT J AU Dmitriev, AP Kachorovskii, VY Shur, MS Stroscio, M AF Dmitriev, AP Kachorovskii, VY Shur, MS Stroscio, M TI Electron runaway and negative differential mobility in two-dimensional electron gas in elementary semiconductors SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE semiconductors; electron-phonon interactions; electronic transport ID QUANTIZATION CONDITIONS; HOT-ELECTRONS AB We show that two-dimensional electron gas in silicon or germanium should exhibit a negative differential mobility. This effect is caused by the electron runaway since, in contrast to the three-dimensional case, such runaway takes place even for deformation optical polar scattering. As a consequence of the electron runaway, hot electron scatter into the valleys with a larger density of states, which leads to a negative differential mobility. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, CIEEM, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, ECSE, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Dmitriev, AP (reprint author), AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, Politekhnicheskaya 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Shur, Michael/A-4374-2016 OI Shur, Michael/0000-0003-0976-6232 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2000 VL 113 IS 10 BP 565 EP 568 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(99)00534-7 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 283KU UT WOS:000085275400005 ER PT S AU Derby, JJ Ponde, N de Almeida, VF Yeckel, A AF Derby, JJ Ponde, N de Almeida, VF Yeckel, A BE Roosz, A Rettenmayr, M Watring, D TI Modeling segregation and convection during the growth of ternary alloys under terrestrial and microgravity conditions SO SOLIDIFICATION AND GRAVITY 2000 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Solidification and Gravity (SG 99) CY APR 25-29, 1999 CL MISKOLC LILLAFURED, HUNGARY SP Univ Miskolc, Fac Met, Phys Met Dept, Darmstadt Univ Technol, Mat Sci Inst, NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Hungarian Acad Sci, Miskolc Comm, Hungarian Astronaut Soc, Hungarian Space Off, ASM Hungarian Chapter DE directional solidification; crystal growth; ternary alloys; multicomponent segregation; G-jitter; mathematical modeling; numerical methods; high performance computing ID CADMIUM ZINC TELLURIDE; VERTICAL BRIDGMAN GROWTH; G-JITTER; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; SHELF GROWTH; HGCDTE; ACCELERATIONS; DYNAMICS; STEADY; HEAT C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Derby, JJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI Derby, Jeffrey/B-9706-2009; de Almeida, Valmor/P-5498-2016; OI de Almeida, Valmor/0000-0003-0899-695X; Derby, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6418-2155 NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-852-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 329-3 BP 93 EP 98 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ57Z UT WOS:000088851000014 ER PT J AU Malik, AK Taylor, AJ AF Malik, AK Taylor, AJ TI Can warfarin randomized trials be reproduced in 'real life'? Adherence to warfarin guidelines for intensity of anticoagulation in a university-based warfarin clinic SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION; RISK-FACTORS; THERAPY; COMPLICATIONS; PREVENTION AB Background. Subjects in clinical trials may benefit from the increased attention and specific focus of the trial, thereby limiting the external validity of clinical trial results to clinical practice. Our study evaluated adherence to guidelines for intensity of anticoagulation in a large, university-based warfarin clinic to assess the generalizability of randomized clinical trials of warfarin efficacy to clinical practice. Methods, We reviewed anticoagulation clinic records of 480 patients observed for up to 2 years to determine the amount of time anticoagulation was within the recommended therapeutic range. Results. The most common indication for warfarin use was atrial arrhythmia (51.5%). Overall, anticoagulation was within the intended international normalized ratio (INR) target range on 57.8% of treatment days. Nontherapeutic treatment days were due more commonly to subtherapeutic INR values (27.6 +/- 25.7%) than supratherapeutic INR values (14.9 +/- 17.0%). This pattern was seen across all warfarin indications. Conclusion. These data are comparable to those reported from large randomized trials and thus support the generalizability of clinical trials of long-term warfarin anticoagulation to clinical practice. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Taylor, AJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Dept Med, Bldg 2,Room 4A, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 93 IS 1 BP 58 EP 61 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 275XM UT WOS:000084845500010 PM 10653067 ER PT B AU Trial, M AF Trial, M BE Johnson, SW Chua, KM Galloway, R Richter, P TI Some effects of declining US university civil engineering enrollments on the space enterprise SO SPACE 2000, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference and Exposition on Engineering, Construction, Operations, and Business in Space CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Aerosp Div, Amer Astronaut Soc, NASA, SandiA Natl Labs, Natl Space Soc, Int Assoc Automat & Robot Construct, Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Space Daily, Spacenews Com, Bechtel Grp, Fluor Global Serv AB In the near future the demand for space-related civil engineering skills will increase as the focus of the international space enterprise shifts to include larger orbital structures, asteroidal, lunar and martian surface structures. Specialized engineering skills will be required to design, test, manufacture, construct, operate and maintain this growing orbital and extraterrestrial infrastructure. For the last twenty years the number of civil engineering graduates produced by United States universities has been steadily declining despite the growing international inventory of terrestrial civil engineered infrastructure. The growing disparity between world demand and American supply will change the shape of the space enterprise significantly in the next twenty years. C1 Corps Engineers, Kansas City Dist, Project Management, Kansas City, MO 64106 USA. RP Trial, M (reprint author), Corps Engineers, Kansas City Dist, Project Management, 601 E 12th St,Room 700, Kansas City, MO 64106 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0479-8 PY 2000 BP 308 EP 311 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BQ36D UT WOS:000088122100035 ER PT S AU Yeckel, A de Almeida, VF Derby, JJ AF Yeckel, A de Almeida, VF Derby, JJ BE ElGenk, MS TI Theoretical analysis of 3D, transient convection and segregation in microgravity Bridgman crystal growth SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2000) CY JAN 30-FEB 03, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin Corp, NASA, US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Los Almos Natl Lab, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Div Heat Transfer & Energy Convers, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl Sect, Amer inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Local Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Div Nucl Engn, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Div Heat Transfer, Inst Elect & Electr Engineers Inc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Int Astronaut Federat, NASA, Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, New Mexico Space grant Consortium ID G-JITTER; ACCELERATIONS AB We present results from simulations of transient acceleration (g-jitter) in both axial and transverse directions in a simplified prototype of a vertical Bridgman crystal growth system. We also present results on the effects of applying a steady magnetic held in axial or transverse directions to damp the flow. In most cases application of a magnetic field suppresses flow oscillations, but for transverse jitter at intermediate frequencies, flow oscillations grow larger. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Yeckel, A (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI de Almeida, Valmor/P-5498-2016 OI de Almeida, Valmor/0000-0003-0899-695X NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-919-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 504 BP 884 EP 889 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP88C UT WOS:000086475500148 ER PT S AU Gurney, J Klipple, E AF Gurney, J Klipple, E BE Nuallain, SO TI The composition of conceptual structure for spatial motion imperatives SO SPATIAL COGNITION: FOUNDATIONS AND APPLICATIONS SE ADVANCES IN CONSCIOUSNESS RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive-Science-Society-of-Ireland CY AUG 17-19, 1998 CL DUBLIN CITY UNIV, DUBLIN, IRELAND SP Cognit Sci Soc Ireland, Nous Res HO DUBLIN CITY UNIV C1 Army Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN BENJAMINS B V PUBL PI AMSTERDAM ME PA PO BOX 36224, 1020 AMSTERDAM ME, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-589X BN 90-272-5146-0 J9 ADV CONSC RES PY 2000 VL 26 BP 267 EP 283 PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA BS67C UT WOS:000170799800018 ER PT S AU Champagne, VK AF Champagne, VK BE Toor, PM TI Failure analysis of high strength steel army tank recoil mechanism bolts SO STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY OF FASTENERS, VOL 2 SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Structural Integrity of Fasteners CY MAY 19, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat DE failure analysis; fractography; quench cracks; AISI 8740 steel AB A failure analysis of two broken bolts from an Army rank recoil mechanism was performed by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), Weapons and Materials Research Directorate. The bolts failed at the head-to-shank radius during installation at Aniston Army Depot. A total of 69 additional bolts from inventory and the field were also characterized and tested for comparison. Optical and electron microscopy of the broken bolts showed topographies and black oxide on the fracture surface consistent with the characteristics of quench cracks. The crack origin was located within a region covered with a heavy black oxide where fracture occurred as a result of intergranular decohesion. Heat treatment tests of the material confirmed the black oxide to be formed during the tempering operation of similar to 677 degrees C. The remaining fracture surface failed in a ductile fashion. The cause of failure was attributed to preexisting quench cracks which should have been detected by the required 100% magnetic particle inspection conducted during manufacturing. These cracks propagated during installation, causing the bolt heads to sever. Recommendations were provided to screen inventory to prevent cracked parts from entering fielded tanks and improve control of manufacturing and inspection procedures. These included machining the head-to-shank radii to specification, tighter control of the magnetic particle inspection process, the use of dull cadmium plate to mitigate the potential for delayed failures due to hydrogen embrittlement or stress corrosion cracking, an alternative to electrolytic cadmium plate (such as vacuum deposition), and finally, replacing all existing bolts in the field and in inventory with new or reinspected bolts. C1 USA, Mat Anal Grp, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Champagne, VK (reprint author), USA, Mat Anal Grp, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2863-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1391 BP 48 EP 62 DI 10.1520/STP13524S PG 15 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BQ72A UT WOS:000089259700004 ER PT S AU Rajendran, AM AF Rajendran, AM BE Jones, N Brebbia, CA TI Modeling shock and projectile penetration response of ceramics SO STRUCTURES UNDER SHOCK AND IMPACT VI SE STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Structures Under Shock and Impact (SUSI VI) CY JUL, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Wessex Inst Technol AB This paper presents the salient features of a spall/microcracking based ceramic damage model and its capabilities in predicting the response of alumina under shock and impact, and projectile penetration. Initially, values for the model parameters were determined using data from planar plate impact (shock) experiments at velocities below and above the Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL). The model's predictive capabilities were examined for penetration of a tungsten rod and a bullet into layered targets. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Rajendran, AM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1462-6055 BN 1-85312-820-1 J9 STRUCT MAT PY 2000 VL 8 BP 215 EP 222 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA BR26M UT WOS:000165967700021 ER PT S AU O'Daniel, J Krauthammer, T Koudela, K Strait, L AF O'Daniel, J Krauthammer, T Koudela, K Strait, L BE Jones, N Brebbia, CA TI Numerical simulations and precision impact testing for the development of an UNDEX response validation methodology SO STRUCTURES UNDER SHOCK AND IMPACT VI SE STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Structures Under Shock and Impact (SUSI VI) CY JUL, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Wessex Inst Technol AB The assessment of the response of naval vessels to underwater shock creates a need for tools that can analyze and design such systems to withstand underwater explosions (UNDEX). The short-duration dynamic response of simplified structural components to an UNDEX loading was investigated. A methodology has been developed by which the response of a simplified structural component to UNDEX can be validated through the use of precision impact testing and numerical simulations. An iterative process was used where an UNDEX response, determined through previous results, preliminary UNDEX simulations, and impact simulations, leads to the parameters necessary for a precision impact test that generates an equivalent response. Precision impact tests were performed, and the results correlated with the impact simulated data. The results from an UNDEX test were compared with the predictions from the validated numerical code. The simplifications to the structural component included these tests and simulations performed with a rectangular flat panel. The numerical simulations were three-dimensional, solved explicitly, and included either the impact loading environment - a hybrid impactor with an initial velocity - or the UNDEX loading environment a plane shock wave applied to the surface of the target structure. Since only the short-duration response was of concern, later time effects, such as gas bubble effects, were ignored. Although the methodology was developed to use multiple iterations, the scope of the study only included one set of precision-impact tests on each type of material, one UNDEX test against the aluminum panel, and two UNDEX tests against the composite panel. Once the methodology using precision shock testing and numerical simulations to validate the UNDEX response had been developed, it was applied to a "design-for-shock" procedure. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP O'Daniel, J (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1462-6055 BN 1-85312-820-1 J9 STRUCT MAT PY 2000 VL 8 BP 299 EP 308 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA BR26M UT WOS:000165967700028 ER PT S AU Papados, PP AF Papados, PP BE Jones, N Brebbia, CA TI A reinforced concrete structure under impact: response to high rate loads SO STRUCTURES UNDER SHOCK AND IMPACT VI SE STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Structures Under Shock and Impact (SUSI VI) CY JUL, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Wessex Inst Technol AB In recent years, responses of reinforced concrete (RC) structures subjected to loading from high-energy (HE) sources in their vicinity have been reported in the literature. Moreover, intensified terrorist activities have rekindled an interest in studying the response of these structures subjected to loads from both airblast and fragments. Numerical approaches for simulating structural response due to airblast loads have been addressed by many authors. Limited literature discussing numerical simulations of structural response due to fragment loads is available. Approaches simulating the response of RC structures subjected to multiple fragment impact are addressed in this study. A number of finite-element analyses using scalable hardware and software was carried out. The fragments are modeled both explicitly (actual geometric representation) and implicitly, using an "equivalent" loading function. Rate effects are incorporated in the constitutive models used for these analyses. Their importance is addressed in the discussion that follows. This paper discusses comparison of numerical simulation results with the experiments. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Papados, PP (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1462-6055 BN 1-85312-820-1 J9 STRUCT MAT PY 2000 VL 8 BP 501 EP 510 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA BR26M UT WOS:000165967700047 ER PT S AU Gazonas, GA AF Gazonas, GA BE Jones, N Brebbia, CA TI Implementation of a finite strain plasticity model for Nylon 6/6 into DYNA3D SO STRUCTURES UNDER SHOCK AND IMPACT VI SE STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Structures Under Shock and Impact (SUSI VI) CY JUL, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Wessex Inst Technol ID DEFORMATION AB A fully three-dimensional rate and temperature dependent finite strain plasticity model for semicrystalline nylon 6/6, originally developed for finite inelastic deformation in metals [2],[4], has been implemented in the explicit, Lagrangian finite element code DYNA3D [16]. The model has been previously implemented into the implicit code NIKE2D [10] for comparing the engagement process of nylon obturators relative to that of copper obturators [14]. The DYNA3D material driver was used to verify model implementation for constant strain rate input histories by comparing true stress versus true strain results with predictions from Bammann's closed-form model and NIKE2D implicit finite element results. The material model is being used for modeling the interaction and erosion of the nylon 6/6 obturator band against a smoothbore gun tube during launch in 120-mm tank rounds. The adaptive slideline feature also permits modeling complex impact and penetration phenomena by calibrating the Lagrangian element erosion strains against carefully controlled penetration experiments into nylon 6/6 plates. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Gazonas, GA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. OI Gazonas, George/0000-0002-2715-016X NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1462-6055 BN 1-85312-820-1 J9 STRUCT MAT PY 2000 VL 8 BP 523 EP 535 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA BR26M UT WOS:000165967700049 ER PT S AU Asch, T Koponen, J Verkade, R AF Asch, T Koponen, J Verkade, R BE Nguyen, C TI An ordnance detection and discrimination study at former Fort Ord, CA SO SUBSURFACE SENSING TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Subsurface Sensing Technologies and Applications CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE geophysical; instrumentation; detection; discrimination; OE AB A phased geophysical study of ordnance detection and discrimination (ODDS) specific to the Fort Ord, California environment is currently underway. The purposes of this study are to evaluate existing state-of-the-art OE detection instruments and systems and the ability of these devices to discriminate potential OE items from OE scrap and non-OF scrap in the specific OE, geologic, and cultural environments in and around Fort Ord. Criteria used to select ODDS instrumentation are proven success at Government OE test sites or in OE removal actions, digital data acquisition capability, ease of deployment and cost effectiveness, and system sensitivity, accuracy, and resolution. The systems selected are the Geonics EM61, EM61 Hand Held, Geometrics G-858, Schonstedt GA-52/Cx and GA-72/Cv, Geophex GEM-3, and the BlackHawk Geometrics MTADS. The analog, non-digital instruments are included in the ODDS as part of an evaluation of past work at Fort Ord. The three phases of the ODDS include I) "Static" measurements in free air given variable OE items, depths, and orientations; II) Measurements over "known" and "unknown" seeded test plots containing Fort Ord OE items; and III) Five field trials on actual OE sites that are representative of the conditions at Fort Ord. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Marina, CA 93933 USA. RP Asch, T (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 2850 5th Ave, Marina, CA 93933 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3774-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4129 BP 141 EP 151 DI 10.1117/12.390610 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BR51N UT WOS:000166690700015 ER PT S AU Shaw, RW Dahmen, N AF Shaw, RW Dahmen, N BE Kiran, E Debenedetti, PG Peters, CJ TI Destruction of toxic organic materials using supercritical water oxidation: Current state of the technology SO SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES E, APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Supercritical Fluids CY JUL 12-24, 1998 CL KEMER, TURKEY SP NATO C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Shaw, RW (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM shaw@aro-emh1.army.mil; nicolaus.dahmen@itc-cpv.fzk.de NR 31 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-132X BN 0-7923-6235-7 J9 NATO ADV SCI I E-APP PY 2000 VL 366 BP 425 EP 437 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA BR46S UT WOS:000166546300017 ER PT B AU Demaree, JD Kosik, WE Clayton, CR Halada, GP AF Demaree, JD Kosik, WE Clayton, CR Halada, GP BE Seal, S Dahotre, NB Moore, JJ Mishra, B TI Effects of nitrogen on the electrochemical passivation of metal nitride coatings produced by ion beam assisted deposition SO SURFACE ENGINEERING: IN MATERIALS SCIENCE I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Surface Engineering in Materials Science I held at the 2000 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Surface Modificat & Coatings Technol Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Proc & Mfg Div ID HOLLOW-CATHODE DISCHARGE; STAINLESS-STEELS; FILMS; CHROMIUM; TITANIUM AB Hard nitride coatings produced by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) are candidates to replace electroplated chromium (EHC) in a number of tribological applications, but the differences in the corrosion behavior of EHC and IBAD nitrides have not been fully characterized. In this study, coatings of Cr-N have been synthesized with IBAD, using 1000 eV nitrogen ions and e-beam vapor deposition. The chemical composition of the coatings were examined using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), the aqueous corrosion behavior of the alloys was studied by electrochemical techniques, and the chemistry of the passive oxide was examined using angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Passive films formed on Cr-N coatings in 0.1 M HCl contain large amounts of nitrogen as ammonium ion (NH4+). Ammonium ion was also found in passive films formed on pure Cr coatings, presumably from nitrogen gas dissolved in the electrolyte for deaeration. Passive films on nitrogen-containing coatings were found to be much thinner and more strongly bipolar than those formed on pure Cr, leading to a much more noble corrosion potential. Chromate production is enhanced by the presence of nitrogen, possibly by an acid-buffering effect of the ammonium ion. These chromate oxyanions may be responsible for the enhanced bipolarity of the passive film noted above, and may act as an electrostatic barrier to chloride or hydroxyl ingress. They may provide some protection against pinhole corrosion by replating onto an actively dissolving surface as an insoluble chromate salt. C1 USA, Ballist Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Demaree, JD (reprint author), USA, Ballist Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-471-2 PY 2000 BP 335 EP 345 PG 11 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BQ43C UT WOS:000088356800031 ER PT J AU Ender, MG AF Ender, MG TI US Army generals and the rhetoric of modesty: A commentary SO SYMBOLIC INTERACTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Ender, MG (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0195-6086 J9 SYMB INTERACT JI Symb. Interact. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 2 BP 207 EP 210 DI 10.1525/si.2000.23.2.207 PG 4 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA 327QF UT WOS:000087803700006 ER PT J AU Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Rossman, DI Berg, FJ Wagner, GW Durst, HD AF Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Rossman, DI Berg, FJ Wagner, GW Durst, HD TI Trifluoromethylsulfenylation of masked carbonyl compounds SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID STEREOCHEMICAL ASPECTS; GRIGNARD-REAGENTS; ENAMINES AB Incorporation of fluorine and fluorine containing groups such as trifluoromethyl and trifluoromethylthio moieties considerably enhances the biopharmacological properties of the parent precursors. Trifluoromethylsulfenylation of masked carbonyl functions, such as the enamines using N-(trifluoromethylthio)phthalimide is described in this communication. C1 Geoctr Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Munavalli, S (reprint author), Geoctr Inc, Gunpowder Branch, POB 68, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 27 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2000 VL 30 IS 16 BP 2847 EP 2854 DI 10.1080/00397910008087435 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 336UZ UT WOS:000088322500002 ER PT S AU Watkins, WR CuQlock-Knopp, VG Jordan, JB Marinos, AJ Phillips, MD Merritt, JO AF Watkins, WR CuQlock-Knopp, VG Jordan, JB Marinos, AJ Phillips, MD Merritt, JO BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Sensor fusion: a pre-attentive vision approach SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS VI: CHARACTERIZATION, VISUALIZATION, AND THE DETECTION PROCESS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds VI: Characterization, Visualization, and the Detection Process CY APR 24-26, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sensor fusion; pre-attentive human vision; wide baseline stereo; search; target acquisition ID NIGHT-VISION AB Because different imaging sensors provide different signature cues to distinguish targets from backgrounds there has been a substantial amount of effort put into how to merge the information from different sensors. Unfortunately, when the imagery from two different sensors is combined the noise from each sensor is also combined in the resultant image. Additionally, attempts to enhance the target distinctness fi om the background also enhance the distinctness of false targets and clutter. Even so there has been some progress in trying to mimic the human vision capability by color contrast enhancement. But what has not been tried is to mimic how the human vision system inherently does sensor fusion of our color cone sensors. Fire do our sensor fusion in the pre-attentive phase of human vision. This requires the use of binocular stereo vision because we do have two eyes. In human vision the images fi-om each eye are split in half, and the halves are sent to opposite sides of the brain for massively parallelprocessing. We don't know exactly how this process works, but the result is a visualization of the world that is 3D in nature. This process automatically combines the color, texture, and size and shape of the objects that make up the two images that our eyes produce. It significantly reduces noise and clutter in our visualization of the world, in this pre-attentive phase of human vision that takes just an instant to accomplish, our human vision process has performed an extremely efficient fusion of cone imagery. This sensor fusion process has produced a scene where depth perception and surface contour cues are used to orient and distinguish objects in the scene before us. It is at this stage that we begin to attentively sort through the scene for objects or targets of interest. In many cases, however, the targets of interest have already been located because of their depth or surface contour cues. Camouflaged targets that blend perfectly into complex backgrounds may be made to pop out because of their depth cues. In this paper we will describe a new method termed RGB stereo sensor fusion that uses color coding of the separate pairs of sensor images fused to produce wide baseline stereo images that are displayed to observers for search and target acquisition. Performance enhancements for the technique are given as well as rationale for optimum color code selection. One important finding was that different colors (RGB) and different spatial frequencies are fused with different efficiencies by the binocular vision system. C1 USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. RP Watkins, WR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3655-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4029 BP 59 EP 67 DI 10.1117/12.392556 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR65Y UT WOS:000167102500007 ER PT S AU Sutherland, RA Thompson, JC Klett, JD AF Sutherland, RA Thompson, JC Klett, JD BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Effects of multiple scattering and thermal emission on target-background signatures sensed through obscuring atmospheres SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS VI: CHARACTERIZATION, VISUALIZATION, AND THE DETECTION PROCESS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds VI: Characterization, Visualization, and the Detection Process CY APR 24-26, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE emissivity; multiple scattering; thermal emission; atmospheric obscurants; aerosols; smoke; clouds; signature propagation; remote sensing AB We report on the application of a recently developed method for producing exact solutions of the thermal version of the radiative transfer equation(1). The method is demonstrated to be accurate to within five significant figures when compared with the one dimensional plane layer solutions published by van de Hulst(2); and has the added capability for treating discrete, localized, aerosol clouds of spherical and cylindrical symmetry. The method, described in detail in a companion paper(1), is only briefly summarized here, where our main purpose is to demonstrate the utility of the method for calculating emissivity functions of finite aerosol clouds of arbitrary optical thickness and albedo, and most likely to occur on the modern "cluttered" battlefield. The emissivity functions are then used to determine apparent temperatures including effects of both internal thermal emission and in-scatter from the ambient surroundings. We apply the results to four generic scenarios including the mid and far IR and a hypothetical "full spectrum" band In all cases, calculations show that errors on the order of several degrees in the sensed temperature can occur if cloud emissivity is not accounted for; with errors being most pronounced at the higher values of optical depth and albedo. We also demonstrate that significant discrepancies can occur when comparing results from different spectral bands, especially for the mid IR which consistently shows higher apparent temperatures than the other bands, including the full spectrum case. Results of emissivity calculations show that in almost no case can one justify the simple Beer's Law model that essentially ignores emissive/scattering effects; however, there is reason for optimism in the use of other simplyfing first and higher order approximations used in some contemporary models. The present version of the model treats only Gaussian aerosol distributions and isotropic scattering; although neither assumption necessarily represents a restriction on the method. C1 USA, Res Lab, Survivabil Lethal Anal Directorate, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. RP Sutherland, RA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Survivabil Lethal Anal Directorate, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3655-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4029 BP 300 EP 309 DI 10.1117/12.392539 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR65Y UT WOS:000167102500032 ER PT S AU Baskin, SI Barnhouse, TL Filipiak, KT Bloom, JC Novak, MJ AF Baskin, SI Barnhouse, TL Filipiak, KT Bloom, JC Novak, MJ BE DellaCorte, L Huxtable, RJ Sgaragli, G Tipton, KF TI Effects of taurine and thiosulfate on the spectrophotometric properties of RNA and DNA SO TAURINE 4: TAURINE AND EXCITABLE TISSUES SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Taurine Symposium CY AUG 03-08, 1999 CL SIENA, ITALY ID SULFUR; CELLS C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Baskin, SI (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC / PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-46447-0 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2000 VL 483 BP 117 EP 126 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA BR70D UT WOS:000167212600011 PM 11787588 ER PT B AU Armstrong, AY Westbrook, J Utley, DR Farrington, PA AF Armstrong, AY Westbrook, J Utley, DR Farrington, PA GP ASEM ASEM TI Organizational affects on the near term technology infusion process SO TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT: KEY TO ENTERPRISE SUCCESS IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st National Conference of the American-Society-for-Engineering-Management CY OCT 04-07, 2000 CL GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV, WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Soc Engn Management HO GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Aviat & Missile Res & Dev Ctr, Ind Operat Div, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING MANAGEMT PI ROLLA PA 310 HARRIS HALL, UMR, ROLLA, MO 65401 USA PY 2000 BP 283 EP 292 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA BY20J UT WOS:000188242100035 ER PT S AU Buford, JA Jolly, AC Mobley, SB Sholes, WJ AF Buford, JA Jolly, AC Mobley, SB Sholes, WJ BE Murrer, RL TI Advancements in hardware-in-the-loop simulations at the US Army Aviation and Missile Command SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing CY APR 24-26, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB A greater awareness of and increased interest in the use of modeling and simulation (M&S) has been demonstrated at many levels within the Department of Defense (DoD) and all the Armed Services agencies in recent years. M&S application is regarded as a viable means of lowering the life cycle costs of missile defense and tactical missile weapon system acquisition beginning with studies of new concepts of war-fighting through user training and post-deployment support. The Aviation and Missile Research, Engineering, and Development Center (AMRDEC) of the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) has an extensive history of applying all types of M&S to weapon system development and has been a particularly strong advocate of hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulation and test for many years. Over the past 40 years AMRDEC has developed and maintained the Advanced Simulation Center (ASC) which provides world-class, high fidelity, specific and dedicated HWIL simulation and test capabilities for the Army's missile defense and tactical missile program offices in both the infrared and radio frequency sensor domains. The ASC facility uses M&S to conduct daily HWIL missile simulations and tests to support flight tests, missile/system development, independent verification and validation of weapon system embedded software and simulations, and missile/system performance against current and future threat environments. This paper describes the ASC role, recaps the past year, describes the HWIL components and advancements, and outlines the path-ahead for the ASC in terms of both missile and complete system HWIL simulations and test with a focus on the imaging infrared systems. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Syst Simulat & Dev Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35809 USA. RP Buford, JA (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Syst Simulat & Dev Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35809 USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3653-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4027 BP 2 EP 10 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BR51H UT WOS:000166690200001 ER PT S AU Mobley, SB Gareri, J AF Mobley, SB Gareri, J BE Murrer, RL TI Hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HWIL) facility for development, test, and evaluation of multispectral missile systems - Update SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing CY APR 24-26, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE hardware-in-the-loop; simulations; dichroic; infrared; millimeter wave; dual-mode; common-aperture; seekers; real-time ID SCENE GENERATION; IMAGE PROJECTION; SIGNAL INJECTION; COMMAND AB The U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) Advanced Simulation Center (ASC) provides hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulation support to Program Executive Officers (PEO) and Project Managers (PM) who are responsible for developing and fielding precision guided missiles and sub-munitions for the U.S. Army. The ASC is also engaged in cooperative HWIL simulation tasks supporting other Armed Service Agencies, NATO and other U.S. allies. HWIL simulation provides a means of exercising missile guidance and control hardware in simulated flight, wherein the missile sensors are stimulated with input signals which make the system behave as though it were in actual operation. Real-time computers are used to control the target and countermeasure signatures and battlefield scenarios. Missile flight dynamics, responding to the commands issued by the guidance and control system hardware/software, are simulated in real-time to determine the missile trajectory and to calculate target intercept conditions. The ASC consists of 10 HWIL simulation facilities developed over a period of 20 years. These facilities contain special purpose infrared and RF signal generation equipment, flight motion simulators, radiation chambers, optics, and computers. They provide in-band target signatures, countermeasures, and background scenarios in the microwave, millimeter wave, infrared and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The ASC HWIL simulation facilities are an important source of test and evaluation data and have a critical role in all phases of a missile system life cycle. The development of a new generation of missile systems that use multi-spectral seekers has imposed unique and difficult requirements on ASC HWIL simulation facilities. For the past three years, the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) has been developing a HWIL simulation facility to test common aperture multi-spectral missile seekers. This paper discusses the problems encountered during the development of this facility, the solutions, and the resulting capability of this unique HWIL simulation facility. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM, RD,SS,HW, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Mobley, SB (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM, RD,SS,HW, Bldg 5400, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3653-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4027 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1117/12.391688 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BR51H UT WOS:000166690200002 ER PT S AU Sholes, WJ Buford, JA AF Sholes, WJ Buford, JA BE Murrer, RL TI System description and applications of the Imaging Infrared Simulation System III at the US Army Aviation and Missile Command SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing CY APR 24-26, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE HWIL; simulation; real time; projection; scene generation AB A new imaging infrared hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulation laboratory has been added to the already rich set of HWIL assets at the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) for evaluation of weapons systems with infrared seekers. This paper provides a system description of the new laboratory, the Imaging Infrared Simulation System III (IIRSS3), and discusses the application of the facility to two different weapon systems. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Sholes, WJ (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3653-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4027 BP 22 EP 29 DI 10.1117/12.391696 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BR51H UT WOS:000166690200003 ER PT S AU Buford, JA Offutt, AM Reynolds, TM AF Buford, JA Offutt, AM Reynolds, TM BE Murrer, RL TI Development of a real-time sensor emulator system for hardware-in-the-loop testing. SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing CY APR 24-26, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ASIC; DVP; HWIL; NOA(2); VIA AB This paper describes the Sensor Emulator System developed at AMCOM using custom off the shelf image processing hardware combined with in-house designed interfaces to SGI Digital Video Port (DVP) input and output hardware. The system was designed to allow the emulation processing elements to be inserted in the image output path of the SGI computers currently being used in the Hardware-in-the-Loop (HWIL) facilities. This is accomplished by converting the SGI's DVP output to the emulator's input bus format, and after being processed, the output is converted back to DVP format. The images can then be input to in-house designed injector or projector interfaces. Sixteen bit images of 256x256 pixels, at frame rates of 800 Hz have been input, processed in parallel on 5 nodes, and output with this system The systems' processing elements are Matrox Genesis image processing boards. Each processing node consists of a Texas Instruments C80, a Matrox Neighborhood Operation Accelerator ASIC (NOA(2)) and a Matrox Video Interface ASIC (VIA). The NOA2 is a multiplier/accumulator (MAC) array capable of 32 simultaneous sum of products at 50 MHz. The VIA provides high-speed links between acquisition, processing and display devices by controlling multiple independent 32 bit wide busses. It controls the image acquisition and fan-out to the processing Nodes and output without adding overhead. The C80 provides the processing for sensor electronic functions such as gains, offsets, dead pixels, saturation, etc. This combination has the capability of processing large, high frame rate images in real time. C1 USA, AMCOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Buford, JA (reprint author), USA, AMCOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3653-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4027 BP 163 EP 170 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BR51H UT WOS:000166690200018 ER PT S AU Brown, WR Lastra, HM Vuong, F Brooks, G AF Brown, WR Lastra, HM Vuong, F Brooks, G BE Murrer, RL TI Trade-offs in designing a mobile infrared scene projector SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing CY APR 24-26, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE infrared scene projection; test and evaluation; forward looking infrared (FLIR); imaging infrared; installed systems testing AB Current test and evaluation methods are not adequate for fully assessing the operational performance of imaging infrared sensors while they are installed on the weapon system platform. The use of infrared (IR) scene projection in test and evaluation will augment and redefine test methodologies currently being used to test and evaluate forward looking infrared (FLIR) and imaging IR sensors. The Mobile Infrared Scene Projector (MIRSP) projects accurate, dynamic, and realistic IR imagery into the entrance aperture of the sensor, such that the sensor would perceive and respond to the imagery as it would to the real-world scenario. The MIRSP domain of application includes development, analysis, integration, exploitation, training, and test and evaluation of ground and aviation based imaging IR sensors/subsystems/systems. This applies to FLIP systems, imaging IR missile seekers/guidance sections, as well as non-imaging thermal sensors. The MIRSP Phase I, "pathfinder" has evolved from other scene projector systems, such as the Flight Motion Simulator Infrared Scene Projector (FIRSP) and the Dynamic Infrared Scene Projector (DIRSP). Both of these projector systems were designed for laboratory test and evaluation use rather than field test and evaluation use. This paper will detail the MIRSP design to include trade-off analysis performed at the system/subsystem levels. The MIRSP Phase II will provide the capability to test and evaluate various electro-optical sensors on a weapon platform. The MIRSP Phase I and II will be advancing current IR scene projector technologies by exploring other technologies such as mobility/transportability, packaging, sensors, and scene generation. C1 USA, Army Test & Evaluat Command, Dev Test Command, Redstone Tech Test Ctr,CSTE,DTC,RT,E,SA, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Lastra, HM (reprint author), USA, Army Test & Evaluat Command, Dev Test Command, Redstone Tech Test Ctr,CSTE,DTC,RT,E,SA, Bldg 4500, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3653-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4027 BP 377 EP 386 DI 10.1117/12.391706 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BR51H UT WOS:000166690200038 ER PT B AU Lewis, B Colbert, E Vestal, S AF Lewis, B Colbert, E Vestal, S BE Li, QY Firesmith, D Riehle, R Pour, G Meyer, B TI Developing evolvable, embedded, time-critical systems with MetaH SO TECHNOLOGY OF OBJECT-ORIENTED LANGUAGES AND SYSTEMS - TOOLS 34, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th International Conference on Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and Systems (TOOLS 34) CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2000 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Microsoft, CMP, Borders Bookstores, Software Council So Calif, PCAI Magazine, Interact Software Engn AB MetaH is an architectural design language, with a supporting toolset, for specifying, analyzing, and integrating computer control systems. Honeywell designed MetaH for the specification of real-time, fault-tolerant, securely partitioned dynamically reconfigurable multi-processor system architectures. Since MetaH was developed to meet the requirements of aircraft and missile avionics and flight control, it can be valuable in other embedded, rime-critical applications where a highly integrated, rapidly evolvable approach is needed, such as robotics. Developers use MetaH to specify the code modules that form the application, the execution behavior of the application, the target hardware and software environment, and the allocation of the application to the hardware. The specification is then analyzed for schedulability, reliability, and safety. The MetaH tools can generate the integrated code for the application components, an executive, and "architectural glue", all customized for the target hardware environment. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35809 USA. RP Lewis, B (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35809 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0775-1 PY 2000 BP 447 EP 455 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQ83F UT WOS:000089736600055 ER PT S AU Hill, JM Salinari, P AF Hill, JM Salinari, P BE Sebring, TA Andersen, T TI The Large Binocular Telescope project SO TELESCOPE STRUCTURES, ENCLOSURES, CONTROLS, ASSEMBLY/INTEGRATION/VALIDATION, AND COMMISSIONING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Telescope Structures, Enclosures, Controls, Assembly/Integration/Validation, and Commissioning CY MAR 27-31, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP SPIE, European SO Observ, DFM Engn Inc DE astronomical telescopes; interferometry; honeycomb mirrors ID HONEYCOMB MIRROR; INTERFEROMETRY AB The Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) Project is a collaboration between institutions in Arizona, Germany, Italy, and Ohio. The telescope will have two 8.4 meter diameter primary mirrors phased on a common mounting with a 22.8 meter baseline. The second of two borosilicate honeycomb primary mirrors for LET is being cast at the Steward Observatory Mirror Lab this year. The baseline optical configuration of LET includes adaptive infrared secondaries of a Gregorian design. The F/15 secondaries are undersized to provide a low thermal background focal plane which is unvignetted over a 4 arcminute diameter field-of-view. The interferometric focus combining the light from the two 8.4 meter primacies will reimage the two folded Gregorian focal planes to three central locations. The telescope elevation structure accommodates swing arm spiders which allow rapid interchange of the various secondary and tertiary mirrors as well as prime focus cameras. Maximum stiffness and minimal thermal disturbance were important drivers for the design of the telescope in order to provide the best possible images for interferometric observations. The telescope structure accommodates installation of a vacuum bell jar for aluminizing the primary mirrors in-situ on the telescope. The telescope structure is being fabricated in Italy by Ansaldo Energia S.p.A. in Milan. After pre-erection in the factory, the telescope will be shipped to Arizona in early 2001. The enclosure is being built on Mt. Graham under the auspices of Hart Construction Management Services of Safford, Arizona. The enclosure will be completed by late 2000 and ready for telescope installation. C1 Univ Arizona, LBT Project Off, USA, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Hill, JM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, LBT Project Off, USA, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 21 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3629-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4004 BP 36 EP 46 DI 10.1117/12.393947 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BQ70A UT WOS:000089218200004 ER PT S AU Slagle, JH Hill, JM Davison, WB Hart, W Teran, J AF Slagle, JH Hill, JM Davison, WB Hart, W Teran, J BE Sebring, TA Andersen, T TI Nearly completed large binocular telescope facility yields many lessons learned SO TELESCOPE STRUCTURES, ENCLOSURES, CONTROLS, ASSEMBLY/INTEGRATION/VALIDATION, AND COMMISSIONING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Telescope Structures, Enclosures, Controls, Assembly/Integration/Validation, and Commissioning CY MAR 27-31, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP SPIE, European SO Observ, DFM Engn Inc DE astronomical telescopes; telescope construction; telescope enclosures AB The use of a team approach by contractors, engineers and management to build the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) has been successful in maintaining quality construction at a reasonable price. No matter how efficient the team, the building of a 16-story building, with a totally unique design, and on just 1.2 acres of land at an elevation of 3191 meters does present formidable problems. This paper mill present the current status of the LET construction on Mt. Graham and how the team approach has continued to be successful in providing quality solutions on a timely basis while keeping the costs of construction to a minimum. The paper will discuss many issues that project managers must plan for when undertaking new and unique designs and what steps managers can take to avoid costly delays. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, LBT Project Off, USA, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Slagle, JH (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, LBT Project Off, USA, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3629-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4004 BP 446 EP 456 DI 10.1117/12.393899 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BQ70A UT WOS:000089218200045 ER PT J AU Fort, DJ Stover, EL Bantle, JA Finch, RA AF Fort, DJ Stover, EL Bantle, JA Finch, RA TI Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of thalidomide using Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (FETAX): Biotransformation and detoxification SO TERATOGENESIS CARCINOGENESIS AND MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE bioactivation; detoxification; limb development; reduction deficiencies ID METABOLIC-ACTIVATION SYSTEM; VALIDATION AB The developmental toxicity of thalidomide was evaluated using FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay - Xenopus). Young X. laevis embryos were exposed to this compound in each of two concentration-response experiments with and without differently induced exogenous metabolic activation systems (MASs) and/or inhibited MASs. Young male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with either isoniazid or Aroclor 1254 to induce cytochrome P-450. Several of the rats were subsequently treated with diethyl maleate (DM) to deplete glutathione reserves. Specific aliquots of rat liver microsomes were treated with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ) or alpha-napthoflavone (alpha-N) to selectively inhibit P-450 activity. Bioactivation wa's indicated by increased developmental toxicity observed in MAS tests. Results obtained indicated that thalidomide was predominantly activated by P-450 isozyne CYP2E1, although weak cross-specificity between CYP1A1/A2 may have existed. Detoxification pathways for thalidomide were investigated by treatment of the MAS with cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and DM to inhibit the epoxide hydrolase and glutathione conjugation pathways. respectively. Results indicated that epoxide hydrolase was primarily responsible for the detoxification of bioactivated thalidomide. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Lab Serv Div, Stover Grp, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res Provis, Frederick, MD USA. RP Fort, DJ (reprint author), Lab Serv Div, Stover Grp, 5302 W 6th St, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0270-3211 J9 TERATOGEN CARCIN MUT JI Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. PY 2000 VL 20 IS 1 BP 35 EP 47 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6866(2000)20:1<35::AID-TCM4>3.0.CO;2-I PG 13 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 270FV UT WOS:000084525500004 PM 10607376 ER PT J AU Bunker, RJ AF Bunker, Robert J. TI Weapons of Mass Disruption and Terrorism SO TERRORISM AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Article AB New perceptions of weaponry have developed in some counter-terrorism circles, based on the concept of Weapons of Mass Disruption which target bonds and relationships, rather than things, at the systemic level. These capabilities are derived, in many instances, from advanced (cyber) forms of weapons which could eventually be employed by terrorists against the United States. C1 Assoc US Army, Inst Land Warfare, Arlington, VA USA. RP Bunker, RJ (reprint author), Assoc US Army, Inst Land Warfare, Arlington, VA USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-6553 J9 TERROR POLIT VIOLENC JI Terror. Polit. Violence PY 2000 VL 12 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1080/09546550008427548 PG 10 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA V22TI UT WOS:000208297100003 ER PT B AU Knapp, DI Haines, PA D'Arcy, MS Kirby, SF AF Knapp, DI Haines, PA D'Arcy, MS Kirby, SF GP AMS AMS TI On-scene real time fire weather forecasting: A new capability SO THIRD SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology CY JAN 09-14, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USA, Res Lab, ARL, AMSRL IS EA, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. RP Knapp, DI (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, ARL, AMSRL IS EA, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 93 EP 96 PG 4 WC Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS01L UT WOS:000168322400025 ER PT B AU Cionco, RM AF Cionco, RM GP AMS AMS TI Airflow and diffusion modeling for forested and urbanized areas SO THIRD SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology CY JAN 09-14, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID RESOLUTION C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL IS E, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. RP Cionco, RM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL IS E, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 158 EP 165 PG 8 WC Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS01L UT WOS:000168322400041 ER PT S AU Rogers, CJ AF Rogers, CJ BE Gongora, T VonRiekhoff, H TI "Military revolutions" and "revolutions in military affairs": A historian's perspective SO TOWARD A REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS?: DEFENSE AND SECURITY AT THE DAWN OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY SE CONTRIBUTIONS IN MILITARY STUDIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Toward a Revolution in Military Affairs CY OCT 03-04, 1997 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Univ Laval, Inst Quebecois Hautes Etudes Int, Res Grp Int Secur, Royal Military Coll Canada, Carleton Univ, Secur Studies Program, Queens Univ, Secur Studies Program, Canadian Dept Natl Def C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GREENWOOD PRESS PI WESTPORT PA 88 POST RD WEST, P O BOX 5007, WESTPORT, CT 06881 USA SN 0883-6884 BN 0-313-31037-8 J9 CONTRIB MIL STUD PY 2000 IS 197 BP 21 EP 35 PG 15 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA BR45W UT WOS:000166473100002 ER PT S AU Kipp, JW AF Kipp, JW BE Gongora, T VonRiekhoff, H TI The labor of Sisyphus: Forecasting the revolution in military affairs during Russia's time of troubles SO TOWARD A REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS?: DEFENSE AND SECURITY AT THE DAWN OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY SE CONTRIBUTIONS IN MILITARY STUDIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Toward a Revolution in Military Affairs CY OCT 03-04, 1997 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Univ Laval, Inst Quebecois Hautes Etudes Int, Res Grp Int Secur, Royal Military Coll Canada, Carleton Univ, Secur Studies Program, Queens Univ, Secur Studies Program, Canadian Dept Natl Def C1 Foreign Mil Studies Off, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GREENWOOD PRESS PI WESTPORT PA 88 POST RD WEST, P O BOX 5007, WESTPORT, CT 06881 USA SN 0883-6884 BN 0-313-31037-8 J9 CONTRIB MIL STUD PY 2000 IS 197 BP 87 EP 104 PG 18 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA BR45W UT WOS:000166473100006 ER PT J AU Ogutu, BR Smoak, BL Nduati, RW Mbori-Ngacha, DA Mwathe, F Shanks, GD AF Ogutu, BR Smoak, BL Nduati, RW Mbori-Ngacha, DA Mwathe, F Shanks, GD TI The efficacy of pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (Fansidar (R)) in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Kenyan children SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; chemotherapy; pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine; children; Kenya ID CHLOROQUINE; DISTRICT C1 Univ Nairobi, Dept Paediat, Nairobi, Kenya. Clin Res Ctr, Kenya Med Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. USA, Med Res Unit, APO, AE 09831 USA. RP Ogutu, BR (reprint author), POB 43640, Nairobi, Kenya. RI Shanks, George Dennis/F-4056-2014 OI Shanks, George Dennis/0000-0001-5763-8660 NR 10 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 94 IS 1 BP 83 EP 84 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(00)90450-4 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 292ZH UT WOS:000085825800027 PM 10748907 ER PT S AU Webster, RD Bragdon, KM Richeson, L AF Webster, RD Bragdon, KM Richeson, L BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI Process improvement: A new focus for NEPA programs in the department of defense SO TRANSCATIONS OF THE SIXTY FIFTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 65th North American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference CY MAR 24-28, 2000 CL ROSEMONT, IL C1 USA, Environm Policy Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Webster, RD (reprint author), USA, Environm Policy Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2000 BP 439 EP 452 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR17U UT WOS:000165806300036 ER PT S AU Roemer, E AF Roemer, E BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI Is there integration of natural and cultural resources in the NEPA process? SO TRANSCATIONS OF THE SIXTY FIFTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 65th North American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference CY MAR 24-28, 2000 CL ROSEMONT, IL C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Memphis, TN USA. RP Roemer, E (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Memphis, TN USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2000 BP 476 EP 488 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR17U UT WOS:000165806300039 ER PT J AU Hess, JR Schmidt, PJ AF Hess, JR Schmidt, PJ TI The first blood banker: Oswald Hope Robertson SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Review C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Florida Blood Serv, Transfus Med Acad Ctr, Tampa, FL USA. RP Hess, JR (reprint author), 5606 Oak Pl, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JAN PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 110 EP 113 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40010110.x PG 4 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 274ZE UT WOS:000084794300019 PM 10644820 ER PT S AU Putman, SH Ahmad, HZZ Choi, KM McCarthy, WP Yan, YM AF Putman, SH Ahmad, HZZ Choi, KM McCarthy, WP Yan, YM GP TRB TRB TRB TRB TI Integrated transportation and land use policy analysis for Sacramento, California SO TRANSPORTATION LAND USE AND SMART GROWTH: PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB Several transportation policy scenarios being discussed in the Sacramento, California, region were examined in detail by using an integrated set of transportation and land use models. The scenarios examined included a light-rail transit system, high-occupancy-vehicle lanes, and a highway beltway. These scenarios were compared with a baseline forecast that included built and committed transportation facilities out to the year 2020. The model systems used were the METROPILUS land use modeling system and the MINUTP transportation modeling package currently in use by the Sacramento Area Council of Governments. The model packages were linked in such a way as to allow an equilibrium adjustment process to be calculated within each of the 5-year time periods between the 1990 base year and the 2020 forecast horizon. The results of these analyses show small but significant differences in the outcomes of the several scenarios examined. Overall the results are consistent with expectations and illustrate the robust applicability of the method of approach, while at the same time raising some interesting questions as to exactly what issues might be encountered if any attempt were made to implement these scenarios in the region. C1 Univ Penn, Dept City & Reg Planning, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Prime Ministers Dept, Fed Terr Dev & Klang Valley Planning Div, Putrajaya, Malaysia. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Off Surg Gen, USA Hlth Facil Planning Agcy, Hlth Facil Project Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Putman, SH (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept City & Reg Planning, Myerson Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06726-X J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2000 IS 1722 BP 38 EP 47 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BU58R UT WOS:000176426200005 ER PT S AU Sissom, JD Compton, A Lichy, DE AF Sissom, JD Compton, A Lichy, DE GP TRB TRB TRB TI The operations and maintenance business information link - Information technology for performance measurement SO TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT AND EDUCATION: PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers water resources management programs have undergone changes during the past two decades, including a shift in emphasis from the construction of new projects to the operation and maintenance (O&M) of existing projects. Consequently, expenditures for new construction have fallen while the O&M of existing projects has claimed an increasing share of the total agency budget. Given the current outlook of declining fiscal resources, Corps managers have recognized a need to evaluate the way the organization is doing business. The Corps O&M program appropriated approximately $1.7 billion for fiscal year 1999 to support an inventory of more than 4,000 projects. The program is managed through 8 division and 38 district offices across the nation. The Operations and Maintenance Business Information Link (OMBIL) integrates national program performance measurement, starting with criteria gathered at the lowest level, the local water resource project. The overall impact on the O&M program is twofold: Frontline employees contribute directly to corporate performance measurement, ensuring a national effort to achieve corporate goals and objectives, and the management hierarchy is able to support users at all levels through this outcome-oriented process. The result is a modified business methodology that enables more efficient and effective decision making. C1 Planning & Management Consultants Ltd, Carbondale, IL 62903 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Water Resources Support Ctr, Navigat Data Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Sissom, JD (reprint author), Planning & Management Consultants Ltd, 6352 S Highway 51,POB 1316, Carbondale, IL 62903 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06733-2 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2000 IS 1729 BP 57 EP 62 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BU59P UT WOS:000176464600008 ER PT S AU Lacombe, J Peck, L AF Lacombe, J Peck, L BE Carapezza, EM Hintz, TM TI Modeling surface temperatures of human targets for unattended infrared intrusion detection SO UNATTENDED GROUND SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications II CY APR 26, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) is currently developing a human Intruder Thermal Model (ITM) for predicting the average surface temperature of an intruder. ITM provides steady-state predictions of average surface temperature. It accounts for metabolically generated heat and heat exchange with the environment via conduction, convection, perspiration and respiration. It also accounts for long and short-wave radiation exchanges with the environment, the short-wave component being extremely important to daytime surface temperature predictions. Clothing thermal properties and intruder height and weight are factored into model calculations as well. ITM output is being used in conjunction with background temperature model predictions (or measured background data) and sensor performance models to generate IDS (intrusion detection system) metrics for a new software tool known as WVAT (Weather Vulnerability Assessment Tool). WVAT identifies unattended infrared IDS deployment scenarios in which system probability of detection can be expected to drop below acceptable levels. ITM output has been compared against calibrated thermal images recorded in Hanover, New Hampshire. Results indicate that the model is capable of providing realistic predictions of both 24-hour and seasonal fluctuations in intruder surface temperature. C1 USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Lacombe, J (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3666-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4040 BP 37 EP 48 DI 10.1117/12.392563 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BR35M UT WOS:000166174300006 ER PT S AU Heath, JL Meyer, B Woolaway, JT Parrish, W Lohrmann, D Newsome, G Inosecu, A Monson, J Rau, C Howard, F Li, C AF Heath, JL Meyer, B Woolaway, JT Parrish, W Lohrmann, D Newsome, G Inosecu, A Monson, J Rau, C Howard, F Li, C BE Carapezza, EM Hintz, TM TI Technical overview of the UL3 ALPHA and OMEGA uncooled cameras SO UNATTENDED GROUND SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications II CY APR 26, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE uncooled; infrared; low cost; low power; unattended ground sensor; bolometer; UFPA AB This paper describes two camera systems based on the advanced 160 x 128 uncooled micro-bolometer FPAs. The UL3 ALPHA camera is in production and takes advantage of the patented bias equalization FPA performance to produce the world's smallest IR production camera. UL3 ALPHA weighs less than 195 grams, uses 1.5 W of power [nominal] and has a overall dimensions of 4.3cm x 4.3cm x 7.5cm. UL3 ALPHA production cameras have demonstrated 62mK NEdT operation with over 99% operability. The UL3 OMEGA camera is in the design phase and is the next generation small format camera. UL3 OMEGA uses the ISC9811 ROIC currently being fabricated to allow non-temperature stabilized operation over a wide ambient temperature range [-40C to +55C]. By eliminating the requirement to temperature stabilize the uncooled focal plane array [UFPA], the UL3 OMEGA camera will greatly reduce the already low weight, size, and power achieved in UL3 ALPHA.The UL3 OMEGA camera will weigh less than 95 grams, use less than 600mW of power, and have overall dimensions of 3.5cm x 3.5cm x 3.6cm. Both camera architectures feature an approach that integrates the required system functions on application specific integrated circuits [ASICs] and field programmable gate arrays [FPGAs] rather than including discrete components and microprocessors. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Heath, JL (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3666-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4040 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1117/12.392571 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BR35M UT WOS:000166174300009 ER PT B AU Smith, DM Rollings, RS Peters, JF Metcalf, JB AF Smith, DM Rollings, RS Peters, JF Metcalf, JB BE Dawson, AR TI Mechanical response of an unbound granular base course for a flexible pavement SO UNBOUND AGGREGATES IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Unbound Aggregates in Road Construction (UNBAR 5) CY JUN 21-23, 2000 CL UNIV NOTTINGHAM, NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND HO UNIV NOTTINGHAM AB Airfield pavement design is a complex blend of relatively simple linear elastic theory, fatigue concepts, correlations with small and full-scale tests, and pragmatic adjustments to reflect observations of inservice pavements. The granular base and subbase have always posed the most difficult analytical problem in traditional pavement design methodologies. For this reason, the granular layers have never been treated explicitly in design as have the asphalt concrete (AC) layer and subgrade layer, which have used predictive models for cracking in the AC and rutting in the subgrade as a function of linear-elastic strain and material properties. Instead these granular layers were carefully specified in terms of gradation, plasticity, and in-situ density to minimize deformation under traffic However, today's designers are being asked to predict pavement performance under a wide variety of nonstandard conditions. This a far more complex task than simply providing safe thickness and specifications for the material. To deal with this new challenge, the design community must have material models that predict cumulative deformations under repetitive aircraft loads. With heavy loading the nonlinear response of base course materials must be considered when predicting pavement performance. The advances made in computational mechanics have created new tools of application for this type of problem which allow for implementation of theoretically rigorous material models. In order to apply these material models, mechanical response data is required to calibrate the necessary model parameters. In essence, the parameters used to define strength, failure, and deformation properties must be defined for any material to be modeled. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Smith, DM (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-147-3 PY 2000 BP 325 EP 334 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BQ55W UT WOS:000088761300040 ER PT S AU Budulas, PP Young, SH Emmerman, PJ AF Budulas, PP Young, SH Emmerman, PJ BE Gerhart, GR Gunderson, RW Shoemaker, CM TI Robot mother ship design SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology II CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE automated logistics; logistics base; mother ship; physical agents; collaborative robots; FCS AB Small physical agents will be ubiquitous on the battlefield of the 21(st) century, principally to lower the exposure to harm of our ground forces. Teams of small collaborating physical agents conducting tasks such as Reconnaissance, Surveillance, and Target Acquisition (RSTA); chemical and biological agent detection, logistics, sentry; and communications relay will have advanced sensor and mobility characteristics. The mother ship must effectively deliver/retrieve, service, and control these robots as well as fuse the information gathered by these highly mobile robot teams. The mother ship concept presented in this paper includes the case where the mother ship is itself a robot or a manned system. The mother ship must have long-range mobility to deploy the small, highly maneuverable agents that will operate in urban environments and more localized areas, and act as a logistics base for the robot teams. The mother ship must also establish a robust communications network between the agents and is an up-link point for disseminating the intelligence gathered by the smaller agents; and, because of its global knowledge, provides the high-level information fusion, control and planning for the collaborative physical agents. Additionally, the mother ship incorporates battlefield visualization, information fusion, and multi-resolution analysis, and intelligent software agent technology, to support mission planning and execution. This paper discusses on going research at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory that supports the development of a robot mother ship. This research includes docking, battlefield visualization, intelligent software agents, adaptive communications, information fusion, and multi-modal human computer interaction. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, IS,CB, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Budulas, PP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, IS,CB, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3650-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 4024 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.1117/12.391650 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ62J UT WOS:000088995200008 ER PT S AU Young, SH Scanlon, MV AF Young, SH Scanlon, MV BE Gerhart, GR Gunderson, RW Shoemaker, CM TI Robotic vehicle uses acoustic sensors for voice detection and diagnostics SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology II CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE acoustic; physical agents; robots; arrays; sensors; FCS AB An acoustic sensor array that cues an imaging system on a small tele-operated robotic vehicle was used to detect human voice and activity inside a building. The advantage of acoustic sensors is that it is a non-line of sight (NLOS) sensing technology that can augment traditional LOS sensors such as visible and IR cameras. Acoustic energy emitted from a target, such as from a person, weapon, or radio, will travel through walls and smoke, around corners, and down corridors, whereas these obstructions would cripple an imaging detection system. The hardware developed anal tested used an array of eight microphones to detect the loudest direction and automatically steer a camera's pan/tilt toward the noise centroid. This type of system has applicability for counter sniper applications, building clearing, and search/rescue. Data presented will be time-frequency representations showing voice detected within rooms and down hallways at various ranges. Another benefit of acoustics is that it provides the tele-operator some situational awareness clues via low-bandwidth transmission of raw audio data for the operator to interpret with either headphones or through time-frequency analysis. This data can be useful to recognize familiar sounds that might indicate the presence of personnel, such as talking, equipment, movement noises, etc. The same array also detects the sounds of the robot it is mounted on, and can be useful for engine diagnostics and trouble shooting, or for self-noise emanations for stealthy travel. Data presented will characterize vehicle self noise over various surfaces such as tiles, carpets, pavement, sidewalk, and grass. Vehicle diagnostic sounds presented will indicate a slipping clutch and repeated unexpected application of emergency braking mechanism. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, IS,CB, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Young, SH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, IS,CB, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3650-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4024 BP 72 EP 83 DI 10.1117/12.391617 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ62J UT WOS:000088995200009 ER PT S AU Gerhart, G Laughery, S Goetz, R AF Gerhart, G Laughery, S Goetz, R BE Gerhart, GR Gunderson, RW Shoemaker, CM TI Off-road vehicle locomotion using Bekker's model SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology II CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE vehicle; mobility; off-road; Bekker; robotic; traction model; slippage; terramechanics; BDTM AB Bekker's Derived Terramechanics Model (BDTM) is an analytical tool for evaluating vehicle off-road mobility. BDTM has been developed using Bekker's equations for vehicle soil interactions. He developed the bevameter technique to measure mechanical strength characteristics for many soil and snow conditions. BDTM is in a spreadsheet format, and its primary purpose is to compare mobility characteristics for robotic track and wheeled vehicles under different terrain conditions. Bekker's model is a simple, linear one degree-of- freedom (1-DOF) model, which assumes that in a perfectly cohesive soil (i.e. clay), soil thrust is only a function of contact surface area. The model also assumes that for a perfectly cohesionless or frictional soil (i.e. dry sand), soil thrust is a function of vehicular weight. This paper attempts to compare the mobility characteristics of wheeled vs. track vehicles for different size, weight and terrain conditions. C1 USA, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Gerhart, G (reprint author), USA, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3650-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4024 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.1117/12.391622 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ62J UT WOS:000088995200014 ER PT S AU Milton, AF Klager, GA Bowman, TR AF Milton, AF Klager, GA Bowman, TR BE Gerhart, GR Gunderson, RW Shoemaker, CM TI Low cost sensors for UGVs SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology II CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB With the advent of the Future Combat System and the "system of systems" approach to development of a deployable and lethal medium force, unmanned systems are viewed as essential contributors to provide the necessary capabilities while at the same time improving soldier survivability. One of the most critical missions far both unmanned ground and air platforms is Reconnaissance, Surveillance, and Target Acquisition (RSTA). Unmanned systems have the advantage that they may be put in harm's way. The systems must, however, be designed to be affordable to enable aggressive use that may result in loss or damage during operations. Advances in sensors, machine perception, and advanced computer architectures have made a semi-autonomous Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) a reality. While still requiring a man in the loop with a low bandwidth communication link for supervisory planning and control, the UGV can carry out numerous mission activities otherwise performed by manned systems. This paper will present an NVESD concept for a cost effective targeting system along with a discussion of sensors and concepts for autonomous mobility. C1 USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Washington, DC USA. RP Milton, AF (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Washington, DC USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3650-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4024 BP 180 EP 191 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ62J UT WOS:000088995200019 ER PT S AU Shoemaker, CM Bornstein, JA AF Shoemaker, CM Bornstein, JA BE Gerhart, GR Gunderson, RW Shoemaker, CM TI Overview and update of the Demo III Experimental Unmanned Vehicle program SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology II CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE robotics; unmanned ground vehicle; autonomous mobility; sensor fusion; artificial intelligence AB The Demo III Experimental Unmanned Ground Vehicle program is directed at developing autonomous mobility technology, integrating it onto a number of small, agile testbed vehicles and evaluating its maturity through a series of experiments conducted with the military user community. During FY99 the program focused upon development and integration of a baseline capability into two testbed vehicles that can maneuver cross country at speeds of up to 10 mph during daylight and 5 mph in darkness, over semi-arid terrain, i.e., terrain without significant vegetation. Efforts were centered on developing a multi-mode perception capability based upon both passive and active sensor systems that included stereo vision (using both normal CCD video and FLIR sensors), a multi-line laser scanner and imaging radar, implementation of the 4-D/RCS computer architecture, and a user-friendly operator interface incorporating advanced mission planning tools. The technology was evaluated in September '99 by troops from the Armor Center during a Battle Lab Warfighting Experiment at Aberdeen Proving Ground MD conducted by the Mounted Maneuver Battle Laboratory. During FY00, technical activities will focus on improving perception technology to permit higher speed day/night operation in obstacle-rich environments. A major technology thrust will be the introduction of object classification capabilities, e.g., the ability to differentiate between rocks and bushes or grass, into the autonomous mobility perception suite. This expanding capability is essential for future efforts directed at the development of tactical behaviors. C1 USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Shoemaker, CM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3650-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4024 BP 212 EP 220 DI 10.1117/12.391631 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ62J UT WOS:000088995200022 ER PT S AU Brendle, B Bornstein, J AF Brendle, B Bornstein, J BE Gerhart, GR Gunderson, RW Shoemaker, CM TI Forward Deployed Robotic Unit SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology II CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE autonomous mobility; architecture; sensors; robotics; unmanned vehicles; field demonstration AB Forward Deployed Robotic Unit (FDRU) is a core science and technology objective of the US Army, which will demonstrate the impact of autonomous systems on all phases of future land warfare. It will develop, integrate and demonstrate technology required to achieve advanced robotic and fire control capabilities for future land combat vehicles, e.g., Future Combat Systems, using a system of systems approach that culminates in a field demonstration in 2005. It will also provide the required unmanned assets and conduct the demonstration, Battle Lab Warfighting Experiments and data analysis required to understand the effects of unmanned assets on combat operations. The US Army Tank-Automotive & Armaments Command and the US Army Research Laboratory are teaming in an effort to leverage prior technology achievements in the areas of autonomous mobility, architecture, sensor and robotics system integration; advance the state-of-the-art in these areas; and to provide field demonstration/application of the technologies. C1 USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, AMSTA, TR R, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Brendle, B (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, AMSTA, TR R, MS264, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3650-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4024 BP 221 EP 226 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ62J UT WOS:000088995200023 ER PT S AU Muench, P Laughery, S Everson, J Houle, K Ikramulla, F AF Muench, P Laughery, S Everson, J Houle, K Ikramulla, F BE Gerhart, GR Gunderson, RW Shoemaker, CM TI Teleoperation convoy SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology II CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB Teleoperation is important to the Army because of its interest in incorporating robotics in the battlefield. The objective of this research is to demonstrate the capability to drive multiple vehicles using only a single driver, Teleoperation is an important near term goal, and we hope that this research will further this goal. C1 USA, TARDEC, AMSTA, TR R, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Muench, P (reprint author), USA, TARDEC, AMSTA, TR R, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3650-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4024 BP 348 EP 355 DI 10.1117/12.391645 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ62J UT WOS:000088995200035 ER PT B AU Valdes, JJ AF Valdes, JJ BE Dando, M Pearson, GS Toth, T TI Biological agent detection technology SO VERIFICATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL AND TOXIN WEAPONS CONVENTION SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on New Scientific and Technical Aspects of Verification of the Biological Toxin Weapons Convention CY JUL 06-16, 1997 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP NATO ID HYBRIDIZATION; LIBRARIES C1 USA, Edgewood Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6506-2 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 2000 VL 32 BP 181 EP 197 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Political Science SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Government & Law GA BR43V UT WOS:000166420100008 ER PT S AU Simonis, GJ Liu, J Koley, B Dagenais, M Mait, J Newman, P Lawler, B Chang, W Shen, P Taysing-Lara, M Datta, M AF Simonis, GJ Liu, J Koley, B Dagenais, M Mait, J Newman, P Lawler, B Chang, W Shen, P Taysing-Lara, M Datta, M BE Choquette, KD Lei, C TI Research on VCSEL interconnects and OE processing at Army Research Laboratory SO VERTICAL-CAVITY SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers IV CY JAN 26-28, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE VCSEL; optoelectronic interconnect; optoelectronic processing ID DIFFRACTIVE OPTICAL-ELEMENTS; DESIGN AB This presentation gives an overview of the ongoing Army Research Laboratory (ARL)/University of Maryland research effort on vertical-cavity-surface-emitting-laser (VCSEL) interconnects and OE processing and why this technology is of interest. ARL is conducting a research and development effort to develop VCSELs, VCSEL arrays, and their hybridization with complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) electronics and microwave monolithic integrated circuits (MMICs). ARL is also very active in the design, modeling, and development of diffractive optical elements (DOEs). VCSEL-CMOS flip-chip optoelectronic circuits and DOEs are of interest together with detector-CMOS flip-chip circuits to provide digital and analog optoelectronic interconnects in optoelectronic processing architectures. Such optoelectronic architectures show promise of relieving some of the information flow bottlenecks that are emerging in conventional digital electronic processing as the electronic state of the art advances at a rapid pace and the electronic interconnects become a significant limitation. Such optoelectronic interconnects are also of interest in the development of analog optoelectronic processing architectures that are very difficult to implement in conventional electronic circuitry due to the incorporation of dense arrays of interconnects between electronic elements. VCSEL-MMIC-detector flip-chip circuits are of interest for the incorporation of optoelectronic interconnects into analog RF systems where the optoelectronic interconnect offers advantages of size, weight, bandwidth, and power consumption. VCSEL-MMIC interconnects may also play a role in future high-speed digital optoelectronic processing. C1 USA, SE, EM, Res Lab,AMSRL, Adelphi, MD 20856 USA. RP Simonis, GJ (reprint author), USA, SE, EM, Res Lab,AMSRL, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20856 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3563-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3946 BP 172 EP 186 DI 10.1117/12.384374 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA BQ31U UT WOS:000087917700020 ER PT S AU Ton, T Nguyen, L AF Ton, T Nguyen, L BE Park, SK Rahman, Z TI Evaluation of the quadtree SAR image formation Algorithm SO VISUAL INFORMATION PROCESSING IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visual Information Processing IX CY APR 25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ultra-wideband radar; SAR; imaging radar; quadtree algorithm AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is investigating an efficient SAR image formation algorithm to support its mission-funded Ultra-Wideband (UWB) BoomSAR program. The traditional Backprojection technique produces images, requires no memory resources and allows arbitrary motion; however it is very computationally intensive and is therefor appropriate only for postprocessing applications. ARL invented a new recursive backprojector that reduces the computational load from an order N-3 to N(2)Log(N) [1]. This new algorithm is competitive in speed with the frequency domain omega K processing but requires less memory, and produces fewer artifacts. We compares both algorithms and presents the results of using simulation data and real data. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ton, T (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3667-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4041 BP 78 EP 85 DI 10.1117/12.390471 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BQ62M UT WOS:000088996200009 ER PT S AU Euliss, GW van der Gracht, J AF Euliss, GW van der Gracht, J BE Park, SK Rahman, Z TI Information theoretic analysis of birefringent antialiasing blur filters in the presence of aberrations SO VISUAL INFORMATION PROCESSING IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visual Information Processing IX CY APR 25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE imaging; information theory; antialiasing; aberrations ID VISUAL COMMUNICATION; DESIGN AB Charge coupled-device (CCD) imaging systems are often designed so that the image of the abject field is sampled well below the Nyquist limit Undersampled designs frequently occur because of the need for optical apertures that are large enough to satisfy the detector sensitivity requirements. Consequently, the cutoff frequency of the aperture is well beyond the sampling limits of the detector array, and aliasing artifacts degrade the resulting image. A common antialiasing technique in such imaging systems is to use birefringent plates as a blur filter. The blur filter produces a point spread function (PSF) that resembles multiple replicas of the optical system PSF, with the separation between replicas determined by the thickness of the plates. When the altered PSF is convolved with the PSF of the detector, an effective pixel is produced that is larger than the physical pixel and thus, the higher spatial frequency components and the associated aliasing are suppressed. previously we have shown how information theory can be used in designing birefringent blur filters by maximizing the information density of the image. In this paper, we investigate the effects of spherical aberration and defocus on the information density of an imaging system containing a birefringent blur filter. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Euliss, GW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3667-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4041 BP 86 EP 93 DI 10.1117/12.390472 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BQ62M UT WOS:000088996200010 ER PT S AU Scoggins, RK Machiraju, R Moorhead, RJ AF Scoggins, RK Machiraju, R Moorhead, RJ GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Enabling level-of-detail matching for exterior scene synthesis SO VISUALIZATION 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON VISUALIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization Conference CY OCT 08-13, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Visualizat & Graph, ACM SIGGRAPH DE multiresolution model; level-of-detail; rendering; image metrics; perception; terrain visualization AB This work presents a method to enable matching of level-of-detail (LOD) models to image-plane resolution over large variations in viewing distances often present in exterior images. A relationship is developed between image sampling rate, viewing distance, object projection, and expected image error due to LOD approximations. This is employed in an error metric to compute error profiles for LOD models. Multirate filtering in the frequency space of a reference object image is utilized to approximate multiple distant views over a range of orientations. An importance sampling method is described to better characterize perspective projection over view distance. A contrast sensitivity function (CSF) is employed to approximate the response of the vision system. Examples are presented for multiresolution spheres and a terrain height field feature. Future directions for extending this method are described. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Scoggins, RK (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1070-2385 BN 0-7803-6478-3 J9 IEEE VISUAL PY 2000 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1109/VISUAL.2000.885691 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR26T UT WOS:000165971600020 ER PT J AU Karypis, G Kumar, V AF Karypis, G Kumar, V TI Multilevel k-way hypergraph partitioning SO VLSI DESIGN LA English DT Article DE circuit partitioning; physical design; placement; multilevel AB In this paper, we present a new multilevel k-way hypergraph partitioning algorithm that substantially outperforms the existing state-of-the-art K-PM/LR algorithm for multiway partitioning, both for optimizing local as well as global objectives. Experiments on the ISPD98 benchmark suite show that the partitionings produced by our scheme are on the average 15% to 23% better than those produced by the K-PM/LR algorithm, both in terms of the hyperedge cut as well as the (K - 1) metric. Furthermore, our algorithm is significantly faster, requiring 4 to 5 times less time than that required by K-PM/LR. C1 Univ Minnesota, Army HPC Res Ctr, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Karypis, G (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Army HPC Res Ctr, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 25 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 4 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1065-514X J9 VLSI DES JI VLSI Des. PY 2000 VL 11 IS 3 BP 285 EP 300 DI 10.1155/2000/19436 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA 371BG UT WOS:000165157300007 ER PT J AU Lasher, M Mescavage, G AF Lasher, M Mescavage, G TI Safe disposal of pyrotechnic ordnance using a plasma treatment system SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Incinerational and Thermal Treatment Technologies CY MAY, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA DE pyrotechnic ordnance; plasma technology AB Many types of ordnance are obsolete and no longer serve a useful purpose. The amount of unused pyrotechnic ordnance both nationally and internationally has grown to a level where disposal is a necessity. Due to the various types of constituents found in pyrotechnic ordnance, open burning and open detonation have been eliminated as a means of disposal. In addition, the disassembly and material reuse/recycle is impractical. Therefore, alternative technologies must be utilized to help reduce the overall stockpile of pyrotechnic ordnance. A proven scientific method of treating many types of hazardous materials is plasma technology. The US Army Tank-automotive and Armaments Command, Armament Research Development and Engineering Center (TACOM-ARDEC) is currently evaluating the use of plasma technology for the disposal of pyrotechnic ordnance. The Plasma Ordnance Demilitarization System (PODS), a system specifically designed for treatment of ordnance, is in the final stages of integration testing. PODS will be installed and operated at the Western Area Demilitarization Facility at the Hawthorne Army Depot (HWAD), Hawthorne, NV. HWAD stores a significant amount of stockpiled ordnance classified for disposal. The PODS recently completed the Factory Integration Test (FIT) in preparation for shipment to HWAD. However, due to the lengthy permitting cycle actual trial burn and complete system shakedown are not scheduled until late 2001. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 MSE Technol Applicat, Butte, MT 59701 USA. USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Armament Syst Proc Div, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Lasher, M (reprint author), MSE Technol Applicat, Butte, MT 59701 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 2000 VL 20 IS 5-6 BP 425 EP 433 DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00006-4 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 323BD UT WOS:000087544200013 ER PT B AU Walsh, MR Collins, CM Lambert, DJ AF Walsh, MR Collins, CM Lambert, DJ BE Means, JL Hinchee, RE TI Development of a remediation method for white-phosphorus-contaminated wetlands SO WETLANDS & REMEDIATION: AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Wetlands and Remediation Conference CY NOV 16-17, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Battelle Mem Inst, US Dept Def, Environm Secur Technol Certificat Program, Strateg EnvironmRes & Dev, Morrison Knudsen Corp, USN, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc ID SALT-MARSH AB The use of the military munition white phosphorus in wetland impact areas has resulted in several documented cases of deposition of residual particles from incomplete combustion. In areas of permanent saturation, such as pond bottoms, these particles are highly persistent. They are also extremely toxic to dabbling waterfowl, which can ingest them through the normal course of sieving bottom sediments during feeding. In Eagle River Flats (ERF), an estuarine salt marsh that serves as a munitions impact area for Fort Richardson, Alaska, particulate white phosphorus has been found to be the cause of large waterfowl die-offs. After several years of investigations into the distribution and persistence of white phosphorus in the Flats, a method of remediation was developed that incorporates a semi-autonomous floating pump system, designed to temporarily drain contaminated ponds and allow the contaminant to attenuate naturally. Preliminary results over three years of treatability studies indicate that this remediation method is highly effective when climatic conditions are favorable to the drying of the exposed contaminated sediment. This remediation method was chosen by the U.S. Army, the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for the ERF Superfund site cleanup action. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Walsh, MR (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-089-6 PY 2000 BP 341 EP 348 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BQ66X UT WOS:000089140400044 ER PT B AU Walsh, ME Collins, CM Bailey, RN AF Walsh, ME Collins, CM Bailey, RN BE Means, JL Hinchee, RE TI Monitoring of remediation of a salt marsh contaminated with white phosphorus SO WETLANDS & REMEDIATION: AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Wetlands and Remediation Conference CY NOV 16-17, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Battelle Mem Inst, US Dept Def, Environm Secur Technol Certificat Program, Strateg EnvironmRes & Dev, Morrison Knudsen Corp, USN, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc AB Detonation of projectiles containing white phosphorus, a smoke-producing munition, contaminated Eagle River Flats, a salt marsh located on Fort Richardson, Alaska. Ingestion of highly toxic white phosphorus residues by dabbling waterfowl caused significant mortality, leading to the suspension of training with white phosphorus in wetlands and designation of Eagle River Flats as a Superfund site. The anaerobic sediments of shallow salt marsh ponds are ideal for longterm storage of the millimeter-size particles of white phosphorus ejected from detonated mortar and howitzer shells. In unsaturated sediment, white phosphorus particles ultimately sublime and oxidize, leaving nontoxic residues. In 1997, large pumps were installed in permanently ponded areas of Eagle River Flats to temporarily drain contaminated ponds. The complexity of the site required that we use multiple methods to monitor effectiveness of pond draining. In the drained ponds, we measured (a) sediment temperature and moisture conditions using sensors linked to a datalogger to determine if conditions were conducive to sublimation/oxidation; (b) white phosphorus concentrations remaining from past firing of white phosphorus munitions; and (c) residual white phosphorus from particles we planted in the surface sediment. We have used these methods for three years and have confirmed that the chosen remediation method is working. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Walsh, ME (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-089-6 PY 2000 BP 349 EP 356 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BQ66X UT WOS:000089140400045 ER PT B AU Best, EPH Miller, JL Larson, SL AF Best, EPH Miller, JL Larson, SL BE Means, JL Hinchee, RE TI Explosives removal from groundwater at the Volunteer Army Ammunition Plant, TN, in small-scale wetland modules SO WETLANDS & REMEDIATION: AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Wetlands and Remediation Conference CY NOV 16-17, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Battelle Mem Inst, US Dept Def, Environm Secur Technol Certificat Program, Strateg EnvironmRes & Dev, Morrison Knudsen Corp, USN, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc ID DEGRADATION AB The U. S. Department of Defense needs effective, low cost processes to remediate explosives-contaminated surface and groundwaters. A 115-day field study was conducted at the Volunteer Army Ammunition Plant (Chattanooga, TN) to determine the feasibility of using continuous surface-flow wetland modules to remove high levels (>2.1 mg L-1) of explosives (TNT; 2,4DNT; 2,6DNT; 2NT; 3NT; 4NT) from groundwater, and to assess the accumulation of explosives in wetland plants. Nine rectangular polyethylene containers (1.9 m long x 1.0 m wide x 0.8 m deep) were plumbed so as to achieve a hydraulic retention time of 7 days. Replicate treatment modules consisted of planted sediments, non-planted sediments, and UV-shielded non-planted sediments. Samples of the influent water, effluent water, plants and sediments were extracted and nitroaromatics in the extracts were analyzed by HPLC. Rates of nitroaromatic removal from water varied with nitroaromatic chemical species, treatment module and time. The average removal rates of total nitroaromatics were 5.44 mg L-1 d(-1) in the cat-tail planted modules, 4.45 mg L-1 d(-1) in the non-planted modules, and 4.01 mg L-1 d(-1) in the UV-shield non-planted modules. The average levels of total nitroaromatics in the effluent water from the cat-tail planted, non-planted and UV-shielded non-planted modules were 14.0, 28.1, and 34.4 mg L-1, while those in the influent were 94.6 mg L-1. Low levels of 2ADNT and 4ADNT were transiently observed in the plant biomass. No nitroaromatics were found in the sediments. C1 US Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Best, EPH (reprint author), US Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-089-6 PY 2000 BP 365 EP 373 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BQ66X UT WOS:000089140400047 ER PT J AU Bliese, PD Castro, CA AF Bliese, PD Castro, CA TI Role clarity, work overload and organizational support: multilevel evidence of the importance of support SO WORK AND STRESS LA English DT Article DE work overload; role clarity; organizational support; leadership; demands-control-support model ID SOCIAL SUPPORT; OCCUPATIONAL STRESS; ROLE AMBIGUITY; MODERATOR; EFFICACY; STRAIN AB The present study extended the demands-control-support model used in occupational stress research in two ways. First, it hypothesized that role clarity (i.e. role ambiguity), like control. would moderate the relationship between demands and psychological strain. Second, the study assessed support (from leaders) as a macro characteristic of the work-group environment. Data were drawn from a large study of US army soldiers, the study sample consisting of 1786 lower enlisted male soldiers. The inclusion of support as a work-group characteristic lead to a multilevel test of the model. A three-way multilevel interaction among work demands, role clarity and support was observed. As predicted, the relationship between demands and psychological strain was moderated by role clarity; however, this moderating relationship was found only when work-group support was high. C1 US Med Res Unit Europe, Med Res Unit, CMR 442, APO, AE 09042 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Operat Stress Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Castro, CA (reprint author), US Med Res Unit Europe, Med Res Unit, CMR 442, APO, AE 09042 USA. NR 24 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 6 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0267-8373 J9 WORK STRESS JI Work Stress PD JAN-MAR PY 2000 VL 14 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1080/026783700417230 PG 9 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 350KC UT WOS:000089099000005 ER PT J AU Schiano, JL Ginsberg, MD AF Schiano, JL Ginsberg, MD TI A pulsed spectrometer designed for feedback NQR SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION A-A JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Nuclear Quadrupole Interactions (XVth NQI 99) CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL UNIV LEIPZIG, LEIPZIG, GERMANY SP Minist Higher Educ, Res & Culture Freestate Saxony, Bruker-Analyt GmbH HO UNIV LEIPZIG DE nuclear quadrupole resonance; spectrometer design; real-time programmable pulse sequence generator ID QUADRUPOLE-RESONANCE AB A pulsed NQR spectrometer specifically designed to facilitate real-time tuning of pulse sequence parameters is described. A modular approach based on the interconnection of several rack-mounted blocks provides easy access to all spectrometer signals and simplifies the task of modifying the spectrometer design. We also present experimental data that demonstrates the ability of the spectrometer to increase the signal to noise ratio of NQR measurements by automatically adjusting the pulse width in the strong off-resonant comb pulse sequence. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Labs, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Schiano, JL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 227D Elect Engn W, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0932-0784 J9 Z NATURFORSCH A JI Z. Naturfors. Sect. A-J. Phys. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 55 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 66 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 289AB UT WOS:000085596200011 ER PT J AU Schiano, JL Blauch, AJ Ginsberg, MD AF Schiano, JL Blauch, AJ Ginsberg, MD TI Optimization of NQR pulse parameters using feedback control SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION A-A JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Nuclear Quadrupole Interactions (XVth NQI 99) CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL UNIV LEIPZIG, LEIPZIG, GERMANY SP Minist Higher Educ, Res & Culture Freestate Saxony, Bruker-Analyt GmbH HO UNIV LEIPZIG DE nuclear quadrupole resonance; feedback control; receiver operating characteristics ID QUADRUPOLE-RESONANCE; N-14 NQR; NMR AB A new method for increasing the probability of detecting nuclear resonance signals is demonstrated experimentally. It is well known that the detection of signals with a low signal to noise ratio (SNR) results in missed detections of false alarms. In situations where the noise is correlated or where limited data is averaging, it may not be possible to achieve a desired SNR through averaging alone. We present an alternative approach in which a feedback algorithm automatically adjusts pulse parameters so that the SNR and probability of correct detection are increased. Experimental results are presented for the detection of N-14 NQR signals. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Labs, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Schiano, JL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 227D Elect Engn W, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0932-0784 J9 Z NATURFORSCH A JI Z. Naturfors. Sect. A-J. Phys. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 55 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 73 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 289AB UT WOS:000085596200012 ER PT J AU Kaplan, DL Mello, C Sano, T Cantor, C Smith, C AF Kaplan, DL Mello, C Sano, T Cantor, C Smith, C TI Streptavidin-based containment systems for genetically engineered microorganisms SO BIOMOLECULAR ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE streptavidin; containment systems; microorganisms ID CONDITIONAL SUICIDE SYSTEM; BIOLOGICAL CONTAINMENT; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; ANTISENSE RNA; BACTERIA; GENES; EXPRESSION; PLASMIDS; CLONING; DNA AB The use of genetically modified microorganisms for environmental remediation continues to be debated. Conditional lethal systems with tightly regulated gene expression can be used to contain released microorganisms and ameliorate some of the concerns about horizontal gene transfer. We have described streptavidin-based suicide systems to address these concerns and evaluated their function in Pseudomona putida containing the TOL plasmid for aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism. Tight regulation of expression of a truncated streptavidin gene was required to avoid premature production of the toxic protein. Streptavidin expression was induced by the absence of 3-methyl benzoate (hydrocarbon substrate) which resulted in the elimination of 99.9% of the bacterial culture within eight hours. Low mutant escape rates at 10(-7) per cell per generation were also realized. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Tufts Univ, Ctr Biotechnol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. USA, Natick Res & Dev Ctr, Div Biotechnol, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Adv Biotechnol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Kaplan, DL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155 USA. OI Smith, Cassandra/0000-0002-0346-8907 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-0344 J9 BIOMOL ENG JI Biomol. Eng. PD DEC 31 PY 1999 VL 16 IS 1-4 BP 135 EP 140 DI 10.1016/S1050-3862(99)00040-6 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 290JP UT WOS:000085673400020 PM 10796996 ER PT J AU Albert, M Koh, G Perron, F AF Albert, M Koh, G Perron, F TI Radar investigations of melt pathways in a natural snowpack SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE snow melt; fingering; FMCW radar; lysimeter AB Melt pathways in a natural seasonal snowpack were investigated using high frequency FMCW radar to examine the use of radar as a tool for investigating water flow through snow, and to develop preliminary estimates of the number of flow fingers present and the amount of meltwater that they transport. Our data show that the radar can be used to sense melt features at distances of approximately one metre within this snowpack. Old refrozen fingers and new wet fingers both generate visible radar returns. Excavation of channels within the snowpack verified that the radar signals were from flow fingering. By counting the number of channels observed in the radar images and using snow lysimeter measurements of outflow from the snowpack, we estimated that in the early stages of the main snow melt season, this snowpack contained approximately three channels/m(2), and that the flow through each channel was approximately 0.4 mm of water/channel/hour. Published in 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Albert, M (reprint author), USA, Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. OI Albert, Mary/0000-0001-7842-2359 NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 18 BP 2991 EP 3000 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19991230)13:18<2991::AID-HYP10>3.0.CO;2-5 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 276AA UT WOS:000084852400005 ER PT J AU van der Veen, CJ Mosley-Thompson, E Gow, AJ Mark, BG AF van der Veen, CJ Mosley-Thompson, E Gow, AJ Mark, BG TI Accumulation At South Pole: Comparison of two 900-year records SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID VOSTOK ICE CORE; SNOW ACCUMULATION AB Two 900-year records of annual accumulation at South Pole are compared to evaluate the origin and significance of observed variations. Despite difficulties establishing absolute timescales, due to problems identifying annual layer markers, the two records can be correlated with confidence after moderate smoothing. This correlation shows that over the time period considered (1050-1956 A.D.) no climatically significant changes in accumulation occurred. Instead, fluctuations preserved in the two cores reflect spatial variations in snow accumulation, associated with nonuniform deposition induced by surface relief on the scale of several kilometers. C1 Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP van der Veen, CJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, 108 Scott Hall,1090 Carmack Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM vanderveen.1@osu.edu NR 30 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 1999 VL 104 IS D24 BP 31067 EP 31076 DI 10.1029/1999JD900501 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273DQ UT WOS:000084692900013 ER PT J AU Armstrong, TA Barish, KN Batsouli, S Bennett, SJ Chikanian, A Coe, SD Cormier, TM Davies, R Dover, CB Fachini, P Fadem, B Finch, LE George, NK Greene, SV Haridas, P Hill, JC Hirsch, AS Hoversten, R Huang, HZ Jaradat, H Kumar, BS Lainis, T Lajoie, JG Lewis, RA Li, Q Libby, B Majka, RD Miller, TE Munhoz, MG Nagle, JL Pless, IA Pope, JK Porile, NT Pruneau, CA Rabin, MSZ Reid, JD Rimai, A Rose, A Rotondo, FS Sandweiss, J Scharenberg, RP Slaughter, AJ Smith, GA Tincknell, ML Toothacker, WS Van Buren, G Wohn, FK Xu, Z AF Armstrong, TA Barish, KN Batsouli, S Bennett, SJ Chikanian, A Coe, SD Cormier, TM Davies, R Dover, CB Fachini, P Fadem, B Finch, LE George, NK Greene, SV Haridas, P Hill, JC Hirsch, AS Hoversten, R Huang, HZ Jaradat, H Kumar, BS Lainis, T Lajoie, JG Lewis, RA Li, Q Libby, B Majka, RD Miller, TE Munhoz, MG Nagle, JL Pless, IA Pope, JK Porile, NT Pruneau, CA Rabin, MSZ Reid, JD Rimai, A Rose, A Rotondo, FS Sandweiss, J Scharenberg, RP Slaughter, AJ Smith, GA Tincknell, ML Toothacker, WS Van Buren, G Wohn, FK Xu, Z CA E864 Collaboration TI Mass dependence of light-nucleus production in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEARCH; MATTER; AGS AB Light nuclei can be produced in the central reaction zone via coalescence in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Experiment 864 at BNL has measured the production of ten light nuclei with nuclear number A = 1 to A = 7 at rapidity y similar or equal to 1.9 and p(T)/A similar or equal to 300 MeV/c. Data were taken with a Au beam of momentum of 11.5A GeV/c on a Pb or Pt target with different experimental settings. The invariant yields show a striking exponential dependence on nuclear number with a penalty factor of about 50 per additional nucleon. Detailed analysis reveals that the production may depend on the spin factor of the nucleus and the nuclear binding energy as well. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Columbia Univ, Nevis Lab, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Armstrong, TA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 27 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 26 BP 5431 EP 5434 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.5431 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 268GQ UT WOS:000084406300007 ER PT J AU Charlab, R Valenzuela, JG Rowton, ED Ribeiro, JMC AF Charlab, R Valenzuela, JG Rowton, ED Ribeiro, JMC TI Toward an understanding of the biochemical and pharmacological complexity of the saliva of a hematophagous sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PHLEBOTOMUS-PAPATASI DIPTERA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; AEDES-AEGYPTI; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; VENOM; 5'-NUCLEOTIDASE; IDENTIFICATION; LEISHMANIASIS; ANTAGONISTS AB The saliva of blood-sucking arthropods contains powerful pharmacologically active substances and may be a vaccine target against some vector-borne diseases. Subtractive cloning combined with biochemical approaches was used to discover activities in the salivary glands of the hematophagous fly Lutzomyia longipalpis. Sequences of nine full-length cDNA clones were obtained, five of which are possibly associated with blood-meal acquisition, each having cDNA similarity to: (i) the bed bug Cimex lectularius apyrase, (ii) a 5'-nucleotidase/phosphodiesterase, (iii) a hyaluronidase, (iv) a protein containing a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD), and (v) a RGD-containing peptide with no significant matches to known proteins in the BLAST databases. Following these findings, we observed that the salivary apyrase activity of L. longipalpis is indeed similar to that of Cimex apyrase in its metal requirements. The predicted isoelectric point of the putative apyrase matches the Value found for Lutzomyia salivary apyrase, A 5'-nucleotidase, as well as hyaluronidase activity, was found in the salivary glands, and the CRD-containing cDNA matches the N-terminal sequence of the HPLC-purified salivary anticlotting protein. A cDNA similar to alpha-amylase was discovered and salivary enzymatic activity demonstrated for the first time in a bloodsucking arthropod. Full-length clones were also found coding for three proteins of unknown function matching, respectively, the N-terminal sequence of an abundant salivary protein, having similarity to the CAP superfamily of proteins and the Drosophila yellow protein. Finally, two partial sequences are reported that match possible housekeeping genes. Subtractive cloning will considerably enhance efforts to unravel the salivary pharmacopeia of blood-sucking arthropods. C1 NIAID, Sect Med Entomol, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Ribeiro, JMC (reprint author), NIAID, Sect Med Entomol, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bldg 4,Room 126,4 Ctr Dr,MSC 0425, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Rowton, Edgar/A-1975-2011; Rowton, Edgar/A-4474-2012; OI Rowton, Edgar/0000-0002-1979-1485; Ribeiro, Jose/0000-0002-9107-0818 NR 41 TC 162 Z9 167 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 21 PY 1999 VL 96 IS 26 BP 15155 EP 15160 DI 10.1073/pnas.96.26.15155 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 267TM UT WOS:000084375400087 PM 10611354 ER PT J AU Nowak, GA Kim, J Islam, MN AF Nowak, GA Kim, J Islam, MN TI Stable supercontinuum generation in short lengths of conventional dispersion-shifted fiber SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DECREASING FIBER; PULSE-COMPRESSION; OPTICAL FIBERS; LASER SOURCE; SOLITON AB By propagating 500-fs pulses through 2.5 m of standard fiber followed by 2 m of dispersion-shifted fiber, we generated >200 nm of spectral continuum between 1430 and 1630 nm, which is flat to less than +/-0.5 dB over more than 60 nm. Pulses obtained by filtering the continuum show no increase in timing jitter over the source laser ansi are pedestal free to >28 dB, indicating excellent stability and coherence. We show that the second- and third-order dispersions of the continuum fiber and self phase modulation are primarily responsible for the continuum generation and spectral shaping and found close agreement between simulations and experiments. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 060.2310, 060.0060, 060.2380, 190.4370. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Nowak, GA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM dg8711@usma.edu RI Kim, Jaeyoun/B-5291-2012 NR 17 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 36 BP 7364 EP 7369 DI 10.1364/AO.38.007364 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 269NL UT WOS:000084484400007 PM 18324285 ER PT J AU Bhattacharjee, AK AF Bhattacharjee, AK TI Ab initio quantum chemical analysis of stereoelectronic properties may explain in vitro antileishmanial activity of some macrocyclic bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Application of Fundamental Theory to Problems of Biology and Pharmacology CY FEB 27-MAR 05, 1999 CL ST AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA SP IBM Corp, HyperCube Inc, Univ Florida DE ab initio quantum chemical; stereoelectronic properties; bisbenzylisoquinolines; antileishmanial activity ID MOLECULAR ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY; ANALOGS; AGENTS; MODEL; AM1 AB Despite phenomenal progress made in the understanding of molecular biology of Leishmaniasis in the past few decades, no new therapeutic agent has come up for the treatment of the disease since the introduction of pentavalent antimonials almost half a century ago. Discovery of some macrocyclic bisbenzylisoquinolines from natural products has shown promising antileishmanial activity in recent years, but their mechanism of action is not known. The present theoretical investigation attempts to identify and assess the role of calculated stereoelectronic properties of five such bisbenzylisoquinolines toward their observed antileishmanial activity. The study is an ab initio quantum chemical (3-21G*/4-31G*-HF) analysis on the molecular electronic structure of gyrocarpine, daphnandrine, obaberine, pheanthine, and malekulatine. The ability to form a hole or cavity at the macrocyclic ring, preference for specific orientation of lone-pair electrons of the ether-oxygen atoms, the electrostatic potential profiles by these oxygen atoms, and similarity of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) isosurface at the hole are found to be related to potent in vitro antileishmanial activity. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Pharmacol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Bhattacharjee, AK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Pharmacol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD DEC 20 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 6 BP 995 EP 1002 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-461X(1999)75:6<995::AID-QUA3>3.0.CO;2-# PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 259AG UT WOS:000083871400002 ER PT J AU Lanciotti, RS Roehrig, JT Deubel, V Smith, J Parker, M Steele, K Crise, B Volpe, KE Crabtree, MB Scherret, JH Hall, RA MacKenzie, JS Cropp, CB Panigrahy, B Ostlund, E Schmitt, B Malkinson, M Banet, C Weissman, J Komar, N Savage, HM Stone, W McNamara, T Gubler, DJ AF Lanciotti, RS Roehrig, JT Deubel, V Smith, J Parker, M Steele, K Crise, B Volpe, KE Crabtree, MB Scherret, JH Hall, RA MacKenzie, JS Cropp, CB Panigrahy, B Ostlund, E Schmitt, B Malkinson, M Banet, C Weissman, J Komar, N Savage, HM Stone, W McNamara, T Gubler, DJ TI Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; E-GLYCOPROTEIN; DNA-SEQUENCES; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTION; TREES; KUNJIN; GENE AB In Late summer 1999, an outbreak of human encephalitis occurred in the northeastern United States that was concurrent with extensive mortality in crows (Corvus species) as well as the deaths of several exotic birds at a zoological park in the same area. Complete genome sequencing of a flavivirus isolated from the brain of a dead Chilean flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis), together with partial sequence analysis of envelope glycoprotein (E-glycoprotein) genes amplified from several other species including mosquitoes and two fatal human cases, revealed that West Nile (WN) virus circulated in natural transmission cycles and was responsible for the human disease. Antigenic mapping with E-glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies and E-glycoprotein phylogenetic analysis confirmed these viruses as WN. This North American WN virus was most closely related to a WN virus isolated from a dead goose in Israel in 1998. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Inst Pasteur, Unite Arbovirus & Virus Fievres Hemorragiques, F-75724 Paris 15, France. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol & Pathol, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Univ Queensland, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Minist Agr & Rural Dev, Kimron Vet Inst, Div Avian Dis, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Div Fish Wildlife & Marine Resources, Wildlife Pathol Unit, Delmar, NY 12054 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. RP Lanciotti, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RI Smith, Jane/B-6254-2009; OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 21 TC 969 Z9 1012 U1 14 U2 170 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 17 PY 1999 VL 286 IS 5448 BP 2333 EP 2337 DI 10.1126/science.286.5448.2333 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 266UK UT WOS:000084318500059 PM 10600742 ER PT J AU He, JA Yang, K Kumar, J Tripathy, SK Samuelson, LA Oshikiri, T Katagi, H Kasai, H Okada, S Oikawa, H Nakanashi, H AF He, JA Yang, K Kumar, J Tripathy, SK Samuelson, LA Oshikiri, T Katagi, H Kasai, H Okada, S Oikawa, H Nakanashi, H TI Electrostatic self-assembly of polydiacetylene nanocrystals: Nonlinear optical properties and chain orientation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ORIENTED BACTERIORHODOPSIN/POLYCATION MULTILAYERS; INTENSITY-DEPENDENT INDEX; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; BY-LAYER MANIPULATION; POLED POLYMER-FILMS; ELECTROABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ORGANIC MICROCRYSTALS; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SOLID-STATE AB Two different sizes of nanocrystals of poly(1,6-dicarbazolyl-2,4-hexadiyne) (poly-DCHD), have been assembled into composite films by electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) using poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDAC) as the oppositely charged polyelectrolyte. UV-visible absorption showed that: the film deposition process is uniform. The AFM images of these films indicate that the nanocrystals are platelets lying on the substrate plane. The chromophore (polydiacetylene backbone) orientation and third-order optical nonlinearity of poly-DCHD/PDAC multilayers are investigated by electroabsorption spectroscopy. The ratio of X-3333((3)), to X-1133((3)) is significantly less than 3, indicating that the polymer chains are predominantly parallel to the plane of the substrate. In addition, the films possess third-order nonlinearity in the order of 10(-11) esu. C1 Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Phys, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Soldier Syst Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Chem React Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 98077, Japan. RP Tripathy, SK (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 48 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 16 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 50 BP 11050 EP 11056 DI 10.1021/jp992633+ PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 268PJ UT WOS:000084424500011 ER PT J AU Diehl, LF Karnell, LH Menck, HR AF Diehl, LF Karnell, LH Menck, HR TI The national cancer data base report on age, gender, treatment, and outcomes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE chronic lymphocytic leukemia; National Cancer Data Base; treatment; survival; outcome ID PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; SURVIVAL AB BACKGROUND. The natural history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is changing, although the reasons (potential changes in the disease's biology or in patterns in patient characteristics, treatment, or referral) are unclear. METHODS. This report uses National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) data, which reflect a hospital-based patient population from a broad spectrum of hospitals in the United States. Age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, treatment, overall survival, and relative survival were evaluated according to time period (1985-1990 and 1991-1995). Comparisons were made with U.S. population figures for 1990 and with series published over the last 70 years. RESULTS. CLL comprised 22.6% of the 108,396 cases of leukemia in the data base. The risk of developing CLL increased progressively with age and did not plateau; the average age was 69.6 years. At the time of initial diagnosis, 60.5% of patients received no treatment (this proportion increased from 58.1% to 62.7% between the 2 time periods). Overall survival was 48.2% at 5 years and 22.5% at 10 years. The 5-year relative survival was 69.5%, 72.2%, 63.1%, and 41.7% for age groups <40, 40-59, 60-79, and 80+ years, respectively; these rates indicated that CU, and not comorbid disease, caused the greatest percentage of deaths. CONCLUSIONS. The risk of developing CLL increases progressively with age without plateauing and is 2.8 times higher for older men than for older women. There is an increasing trend toward no treatment at the time of initial diagnosis. Long term overall survival of CLL patients is pear. CLL is a more fatal disease among older individuals because of the disease itself, not because of comorbid conditions. (C) 1999 American Cancer Society. C1 Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Amer Coll Surg, Commiss Canc, Natl Canc Data Base, Chicago, IL USA. RP Karnell, LH (reprint author), Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 200 Hawkins Dr,E230 GH, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 28 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD DEC 15 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 12 BP 2684 EP 2692 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19991215)86:12<2684::AID-CNCR13>3.0.CO;2-V PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 266WB UT WOS:000084322300013 PM 10594864 ER PT J AU Ehlen, J AF Ehlen, J TI Fracture characteristics in weathered granites SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE weathering; joint spacing; granite; geotechnical; fractures ID CLASSIFICATION; ROCKS AB The variability of weathered materials is an important factor in the geotechnical characterization of rock for engineering purposes. Most engineering rock mass classifications include weathering schemes that separate the weathering profile into zones or grades that depend upon the engineering and geological properties of the rock. Many geotechnical characteristics, including weathering, are controlled by the density and arrangement of Fractures within the rock, but the relationships between fracture patterns and weathering grades are typically not addressed. Fracture characteristics were investigated in 13 exposures in five study areas in weathered granite in eastern Asia. All weathering grades were present, but never in the same exposure. Two approaches were used to evaluate the field data: (1) joint spacings were tabulated and examined within each weathering grade (tabulated classification); and (2) each exposure was classified according to the dominant weathering grade (visual classification). Mean and median joint spacings and joint spacing frequency distributions were analyzed and compared statistically for each approach. The box fractal dimensions for joint spacing were calculated for exposures classified visually in each weathering grade. Three-dimensional models of fresh and weathered granite were also generated and sampled for comparison to the field data. Mean joint spacing is usually 25% or more closer in weathered granite than it is in fresh granite, and the difference between the mean spacings for weathered granite and fresh granite tend to be statistically significant. There are no significant differences between any distribution medians. The joint spacing distributions for weathered granite and fresh granite are also not statistically significantly different, and there are no significant differences among the joint spacing frequency distributions for the different grades of weathered granite. Fractal analysis of joint spacings, however, suggests spacing characteristics of fresh and slightly weathered (SW) granite are very different from those in moderately, highly, and completely weathered granite, and sampling of three-dimensional models for weathered and fresh granite supports this. In an engineering context, this suggests that joint spacing relationships in the various grades of weathered granite can be treated as the same regardless of weathering grade and that joint patterns in fresh granite must be evaluated separately. This knowledge could result in significant time and cost savings in the geotechnical characterization of these materials. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Ehlen, J (reprint author), USA, Topog Engn Ctr, 7701 Telegraph Rd, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. EM jehlen@tec.army.mil NR 38 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD DEC 15 PY 1999 VL 31 IS 1-4 BP 29 EP 45 DI 10.1016/S0169-555X(99)00071-9 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 297MK UT WOS:000086086500003 ER PT J AU Dupont, E Liu, HC Yang, RQ AF Dupont, E Liu, HC Yang, RQ TI Polarization dependence of electroluminescence in Sb-based mid-infrared interband cascade emitters SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERSUBBAND TRANSITIONS; QUANTUM-WELLS; LASERS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; GAAS-GA1-XALXAS; SUPERLATTICES AB We report an experimental investigation of polarization dependence of mid-infrared electroluminescence from type-II InAs/GaInSb interband cascade devices. The in-plane polarized emission was found to be dominant from a laser structure, supporting the assertion based on the conventional k.p theory. The observed electroluminescences from the light-emitting diodes were found to be nearly independent of polarization. These experimental results have been discussed along with theoretical calculations based the conventional k.p theory. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)03924-9]. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Dupont, E (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 12 BP 7195 EP 7197 DI 10.1063/1.371814 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 259VX UT WOS:000083915600091 ER PT J AU Arnold, S Goddard, NL Hill, SC AF Arnold, S Goddard, NL Hill, SC TI Nonclassical polarization effects in fluorescence emission spectra from microdroplets SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED ENERGY-TRANSFER; AEROSOL-PARTICLE; MOLECULES; RAMAN; MICROPARTICLE; SCATTERING AB We report a pronounced nonclassical polarization effect on the shape of fluorescence emission spectra from isolated microdroplets containing a dilute solution of soluble fluors or a dilute layer of surfactant fluors. We see different spectral shapes for 90 degrees scattering when comparing between I-VV, I-VH, I-HH, I-HV. However, we measure the largest difference in spectral shape in the surfactant case, with the incident polarization directed toward the detector (I-HV vs I-HH). Imaging reveals that the emission in this case principally arises from two distinct regions near the surface of the droplet, which are diametrically opposed and along the axis of the incident laser beam. The effect appears to be the direct result of coupling between molecular emission moments and electromagnetic modes of the droplet. It is not the molecule which radiates but the molecule microvessel. Directional emission is sensitive to the polarization of the electromagnetic mode which is stimulated by the coupling. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)70647-1]. C1 Polytech Univ, Microparticle Photophys Lab, MP3L, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Arnold, S (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Microparticle Photophys Lab, MP3L, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 23 BP 10407 EP 10410 DI 10.1063/1.480393 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 260AY UT WOS:000083927200002 ER PT J AU Kuprash, DV Alimzhanov, MB Tumanov, AV Anderson, AO Pfeffer, K Nedospasov, SA AF Kuprash, DV Alimzhanov, MB Tumanov, AV Anderson, AO Pfeffer, K Nedospasov, SA TI TNF and lymphotoxin beta cooperate in the maintenance of secondary lymphoid tissue microarchitecture but not in the development of lymph nodes SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ALPHA-DEFICIENT MICE; ORGAN DEVELOPMENT; ABNORMAL-DEVELOPMENT; RECEPTOR; ORGANOGENESIS; INFLAMMATION; CYTOKINE; MEMBER; MOUSE AB Inactivation of genes encoding members of TNF and TNF receptor families reveal their divergent roles in the formation and function of secondary lymphoid organs. Most lymphotoxin alpha (lt alpha)- and all lymphotoxin beta receptor (lt beta)-deficient mice are completely devoid of lymph nodes (LNs); however, most lymphotoxin beta (lt beta)-deficient mice develop mesenteric LNs, Tnf- and tnfrp55-deficient mice develop a complete set of LNs, while lt beta/tnfrp55 double-deficient mice lack all LNs, demonstrating cooperation between LT beta and TNFRp55 in LN development. Now we report that lt beta/tnf double-deficient mice develop the same set of mucosal LNs as do lt beta-deficient mice, suggesting that ligands other than TNF signal through TNFRp55 during LN development, These LNs retain distinct T and B cells areas; however, they lack follicular dendritic cell networks. Structures resembling germinal centers can be found in the LNs from immunized lt beta-deficient mice but not in lt beta/tnf double-deficient mice. Additionally, stromal components of the spleen and LNs appear to be more severely disturbed in lt beta/tnf double-deficient mice as compared with lt beta-deficient mice. We conclude that LT beta and TNF cooperate in the establishment of the correct microarchitecture of lymphoid organs. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Engelhardt Inst Mol Biol, Lab Mol Immunol, Moscow 117984, Russia. Moscow State Univ, Belozersky Inst Physicochem Biol, Moscow, Russia. NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Div Basic Sci, Mol Immunoregulat Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Intramural Res Support Program, Frederick, MD USA. Tech Univ Munich, Inst Med Microbiol Immunol & Hyg, D-8000 Munich, Germany. Univ Cologne, Inst Genet, Cologne, Germany. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Clin Pathol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Kuprash, DV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Engelhardt Inst Mol Biol, Lab Mol Immunol, 32 Vavilov St, Moscow 117984, Russia. RI Nedospasov, Sergei/J-5936-2013; Nedospasov, Sergei/L-1990-2015; Kuprash, Dmitry/O-4899-2015; Nedospasov, Sergei/Q-7319-2016 OI Kuprash, Dmitry/0000-0002-1488-4148; FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-56000] NR 45 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD DEC 15 PY 1999 VL 163 IS 12 BP 6575 EP 6580 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 263PJ UT WOS:000084134200029 PM 10586051 ER PT J AU Beyer, FL Gido, SP Uhrig, D Mays, JW Tan, NB Trevino, SF AF Beyer, FL Gido, SP Uhrig, D Mays, JW Tan, NB Trevino, SF TI Morphological behavior of A(2)B(2) star block copolymers SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the American-Physical-Society-Division-of-High-Polymer-Physics CY MAR, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Phys Soc Div High Polymer Phys DE morphology; block copolymer; miktoarm star; TEM; SAXS; SANS ID DOUBLE-GRAFT-COPOLYMERS; MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; BRANCH-POINTS; STYRENE; SEGREGATION; ISOPRENE AB A series of A(2)B(2) four-sun, miktoarm stars of polystyrene and polyisoprene have been synthesized. The morphological behavior of these materials has been characterized using TEM, SAXS, and SANS, and was found to agree in general with the predictions of Milner's theory for miktoarm star morphological behavior. One sample was found to exhibit a cylindrical morphology where lamellae were predicted; this behavior is similar to other discrepancies observed in previous studies of miktoarm star morphological behavior. A second sample, predicted to form a bicontinuous morphology, was found to exhibit hexagonally packed cylinders. The tetrafunctional junction point also results in an increase in spacing for the lamellar sample in this series over that of an AB diblock, but not as great as the increase previously observed for A(8)B(8) 16-arm star materials. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Gido, SP (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RI Uhrig, David/A-7458-2016 OI Uhrig, David/0000-0001-8447-6708 NR 25 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1999 VL 37 IS 24 BP 3392 EP 3400 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(19991215)37:24<3392::AID-POLB2>3.0.CO;2-A PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 261ZW UT WOS:000084042100002 ER PT J AU Liu, W Cholli, AL Nagarajan, R Kumar, J Tripathy, S Bruno, FF Samuelson, L AF Liu, W Cholli, AL Nagarajan, R Kumar, J Tripathy, S Bruno, FF Samuelson, L TI The role of template in the enzymatic synthesis of conducting polyaniline SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WATER-SOLUBLE POLYANILINE; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS; OXIDATIVE POLYMERIZATION; MIXED MICELLES; CHEMICAL POLYMERIZATION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; POLYMERS AB It was recently reported that water soluble conducting polyaniline may be prepared using a new template-guided enzymatic approach. To address the mechanistic role of the template in this reaction, various macromolecular and surfactant templates were investigated. It was found that the template provides a necessary type of "local" environment where the pH and charge density near the template molecule is different from that of the bulk solution. C-13 and H-1 NMR studies showed that this "local" environment serves as a type of nano-reactor that is critical in anchoring, aligning, and reacting the aniline monomers and ultimately controls what form of polyaniline (conducting or insulating) is obtained during reaction. Strong acid polyelectrolytes, such as sulfonated polystyrene (SPS), are the most favorable because they provide a lower, local pH environment that serves to both charge and preferentially align the aniline monomers through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions to promote the desired head-to-tail coupling. Interestingly, it was found that micelles formed from aggregating, strong acid surfactant molecules such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (SDBS) also provide suitable local template environments that lead to the formation of conducting polyaniline. H-1 NMR spectral data showed that the aniline monomers in these micelle systems intercalate between the sulfonated styrene headgroups of the micelles. However, if the reaction media was such that micelles were not formed or if the distance between the sulfonated headgroups in the mixed micelle systems was too large, then the conducting form of polyaniline could not be obtained. The information gained from this study strongly supports the existence and importance of "local" template environments in guiding the enzymatic synthesis of polyaniline. A fundamental understanding of these types of mechanisms should lead to the design and optimization of a broad range of other interesting template-guided reactions. C1 USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Lowell, Dept Chem, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Lowell, Dept Phys, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Samuelson, L (reprint author), USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 88 TC 184 Z9 186 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 15 PY 1999 VL 121 IS 49 BP 11345 EP 11355 DI 10.1021/ja9926156 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 266NT UT WOS:000084306600012 ER PT J AU Xie, YY Wu, JZ Yan, SL Yu, Y Aytug, T Fang, L Tidrow, SC AF Xie, YY Wu, JZ Yan, SL Yu, Y Aytug, T Fang, L Tidrow, SC TI Elimination of air detrimental effect using Tl-stabilized precursor for epitaxial HgBa2CaCu2O6 thin films SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article DE high temperature superconductivity; Hg-1212; thin films; thallium ID TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; HGBA2CA2CU3O8+DELTA AB The fabrication process for HgBa(2)CaCu(2)Q(6-delta) (Hg-1212) superconducting thin films has been greatly simplified when an air-insensitive precursor film (TlyBa2CaCu2Ox) was employed. Using such precursors, high-quality Hg-1212 thin films have been reproducibly fabricated in air. X-ray diffraction theta-2 theta scans and pole figures show that these films consist of high-purity Hg-1212 grains that are c-axis oriented and in-plane aligned. Zero-resistance transition temperatures of these films are typically 122-124 K. Critical current density is up to 2.0 X 10(7) A/cm(2) at 5 K and remains above 1 MA/cm(2) at 100 K in zero field. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Xie, YY (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, 1082 Malott Hall, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RI Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC 15 PY 1999 VL 328 IS 3-4 BP 241 EP 245 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(99)00560-2 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 267UL UT WOS:000084377600014 ER PT J AU Gruber, JB Zandi, B Reid, MF AF Gruber, JB Zandi, B Reid, MF TI Spectra, energy levels, and transition line-strengths for Sm3+: Y3Al5O12 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-FIELD; LANTHANIDE IONS; GARNETS; ND-3+ AB Optical spectra and energy levels of the sextet, quartet, and doubler states of Sm3+ (4f(5)) incorporated into single crystals of Y3Al5O12 (Sm3+:YAG), where YAG denotes yttrium aluminum garnet, are reported and analyzed at wavelengths between 560 and 280 MI. The analysis of energy (Stark) levels is based on a model Hamiltonian consisting of Coulombic, spin-orbit, and interconfigurational terms for the 4f(5) atomic configuration of Sm3+ and crystal-field terms in D-2 symmetry (the: site symmetry of the Sm3+ ions in the garnet lattice). The Hamiltonian also includes contributions arising from:the spin-correlated crystal field. Because of the strength of the crystal field, the entire energy matrix is diagonalized within the complete 4f(5) SLJM(J) basis set representing 73 LS states, 198 L-2S + I(J) multiplets, and 1001 doubly degenerate crystal-quantum states. In D-2 symmetry, all Stark levels are characterized by the same irreducible representation ((2)Gamma(5)). Optimization between 314 calculated-to-observed Stark levels was carried out with a final rms deviation of 10 cm(-1). Eigenvectors obtained from the crystal-field splitting analysis are used to calculate transition line strengths originating from the ground-state Stark level to Stark levels in excited manifolds. The calculated line strengths are compared with experimental line strengths obtained from the absorption spectrum at 3.8 K. The line-strength analysis is useful in identifying individual excited Stark levels associated with sextet, quartet, and doublet states strongly mixed by the crystal field. [S0163-1829(99)09347-9]. C1 San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. RP Gruber, JB (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. OI Reid, Michael/0000-0002-2984-9951 NR 25 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 23 BP 15643 EP 15653 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.15643 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 272BZ UT WOS:000084631800046 ER PT J AU Mungiole, M Pickle, LW Simonson, KH AF Mungiole, M Pickle, LW Simonson, KH TI Application of a weighted head-banging algorithm to mortality data maps SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ROBUST AB Smoothed data maps permit the reader to identify general spatial trends by removing the background noise of random variability often present in raw data. To smooth mortality data from 798 small areas comprising the contiguous United States, we extended the head-banging algorithm to allow for differential weighting of the values to be smoothed. Actual and simulated data sets were used to determine how head-banging smoothed spike and edge features in the data, and to observe the degree to which weighting affected the results. As expected, spikes were generally removed while edges and clusters of high rates near the U.S. borders were maintained by the unweighted head-banging algorithm. Incorporating weights inversely proportional to standard errors had a substantial effect on smoothed data, for example determining whether observed spikes were retained or removed. The process used to obtain the smoothed data, including the choice of head-banging parameters, is discussed. Results are considered in the context of general spatial trends, Published in 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mungiole, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 10 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD DEC 15 PY 1999 VL 18 IS 23 BP 3201 EP + DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19991215)18:23<3201::AID-SIM310>3.0.CO;2-U PG 14 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 262QF UT WOS:000084077400005 PM 10602145 ER PT J AU Mage, RG Sehgal, D Schiaffella, E Anderson, AO AF Mage, RG Sehgal, D Schiaffella, E Anderson, AO TI Gene-conversion in rabbit B-cell ontogeny and during immune responses in splenic germinal centers SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Veterinary Immunology Symposium CY NOV 08-13, 1998 CL PUNJAB AGR UNIV, LUDHIANA, INDIA SP Punjab Agr Univ HO PUNJAB AGR UNIV ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY-CHAIN; SOMATIC DIVERSIFICATION; ANTIBODY DIVERSITY; ADULT-RABBITS; VH-GENE; CHICKEN; SEQUENCES; HYPERCONVERSION; ORGANIZATION; REPERTOIRE AB Combinatorial diversity is limited in rabbits because only a few V-H genes rearrange. Most diversification of the primary repertoire is generated by somatic hypermutation and gene conversion-like changes of rearranged V-H in B cells that migrate to appendix and other gut associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) of young rabbits. The changes are referred to as gene conversion-like because the non-reciprocal nature of the alterations introduced has not yet been demonstrated. There are many similarities between rabbits and chickens in how their B cells develop and diversify their repertoires. However, although the majority of rabbit B cells may have rearranged and diversified their V genes early in life, some B cells in adult rabbits have rearranged V-H sequences that are identical or nearly identical to germline sequences. We found these cells in splenic germinal centers (GC) on days 7 and 10 after immunization of normal adult rabbits with DNP-BGG. By day 15, all rearranged V-H sequences were diversified. We find an overall pattern of splenic precursor cells whose germline or near germline sequences change both by gene conversion and point mutations during early divisions and mainly by point mutations during later divisions. These events, in parallel with diversification of light chain sequences, may produce the diverse combining sites that serve as substrates for further affinity maturation by selection either within GC or later among emigrant cells in sites such as bone marrow. Some of the sequences altered by gene conversion in splenic germinal centers may also produce new members of the B-cell repertoire in adult rabbits comparable to those produced in GALT of neonatal rabbits. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIAID, NIH, Immunol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Mage, RG (reprint author), NIAID, NIH, Immunol Lab, Bldg 10,Rm 11N311,10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1892, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 15 PY 1999 VL 72 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 15 DI 10.1016/S0165-2427(99)00110-5 PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 265QZ UT WOS:000084256000003 PM 10614487 ER PT J AU Johnson, MC Plank, T AF Johnson, Marie C. Plank, Terry TI Dehydration and melting experiments constrain the fate of subducted sediments SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE island arc magmatism; mineral/fluid partitioning; subduction zone magmatism; partition coefficients AB Geochemical tracers demonstrate that elements are cycled from subducted sediments into the arc melting regime at subduction zones, although the transfer mechanism is poorly understood. Are key elements (Th, Be, Rb) lost during sediment dehydration or is sediment melting required? To investigate this question, we conducted phase equilibria and trace element partitioning experiments on a pelagic red clay for conditions appropriate to the slab beneath arc volcanoes (2-4 GPa, 600 degrees -1000 degrees C). Using both piston cylinders and multianvils, we determined the solidus, phase stabilities, and major element compositions of coexisting phases. The solidus (H2O + Cl fluid-saturated) was located at 775 +/- 25 degrees C at 2 GPa, 810 +/- 15 degrees C at 3 GPa, and 1025 +/- 25 degrees C at 4 GPa with noevidence for complete miscibility between melt and fluid. This sediment composition produces a profusion of phases both above and below the solidus: garnet, jadeitic pyroxene, alkali-rich amphibole, phengite, biotite, magnetite, coesite, kyanite, apatite, zircon, Cl-rich fluids, and peraluminous to peralkaline granitic melts. At 2 GPa the phengite dehydration solidus is at 800 degrees-825 degrees C, while biotite breaks down between 850 degrees and 900 degrees C. To explore trace element partitioning across the solidus at 2 GPa, we used diamonds to trap fluids and melts. Both the bulk sediment residues and diamond traps were analyzed postexperiment by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) for 40 elements for which we calculated bulk partition coefficients (D = C-solid/C-fluid). Below the solidus, Rb, Sr, Ba, and Pb showed the greatest mobility (D similar to 0.5-1.0), while at the solidus, Th and Be became notably partitioned into the melt (D values changing from >2.0 to <1.0). K and Rb D values fall below 1.0 when the micas breakdown. Only at the solidus do Th and Rb attain similar partition coefficients, a condition required by arc data. Taken together, the experimental results indicate that critical elements (Th and Be) require sediment melting to be efficiently transferred to the arc. This conclusion is at odds with most thermal models for subduction zones, which predict slab temperatures more than 100 degrees C lower than sediment solidi. Thus the condition of sediment melting (with oceanic crust dehydration) may provide new constraints on the next generation of thermal/geodynamical models of subduction zones. C1 [Johnson, Marie C.] US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Plank, Terry] Univ Kansas, Dept Geol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Johnson, MC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM marie-johnson@usma.edu; tplank@bu.edu RI Plank, Terry/D-9542-2012 FU NSF [EAR-9696095, EAR-9506730, EAR-9413547] FX Our experimental approaches and geological interpretations were greatly influenced by helpful discussions with John Halloway, Dave Walker, Simon Peacock, Peter Wyllie, Geoff Nichols, James Brenan, Tim Elliott, Geoff Abers, and George Harlow. We thank Charlie Mandeville, Dan Gravatt, David Darwin, and Dan Kremser for their expert and generous help with analytical equipment. We sincerely thank Simon Turner and an anonymous reviewer for their timely and helpful comments that greatly improved this manuscript. This research was supported by NSF grants EAR-9696095, EAR-9506730, and EAR-9413547. NR 61 TC 101 Z9 103 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD DEC 13 PY 1999 VL 1 AR 1007 DI 10.1029/1999GC000014 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA V22IR UT WOS:000208269400005 ER PT J AU Friedlander, AM Pittman, PR Parker, GW AF Friedlander, AM Pittman, PR Parker, GW TI Anthrax vaccine - Evidence for safety and efficacy against inhalational anthrax SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; GUINEA-PIGS; SPORE CHALLENGE; ADJUVANTS C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Friedlander, AM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 21 TC 125 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 8 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 22 BP 2104 EP 2106 DI 10.1001/jama.282.22.2104 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 260UG UT WOS:000083971400002 PM 10591317 ER PT J AU Taylor, AJ Gorman, PD Farb, A Hoopes, TG Virmani, R AF Taylor, AJ Gorman, PD Farb, A Hoopes, TG Virmani, R TI Long-term coronary vascular response to P-32 beta-particle-emitting stents in a canine model SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 71st Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association Meeting CY NOV 08-12, 1998 CL DALLAS, TEXAS SP Amer Heart Assoc DE stents; radiotherapy; radioisotopes; restenosis; revascularization ID MUSCLE CELL-PROLIFERATION; GROWTH-FACTOR BETA-1; CAROTID-ARTERY; DOSE-RESPONSE; RADIATION; RESTENOSIS; IRRADIATION; INHIBITION; HYPERPLASIA; ANGIOPLASTY AB Background-The arterial placement of P-32 beta-particle-emiting stents in various experimental animal models results in discordant effects on neointimal formation. We studied the vascular effects of beta-particle-emitting stents in normal canine coronary arteries because compared with pigs and rabbits, the canine model may more closely mimic the vascular response of humans. Methods and Results-Thirty stents (control nonradioactive, n = 10; low-activity P-32, 3.5 to 6.0 mu Ci. n = 11; high-activity P-32, 6.5 to 14.4 mu Ci, n = 8) were implanted in normal canine coronary arteries through the use of a single balloon inflation at nominal pressure. Histological analysis after 15 weeks included the measurement of neointimal and adventitial area and thickness. Neointimal fibrin area was measured with the use of computer-assisted color segmentation on Movat pentachrome sections. Luminal stenosis was significantly increased in P-32 stents compared with control stents (44.6 +/- 16.8% versus 32.7 +/- 10.8%; P = 0.05) and was highest in the high-activity group (45.5 +/- 24.3%). No evidence of an "edge effect" was seen in adjacent, nonstented coronary segments. All P-32 stents showed incomplete vascular healing as indicated by a dose-dependent increase in fibrin area with increasing stent activity. Arterial radiation resulted in a decrease in adventitial size, which was maximal for high-activity P-32 stents, indicating an inhibitory effect on the adventitial response to injury. Conclusions-P-32 beta-particle-emitting stents have adverse vascular effects at 15 weeks in the canine normal coronary artery model. Vascular brachytherapy with this device causes increased neointimal formation and prominent, dose-dependent lack of healing. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Div Cardiovasc, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Hematol & Vasc Biol, Washington, DC USA. RP Virmani, R (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Div Cardiovasc, 14th St & Alaska Ave NW, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD DEC 7 PY 1999 VL 100 IS 23 BP 2366 EP 2372 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 263LM UT WOS:000084126200012 PM 10587342 ER PT J AU Karwacki, CJ Buchanan, JH Mahle, JJ Buettner, LC Wagner, GW AF Karwacki, CJ Buchanan, JH Mahle, JJ Buettner, LC Wagner, GW TI Effect of temperature on the desorption and decomposition of mustard from activated carbon SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article AB Experimental data are reported for the desorption of bis-2-chloroethyl sulfide, (a sulfur mustard or HD) and its decomposition products from activated coconut shell carbon (CSC). The results show that under equilibrium conditions changes in the HD partial pressure are affected primarily by its loading and temperature of the adsorbent. The partial pressure of adsorbed HD is found to increase by about a decade for each 25 degrees C increase in temperature for CSC containing 0.01-0.1 g/g HD. Adsorption equilibria of HD appear to be little affected by coadsorbed water. Although complicated by its decomposition, the distribution of adsorbed HD (of known amount) appears to occupy pores of similar energy whether dry or in the presence of adsorbed water. On dry CSC adsorbed HD appears stable, while in the presence of water its decomposition is marked by hydrolysis at low temperature and thermal decomposition at elevated temperatures. The principal volatile products desorbed are 1,4-thioxahe, 2-chloroethyl vinyl sulfide and 1,4-dithiane, with the latter favoring elevated temperatures. C1 USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Geo Ctr Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Karwacki, CJ (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 7 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 25 BP 8645 EP 8650 DI 10.1021/la9900324 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 263GK UT WOS:000084116900017 ER PT J AU Agrawal, PM Rice, BM Sorescu, DC Thompson, DL AF Agrawal, PM Rice, BM Sorescu, DC Thompson, DL TI NPT-MC simulations of enhanced solubility of RDX in polar-modified supercritical CO2 SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo simulation; supercritical fluid; carbon dioxide; 1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine (RDX); molecular simulation; chemical potential; solubility ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FLUID EXTRACTION; MIXTURES; MATRICES; DENSITY; OCTANE; PHASE; ACID AB Isothermal-isobaric Monte Carlo (NPT-MC) simulations and the Widom test particle method were used to explore the degree of enhancement of solubility of the explosive 1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine (RDX) in supercritical CO2 in the presence of small amounts of polar modifiers. Solubilities of RDX in supercritical CO2 mixtures containing DMSO, CH3CN or CH3OH were calculated and compared to results of RDX solubilities in pure supercritical CO2. The effect of dipole moment, concentration, temperature, pressure, RDX-modifier interaction strength, and effective size of the modifiers on the degree of solubility enhancement were explored. Results suggest that solubility is sensitive to the combined effects of dipole moment, concentration of the modifier, RDX-modifier interaction strength and effective size. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Rice, BM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD DEC 2 PY 1999 VL 166 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1016/S0378-3812(99)00292-7 PG 19 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 265RT UT WOS:000084257700001 ER PT J AU Doherty, JF Pinder, M Tornieporth, N Carton, C Vigneron, L Milligan, P Ballou, WR Holland, CA Kester, KE Voss, G Momin, P Greenwood, BM McAdam, KPWJ Cohen, J AF Doherty, JF Pinder, M Tornieporth, N Carton, C Vigneron, L Milligan, P Ballou, WR Holland, CA Kester, KE Voss, G Momin, P Greenwood, BM McAdam, KPWJ Cohen, J TI A phase I safety and immunogenicity trial with the candidate malaria vaccine RTS,S/SBAS2 in semi-immune adults in the Gambia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; SPF66; EFFICACY; CHILDREN AB RTS,S is a novel pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine based on the circumsporozoite surface protein (CSP) of Plasmodium falciparum linked to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs) and combined with a novel adjuvant system (SBAS2). We have conducted a Phase I trial with three doses of this vaccine given at 0, 1, and 6 months to 20 semi-immune, adult, male volunteers in The Gambia to assess its safety and immunogenicity. Eighteen of the 20 volunteers completed the study. There were no clinically significant local or systemic adverse events following each vaccination. Hematologic and biochemical indices before and two weeks after each vaccination showed no evidence of toxicity. Antibody titers to both CSP and HBs showed a significant increase after vaccination; these were the largest after the third dose. We conclude that the RTS,S/SBAS2 vaccine induces no significant toxicity in this semi-immune population and produces significant increases in antibody titers to CSP. C1 MRC Labs, Banjul, Senegal. SmithKline Beecham Biol, B-1330 Rixensart, Belgium. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Div Communicable Dis & Infect, Washington, DC 20307 USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1E 7HT, England. RP Doherty, JF (reprint author), MRC Labs, POB 273, Banjul, Senegal. RI Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011; Holland, Carolyn/B-7880-2011; Milligan, Paul/D-8985-2017 OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802; Milligan, Paul/0000-0003-3430-3395 NR 7 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 61 IS 6 BP 865 EP 868 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 281PE UT WOS:000085169200004 PM 10674660 ER PT J AU Taylor, DN Cardenas, V Perez, J Puga, R Svennerholm, AM AF Taylor, DN Cardenas, V Perez, J Puga, R Svennerholm, AM TI Safety, immunogenicity, and lot stability of the whole cell/recombinant B subunit (WC/rCTB) cholera vaccine in Peruvian adults and children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID FIELD TRIAL; SWEDISH VOLUNTEERS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; CELL VACCINE; BANGLADESH AB To assess the safety, immunogenicity, and lot stability of the whole cell/recombinant B subunit cholera vaccine, 2 lots manufactured in June 1991 and February 1992 were tested in January 1995. Two oral doses of vaccine or placebo given 2 weeks apart were given with buffer to 216 Peruvian adults and children. Symptoms were elicited for 3 days after each dose. Serum and plasma specimens obtained from each volunteer before vaccination and 10-14 days after the second dose were tested for vibriocidal and anti-cholera toxin antibodies. The vaccine was well-tolerated. Nearly half of the 100 vaccinees had pre-vaccination vibpiocidal titers greater than or equal to 1:40. Elevated titers were observed in 22% of 37 children 2-5 years of age compared with 66% of 63 vaccinees 6-65 years (P < 0.001). A greater than or equal to 2-fold serum vibriocidal response was observed in 55% of 100 vaccinees and 6% of 32 placebo recipients. An elevated prevaccination titer (greater than or equal to 1:40) did not change the proportion of vaccinees who responded with a greater than or equal to 2-fold increase in vibriocidal titer (51% versus 59%, difference not significant), but did change the proportion responding with a greater than or equal to 4-fold increase (41% versus 22%; P < 0.05). The vibriocidal seroconversion rate was lowest in children 2-5 years old despite low pre-vaccination titers. Two-fold or greater serum antitoxic responses in IgA and IgG were observed in >90% of the vaccinees; greater than or equal to 4-fold responses were seen in 65-70% of the vaccinees with a 6-8-fold increase over baseline. Plasma specimens were as good as sera for determining anti-toxic antibodies by ELISA, but were less satisfactory for determining vibriocidal antibody titers. C1 Naval Med Res Inst Detachment, Lima, Peru. Proyectos Informat Salud Med & Agr, Lima, Peru. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Gothenburg, Sweden. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Taylor, DN (reprint author), Naval Med Res Inst Detachment, Lima, Peru. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 61 IS 6 BP 869 EP 873 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 281PE UT WOS:000085169200005 PM 10674661 ER PT J AU Craig, SC Pittman, PR Lewis, TE Rossi, CA Henchal, EA Kuschner, RA Martinez, C Kohlhase, KF Cuthie, JC Welch, GE Sanchez, JL AF Craig, SC Pittman, PR Lewis, TE Rossi, CA Henchal, EA Kuschner, RA Martinez, C Kohlhase, KF Cuthie, JC Welch, GE Sanchez, JL TI An accelerated schedule for tick-borne encephalitis vaccine: The American military experience in Bosnia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODIES; VIRUS; RISK AB Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral illness endemic to the Balkan region. United States military forces were deployed to Bosnia in early 1996 as part of Operation Joint Endeavor, a U.S.-led multinational peace keeping operation. To counteract the TBE threat, an inactivated, parenteral vaccine (FSME-Immun Injecto(R); Immune AG, Vienna, Austria) was offered to soldiers at high risk on a volunteer basis in an accelerated, 3-dose schedule (0, 7, and 28 days). Passive adverse reaction surveillance was conducted on 3,981 vaccinated personnel. Paired sera from a randomly selected group of 1,913 deployed personnel (954 who received vaccine and 959 who were unvaccinated) were tested for antibodies to TBE by an ELISA. Three-dose recipients demonstrated an 80% seroconversion rate (4-fold or greater increase in anti-TBE titers). By comparison, the TBE infection rate in the unvaccinated cohort was found to be only 0.42% (4 of 959). Only 0.18% of vaccinees reported self-limited symptoms. An accelerated immunization schedule appears to be an acceptable option for military personnel or travelers on short-term notice to TBE-endemic areas. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Med, Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Craig, SC (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 17 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 61 IS 6 BP 874 EP 878 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 281PE UT WOS:000085169200006 PM 10674662 ER PT J AU Byrd, JC White, CA Link, B Lucas, MS Velasquez, WS Rosenberg, J Grillo-Lopez, AJ AF Byrd, JC White, CA Link, B Lucas, MS Velasquez, WS Rosenberg, J Grillo-Lopez, AJ TI Rituximab therapy in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: Preliminary evidence of clinical activity SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anti-CD20; monoclonal antibodies; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Rituxan; Rituximab; Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY THERAPY; FLUDARABINE; LYMPHOMA AB To assess the preliminary efficacy of rituximab therapy in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM), we examined the clinical and laboratory data for all patients with WM treated on IDEC Pharmaceuticals sponsored trials and one patient treated at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Seven symptomatic patients with WM were treated with four (n = 6) or eight (n = 1) weekly infusions of rituximab (375 mg/m(2)). Patients had received a median of three prior therapies (range 1-4) which included alkylator therapy in all (five patients refractory) and fludarabine in four (all refractory). Therapy was tolerated well in all patients without decrement in cellular immune function or significant infectious morbidity. Partial responses were noted in three of these patients, including two with fludarabine-refractory disease. The median progression-free survival for these patients was 6.6 months (range 2.2-29+ months). These data suggest that rituximab has clinical activity in heavily pre-treated patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Based on these data, clinical studies of Rituximab in previously untreated and treated WM appear indicated. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Hematol Oncol, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Div Hematol Malignancies, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. IDEC Pharmaceut Corp, Div Med & Regulatory Affairs, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. Univ Texas, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Byrd, JC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Hematol Oncol, Hematol Oncol Serv, Ward 78, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 12 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 10 IS 12 BP 1525 EP 1527 DI 10.1023/A:1008350208019 PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 278TL UT WOS:000085005000030 PM 10643548 ER PT J AU Kinnamon, KE Engle, RR Poon, BT Ellis, WY McCall, JW Dzimianski, MT AF Kinnamon, KE Engle, RR Poon, BT Ellis, WY McCall, JW Dzimianski, MT TI Polyamines: agents with macrofilaricidal activity SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE DECARBOXYLASE; L-METHIONINE DECARBOXYLASE; ONCHOCERCA-VOLVULUS; PENTAMIDINE; INHIBITION; FILARIASIS; BERENIL; JIRD AB There is a need for effective macrofilaricidal drugs. The polyamine metabolism of filarial worms has been recognized as a possible target for effective drug action. In an attempt to identify agents that might provide leads in developing an effective macrofilaricide, 78 polyamine compounds were selected from among > 250 000 structures that have been amassed by the Waiter Reed Army Institute of Research, in the U.S.A. These thousands of agents have been chosen principally for drug-development programmes for other parasitic diseases. The 78 prospective drugs selected were evaluated for their macrofilaricidal activity against Brugia pahangi and Acanthocheilonema viteae, in male Mongolian jirds (Meriones unguiculatus). The animal models using these two parasites were designed to mimic, in so far as possible, human lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, respectively. Thirteen of the compounds were found to be active although none of these has been previously reported to be macrofilaricidal. Two were suppressive for B. pahangi and 11 for A. viteae. These active agents may represent a nucleus around which highly effective drugs can be synthesised. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Parasitol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Kinnamon, KE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 93 IS 8 BP 851 EP 858 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 276UJ UT WOS:000084895500008 PM 10715679 ER PT J AU Lee, JW Yeomans, WG Allen, AL Deng, F Gross, RA Kaplan, DL AF Lee, JW Yeomans, WG Allen, AL Deng, F Gross, RA Kaplan, DL TI Biosynthesis of novel exopolymers by Aureobasidium pullulans SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT PULLULAN; POLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION; REDUCED PIGMENTATION; ZOOGLOEA-RAMIGERA; BATCH CULTURE; PH; FERMENTATION; ELABORATION; TRANSPORT; SUBSTRATE AB Aureobasidium pullulans ATCC 42023 was cultured under aerobic conditions with glucose, mannose, and glucose analogs as energy sources. The exopolymer extracts produced under these conditions were composed of glucose and mannose, The molar ratio of glucose to mannose in the exopolymer extract and the molecular weight of the exopolymer varied depending on the energy source and culture time. The glucose content of exopolymer extracts formed with glucose and mannose as the carbon sources was between 91 and 87%. The molecular weight decreased from 3.5 x 10(6) to 2.12 x 10(6) to 0.85 x 10(6) to 0.77 x 10(6) with culture time. As the culture time increased, the glucose content of the exopolymer extract formed with glucosamine decreased from 55 +/- 3 to 29 +/- 2 mol%, and the molecular weight increased from 2.73 x 10(6) to 3.86 x 10(6). There was no evidence that glucosamine was directly incorporated into exopolymers, The molar ratios of glucose to mannose in exopolymer extracts ranged from 87 +/- 3:13 +/- 3 to 28 +/- 2:72 +/- 2 and were affected by the energy source added. On the basis of the results of an enzyme hydrolysis analysis of the exopolymer extracts and the compositional changes observed, mannose (a repeating unit) was substituted for glucose, which gave rise to a new family of exopolymer analogs. C1 Polytech Univ, Polymer Res Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. Dong A Univ, Pusan 604714, South Korea. USA, Div Biotechnol, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Biotechnol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Gross, RA (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Polymer Res Inst, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. NR 46 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 65 IS 12 BP 5265 EP 5271 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 261XV UT WOS:000084036800012 PM 10583975 ER PT J AU Gill, RT Valdes, JJ Bentley, WE AF Gill, RT Valdes, JJ Bentley, WE TI Reverse transcription-PCR differential display analysis of Escherichia coli global gene regulation in response to heat shock SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARBITRARILY PRIMED PCR; RNA; ELECTROPHORESIS; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCES; PROTEINS; GROWTH AB A reverse transcription (RT)-PCR technique was developed to analyze global gene regulation in Escherichia coli. A novel combination of primers designed specifically for the start and stop regions of E. coli genes (based on the findings of Fislage et al. [R, Fislage, M, Berceanu, Y, Humboldt, M. Wendt, and N. Oberender, Nucleic Acids Res. 25:1830-1835, 1997]) was used as an alternative to the poly(T) primers often used in eukaryotic RT-PCR. The validity of the technique was demonstrated by applying it to heat shock analysis, Specifically, RT-PCR-amplified total RNA from heat-shocked and non-heat-shocked cells were hybridized with slot blots of the Kohara set (U, Kohara, K, Akiyama, and K. Isono, Cell 50:495-508, 1987; S. Chuang, D, Daniels, and F. Blattner, J, Bacteriol. 175:2026-2036, 1993), The signals obtained for heat-shocked and control cultures of each clone were compared, and differences in intensity were evaluated by calculating induction ratios. Clones that were considered significantly induced were subsequently mapped by the Southern blot technique in order to determine specific gene upregulation, Also, for several genes, Northern blotting and total RNA dot blotting were performed to confirm that the transcript levels in the original RNA samples were different. This technique extended previously described methods for studying global gene regulation in E, coli by incorporating a PCR amplification step in which global, mRNA-specific primers were used. In addition, the method employed here can be easily extended to study E. coli global gene regulation in response to additional environmental stimuli. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Agr Biotechnol Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Bentley, WE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 65 IS 12 BP 5386 EP 5393 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 261XV UT WOS:000084036800030 PM 10583993 ER PT J AU Chen, CB Hegg, RG Johnson, WT King, WB Rock, DF Spande, R AF Chen, CB Hegg, RG Johnson, WT King, WB Rock, DF Spande, R TI Visible-band testbed projector with a replicated diffractive optical element SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB Raytheon has designed, fabricated, and tested a diffractive-optical-element-based (DOE-based) testbed projector for direct and indirect visual optical applications. By use of a low-cost replicated DOE surface from Rochester Photonics Corporation for color correction the projector optics bettered the modular transfer function of an equivalent commercial camera lens. The testbed demonstrates that a practical DOE-based optical system is suitable for both visual applications (e.g., head-mounted displays) and visual projection (e.g., tactical sensors). The need for and the proper application of DOE's in visual optical systems, the nature and the performance of the projector optical design, and test results are described. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 050.0050, 050.1380, 050.1970, 230.0230, 290.0290, 220.0220. C1 Raytheon Syst Co, Sensors & Elect Syst Segment, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. USA, CECOM, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Chen, CB (reprint author), Raytheon Syst Co, Sensors & Elect Syst Segment, 2000 E El Segundo Blvd,POB 902, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. EM wbking@west.raytheon.com NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 34 BP 7105 EP 7111 DI 10.1364/AO.38.007105 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 261RV UT WOS:000084023500017 PM 18324257 ER PT J AU Gibson, CP Snider, DM AF Gibson, CP Snider, DM TI Civil-military relations and the potential to influence: A look at the national security decision-making process SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IUS Biennial Conference CY OCT 25, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND AB This article argues that the civil-military turbulence witnessed at the outset of the Clinton Administration was a contemporary manifestation of longer-term systemic trends of professional preparation among top-level civilian and military officials. The U.S. military since Vietnam has altered its attitude towards political-military knowledge, experience, and higher education. At the same time, civilian officials have declined in national security expertise-this trend partially caused by the end of the draft and the civilian reaction to Vietnam. The confluence of an increasingly politically savvy military and less militarily experienced civilian leadership has resulted in more military influence in the national security decision-making process. When civilian and military preferences diverged in 1993, civil-military tension heightened as military arguments prevailed. However, the key to restoring the balance in U.S. civil-military relations lies not in restraining military behavior, but in enhancing and promoting civilian professional preparation. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Gibson, CP (reprint author), 3012 Q St NW 1, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 60 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA DEPT 4010, RUTGERS UNIV, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD WIN PY 1999 VL 25 IS 2 BP 193 EP + DI 10.1177/0095327X9902500202 PG 27 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 187FW UT WOS:000079777000001 ER PT J AU Chiang, PK Chamberlin, ME Nicholson, D Soubes, S Su, XZ Subramanian, G Lanar, DE Prigge, ST Scovill, JP Miller, LH Chou, JY AF Chiang, PK Chamberlin, ME Nicholson, D Soubes, S Su, XZ Subramanian, G Lanar, DE Prigge, ST Scovill, JP Miller, LH Chou, JY TI Molecular characterization of Plasmodium falciparum S-adenosylmethionine synthetase SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE phylogeny; cycloleucine; modelling; chromosome ID METHIONINE ADENOSYLTRANSFERASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENE; METHYLATION; PHYLOGENIES; EXPRESSION; DEFICIENCY; HYDROLASE; MALARIA AB S-Adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) synthetase (SAMS : EC 2.5.1.6) catalyses the formation of AdoMet from methionine and ATP. We have cloned a gene for Plasmodium falciparum AdoMet synthetase (PfSAMS) (GenBank accession no. AF097923), consisting of 1209 base pairs with no introns, The gene encodes a polypeptide (PRAMS) of 402 amino acids with a molecular mass of 44844 Da, and has an overall base composition of 67% A + T. PfSAMS is probably a single copy gene, and was mapped to chromosome 9, The PfSAMS protein is highly homologous to all other SAMS, including a conserved motif for the phosphate-binding P-loop, HGGGAFSGKD, and the signature hexapeptide, GAGDQG. All the active-site amino acids for the binding of ADP, P-i and metal ions are similarly preserved, matching entirely those of human hepatic SAMS and Escherichia coli SAMS. Molecular modelling of PfSAMS guided by the Xray crystal structure of E. coli SAMS indicates that PRAMS binds ATP/Mg2+ in a manner similar to that seen in the E, coli SAMS structure. However, the PfSAMS model shows that it can not form tetramers as does E. coli SAMS, and is probably a dimer instead. There was a differential sensitivity towards the inhibition by cycloleucine between the expressed PfSAMS and the human hepatic SAMS with K-i values of 17 and 10 mM, respectively. Based on phylogenetic analysis using protein parsimony and neighbour-joining algorithms, the malarial PfSAMS is closely related to SAMS of other protozoans and plants. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Chiang, PK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Lanar, David/B-3560-2011; OI Su, Xinzhuan/0000-0003-3246-3248 NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 3AJ, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD DEC 1 PY 1999 VL 344 BP 571 EP 576 DI 10.1042/0264-6021:3440571 PN 2 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 265VT UT WOS:000084267200036 PM 10567242 ER PT J AU Pruitt, BA AF Pruitt, BA TI The development of the International Society for Burn Injuries and progress in burn care: the whole is greater than the sum of its parts SO BURNS LA English DT Editorial Material ID INHALATION INJURY; TEMPERATURE C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, USA,Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. RP Pruitt, BA (reprint author), USA, Lib Branch, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 115 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-4179 J9 BURNS JI Burns PD DEC PY 1999 VL 25 IS 8 BP 683 EP 696 DI 10.1016/S0305-4179(99)00112-6 PG 14 WC Critical Care Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA 266BW UT WOS:000084281600001 PM 10630848 ER PT J AU Morris, MJ Deal, LE Bean, DR Grbach, VX Morgan, JA AF Morris, MJ Deal, LE Bean, DR Grbach, VX Morgan, JA TI Vocal cord dysfunction in patients with exertional dyspnea SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE exercise testing; exertional dyspnea; flow-volume loops; laryngoscopy; methacholine; pulmonary function testing; vocal cord dysfunction ID EXERCISE-INDUCED ASTHMA; INDUCED BRONCHOSPASM; MOTION AB Study objectives: To evaluate patients for vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) in a military population presenting with symptoms of exertional dyspnea, Design: Cross-sectional, controlled study. Setting: Pulmonary disease clinic at an army tertiary care center. Patients: Forty military patients with complaints of exertional dyspnea and 12 military asymptomatic control subjects. Intervention: Patients underwent direct visualization of vocal cords with flexible laryngoscopy before and after exercise to evaluate for presence of inspiratory vocal cord adduction. Measurements and results: Complete evaluation for all patients consisted of spirometry with flow-volume loops, lung volumes, diffusing capacity, and maximum voluntary ventilation at I,est; chest radiograph; methacholine bronchoprovocation testing; and a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test with expiratory gas analysis. Fifteen percent of patients studied prospectively were found to have VCD, whereas all control subjects were negative for VCD, There was minimal difference in pulmonary function testing between VCD-positive and VCD-negative patients, whereas control subjects had higher spirometric values. Twenty percent of VCD-positive patients had abnormal flow-volume loops compared with 14% of patients without VCD, but after methacholine, 60% of VCD-positive patients developed abnormal flow-volume loops. Tn the VCD-positive group, 60% had a positive methacholine response, but there was less decrease in FEV1/FVC ratio compared with either VCD-negative patients or control subjects. Conclusions: Paradoxical inspiratory vocal cord closure is a frequent occurrence in patients with symptoms of exertional dyspnea and should be strongly considered in their evaluation. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Pulm Crit Care Serv, MICHE, MDP,Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Speech Pathol Otolaryngol Head & Neck Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Morris, MJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Pulm Crit Care Serv, MICHE, MDP,Dept Med, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 16 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD DEC PY 1999 VL 116 IS 6 BP 1676 EP 1682 DI 10.1378/chest.116.6.1676 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 266HC UT WOS:000084293700031 PM 10593794 ER PT J AU Peoples, GE Anderson, BW Lee, TV Murray, JL Kudelka, AP Wharton, JT Ioannides, CG AF Peoples, GE Anderson, BW Lee, TV Murray, JL Kudelka, AP Wharton, JT Ioannides, CG TI Vaccine implications of folate binding protein, a novel cytotoxic T lymphocyte-recognized antigen system in epithelial cancers SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN; CELL LUNG-CANCER; OVARIAN-CANCER; HER2/NEU-DERIVED PEPTIDE; HER-2/NEU PROTOONCOGENE; IN-VITRO; BREAST; IMMUNOTHERAPY; TROPHOBLAST; SENSITIVITY AB The immune system can be efficiently stimulated and targeted to specific antigens expressed exclusively or preferentially by experimental cancers. The foremost limitations to extending this vaccine technology to the prevalent epithelial-derived cancers are the lack of: (a) identified tumor-associated antigens recognized by cellular immunity; (b) antigens expressed on the majority of tumor cells during disease progression; and (c) immunogenic CTL epitopes, To date, only HER-2/neu has been shown to be the source of naturally occurring, MHC-restricted, CTL-recognized peptides in epithelial tumors. In this study, we demonstrate that the human high-affinity folate binding protein (FBP), which is a source of antigenic peptides recognized in ovarian cancer, is also recognized in breast cancer. Both immunodominant E39 (FBP, 191-199) and subdominant E41 (FBP, 245-253) epitopes are presented by HLA-A2 in these cancers. These peptides are efficient at amplifying the response of tumor-associated lymphocyte populations in terms of lytic function, enhanced proliferation, and specific IFN-gamma release. On a per cell basis, tumor-associated lymphocytes stimulated with the FBP peptides exhibit enhanced cytotoxicity not only against peptide-loaded targets but also against FBP-expressing epithelial tumors of different histologies, Furthermore, FBP peptides induced E39-specific CTLs and E39- and E41-specific IFN-gamma and IP-10 secretion in certain healthy donors. The broad distribution of FBP among >90% of ovarian and endometrial carcinomas, as well as 20-50% of breast, lung, colorectal, and renal cell carcinomas, along,vith pronounced differential overexpression in malignant tissues compared with the extremely limited expression in normal epithelium, suggests the exciting potential of a widely applicable FBP-based vaccine in epithelial cancers. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Immunol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Gynecol Med Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Bioimmunotherapy, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Surg Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Gynecol Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Peoples, GE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bldg 2,5C27B, Washington, DC 20307 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 16672] NR 40 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 12 BP 4214 EP 4223 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 267TR UT WOS:000084375800046 PM 10632363 ER PT J AU Janik, JE Miller, LL Kopp, WC Taub, DD Dawson, H Stevens, D Kostboth, P Curti, BD Conlon, KC Dunn, BK Donegan, SE Ullrich, R Alvord, WG Gause, BL Longo, DL AF Janik, JE Miller, LL Kopp, WC Taub, DD Dawson, H Stevens, D Kostboth, P Curti, BD Conlon, KC Dunn, BK Donegan, SE Ullrich, R Alvord, WG Gause, BL Longo, DL TI Treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor increases epidermal Langerhans' cell numbers in cancer patients SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOSTIMULATORY DENDRITIC CELLS; HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS; C-KIT-LIGAND; ANTITUMOR IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; BONE-MARROW PRECURSORS; GENERATED IN-VITRO; HUMAN BLOOD; TNF-ALPHA; NONLYMPHOID TISSUES AB Dendritic cells (DCs) initiate primary and stimulate secondary T-cell responses. We conducted a phase I trial of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in patients with cancer to increase DCs in peripheral blood or skin based on in vitro data that showed that CD34(+) hematopoietic precursors require these cytokines to mature into functional antigen-presenting DCs. Eleven patients mere treated for 7 days with GM-CSF, 125 mu g/m(2) twice daily as subcutaneous injections, and TNF-alpha as a continuous infusion at dose levels of 25, 50, or 100 mu g/m(2)/day. The maximum tolerated dose of TNF-alpha was 50 mu g/m(2)/day with this dose of GM-CSF; dose-limiting toxicities occurred in both patients treated with 100 mu g/m(2)/day. One became thrombocytopenic and the other had transient confusion. Epidermal Langerhans' cells were quantitated by S100 staining of skin biopsies and DC precursors in peripheral blood by colony-forming unit dendritic (CFU-dendritic) assays. S100-positive cells in the epidermis doubled after treatment (2.55 S100(+) cells/high-powerheld before treatment to 6.05 after treatment, p = 0.029). CFU-dendritic in peripheral blood increased after treatment in 3 colorectal cancer patients but not in 3 patients with melanoma. CD11c(+) or CD123(+), HLA-DRbright, lineage-negative dendritic cell precursors were not increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This trial demonstrates that treatment with TNF-alpha and GM-CSF can increase the number of DCs in the skin and the number of dendritic cell precursors in the blood of some patients with cancer. This approach may increase the efficacy of vaccination to tumor antigens in cancer patients. C1 NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Biol Response Modifiers Programme, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, SAIC Frederick, Clin Serv Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, SAIC Frederick, Data Management Serv Inc, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Reeders Mem Home, Boonsboro, MD USA. Frederick Mem Hosp, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Janik, JE (reprint author), NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Biol Response Modifiers Programme, 501 W 7th St,Suite 3, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 NR 54 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 93 IS 3 BP 209 EP 221 DI 10.1006/clim.1999.4778 PG 13 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 263VC UT WOS:000084145100004 PM 10600331 ER PT J AU Rowles, DM Fraser, SL AF Rowles, DM Fraser, SL TI Amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC)-associated hypertension: Case report and review SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Amphotericin B (AmB) continues to be the mainstay of therapy for serious fungal infections, despite ifs relatively toxic side-effect profile. Lipid preparations of the medication have been marketed in the past few years in an attempt to reduce same of these side effects, especially nephrotoxicity. Although 6 cases of severe hypertension associated with the use of AmB deoxycholate have been reported in the literature, no cases of hypertension associated with a Lipid-containing preparation of the medication have been reported. We report here the first case of severe hypertension associated with the infusion of AmB lipid complex (ABLC)in a patient with multiple intraperitoneal and urinary fungal pathogens. We also provide a brief review of the previously reported cases of hypertension associated with the deoxycholate formulation of AmB. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Rowles, DM (reprint author), 74th MDOS-SGOM,4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1564 EP 1565 DI 10.1086/313533 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 273DW UT WOS:000084693400043 PM 10585814 ER PT J AU Wortmann, GW Bennett, SP AF Wortmann, GW Bennett, SP TI Fatal meningitis due to levofloxacin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm Crit Care Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Wortmann, GW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 4 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1599 EP 1600 DI 10.1086/313557 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 273DW UT WOS:000084693400066 PM 10585837 ER PT J AU Hwang, I Kulas, PM Starnes, BW Balingit, AG Shriver, CD AF Hwang, I Kulas, PM Starnes, BW Balingit, AG Shriver, CD TI Incidental defection of carcinoid with Tc-99m-labeled carcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal antibody scintigraphy during evaluation of metastatic colon cancer SO CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE arcitumomab; carcinoembryonic antigen; carcinoid; colorectal carcinoma; monoclonal antibody; scintigraphy ID TUMOR C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Nucl Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Hwang, I (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Nucl Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-9762 J9 CLIN NUCL MED JI Clin. Nucl. Med. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 24 IS 12 BP 978 EP 979 DI 10.1097/00003072-199912000-00016 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 260EH UT WOS:000083936200016 PM 10595482 ER PT J AU Davis, RE Elder, K Howlett, D Bouzaglou, E AF Davis, RE Elder, K Howlett, D Bouzaglou, E TI Relating storm and weather factors to dry slab avalanche activity at Alta, Utah, and Mammoth Mountain, California, using classification and regression trees SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Snow Science Workshop CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1998 CL SUNRIVER, OREGON DE avalanche; snow accumulation; snow cover stability; avalanche forecasting ID SNOW; LAYER AB Using classification and regression tree models, we evaluated 31 factors in terms of their importance to explaining avalanche activity indices at two ski areas: Alta, UT and Mammoth Mountain, CA. This study derived new empirical factors that combined wind velocity with new snow amount, air temperatures with time, and total snow depth with time. The analyses created over-fit tree models in exploring structures inherent in the data to obtain the relative ranking and scores of various combinations of the 31 factors. Avalanche activity indices included maximum size, number of releases and sum of sizes of released avalanches, Results showed that time lagged conventional factors describing snowfall and derived wind-drift parameters ranked highest in all tests. Snow drift factors segregated into prominent wind directions showed only moderate importance. Among the non-storm factors, the starting snow depth of a particular year ranked highest showing the importance of interannual variability. This was followed by the accumulated vapor pressure difference, which we formulated to better describe the conditioning of old snow with age. The average snow depth increase and other factors followed in importance. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Earth Resources, Ft Collins, CO USA. Alta Ski Lift, Alta, UT USA. Mammoth Mt Ski Area, Mommoth Lakes, CA USA. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 30 IS 1-3 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1016/S0165-232X(99)00032-4 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 279KB UT WOS:000085042000009 ER PT J AU Johnson, JB Schneebeli, M AF Johnson, JB Schneebeli, M TI Characterizing the microstructural and micromechanical properties of snow SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Snow Science Workshop CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1998 CL SUNRIVER, OREGON DE snow hardness; snow engineering; snow strength; snow mechanics AB A micropenetrometer has been developed that produces snow grain bond ruptures at the microstructural level and provides a unique signal for different snow types. A micromechanical theory of penetration has been developed and used to recover microstructural and micromechanical parameters for different snow types from the penetration force-distance signal. These parameters are the microstructural element dimension, the mean grain size, the critical microstructural deflection at rupture and the microstructural coefficient of elasticity. Additional derived mechanical properties include the compression strength and elastic modulus of microstructural elements and continuum scale volumes of snow. Analysis of the force-distance signal from a Monte Carlo simulation of micropenetration indicates that microstructural and micromechanical parameters may be recovered with a measurement accuracy of better than 5% when spatial and force resolutions are high and the penetrometer tip area is of similar size to the structure dimension. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Snow & Avalanche Res, Davos, Switzerland. RP Johnson, JB (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, POB 35170, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. RI Schneebeli, Martin/B-1063-2008 OI Schneebeli, Martin/0000-0003-2872-4409 NR 8 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 30 IS 1-3 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1016/S0165-232X(99)00013-0 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 279KB UT WOS:000085042000010 ER PT J AU Schneebeli, M Pielmeier, C Johnson, JB AF Schneebeli, M Pielmeier, C Johnson, JB TI Measuring snow microstructure and hardness using a high resolution penetrometer SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Snow Science Workshop CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1998 CL SUNRIVER, OREGON DE snow hardness; metamorphism; snow strength; snow stratigraphy; texture AB Using a high resolution snow penetrometer we are able to measure snow penetration resistance and snow meso- and microstructure. The variation of the signal is characteristic for different snow types. The penetrometer can be used in the field as well in the laboratory. The range of snow types which can be tested extends from light new snow (50 kg m(-3)) to very dense snow occurring on ski race tracks (500 kg m(-3)). The displacement resolution of the penetrometer is better than one mm to detect significant changes in resistance, the force signal is measured every 0.004 mm. The constant penetration velocity can be varied between 6 and 20 mm s(-1). A classification is developed to extract textural information of snow from the force signal. The classification is based on experiments with artificially metamorphosed snow and undisturbed snow from the Alps and Alaska. Two weak layers were identified and compared to surface sections, The new instrument makes the measurement of mechanical and stratigraphic features of a snowpack a more objective and easy task than with other methods. The high displacement resolution promises also a better identification of weak layers. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF, CH-7260 Davos Dorf, Switzerland. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. RP Schneebeli, M (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF, CH-7260 Davos Dorf, Switzerland. RI Schneebeli, Martin/B-1063-2008 OI Schneebeli, Martin/0000-0003-2872-4409 NR 8 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 30 IS 1-3 BP 101 EP 114 DI 10.1016/S0165-232X(99)00030-0 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 279KB UT WOS:000085042000011 ER PT J AU Mangelsdorff, AD AF Mangelsdorff, AD TI Military psychology: An introduction SO CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY-APA REVIEW OF BOOKS LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, USA Baylor Univ Program, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Mangelsdorff, AD (reprint author), 3410 Turtle Village Dr, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0010-7549 J9 CONTEMP PSYCHOL JI Comtemp. Psychol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 44 IS 6 BP 531 EP 533 PG 3 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 263UV UT WOS:000084144400041 ER PT J AU Armonda, RA McGee, B Veznadaraglu, E Rosenwasser, RH Jefferson, RH AF Armonda, RA McGee, B Veznadaraglu, E Rosenwasser, RH Jefferson, RH TI Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements of cerebral oximetry in the neurovascular ICU SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wills Eye Hosp & Res Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 27 IS 12 SU S MA 173 BP A72 EP A72 DI 10.1097/00003246-199912001-00173 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 276RX UT WOS:000084892100174 ER PT J AU Blanchard, JR Hadro, N Calkins, M Day, BK Maniscalco-Theberge, M Otchy, D Ling, G AF Blanchard, JR Hadro, N Calkins, M Day, BK Maniscalco-Theberge, M Otchy, D Ling, G TI The cytokine cascade in controlled abdominal trauma SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 27 IS 12 SU S MA 436 BP A153 EP A153 DI 10.1097/00003246-199912001-00436 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 276RX UT WOS:000084892100437 ER PT J AU Creamer, KM McCloud, LL Fisher, LE Ehrhart, IC AF Creamer, KM McCloud, LL Fisher, LE Ehrhart, IC TI Pentoxifylline rescue preserves lung function in isolated canine lungs injured with phorbol myristate acetate SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Med Coll Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Kaneohe, HI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 27 IS 12 SU S MA 357 BP A128 EP A128 DI 10.1097/00003246-199912001-00357 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 276RX UT WOS:000084892100359 ER PT J AU Creamer, KM McCloud, LL Fisher, LE Ehrhart, IC AF Creamer, KM McCloud, LL Fisher, LE Ehrhart, IC TI Etiologic factors and sites of origin of pulmonary vascular resistance hysteresis SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Kaneohe, HI USA. Med Coll Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 27 IS 12 SU S MA 297 BP A110 EP A110 DI 10.1097/00003246-199912001-00297 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 276RX UT WOS:000084892100298 ER PT J AU Ishihara, S Ward, JA Pruitt, BA Mozingo, DW AF Ishihara, S Ward, JA Pruitt, BA Mozingo, DW TI Comparison of two different parameters for elimination of TNFA from circulating blood by continuous hemofiltration during endotoxemia SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0090-3493 EI 1530-0293 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 27 IS 12 SU S MA 381 BP A135 EP A135 DI 10.1097/00003246-199912001-00381 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 276RX UT WOS:000084892100381 ER PT J AU Pineda, JA Cheifetz, IM Katz, LM Grenn, M Pearlstein, RD AF Pineda, JA Cheifetz, IM Katz, LM Grenn, M Pearlstein, RD TI Critical care applications of infrared imaging SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Emergency Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. USA, Night Vis Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 27 IS 12 SU S MA 229 BP A89 EP A89 DI 10.1097/00003246-199912001-00229 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 276RX UT WOS:000084892100230 ER PT J AU Popa, C Blanchard, JR Crommett, J Ling, G AF Popa, C Blanchard, JR Crommett, J Ling, G TI Evaluation of interleukin 1-beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the preoperative patient SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 27 IS 12 SU S MA 416 BP A146 EP A146 DI 10.1097/00003246-199912001-00416 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 276RX UT WOS:000084892100418 ER PT J AU Elston, LTCDM AF Elston, LTCDM TI Photo quiz - Fungal folliculitis (Majocchi's granuloma) is a manifestation of tinea corporis. SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID THERAPY C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Elston, LTCDM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD DEC PY 1999 VL 64 IS 6 BP 370 EP + PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 265GQ UT WOS:000084234400002 ER PT J AU Oskam, G Searson, PC Jow, TR AF Oskam, G Searson, PC Jow, TR TI Sol-gel synthesis of carbon/silica gel electrodes for lithium intercalation SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITE ELECTRODES; CARBON ELECTRODES; GRAPHITE; PERFORMANCE; BATTERIES; ANODES; CELLS AB We report on lithium intercalation in porous carbon films using a silica-based gel as binder instead of organic materials such as poly(vinylidene difluoride) and poly(tetrafluoroethylene). Films were fabricated using the sol-gel method with a series of alkoxy silane precursors. We show that the adhesion, flexibility, and mechanical stability of the carbon films depend on the chemical nature of the precursor. Electrodes prepared using propyltrimethoxy silane as precursor and synthetic graphite particles had a reversible charge capacity of up to 355 mAh g(-1), and were stable over multiple cycles. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S1099-0062(99)06-123-4. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USA, Res Lab, Electrochem energy Grp, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Oskam, G (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Searson, Peter /A-3311-2010; Oskam, Gerko/D-1768-2013; OI Searson, Peter/0000-0002-5417-0828 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 2 IS 12 BP 610 EP 612 DI 10.1149/1.1390923 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 249QN UT WOS:000083343900002 ER PT J AU Munro, NB Talmage, SS Griffin, GD Waters, LC Watson, AP King, JF Hauschild, V AF Munro, NB Talmage, SS Griffin, GD Waters, LC Watson, AP King, JF Hauschild, V TI The sources, fate, and toxicity of chemical warfare agent degradation products SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE anticholinesterase; blood agent; CK; cyanogen chloride; decontamination; GA; GB; GD; HD; HN; hydrolysis; Lewisite; microbial degradation; nerve agent; nitrogen mustard; oxidation; sarin; soman; sulfur mustard; tabun; VX; vesicant ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; SALMONELLA MUTAGENICITY TESTS; MUSTARD HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; DOMINANT LETHAL ASSAY; MOUSE LYMPHOMA-CELLS; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; CHROMOSOME ABERRATION; METHYL-METHACRYLATE AB We include in this review an assessment of the formation, environmental fate, and mammalian and ecotoxicity of CW agent degradation products relevant to environmental and occupational health. These parent CW agents include several vesicants: sulfur mustards [undistilled sulfur mustard (H), sulfur mustard (HD), and an HD/agent T mixture (HT)]; nitrogen mustards [ethylbis(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN1), methylbis(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN2), tris(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN3)], and Lewisite; four nerve agents {O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate (VX), tabun (GA), sarin (GB), and soman (GD)}; and the blood agent cyanogen chloride. The degradation processes considered here include hydrolysis, microbial degradation, oxidation, and photolysis. We also briefly address decontamination but not combustion processes. Because CW agents are generally not considered very persistent, certain degradation products of significant persistence, even those that are not particularly toxic, may indicate previous CW agent presence or that degradation has occurred. Of those products for which there are data on both environmental fate and toxicity, only a few are both environmentally persistent and highly toxic. Major degradation products estimated to be of significant persistence (weeks to years) include thiodiglycol for HD; Lewisite oxide for Lewisite; and ethyl methyl phosphonic acid, methyl phosphonic acid, and possibly S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothioic acid (EA 2192) for VX. Methyl phosphonic acid is also the ultimate hydrolysis product of both GB and GD. The GB product, isopropyl methylphosphonic acid, and a closely related contaminant of GB, diisopropyl methylphosphonate, are also persistent. Of all of these compounds, only Lewisite oxide and EA 2192 possess high mammalian toxicity. Unlike other CW agents, sulfur mustard agents (e.g., HD) are somewhat persistent; therefore, sites or conditions involving potential HD contamination should include an evaluation of both the agent and thiodiglycol. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. USA, Ctr Environm, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Talmage, SS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1060 Commerce Pk, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 398 TC 285 Z9 296 U1 24 U2 131 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 107 IS 12 BP 933 EP 974 PG 42 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 271DL UT WOS:000084578900015 PM 10585900 ER PT J AU Burrows, WD Renner, SE AF Burrows, WD Renner, SE TI Biological warfare agents as threats to potable water SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE bacteria; biological warfare; potable water; protozoa; rickettsia; toxin; virus ID OUTBREAK; RISK; CONTAMINATION; INACTIVATION; BACTERIAL; OOCYSTS; DISEASE AB Nearly all known biological warfare agents are intended for aerosol application. Although less effective as potable water threats, many are potentially capable of inflicting heavy casualties when ingested. Significant loss of mission capability can be anticipated even when complete recovery is possible. Properly maintained field army water purification equipment can counter this threat, but personnel responsible for the operation and maintenance of the equipment may be most at risk of exposure. Municipal water treatment facilities would be measurably less effective. Some replicating (infectious) agents and a few biotoxins are inactivated by chlorine disinfection; for others chlorine is ineffective or of unknown efficacy. This report assesses the state of our knowledge of agents as potable water threats and contemplates the consequences of intentional or collateral contamination of potable water supplies by 18 replicating agents and 9 biotoxins known or likely to be weaponized or otherwise used as threats. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Burrows, WD (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 75 TC 77 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 16 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 107 IS 12 BP 975 EP 984 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 271DL UT WOS:000084578900016 PM 10585901 ER PT J AU Reutter, S AF Reutter, S TI Hazards of chemical weapons release during war: New perspectives SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE chemical weapons; health effects; mustard gas; nerve gas; potency; toxicity ID MUSTARD GAS WORKERS; NERVE AGENTS; WARFARE AGENTS; MEDICAL DEFENSE; SULFUR MUSTARD; SARIN; SOMAN; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; MANIFESTATIONS; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM AB The two major threat classes of chemical weapons are mustard gas and the nerve agents, and this has not changed in over 50 years. Both types are commonly called gases, but they are actually liquids that are not remarkably volatile. These agents were designed specifically to harm people by any route of exposure and ro be effective at low doses. Mustard gas was used in World War I, and the nerve agents were developed shortly before, during, and after World War II. Our perception of the potency of chemical weapons has changed, as well as our concern over potential effects of prolonged exposures to low doses and potential target populations that include women and children. Many of the toxicologic studies and human toxicity estimates for both mustard and nerve agents were designed for the purpose of quickly developing maximal casualties in the least sensitive male soldier. The "toxicity" of the chemical weapons has not changed, but our perception of "toxicity" has. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Toxicol Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Reutter, S (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Toxicol Team, Bldg E3150, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 105 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 17 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 107 IS 12 BP 985 EP 990 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 271DL UT WOS:000084578900017 PM 10585902 ER PT J AU Shafer, DJ AF Shafer, DJ TI The effects of dock shading on the seagrass Halodule wrightii in Perdido Bay, Alabama SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; LIGHT REDUCTION; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; AUSTRALIA; GRADIENT; ASCHERS; BIOMASS; TEXAS AB Aboveground and belowground biomass, density, blade length, and chlorophyll content of seagrass growing directly under docks were compared with adjacent unshaded sites. The amount of light reduction due to dock shading was measured using quantum spherical irradiance meters. Seagrasses were present under docks; they were shaded such that light levels were 19% and 16% of surface irradiance, at shallow and deep sites, respectively. Shoot density was 40-47% lower in shaded plots than in unshaded plots; total biomass was 30-33% lower in shaded plots than in unshaded plots. In contrast, blade length and chlorophyll content were increased at shaded plots relative to unshaded plots. Seagrasses were not found under docks at light levels less than 14% of surface irradiance. These results are in agreement with published in situ compensation irradiance estimates of 15-18% for Halodule wrightii in Texas coastal waters. Shading effects were most apparent between the hours of 1000 and 1500; therefore, the light received during the early morning and late afternoon hours may be critical for plants growing under docks. The north-south orientation of the docks in this study is likely an important factor contributing to the continued survival and growth of the seagrasses. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Shafer, DJ (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD DEC PY 1999 VL 22 IS 4 BP 936 EP 943 DI 10.2307/1353073 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 280LR UT WOS:000085104700010 ER PT J AU Tolley, PM Christian, RR AF Tolley, PM Christian, RR TI Effects of increased inundation and wrack deposition on a high salt marsh plant community SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID DISTURBANCE; VEGETATION; COMPETITION; SALINITY; LEVEL AB Salt marshes respond to both slowly increasing tidal inundation with sea level rise and abrupt disturbances, such as storm-induced wrack deposition. The effects of inundation pattern and wrack deposition have been studied independently but not in combination. We manipulated inundation of tidal creek water and wrack presence individually and in combination, in two neighboring communities within a Virginia high salt marsh during 1994 and 1995. The effects of these manipulations were assessed by measurements of aboveground plant biomass. Altered inundation by itself produced little response in the various categories of plant biomass measured. Wrack deposition affected all species (i.e., Juncus roemerianus, Spartina patens, and Distichlis spicata) showing a significant reduction in aboveground biomass, as expected. Recovery after wrack deposition was dependent on the species. S. patens and D. spicata recovered from wrack deposition within one growing season, while J. roemerianus did not. Because the effects of wrack deposition greatly exceeded those of experimentally increased inundation, the possible interactions between the two were masked. Increased inundation may have inhibited the colonization of bare areas by some species after the removal of wrack from an area, although statistical significance at alpha = 0.01 was not reached. Our results confirm that wrack deposition can cause the redistribution of species within the high marsh community. Altered inundation may have a greater effect on the re-establishment of the plant community after wrack deposition than it does without wrack deposition. C1 E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. RP Tolley, PM (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, ATTN, CEWES,ER,C, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 13 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD DEC PY 1999 VL 22 IS 4 BP 944 EP 954 DI 10.2307/1353074 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 280LR UT WOS:000085104700011 ER PT J AU Guebre-Xabier, M Schwenk, R Krzych, U AF Guebre-Xabier, M Schwenk, R Krzych, U TI Memory phenotype CD8(+) T cells persist in livers of mice protected against malaria by immunization with attenuated Plasmodium berghei sporozoites SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malaria; memory CD8(+) T cell; liver; sporozoite; protection ID IN-VIVO; YOELII SPOROZOITES; HEPATIC SCHIZONTS; IMMUNITY; LYMPHOCYTES; FALCIPARUM; ANTIGEN; VITRO; TOLERANCE; HELPER AB Natural exposure to Plasmodium parasites induces short-lived protective immunity, in contrast, exposure to radiation-attenuated sporozoites (gamma spz) promotes long-lasting protection that is in part mediated by CD8(+) T cells that target exoerythrocytic stage antigens. The mechanisms underlying the maintenance of long-lasting protection are currently unclear. The liver is a repository of Plasmodium antigens and may support the development and/or homing of memory T cells. While activated CD8(+) T cells are presumed to die in the liver the fate of anti-Plasmodium CD8(+) T cells remains unknown. We propose that inflammatory conditions in the liver caused by Plasmodium parasites may allow some effector CD8(+) T cells to survive and develop into memory cells. To support this hypothesis, in this initial study we demonstrate that liver mononuclear cells from Fl berghei gamma spz-immune mice transferred protection to naive recipients and moreover, that CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells responded to Plasmodium antigens by up-regulating activation/memory markers. While CD4(+) T cells underwent a transient activation following immunization with gamma spz, CD8(+) T cells expanded robustly after spz challenge and exhibited stable expression of CD44(h) and CD45RB(lo) during protracted protection. These results establish a key role for intrahepatic T cells in longlasting protection against malaria. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Krzych, U (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Immunol, Forest Glen Annex Bldg 503,Rm 3W54,Forney Dr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 37 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 29 IS 12 BP 3978 EP 3986 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199912)29:12<3978::AID-IMMU3978>3.3.CO;2-S PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 262PR UT WOS:000084076100019 PM 10602007 ER PT J AU Card, DA Folmer, DE Kooi, S Sato, S Castleman, AW AF Card, DA Folmer, DE Kooi, S Sato, S Castleman, AW TI The interaction of titanium-carbon cluster fragments SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium of Small Particles and Inorganic Clusters CY SEP 01-05, 1998 CL LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Acad Sci, Univ Lausanne, Schweizer Gesell Nanowissensch & Nanotechn ID INTENSE LASER FIELDS; MULTIELECTRON DISSOCIATIVE IONIZATION; AMMONIA CLUSTERS; MOLECULES; EXPLOSION AB Covariance and correlation coefficient mapping techniques are utilized to investigate the formation mechanism of titanium carbon clusters in a laser vaporization source, and also to elucidate the details of fragmentation of these clusters under excitation with an intense femtosecond laser pulse (similar to 10(15) W/cm(2) at 120 fs). This study, and a previous investigation of the Coulomb explosion of ammonia clusters, demonstrates the potential which covariance mapping has in discerning the details of cluster formation and fragmentation processes. Particular attention is paid to the titanium metallocarbohedrene (Met-Car), Ti8C12. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Chem, W Point, NY 10996 USA. US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Card, DA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Chem, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6060 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD DEC PY 1999 VL 9 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 195 EP 200 DI 10.1007/s100530050425 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 319AP UT WOS:000087317100039 ER PT J AU Freese, CE Gee, L AF Freese, CE Gee, L TI A multilevel treatment of moire fringe data using finite elements SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE surface modeling; moire; principal curves; smoothing elements; fringe analysis ID FULL-FIELD REPRESENTATION; LOCALIZED HYBRID METHOD; PRINCIPAL CURVES; STRESS-ANALYSIS; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; RECOVERY; SHEAR AB Finite element procedures are applied to the modeling, analysis and visualization of experimental moire data. Smoothing elements are introduced and evaluated with respect to data sparseness and error. A one-dimensional smoothing element is uniquely coupled with the method of principal curves to extract moire fringe centers. A two-dimensional smoothing element is then used to produce a full-field representation given the fringe locations. The moire technique is applied to the four-point bend experiment, and the surface-modeling technique is used to obtain displacement and gradient (strain) information. C1 USA, Res Lab, Watertown, MA 02172 USA. RP Freese, CE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Watertown, MA 02172 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 39 IS 4 BP 304 EP 310 DI 10.1007/BF02329809 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 260WF UT WOS:000083975900009 ER PT J AU Calkins, AR Harrison, CR Fowler, WC Gallion, H Mangan, CE Husseinzadeh, N Alvarez, RD Mychalczak, B Podczaski, E AF Calkins, AR Harrison, CR Fowler, WC Gallion, H Mangan, CE Husseinzadeh, N Alvarez, RD Mychalczak, B Podczaski, E TI Hyperfractionated radiation therapy plus chemotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer: Results of two phase I dose-escalation gynecologic oncology group trials SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CANCER; UTERINE CERVIX; CARCINOMA; 5-FLUOROURACIL; HYDROXYUREA; FRACTIONATION; RADIOTHERAPY; MISONIDAZOLE; HEAD; NECK AB Objective. The aims of this study were to assess the early and late toxicities of multiple-daily-fraction whole pelvic radiation plus concurrent chemotherapy with either hydroxyurea or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/cisplatin and to determine the maximum tolerated external radiation dose in conjunction with brachytherapy, when given with either of these drug regimens, as treatment for locally advanced carcinoma of the cervix. Methods. The first study (GOG 8801) of 38 patients utilized hydroxyurea as a single oral dose of 80 mg/kg to a maximum of 6 g at least 2 h prior to a radiation treatment twice every week. In the second study (GOG 8901) of 30 patients, cisplatin and 5-FU were used concomitantly with radiotherapy. Fifty milligrams per square meter of cisplatin was administered on days 1 and 17 of external radiation. 5-FU was given by continuous intravenous infusion at a dose of 1000 mg/m(2)/day for 4 consecutive days on days 2, 3, 4, 5, and 18, 19, 20, and 21 of external radiation therapy. Both studies utilized external radiation given by an accelerated hyperfractionated regimen of 1.2 Gy per fraction, two fractions per day. All patients were treated 5 days per week with a minimum of 4 h between fractions. Results, Acute toxicity was manageable on both protocols but nausea, vomiting, and myelosuppression were more severe with hydroxyurea, Chronic toxicity was primarily enteric and appeared to be dose-related. There was no obvious correlation seen between pelvic failure rates and the radiation dose or between the chemotherapy regimens used. Conclusions. The defined maximal tolerated dose of whole pelvic radiation was 57.6 Gy in 48 fractions which could be delivered in a hyperfractionated setting with concomitant chemotherapy, followed by brachytherapy, Follow-up is now sufficient that further adverse events should be rare. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 St Joseph Hosp, Dept Radiat Therapy, Tampa, FL 33677 USA. Univ Hlth Sci, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Uniformed Serv, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Gynecol Oncol, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Kentucky, Div Gynecol Oncol, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Penn Hosp, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Div Oncol, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Alabama, Div Gynecol Oncol, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Penn State Univ Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RP Calkins, AR (reprint author), GOG Adm Off, 1234 Market St,Suite 1945, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 23501, CA 12484, CA 16386] NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 75 IS 3 BP 349 EP 355 DI 10.1006/gyno.1999.5609 PG 7 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 266AR UT WOS:000084278900008 PM 10600288 ER PT J AU McDonald, RMS AF McDonald, RMS TI Thomas Jefferson and historical self-construction: The earth belongs to the living? SO HISTORIAN LA English DT Article C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP McDonald, RMS (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 87 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHI ALPHA THETA PI ALLENTOWN PA THE HISTORIAN 50 COLLEGE DR, ALLENTOWN, PA 18104-6100 USA SN 0018-2370 J9 HISTORIAN JI Historian PD WIN PY 1999 VL 61 IS 2 BP 289 EP 310 PG 22 WC History SC History GA 183CR UT WOS:000079536900004 ER PT J AU Yan, LB Jiang, MM Tamir, T Choi, KK AF Yan, LB Jiang, MM Tamir, T Choi, KK TI Electromagnetic modeling of quantum-well photodetectors containing diffractive elements SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE boundary-value problems; diffraction; electromagnetic modeling; gratings; infrared photodetectors; semiconductor-metal interfaces ID GRATINGS; SCATTERING; WAVE; PERFORMANCE; MULTILAYER AB An analytical approach for modeling optical fields in quantum-well infrared photodetectors was developed by using a rigorous solution of the corresponding electromagnetic problem. Its application includes structures having a large number of dielectric layers, which may contain gratings having arbitrary profiles and metal-strip arrays acting as electrodes. By representing the fields inside complex photodetector structures in terms of interconnected transmission-line units, this approach helps considerably to clarify the role of each constituent of the photodetector, Examples involving realistic situations reveal that the presence of metal electrodes may affect the photodetection operation in a large class of grating structures. In particular, we show that the sensitivity of specific photodetector configurations can be enhanced by choosing grating parameters that optimize the overall photodetecting performance. C1 Chinese Acad Space Technol, Beijing, Peoples R China. Polytech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Yan, LB (reprint author), Chinese Acad Space Technol, Beijing, Peoples R China. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1870 EP 1877 DI 10.1109/3.806601 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 262RT UT WOS:000084080800016 ER PT J AU Oldham, TR AF Oldham, TR TI 1999 special NSREC issue of the IEEE transactions an nuclear science - Guest editor's comments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Oldham, TR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1331 EP 1332 PN 1 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 279RG UT WOS:000085058500004 ER PT J AU Besson, O Ghogho, M Swami, A AF Besson, O Ghogho, M Swami, A TI Parameter estimation for random amplitude chirp signals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE high-order ambiguity function; multiplicative noise; nonlinear least-squares; random amplitude chirp signals ID POLYNOMIAL-PHASE SIGNALS; MULTICOMPONENT SIGNALS; SINUSOIDAL SIGNALS; TRANSFORM; HARMONICS; SPECTRA; NOISE AB We consider the problem of estimating the parameters of a chirp signal observed in multiplicative noise, i.e., whose amplitude is randomly time-varying. Two methods for solving this problem are presented. First, an unstructured nonlinear least-squares approach ((NLS) is proposed. It is shown that by minimizing the NLS criterion with respect to all samples of the time-varying amplitude, the problem reduces to a two-dimensional (2-D) maximization problem, A theoretical analysis of the NLS estimator is presented, and an expression for its asymptotic variance is derived. It is shown that the NLS estimator has a variance that is very close to the Cramer-Rao bound. The second approach combines the principles behind the high-order ambiguity function (HAF) and the NLS approach, It provides a computationally simpler but suboptimum estimator. A statistical analysis of the HAF-based estimator is also carried out, and closed-form expressions are derived for the asymptotic variance of the HAF estimators based on the data and on the squared data. Numerical examples attest to the validity of the theoretical analyzes and establish a comparison between the tno proposed methods. C1 ENSICA, Dept Avion & Syst, Toulouse, France. Univ Strathclyde, Dept Elect Engn & Elect, Signal Proc Div, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. USA, Res Lab, Commun & Network Syst Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Besson, O (reprint author), ENSICA, Dept Avion & Syst, Toulouse, France. NR 26 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 47 IS 12 BP 3208 EP 3219 DI 10.1109/78.806067 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 261CX UT WOS:000083991800003 ER PT J AU Ghogho, M Swami, A Garel, B AF Ghogho, M Swami, A Garel, B TI Performance analysis of cyclic statistics for the estimation of harmonics in multiplicative and additive noise SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE cyclic statistics; detection; harmonics; higher order statistics; multiplicative noise ID AMPLITUDE; SIGNALS AB The problem of estimating the frequencies of harmonics in multiplicative and additive noise is addressed. The cyclic mean (CM) can be used if the multiplicative noise has nonzero mean; the cyclic variance (CV) can be used whether or not the multiplicative noise has zero mean. This paper answers the following question: Under what conditions should we use CV instead of CM? The criteria used are the ease of detection and the accuracy of estimation. CV is preferable to CM if the coherent to noncoherent harmonic power ratio is less than a threshold that depends on the first four cumulants; when the noises are colored, this threshold becomes frequency dependent. Third- and fourth-order cyclic statistics are also studied, and it is shown that they will always be outperformed either by Ch I or CV when the multiplicative noise is symmetric. C1 Univ Strathclyde, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Inst Natl Polytech Toulouse, ENSEEIHT, GAPSE, F-31077 Toulouse, France. RP Ghogho, M (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 47 IS 12 BP 3235 EP 3249 DI 10.1109/78.806069 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 261CX UT WOS:000083991800005 ER PT J AU Coulon, M Tourneret, JY Swami, A AF Coulon, M Tourneret, JY Swami, A TI Detection and classification of spectrally equivalent processes using higher order statistics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE cumulants; detection; higher order statistics ID SIGNAL CLASSIFICATION; MOMENTS AB ;This paper addresses the problem of detecting tno spectrally equivalent processes, which are modeled by a noisy AR process and an ARMA process, Higher order statistics (HOS) are shown to be efficient tools for detection. Two HOS-based detectors are derived for the binary hypothesis testing problem (i.e., known signal spectrum): The first detector exploits the asymptotic Gaussianity of the sample estimates of the cumulants, The second detector exploits the singularity of a certain matrix based on HOS, The more general composite hypothesis testing problem (i.e. with unknown signal spectrum) is then considered and a detector proposed. The performances of the different detectors are compared in terms of receiver operating characteristic (ROC curl es. Approximate closed-form expressions are derived for the threshold and the ROC's of the three detectors. C1 Ecole Natl Super Electro Electrotechn Informat &, Dept Elect & Signal Proc, Toulouse, France. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Coulon, M (reprint author), Ecole Natl Super Electro Electrotechn Informat &, Dept Elect & Signal Proc, Toulouse, France. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 47 IS 12 BP 3326 EP 3335 DI 10.1109/78.806076 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 261CX UT WOS:000083991800012 ER PT J AU Yan, ZY Yang, DCH Neill, R Jett, M AF Yan, ZY Yang, DCH Neill, R Jett, M TI Production of tumor necrosis factor alpha in human T lymphocytes by staphylococcal enterotoxin B correlates with toxin-induced proliferation and is regulated through protein kinase C SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID SHOCK SYNDROME TOXIN-1; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD MONOCYTES; CYTOKINE GENE-EXPRESSION; CLASS-II MOLECULES; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; SUPERANTIGEN; ACTIVATION; CELLS; MICE; INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA AB The superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) simultaneously binds both the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II receptor on monocytes and the T-cell receptor (TCR) on T lymphocytes, resulting in a range of cell responses including induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). In this study, we have used mixed cultures of human peripheral blood monocytes and lymphocytes to investigate biochemical events controlling SEE induction of TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha production induced by SEE in mixed cultures is more closely associated with T cells than with monocytes: (i) a TCR-binding-site mutant of SEE (N23F) is less active in TNF-alpha. induction than an MHC class II receptor-binding-site mutant (P44R), and (ii) flow cytometric analysis indicated that SEE induced TNF-alpha production in T cells but not in monocytes. Pretreatment of cells with inhibitors of signal transduction pathways was employed to further define events in SEE-induced TNF-alpha production. Neither protein kinase A inhibitors nor two protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors altered SEE-induced TNF-alpha production. In contrast, SEE induced protein kinase C (PI(C) translocation, and pretreatment of cultures with inhibitors of PKC blocked TNF-alpha induction, Alteration of levels of diacylglycerol (DAG), an activator of PKC, by treatment with inhibitors of phospholipase C or DAG kinase also altered SEE-induced TNF-alpha production. These data suggest that PKC activation plays a critical role in SEE-induced TNF-alpha production in human T cells. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mol Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20056 USA. RP Jett, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mol Pathol, Bldg 503,503 Robert Grant Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Yang, David/A-7294-2009 NR 46 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 67 IS 12 BP 6611 EP 6618 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 257DW UT WOS:000083768000052 PM 10569782 ER PT J AU Grace, FI AF Grace, FI TI Ballistic limit velocity for long rods from ordnance velocity through hypervelocity impact SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Hypervelocity Impact (HVIS 98) CY NOV 17-19, 1998 CL HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA SP Army Res Lab, Army Res Off, Ernst Mach Inst, European Res Off, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Sandia Natl Lab, Univ Alabama, Huntsville, US Army Aviat & Missile Command ID PENETRATION; TARGETS AB The ballistic limit velocity for long rods impacting targets of finite thickness is explored in a range from ordnance velocity though hypervelocity impact. While several formulas have existed for some time, notable ones of Recht and Ipson, Woodward and de Morton, and Lambert are limited because they either relate primarily to only short rods, bullets, or fragments or apply to long rods but are empirical, as in the case of Lambert's formula. There is, however, a growing need to have a general description of the ballistic limit problem since, today, there is more interest in launching long rods at velocities extending into the hypervelocity range of impact. The current work explores Grace's previous theoretical development of plate penetration/perforation dynamics, providing an iterative solution as well as a derived, approximate, semi-empirical, analytic expression for the limit velocity. Both analyses are applied throughout extended ranges of impact velocity and compared to Lambert's formula and experimental data for long rods of steel and tungsten striking steel armor targets. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Grace, FI (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 23 IS 1 BP 295 EP 306 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(99)00081-0 PN 1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 270EB UT WOS:000084521500028 ER PT J AU Kruse, GR Mendes, WR Sommers, WJ Weed, RA Nash, KD Mayo, DV AF Kruse, GR Mendes, WR Sommers, WJ Weed, RA Nash, KD Mayo, DV TI Testing and simulation of microdebris from impacts with complex targets SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Hypervelocity Impact (HVIS 98) CY NOV 17-19, 1998 CL HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA SP Army Res Lab, Army Res Off, Ernst Mach Inst, European Res Off, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Sandia Natl Lab, Univ Alabama, Huntsville, US Army Aviat & Missile Command ID DEBRIS AB Microdebris data from hypervelocity impacts of complex projectiles and ballistic missile targets were collected during three light-gas gun impact test series involving different geometric scales, impact velocities, and vehicle designs. Rotating and stationary witness panels of various materials and at various locations within the test chamber were used to collect microdebris size, mass, material, direction, and velocity data. These data are presented along with preliminary results from associated analyses. Microdebris data provide an important element in understanding and simulating the complete debris environment associated with ballistic missile defense engagements along with the corresponding effects and observables. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Nichols Res Corp, Huntsville, AL 35802 USA. THAAD Project Off, Air & Missile Def, Program Execut Off, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. RP Kruse, GR (reprint author), Nichols Res Corp, 4040 S Mem Pkwy, Huntsville, AL 35802 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 23 IS 1 BP 489 EP 500 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(99)00098-6 PN 1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 270EB UT WOS:000084521500045 ER PT J AU Raftenberg, MN Krause, CD AF Raftenberg, MN Krause, CD TI Metallographic observations of armor steel specimens from plates perforated by shaped charge jets SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Hypervelocity Impact (HVIS 98) CY NOV 17-19, 1998 CL HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA SP Army Res Lab, Army Res Off, Ernst Mach Inst, European Res Off, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Sandia Natl Lab, Univ Alabama, Huntsville, US Army Aviat & Missile Command ID SHEAR BANDS; PROPAGATION AB In each of four experiments, a plate of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) was perforated by a copper jet from a shaped charge warhead. Optical and scanning electron microscopy were performed on RHA specimens prepared from a remaining perforated target plate and from various recovered fragments. In the remaining plate, white-etched (in 2 pct nital) adiabatic shear bands were found to emanate from the hole wall and enter the interior. These blended into dark-etched bands of concentrated shear. Some cracks were found to enter from the hole wall and run along a shear band. Tips of these cracks were planar, suggesting brittle cleavage. A crack not associated with a shear band was formed by the coalescence of ductile voids. Recovered fragments were bounded by white-etched adiabatic shear bands. Shear bands also entered interiors of fragments, where they sometimes meandered and bifurcated. One fragment exhibited a dendritic pattern, possibly indicative of melting. Microhardness measurements were obtained in the dendritic region, a nearby white-etched band, and the martensitic matrix. A mechanism coupling local reductions in spall strength to the presence of adiabatic shear banding is proposed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM TD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Raftenberg, MN (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM TD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 23 IS 1 BP 757 EP 770 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(99)00120-7 PN 2 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 270ED UT WOS:000084521700023 ER PT J AU Bakken, S Dolter, KJ Holzemer, WL AF Bakken, S Dolter, KJ Holzemer, WL TI A comparison of three strategies for risk-adjustment of outcomes for AIDS patients hospitalized for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING LA English DT Article DE risk-adjustment; severity of illness; outcomes; AIDS; mortality; length of stay ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; SEVERITY CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; QUALITY; ILLNESS; INDEX; CARE; PREDICTORS AB Background: The need for risk-adjustment of patient outcomes has been driven by the competitive health care market and the subsequent increase in comparative outcome reporting among health care institutions, among managed care plans, and among individual providers for some procedures (e.g. coronary artery bypass graft surgery). However, if the outcomes reported do not take into account patient characteristics that can be considered dimensions of risk for poor clinical outcomes or increased utilization of services, there is the possibility that inaccurate conclusions will be drawn about the quality of care provided. Objective: The specific purpose of this study was to examine the ability of four measures, APACHE III - acute physiology scale, Quality Audit Marker - ambulation score, Quality Audit Marker - self-care ability score, and Nursing Severity Index, to predict mortality and hospital length of stay in a convenience sample of 140 males with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Methods: The study utilized a descriptive, longitudinal design. Results: APACHE III - acute physiology scale (P = 0.006, odds ratio = 1.40), and Quality Audit Marker - ambulation (P = 0.037, odds ratio = 0.50), were significant predictors of hospital mortality and the APACHE III - acute physiology scale was also a predictor of mortality within 3 (P = 0.004, odds ratio = 1.13) and 6 months (P = 0.009, odds ratio = 1.10) following hospitalization. Only Quality Audit Marker - ambulation (P = 0.0001) was a significant predictor of length of stay. Conclusions: The findings of this study confirm the findings of other investigators that measures of acute clinical stability and functional status have utility as risk-adjustment approaches for the outcomes of mortality and length of stay. Further research is needed that compares the utility of generic vs. disease-specific measures for prediction of outcomes in HIV/AIDS. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Nursing, Dept Community Hlth Syst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. USA, MEDCOM, Utilizat Management & Clin Practice Guideline Pro, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Bakken, S (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Nursing, Dept Community Hlth Syst, Box 0608, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU NINR NIH HHS [NR03874, NR02215] NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-2402 J9 J ADV NURS JI J. Adv. Nurs. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1424 EP 1431 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1999.01229.x PG 8 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 273WD UT WOS:000084731600041 PM 10583654 ER PT J AU Godfrey, TA Rossettos, JN AF Godfrey, TA Rossettos, JN TI The onset of tear propagation at slits in stressed uncoated plain weave fabrics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB A simple micromechanical model is developed to predict the onset of tear propagation at slit-like damage sites (i.e., a series of consecutive aligned yarn breaks) in biaxially stressed plain weave fabrics under increasing loading. A crucial aspect of the model is the treatment of the frictional slip of yarns near the damage site. Although the actual configuration of slipping regions is complex, the onset of tear propagation in large slits (i.e., more than, say, 35 breaks) is dominated by slip occurring on the first few intact yarns adjacent to the breaks. The assumptions in the mathematical model were motivated by both experimental observations and calculations for key configurations. Analytical results obtained for this simple model exhibit good agreement with experimental results, which are presented for a variety of fabrics with initial slits of 35 and 45 breaks. C1 USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Godfrey, TA (reprint author), USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Mail Stop AMSSB-RSS-M, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 1999 VL 66 IS 4 BP 926 EP 933 DI 10.1115/1.2791799 PG 8 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 281LU UT WOS:000085162600014 ER PT J AU Adler, M Nicholson, JD Starks, DF Kane, CT Cornille, F Hackley, BE AF Adler, M Nicholson, JD Starks, DF Kane, CT Cornille, F Hackley, BE TI Evaluation of phosphoramidon and three synthetic phosphonates for inhibition of botulinum neurotoxin B catalytic activity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phosphoramidon; phosphonate monoesters; zinc metalloprotease; botulinum neurotoxin B; synaptobrevin-2 ID TETANUS; CLEAVAGE; SYNAPTOBREVIN; RELEASE; VESICLE; TARGETS AB Three putative metalloprotease inhibitors were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit the catalytic activity of botulinum neurotoxin B Light chain (BoNT/B LC). The compounds were designed to emulate the naturally occurring metalloprotease inhibitor phosphoramidon, which has been reported to be a weak antagonist of BoNT/B action. All three analogs contained the dipeptide Phe-Glu in place of Leu-Trp of phosphoramidon and possessed a phenyl, ethyl or methyl group in place of the rhamnose sugar of the parent compound. The inhibitors were evaluated in a cell-free assay based on the detection of a fluorescent product following cleavage of a 50-mer synaptobrevin peptide ([Pya(88)] S 39-88) by BoNT/B LC. This peptide corresponds to the hydrophilic core of synaptobrevin-2 and contains a fluorescent analog L-pyrenylalanine (Pya) in place of Tyr(88). Cleavage of [Pya(88)] S 39-88 by BoNT/B LC gives rise to fragments of 38 and 12 amino acid residues. Quantification of BoNT/B-mediated substrate cleavage was achieved by separating the la-mer fragment (FETSAAKLKRK-Pya) that contains the C-terminal fluorophore and measuring fluorescence at 377 nm, The results indicate that the phenyl-substituted synthetic compound ICD 2821,vas slightly more active than phosphoramidon, but analogs with methyl or ethyl substitutions were relatively inactive. These findings suggest that phosphonate monoesters may be useful for providing insights into the structural requirement of BoNT/B protease inhibitors. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Neurotoxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Astrox Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Starks Associates Inc, Buffalo, NY 14213 USA. Univ Paris 05, Dept Pharmacochim Mol & Struct, U266 INSERM CNRS UMR 8600, Paris 06, France. RP Adler, M (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Neurotoxicol Branch, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 19 SU 1 BP S5 EP S11 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199912)19:1+3.0.CO;2-M PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 286HP UT WOS:000085437800003 PM 10594892 ER PT J AU Adler, M Keller, JE Baskin, S Salem, H Filbert, MG Romano, J AF Adler, M Keller, JE Baskin, S Salem, H Filbert, MG Romano, J TI Promising new approaches for treatment of botulinum intoxication SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEUROTOXIN TYPE-A; CLOSTRIDIAL NEUROTOXINS; SYNAPTOSOMAL PROTEINS; MEMBRANE-FUSION; TETANUS TOXIN; SNAP-25; CLEAVES; ANTAGONISTS; PROTEOLYSIS; EFFICACY C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Soldier & Bil Chem Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Adler, M (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 19 SU 1 BP S3 EP S4 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199912)19:1+3.0.CO;2-V PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 286HP UT WOS:000085437800002 PM 10594891 ER PT J AU Apland, JP Biser, JA Adler, M Ferrer-Montiel, AV Montal, M Filbert, MG AF Apland, JP Biser, JA Adler, M Ferrer-Montiel, AV Montal, M Filbert, MG TI Peptides that mimic the carboxy-terminal domain of SNAP-25 block acetylcholine release at an Aplysia synapse SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE botulinum; toxin; synaptic protein; neurotransmitter release ID BOTULINUM NEUROTOXINS; CHROMAFFIN CELLS; VESICLE DOCKING; EXOCYTOSIS; CLEAVAGE; TETANUS; TOXIN AB Botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A and E (BoNT/A and BoNT/E) block neurotransmitter release, presumably by cleaving SNAP-25, a protein involved in docking of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane. Three excitation-secretion uncoupling peptides (ESUPs), which mimic the carboxy-terminal domain of SNAP-25 and span or adjoin the cleavage sites for BoNT/A and BoNT/E, also inhibit transmitter release from permeabilized bovine chromaffin cells. In this study, these peptides were tested for effects on acetylcholine (ACh) release at an identified cholinergic synapse in isolated buccal ganglia of Aplysia californica, The presynaptic neuron was stimulated electrically to elicit action potentials. The postsynaptic neuron was voltage-clamped, and evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) were recorded. The ESUPs were pressure-injected into the presynaptic neuron, and their effects on the amplitude of the IPSCs were studied, Acetylcholine release from presynaptic cells, as measured by IPSC amplitudes, was gradually inhibited by the ESUPs, All three peptides caused ca, 40% reduction in IPSC amplitude in 2 h, Random-sequence peptides of the same amino acid composition had no effect. Injection of BoNT/E, in contrast, caused ca, 50% reduction in IPSC amplitude in 30 min and almost complete inhibition in 2 h. These results are the first demonstration that ESUPs block neuronal cholinergic synaptic transmission. They are consistent with the concept that ESUPs compete with the intact SNAP-25 for binding with other fusion proteins, thus inhibiting stimulus-evoked exocytosis of neurotransmitter. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Neurotoxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Apland, JP (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Neurotoxicol Branch, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RI Ferrer-Montiel, Antonio/C-3072-2015 OI Ferrer-Montiel, Antonio/0000-0002-2973-6607 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 19 SU 1 BP S23 EP S26 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199912)19:1+3.0.CO;2-X PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 286HP UT WOS:000085437800006 PM 10594895 ER PT J AU Braue, EH AF Braue, EH TI Development of a reactive topical skin protectant SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE topical skin protectant; decontamination; sulfur mustard; S-330; ICD 2701; ICD 2837 AB The use of a topical skin protectant (TSP) as a means of protecting troops from percutaneous chemical warfare agent (CWA) exposure has been proposed since these weapons were first used during World War I. The TSP is applied to vulnerable skin surfaces prior to entry into a chemical combat area. In 1990, the US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense transferred two non-reactive TSPs into advanced development. Following US Food and Drug Administration approval, the final product is expected to be available to soldiers in 1999, A continuing research effort is designed to develop a second-generation TSP that will increase effectiveness and also decontaminate CWAs into non-toxic products, We identified a list of 29 reactive moieties as potential additives to the TSP formulation, All candidate formulations are evaluated in a decision tree network, consisting of a series of 11 efficacy testing models, A prototype formulation (ICD 2701) containing the reactive ingredient S-330 has dramatically improved the protection against saturated sulfur mustard vapor. In addition, we have discovered a compound (ICD 2837) that significantly increases the skin's natural resistance to CWA penetration. Our goal is to transfer a significantly improved TSP formulation into advanced development by 1999. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Adv Assessment Branch, Drug Assessment Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Braue, EH (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Adv Assessment Branch, Drug Assessment Div, Bldg E-3081, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 19 SU 1 BP S47 EP S53 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199912)19:1+3.3.CO;2-L PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 286HP UT WOS:000085437800012 PM 10594901 ER PT J AU Clark, CR Smith, JR Shih, ML AF Clark, CR Smith, JR Shih, ML TI Development of an in vitro screening method for evaluating decontamination of sulfur mustard by reactive dermal formulations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE skin; cream; barrier; sulfur mustard; thermal desorption; gas chromatography AB New barrier creams known as topical skin protectants (TSPs) recently have been formulated and demonstrated to be effective in delaying skin penetration of the blistering warfare agent sulfur mustard (HD). To further inactivate or neutralize HD, compounds that react with the toxic agent must be incorporated in the formulations, which then become reactive topical skin protectants (rTSPs), Specific and fast screening methods are necessary to assess the decontaminating activity of rTSPs, A headspace sampling technique in conjunction with thermal desorption and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was evaluated as a potential screening method. A lower detection limit of 1 ng and a coefficient of variation of <20% were observed for the repetitive measurements of residual Ho, Using this method, we evaluated a candidate rTSP, The percentage recovery of no applied to the rTSP decreased by 35% over a 20-min time period compared with a non-rTSP, The candidate formulation showed an instant decontamination of the HD simulant dibutyl sulfide (decontamination was achieved in 2 s). The instrument set-up has the potential to accommodate multiple samples and can be automated. The method can be extended also to test reactive dermal formulations with toxic organophosphorus compounds. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Appl Pharmacol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Clark, CR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Appl Pharmacol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 19 SU 1 BP S77 EP S81 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199912)19:1+3.0.CO;2-F PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 286HP UT WOS:000085437800016 PM 10594905 ER PT J AU Garcia, GE Moorad, DR Gordon, RK AF Garcia, GE Moorad, DR Gordon, RK TI Buforin I, a natural peptide, inhibits botulinum neurotoxin B activity in vitro SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE botulinum neurotoxin B; buforin I; buforin II; VAMP2; RP-HPLC; Zn-metalloprotease ID PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE; TETANUS TOXIN; ZINC AB Botulinum neurotoxin B (BoNT/B) serotype specifically cleaves between the amino acids glutamine and phenylalanine (Q and F bond) in position 76-77 of synaptobrevin (VAMP2), We evaluated peptides that contain the QF cleavage site but are not identical in primary structure to the VAMP2 sequence surrounding the QF site for both inhibition of BoNT/B proteolytic activity and as substrates for BoNT/B, A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was used to measure digested peptides, A dose as high as 600 mu M of substance P, and 11-amino acid peptide containing the QF bond, was neither a substrate nor inhibitor of BoNT/B in our assay, suggesting that more than the QF bond is required to be recognized by BoNT/B, Buforin I(B-I, QF site 24-25) is 39 amino acids in length, and sequence comparison of B-I and VAMP2 indicated a similarity of 18% for conserved amino acids around the QF site. Furthermore, computer-aided secondary structure computations predict alpha-helical structures flanking the QF site for VAMP2 and for the upstream sequence of B-I, Although predictions for the downstream sequence give nearly equal tendencies for alpha-helical and beta-sheet structures, Yi et al, showed that the downstream sequence is likely to be the alpha-helix based on their examination of buforin II (B-II, a 21-amino acid subset of B-I (16-36)), which includes the QF site and the downstream sequence of B-I, Buforin I was found not to be a substrate for BoNT/B; however, BI dose dependently and competitively inhibited BoNT/B activity, yielding IC50 = 1 X 10(-6) M, In contrast, B-II was not a substrate for BoNT/B and exhibited only 25% of the B-I inhibition of BoNT/B, Two additional B-I deletion peptides were tested for inhibition of BoNT/B proteolysis: peptide 36 (36 mer; containing B-I amino acids 1-36) and peptide 24 (24 mer; B-I amino acids 16-39), Peptide 24 had a similar inhibitory effect to B-II (ca, 25% of B-I) but peptide 36 was almost 50% as potent as B-I. These findings suggest that the buforin tertiary structure is important for the inhibitory activity of these peptides for BoNT/B. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Garcia, GE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 19 SU 1 BP S19 EP S22 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199912)19:1+3.0.CO;2-J PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 286HP UT WOS:000085437800005 PM 10594894 ER PT J AU Gelzleichter, TR Myers, MA Menton, RG Niemuth, NA Matthews, MC Langford, MJ AF Gelzleichter, TR Myers, MA Menton, RG Niemuth, NA Matthews, MC Langford, MJ TI Protection against botulinum toxins provided by passive immunization with botulinum human immune globulin: Evaluation using an inhalation model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pentavalent botulinum toroid; guinea pig; inhalation; botulinum immune globulin (BIG); toxin challenge; mouse bioassay AB Pentavalent botulinum toroid adsorbed (ABCDE) vaccine is intended to protect military personnel from battlefield exposures to botulinum serotypes A-E, To determine the neutralizing antibody levels in serum that are indicative of protection against aerosolized botulinum toxins, a guinea pig model of passive antibody transfer was developed, Botulinum immune globulin (BIG), derived from plasma of vaccinated volunteers, was administered to guinea pigs by intraperitoneal injection to attain neutralizing antibody levels in serum of ca. 0.25 U ml(-1). Control groups were treated with vaccinia immune globulin (VIG), with dosages normalized to antibody content, Neutralizing antibody levels were determined by a mouse bioassay, Twenty-four hours after BIG treatment, animals were challenged with lethal levels (target of 25 x LCt(50)) of botulinum toxins by an inhalation route. Protection was defined as 80% or greater survival for BIG-treated animals. If protective, additional groups were treated with progressively smaller BIG dosages (75% decreases per iteration) and challenged with 25 x LCt(50) until protection was no longer afforded. Greater than 80% survival was observed at target levels of 0.25 U ml(-1) for all five serotypes, Breakthrough mortality (>20%) was observed at test levels of 0.05, 0.004, 0.015, 0.014 and 0.003 U ml(-1) for serotypes A-E, respectively. These results, along with neutralizing antibody measurements from clinical trials, can be used to predict human efficacy following vaccination with pentavalent botulinum toroid adsorbed (ABCDE) vaccine. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Med Res & Evaluat Facil, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Army, Div Pathol, Washington, DC USA. RP Gelzleichter, TR (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Med Res & Evaluat Facil, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. NR 4 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 19 SU 1 BP S35 EP S38 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199912)19:1+3.0.CO;2-9 PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 286HP UT WOS:000085437800009 PM 10594898 ER PT J AU Keller, JE Nowakowski, JL Filbert, MG Adler, M AF Keller, JE Nowakowski, JL Filbert, MG Adler, M TI Rapid microplate assay for monitoring botulinum neurotoxin B catalytic activity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE botulinum neurotoxin B; VAMP2; ELISA; immunoassay; zinc chelator ID TETANUS TOXIN; CLOSTRIDIAL NEUROTOXINS; CLEAVAGE; SNAP-25; SYNAPTOBREVIN; PROTEOLYSIS; PROTEIN; RELEASE; INTACT AB The binding activity of a rabbit polyclonal antiserum raised against a 51-residue peptide (P51) homologous to human VAMP2 (residues 44-94) was examined. Human VAMP2 is an 18-kDa protein located on the external membrane of small synaptic vesicles and is targeted by four of the seven botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotypes (B, D, F and G), The antiserum, designated anti-P51, recognized P51 but exhibited little cross-reactivity with the two cleavage products that result from BoNT/B-mediated proteolysis of P51, The larger of these fragments, designated as P33 (residues 44-76), exhibited a weak but measurable interaction with the antiserum. The smaller cleavage product, designated as P18 (residues 77-94), was not recognized by the antiserum. Anti-P51 was used to monitor BoNT/B light chain (LC)-mediated cleavage of P51 using an indirect ELISA, The serine protease inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride did not inhibit BoNT/B activity, but the zinc chelator N,N,N',N'-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN) and the elastase inhibitor 7-N-phenylcarbamoylamino-4-chloro-3-propyloxyisocoumarin (ICD 1578) produced complete blockade of BoNT/B LC action, Under ideal conditions, it will be possible to evaluate up to seven candidate anti-BoNT/B drugs in triplicate at four concentrations using a single 96-well microtiter plate. These findings indicate that the ELISA will be suitable for rapid screening of BoNT/B inhibitors. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Neurotoxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Res Operat Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Adler, M (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Neurotoxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 19 SU 1 BP S13 EP S17 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199912)19:1+3.0.CO;2-3 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 286HP UT WOS:000085437800004 PM 10594893 ER PT J AU Liu, DK Wannemacher, RW Snider, TH Hayes, TL AF Liu, DK Wannemacher, RW Snider, TH Hayes, TL TI Efficacy of the topical skin protectant in advanced development SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE topical skin protectant; efficacy; vesicant; nerve agents; T-2 toxin AB A topical skin protectant (TSP) (ICD 2289) is being developed to protect service members from exposure to chemical warfare agents (CWA). The TSP is designed for use on the skin at the overgarment closures and other vulnerable areas to enhance protection. The TSP, which is in phase II clinical studies, is a cream containing two chemically inert substances: perfluoroalkylpolyether and polytetrafluoroethylene. Animal data showed that the TSP was effective against percutaneous penetration of a blister agent, sulfur mustard (HD), by reducing the size of skin lesions and against T-2 mycotoxin by preventing the development of erythema and edema. The insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) reduced the TSP protection against HD regardless of the order of application on rabbit skin prior to dosing of HD. The protection was sustained when DEET was removed with a dry gauze prior to TSP application. The TSP was also effective against percutaneous exposure of nerve agents-thickened (with 5% methyl methacrylamide) soman (TGD) and VX (O-ethyl-S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl]methylphosphonothioate)- by reducing the mortality rate and protecting the red blood cell acetylcholinesterase activity. The TSP was effective against VX when BEET was applied prior to TSP application. Because human efficacy studies using CWA cannot be conducted, the efficacy will be demonstrated by the level of protection against poison ivy (urushiol) contact dermatitis in humans. C1 USA, Med Mat Dev Act, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Med Res & Evaluat Facil, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Liu, DK (reprint author), USA, Med Mat Dev Act, 622 Neiman St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 19 SU 1 BP S41 EP S45 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 286HP UT WOS:000085437800011 ER PT J AU Ray, P Ishida, H Millard, CB Petrali, JP Ray, R AF Ray, P Ishida, H Millard, CB Petrali, JP Ray, R TI Phospholipase A(2) and arachidonic acid-mediated mechanism of neuroexocytosis: A possible target of botulinum neurotoxin a other than SNAP-25 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE acetylcholine exocytosis; botulinum neurotoxin A; phospholipase A(2); arachidonic acid; SNAP-25 ID PC12 CELLS; PROTEIN AB The vesicular neuroexocytosis process consists of two important steps: fusion of transmitter-loaded vesicles at release sites on the presynaptic nerve terminal membrane; followed by the release of transmitter molecules into the synaptic cleft, We previously reported that in nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 cells, arachidonic acid (AA) release is associated with acetylcholine (ACh) release, botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) inhibits both processes and AA itself or a phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activator can cause ACh release in BoNT/A-poisoned cells in which SNAP-25 has supposedly been hydrolyzed, In the present study, we examined the roles of two endogenous intraterminal components in neuroexocytosis: the membrane fusogenic agent AA; and the vesicle fusion protein SNAP-25, A PLA(2) activator, mastoparan, was used to induce the release of AA and ACh from NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. Release depended upon the mastoparan concentration, as well as Ca2+ influx via the neuronal-type voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels. Release of ACh followed a rise in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration; the increased Ca2+ activated PLA, and, thereby, increased the AA level. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that mastoparan-induced ACh and AA release were not due to simple diffusion through damaged plasma membranes, Treatment of PC12 cells with appropriate antisense oligonucleotides blocked SNAP-25 expression, as judged by Western blot protein analysis with a specific monoclonal antibody. Despite apparent elimination of SNAP-25, treatment of differentiated PC12 cells with mastoparan and high (80 mM) K+ induced ACh exocytosis. The results support the conclusion that PLA(2) and AA have important roles in neuroexocytosis that are independent of SNAP-25, Both PLA(2) and AA have been shown to be involved in actin cytoskeletal organization related to vesicle fusion and exocytosis. This mechanism may be an alternative target of BoNT/A other than SNAP-25. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Ray, P (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 19 SU 1 BP S27 EP S28 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199912)19:1+3.0.CO;2-A PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 286HP UT WOS:000085437800007 PM 10594896 ER PT J AU Romano, JA Filbert, MG AF Romano, JA Filbert, MG TI Historical overview of topical skin protectant development SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Romano, JA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 19 SU 1 BP S39 EP S39 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199912)19:1+3.3.CO;2-M PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 286HP UT WOS:000085437800010 PM 10594899 ER PT J AU Sheridan, RE Deshpande, SS Smith, T AF Sheridan, RE Deshpande, SS Smith, T TI Comparison of in vivo and in vitro mouse bioassays for botulinum toxin antagonists SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE botulism; toxin; mouse; antitoxin; bioassay ID NEUROTOXIN TYPE-A; TETANUS TOXIN; 3,4-DIAMINOPYRIDINE; AMINOQUINOLINES; INHIBITION; MECHANISM; CHELATION; MUSCLE AB Measurements of the efficacy of novel botulinum toxin antagonists can be based on classical bioassays of toxin concentration. However, the relative sensitivities of in vivo and in vitro assays to the effects of antagonists are not necessarily correlated with the sensitivities of the assays to toxin, Comparisons of the sensitivity of an in vitro mouse muscle contraction assay with an in vivo mouse survival assay indicated that the in vivo assay was more sensitive to botulinum toxin serotype A by more than one order of magnitude at equivalent molar concentrations. However, in studies of toxin neutralization with equine antisera, the in vitro muscle assay was more than three times more sensitive to the presence of antisera than the equivalent mouse survival assay. For the development of new drugs to treat botulism, antagonist sensitivity is a primary consideration in determining relative efficacy during structure-activity studies. Thus, in studies of toxin antagonists, the in vitro assay appears to be superior for initial testing. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Toxicol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Sheridan, RE (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Neurotoxicol Branch, MCMR UV PN,3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 19 SU 1 BP S29 EP S33 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199912)19:1+3.3.CO;2-T PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 286HP UT WOS:000085437800008 PM 10594897 ER PT J AU Shih, ML Korte, WD Smith, JR Szafraniec, LL AF Shih, ML Korte, WD Smith, JR Szafraniec, LL TI Analysis and stability of the candidate sulfur mustard decontaminant S-330 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chloroamide; glycoluril; S-330; reactive topical skin protectant; sulfur mustard; LC-MS; decontaminant AB The chloroamide compound 1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-7,8-diphenyl-2,5-diiminoglycoluril (S-330) was found to be a strong reactant in dermal formulations for the decontamination of sulfur mustard (HD), In this report, we present analytical methodologies applicable to the characterization, purity determination and quantitation of S-330 in bulk material or formulations, High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) interface or ultraviolet detector and nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (NMR) were used to identify and characterize S-330 and impurities in the synthetic lots or degradation products in formulations. Bulk synthesis using a chlorination process has yielded a product of 90% purity. The major impurity has been separated and identified structurally as the trichloro analog of S-330, Higher purity S-330 can be made using column chromatography, but this does not appear to be economical for large-scale production. Factors affecting the stability of S-330 in topical formulations include water content, pH, alcohols and UV light. Chloroamide S-330 decomposes at 50-60 degrees C and is not amenable for GC analysis. The HPLC technique is superior to NMR or active chlorine assay in the purity determination for S-330 in bulk material or formulations. In topical formulations containing S-330, 5-10% of water can be tolerated, but alcohols and acidic and basic conditions should be avoided. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Chem, Chico, CA 95929 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Shih, ML (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 19 SU 1 BP S89 EP S95 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199912)19:1+3.0.CO;2-V PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 286HP UT WOS:000085437800018 PM 10594907 ER PT J AU Shih, ML Korte, WD Smith, JR Szafraniec, LL AF Shih, ML Korte, WD Smith, JR Szafraniec, LL TI Reactions of sulfides with S-330, a potential decontaminant of sulfur mustard in formulations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur mustard; decontamination; S-330; chloroamide; sulfide oxidations ID AGENTS AB Because the vesicant sulfur mustard (HD) remains a major chemical threat from either domestic terrorists or countries in conflict, topical preparations are being evaluated as protectants from HD exposure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of chloroamide S-330 as a potential reactive component in topical formulations, Therefore, the rate, mechanism and by-products of the oxidation reactions of sulfides by S-330 in solvent media or specific formulation vehicles were investigated. Using NMR, LC, LC-MS and GC-MS, the reactions of S-330 with HD, dibutyl sulfide (DBS) and methyl phenyl sulfide (MPS) were studied in acetonitrile, chloroform and perfluoropolyether (PFPE) oil. The oxidation of the three sulfides with S-330 was very rapid and completed in <4 min in acetonitrile-water or PFPE oil, but the rates of reaction in chloroform were significantly slower. In a large excess of S-330, the major products resulted from chlorination of the side chains. At a high HD/S-330 ratio, the major product was HD sulfoxide, Under both conditions, only a trace of HD sulfone, also a blistering agent, was observed. Reactions with DBS and MPS primarily gave sulfoxides and sulfones, with less side-chain chlorination. The chloroamide S-330 appeared to be a rapid and effective decontaminant of HD in either polar media or in a PFPE oil, The two alkyl and aryl sulfides are suitable simulants of HD for the initial screening and evaluation of S-330 or other similar oxidizing agents. C1 Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Chem, Chico, CA 95929 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Korte, WD (reprint author), Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Chem, Chico, CA 95929 USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 19 SU 1 BP S83 EP S88 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199912)19:1+3.0.CO;2-F PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 286HP UT WOS:000085437800017 PM 10594906 ER PT J AU Snider, TH Matthews, MC Braue, EH AF Snider, TH Matthews, MC Braue, EH TI Model for assessing efficacy of topical skin protectants against sulfur mustard vapor using hairless guinea pigs SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur mustard; blister; dermal exposure; hairless guinea pig; histopathology; erythema AB Sulfur mustard (HD; 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide) can produce incapacitating blisters in humans following dermal exposure. Most non-human animal models, however, do not form the large fluid-filled blisters observed in humans. Many models, nevertheless, do produce similar damage at the dermal/epidermal junction when evaluated by histopathology, In this study, it was observed that the hairless guinea pig (HGP) exhibits similar histopathological responses following exposure to HD vapor. Two sets of HGPs were exposed percutaneonsly for various lengths of time to HD vapor. In one set, the HGPs were sacrificed 24 h after exposure, and skin specimens were collected and processed for histopathology, In the other set, light reflectance was measured at skin test sites 4, 5, 6 and 24 h after exposure, to assess erythema. The Nikolsky's sign test was also performed 24 h after exposure by rotating a metal disk glued to the skin test site and inspecting the skin for loss of epidermis. Probit analysis of data indicated that the exposure durations that produced a 50% incidence of microblisters and Nikolsky's sign were ca. 7.5 and 4.5 min, respectively. Maximum erythema was observed 6 h following a 6 min exposure. Operating parameters for assessing the efficacies of skin protectants have been characterized. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Braue, EH (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Bldg E-3081, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 19 SU 1 BP S55 EP S58 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199912)19:1+3.0.CO;2-W PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 286HP UT WOS:000085437800013 PM 10594902 ER PT J AU Dlugosz, LJ Hocter, WJ Kaiser, KS Knoke, JD Heller, JM Hamid, NA Reed, RJ Kendler, KS Gray, GC AF Dlugosz, LJ Hocter, WJ Kaiser, KS Knoke, JD Heller, JM Hamid, NA Reed, RJ Kendler, KS Gray, GC TI Risk factors for mental disorder hospitalization after the Persian Gulf War: US Armed Forces, June 1, 1991-September 30, 1993 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mental disorders; Persian Gulf syndrome; incidence studies; hospitalization; combat disorders; medical records ID VIETNAM VETERANS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; STRESS DISORDER; HEALTH; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EXPERIENCE; SERVICE; COMBAT; BLACK; PTSD AB Effects of Persian Gulf War (August 2, 1990-luly 31, 1991) and Gulf War occupation on post-War hospitalization risk were evaluated through Cox proportional hazards modeling. Active-duty men (n = 1,775,236) and women (n = 209,760) in the Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps had 30,539 initial postwar hospitalizations for mental disorders between June 1, 1991 and September 30, 1993. Principal diagnoses in the Defense Manpower Data Center hospitalization database were grouped into 10 categories of ICD-9-CM codes. Gulf War service was associated with significantly greater risk for acute reactions to stress and lower risk for personality disorders and adjustment reactions among men. Personnel who served in ground war support occupations (men and women) were at greater risk for postwar drug-related disorders. Men who served in ground war combat occupations were at higher risk for alcohol-related disorders. Longitudinal studies of health, hospitalization, and exposure beginning at recruitment are needed to better understand how exposure to combat affects the mental health of military personnel. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 41 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 52 IS 12 BP 1267 EP 1278 DI 10.1016/S0895-4356(99)00131-6 PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 258AZ UT WOS:000083817000018 PM 10580791 ER PT J AU Ritchey, AK Pollock, BH Lauer, SJ Andejeski, Y Buchanan, GR AF Ritchey, AK Pollock, BH Lauer, SJ Andejeski, Y Buchanan, GR TI Improved survival of children with isolated CNS relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A Pediatric Oncology Group study SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NERVOUS-SYSTEM RELAPSE; ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA; DOSE CYTOSINE-ARABINOSIDE; MENINGEAL LEUKEMIA; CRANIOSPINAL IRRADIATION; CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA; TRIAL; RISK; CHEMOTHERAPY; THERAPY AB Purpose: Isolated meningeal relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) usually has been followed by bone marrow relapse and limited survival. The purpose of this study was to prevent marrow relapse by administering intensive therapy before delayed craniospinal radiation. Patients and Methods: Eighty-three patients with ALL in first bone marrow remission with an isolated CNS relapse were treated with systemic chemotherapy known to enter into the CSF and intrathecal chemotherapy for 6 months. Craniospinal irradiation (24 Gy cranial/15 Gy spinal) was then administered, followed by 1.5 years of maintenance chemotherapy. Results: All 83 patients achieved a second remission. The 4-year event-free survival (EFS) rate was 71.1% +/- 5.3%. There was a fourfold increased risk of relapse for children whose initial remission was less than 18 months. The 4-year EFS rate for patients with a first complete remission greater than or equal to 18 months was 83.3% +/- 5.3%, and for those with a first complete remission less than 18 months, it was 46.2% +/- 10.2% (P =.0002.) There was a low incidence of neurologic toxicity and an unexpectedly high rate of allergic reactions to L-asparaginase. Five patients developed secondary malignancies: two with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia during therapy, one with myelodysplasia after therapy, and two with brain tumors 1.5 to 2 years after cessation of therapy. Conclusion: For children with ALL and an isolated CNS relapse, treatment that delays definitive craniospinal irradiation by 6 months to allow for more intensive systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy results in better EFS than has been previously reported. Using this approach, the long-term prognosis for children with first complete remission greater than or equal to 18 months is comparable to that at the time of original diagnosis of ALL. J Clin Oncol 17:3745-3752. (C) 1999 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. C1 W Virginia Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Pediat Oncol Grp, Stat Off, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Therapy, Washington, DC USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Dallas, TX USA. RP Ritchey, AK (reprint author), Pediat Oncol Grp, 645 N Michigan Ave,Suite 910,9061, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-05587, CA-07431, CA-03161] NR 33 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 12 BP 3745 EP 3752 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 262AJ UT WOS:000084043300007 PM 10577846 ER PT J AU Byrd, JC Dodge, RK Carroll, A Baer, MR Edwards, C Stamberg, J Qumsiyeh, M Moore, JO Mayer, RJ Davey, F Schiffer, CA Bloomfield, CD AF Byrd, JC Dodge, RK Carroll, A Baer, MR Edwards, C Stamberg, J Qumsiyeh, M Moore, JO Mayer, RJ Davey, F Schiffer, CA Bloomfield, CD TI Patients with t(8;21)(q22;q22) and acute myeloid leukemia have superior failure-free and overall survival when repetitive cycles of high-dose cytarabine are administered SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE NONLYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA; INTENSIVE POSTREMISSION CHEMOTHERAPY; PROGNOSTIC-SIGNIFICANCE; CYTOSINE-ARABINOSIDE; REMISSION DURATION; FOLLOW-UP; TRANSLOCATION; THERAPY AB Purpose: To examine the effect of single compared with repetitive (at least three) cycles of high-dose cytarabine after induction therapy for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who have the t(8;21)(q22;q22) karyotype. Patients and Methods: Patients entered onto the study had AML and t(8;21) and attained a complete remission on four successive Cancer and Leukemia Group B studies. In these studies, either greater than or equal to three cycles of high-dose cytarabine or one cycle of high-dose cytarabine was administered, followed by sequential cyclophosphamide/etoposide and mitoxantrone/diaziquone with or without filgrastim support. Outcomes of these two groups of t(8;21) patients were compared. Results: A total of 50 patients with centrally reviewed AML and t(8;21) were assigned to receive one (n = 29) or greater than or equal to three cycles (9 = 21) of high-dose cytarabine as postinduction therapy. The clinical features of these two groups of patients were similar. Initial remission duration for t(8;21) patients assigned to one cycle of high-dose cytarabine was significantly inferior (P =.03), with 62% of patients experiencing relapse with a median failure-free survival of 10.5 months, compared with the group of patients who received greater than or equal to three cycles, in which only 19% experienced relapse and failure-free survival is estimated to be greater than 35 months. furthermore, overall survival was also significantly compromised (P =.04) in patients assigned to one cycle of high-dose cytarabine, with 59% having died as a consequence of AML, compared with 24% of those who received greater than or equal to three cycles of high-dose cytarabine. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that failure-free survival and overall survival of patients with t(8; 21)(q22;q22) may be compromised by treatment approaches that do not include sequential high-dose cytarabine therapy. J Clin Oncol 17:3767-3775. (C) 1999 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Leukemia Grp B Stat Off, Durham, NC USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Buffalo, NY USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Canc, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Byrd, JC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Ward 78, Washington, DC 20307 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA33601, CA47545, CA26806] NR 38 TC 194 Z9 205 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 12 BP 3767 EP 3775 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 262AJ UT WOS:000084043300009 PM 10577848 ER PT J AU Sun, WD Pollak, FH Folkes, PA Gumbs, G AF Sun, WD Pollak, FH Folkes, PA Gumbs, G TI Band-bending effect of low temperature GaAs on a pseudomorphic modulation-doped field-effect transistor SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE semiconductor heterostructure; photoluminescence; defects; compensation ID QUANTUM-WELL STRUCTURES; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; BUFFER; ABSORPTION AB Low temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements on pseudomorphic modulation-doped transistors with a low-temperature (LT) GaAs layer in the GaAs buffer layer clearly show a decrease in the quantum well PL transition energies compared to a structure with no LT GaAs. Self-consistent calculations of the electron and hole bandstructure suggest that the observed increase in the redshift in PL energies with increasing quantum well-LT GaAs spacing can be attributed to band bending induced by the Fermi level pinning at the undoped GaAs/LT GaAs interface and a novel carrier compensation effect of LT GaAs. C1 CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Phys, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. CUNY Brooklyn Coll, New York State Ctr Adv Technol Ultrafast Photon M, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10016 USA. CUNY, Univ Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Sun, WD (reprint author), CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Phys, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 28 IS 12 BP L38 EP L41 DI 10.1007/s11664-999-0146-3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 268ZB UT WOS:000084449600031 ER PT J AU O'Malley, PG Jackson, JL Santoro, J Tomkins, G Balden, E Kroenke, K AF O'Malley, PG Jackson, JL Santoro, J Tomkins, G Balden, E Kroenke, K TI Antidepressant therapy for unexplained symptoms and symptom syndromes SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Review DE antidepressive agents; depression; symptoms and general pathology ID DOUBLE-BLIND CROSSOVER; TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE; IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME; CHRONIC IDIOPATHIC PAIN; LOW-BACK-PAIN; MIGRAINE PROPHYLAXIS; PRIMARY FIBROMYALGIA; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS AB OBJECTIVE. To determine the efficacy of antidepressant therapy for unexplained symptoms or symptom syndromes. SEARCH STRATEGIES. We identified original studies through searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycLIT, the Federal Research in Progress database, and The Cochrane Library. We also searched the bibliographies of primary and review articles for additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA. We excluded trials of patients with neuropathic, oncologic, or degenerative joint pain. Independent duplicate review of 392 articles identified 94 relevant reports of randomized trials involving 6595 patients across 6 symptom syndromes. Independent duplicate assessment was made for inclusion and data abstraction. Meta-analysis was performed on extractable placebo-controlled data. MAIN RESULTS. Of 94 included trials, most studied either tricyclic antidepressants, antiserotonin antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRls), or multiple agents for the treatment of the following syndromes: headache (50), fibromyalgia (18), functional gastrointestinal syndromes (13), idiopathic pain (11), tinnitus (2), and chronic fatigue (2). The quality of the studies was fair (mean score = 4.8 on a scale of 0 to 8). A majority of the studies (69%) demonstrated benefit for at least one outcome measure. Symptom improvement typically did not correlate with depression response in the few studies where it was assessed. Meta-analysis of all extractable data showed a substantial benefit from antidepressants: For the dichotomous outcome of improvement, the odds ratio was 3.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6 - 4.5), and for continuous outcomes, the standardized mean difference was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.59 - 1.14). The absolute percentage difference in improvement between the antidepressant and placebo arms was 32%, yielding a number needed to treat of 3 to improve one person's symptoms. Meta-regression indicated no differential effect across the classes of antidepressants; however, onbivariate tally tricyclic studies were associated with a greater likelihood of efficacy than SSRI studies (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS. Antidepressants can be effective for various physical symptoms and symptom syndromes. The relation of outcome to depression and the efficacy of SSRls needs further study. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, El Paso, TX USA. Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, Indianapolis, IN USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP O'Malley, PG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 116 TC 205 Z9 207 U1 1 U2 10 PU DOWDEN PUBLISHING CORP PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 48 IS 12 BP 980 EP 990 PG 11 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 314VE UT WOS:000087077600006 PM 10628579 ER PT J AU Yankielun, NE Zabilansky, L AF Yankielun, NE Zabilansky, L TI Laboratory investigation of time-domain reflectometry system for monitoring bridge scour SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SOIL AB Bridge scour is a severe problem that costs millions of dollars of damage to infrastructure annually and causes occasional loss of life. Scour occurs during times of rapid river flow and can be increased by icing conditions when sediments, including rocks, gravel, and silt, are transported by the currents, undermining bridge pier and abutment foundations and other structures. Scour is dynamic; during a single high-flow event, scour may occur during rising stages and near the peak. Deposition of sediments into the scoured area may occur during falling stages and during low flow. The worst case and the net effect cannot be easily predicted. Monitoring scour is difficult, and existing instruments have limitations that prevent their use in some situations. A technique and system employing time-domain reflectometry can be used to constantly monitor the extent of scour around riverine structures. This system is capable of continuous round-the-clock operation and can indicate changes in sediment depth of less than 5 cm. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ice Engn Res Div, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Yankielun, NE (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ice Engn Res Div, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 14 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 1999 VL 125 IS 12 BP 1279 EP 1284 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:12(1279) PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 255RA UT WOS:000083682900007 ER PT J AU Cerutti, C Durlacher, RR de Alencar, FEC Segurado, AAC Pang, LW AF Cerutti, C Durlacher, RR de Alencar, FEC Segurado, AAC Pang, LW TI In vivo efficacy of mefloquine for the treatment of falciparum malaria in Brazil SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; THAILAND AB Ninety-four patients with falciparum malaria were treated with mefloquine (1000-mg single dose) and remained hospitalized in a malaria-free area for a minimum of 28 days. There was 1 parasitologic failure (grade I resistance [RI]) for a 99% cure rate (95% confidence interval, 94.2%-99.7%). Mean parasite clearance time by thick smear was 45.7 h (SD, 11.4 h), The subject in whom therapy failed had a parasite clearance time (71 h) >2 SD above the population mean. His plasma mefloquine level 48 h after administration was lower (578 ng/mL) than the range of levels from 8 randomly selected cured subjects (834-2360 ng/mL), The IC50 to mefloquine for the recrudescent strain of the RI failure was in the upper 90th percentile of IC50 values from 30 cured subjects. These results show a high mefloquine cure rate but document the onset and mechanism of the emergence of resistance. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Infect & Parasit Dis Dept, Sao Paulo, Brazil. USA, Med Res Unit, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Pang, LW (reprint author), USA, Med Component, Dept Enter Dis, APO, AP 96546 USA. RI Segurado, Aluisio/K-2229-2012; Cerutti Junior, Crispim/C-4529-2011 OI Segurado, Aluisio/0000-0002-6311-8036; NR 15 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 180 IS 6 BP 2077 EP 2080 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 263QW UT WOS:000084137600048 PM 10558975 ER PT J AU Taylor, DN Levine, MM Kuppens, L Ivanoff, B AF Taylor, DN Levine, MM Kuppens, L Ivanoff, B TI Why are typhoid vaccines not recommended for epidemic typhoid fever? SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID VI CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; SALMONELLA-TYPHI; IMMUNIZATION; VACCINATION; EFFICACY C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. WHO, Communicable Dis Surveillance & Response, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. WHO, Vaccines & Dev, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Taylor, DN (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 180 IS 6 BP 2089 EP 2090 DI 10.1086/315159 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 263QW UT WOS:000084137600051 PM 10558978 ER PT J AU Sondeen, JL Dubick, MA Yu, YJ Majumdar, APN AF Sondeen, JL Dubick, MA Yu, YJ Majumdar, APN TI Hemorrhage and renal ischemia-reperfusion upregulates the epidermal growth factor receptor in rabbit duodenum SO JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TYROSINE KINASE-ACTIVITY; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; GASTRIC-MUCOSA; FREE-RADICALS; PROTEIN; INDUCTION; SHOCK; PHOSPHORYLATION; TRAUMA; CELLS AB To study the role of EGF-R in small intestinal adaptation to hemorrhage and I/R, anesthetized rabbits were implanted aseptically with arterial and venous catheters and bilateral renal artery Doppler flow probes and silastic occluders and allowed to recover. Rabbits were then randomly assigned to one of six groups: time control; hemorrhage (22.5 mL/kg) and 2.5 hours of renal occlusion (hemorrhage plus I/R); hemorrhage plus I/R and 2:1 LRS resuscitation; hemorrhage plus I/R and 3:1 LRS resuscitation; hemorrhage alone; or I/R alone. Rabbits were killed 48 hours after hemorrhage, and a section of duodenum was collected for analysis. Hemorrhage plus I/R induced a 2.5-fold increase in EGF-R tyrosine kinase activity compared with that found in the control group (P < .05), and this effect was not modified by either LRS resuscitation regimen. This increased activity was associated with similar increases in EGF-R protein concentrations and approximately a 50% increase in EGF-R messenger (m)RNA levels compared with levels found in the control group. Further analysis of possible regulatory mechanisms for the increased EGF-R expression after hemorrhage plus I/R detected higher levels of EGF-R phosphorylation compared with those found in the control group but no significant increases in transforming growth factor-alpha mRNA levels. These data, coupled with a significant increase in duodenal thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance concentrations from rabbits in the hemorrhage plus I/R group, support the hypothesis that tyrosine kinase signal transduction pathways involving the EGF-R are activated in the small intestine after hemorrhage, renal I/R, or both, and this process may be mediated, at least in part, by oxidant stress. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, MTR Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Detroit, MI USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Dubick, MA (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, MTR Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG14343] NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-2143 J9 J LAB CLIN MED JI J. Lab. Clin. Med. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 134 IS 6 BP 641 EP 648 DI 10.1016/S0022-2143(99)90105-1 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Medical Laboratory Technology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 263LH UT WOS:000084125800015 PM 10595793 ER PT J AU Balevicius, S Jukna, A Satkovskis, E Kiprijanovic, O Pyragas, V Vengalis, B Lisauskas, V Anisimovas, F Butkute, R Abrutis, A Altgilbers, L AF Balevicius, S Jukna, A Satkovskis, E Kiprijanovic, O Pyragas, V Vengalis, B Lisauskas, V Anisimovas, F Butkute, R Abrutis, A Altgilbers, L TI Fast high-voltage light triggered superconducting opening switch SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Physics and Chemistry of Molecular and Oxide Superconductors (MOS-99) CY JUL 28-AUG 02, 1999 CL ROYAL INST TECHNOL, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Royal Inst Technol, Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Swedish Nat Sci, Engn Sci Res Councils, SAS, Gran Gustafsson Fdn, City of Stockholm HO ROYAL INST TECHNOL AB The dynamics of light induced switching from the super-conducting or mixed state to the normal state were investigated in thin Y-Ba-Cu-O films biased by high-current nanosecond pulses. It was demonstrated that the subnanosecond duration voltage transients with amplitudes of up to several hundred volts which are generated by the light triggered super-conducting opening switch are the result of film heating by light pulses and the bins current. C1 Inst Semicond Phys, LT-2600 Vilnius, Lithuania. Vilnius State Univ, LT-2006 Vilnius, Lithuania. USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Balevicius, S (reprint author), Inst Semicond Phys, A Gostauto 11, LT-2600 Vilnius, Lithuania. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 117 IS 5-6 BP 1561 EP 1565 DI 10.1023/A:1022595128422 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 269PK UT WOS:000084486600094 ER PT J AU Handschuh, RF Bibel, GD AF Handschuh, RF Bibel, GD TI Experimental and analytical study of aerospace spiral bevel gear tooth fillet stresses SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL DESIGN LA English DT Article AB An aerospace-quality spiral bevel gearset was analytically and experimentally rolled through mesh to investigate tooth bending stress. A nonlinear finite element model utilized multiple teeth from the pinion and gear to simulate three-dimensional multitooth contact. The results were compared to those obtained experimentally with strain gages. A total of Jive strain gages, mounted in the root/fillet region of three teeth, were used. Effects of changing speed and load were measured. Tests were conducted from static (slow roll) to 14,400 rpm at power levels up to 537 kW (720 hp). C1 NASA, USA, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Handschuh, RF (reprint author), NASA, USA, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-0472 J9 J MECH DESIGN JI J. Mech. Des. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 121 IS 4 BP 565 EP 572 DI 10.1115/1.2829500 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 271KR UT WOS:000084593200016 ER PT J AU Valli, LCP Passos, VMA Dietze, R Callahan, HL Berman, JD Grogl, M AF Valli, LCP Passos, VMA Dietze, R Callahan, HL Berman, JD Grogl, M TI Humoral immune responses among mucosal and cutaneous leishmaniasis patients caused by Leishmania braziliensis SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL CHAGAS-DISEASE; TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI; ANTIBODIES; MEXICANA AB Mucosal leishmaniasis is arguably the most morbid sequelae of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The importance of early diagnosis for effective therapy, coupled with the difficulty of diagnosing the disease parasitologically, prompted this investigation of humoral immune markers of mucosal disease. Promastigote soluble antigens of Leishmania braziliensis, isolated from cutaneous and mucosal lesions, were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; antigens were identified by immunoblotting with parasite-specific IgG antibody-positive sera of patients with mucosal disease (n = 18) and cutaneous disease (n = 23). For antigens of the cutaneous parasite WR 2095, mucosal sera generally reacted intensely to antigens of 75, 66, and 45 kDa and weakly to 48-50-kDa antigens, whereas cutaneous sera generally detected weakly the first 3 antigens and intensely the latter doubler. The data suggest that the transition from the cutaneous antigenic profile to a mucosal antigenic profile could be used to predict mucosal disease in approximately half of mucosal patients. An additional finding was that antibodies present in the sera of patients with mucosal disease labeled a 66-kDa peptide of normal human lip mucosa more intensely than did cutaneous sera. Autoimmune processes stimulated by the reaction of IgG, originally directed against the 66-kDa of L. braziliensis, to the 66-kDa antigen of mucosal tissue may contribute to the clinical presentation of mucosal leishmaniasis. C1 Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil. RP Grogl, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Passos, Valeria/B-5345-2014 OI Passos, Valeria/0000-0003-2829-5798 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1076 EP 1083 DI 10.2307/3285671 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 273GU UT WOS:000084700200015 PM 10647040 ER PT J AU Dinauer, CAW Tuttle, RM Robie, DK McClellan, DR Francis, GL AF Dinauer, CAW Tuttle, RM Robie, DK McClellan, DR Francis, GL TI Extensive surgery improves recurrence-free survival for children and young patients with class I papillary thyroid carcinoma SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article DE thyroid carcinoma; thyroidectomy ID PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; FOLLOW-UP; CANCER; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDHOOD; MANAGEMENT; CHERNOBYL; POPULATION; LOBECTOMY; THERAPY AB Background: Children with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) rarely die of their disease, but are at high risk for recurrence, particularly with multifocal tumors (which occur in 42% of children with PTC). It is not clear if more extensive surgery, with an increased risk of complications, lessens the risk for recurrence. The authors hypothesized that patients with disease presumed to be confined to the thyroid gland (class I PTC) could have multifocal disease, involving the contralateral lobe, of which the surgeon is unaware. Treatment with less than subtotal thyroidectomy might be associated with a higher risk of recurrence. Methods: The charts of 37 patients with Class I PTC diagnosed at less than or equal to 21 years of age between 1953 and 1996 were reviewed. The incidence of surgical complications and the risk of recurrence based on the extent of initial surgery ([1] lobectomy with or without isthmusectomy, [2] subtotal, or [3] total thyroidectomy) and adjunctive therapy with thyroid hormone or radioactive iodine (RAI) were examined. Results: Eight patients had recurrent PTC. Patients treated with lobectomy with or without isthmusectomy were more likely to have recurrence than patients treated with subtotal or total thyroidectomy (Odds ratio, 8.7; 95% CI 1.4 to 54). Although the incidence of complications was statistically similar among the 3 surgical groups, 3 patients, all treated with more extensive surgery, had permanent hypoparathyroidism. There were too few patients to determine whether treatment with thyroid hormone or RAI offered additional benefit. Conclusions: In children with Class I PTC, more extensive surgery is associated with a lower risk of recurrence. This finding must be weighed against the risk of complications when determining the optimal treatment for individual patients. J Pediatr Surg 34:1799-1804. Copyright (C) 1999 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Dinauer, CAW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 6825 16th St NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 47 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1799 EP 1804 PG 6 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA 266FA UT WOS:000084288900011 ER PT J AU Muderhwa, JM Matyas, GR Spitler, LE Alving, CR AF Muderhwa, JM Matyas, GR Spitler, LE Alving, CR TI Oil-in-water liposomal emulsions: Characterization and potential use in vaccine delivery SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; MALARIA ANTIGEN; ADJUVANTS; PROTEINS; MACROPHAGES; INDUCTION; CARRIERS; PEPTIDES; SYSTEM AB Emulsification of mineral oil by phospholipids donated by liposomes composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine, dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol, cholesterol, and lipid A by extrusion resulted in the formation of oil-in-water liposomal emulsions containing a substantial number of intact liposomes. Increasing the proportion of liposomes from 25 mM to 150 mM phospholipid and increasing the oil content from 2.5% (v/v) to 42.5% (v/v) changed the flow characteristics of the emulsions from fluid liquidlike to viscous. Likewise, the degree of stability of the emulsions was liposomal phospholipid concentration-dependent, ranging from partial emulsification in the range 25-100 mM to complete stabilization in the range 125-150 mM. Despite some loss of liposome integrity, as evidenced by the release of liposomal trapped glucose, emulsification of liposomes containing encapsulated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) exhibited antigen-specific immunostimulation in mice. These results suggest that liposomes containing encapsulated antigen can serve as constituents for the formulation of oil-in-water vaccines. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Jenner Biotherapies Inc, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. RP Muderhwa, JM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0022-3549 J9 J PHARM SCI JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 88 IS 12 BP 1332 EP 1339 DI 10.1021/js990011u PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 261WX UT WOS:000084034400016 PM 10585231 ER PT J AU Ader, DN Shriver, CD Browne, MW AF Ader, DN Shriver, CD Browne, MW TI Cyclical mastalgia: premenstrual syndrome or recurrent pain disorder? SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cyclical mastalgia; benign breast pain; premenstrual syndrome ID BENIGN BREAST DISEASE; PREVALENCE; IMPACT; SAMPLE; WOMEN AB Approximately 8-10% of premenopausal women experience moderate to severe perimenstrual breast pain or cyclical mastalgia, monthly. This mastalgia can occur regularly for years until menopause, can interfere with usual activities, and is associated with elevated utilization of mammography among young women. Although mastalgia is a well documented symptom in premenstrual syndrome (PMS), if is unknown whether PIS is necessarily present in women with cyclical mastalgia. The present study prospectively examined mastalgia and its relationship to PMS, Thirty-two premenopausal women reporting recent mastalgia completed breast pain and menstrual symptom stales daily for 3-6 months. Eleven women (34.4 %) met criteria for clinically significant cyclical mastalgia, reporting an average of 10.2 days of moderate severe mastalgia monthly. Five women (15.6%) met criteria for PMS. Mastalgia was not significantly associated with PMS: 82 % of women with clinical cyclical mastalgia did trot have PMS. Cyclical mastalgia, although by definition associated with the menstrual cycle, is not simply premenstrual symptom, and,merits further investigations as a recurrent pain disorder whose presentation, etiology, and effective treatment are likely to differ from those of PMS. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Ader, DN (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP PI CARNFORTH LANCASHIRE PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH LANCASHIRE LA6 2LA, ENGLAND SN 0167-482X J9 J PSYCHOSOM OBST GYN JI J. Psychosomat. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 20 IS 4 BP 198 EP 202 DI 10.3109/01674829909075596 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Psychiatry GA 279PF UT WOS:000085053500004 PM 10656154 ER PT J AU Wesensten, NJ Balkin, TJ Belenky, G AF Wesensten, NJ Balkin, TJ Belenky, G TI Does sleep fragmentation impact recuperation? A review and reanalysis SO JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE alertness; arousals; disruption; fragmentation; performance; sleep stage ID DAYTIME SLEEPINESS; REM-SLEEP; PERFORMANCE; DISRUPTION; DEPRIVATION; MOOD; CONSEQUENCES; AROUSALS; TENDENCY AB Studies have shown that next-day performance and alertness are impaired by sleep fragmentation procedures even when total sleep time (TST) is unaffected. Based on these studies it has been hypothesized that both the duration and continuity of sleep determine its recuperative value. This review of the literature suggests that when sleep fragmentation procedures increase the relative amount of stage 1 sleep, next-day performance and alertness are impaired. Other studies suggest that stage 1 sleep has little or no recuperative value. Total sleep time, however, is typically defined as the sum of time spent in sleep stages 1, 2, 3, 4, and REM. In the present paper it is shown that when stage 1 sleep is excluded from TST, a stronger relationship between TST and subsequent alertness and performance emerges - and the need to invoke 'sleep continuity' as a variable that contributes independently to recuperative sleep processes is obviated. In the same way that partial or total sleep deprivation impairs alertness and performance, it is proposed that sleep disruption also impairs alertness and performance by reducing true recuperative sleep time. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neuropsychiat, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Wesensten, NJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neuropsychiat, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 39 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1105 J9 J SLEEP RES JI J. Sleep Res. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 8 IS 4 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2869.1999.00161.x PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 278KJ UT WOS:000084988700001 PM 10646163 ER PT J AU Dosso, SE Sotirin, BJ AF Dosso, SE Sotirin, BJ TI Optimal array element localization SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MATCHED-FIELD INVERSION; OCEAN-BOTTOM PROPERTIES AB Advanced array processing methods require accurate knowledge-of the location of individual elements in a sensor array. Array element localization (AEL) methods are typically based on inverting acoustic travel-time measurements from a series of controlled sources at well-known positions to the sensors to be localized. An important issue in AEL is designing the configuration of source positions: a well-designed configuration can produce substantially better sensor localization than a poor configuration. In this paper, the effects of the source configuration and of errors in the data, source positions, and ocean sound speed are quantified using a sensor-position error measure based on the a posteriori uncertainty of a general formulation of the AEL inverse problem. Optimal AEL source configurations are determined by minimizing this error measure with respect to the source positions using an efficient hybrid optimization algorithm. This approach is highly flexible, and,can be applied to any sensor configuration and combination of errors; it is also straightforward to apply constraints to the source positions, or to include-the effects of data errors that vary with range. The ability to determine optimal source configurations as a function of the number of sources and of the errors in the data, source positions, and sound speed allows the effects of each of these factors to be examined quantitatively in a consistent manner. A modeling study considering these factors can guide in the design of AEL systems to meet specific,objectives for sensor localization. (C) 1999 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(99)03912-0]. C1 Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. USA, Corps Engineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03775 USA. RP Dosso, SE (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 106 IS 6 BP 3445 EP 3459 DI 10.1121/1.428198 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 266YW UT WOS:000084328700044 ER PT J AU Peyton, EL Pecor, JE Gaffigan, TV Trpis, M Rueda, LM Wilkerson, RC AF Peyton, EL Pecor, JE Gaffigan, TV Trpis, M Rueda, LM Wilkerson, RC TI The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Lloyd E. Rozeboom mosquito collection SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE collection; Culicidae; diptera; Rozeboom AB The Lloyd E. Rozeboom mosquito collection from the Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD, has been transferred to the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian institution, Washington, DC. This historically and taxonomically important collection has specimens representing 32 genera, 78 subgenera, and 763 species from most mosquito faunal areas of the world. The collection consists of 12,015 individually pinned and labeled adults, and 7,179 microscope slide preparations of immature stages and male and female genitalia. A tabulation of genera, subgenera, species, countries, faunal areas, and number of specimens for each type of preparation is provided. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Div Commun Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Pecor, JE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Div Commun Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 2200 E PRIEN LAKE RD, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70601 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 15 IS 4 BP 526 EP 551 PG 26 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 265KP UT WOS:000084243700014 PM 10612617 ER PT J AU Cui, LW Chang, SH Strickman, D Rowton, E AF Cui, LW Chang, SH Strickman, D Rowton, E TI Frequency of Wolbachia infection in laboratory and field sand fly (Diptera : Psychodidae) populations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE sand fly; Wolbachia; laboratory colony; Lutzomyia; Phlebotomus; Sergentomyia ID SEQUENCES AB Using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with primers designed for the Wolbachia 16S rRNA and outer surface protein (wsp) gene, we screened 11 laboratory colonies and 4 field samples of 6 sand fly species for Wolbachia infection. Infection was only detected in 3 laboratory colonies of Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli, originally collected in Israel, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Cui, LW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Rowton, Edgar/A-4474-2012; Rowton, Edgar/A-1975-2011 OI Rowton, Edgar/0000-0002-1979-1485 NR 8 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 2200 E PRIEN LAKE RD, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70601 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 15 IS 4 BP 571 EP 572 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 265KP UT WOS:000084243700019 PM 10612622 ER PT J AU Chao, PT Hobbs, BF Venkatesh, BN AF Chao, PT Hobbs, BF Venkatesh, BN TI How climate uncertainty should be included in Great Lakes management: Modeling workshop results SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE water resources planning; climate change; decision support systems; risk analysis; Lake Erie; Great Lakes ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; DECISION-ANALYSIS AB In two workshops, we evaluated decision analysis methods for comparing Lake Erie levels management alternatives under climate change uncertainty. In particular, we wanted to see how acceptable and effective those methods could be in a public planning setting. The methods evaluated included simulation modeling, scenario analysis, decision trees and structured group discussions. We evaluated the methods by interviewing the workshop participants before and after the workshops. The participants, who were experienced Great Lakes water resources managers, concluded that simulation modeling is user-friendly enough to enable scenario analysis even in workshop settings for large public planning studies. They felt that simulation modeling can improve not only understanding of the system, but also of the options for managing it. Scenario analysis revealed that the decision for the ease study, Lake Erie water level regulation, could be altered by the likelihood of climate change. The participants also recommended that structured group discussions be used in public planning settings to elicit ideas and opinions. On the other hand, the participants were less optimistic about decision trees because they felt that the public might view subjective probabilities as difficult to understand and subject to manipulation. C1 USA, Inst Water Resources, Corps Engineers, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. ICF Resourses Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. RP Chao, PT (reprint author), USA, Inst Water Resources, Corps Engineers, 7701 Telegraph Rd, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RI Hobbs, Benjamin/A-3291-2010 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1485 EP 1497 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb04232.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 271ZB UT WOS:000084624600018 ER PT J AU Olsen, JR Stedinger, JR Matalas, NC Stakhiv, EZ AF Olsen, JR Stedinger, JR Matalas, NC Stakhiv, EZ TI Climate variability and flood frequency estimation for the Upper Mississippi and Lower Missouri Rivers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE surface water hydrology; floods; climate variability; climate trends; climate change; Upper Mississippi River; Lower Missouri River ID UNITED-STATES; TRENDS; PRECIPITATION AB This paper considers the distribution of flood flows in the Upper Mississippi, Lower Missouri, and Illinois Rivers and their relationship to climatic indices. Global climate patterns including El Nino/Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and the North Atlantic Oscillation explained very little of the variations in flow peaks. However, large and statistically significant upward trends were found in many gauge records along the Upper Mississippi and Missouri Rivers: at Hermann on the Missouri River above the confluence with the Mississippi (p = 2 percent), at Hannibal on the Mississippi River (p < 0.1 percent), at Meredosia on the Illinois River (p = 0.7 percent), and at St. Louis on the Mississippi below the confluence of all three rivers (p = 1 percent). This challenges the traditional assumption that flood series are independent and identically distributed random variables and suggests that flood risk changes over time. C1 USA, Inst Water Resources, Corps Engineers, CEWRC IWR P,Policy & Special Studies Div, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Olsen, JR (reprint author), USA, Inst Water Resources, Corps Engineers, CEWRC IWR P,Policy & Special Studies Div, Casey Bldg,7701 Telegraph Rd, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 22 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 6 U2 13 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1509 EP 1523 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb04234.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 271ZB UT WOS:000084624600020 ER PT J AU Jing, X Ireland, T Gibbons, C Barber, DJ Silver, J Vecht, A Fern, G Trowga, P Morton, DC AF Jing, X Ireland, T Gibbons, C Barber, DJ Silver, J Vecht, A Fern, G Trowga, P Morton, DC TI Control of Y2O3 : Eu spherical particle phosphor size, assembly properties, and performance for FED and HDTV SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POWDERS AB The preparation of spherical phosphor (Y2O3:Eu) particles that are monosized for a given set of conditions, are described. The nature of the resulting self-assembled and close packed phosphor spherical particles appears to be very promising for both field emission devices (FED) and high definition television (HDTV). The size of the particles can be controlled by careful manipulation of the experimental conditions, the rationale behind this is discussed. The luminescent efficiency of the particles as a function of particle size it, also reported. It is demonstrated that good light output is possible from nanocrystals. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)03-068-9. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Greenwich, Sch Life & Chem Sci, London SE18 6PF, England. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Jing, X (reprint author), Univ Greenwich, Sch Life & Chem Sci, London SE18 6PF, England. RI Fern, George/J-8153-2012; silver, jack/J-7502-2013 OI Fern, George/0000-0002-0016-5038; silver, jack/0000-0001-8669-9673 NR 15 TC 125 Z9 130 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 146 IS 12 BP 4654 EP 4658 DI 10.1149/1.1392689 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 265PE UT WOS:000084251900051 ER PT J AU Druger, SD Bronk, BV AF Druger, SD Bronk, BV TI Internal and scattered electric fields in the discrete dipole approximation SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZED-LIGHT SCATTERING; ENHANCED ENERGY-TRANSFER; SMALL PARTICLES; GRAINS; RAMAN AB The calculated scattering matrix elements and interior electric fields for a dielectric sphere based on the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) are compared with the exact Mie solution for homogeneous and composite spheres. For homogeneous spheres the macroscopic average field produced at each DDA dipole site by the incident field combined with the field from all DDA sites is found to be approximated by the factor (n(1)(2) + 2)/3 multiplied by the Mie macroscopic field, where nl is the refractive index. This holds to surprising accuracy, considering the finite wavelength and the small number of dipoles used in the DDA approximation. The approximate relation is most accurate near the center of the sphere and least accurate at the interface. The relation also holds for electric fields within composite spheres, with poorer agreement near each interface, where the refractive index changes. The dependence of this relation on parameters of the model is examined. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3224(99)00812-7]. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Druger, SD (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 16 IS 12 BP 2239 EP 2246 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.16.002239 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 262JT UT WOS:000084064300010 ER PT J AU Laroche, M Braud, A Girard, S Doualan, JL Moncorge, R Thuau, M Merkle, LD AF Laroche, M Braud, A Girard, S Doualan, JL Moncorge, R Thuau, M Merkle, LD TI Spectroscopic investigations of the 4f5d energy levels of Pr3+ in fluoride crystals by excited-state absorption and two-step excitation measurements SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-LASER EMISSION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; STIMULATED-EMISSION; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; EARTH IONS; PR-3+; LIYF4; FLUORESCENCE; TRANSITIONS; OPERATION AB Excited-state absorption spectra obtained by a pulsed pump-probe technique specially designed for the near-UV spectral domain were recorded in three Pr3+-doped fluoride crystals (KY3F10, LiYF4, and BaY2F8). These excited-state absorption spectra correspond to optical transitions from the P-3(0) or the D-1(2) metastable levels of the 4f(2) configuration up to the first energy levels of the 4f5d electronic configuration. The position, the anisotropic behavior, and the line shape of the observed excited-state absorption bands are discussed and compared with ground-state absorption (from level H-3(4)) or direct excitation spectra available in the literature. Subsequently, two-step excitation into the 4f5d high-lying energy levels of Pr-3 by means of P-3(0) and D-1(2) is shown to be an efficient way to produce broadband UV fluorescence by use of pump beams in the blue and the near UV. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3224(99)00712-2]. C1 Inst Sci Mat & Rayonnement, CEA,CNRS,UMR 6637, Ctr Interdiscipl Rech Ions Lasers Equipe Mat, F-14050 Caen, France. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Laroche, M (reprint author), Inst Sci Mat & Rayonnement, CEA,CNRS,UMR 6637, Ctr Interdiscipl Rech Ions Lasers Equipe Mat, 6 Blvd Marechal Juin, F-14050 Caen, France. NR 31 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 16 IS 12 BP 2269 EP 2277 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.16.002269 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 262JT UT WOS:000084064300013 ER PT J AU Stackhouse, GB Sesterhenn, IA Bauer, JJ Mostofi, FK Connelly, RR Srivastava, SK Moul, JW AF Stackhouse, GB Sesterhenn, IA Bauer, JJ Mostofi, FK Connelly, RR Srivastava, SK Moul, JW TI p53 and bcl-2 immunohistochemistry in pretreatment prostate needle biopsies to predict recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate neoplasms; prostatectomy; neoplasm staging; protein p53; c-bcl-2 proteins ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; RADIATION-THERAPY; EXPRESSION; ADENOCARCINOMA; CARCINOMA; APOPTOSIS; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; MANAGEMENT; PROGNOSIS; MUTATIONS AB Purpose: Immunohistochemical staining of radical prostatectomy specimens for p53 and bcl-2 proteins has been shown to correlate with prostate specific antigen (PSA) recurrence in a series of patients at our institution. We analyzed the relationship between staining of diagnostic prostate needle biopsies for p53 and bcl-2, and PSA recurrence. Materials and Methods: From 1986 to 1993, 335 radical prostatectomies were performed at; our hospital. Of the prostatectomy specimens 199 had been evaluated for p53 and bcl-2 proteins in a prior series. Of 139 patients with biopsy material available for analysis 129 had enough for evaluation of 1 or bath markers. Prospectively obtained clinical followup data were available, with a mean followup of 6 years. Commercially available antibodies were used for immunohistochemical staining. Results: The overall PSA recurrence rate was 37.6% for 199 radical prostatectomy cases and 37.9% for 129 with biopsy immunohistochemical staining. Staining of prostatectomies correlated well with PSA recurrence for p53 (p = 0.004) and bcl-2 (p = 0.001). However, biopsy staining did not correlate with prostatectomy staining or PSA recurrence for either marker. Conclusions: The p53 and bcl-2 biomarkers appear to be important to predict recurrence of prostate cancer when prostatectomy specimens are analyzed but this usefulness is not apparent with immunohistochemical staining of prostate biopsies. This difference may reflect sampling error and/or the heterogeneous nature of prostate cancers, and deserves further study. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Genitourinary, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 36 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 162 IS 6 BP 2040 EP 2045 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)68095-0 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 254XL UT WOS:000083639500049 PM 10569564 ER PT J AU Carmody, BJ Arora, S Avena, R Curry, KM Simpkins, J Cosby, K Sidawy, AN AF Carmody, BJ Arora, S Avena, R Curry, KM Simpkins, J Cosby, K Sidawy, AN TI Accelerated carotid artery disease after high-dose head and neck radiotherapy: Is there a role for routine carotid duplex surveillance? SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Meeting of the Eastern-Vascular-Society CY APR 30-MAY 02, 1999 CL PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA SP Eastern Vasc Soc ID ENDARTERECTOMY TRIAL; STENOSIS; IRRADIATION; CRITERIA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; 70-PERCENT AB Purpose: High-dose external radiotherapy used in the treatment of head and neck carcinoma has been implicated as a risk factor far accelerated atherosclerotic disease of the carotid arteries. However, how radiotherapy affects atherosclerotic disease is controversial, and little data exist to demonstrate a strong relationship between radiotherapy and progressive carotid disease. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of 69 patients (all men) who underwent duplex ultrasound scanning examinations for carotid disease between 1993 and 1998. Twenty-three patients had received high-dose radiotherapy for the treatment of head and neck carcinoma within the past 12 years (group 1; mean age, 67.8 years), and 46 patients were randomly selected as age-matched control subjects (group 2; mean age, 68.3 years). The mean radiation dose was 6060 +/- 182 rads, and the average interval between radiotherapy and ultrasound scanning was 6.5 +/- 1.8 years. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the presence of these comorbidities: diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, hypertension, tobacco use, hypercholesterolemia, peripheral vascular disease, or stroke. Similarly, there was no difference in the indications for the duplex scanning studies. Results: Five of the 23 patients in group 1 (21.7%) were found to have advanced carotid disease (70% to 99% stenosis); four patients were symptomatic, three patients went on to endarterectomy, and one patient was awaiting surgery. Two of the 46 patients in the control group (4%) had advanced carotid disease. One patient was symptomatic, and both patients underwent endarterectomy. A significant difference in the prevalence of advanced disease between the two groups was noted (P = .037). Sixteen patients who survived irradiation underwent a second duplex scanning study and had evidence of progressive disease with significant increases in peak systolic velocities. Conclusion: High-dose radiotherapy to the head and neck region may be a significant risk factor for accelerated carotid atherosclerotic disease. Routine carotid duplex surveillance may be warranted in this high-risk patient population. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Arora, S (reprint author), Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Surg 112, 50 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 20422 USA. NR 25 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1045 EP 1049 DI 10.1016/S0741-5214(99)70042-X PG 5 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 262VY UT WOS:000084089400018 PM 10587388 ER PT J AU Carmody, BJ Arora, S Avena, R Cosby, K Sidawy, AN AF Carmody, BJ Arora, S Avena, R Cosby, K Sidawy, AN TI Folic acid inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of human arterial smooth muscle cells SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Meeting of the Eastern-Vascular-Society CY APR 30-MAY 02, 1999 CL PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA SP Eastern Vasc Soc ID PLASMA HOMOCYST(E)INE LEVELS; INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR; VASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; METABOLISM; STROKE; FOLATE AB Purpose: An elevated plasma homocysteine level has been identified as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Whether this represents a marker for vascular disease or a direct effect on the vasculature remains unclear. Because vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play an integral role in the atherosclerotic process, we studied the effect of homocysteine on human infragenicular VSMC proliferation and the role of folic acid in reversing the homocysteine effect. Methods: Human infragenicular VSMCs harvested from amputation specimens were studied. Various cell groups were exposed to physiologic (6.25 mu mol/L and 12.5 mu mol/L) and pathologic (25 mu mol/L to 500 mu mol/L) concentrations of homocysteine. Similar groups were simultaneously exposed to 20 nmol/L of folic acid. Cell counts and DNA synthesis, as reflected by [methyl-H-3]-thymidine incorporation, were performed at 6 days and 24 hours, respectively. Additional groups were exposed to various combinations of folic acid (20 nmol/L), vitamin B-6 (145 nmol/L), and vitamin B-12 (0.45 nmol/L) in the presence of homocysteine (25, 50, and 250 mu mol/L). Results: Homocysteine resulted in a dose-dependent increase in DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. Cell counts increased significantly at homocysteine concentrations ranging from 25 mu mol/L to 500 mu mol/L (P < .05), with a maximal increase of 98% at 500 mu mol/L of homocysteine. The addition of 20 nmol/L folic acid resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation at all homocysteine concentrations studied (P < .001). Maximal inhibition of 70% occurred in the cells exposed to 50 mu mol/L of homocysteine. The increases in [methyl-H-3]-thymidine incorporation ranged from 36% at 6 mu mol/L homocysteine to a maximum of 247% at 500 mu mol/L homocysteine. All increases were statistically significant (P < .05). The addition of 20 nmol/L folic acid resulted in significant inhibition of DNA synthesis (P < .002). Vitamins B-6 and B-12 did not demonstrate significant antiproliferative properties. Conclusion: A possible role of homocysteine in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions is through a direct proliferative effect on VSMCs in a dose-dependent fashion. Folic acid intake at levels available in dietary supplements may prove protective in hyperhomocysteinemia-induced atherosclerosis. Vitamins B-6 and B-12 alone do not appear to exhibit a substantial inhibitory effect in the setting of elevated homocysteine levels. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Surg 112, Washington, DC 20422 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Sidawy, AN (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Surg 112, 50 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 20422 USA. NR 26 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1121 EP 1127 DI 10.1016/S0741-5214(99)70053-4 PG 7 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 262VY UT WOS:000084089400033 PM 10587399 ER PT J AU Keirans, JE Robbins, RG AF Keirans, JE Robbins, RG TI A world checklist of genera, subgenera, and species of ticks (Acari : Ixodida) published from 1973-1997 SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tick taxa (Ixodida) since 1973 AB Researchers on ticks and tickborne diseases have been extremely fortunate in having at their fingertips the tick bibliographies produced by Harry Hoogstraal and his coworkers at the U.S. Naval facility at Cairo, Egypt, and by Mildred Doss and her colleagues at the U.S. Department of Agriculture laboratory at Beltsville, Maryland, USA. The Doss checklist of tick families, genera, species, and subspecies is now 25 years out of date, and the following checklist of one new genus, nine new subgenera, and 110 new species of Ixodida brings together the nomenclature on ticks produced during the last quarter century. C1 Georgia So Univ, Inst Arthropodol & Parasitol, US Natl Tick Collect, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Keirans, JE (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Inst Arthropodol & Parasitol, US Natl Tick Collect, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI SANTA ANA PA PO BOX 87, SANTA ANA, CA 92702 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 24 IS 2 BP 115 EP 129 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 276ZY UT WOS:000084909300003 PM 10672541 ER PT J AU Finnegan, MJ AF Finnegan, MJ TI The security strategy of Unified Korea and the security relations of northeast Asia SO KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEFENSE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB Unified Korea, much like the Republic of Korea today or indeed Chosun and earlier modern-Korea precursor states, will face complex security issues. While wanting to stand tall and independent, it too may be forced to make the realistic decision to rely on other states for at least some of its security needs. I contend that Unified Korea will require a dynamic security strategy with the following components at a minimum: an "independent" foreign policy aimed at ensuring that all regional actors consider a strong, secure and independent Unified Korea is in their security interest; a security alliance with the United States to guarantee independence; active participation in multilateral fora at the regional and international level; and a comprehensive strategy addressing conventional as well as nuclear defense. In many respects, a unified Korea could decide the future of the region. A reliable, strong and secure Korean peninsula will be a source of great stability for the region as a whole. A unified Korea that is weak and/or insecure will continue to be a source of regional instability and major-power rivalry. The unification of the Korean peninsula is not yet at hand. However, it is an eventuality When it occurs, it will change the way the states of Northeast Asia interact with the Korean peninsula and with the other regional states. It is imperative that we begin contemplating the future of this important region. US policy planners would do well to begin long-term strategy assessments, mulling over the most likely security environment created by the probable choices of Unified Korea and the effects on US policy. C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Finnegan, MJ (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU KOREAN INST DEFENSE ANALYSES PI SEOUL PA OFFICE RESEARCH COOPERATION, PO BOX 250,, SEOUL 130-650, SOUTH KOREA SN 1016-3271 J9 KOREAN J DEF ANAL JI Korean J. Def. Anal. PD WIN PY 1999 VL 11 IS 2 BP 121 EP 148 PG 28 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 293KW UT WOS:000085851600005 ER PT J AU Blank, S AF Blank, S TI Proliferation and counterproliferation in Russian strategy SO KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEFENSE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT JINSA-SSI Conference on Proliferation Strategies CY FEB 22, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP JINSA, SSI AB Russia is both a proliferator of nuclear weapons technologies and systems and a potential victim of proliferation. In attempting to deal with ifs strategic dilemma Moscow has opted for a policy of selective proliferation to friendly states like India, Iran, and China and for a relatively soft approach to the overall issue of "rogue states." It sees itself competing with the United Sates for customers in the crucial defense exports market and tinder increasing global pressure on this issue. Moreover, its elites still believe that without exports the defense industry would die. At the same time Moscow's counterproliferation policy is essentially one of deterrence and threats to launch first-strike nuclear ripostes to proliferation threats in its vicinity. The trend towards reliance on nuclear first-strike strategies has intensified due to the Kosovo campaign by NATO in 1999. Today Moscow's new security concept openly proclaims a strategy of limited nuclear war using first strikes both as a means of deterrence and as a means of warfighting. The ambivalent and contradictory policies that Moscow has pursued show that it still is incapable of formulating a coherent defense policy and strategy to meet current strategic realities and can only heighten foreign concerns about Russia's proclivity to support proliferation and degenerating military capabilities. C1 USA, War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Blank, S (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 125 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KOREAN INST DEFENSE ANALYSES PI SEOUL PA OFFICE RESEARCH COOPERATION, PO BOX 250,, SEOUL 130-650, SOUTH KOREA SN 1016-3271 J9 KOREAN J DEF ANAL JI Korean J. Def. Anal. PD WIN PY 1999 VL 11 IS 2 BP 149 EP 189 PG 41 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 293KW UT WOS:000085851600006 ER PT J AU Waag, DM Byrne, WR Estep, J Gibbs, P Pitt, MLM Banfield, CM AF Waag, DM Byrne, WR Estep, J Gibbs, P Pitt, MLM Banfield, CM TI Evaluation of cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus (Macaca mulatta) monkeys as experimental models of acute Q fever after aerosol exposure to phase-I Coxiella burnetii SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID Q-VAX; INFECTION; EFFICACY; OUTBREAK; VACCINE AB Background and Purpose: Q fever is a disease of humans. Vaccines to prevent this disease have demonstrated efficacy in rodents and must also be evaluated for efficacy in a nonhuman primate model. Preliminary to vaccine efficacy experiments, cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys were evaluated as suitable experimental models of acute Q fever. Methods: Both species of monkeys were challenged with aerosolized 10(5) virulent phase-I Coxiella burnetii Henzerling strain, and clinical and serologic responses were determined. Results: Radiographic changes were observed in seven of eight monkeys of both species; however, changes in cynomolgus monkeys tended to be more significant. Between 7 and 10 days after challenge, all rhesus monkeys and 88% of cynomolgus monkeys were bacteremic, Sequential increases in antibody responses to C. burnetii phase-I and phase-II whole cells and phase-I lipopolysaccharide were observed in both species. Although the maximal rectal temperature increase was similar in both species, duration of fever was slightly longer in rhesus monkeys. Clinical features were similar to those described in human acute Q fever patients. Conclusions: On the basis of the more pronounced radiographic changes in cynomolgus monkeys, we favor use of this species for future studies of vaccine efficacy. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Toxinol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Biometr & Informat Management Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Mil Working Dog Vet Serv, Dept Def, Clin Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Waag, DM (reprint author), UIB, MCMR, Bacteriol Div, Pathogenesis & Immunol Branch, Bldg 1412,1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 49 IS 6 BP 634 EP 638 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 273JN UT WOS:000084704300009 PM 10638499 ER PT J AU Meffert, RH Tis, JE Lounici, S Rogers, JS Inoue, N Chao, EYS AF Meffert, RH Tis, JE Lounici, S Rogers, JS Inoue, N Chao, EYS TI Comparison of two systems for tibial external fixation in rabbits SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DISTRACTION OSTEOGENESIS; BONE; LIMB; FRACTURES; INJURY; LENGTH; MODEL AB Background and Purpose: Use of rabbits in orthopedic investigations is common. In this study, focus is on factors that influence bone healing and on distraction osteogenesis, Biomechanical characteristics of two external fixator systems (Orthofix device and Hoffmann device) for long bones were tested. Methods: Twelve freshly dissected tibiae were obtained from six skeletally mature New Zealand White rabbits, and four-point bending stiffness in two planes (90 and 180 degrees to the fixator pins) and torsional stiffness and strength of the bone-fixator complex were evaluated by use of a material testing machine. Results: In four-point bending, Orthofix device had higher stiffness and strength, compared with Hoffmann device. When the load was applied 180 degrees to the pins, both devices had higher stiffness, compared with that at 90 degrees, In torsional testing, Orthofix device had significantly higher stiffness and strength. Conclusions: Significant differences in structural properties between the two systems were evident. Loading direction and gap conditions were important factors in determining properties of the systems. Therefore, type of external fixation system and fixation technique should be considered when designing experiments, using the rabbit long bone model. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Orthopaed Biomech Lab, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Chao, EYS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Orthopaed Biomech Lab, Ross Res Bldg,720 Rutland Ave,Room 235, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 49 IS 6 BP 650 EP 654 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 273JN UT WOS:000084704300012 PM 10638502 ER PT J AU Mundie, TG Hashiro, G AF Mundie, TG Hashiro, G TI Effects of histamine, carbachol, and methacholine on maximal expiratory lung mechanics in goats SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL HISTAMINE; SHEEP; DOGS C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Mundie, TG (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Chem, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 49 IS 6 BP 658 EP 661 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 273JN UT WOS:000084704300014 PM 10638504 ER PT J AU Nimick, TG AF Nimick, TG TI The placement of local magistrates in Ming China SO LATE IMPERIAL CHINA LA English DT Article C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Nimick, TG (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0884-3236 J9 LATE IMP CHINA JI Late Imp. China PD DEC PY 1999 VL 20 IS 2 BP 35 EP 60 DI 10.1353/late.1999.0009 PG 26 WC History SC History GA 318UH UT WOS:000087301900002 ER PT J AU Kerns, J Hsieh, A Hiltner, A Baer, E AF Kerns, J Hsieh, A Hiltner, A Baer, E TI Mechanical behavior of polymer microlayers SO MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article ID POLYCARBONATE; COMPOSITES; PC/SAN; POLY(STYRENE-ACRYLONITRILE); BLENDS AB The mechanical behavior of polycarbonate (PC) coextruded as microlayers with a brittle polymer, either poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), was examined. Adhesion between layers was measured with the T-peel method. The much higher interfacial toughness of PC/PMMA microlayers compared to PC/SAN was attributed to partial miscibility. Comparison of the microdeformation behavior of 32-layer PC/SAN and PC/PMMA microlayers revealed that very good adhesion between PC and PMMA constrained yielding of the PC. This was seen in the tensile stress-strain curves as a broader stress drop at the yield point and a lower fracture strain. Decreasing the layer thickness by increasing the number of layers enhanced the ductility of both PC/SAN and PC/PMMA microlayers. A PC/PMMA microlayer with 4096 layers and a composition of 80 % PC achieved the ballistic performance of polycarbonate. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Appl Polymer Res, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Hiltner, A (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1022-1360 J9 MACROMOL SYMP JI Macromol. Symp. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 147 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1002/masy.19991470104 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 288CP UT WOS:000085544500003 ER PT J AU Cheney, M Isaacson, D Lytle, VI Ackley, SF AF Cheney, M Isaacson, D Lytle, VI Ackley, SF TI Recovery of surface parameters from stepped-frequency radar returns SO MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTERS IN SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE inverse problem; sea ice; progressing wave expansion ID WAVE-PROPAGATION; HALF-SPACE; ICE AB This paper discusses a method for using the reflected signal from a stepped-frequency radar system to obtain the electrical permittivity and conductivity in a thin layer at the flat surface of a (possibly inhomogeneous) body. The method is based on a band-limited version of geometrical optics. (C) 1999 IMACS/Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Antarctic CRC & Australian Antarctic Div, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. USA CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Cheney, M (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4754 J9 MATH COMPUT SIMULAT JI Math. Comput. Simul. PD DEC 1 PY 1999 VL 50 IS 5-6 BP 527 EP 539 DI 10.1016/S0378-4754(99)00102-0 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 258GK UT WOS:000083830100010 ER PT J AU Hansen, V AF Hansen, V TI Rule of evidence 702: The Supreme Court provides a framework for reliability determinations SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article RP Hansen, V (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Criminal Law Dept, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 162 BP 1 EP 49 PG 49 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 268XG UT WOS:000084444500001 ER PT J AU Winkle, JW Solis, GD AF Winkle, JW Solis, GD TI CAAF roping at the jurisdictional rodeo: Clinton v. Goldsmith SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Winkle, JW (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 162 BP 219 EP 226 PG 8 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 268XG UT WOS:000084444500005 ER PT J AU Vanderau, BE AF Vanderau, BE TI Undaunted courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the opening of the American West SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 48, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Vanderau, BE (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 48, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 162 BP 227 EP 235 PG 9 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 268XG UT WOS:000084444500006 ER PT J AU Herring, JW AF Herring, JW TI We wish to inform you that tomorrow we will be killed with our families SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review RP Herring, JW (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 162 BP 236 EP 242 PG 7 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 268XG UT WOS:000084444500007 ER PT J AU Hail, AS Rossi, CA Ludwig, GV Ivins, BE Tammariello, RF Henchal, EA AF Hail, AS Rossi, CA Ludwig, GV Ivins, BE Tammariello, RF Henchal, EA TI Comparison of noninvasive sampling sites for early detection of Bacillus anthracis spores from rhesus monkeys after aerosol exposure SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL INHALATION ANTHRAX; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; PROPHYLAXIS; TERRORISM; SUBTILIS; WEAPONS; AGENTS; THREAT AB Bacillus anthracis, a spore-forming bacterium, is the etiologic agent of anthrax. B. anthracis spores can be aerosolized, are relatively easy to produce, and are capable of producing high mortality when inhaled. The prompt use of postexposure antibiotics combined with vaccination greatly increases the survival rate. Rapid detection of exposure is critical to effective case management. Using common collection swabs, culture medium, and culturing equipment, we compared six different noninvasive sampling sites to determine which might best be used to rapidly detect the presence of B. anthracis spores on rhesus monkeys after aerosolization. The results indicate that the greatest number of spores were deposited in the nares, on the face, and on the haired portions of the head, suggesting that these locations are the most effective sampling sites when attempting to detect B. anthracis aerosol exposure. C1 USA, Vet Med Div, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Hail, AS (reprint author), USA, Vet Med Div, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 164 IS 12 BP 833 EP 837 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 266QF UT WOS:000084310100003 PM 10628152 ER PT J AU Lewis, P Gaule, D AF Lewis, P Gaule, D TI Dealing with drug-seeking patients: The Tripler Army Medical Center experience SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ABUSE; MANAGEMENT; BEHAVIOR AB Patients who exhibit drug-seeking behavior are a chronic problem in most health care delivery settings, In June 1996, Tripler Army Medical Center; a tertiary care hospital serving approximately 300,000 beneficiaries, implemented a sole provider program. to identify and help such patients, A multidisciplinary sole provider team assigns a sole provider to identified drug seekers. Twice a year, the team scans a printout of all prescriptions for controlled substances to identify suspicious drug usage patterns. The team also accepts referrals from health care providers, This article describes the program and reports on results, problems encountered, and steps taken to improve its efficacy. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Lewis, P (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 164 IS 12 BP 838 EP 840 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 266QF UT WOS:000084310100004 PM 10628153 ER PT J AU Tannen, KJ Ciesla, JJ Debboun, M AF Tannen, KJ Ciesla, JJ Debboun, M TI Military preventive medicine support: The Balkan experience SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Preventive medicine (PVNTMED) support to deployed forces is as varied as the circumstances for force deployment. The Bosnia-Herzegovina deployment of the Ist Armored Division as part of the Dayton Peace Accords implementation Forces proved to be no exception to this premise, PVNTMED units, both in the field and at the U.S. Army-Europe support base, were challenged to provide mission support under significant mobility restrictions and in arenas of public health practice not previously thought to be of tactical significance, specifically environmental pollution. New to this operation was the deployment of a Theater Army Medical Laboratory with a mission to assist deployed PVNTMED units with the capability to rapidly diagnose infectious disease agents and provide an expanded array of environmental monitoring support. Vector-borne diseases were also a threat to health, and an innovative base camp sanitation assessment and reporting system was created to alert leaders to the risk of disease transmission to soldiers. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Tannen, KJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, 2410 Stanley Rd, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 164 IS 12 BP 848 EP 856 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 266QF UT WOS:000084310100006 PM 10628155 ER PT J AU Hamm, CK Pierce, JR Phillips, JS Kussman, MJ AF Hamm, CK Pierce, JR Phillips, JS Kussman, MJ TI Utilization management affects health care practices at Walter Reed Army Medical Center: Analytical methods applied to decrease length of stay and assign appropriate level of care SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The Department of Defense has embraced utilization management (UM) as an important tool to control and possibly decrease medical costs. Budgetary withholds have been taken by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs) to encourage the military services to implement UM programs. In response, Waiter Reed Army Medical Center implemented a UM program along with other initiatives to effect changes in the delivery of inpatient care. This paper describes this UM program and other organizational initiatives, such as the introduction of new levels of care in an attempt to effect reductions in length of stay and unnecessary admissions. We demonstrate the use of a diversity of databases and analytical methods to quantify improved utilization and management of resources. The initiatives described significantly reduced hospital length of stay and inappropriate inpatient days. Without solid command and clinical leadership support and empowerment of the professional staffs, these significant changes and improvements could not have occurred. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Utilizat Management Off, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Hamm, CK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Utilizat Management Off, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 164 IS 12 BP 867 EP 871 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 266QF UT WOS:000084310100009 ER PT J AU Chisick, MC Piotrowski, MJ AF Chisick, MC Piotrowski, MJ TI US service members' satisfaction with family dental care SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID QUALITY AB This paper reports on U.S. service members' satisfaction with family dental care. The data come from a 26-site survey of active duty Army, Navy, Marine, and Air Force personnel conducted from April 1994 to January 1995. Of 12,050 respondents (81% response rate) to a prestratified, random sample, 4,412 had at least one child younger than age 21 or a nonmilitary spouse and answered 16 questions on satisfaction with family dental care. We derived simple distributions acid an overall composite satisfaction score using factor analysis. Composite scores, transformed into a continuous variable with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 10, were regressed on respondent demographic and other factors to determine which factors influence overall satisfaction. Descriptive results show high satisfaction with family dental care. Regression results show that overall satisfaction varies with sex, branch of service, perceived barriers to dental care, and family dental insurance status. Because this survey was conducted before the change to the current dental insurance contractor, these findings may not reflect current service members' satisfaction with family dental care. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Chisick, MC (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 164 IS 12 BP 874 EP 876 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 266QF UT WOS:000084310100011 PM 10628160 ER PT J AU Gerhardt, RT Wiegert, R Newell, SK Gerhardt, DM Gaither, P AF Gerhardt, RT Wiegert, R Newell, SK Gerhardt, DM Gaither, P TI Field deployment of automated external defibrillators to a federal fire service unit under medical direction of a military emergency service SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) have been proven in numerous studies to decrease the time interval from cardiac arrest to defibrillation, thus improving the survival rate for victims of ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia, the most common causes of reversible sudden cardiac death. Recent Department of Defense initiatives have mandated increased participation of Federal Fire Service units in the conduct of prehospital emergency medical care on military and other federal installations. This report describes the development and deployment of an AED program for a fire department serving a U.S. military installation under the medical direction of that installation's medical treatment facility. This "first step" in the integration of Federal Fire Services into emergency medical care, as well as potential future military applications for AEDs, are discussed. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio Uniformed Serv, Hlth Educ Consortium, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Gerhardt, RT (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio Uniformed Serv, Hlth Educ Consortium, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 164 IS 12 BP 877 EP 880 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 266QF UT WOS:000084310100012 PM 10628161 ER PT J AU Bishop, PA Fielitz, LR Crowder, TA Anderson, CL Smith, JH Derrick, KR AF Bishop, PA Fielitz, LR Crowder, TA Anderson, CL Smith, JH Derrick, KR TI Physiological determinants of performance on an indoor military obstacle course test SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INFANTRY PERSONNEL AB Obstacle courses (OCs), physical challenge courses, smd confidence courses are valuable in training and assessing military troops. However, OCs are not well characterized with regard to physical demands and requisite abilities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical capabilities associated with success on an OC. Male subjects (N = 47) were assessed on an OC, skinfolds, upper and lower body aerobic and anaerobic power, muscular strength, and endurance. Faster performers were lighter (p < 0.003), leaner, and, relative to body weight, averaged greater arm anaerobic peak and mean power, leg aerobic power, one-repetition maximum leg press, and one-repetition maximum latissimus dorsi pull-down, than slower performers. There were significant correlations between OC time and weight (0.59), percent fat (0.54), anaerobic leg mean power (-0.43), arm anaerobic peak (-0.48) and mean power (-0.48), and arm (-0.51) and leg aerobic power (-0.53), all expressed relative to body weight. A three-variable regression model accounted for 35% of the variation in OC time. Good performers on this OC displayed many diverse physical capabilities. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Phys Educ, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Bishop, PA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Phys Educ, Bldg 727, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 164 IS 12 BP 891 EP 896 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 266QF UT WOS:000084310100015 PM 10628164 ER PT J AU Michael, NL Moore, JP AF Michael, NL Moore, JP TI Viral phenotype and CCR5 genotype SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID DISEASE PROGRESSION C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Michael, NL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, 1600 E Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 12 BP 1330 EP 1330 DI 10.1038/70878 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 262DE UT WOS:000084049700003 PM 10581048 ER PT J AU Slusher, BS Vornov, JJ Thomas, AG Hurn, PD Harukuni, I Bhardwaj, A Traystman, RJ Robinson, MB Britton, P Lu, XCM Tortella, FC Wozniak, KM Yudkoff, M Potter, BM Jackson, PF AF Slusher, BS Vornov, JJ Thomas, AG Hurn, PD Harukuni, I Bhardwaj, A Traystman, RJ Robinson, MB Britton, P Lu, XCM Tortella, FC Wozniak, KM Yudkoff, M Potter, BM Jackson, PF TI Selective inhibition of NAALADase, which converts NAAG to glutamate, reduces ischemic brain injury SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LINKED ACIDIC DIPEPTIDASE; CEREBRAL-ARTERY OCCLUSION; N-ACETYLASPARTYLGLUTAMATE; RAT-BRAIN; FOCAL ISCHEMIA; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; TISSUE-CULTURE; AMINO-ACIDS; RECEPTOR; TRANSIENT AB We describe here a new strategy for the treatment of stroke, through the inhibition of NAALADase (N-acetylated-alpha-linked-acidic dipeptidase), an enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of the neuropeptide NAAG (N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate) to N-acetyl-aspartate and glutamate. We demonstrate that the newly described NAALADase inhibitor 2-PMPA (2-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid) robustly protects against ischemic injury in a neuronal culture model of stroke and in rats after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Consistent with inhibition of NAALADase, we show that 2-PMPA increases NAAG and attenuates the ischemia-induced rise in glutamate. Both effects could contribute to neuroprotection. These data indicate that NAALADase inhibition may have use in neurological disorders in which excessive excitatory amino acid transmission is pathogenic. C1 Guilford Pharmaceut, Dept Res, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Penn, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Slusher, BS (reprint author), Guilford Pharmaceut, Dept Res, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RI Vornov, James/F-6794-2013 OI Vornov, James/0000-0003-1965-5456 NR 38 TC 222 Z9 224 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 12 BP 1396 EP 1402 DI 10.1038/70971 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 262DE UT WOS:000084049700039 PM 10581082 ER PT J AU Spradlin, GS AF Spradlin, GS TI A perturbation of a periodic Hamiltonian system SO NONLINEAR ANALYSIS-THEORY METHODS & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Hamiltonian system; Palais-Smale condition; critical point; Mountain Pass Theorem; Brouwer degree ID SEMILINEAR ELLIPTIC-EQUATIONS; SCALAR FIELD-EQUATIONS; EXISTENCE; R(N) C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Spradlin, GS (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0362-546X J9 NONLINEAR ANAL-THEOR JI Nonlinear Anal.-Theory Methods Appl. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1003 EP 1022 DI 10.1016/S0362-546X(98)00155-2 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 246GW UT WOS:000083156900007 ER PT J AU Kanapady, R Tamma, KR Mark, A AF Kanapady, R Tamma, KR Mark, A TI Highly scalable parallel computational models for large-scale RTM process modeling simulations, part 3: Validation and performance results SO NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART B-FUNDAMENTALS LA English DT Article AB In Part 3 of this article, we illustrate the performance results and scalability obtained by implementing the traditional explicit control-volume (CV)/finite-element (FE) and a recently developed and new, implicit, pure finite-element approach in symmetric multiprocessor machines as illustrated in the preceding Part 1 and Part 2. The results indicate that the current-generation symmetric multiprocessors (SMPs) with a medium to large number of processors can be effectively used as a supercomputer (Massively Parallel Platforms, MPPs) for large-scale complex geometries in scientific and engineering problems. The recently developed and new implicit pure FE methodology is shown to be physically accurate, computationally superior, and applicable to practical large-scale problems compared to the traditional explicit CV-PP on different SMP platforms (SGI Power Challenge and SGI Origin2000). For large-scale problems, the explicit CV-FE-based modeling/analysis becomes impossible to analyze within reasonable time or realistically impossible even with parallel processing for large-scale problems. In view of such considerations, as an illustration, a large, complex finite-element mesh of 809,505 elements and 405,327 nodes has been successfully analyzed using the implicit pure FE methodology and 40 processors within a reasonable time of 4.72 hours. The proposed parallel approaches have excellent parallel efficiency and optimal scalability when compared to other relevant results in computational sciences published in the literature, with the highest degree of portability of the software code to a wide range of parallel architectures. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Tamma, KR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, 111 Church St SE,125 Mech Engn Bldg, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HEMISPHERE PUBL CORP PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 USA SN 1040-7790 J9 NUMER HEAT TR B-FUND JI Numer Heat Tranf. B-Fundam. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 36 IS 4 BP 351 EP 386 PG 36 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 266BG UT WOS:000084280300001 ER PT J AU Moul, JW AF Moul, JW TI Testicular cancer: What's new in staging, prognosis, and therapy - The Foster/Nichols article reviewed SO ONCOLOGY-NEW YORK LA English DT Editorial Material ID GERM-CELL TUMORS; RISK-FACTORS C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Rockville, MD USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Rockville, MD USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU P R R INC PI MELVILLE PA 48 SOUTH SERVICE RD, MELVILLE, NY 11747 USA SN 0890-9091 J9 ONCOLOGY-NY JI Oncology-NY PD DEC PY 1999 VL 13 IS 12 BP 1700 EP + PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 368QE UT WOS:000090128400019 ER PT J AU Chan, LA Nasrabadi, NM AF Chan, LA Nasrabadi, NM TI Automatic target recognition using vector quantization and neural networks SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE target recognition; vector quantization; neural networks; wavelet decomposition; FLIR imagery ID ALGORITHM; CLASSIFICATION; SYSTEM; DESIGN; SHIFT AB We propose an automatic target recognition (ATR) algorithm that uses a set of dedicated vector quantizers (VQs) and multilayer perceptrons (MLPs). For each target class at a specific range of aspects, the background pixels of an input image are first removed. The extracted target area is then subdivided into several subimages. A dedicated VQ codebook is constructed for each of the resulting subimages. Using the K-means algorithm, each VQ codebook learns a set of patterns representing the local features of a particular target for a specific range of aspects. The resulting codebooks are further trained by a modified learning vector quantization (LVQ) algorithm, which enhances the discriminatory power of the codebooks. Each final codebook is expected to give the lowest mean squared error (MSE) for its correct target class and range of aspects. These MSEs are then input to an array of window-level MLPs (WMLPs), where each WMLP is specialized in recognizing its intended target class for a specific range of aspects. The outputs of these WMLPs are manipulated and passed to a target-level MLP, which produces the final recognition results. We trained and tested the proposed ATR algorithm on large and realistic data sets and obtained impressive results using the wavelet-based adaptive product VQs configuration. (C) 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(99)02712-9]. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRLSESE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chan, LA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRLSESE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 38 IS 12 BP 2147 EP 2161 DI 10.1117/1.602324 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 264FN UT WOS:000084170100026 ER PT J AU D'Aguanno, G Centini, M Sibilia, C Bertolotti, M Scalora, M Bloemer, MJ Bowden, CM AF D'Aguanno, G Centini, M Sibilia, C Bertolotti, M Scalora, M Bloemer, MJ Bowden, CM TI Enhancement of chi((2)) cascading processes in one-dimensional photonic bandgap structures SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION AB We theoretically analyze the nonlinear phase shifts induced by cascaded chi((2)):chi((2)) processes in one-dimensional photonic bandgap structures. We find that the enhancement of the density of modes near the band edge, coupled with a suitable choice of relative phase mismatch, leads to a remarkable new effect: The relative phase shift of the fundamental field on transmission can be of the order of pi over a distance of 7 mu m, with input intensities of the order of only 10 MW/cm(2). (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Dipartimento Energet, I-00161 Rome, Italy. USA, Missile Command, Weapon Sci Directorate, AMSMI RD WS ST,RD & EC, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. Time Domain Corp, Huntsville, AL 35898 USA. RP D'Aguanno, G (reprint author), Univ La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Dipartimento Energet, Via A Scarpa 16, I-00161 Rome, Italy. OI D'Aguanno, Giuseppe/0000-0002-7132-0103 NR 9 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1999 VL 24 IS 23 BP 1663 EP 1665 DI 10.1364/OL.24.001663 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 260PW UT WOS:000083959900003 PM 18079895 ER PT J AU Tezduyar, T Osawa, Y AF Tezduyar, T Osawa, Y TI Methods for parallel computation of complex flow problems SO PARALLEL COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE computational fluid dynamics; flow simulation; stabilization methods; compressible flow; incompressible flow; multidomain computational methods ID FINITE-ELEMENT COMPUTATIONS; SPACE-TIME PROCEDURE; MOVING BOUNDARIES; COMPRESSIBLE FLOWS; INTERFACES; SIMULATION; STRATEGIES; EQUATIONS; DYNAMICS AB This paper is an overview of some of the methods developed by the Team for Advanced Flow Simulation and Modeling (T*AFSM) [http://www, mems, rice. edu/TAFSM/] to support flow simulation and modeling in a number of "Targeted Challenges". The "Targeted Challenges" include unsteady flows with interfaces, fluid-object and fluid-structure interactions, airdrop systems, and air circulation and contaminant dispersion. The methods developed include special numerical stabilization methods for compressible and incompressible flows, methods for moving boundaries and interfaces, advanced mesh management methods, and multi-domain computational methods. We include in this paper a number of numerical examples from the simulation of complex flow problems. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rice Univ, Army HPC Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Tezduyar, T (reprint author), Rice Univ, Army HPC Res Ctr, MS 321,6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM tezduyar@rice.edu RI Tezduyar, Tayfun/F-6134-2012 OI Tezduyar, Tayfun/0000-0001-8707-3162 NR 36 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8191 J9 PARALLEL COMPUT JI Parallel Comput. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 25 IS 13-14 BP 2039 EP 2066 DI 10.1016/S0167-8191(99)00080-0 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 266BY UT WOS:000084281800022 ER PT J AU Phillips, CT Kuperman, RG Checkai, RT AF Phillips, CT Kuperman, RG Checkai, RT TI A rapid and highly-efficient method for extracting enchytraeids from soil SO PEDOBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE enchytraeid worms; O'Connor method; Ludox Flotation Method AB A commonly used technique for extracting enchytraeids from soil is the O'Connor method, which requires wet-funnel extractors and a power source. We developed a method for extracting enchytraeids that involves flooding a soil sample with Ludox (colloidal silica, specific gravity 1.21), followed by gentle mixing. The invertebrates are counted and removed when they float to the surface of the solution. The efficiency of the Ludox Flotation Method was compared with the O'Connor method using fresh oak-beech forest silt loam soil with an existing Enchytraeidae community and in three defauned soils with contrasting organic matter content. The extraction efficiency in forest silt loam soil was determined by adding five adult Enchytraeus albidus to each sample. Tn the three defauned soils, we used thirty E. albidus worms, equally representing three size classes. Animals were placed in soil 24 h before extraction. In the forest silt loam soil, the number of recovered indigenous enchytraeids was 82 % and the efficiency was 58 % higher in the Ludox Flotation Method compared with the O'Connor method. The Ludox Flotation Method was 40 % to 87 % more efficient in recovering enchytraeids from the defauned soils. Results show that the Ludox Flotation Method is more efficient, faster, and less laborious than the O'Connor method. The Ludox Flotation Method can be used in both field surveys of the Enchytraeidae community and ecotoxicological tests. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSSBRRTBE, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Phillips, CT (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSSBRRTBE, E-5183 Blackhawk Rd,E5641, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RI Kuperman, Roman/D-4297-2009 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0031-4056 J9 PEDOBIOLOGIA JI Pedobiologia PD DEC PY 1999 VL 43 IS 6 BP 523 EP 527 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 275QW UT WOS:000084831700007 ER PT J AU Kuperman, RG Simini, M Phillips, CT Checkai, RT AF Kuperman, RG Simini, M Phillips, CT Checkai, RT TI Comparison of Malathion toxicity using enchytraeid reproduction test and earthworm toxicity test in different soil types SO PEDOBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE enchytraeid worm; earthworm; reproduction toxicity test; malathion AB We compared toxicity of the organophosphate pesticide malathion between the Enchytraeid Reproduction Test using Enchytraeus albidus and the Earthworm Toxicity Test using Eisenia fetida. The Enchytraeid Reproduction Test has several advantages over the Earthworm Toxicity Test, including greater ecological relevance, world-wide distribution, a short generation time of test species, and greater cost-effectiveness. Toxicity of malathion was studied in three soils with contrasting organic matter (OM) content, including standard artificial soil (10 % OM), O'Neill-Hall sandy loam soil (4.3 % OM) and Sassafras sandy loam soil (2.3 % OM). In the Enchytraeid Reproduction Test, reproducing adults were incubated for three weeks. Adult worms were then removed and counted, and soil with cocoons was incubated for an additional three weeks. Earthworm toxicity was determined using the standard 14-day acute survival Lest, and a chronic 21-day cocoon production assay. Results showed that malathion had similar toxic effect on E. albidus adults in artificial and Sassafras soils (LOEC of 23.15 mg kg(-1)), and greater toxicity in the O'Neill-Hall soil (LOEC of 6.64 mg kg(-1)). The Earthworm Toxicity Test LOEC values for adult E. fetida Mere 75 mg kg(-1) inartificial and O'Neill-Hall soils, and 60 mg kg(-1) in Sassafras soil. Malathion was more toxic to E. albidus juveniles compared with adults in artificial soil (LOEC of 7.75 mg kg(-1) and EC50 of 9.8 mg kg(-1)). The earthworm chronic assay LOEC values were 18, 14 and 21 mg kg(-1) and EC50 values were 16, 37 and 20 mg kg(-1) in artificial, O'Neill-Hall and Sassafras soils, respectively. Results of this study show that the Enchytraeid Reproduction Test is a more sensitive toxicity test in artificial soil, and has the potential for replacing the Earthworm Toxicity Test in future soil toxicity testing. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, ECBC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Kuperman, RG (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, ECBC, AMSSB-RRT-BE E5641,5185 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RI Kuperman, Roman/D-4297-2009 NR 9 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0031-4056 J9 PEDOBIOLOGIA JI Pedobiologia PD DEC PY 1999 VL 43 IS 6 BP 630 EP 634 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 275QW UT WOS:000084831700021 ER PT J AU Kisin, M Stroscio, M Belenky, G Luryi, S AF Kisin, M Stroscio, M Belenky, G Luryi, S TI Electron-plasmon resonance in quantum wells with inverted subband population SO PHYSICA E LA English DT Article DE semiconductor heterostructures; electron relaxation; plasmons; phonons AB The inverted order of subband occupation, n(2) > n(1), in quantum-well heterostructures designed for the intersubband lasers results in a novel effective relaxation mechanism for nonequilibrium electrons in the lower subband due to emission of the intersubband plasmons. In contrast to the cascade relaxation by phonons and intrasubband plasmons, this one-step scattering process efficiently fills the final stares for light-emitting transitions. Resonant screening, which is influenced by the process of intersubband plasmon excitation. leads to downshift and narrowing of the intersubband optical emission spectra. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kisin, M (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 3 BP 196 EP 199 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(99)00254-4 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 284DV UT WOS:000085316200008 ER PT J AU Armstrong, TA Barish, KN Batsouli, S Bennett, SJ Chikanian, A Coe, SD Cormier, TM Davies, R Dover, CB Fachini, P Fadem, B Finch, LE George, NK Greene, SV Haridas, P Hill, JC Hirsch, AS Hoversten, R Huang, HZ Kumar, BS Lainis, T Lajoie, JG Lewis, RA Li, Q Libby, B Majka, RD Miller, TE Munhoz, MG Nagle, JL Pless, IA Pope, JK Porile, NT Pruneau, CA Rabin, MSZ Reid, JD Rimai, A Rose, A Rotondo, FS Sandweiss, J Scharenberg, RP Slaughter, AJ Smith, GA Tincknell, ML Toothacker, WS Van Buren, G Wohn, FK Xu, Z AF Armstrong, TA Barish, KN Batsouli, S Bennett, SJ Chikanian, A Coe, SD Cormier, TM Davies, R Dover, CB Fachini, P Fadem, B Finch, LE George, NK Greene, SV Haridas, P Hill, JC Hirsch, AS Hoversten, R Huang, HZ Kumar, BS Lainis, T Lajoie, JG Lewis, RA Li, Q Libby, B Majka, RD Miller, TE Munhoz, MG Nagle, JL Pless, IA Pope, JK Porile, NT Pruneau, CA Rabin, MSZ Reid, JD Rimai, A Rose, A Rotondo, FS Sandweiss, J Scharenberg, RP Slaughter, AJ Smith, GA Tincknell, ML Toothacker, WS Van Buren, G Wohn, FK Xu, Z CA E864 Collaboration TI Measurements of neutrons in 11.5A GeV/c Au plus Pb heavy-ion collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID COALESCENCE AB We present measurements from Brookhaven AGS Experiment 864 of neutron invariant multiplicity in 11.5A GeV/c Au+Pb collisions. The measurements span a rapidity range from center of mass to beam rapidity (y(beam) = 3.2) and are presented as a function of event centrality. The results are compared with E864 measurements of proton invariant multiplicity and an average n/p ratio at hadronic freeze-out of 1.19 +/- .08 is determined for the rapidity range y = 1.6 to y = 2.4. We discuss briefly the implications of this ratio within a simple equilibrium model of the collision system. [S0556-2813(99)02112-3]. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Armstrong, TA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 1999 VL 60 IS 6 AR 064903 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 266RF UT WOS:000084313100064 ER PT J AU Jimenez, CE AF Jimenez, CE TI Advantages of diagnostic nuclear medicine Part 2: Cardiac and other nonmusculoskeletal disorders SO PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EMISSION COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; BUNDLE-BRANCH-BLOCK; INCREMENTAL PROGNOSTIC VALUE; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; STRATIFICATION; DEATH; SPECT; RISK AB Advances in nuclear medicine have improved the detection and localization of very small abnormalities. Radionuclide imaging of myocardial perfusion is very useful for detecting coronary artery disease in patients who have an ambiguous presentation, such as those with chest pain syndrome and a non-diagnostic exercise test. Scintigraphy is also useful for diagnosing pulmonary thromboembolism, hyperthyroidism, testicular torsion, and fevers of unknown origin. In addition, improvements in positron-emission tomography and imaging with isotope-labeled monoclonal antibodies now permit detection and staging of prostate and brain malignancies and diagnosis of infections such as osteomyelitis. C1 USA, Hlth Clin, Med Corps, Clin Serv,Primary Care Clin, Ft Buchanan, PR 00934 USA. RP Jimenez, CE (reprint author), USA, Hlth Clin, Med Corps, Clin Serv,Primary Care Clin, POB 34000,Bldg 21, Ft Buchanan, PR 00934 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0091-3847 J9 PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED JI Physician Sportsmed. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 27 IS 13 BP 51 EP 57 PG 7 WC Primary Health Care; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 261GX UT WOS:000084002400009 PM 20086694 ER PT J AU Gillio, EF McKnight, GP Gillespie, JW Advani, SG Bernetich, KR Fink, BK AF Gillio, EF McKnight, GP Gillespie, JW Advani, SG Bernetich, KR Fink, BK TI Processing and properties of co-injected resin transfer molded vinyl ester and phenolic composites SO POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID EPOXY AB Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding type processes have been proven to be cost effective manufacturing techniques for large composite structures. However, their use has been limited to a single resin system. A large variety of composite structures require multiple resins to serve different purposes while being integrated into a single structure. Go-Injection Resin Transfer Molding (CIRTM) is a new manufacturing process, developed at the University of Delaware's Center for Composite Materials in collaboration with the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, that enables the user to manufacture multi-layer hybrid composite parts in a single processing step (1). In this paper, CIRTM is used to manufacture a dual layered structure consisting of a vinyl ester layer for structural integrity and a phenolic layer for fire, smoke, and toxicity protection. The two resins are simultaneously injected into a mold filled with a stationary fiber bed and are co-cured. Resin separation is maintained by a 0.0254 mm (0.001 in) thick polysulfone film sandwiched between two layers of 0.165 mm (0.0065 in) thick adhesive. A Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) is used to select the optimum cure cycle for all of the materials, Mechanical testing is used to evaluate the performance of the interphase formed between dissimilar materials. Short beam shear (SBS) is used to evaluate the overall quality of the part produced. Double cantilever beam (DCB) is used to quantify the fracture toughness of the interphase, and the wedge test is used to evaluate the durability of the interphase. Experimental results show that co-injected, co-cured materials offer properties equivalent, or in some cases, superior, to those provided by single injection resin composites. This case is used to develop and present a methodology that can be followed to co-inject different resins. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Gillio, EF (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD, CT 06804-0403 USA SN 0272-8397 J9 POLYM COMPOSITE JI Polym. Compos. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 20 IS 6 BP 780 EP 788 DI 10.1002/pc.10401 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 263TY UT WOS:000084142400007 ER PT J AU Walsh, SM Freese, CE AF Walsh, SM Freese, CE TI Fluid flow reconstruction modeling with application to liquid molding processes SO POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID SMOOTHING NOISY DATA; SPLINE FUNCTIONS; ELEMENT; SHEAR AB A unique mathematical reconstruction technique is coupled with discrete experimental flow front detection data to provide continuous fluid flow analysis. A fully finite element based methodology for the construction of surfaces from scattered and sparse data is presented and applied to experimental observations derived from a new class of sensors enlisted as monitors of the resin transfer molding (RTM) process. The basic numerical technique is shown to yield interpolant models capable of flow front position and fluid flow velocity reconstruction. The extrapolative/predictive performance is enhanced through the introduction of a new hybrid procedure. Two-dimensional and quasi-three-dimensional examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the techniques. C1 USA, Res Lab, Rodman Mat Res, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. ABCEF Consulting, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Walsh, SM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Rodman Mat Res, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD, CT 06804-0403 USA SN 0272-8397 J9 POLYM COMPOSITE JI Polym. Compos. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 20 IS 6 BP 809 EP 817 DI 10.1002/pc.10405 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 263TY UT WOS:000084142400011 ER PT J AU Lawrence, VA De Moor, C Glenn, ME AF Lawrence, VA De Moor, C Glenn, ME TI Systematic differences in validity of self-reported mammography behavior: A problem for intergroup comparisons? SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE mammography; screening.tw; validity; sensitivity; specificity ID PAP SMEAR; WOMEN; ACCURACY; POPULATION; BREAST; AUDIT AB Background Prior studies of recall accuracy for screening mammogram behavior have examined relatively homogeneous groups. Data are limited on possible systematic group differences, so we evaluated women's recall accuracy in two separate care systems in one city. Methods. Women 50 to 70 years old with and without screening mammograms 10 to 14 months prior were identified from fiscal, clinic, and radiology records at a military care system (MCS) and a county-funded system (CFS) for indigents. Mammogram status was verified through radiology records. Women were excluded if mammograms were diagnostic, done for other than annual screening, or had abnormal results. Interviewers blinded to mammogram status surveyed randomly selected eligible women. Results. For 62 screened/31 unscreened MCS women and 78 screened/61 unscreened CFS women, specificity was similar, at 65 and 62%, respectively. In contrast, sensitivity varied significantly: 95% versus 79% (P = 0.011). Primary ethonocultural groups were Euro-American (MCS-60%) and Mexican American (CFS-85%)Although not different in specificity of recall (67% versus 61%), these major subgroups significantly differed insensitivity (97% versus 80%, P = 0.017), proportion of true negatives due to never having a mammogram (35% versus 57%, P = 0.003), and proportion with greater than or equal to high school education (78% versus 19%, P < 0.00001). Conclusion. Systematic differences in recall validity may exist and compromise the accuracy of intergroup comparisons. (C) 1999 American Health Foundation and Academic Press. C1 S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Audie L Murphy Div, Div Gen Med, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Div Med Oncol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Lawrence, VA (reprint author), S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Audie L Murphy Div, Div Gen Med, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P30CA54174, P50CA58183] NR 13 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 29 IS 6 BP 577 EP 580 DI 10.1006/pmed.1999.0575 PN 1 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 268CU UT WOS:000084397400019 PM 10600440 ER PT J AU Pilcher, JJ Sessions, GR AF Pilcher, JJ Sessions, GR TI Differential effects of zolpidem, triazolam, and diazepam on performance in a radial maze task SO PSYCHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DELAYED MATCHING BEHAVIOR; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTORS; WATER MAZE; MEMORY; RATS; ACQUISITION; LIGANDS; CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE; HETEROGENEITY AB The effects of zolpidem, triazolam, and diazepam on performance in an eight-arm radial maze task were studied in the rat. Errors were based on arm entries as well as nose pokes in a food trough and were summed across the number of correct choices remaining. As measures of motivation, number of pellets retrieved, number of arm entries, total time in maze, and time from arm entry to nose poke were recorded. Triazolam and diazepam resulted in a greater performance decrement than did zolpidem. Furthermore, triazolam and diazepam appeared to have a sedative effect on the animals that did not affect the motor control needed to complete the task. The present results suggest that the BZ-1-specific hypnotic, zolpidem, did not produce sedative or performance effects as profound as those produced by the nonselective benzodiazepines, triazolam and diazepam. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. RP Pilcher, JJ (reprint author), Bradley Univ, Dept Psychol, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. EM pilcher@bradley.edu NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC PI AUSTIN PA 1710 FORTVIEW RD, AUSTIN, TX 78704 USA SN 0889-6313 J9 PSYCHOBIOLOGY JI Psychobiology PD DEC PY 1999 VL 27 IS 4 BP 491 EP 499 PG 9 WC Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 285VN UT WOS:000085409100007 ER PT J AU Sipos, ML Burchnell, V Galbicka, G AF Sipos, ML Burchnell, V Galbicka, G TI Dose-response curves and time-course effects of selected anticholinergics on locomotor activity in rats SO PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE locomotion; activity; dose-response; time-course; anticholinergic drug; rat ID OPEN-FIELD; SCOPOLAMINE; STEREOTYPY; ATROPINE; BEHAVIOR; NUCLEUS; AGENTS; DRUGS; MICE AB Rationale: In order to facilitate direct com parisons of anticholinergic drug effects on activity, nine drugs were tested in one laboratory using a standardized procedure. Objective: The present study compared the effects of aprophen hydrochloride, atropine sulfate, azaprophen hydrochloride, benactyzine hydrochloride, biperiden hydrochloride, diazepam, procyclidine hydrochloride, scopolamine hydrobromide, and trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride on activity levels in rats. Methods: Both fine motor activity (reflecting smaller movements) and ambulatory activity (reflecting larger movements) were recorded for 23 h following drug administration in food-restricted rats. All drugs were administered during the light period of the photocycle. Results: Atropine, azaprophen, biperiden, scopolamine, and trihexyphenidyl increased both ambulations and fine motor activity significantly during the first hour post-injection, but the increased activity levels returned to vehicle control levels within 2-6 h post-injection. Benactyzine and procyclidine only increased fine motor activity significantly above vehicle control levels and activity levels returned to vehicle control levels within 2-3 h. Finally, aprophen and diazepam generally did not increase measures of activity significantly above vehicle controls at the dose ranges examined. Conclusions: Based on potencies relative to scopolamine, the potency of the drugs could be ranked as follows: scopolamine > trihexyphenidyl > biperiden > azaprophen > procyclidine > benactyzine > atropine > aprophen. The comparison of drug effects on activity may be useful in selecting anticholinergic drug therapies with a minimal range of side effects. In addition, these data may reduce the number of anticholinergic drugs that need to be tested in comparison studies involving more complex behavioral tests. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Dept Neurobehav Assessment, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Sipos, ML (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Dept Neurobehav Assessment, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 31 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0033-3158 J9 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY JI Psychopharmacology PD DEC PY 1999 VL 147 IS 3 BP 250 EP 256 DI 10.1007/s002130051164 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 266CC UT WOS:000084282200002 PM 10639682 ER PT J AU Older, SA Battafarano, DF Enzenauer, RJ Krieg, AM AF Older, SA Battafarano, DF Enzenauer, RJ Krieg, AM TI Can immunization precipitate connective tissue disease? Report of five cases of systemic lupus erythematosus and review of the literature SO SEMINARS IN ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Review DE immunization; vaccination; systemic lupus erythematosus ID HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE; BACTERIAL-DNA; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; REACTIVE ARTHRITIS; ANTIGEN; MICE; INDUCTION AB Objectives: To report a series of five patients who developed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) after immunization and review the literature on vaccine-associated connective tissue diseases and the theoretical mechanisms that could explain such an association, Methods: Uncontrolled retrospective analysis of cases identified sporadically over 7 years at three centers. Results: In our series of 5 patients, symptoms of SLE developed within 2 to 3 weeks after secondary immunization. All patients met American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for the diagnosis of SLE, In most patients, symptoms have been persistent. Conclusion: Although a coincidental association between vaccination and the onset of SLE cannot be excluded, the temporal relationship with the development of symptoms makes it immunologically plausible that vaccination triggered systemic autoimmunity in these rare cases, We propose that epidemiological studies be performed to examine this potential association in more detail to quantitate the risk and identify possible genetic risk factors. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Rheumatol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Older, SA (reprint author), Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Rheumatol Serv, CMR 402,Box 79, APO, AE 09180 USA. NR 61 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0049-0172 J9 SEMIN ARTHRITIS RHEU JI Semin. Arthritis Rheum. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 29 IS 3 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S0049-0172(99)80024-9 PG 9 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 268CP UT WOS:000084397000001 PM 10622677 ER PT J AU Maniscalco-Theberge, ME Elliott, DC AF Maniscalco-Theberge, ME Elliott, DC TI Virtual reality, robotics, and other wizardry in 21st century trauma care SO SURGICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY; PERFORMANCE; COLONOSCOPY AB This article focuses on technologic advancements that possibly will affect trauma care in the next 20 years. The effects of information technology, virtual reality, and robotics on clinical care of patients, sharing of information and skills, and education of future surgeons are reviewed. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Trauma Serv, Ft Lewis, WA USA. RP Elliott, DC (reprint author), 7016 53rd St, Univ Pl, WA 98467 USA. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0039-6109 J9 SURG CLIN N AM JI Surg. Clin.-North Am. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 79 IS 6 BP 1241 EP + DI 10.1016/S0039-6109(05)70074-8 PG 9 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 262QZ UT WOS:000084079100003 PM 10625975 ER PT J AU Ecklund, JM Depper, MH Zeidman, SM AF Ecklund, JM Depper, MH Zeidman, SM TI Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis SO TECHNIQUES IN NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE osteomyelitis; vertebra; spinal diseases; infection; low back pain ID TERM HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; DESTRUCTIVE SPONDYLOARTHROPATHY; SPINAL INFECTIONS; LUMBAR SPINE; MANAGEMENT; THERAPY; ADULTS AB Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis is a diagnosis all physicians must be prepared to promptly recognize and treat. The mail predisposing factors include diabetes mellitus, intravenous drug use, and immunosuppression. The majority of infections occur via hematogenous spread to the vertebral body, with the lumbar spine being the most commonly involved region. Staphylococcus aureus remains the most common organism. Patients typically present with a progressive history of back or neck pain. The diagnosis if further suggested by elevations in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and appropriate findings on magnetic resonance imaging. The diagnosis is confirmed with biopsy and culture. Medical management is the main stay of treatment, but surgery continues to play an active role. Indications for surgical intervention include diagnostic uncertainty, the need for neural decompression, failure of antibiotic treatment, and instability. When pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis is promptly identified and appropriately managed, the prognosis is generally favorable. The authors review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic management of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Neurosurg Serv, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Neuroradiol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Neurosurg, New York, NY USA. RP Ecklund, JM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Neurosurg Serv, Bldg 2,5C12,6900 Georgia Ave, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1077-2855 J9 TECH NEUROSURG JI Tech. Neurosurg. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 4 BP 282 EP 292 DI 10.1097/00127927-199905040-00005 PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 262DN UT WOS:000084050500005 ER PT J AU Vidmar, DA Cruess, D Hsieh, P Dolecek, Q Pak, H Gwynn, M Maggio, K Montemorano, A Powers, J Richards, D Sperling, L Wong, H Yeager, J AF Vidmar, DA Cruess, D Hsieh, P Dolecek, Q Pak, H Gwynn, M Maggio, K Montemorano, A Powers, J Richards, D Sperling, L Wong, H Yeager, J TI The effect of decreasing digital image resolution on teledermatology diagnosis SO TELEMEDICINE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Objective: To determine the effect of degraded digital image resolution (as viewed on a monitor) on the accuracy and confidence of dermatologic interpretation. Materials and Methods: Eight dermatologists interpreted 180 clinical cases divided into three Logical Competitor Sets (LCS) (pigmented lesions, non-pigmented lesions, and inflammatory dermatoses). Each case was digitized at three different resolutions. The images were randomized and divided into (9) 60-image sessions. The physicians were completely blinded concerning the image resolution. After 60 seconds per image, the viewer recorded a diagnosis and level of confidence. The resultant ROC curves compared the effect of LCS, level of clinical difficulty, and resolution of the digital image. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared the curves. Results: The areas beneath the ROC curves did not demonstrate any consistently significant difference between the digital image resolutions for all LCS and levels of difficulty. The only significant effect observed was amongst pigmented lesions (LCS-A) where the ROC curve area was significantly smaller in the easy images at high resolution compared to low and medium resolutions. For all other ROC curve comparisons within LCS-A, at all other levels of difficulty, as well as within the other LCS at all levels of difficulty, none of the differences was significant. Conclusion: A 720 x 500 pixel image can be considered equivalent to a 1490 x 1000 pixel image for most store-and-forward teledermatology consultations. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Mil & Emergency Med & Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Casualty Care Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Inst Adv Sci & Technol Med, Laurel, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Vidmar, DA (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Mil & Emergency Med & Dermatol, C-1039,4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 9 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1078-3024 J9 TELEMED J JI Telemed. J. PD WIN PY 1999 VL 5 IS 4 BP 375 EP 383 DI 10.1089/107830299311943 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 288CR UT WOS:000085544700007 PM 10908453 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, DT Franck, BA Mason, KT Shannon, SG AF Fitzpatrick, DT Franck, BA Mason, KT Shannon, SG TI Risk factors for symptomatic otic and sinus barotrauma in a multiplace hyperbaric chamber SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hyperbaric oxygen therapy; pressure equalization; compression rates; barotrauma ID MIDDLE-EAR; OXYGEN AB This retrospective study examines the relationship of multiplace chamber compression rates and the influence of several predisposing factors on the risk of symptomatic barotrauma. Data were reviewed from a 3-yr period for 111 patients who received 2,394 routine hyperbaric oxygen treatments. A total of 35 patients reported symptoms of barotrauma, with an overall rate of 3.05 cases per 100 treatments. Most symptoms occurred during a patient's initial three treatments and with minimal increased pressure. The most frequently affected area was the ears (95%) with objective findings noted in 18% of patients reporting fullness compared to 39% of patients reporting pain. Referral diagnosis was not related to the incidence of barotrauma. Although the overall risk of symptomatic barotrauma increased as the compression rate increased, it was not significant (RR = 1.57, CI0.95 = 0.65, 3.80). Female patients were at significantly increased risk (RR = 2.14, CI0.95 = 1.37, 3.34) compared to males, and patients less than age 40 were at higher risk than those age 40 and older (RR = 3.00, CI0.95 = 1.80, 5.03). Well-designed prospective studies are needed to more clearly define risk factors and identify compression rates with the least risk of barotrauma. C1 Lyster Army Community Hosp, Dept Hyperbar Med, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. USA, Aeromed Lab, Ft Rucker, AL USA. RP Fitzpatrick, DT (reprint author), Lyster Army Community Hosp, Dept Hyperbar Med, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD WIN PY 1999 VL 26 IS 4 BP 243 EP 247 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 273TZ UT WOS:000084724800007 PM 10642071 ER PT J AU Wang, X Schreuder-Gibson, H Downey, M Tripathy, S Samuelson, L AF Wang, X Schreuder-Gibson, H Downey, M Tripathy, S Samuelson, L TI Conductive fibers from enzymatically synthesized polyaniline SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article DE polyaniline; solution processing; fibers; thermal analysis; mechanical analysis; X-Ray diffraction ID COUNTERION INDUCED PROCESSIBILITY; DOPED POLYANILINE; CAST FILMS; POLY(3-OCTYLTHIOPHENE); POLY(O-TOLUIDINE); POLYMERS; FORMS AB Conducting polyaniline (PANI) fibers have been spun from a water-soluble form of PANI which was enzymatically synthesized. The enzyme, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to polymerize aniline in the presence of sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) to directly form a water-soluble, conducting, PANI/SPS complex which combines moderate electrical conductivity with appreciable processability. The PANI/SPS complex was spun into fibers from aqueous solution using a dry-spinning technique. Thermal studies which included thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and DMA show that the complex has very good thermal stability and a T-g at 150 degrees C. Mechanical properties of the fibers show a tenacity of 0.34 cN/dtex for the as-spun fibers with an increase to 0.56 cN/dtex after thermal stretch alignment. Wide angle X-Ray diffraction shows the presence of two weak peaks at d values of 4.16 Angstrom and 2.95 Angstrom for the drawn fibers, while no crystalline reflections were observed for cast films. The drawn fibers also show an order of magnitude improvement in conductivity. These results show that some degree of fiber orientation and crystallinity may be induced during processing. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Lowell, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Samuelson, L (reprint author), USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 24 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD NOV 30 PY 1999 VL 107 IS 2 BP 117 EP 121 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(99)00150-2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 259ZZ UT WOS:000083925000007 ER PT J AU Vladimiroff, T AF Vladimiroff, T TI Ab initio calculations of the mean-square amplitudes of vibration for the fluoroethylenes SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE fluoroethylenes; mean-square amplitudes; ab initio; vibrational frequencies; scaling ID WAVE-FUNCTION MODIFICATIONS; INFRARED INTENSITIES; FREQUENCIES; DIHALOETHYLENES AB Mean-square amplitudes of Vibration were calculated using ab initio methods at the MP2 level of theory for six fluoroethylenes. A 6-311G** basis set was used, and reasonable agreement with experimental Values observed. The introduction of one scale factor for all of the 72 fundamental frequencies calculated in this work significantly improved the agreement with experiment for the frequencies, but did not improve the agreement with experiment for the mean-square amplitudes of vibration. Other methods by which the calculated Values can be improved were also discussed. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, TACOMARDEC, Warheads Energet & Combat Support Armaments Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Vladimiroff, T (reprint author), USA, TACOMARDEC, Warheads Energet & Combat Support Armaments Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, Bldg 3124, Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD NOV 29 PY 1999 VL 492 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(99)00160-8 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 270AG UT WOS:000084512800013 ER PT J AU Driggers, RW Macri, CJ Greenwald, J Carpenter, D Avallone, J Howard-Peebles, PN Levin, SW AF Driggers, RW Macri, CJ Greenwald, J Carpenter, D Avallone, J Howard-Peebles, PN Levin, SW TI Isolated bilateral anophthalmia in a girl with an apparently balanced de novo translocation: 46,XX,t(3;11)(q27;p11.2) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE anophthalmos; balanced translocation 3q11p; chromosome 3 ID DELETION; ABNORMALITIES; PITUITARY AB Primary anophthalmos is a heterogeneous condition. In its nonsyndromal form, it is usually considered an autosomal recessive trait. However, other causes such as chromosomal abnormalities and prenatal insults need to be considered. We report on a unique reciprocal translocation 46,XX,t(3;11)(927;p11.2) in a baby with isolated anophthalmos. Both Chitayat et al, [1996] and Alvarez Arratia et al, [1984] have reported on cases of terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 3, In each case the child had multiple anomalies including microphthalmia or anophthalmia, Because our patient appears to have no other anomalies, this break point may indicate that a genetic locus for eye formation exists at chromosome site 3q27. Am. J, Med. Genet, 87:201-202, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Bethesda, MD USA. Genet & IVF Inst, Fairfax, VA USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Driggers, RW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Hosp, Dept Obstet Gynecol, Houck 228,600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. NR 4 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD NOV 26 PY 1999 VL 87 IS 3 BP 201 EP 202 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19991126)87:3<201::AID-AJMG1>3.0.CO;2-H PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 257PZ UT WOS:000083791900001 PM 10564870 ER PT J AU Barnouin-Jha, OS Schultz, PH Lever, JH AF Barnouin-Jha, OS Schultz, PH Lever, JH TI Investigating the interactions between an atmosphere and an ejecta curtain 1. Wind tunnel tests SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID IMPACT; EMPLACEMENT AB When an asteroid impacts a planetary surface, ejecta are excavated along ballistic trajectories whose loci define an inverted cone shape. The outward advancing motion of this curtain displaces atmosphere to generate a ring vortex whose winds can entrain, transport, and deposit ejecta and fine-grained surface materials. Curtain width and velocity, particle concentration, size distribution and motion parallel to the curtain, and the density, viscosity, and compressibility of the surrounding atmosphere all influence the vortex circulation strength. As analogs to an advancing ejecta curtain, we tested the effect of inclined solid and porous plates on vortex formation in a low-speed wind tunnel. We found that hydraulic resistance, a measure of energy losses for 1-D porous flow, governs the position along a porous plate where it becomes effectively permeable and flow separation occurs. The resulting flow field is similar to that over an inclined solid plate of the same effective length. Energy losses through the top, permeable portions of the plate reduce circulation strength by only 7% relative to flow over a solid plate. The two parameters needed to estimate circulation strength, curtain velocity and impermeable height, can thus be determined by coupling an impact model with published hydraulic resistance data. These tests also served to calibrate a numerical model, which we then applied to investigate the influence of atmospheric compressibility and particle motion parallel to the curtain (see Part 2 [Barnouin-Jha et al., this issue]). These two studies provide a method to predict the curtain-induced flow and consequent patterns of debris deposition associated with impacts on planets with atmospheres. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Barnouin-Jha, OS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RI Barnouin, Olivier/I-7475-2015 OI Barnouin, Olivier/0000-0002-3578-7750 NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV 25 PY 1999 VL 104 IS E11 BP 27105 EP 27115 DI 10.1029/1999JE001026 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 258NE UT WOS:000083844600009 ER PT J AU Barnouin-Jha, OS Schultz, PH Lever, JH AF Barnouin-Jha, OS Schultz, PH Lever, JH TI Investigating the interactions between an atmosphere and an ejecta curtain 2. Numerical experiments SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID EMPLACEMENT AB The locus of ejecta excavated during an impact generates a debris curtain that expands outward. In an atmosphere this advancing curtain acts like a semipermeable barrier that displaces the surrounding gas. The generated flow separates near the top of the curtain to form a vortex ring whose strong winds entrain, transport, and deposit fine-grained ejecta, affecting the morphology of distal ejecta deposited on planets with atmospheres. We have investigated how the curtain width and velocity, particle concentration, size distribution and velocity parallel to the curtain, and the density, viscosity, and compressibility of the surrounding atmosphere controls the flow strength of these winds. Wind tunnel tests (Part I [Barnouin-Jha et al., this issue]) show that for an ejecta-like porous plate, the hydraulic resistance, a measure of energy losses for one-dimensional porous flow, governs the position along the curtain where it becomes effectively impermeable. Combined with suitable cratering models and published hydraulic resistance data, this information allows estimating the flow strength or circulation generated by an advancing curtain. The present study assesses the influence of atmospheric compressibility and particle motion parallel to the curtain surface on the curtain's circulation in order to improve these estimates. Numerical experiments indicate that atmospheric compressibility has little effect on the circulation at Mach number below 0.5, consistent with analytical solutions. Analytical solutions show, however, that this flow circulation should increase significantly at higher Mach numbers. The numerical experiments also show that individual ejecta traveling parallel to the surface of the curtain enhance the induced circulation by 9% to 33%. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Barnouin-Jha, OS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RI Barnouin, Olivier/I-7475-2015 OI Barnouin, Olivier/0000-0002-3578-7750 NR 28 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD NOV 25 PY 1999 VL 104 IS E11 BP 27117 EP 27131 DI 10.1029/1999JE001027 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 258NE UT WOS:000083844600010 ER PT J AU Stroscio, MA Kisin, M Belenky, G Luryi, S AF Stroscio, MA Kisin, M Belenky, G Luryi, S TI Phonon enhanced inverse population in asymmetric double quantum wells SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CASCADE LASER; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; TRANSITIONS; SCATTERING AB Interwell optical-phonon-assisted transitions are studied in an asymmetric double-quantum-well heterostructure comprising one narrow and one wide coupled quantum wells (QWs). We show that the depopulation rate of the lower subband states in the narrow QW can be significantly enhanced thus facilitating the intersubband inverse population, if the depopulated subband is aligned with the second subband of the wider QW, while the energy separation from the first subband is tuned to the highest energy optical-phonon mode. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)03447-6]. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Stroscio, MA (reprint author), USA, Res Off, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 22 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 21 BP 3258 EP 3260 DI 10.1063/1.125317 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 256MA UT WOS:000083728000006 ER PT J AU Armstrong, TA Barish, KN Batsouli, S Bennett, MJ Bennett, SJ Chikanian, A Coe, SD Cormier, TM Davies, RR De Cataldo, G Dee, P Diebold, GE Dover, CB Ewell, LA Emmet, W Fachini, P Fadem, B Finch, LE George, NK Giglietto, N Greene, SV Haridas, P Hill, JC Hirsch, AS Hoversten, RA Huang, HZ Jaradat, H Kim, B Kumar, BS Lajoie, JG Lainis, T Lewis, RA Li, Q Li, Y Libby, B Majka, RD Miller, TE Munhoz, MG Nagle, JL Petridis, A Pless, IA Pope, JK Porile, NT Pruneau, C Rabin, MSZ Reid, JD Rimai, A Riso, J Rose, A Rotondo, FS Sandweiss, J Scharenberg, RP Skank, H Slaughter, AJ Sleage, G Smith, GA Spinelli, P Srivastava, BK Tincknell, ML Toothacker, WS Van Buren, G Wilson, WK Wohn, FK Wolin, EJ Xu, Z Zhao, K AF Armstrong, TA Barish, KN Batsouli, S Bennett, MJ Bennett, SJ Chikanian, A Coe, SD Cormier, TM Davies, RR De Cataldo, G Dee, P Diebold, GE Dover, CB Ewell, LA Emmet, W Fachini, P Fadem, B Finch, LE George, NK Giglietto, N Greene, SV Haridas, P Hill, JC Hirsch, AS Hoversten, RA Huang, HZ Jaradat, H Kim, B Kumar, BS Lajoie, JG Lainis, T Lewis, RA Li, Q Li, Y Libby, B Majka, RD Miller, TE Munhoz, MG Nagle, JL Petridis, A Pless, IA Pope, JK Porile, NT Pruneau, C Rabin, MSZ Reid, JD Rimai, A Riso, J Rose, A Rotondo, FS Sandweiss, J Scharenberg, RP Skank, H Slaughter, AJ Sleage, G Smith, GA Spinelli, P Srivastava, BK Tincknell, ML Toothacker, WS Van Buren, G Wilson, WK Wohn, FK Wolin, EJ Xu, Z Zhao, K CA BNL E864 Collaboration TI A spectrometer for study of high mass objects created in relativistic heavy ion reactions SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE spectrometer; calorimeter; heavy ions; tracking; trigger ID SCINTILLATING-FIBER CALORIMETER; STRANGE QUARK MATTER; COLLISIONS; SEARCH AB Experiment E864 at the Brookhaven AGS accelerator uses a high sensitivity, large acceptance spectrometer, designed to search for strangelets and other novel forms of matter produced in high-energy heavy ion collisions. The spectrometer has excellent acceptance and rate capabilities for measuring the production properties of known particles and nuclei such as (p) over bar, (d) over bar and He-6. The experiment uses a magnetic spectrometer and employs redundant time of flight and position detectors and a hadronic calorimeter. In this paper we describe the design and performance of the spectrometer. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Bari, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Bari, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hill, JC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012 OI giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 1999 VL 437 IS 2-3 BP 222 EP 246 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)00679-8 PG 25 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 257PJ UT WOS:000083790400006 ER PT J AU Bembenek, SD Rice, BM AF Bembenek, SD Rice, BM TI Transitioning model potentials to real systems SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL FLUID INTERFACE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; LIQUID-VAPOR INTERFACE; LENNARD-JONES FLUID; GLASS-TRANSITION; FREE-ENERGIES; MONTE-CARLO; TEMPERATURE; EQUATION; SURFACE AB The parameters of two pair potentials that describe argon over its entire liquid phase at a fixed pressure were optimized through a novel application of constant temperature and pressure molecular dynamics (NPT-MD) and Monte Carlo (NPT-MC) computer simulations. The forms of these potentials were those of a modified Lennard-Jones potential and a Lennard-Jones potential. The optimized potential determined using NPT-MD simulations reproduces experimental densities, internal energies and enthalpies with an error less than 1% over most of the liquid range and yields self-diffusion coefficients that are in excellent agreement with experiment. The results using the potential determined by NPT-MC simulations are in almost as good agreement with deviations from experiment of no more than 5.89% for temperatures up to vaporization. Additionally, molar volumes predicted using this potential at pressures in the range 100-600 atm and over temperatures in the range 100-140 K were within 0.83% of experimental values. These results show that, when properly parametrized? Lennard-Jones-like potentials can describe a system well over a large temperature range. Further, the method introduced is easy to implement and is independent of the form of the interaction potential used. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Rice, BM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD NOV 20 PY 1999 VL 97 IS 10 BP 1085 EP 1094 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 258UZ UT WOS:000083858700002 ER PT J AU Lacbawan, FL White, BJ Anguiano, A Rigdon, DT Ball, KD Bromage, GB Yang, XJ DiFazio, MP Levin, SW AF Lacbawan, FL White, BJ Anguiano, A Rigdon, DT Ball, KD Bromage, GB Yang, XJ DiFazio, MP Levin, SW TI Rare interstitial deletion (2)(p11.2p13) in a child with pericentric inversion (2)(p11.2q13) of paternal origin SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE chromosome 2; pericentric inversion; interstitial deletion 2p12; unequal crossingover ID PARACENTRIC INVERSION; CHROMOSOME 2; DUPLICATION; ASSOCIATION; CARRIERS AB An unbalanced 46,XY,der(2)del(2) (p11.2p13) inv(2)(p11.2q13) karyotype was found in a phenotypically abnormal child with a de novo interstitial deletion of band 2p12 associated with an inv(2)(p11.2q13) inherited from the father. The inv(a) is generally considered a benign familial variant without significant reproductive consequences. However, our findings led us to consider a previously proposed mechanism of unequal meiotic crossing over at the base of a parental inversion loop, which could lead to either a deletion or duplication of a segment adjacent to the inverted region in the offspring. This phenomenon has been reported in other inversions of chromosomes 1, 7, 13, 15, and 17 and may explain the origin of the deletion in our patient. Although repetitive sequences might be present around such inversions, which could predispose to de novo deletions independently of the inversion, current evidence including this case favors a proposed causal relationship between the parental inversion and the deletion in the child. Our review and results suggest there could be a small risk for a related imbalance to couples with an inv(2)(p11.2q13). For del(2)(p11.2p13), which is rare, a more distinct phenotype has been proposed herein. Our patient shared several findings with the three previously published cases, namely the broad nasal bridge, abnormal ears, high-arched palate, psychomotor retardation, and micrognathia, However, our patient also had sensorineural hearing loss and significant hypotonia, which have not been previously reported, thereby expanding our understanding of this rare deletion. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Genet Sect, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NHGRI, Med Genet Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Nichols Inst, Quest Diagnost, Dept Cytogenet, San Juan Capistrano, CA USA. USAF, Ctr Med Genet, Kessler AFB, MS USA. RP Levin, SW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Genet Sect, Bldg 38, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD NOV 19 PY 1999 VL 87 IS 2 BP 139 EP 142 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19991119)87:2<139::AID-AJMG5>3.0.CO;2-J PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 253LV UT WOS:000083558800005 PM 10533028 ER PT J AU Severson, W Partin, L Schmaljohn, CS Johnsson, CB AF Severson, W Partin, L Schmaljohn, CS Johnsson, CB TI Characterization of the hantaan nucleocapsid protein-ribonucleic acid interaction SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; BINDING-PROPERTIES; RNA-BINDING; INVITRO; NUCLEOPROTEIN; GENOME; TRANSCRIPTION; ENCAPSIDATION; HANTAVIRUSES AB The nucleocapsid (N) protein functions in hantavirus replication through its interactions with the viral genomic and antigenomic RNAs. To address the biological functions of the N protein, it was critical to first define this binding interaction. The dissociation constant, K-d, for the interaction of the Hantaan virus (HTNV) N protein and its genomic S segment (vRNA) was measured under several solution conditions. Overall, increasing the NaCl and Mg2+ in these binding reactions had little impact on the K-d. However, the HTNV N protein showed an enhanced specificity for HTNV vRNA as compared with the S segment open reading frame RNA or a nonviral RNA with increasing ionic strength and the presence of Mg2+. In contrast, the assembly of Sin Nombre virus N protein-HTNV vRNA complexes was inhibited by the presence of Mg2+ Or,increase in the ionic strength. The K-d values for HTNV and Sin Nombre virus N proteins were nearly identical for the S segment open reading frame RNA, showing weak affinity over several binding reaction conditions. Our data suggest a model in which specific recognition of the HTNV vRNA by the HTNV N protein resides in the noncoding regions of the HTNV vRNA. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Grad Program Mol Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Johnsson, CB (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Box 30001,MSC 3C, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [1RO3AI41114-01, R03 AI041114-03, R03 AI041114]; NIGMS NIH HHS [S06 GM008136-230035, S06 GM008136] NR 35 TC 47 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD NOV 19 PY 1999 VL 274 IS 47 BP 33732 EP 33739 DI 10.1074/jbc.274.47.33732 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 256UQ UT WOS:000083745200081 PM 10559265 ER PT J AU Fine, A Layton, M Miller, J Cimini, D Vargas, MC Inglesby, A Cohen, N Weisfuse, I Ramon, A Poshni, I Stirling, H McNamara, T Huang, A Rosenberg, A Yang-Lewis, P Adel, HN Sherman, M Terillion, G Smith, B Porter, R Greenberg, A Gaffney, KA Novello, A White, D Morse, D Spitalny, K Gallo, R Wong, S Grady, L Eidson, M Wallace, B Smith, P Cartter, M Nelson, R Hadler, J Andreadis, T Blumenstock, J Degraaf, J Sorhage, F Campbell, C Brook, J Gerwell, M Adams, D Bruder, K Kent, R Eisner, R Halpern, N Roscoe, D Bresnitz, E Crans, W Mackenzie, J Hall, R Sherret, J Artsob, H Smith, J Parker, M Steele, K AF Fine, A Layton, M Miller, J Cimini, D Vargas, MC Inglesby, A Cohen, N Weisfuse, I Ramon, A Poshni, I Stirling, H McNamara, T Huang, A Rosenberg, A Yang-Lewis, P Adel, HN Sherman, M Terillion, G Smith, B Porter, R Greenberg, A Gaffney, KA Novello, A White, D Morse, D Spitalny, K Gallo, R Wong, S Grady, L Eidson, M Wallace, B Smith, P Cartter, M Nelson, R Hadler, J Andreadis, T Blumenstock, J Degraaf, J Sorhage, F Campbell, C Brook, J Gerwell, M Adams, D Bruder, K Kent, R Eisner, R Halpern, N Roscoe, D Bresnitz, E Crans, W Mackenzie, J Hall, R Sherret, J Artsob, H Smith, J Parker, M Steele, K CA New York City Oubreak Invest Team TI Update: West Nile virus encephalitis - New York, 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 944-950, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New York City Outbreak Invest Team, New York, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, New York, NY USA. Westchester Cty Hlth Dept, New Rochelle, NY USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT USA. New Jersey Dept Agr, Trenton, NJ USA. New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, Trenton, NJ USA. New Jersey State Dept Hlth, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. Hlth Canada, Lab Ctr Dis Control, Ottawa, ON, Canada. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Washington, DC USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Br, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fine, A (reprint author), New York City Outbreak Invest Team, New York, NY USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 17 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 19 BP 1806 EP 1807 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 254MD UT WOS:000083615700009 ER PT J AU Zheleva, TS Ashmawi, WM Jones, KA AF Zheleva, TS Ashmawi, WM Jones, KA TI Pendeo-epitaxy versus lateral epitaxial overgrowth of GaN: A comparative study via finite element analysis SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS 99) CY JUL 05-09, 1999 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP ICNS ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; DISLOCATION DENSITY; FILMS AB Recent studies of the structural quality of GaN stripes grown selectively via lateral epitaxial overgrowth (LEO) and pendeo-epitaxy (PE) or maskless lateral epitaxy, reveal that the regions of lateral growth exhibit four-to-five orders of magnitude lower density of dislocations compared to the regions of vertical growth, In both cases the crystallographic templates for the lateral growth are the {11 (2) over bar 0}, {1 (1) over bar 00}, or the {1 (1) over bar 01} side facets of the GaN. The examination of the morphology of the top surfaces. side facets, and interfaces of the LEO- and PE-GaN stripes with the underlying and adjacent interfaces, reveal their striking similarity with the thermally generated stress/strain gradient profiles as calculated via finite element analysis. A comparison between the stress distribution as a result of the mismatches in the coefficients of thermal expansion among the films in the structures, grouped in four types with:different geometries will be presented: (1) conventional LEO-GaN, (II) conventional LEO-GaN case without SiO2 layer, (III) PE-GaN mode A, and (IV) PE-GaN mode B. C1 USA, Res Lab, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Zheleva, TS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, SEDD, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Res. PD NOV 16 PY 1999 VL 176 IS 1 BP 545 EP 551 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-396X(199911)176:1<545::AID-PSSA545>3.0.CO;2-E PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 261WA UT WOS:000084032200103 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Li, SS Tidrow, MZ Liu, WK Bacher, K AF Lee, JH Li, SS Tidrow, MZ Liu, WK Bacher, K TI Quantum-well infrared photodetectors with digital graded superlattice barrier for long-wavelength and broadband detection SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report two high-performance quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) using GaAs/AlGaAs digital graded superlattice barriers and InGaAs quantum wells for long-wavelength infrared and broadband (BB) detection. The compositionally digital graded superlattice barriers (DGSLBs) of the QWIP structures were grown using GaAs/AlGaAs digital graded superlattices to form a staircase-like composition-graded barrier layer without adjustment of the source temperature (510 degrees C) and the AlGaAs composition (15% Al). In the BB DGSLB QWIP, a broad spectral response from 7 to 16 mu m wavelength range was obtained under positive bias condition, while a normal spectral response with peak wavelength at 11 mu m was obtained under the negative bias condition. In addition, a double-barrier (DB) DGSLB QWIP structure adding a thin (20 Angstrom) undoped Al0.15Ga0.85As on each side of the InGaAs quantum well to form a DB structure for the confinement of electron wave functions in the E-4 states was also studied. A peak responsivity of 3 A/W was obtained at V-b = 1 V, T = 35 K, and lambda(p) = 12 mu m, and normal spectral response was observed in this device. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)03842-5]. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Quantum Epitaxial Designs Inc, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 20 BP 3207 EP 3209 DI 10.1063/1.125279 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 254NV UT WOS:000083619800052 ER PT J AU Chen, CJ Choi, KK Rokhinson, L Chang, WH Tsui, DC AF Chen, CJ Choi, KK Rokhinson, L Chang, WH Tsui, DC TI A characterization technique for quantum well infrared photodetectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Despite the rapid development of the quantum well (QW) infrared technology, the intrinsic properties of the QW infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) have not been directly measured under the operating conditions of the detector. In this work, we introduce a characterization technique, which utilizes the surface corrugation to probe the absorption coefficient and the photoconductive gain of a QWIP under different operating conditions. This technique enables the intrinsic properties of the detector to be more accurately characterized and its performance better assessed. A mid-wavelength QWIP is used for the demonstration of this technique. The results are compared to those deduced from the conventional measurements. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)02246-9]. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chen, CJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 20 BP 3210 EP 3212 DI 10.1063/1.125280 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 254NV UT WOS:000083619800053 ER PT J AU Krishnamurti, C Peat, RA Cutting, MA Burrous, JM Kanesa-Thasan, N AF Krishnamurti, C Peat, RA Cutting, MA Burrous, JM Kanesa-Thasan, N TI Platelet adhesion to cultured normal, endotoxin-stimulated and dengue virus infected endothelial cells. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Virus Dis, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 10 SU 1 MA 3487 BP 74B EP 74B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 257PM UT WOS:000083790700331 ER PT J AU Greenwalt, T Hess, J Knapp, A Gormas, J Rugg, N AF Greenwalt, T Hess, J Knapp, A Gormas, J Rugg, N TI Improved morphology & suppression of erythrocyte microvesiculation with improved storage. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Hoxworth Blood Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 10 SU 1 MA 3693 BP 119B EP 119B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 257PM UT WOS:000083790700537 ER PT J AU Byrd, JC Shinn, CA Jansure, J Hydom, C Pearson, MD Flinn, IW Grever, MR AF Byrd, JC Shinn, CA Jansure, J Hydom, C Pearson, MD Flinn, IW Grever, MR TI CAMPATH-1H induces apoptosis in human chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (CLL) in vitro independent of complement mediated lysis or Fc gamma receptor ligation. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Div Hematol Malignancies, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 10 SU 1 MA 556 BP 126A EP 126A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 257PH UT WOS:000083790300605 ER PT J AU Willis, C Byrd, JC Shinn, C Flinn, IW Grever, MR AF Willis, C Byrd, JC Shinn, C Flinn, IW Grever, MR TI UCN-01 chemosensitizes human B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells to the effects of fludarabine. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Div Hematol Malignancies, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 10 SU 1 MA 561 BP 127A EP 127A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 257PH UT WOS:000083790300610 ER PT J AU Flynn, JM Howard, RS Byrd, JC AF Flynn, JM Howard, RS Byrd, JC TI Second malignancies in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): Association with CLL but no additional impact with fludarabine or alkylator treatment. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 10 SU 1 MA 4553 BP 298B EP 298B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 257PM UT WOS:000083790701397 ER PT J AU Flynn, JM Byrd, JC Diehl, LF AF Flynn, JM Byrd, JC Diehl, LF TI The causes of death and the impact of age on the survival of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 10 SU 1 MA 4552 BP 298B EP 298B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 257PM UT WOS:000083790701396 ER PT J AU Byrd, JC Willis, CR Waselenko, JK Park, K Goodrich, A Morrison, C Lucas, MS Shinn, C Diehl, LF Grever, MR Flinn, IW AF Byrd, JC Willis, CR Waselenko, JK Park, K Goodrich, A Morrison, C Lucas, MS Shinn, C Diehl, LF Grever, MR Flinn, IW TI Theophylline, pentostatin, and chlorambucil; A dose escalation study to modulate intrinsic biologic resistance mechanisms in patients with relapsed lymphoproliferative disorders. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Div Hematol Malignancies, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 10 SU 1 MA 4602 BP 308B EP 308B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 257PM UT WOS:000083790701446 ER PT J AU Murphy, TJ Ling, G Flynn, IW Lucas, MS Park, K Goodrich, A Grever, MR Byrd, JC AF Murphy, TJ Ling, G Flynn, IW Lucas, MS Park, K Goodrich, A Grever, MR Byrd, JC TI Infusion-related events following rituximab therapy in chronic lympyhocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL): Association with inflammatory cytokines. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Div Hematol, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 10 SU 1 MA 1397 BP 312A EP 312A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 257PH UT WOS:000083790301446 ER PT J AU Pearson, MD Shinn, C Grever, MR Flinn, IW Byrd, JC AF Pearson, MD Shinn, C Grever, MR Flinn, IW Byrd, JC TI Rituximab induces in vitro apoptosis in human chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (CLL) independent of complement mediated lysis but requires Fc gamma receptor ligation. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Div Hematol Malignancies, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 10 SU 1 MA 4626 BP 313B EP 313B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 257PM UT WOS:000083790701470 ER PT J AU Byrd, JC Shinn, CA Pearson, MD Flinn, IW Link, BK Wang, H Weiner, G Grever, MR AF Byrd, JC Shinn, CA Pearson, MD Flinn, IW Link, BK Wang, H Weiner, G Grever, MR TI Hu1D10 induces apoptosis in vitro in human chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (CLL) independent of compliment mediated lysis but requires Fc gamma receptor ligation. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC USA. Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Div Hematol Malignacies, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Prot Design Labs Inc, Fremont, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 10 SU 1 MA 1405 BP 314A EP 314A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 257PH UT WOS:000083790301454 ER PT J AU Waselenko, JK Caton, J Atkins, MY Vukelja, S Coleman, TA Myhand, RC AF Waselenko, JK Caton, J Atkins, MY Vukelja, S Coleman, TA Myhand, RC TI Salvage chemotherapy significantly prolongs survival in patients with breast cancer (BC) who relapse after high dose chemotherapy (HDC). SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Bone Marrow Transplantat Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. Tyler Canc Ctr, Tyler, TX USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 10 SU 1 MA 1572 BP 353A EP 353A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 257PH UT WOS:000083790301621 ER PT J AU Myhand, RC Waselenko, JK Lewis, EC Reeb, B Babior, BM AF Myhand, RC Waselenko, JK Lewis, EC Reeb, B Babior, BM TI Refrigerated stem cells stored in modified fluid gelatin (MFG) support durable engraftment in patients with breast cancer receiving high-dose chemotherapy (HDC). SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol & Expt Med, La Jolla, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 10 SU 1 MA 4831 BP 359B EP 359B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 257PM UT WOS:000083790701675 ER PT J AU Myhand, RC Waselenko, JK Coleman, TA Waddell, JA Caton, J AF Myhand, RC Waselenko, JK Coleman, TA Waddell, JA Caton, J TI Post transplant relapse salvage chemotherapy with vinblastine, mitoxantrone, thiotepa and halotestin (VMTH) in patients with metastatic breast cancer. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Bone Marrow Transplant Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 10 SU 1 MA 5029 BP 403B EP 403B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 257PM UT WOS:000083790701873 ER PT J AU Rothwell, SW Maglasang, P Reid, TJ Gorogias, M Krishnamurti, C AF Rothwell, SW Maglasang, P Reid, TJ Gorogias, M Krishnamurti, C TI Correlation of in vivo and in vitro functions of fresh and stored human platelets. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 10 SU 1 MA 2059 BP 462A EP 462A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 257PH UT WOS:000083790302108 ER PT J AU Perkins, JG Flynn, JM Byrd, JC AF Perkins, JG Flynn, JM Byrd, JC TI Frequency and type of serious infections in fludarabine-refractory B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL): Implications for clinical trials in this patient population. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 10 SU 1 MA 2412 BP 540A EP 540A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 257PH UT WOS:000083790302461 ER PT J AU Shinn, CA Byrd, JC Neuberg, DS Flinn, IW Grever, MR AF Shinn, CA Byrd, JC Neuberg, DS Flinn, IW Grever, MR TI Overexpression of MDM2 in leukemic cells in previously treated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 10 SU 1 MA 2422 BP 542A EP 542A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 257PH UT WOS:000083790302471 ER PT J AU Byrd, JC Grever, MR Davis, B Lucas, MS Park, K Goodrich, A Morrison, C Murphy, T Kunkel, L Grillo-Lopez, A Waselenko, JK Flinn, IW AF Byrd, JC Grever, MR Davis, B Lucas, MS Park, K Goodrich, A Morrison, C Murphy, T Kunkel, L Grillo-Lopez, A Waselenko, JK Flinn, IW TI Phase I/II study of thrice weekly rituximab in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL): A feasible and active regimen. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Div Hematol Malignancies, Baltimore, MD USA. Genentech Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. IDEC Pharmaceut Inc, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 10 SU 1 MA 3114 BP 704A EP 705A PN 1 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 257PH UT WOS:000083790303163 ER PT J AU Kumar, R Nivarthi, SS Davis, HT Kroll, DM Maier, RS AF Kumar, R Nivarthi, SS Davis, HT Kroll, DM Maier, RS TI Application of the lattice-Boltzmann method to study flow and dispersion in channels with and without expansion and contraction geometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE lattice-Boltzmann; lattice gas; dispersion; porous media ID BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; EQUATION AB The lattice-Boltzmann (LB) method, derived from lattice gas automata, is a relatively new technique for studying transport problems. The LB method is investigated for its accuracy to study fluid dynamics and dispersion problems. Two problems of relevance to flow and dispersion in porous media are addressed: (1) Poiseuille flow between parallel plates (which is analogous to flow in pore throats in two-dimensional porous networks), and (ii) flow through an expansion-contraction geometry (which is analogous to flow in pore bodies in two-dimensional porous networks). The results obtained from the LB simulations are compared with analytical solutions when available, and with solutions obtained from a finite element code (FIDAP) when analytical results are not available. Excellent agreement is found between the LB results and the analytical/FIDAP solutions in most cases, indicating the utility of the lattice-Boltzmann method for solving fluid dynamics and dispersion problems. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Minnesota, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USA, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Minnesota Supercomp Ctr Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. RP Davis, HT (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Walter Lib 105, Off Dean, Twin Cities Campus,117 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 31 IS 5 BP 801 EP 819 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0363(19991115)31:5<801::AID-FLD898>3.0.CO;2-4 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 251ND UT WOS:000083451000002 ER PT J AU Andreas, EL Cash, BA AF Andreas, EL Cash, BA TI Convective heat transfer over wintertime leads and polynyas SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; AIR-SEA INTERFACE; SENSIBLE HEAT; CANADIAN ARCHIPELAGO; TRANSFER-COEFFICIENTS; ARCTIC LEADS; WATER-VAPOR; FLUX; PARAMETERIZATION; ICE AB Leads, and polynyas are areas of open water or thin ice surrounded by thicker ice. In winter they are ideal natural laboratories for studying convective heat transfer from the ocean. First, the relevant length scales are much larger than those possible in the laboratory. Second, the large water-air temperature difference provides a wide range of unstably stratified conditions. Third, the surrounding sea ice is a very stable platform on which to place turbulence instruments. Here we analyze three data sets obtained over Arctic leads and polynyas in winter. First, we compute the bulk aerodynamic transfer coefficient for sensible heat at neutral stability appropriate at a reference height of 10 m, C-HN10. For fetches over the warm lead or polynya larger than similar to 100 m, C-HN10 has the value typically reported over the open ocean at lower latitudes, 1.00 x 10(-3). At fetches much <100 m, C-HN10 Can be as large as 1.8 X 10(-3). That is, smaller leads and polynyas transfer sensible heat more efficiently than large ones, presumably because the transfer is by mixed free and forced convection. In the second part of the study, we look at this transition from forced to free convection as parameterized by C-* in the free convection relation Nu = C*Ra1/3, where Nu is the Nusselt number and Ra is the Rayleigh number. We demonstrate that delta/L, where L is the Obukhov length and delta is the fetch-dependent height of the thermal internal boundary layer, is a useful free convection parameter. At large - delta/L, our data show that C-* approaches the often quoted limit of 0.15, For - delta/L roughly <6, a flow is exchanging heat by mixed free and forced convection, and C-* can be substantially >0.15. Because we have data over a wide enough stability range to evaluate how C-* depends on delta/L, in effect, we develop a new algorithm for computing sensible and latent heat transfer in fetch-limited, convective conditions. This algorithm could be especially useful for sensing the turbulent heat fluxes over leads and polynyas remotely because it depends only weakly on surface level wind speed, which is difficult to determine remotely over an ice-covered ocean. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Andreas, EL (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 49 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 15 PY 1999 VL 104 IS C11 BP 25721 EP 25734 DI 10.1029/1999JC900241 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 255DC UT WOS:000083653400007 ER PT J AU Montgomery, VA Makuch, RS Brown, JE Hack, DC AF Montgomery, VA Makuch, RS Brown, JE Hack, DC TI The immunogenicity in humans of a botulinum type F vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE botulinum type F; ELISA; mouse bioassay ID NEUROTOXIN; PURIFICATION; NEUTRALIZATION; ANTIBODIES; BINDING; TOXIN AB A purified monovalent botulinum type F toxoid vaccine was administered to 35 healthy adult volunteers in a phase I clinical trial. Serum samples from the vaccinated volunteers were evaluated for an antibody response at various time intervals over 1 year by mouse bioassay and ELISA. The antibody response was measured for varying doses of vaccine (2, 5, or 10 mu g), and after single or multiple (two or three doses @ 10 mu g) vaccinations. Six out of 15 (40%) individuals developed antibody titers after receiving a single dose. After two and three vaccinations, there was a 90% (18/20) and 100% (10/10) seroconversion rate, respectively. Eight months after initial injection, 57 and 63% of individuals were antibody positive following two or three vaccinations, respectively. Single vaccinations, at any of the tested dosages, elicited lower, if any, antibody response than did multiple vaccinations. After the third vaccination, ELISA titers positively correlated with mouse neutralization bioassay titers (r(2) = 0.86). Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Toxicol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA Med Res, Inst Infect Dis, Div Med, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Montgomery, VA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Toxicol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 12 PY 1999 VL 18 IS 7-8 BP 728 EP 735 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00264-9 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 256NP UT WOS:000083731800021 PM 10547433 ER PT J AU Rudick, RA Fisher, E Lee, JC Simon, J Jacobs, L AF Rudick, RA Fisher, E Lee, JC Simon, J Jacobs, L CA Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative R TI Use of the brain parenchymal fraction to measure whole brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting MS SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE MS; MRI; brain atrophy; interferon beta ID MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; DISEASE PROGRESSION; MRI; DISABILITY; LESIONS; CORD AB Background: Episodic inflammation in the CNS during the early stages of MS results in progressive disability years later, presumably due to myelin and axonal injury. MRI demonstrates ongoing disease activity during the early disease stage, even in some patients who are stable clinically. The optimal MRI measure for the destructive pathologic process is uncertain, however. Methods: In this post-hoc study, MRI scans were analyzed from patients with relapsing MS participating in a placebo-controlled trial of interferon beta-1a The brain parenchymal fraction, defined as the ratio of brain parenchymal volume to the total volume within the brain surface contour, was used to measure whole brain atrophy. The relationship between disease features and brain atrophy and effect of interferon beta-1a were determined. Results: MS patients had significant brain atrophy that worsened during each of 2 years of observation. In many patients, brain atrophy worsened without clinical disease activity. Baseline clinical and MRI abnormalities were not strongly related to the rate of brain atrophy during the subsequent 2 years. Treatment with interferon beta-1a resulted in a reduction in brain atrophy progression during the second year of the clinical trial. Conclusions: Patients with relapsing-remitting MS have measurable amounts of whole brain atrophy that worsens yearly, in most cases without clinical manifestations. The brain parenchymal fraction is a marker for destructive pathologic processes ongoing in relapsing MS patients, and appears useful in demonstrating treatment effects in controlled clinical trials. C1 Cleveland Clin Fdn, Mellen Ctr, Area U100, Dept Neurol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Biomed Engn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol MRI, Denver, CO USA. Buffalo Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, MSCRG Data Management & Stat Ctr, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. Buffalo Gen Hosp, Div Dev & Behav Neurosci, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. Phys Imaging Ctr Western New York, New York, NY USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Microbiol, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Prevent & Social Med, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol MRI, Denver, CO USA. Good Samaritan Hosp & Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Portland, OR 97209 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Neurol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Good Samaritan Hosp & Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Portland, OR 97209 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NINDS, Cognit Neurosci Unit, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Rudick, RA (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Mellen Ctr, Area U100, Dept Neurol, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. FU PHS HHS [R01-26321] NR 22 TC 504 Z9 508 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD NOV 10 PY 1999 VL 53 IS 8 BP 1698 EP 1704 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 253MX UT WOS:000083561300018 PM 10563615 ER PT J AU Owens, FJ AF Owens, FJ TI Paramagnetic resonance evidence for the opening of a spin gap in YBa2Cu2.7Co0.3O7-x SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article DE YBa2Cu3O7-x; spin gap; paramagnetic resonance ID BA-CU-O; ANTIFERROMAGNETS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; TRANSITION AB The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of Co(2+) doped into YBa2Cu3O7-x for the Cu(2+) ion shows a pronounced decrease in the intensity as the temperature is lowered to 150 K where it almost completely disappears, characteristic of opening of a spin gap. In the same temperature range, there is a marked nonlinear increase in the g(yy) of the Co(2+) spectrum which is indicative of the onset of antiferromagnetic spin ordering consistent with formation of a ground singlet state. A,spin gap for the Co-Cu singlet of 24.0 meV is estimated from the data. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Arnament Res Engn & Dev Ctr, Picatinny, NJ 07806 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Owens, FJ (reprint author), USA, Arnament Res Engn & Dev Ctr, Picatinny, NJ 07806 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV 10 PY 1999 VL 325 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 26 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(99)00470-0 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 261LT UT WOS:000084011200004 ER PT J AU Wagner, GW Bartram, PW AF Wagner, GW Bartram, PW TI Reactions of VX, HD, and their simulants with NaY and AgY zeolites. Desulfurization of VX on AgY SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHEMICAL WARFARE SAMPLES; SULFUR MUSTARD; HYDROLYSIS; NMR; AGENTS; DEGRADATION; SORBENTS; SOIL AB The room-temperature reactions of the chemical warfare agents VX (O-ethyl S-2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methylphosphonothioate), HD (2,2'-dichloroethyl sulfide, or mustard), and their common simulants, O,S-diethyl phenylphosphonothioate (DEPPT) and 2-chloroethyl phenyl sulfide (CEPS), with NaY and silver-exchanged (AgY) zeolites have been studied using solid-state magic angle spinning NMR. VX hydrolyzes via exclusive cleavage of the P-S bond on both NaY and AgY to yield ethyl methylphosphonate (EMPA). The reaction is significantly faster on AgY than on NaY, suggesting catalysis by silver. On AgY, an intermediate silver salt of EMPA is apparently formed which is slowly converted to ethyl 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methylphosphonate (QB, the desulfurized analogue of VX) in about a 78% yield. DEPPT similarly hydrolyzes via P-S cleavage on AgY to yield an apparent silver salt of ethyl phenylphosphonate, which does not undergo further reaction to the desulfurized analogue. No reaction is observed for DEPPT on NaY. HD an AgY forms both vinyl sulfide and the cyclic ether 1,4-thioxane. HD reacts faster on NaY to exclusively form the CH-TG sulfonium ion (HOCH2CH2SCH2CH2S+[CH2CH2OH](2)). CEPS also reacts faster on NaY, farming 2-hydroxyethyl phenyl sulfide. On AgY, CEPS does not give the vinyl product, but does yield the ether product PhSCH2CH2OCH2CH2SPh. A mechanism is proposed for the silver-catalyzed hydrolysis of VX, the desulfurization of the cleaved thiol, and the formation of QB. C1 USA, Res & Technol Directorate, ECBC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Wagner, GW (reprint author), USA, Res & Technol Directorate, ECBC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 31 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 8 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 9 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 23 BP 8113 EP 8118 DI 10.1021/la990716b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 255RU UT WOS:000083684600034 ER PT J AU Skoble, AJ AF Skoble, AJ TI Classroom discussion SO NEW REPUBLIC LA English DT Letter C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Skoble, AJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW REPUBLIC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1220 19TH ST NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0028-6583 J9 NEW REPUBLIC JI New Repub. PD NOV 8 PY 1999 VL 221 IS 19 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 250EQ UT WOS:000083376400005 ER PT J AU Vippagunta, SR Dorn, A Matile, H Bhattacharjee, AK Karle, JM Ellis, WY Ridley, RG Vennerstrom, JL AF Vippagunta, SR Dorn, A Matile, H Bhattacharjee, AK Karle, JM Ellis, WY Ridley, RG Vennerstrom, JL TI Structural specificity of chloroquine-hematin binding related to inhibition of hematin polymerization and parasite growth SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ENTHALPY-ENTROPY COMPENSATION; QUINOLINE ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; ANTI-MALARIAL ACTIVITY; FERRIPROTOPORPHYRIN-IX; HEME POLYMERIZATION; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; IN-VITRO AB Considerable data now support the! hypothesis that chloroquine (CQ)-hematin binding in the parasite food vacuole leads to inhibition of hemain polymerization and parasite death by hematin poisoning. To better understand the structural specificity of CQ-hematin binding, 13 CQ analogues were chosen and their hematin binding affinity, inhibition of hematin polymerization, and inhibition of parasite growth were measured. As determined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC-), the stoichiometry data and exothermic binding enthalpies indicated that, like CQ, these analogues bind to two or more hematin mu-oxo dimers in a cofacial pi-pi sandwich-type complex. Association constants (K-a's ranged from 0.46 to 2.9 x 10(5) M-1 compared to 4.0 x 10(5) M(-1)for CQ. Remarkably, we were not able to measure any significant interaction between hematin mu-oxo dimer and 11, the B-chloro analogue of CQ. This result indicates that the 7-chloro substituent in CQ is a critical structural determinant in its binding affinity to hematin mu-oxa dimer. Molecular modeling experiments reinforce the view that the enthalpically favorable pi-pi interaction observed in the CQ-hematin mu-oxo dimer complex derives from a favorable alignment of the out-of-plane pi-electron density in CQ and hematin Cc-ore dimer at the points of intermolecular contact. For 4-aminoquinolines related to CQ, our data suggest that, electron-withdrawing functional groups at the 7-position of the quinoline ring are required for activity against both hematin polymerization and parasite growth and that chlorine substitution at position 7 is optimal. Our results also confirm that the CQ diaminoalkyl side chain, especially the aliphatic tertiary nitrogen atom,is an important structural determinant in CQ drug resistance. For CQ analogues 1-13, the lack of correlation between K-a and hematin polymerization IC50 values suggests that other properties of the CQ-humatin mu-oxo dimer complex, rather than its association constant alone, play a role in the inhibition of hematin polymerization. However, there was a modest correlation between inhibition of hematin polymerization and inhibition of parasite growth when hematin polymerization IC50 values were normalized for hematin mu-oxo dimer binding affinities, adding further evidence that, antimalarial 4-aminoquinolines act by this mechanism. C1 Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Coll Pharm, Nebraska Med Ctr 986025, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. F Hoffmann La Roche & Co Ltd, Div Pharma, Preclin Res, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Vennerstrom, JL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Coll Pharm, Nebraska Med Ctr 986025, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI39670-01] NR 92 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD NOV 4 PY 1999 VL 42 IS 22 BP 4630 EP 4639 DI 10.1021/jm9902180 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 252TX UT WOS:000083519300015 PM 10579825 ER PT J AU Tharion, WJ Obusek, JP AF Tharion, WJ Obusek, JP TI Effects of a new individual fighting system on marksmanship SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE marksmanship; rifle shooting; military equipment; helmet; backpack; fighting load ID EXERCISE AB The effectiveness of shooting was tested in both prone and standing positions unsupported while wearing a new prototype infantry fighting equipment system developed under the Land Warrior (LW) program. Volunteers (n = 12) were male infantry soldiers who were experienced marksmen. Volunteers shot while wearing three equipment configurations: the Battle Dress Uniform (BDU), BDU and the conventional fighting load (CONV), and BDU and the LW fighting load (LWFL). Significant differences (p < 0.05) in distance from center of mass (DCM), shot group tightness (SGT) and percent of targets hit between equipment conditions were seen. Shooters shot approximately 42% farther away from the target center, had shot groups approximately 214% more disperse, and took 38% longer when shooting prone with the LWFL compared to the CONV conditions. The principal cause of shooting impairment while shooting prone with LWFL was the contact between the hard pack and the helmet preventing the shooter from properly lifting his head to see the target. Generally, when designing equipment, engineers should take into account performance under all body positions likely to be encountered in military operations. These results have demonstrated that both the standing and prone positions for shooting need to be considered when designing combat equipment for the fighting soldier. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr & Biochem Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Tharion, WJ (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr & Biochem Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-8141 J9 INT J IND ERGONOM JI Int. J. Ind. Ergon. PD NOV 3 PY 1999 VL 25 IS 1 BP 79 EP 84 PG 6 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA 255MA UT WOS:000083671600009 ER PT J AU Gottdiener, JS Tighe, JF Weissman, NJ AF Gottdiener, JS Tighe, JF Weissman, NJ TI Assessment of temporal bias in echocardiographic evaluation of valvular regurgitation SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 St Francis Hosp, Roslyn, NY USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Georgetown Univ Hosp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 2 PY 1999 VL 100 IS 18 SU S MA 376 BP 73 EP 73 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 250YD UT WOS:000083417100377 ER PT J AU Taylor, AJ Gorman, PD Hudak, C Sweet, WL Farb, A Virmani, R AF Taylor, AJ Gorman, PD Hudak, C Sweet, WL Farb, A Virmani, R TI The long-term coronary vascular response to Y-90-beta particle-emitting stents in the canine model SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Isostent, Belmont, CA USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 2 PY 1999 VL 100 IS 18 SU S MA 809 BP 156 EP 156 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 250YD UT WOS:000083417100809 ER PT J AU Taylor, AJ Burke, AP O'Malley, PG Farb, A Virmani, R AF Taylor, AJ Burke, AP O'Malley, PG Farb, A Virmani, R TI Insights into the "prognostic gap": The Framingham risk index, coronary calcification and culprit plaque morphology in sudden cardiac death SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 2 PY 1999 VL 100 IS 18 SU S MA 3414 BP 648 EP 648 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 250YD UT WOS:000083417103410 ER PT J AU Fulco, CS Rock, PB Muza, SR Lammi, E Cymerman, A Butterfield, G Moore, LG Braun, B Lewis, SF AF Fulco, CS Rock, PB Muza, SR Lammi, E Cymerman, A Butterfield, G Moore, LG Braun, B Lewis, SF TI Slower fatigue and faster recovery of the adductor pollicis muscle in women matched for strength with men SO ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article DE gender; maximal voluntary contraction; muscle contraction; muscle fatigue rate; muscular endurance; muscular strength recovery; muscular strength; MVC ID ENDURANCE CAPACITY; GENDER DIFFERENCES; SEX-DIFFERENCES; EXERCISE; CONTRACTIONS; RELAXATION; RESPONSES; FIBERS; TIME AB In previous gender comparisons of muscle performance, men and women rarely have been closely matched, absolute force has not been equalized, and rates of fatigue and early recovery have not been determined. We compared adductor pollicis muscle performance at a similar absolute force development in healthy men and women (both n = 9) matched for adductor pollicis maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force (132 +/- 5 N for women and 136 +/- 4 N for men, mean +/- SE, P > 0.05). Subjects repeated static contractions at a target force of approximate to 50% of MVC force of rested muscle (68 +/- 3 N or 51.9 +/- 1.0% MVC for women and 72 +/- 2 N or 53.0 +/- 2.0% MVC for men, P > 0.05) for 5 s followed by 5 s rest until exhaustion, i.e. inability to maintain the target force for 5 s. MVC force was measured following each minute of exercise, at exhaustion, and after each minute for 3 min of passive recovery. For women compared with men: MVC force fell less after 1 min of exercise (to 93 +/- 1% vs. 80 +/- 3% of MVC force of rested muscle, respectively, P < 0.05); MVC force (N min(-1)) fell approximate to 2-fold slower (P < 0.05); and endurance time to exhaustion was nearly two times longer (14.7 +/- 1.6 min vs. 7.9 +/- 0.7 min, P < 0.05). After declining to a similar level of MVC force of rested muscle at exhaustion (56 +/- 1% for women and 56 +/- 3% for men), MVC force rose faster in women than in men (to 71 +/- 2% vs. 65 +/- 3% of MVC force of rested muscle, respectively; P < 0.05) during the first minute of recovery. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that slower adductor pollicis muscle fatigue in women is linked with differences between men and women both in impairment of force generating capacity, per se, and in rates of recovery between contractions. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Boston Univ, Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Fulco, CS (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 32 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0001-6772 J9 ACTA PHYSIOL SCAND JI Acta Physiol. Scand. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 167 IS 3 BP 233 EP 239 PG 7 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 271YM UT WOS:000084622600007 PM 10606825 ER PT J AU Taylor, DC Brooks, DE Ryan, JB AF Taylor, DC Brooks, DE Ryan, JB TI Anabolic-androgenic steroid administration causes hypertrophy of immobilized and nonimmobilized skeletal muscle in a sedentary rabbit model SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BODY-COMPOSITION; LIMB IMMOBILIZATION; NORMAL MEN; TESTOSTERONE; STRENGTH; RATS; EXERCISE; GROWTH; 19-NORTESTOSTERONE; METHANDIENONE AB Although the use of anabolic agents in athletics has generated extensive publicity and controversy, the potential therapeutic benefits of these drugs have not been fully investigated. This randomized, blinded experimental study investigated whether short-term administration of an anabolic-androgenic steroid can limit immobilization-induced muscle atrophy in a rabbit model. We casted one hindlimb each in 48 New Zealand White rabbits and randomly assigned the rabbits to two groups. The treated group received weekly intramuscular injections of the anabolic-androgenic steroid, nandrolone decanoate (15 mg/kg). Immobilization significantly decreased muscle weights in both the treated rabbits and controls. Compared with controls, the body weights of the treated rabbits increased significantly at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. At 4 and 8 weeks, wet weights, dry weights, and contractile forces were significantly greater in both the casted and noncasted tibialis anterior muscle-tendon units of the treated group. Dry weights and casted contractile forces of the extensor digitorum longus muscle unit at 4 weeks and all measures at 8 weeks were greater in the treated rabbits than in controls. These results are contrary to previously accepted views that anabolic-androgenic steroid use leads to muscle hypertrophy only in conjunction with strength training. This study adds to the growing evidence that anabolic-androgenic steroids can produce significant skeletal muscle hypertrophy in sedentary populations. C1 Letterman Army Inst Res, Div Mil Trauma Res, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Mech Trauma Res Div, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Taylor, DC (reprint author), Kellar Army Community Hosp, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 78 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 27 IS 6 BP 718 EP 727 PG 10 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 256HF UT WOS:000083719300006 PM 10569356 ER PT J AU Warme, WJ Arciero, RA Savoie, FH Uhorchak, JM Walton, M AF Warme, WJ Arciero, RA Savoie, FH Uhorchak, JM Walton, M TI Nonabsorbable versus absorbable suture anchors for open Bankart repair - A prospective, randomized comparison SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PULL-OUT STRENGTH; FAILURE STRENGTH; ROTATOR CUFF; SOFT-TISSUE; IN-VIVO; SHOULDER; RECONSTRUCTION; FIXATION; INTERFERENCE; POPULATION AB Suture anchors facilitate the surgical repair of capsuloligamentous structures to bone. Bioabsorbable suture anchors, which obviate potential pitfalls in the periarticular use of permanent implants, have recently become available. We randomly assigned 40 patients to undergo modified Bankart shoulder repairs with either nonabsorbable or absorbable suture anchors. The patients had a history of recurrent traumatic anterior instability that had not improved with nonoperative management. The average patient age was 22 years (range, 17 to 46), and the average preoperative Rowe score was 47 points in the nonabsorbable anchor group and 47 points in the absorbable anchor group. Average postoperative Rowe scores were 96 and 93 points, respectively. There was one failed result in the nonabsorbable anchor group and two in the absorbable anchor group. No statistically significant subjective or objective differences were found at an average of 25 months postoperatively. Our results reveal that, in this application, bioabsorbable suture anchors are a viable option for the repair of soft tissue to bone. C1 Keller Army Community Hosp, W Point, NY USA. Mississippi Sports & Orthopaed Ctr, Jackson, MS USA. RP Warme, WJ (reprint author), William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, 5005 N Piedras St, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. NR 37 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 27 IS 6 BP 742 EP 746 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 256HF UT WOS:000083719300010 PM 10569360 ER PT J AU Walsh, DS Meyers, WM Krieg, RE Walsh, GP AF Walsh, DS Meyers, WM Krieg, RE Walsh, GP TI Transmission of Mycobacterium ulcerans to the nine-banded armadillo SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INFECTION BURULI ULCER; LEPROSY AB Animal models for Mycobacterium ulcerans infections (Buruli ulcer) include guinea pigs, rats, and mice, but each has limitations in replicating the spectrum of human disease. Here, 19 adult nine-banded armadillos were inoculated intradermally with M. ulcerans. Injection sites were examined and skin samples obtained for histologic and microbiology studies. Necropsies were conducted to assess systemic involvement. In group 1 (n = 4), 2 animals developed progressive skin ulcers with undermined borders at the injection sites within 6-10 weeks. Biopsies showed features similar to human disease including extensive necrosis in the deep dermis and subcutaneous fat, mixed cellular infiltrates, and acid-fast bacilli (AFB). In group 2 (n = 15), 5 animals developed progressive skin ulcers, 3 had evanescent papulo-nodules, 3 died shortly after inoculation of unknown causes, and 4 showed no signs of infection. Lesion samples from 3 animals with progressive ulcers were culture positive for AFB. Our findings indicate that nine-banded armadillos are susceptible to M, ulcerans and may develop cutaneous lesions that closely mimic Buruli ulcer. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Div Microbiol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Amer Leprosy Fdn, Leonard Wood Mem Ctr Leprosy Res, Cebu, Philippines. USA, Med Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol & Med, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Walsh, DS (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, APO, AP 96546 USA. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 61 IS 5 BP 694 EP 697 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 259LA UT WOS:000083894300003 PM 10586896 ER PT J AU Barr, DR Sherrill, ET AF Barr, DR Sherrill, ET TI Mean and variance of truncated normal distributions SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN LA English DT Article DE censored-sample estimators; full sample estimators AB Maximum likelihood estimators for the mean and variance of a truncated normal distribution, based on the entire sample from the original distribution, are developed. The estimators are compared with the sample mean and variance of the censored sample, considering only data remaining after truncation. The full- and censored-sample estimators are compared using simulation. It is seen that, surprisingly, the censored-sample estimators generally have smaller mean square error than have the full-sample estimators. C1 USA, Ft Benning, GA 31905 USA. NR 13 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0003-1305 J9 AM STAT JI Am. Stat. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 53 IS 4 BP 357 EP 361 DI 10.2307/2686057 PG 5 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 258LF UT WOS:000083840100012 ER PT J AU Fields-Jones, S Koletsky, A Wilding, G O'Rourke, M O'Rourke, T Eckardt, J Yates, B McGuirt, C Burris, HA AF Fields-Jones, S Koletsky, A Wilding, G O'Rourke, M O'Rourke, T Eckardt, J Yates, B McGuirt, C Burris, HA TI Improvements in clinical benefit with vinorelbine in the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer: A phase II trial SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clinical benefit; prostate cancer; vinorelbine ID PALLIATIVE END-POINTS; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; ORAL ETOPOSIDE; ESTRAMUSTINE; MITOXANTRONE; PREDNISONE; ANTIGEN AB Background: Clinical activity is difficult to assess by traditional response endpoints in patients with advanced prostate cancer. We used clinical benefit response to assess the activity of vinorelbine (Navelbine(R)) in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Patients and methods: Forty-nine men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer received vinorelbine weekly for eight weeks followed by every-other-week dosing. Clinical benefit response was defined by improvement in 1 of the following categories for at least 12 weeks and stable response or better in the other 2: pain index (analgesic consumption and pain intensity), Karnofsky performance status, and tumor status. Results: Of 37 evaluable patients, 14 (39%) achieved clinical benefit for a median duration of 6 months (range 3-24 months). Toxicities consisted primarily of brief neutropenia and mild nausea. Conclusion: These findings indicate that vinorelbine is well tolerated in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer and produces durable clinical benefit as defined by improvement in pain index and performance status. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Audie L Murphy Mem Vet Hosp, San Antonio, TX USA. JFK Comprehens Canc Ctr, Lake Worth, FL USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Madison, WI USA. Hematol & Oncol Associates PA, Greenville, SC USA. Glaxo Wellcome Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Burris, HA (reprint author), Sarah Cannon Canc Ctr, 250 25th Ave N,Suite 412, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. NR 11 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1307 EP 1310 DI 10.1023/A:1008315106697 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 278FZ UT WOS:000084979300011 PM 10631457 ER PT J AU McGrail, LH Sehn, LH Weiss, RB Robson, MR Antin, JH Byrd, JC AF McGrail, LH Sehn, LH Weiss, RB Robson, MR Antin, JH Byrd, JC TI Pancreatitis during therapy of acute myeloid leukemia: Cytarabine related? SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-10, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Soc Hematol, US Dept Vet Affairs Merit Res Funds, NIH DE acute myeloid leukemia; cytarabine; pancreatitis ID DOSE CYTOSINE-ARABINOSIDE; MANAGEMENT AB Background: Acute pancreatitis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been rarely associated with cytarabine therapy. This report attempts to characterize this toxicity. Patients and methods: Criteria for pancreatitis was prospectively defined. Seven patients with pancreatitis were identified from an AML database and a clinical study at two tertiary care centers (n = 134). Their records were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Seven patients with pancreatitis complicating AML therapy were identified. Median age was 36 (range 25-73) years. Median amylase was 184 (range 77-552) U/l and median lipase was 1026 (range 630-6087) U/l. The patients had received high dose bolus cytarabine (2 g/m(2) i.v. bolus every 12 hours; n = 2), and continuous infusion cytarabine followed by high-dose cytarabine (100 mg/m(2) i.v. CI days 1-7 then 2 g/m(2) i.v. bolus every 12 hours days 8-10; n = 2), or standard dose continuous infusion cytarabine (200 mg/m(2)/d; n = 3) prior to developing pancreatitis. Pancreatitis occurred at a median of 10 days following day one of cytarabine administration with resolution at a median of 11 days after initial diagnosis. Six patients did not suffer major complications. One patient died of causes unrelated to pancreatitis. Five of six patients was rechallenged and all remained free of pancreatitis. One patient subsequently did develop pancreatitis on a later rechallenge. Conclusions: Pancreatitis in the setting of AML therapy may be an infrequent and self-limited toxicity of cytarabine. A schedule dependent toxicity with cytarabine was not identified. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Dept Hematol Malignancies, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Byrd, JC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Ward 78, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1373 EP 1376 DI 10.1023/A:1008342320532 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 278FZ UT WOS:000084979300022 PM 10631468 ER PT J AU Hammond, CM Pierson, JF Grande, TP Munetz, MR Wilson, DR Pathak, DS AF Hammond, CM Pierson, JF Grande, TP Munetz, MR Wilson, DR Pathak, DS TI Economic evaluation of risperidone in an outpatient population SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE antipsychotic agents; risperidone; outpatients; economics ID CHRONIC-SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS; HEALTH-CARE RESOURCES; COST-BENEFITS; HALOPERIDOL; EFFICACY; SAFETY AB OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of risperidone use on the cost of services provided to severely mentally disabled outpatients and on hospital avoidance, and to analyze patterns in the use of concomitant medications as a surrogate marker of changes in adverse effects or patient well-being. METHODS: The patients were 31 clients of community mental health centers who had received risperidone for at least three months and for whom there were at least three months of available data on medication use and costs prior to risperidone treatment. The actual average monthly costs of community mental health services obtained from a county mental health board were compared with service costs prior to use of risperidone, using the patients as their own controls, and compared with a control group. RESULTS: Compared with the pre-risperidone period, the average cost per month of providing mental health services increased by 73.7% during the risperidone treatment period. Compared with the pre-risperidone period, the average total cost of treatment (including medications) increased by 113.3% during the risperidone treatment period. The average total cost of medication increased by 422.8% during the risperidone treatment period compared with the pre-risperidone treatment period. CONCLUSIONS: From the perspective of the community mental health board, risperidone treatment did not reduce the cost of services provided to these clients, but substantially and significantly increased total costs, including medication. C1 Ohio Mental Hlth, Pharm Serv Ctr, Columbus, OH 43223 USA. USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Human Use Review & Regulatory Affairs, Ft Detrick, MD USA. Drug Addict & Mental Hlth Serv Board, Cty Summit Alcohol, Akron, OH USA. Univ Cincinnati, Ohio Dept Mental Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. Ohio State Univ, Ctr HOPES, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Hammond, CM (reprint author), Ohio Mental Hlth, Pharm Serv Ctr, 2150 W Broad St, Columbus, OH 43223 USA. RI Pierson, Jean-Francois/C-9145-2013 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO PI CINCINNATI PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 USA SN 1060-0280 J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER JI Ann. Pharmacother. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1160 EP 1166 DI 10.1345/aph.18438 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 256HG UT WOS:000083719400003 PM 10573312 ER PT J AU Guerriere, CN Goff, BJ Cummings, GH Auber, AE AF Guerriere, CN Goff, BJ Cummings, GH Auber, AE TI An unusually large, solid tumor of the parotid gland SO ANNALS OF PLASTIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIENCE AB Of the parotid gland tumors, benign pleomorphic adenomas are the most commonly encountered. Although occurring relatively frequently in the general population, it is rare for the surgical community to encounter one that weighs more than a few ounces. The authors report a woman who avoided early surgical intervention and eventually presented with an extraordinarily large parotid grand tumor. This is the largest solid (without cystic change), benign pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland in the English medical literature, weighing 8.03 kg. C1 Univ Hlth Sci, Kansas City, MO USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Guerriere, CN (reprint author), 11212 N Dale Mabry,Suite 903, Tampa, FL 33618 USA. OI Goff, Brandon/0000-0002-5665-9395 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-7043 J9 ANN PLAS SURG JI Ann. Plast. Surg. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 43 IS 5 BP 529 EP 532 DI 10.1097/00000637-199911000-00011 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 253LD UT WOS:000083557300013 PM 10560870 ER PT J AU Pan, D Towe, E Kennerly, S AF Pan, D Towe, E Kennerly, S TI A five-period normal-incidence (In, Ga)As/GaAs quantum-dot infrared photodetector SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION; INGAAS AB We have measured the optical and electrical properties of a five-period normal-incidence (In, Ga)As/GaAs quantum-dot infrared photodetector. A primary intersubband transition peak is observed at the wavelength of 10.2 mu m and a secondary one at 9.4 mu m. Excellent electron transport and peak detectivity of 7x10(9) cm Hz(1/2)/W are achieved at 30 K, with a low bias responsivity of up to 70 mA/W at 0.6 V. We believe that an observed avalanche gain process is initiated by intersubband absorption in the quantum dots. The maximum responsivity due to this avalanche multiplication process is about 4 A/W at a bias of 1.0 V. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)04644-6]. C1 Univ Virginia, Lab Opt & Quantum Elect, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Pan, D (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Lab Opt & Quantum Elect, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 17 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 18 BP 2719 EP 2721 DI 10.1063/1.125127 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 248VB UT WOS:000083295500005 ER PT J AU Vick, DJ Goodman, ZD Ishak, KG AF Vick, DJ Goodman, ZD Ishak, KG TI Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a ciliated hepatic foregut cyst SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BRONCHOGENIC CYSTS AB Ciliated hepatic foregut cysts are rare congenital lesions derived from the embryologic foregut. They are considered benign, and a review of 64 published cases revealed no instances of malignant transformation. We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in a ciliated hepatic foregut cyst in a 51-year-old man. The tumor was found during a routine cholecystectomy and involved the adjacent mesentery and duodenal wall. There was histologic evidence of perineural and perivascular involvement. Despite an en bloc resection of the tumor and contiguous areas of gross involvement, the patient died 2 months later. Although aspiration of cyst contents is an accepted treatment for asymptomatic lesions, this case suggests that most ciliated hepatic foregut cysts should be excised, especially when radiologic studies yield equivocal results. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Hepat & Gastrointestinal Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Area Lab Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Vick, DJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 14 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 123 IS 11 BP 1115 EP 1117 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 253YD UT WOS:000083584000030 PM 10539920 ER PT J AU McDonough, JH McMonagle, J Copeland, T Zoeffel, D Shih, TM AF McDonough, JH McMonagle, J Copeland, T Zoeffel, D Shih, TM TI Comparative evaluation of benzodiazepines for control of soman-induced seizures SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE seizure; benzodiazepine; nerve agent; soman; anticonvulsant ID CONVULSIVE STATUS EPILEPTICUS; INTOXICATED RATS; TOKYO SUBWAY; DIAZEPAM; BRAIN; SARIN; EFFICACY; NEUROPATHOLOGY; MECHANISMS; COMPOUND AB This study evaluated the ability of six benzodiazepines to stop seizures produced by exposure to the nerve agent soman. Guinea pigs, previously prepared with electrodes to record electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, were pretreated with pyridostigmine (0.026 mg/kg, i.m.) 30 min before challenge with soman (56 mu g/kg, s.c.) and then treated 1 min after soman exposure with atropine (2.0 mg/kg, i.m.) and pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM Cl; 25 mg/kg, i.m.). All animals developed seizures following this treatment. Benzodiazepines (avizafone, clonazepam, diazepam, loprazolam, lorazepam, and midazolam) were given i.m. 5 or 40 min after seizure onset. All benzodiazepines were effective in stopping soman-induced seizures, but there were marked differences between drugs in the rapidity of seizure control. The 50% effective dose (ED50) values and latencies for anticonvulsant effect for a given benzodiazepine were the same at the two times of treatment delay. Midazolam was the most potent and rapidly acting compound at both treatment times. Since rapid seizure control minimizes the chance of brain damage, use of midazolam as an anticonvulsant may lead to improved clinical outcome in the treatment of nerve agent seizures. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP McDonough, JH (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 38 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-5761 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 73 IS 8-9 BP 473 EP 478 DI 10.1007/s002040050637 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 267CD UT WOS:000084336200010 PM 10650919 ER PT J AU Daniels, JT Davis, BJ Houde-McGrail, L Byrd, JC AF Daniels, JT Davis, BJ Houde-McGrail, L Byrd, JC TI Clonal selection of CD56(+) t(8;21) AML blasts: further suggestion of the adverse clinical significance of this biological marker SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CD56; neural cell adhesion molecule; acute mylogenous leukaemia; clonal selection; chromosomal translocation ID MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE; ACUTE MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; ACUTE MYELOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; IMMUNOLOGICAL DETECTION; REMISSION DURATION; T(8-21)(Q22-Q22); SURVIVAL AB Although patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) and t(8;21)(q22;q22) have a favourable prognosis, a subset die despite receiving appropriate treatment. Recent reports suggest that expression of the CD56 antigen might predict for both extramedullary disease and poor outcome in these patients. We describe a patient who presented with CD56-negative t(8;21) AML who achieved a complete remission and was subsequently treated with three consolidative courses of high-dose cytarabine therapy. She relapsed 9 months later with extramedullary and bone marrow involvement of CD56-positive t(8;21) AML. This case demonstrates clonal evolution and provides further support that blast expression of CD56 might be an unfavourable prognostic factor in t(8;21) AML. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Div Hematol Malignancies, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Byrd, JC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Ward 78, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-1048 J9 BRIT J HAEMATOL JI Br. J. Haematol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 107 IS 2 BP 381 EP 383 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01711.x PG 3 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 256AV UT WOS:000083703200024 PM 10583228 ER PT J AU Spradlin, GS AF Spradlin, GS TI A singularly perturbed elliptic partial differential equation with an almost periodic term SO CALCULUS OF VARIATIONS AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR SCHRODINGER-EQUATIONS; PRINCIPLE; SYSTEMS C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Spradlin, GS (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0944-2669 J9 CALC VAR PARTIAL DIF JI Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 9 IS 3 BP 207 EP 232 DI 10.1007/s005260050138 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 261CA UT WOS:000083989200002 ER PT J AU Spradlin, GS AF Spradlin, GS TI An elliptic partial differential equation with a symmetrical almost periodic term SO CALCULUS OF VARIATIONS AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR SCHRODINGER-EQUATIONS C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Spradlin, GS (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0944-2669 J9 CALC VAR PARTIAL DIF JI Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 9 IS 3 BP 233 EP 247 DI 10.1007/s005260050139 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 261CA UT WOS:000083989200003 ER PT J AU Rinaldi, DA Kuhn, JG Burris, HA Dorr, FA Rodriguez, G Eckhardt, SG Jones, S Woodworth, JR Baker, S Langley, C Mascorro, D Abrahams, T Von Hoff, DD AF Rinaldi, DA Kuhn, JG Burris, HA Dorr, FA Rodriguez, G Eckhardt, SG Jones, S Woodworth, JR Baker, S Langley, C Mascorro, D Abrahams, T Von Hoff, DD TI A phase I evaluation of multitargeted antifolate (MTA, LY231514), administered every 21 days, utilizing the modified continual reassessment method for dose escalation SO CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multitargeted; antifolate; MTA; LY231514 ID CLINICAL-TRIALS; DESIGN AB Purpose: To determine toxicities, maximally tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetic profile, and potential antitumor activity of MTA, a novel antifolate compound which inhibits the enzymes thymidylate synthase (TS), glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT), and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Methods: Patients with advanced solid tumors were given MTA intravenously over 10 min every 21 days. Dose escalation was based on the modified continual reassessment method (MCRM), with one patient treated at each minimally toxic dose level. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed in all patients. Results: A total of 37 patients (27 males, 10 females, median age 59 years, median performance status 90%) were treated with 132 courses at nine dose levels, ranging from 50 to 700 mg/m(2). The MTD of MTA was 600 mg/m(2), with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, and cumulative fatigue as the dose-limiting toxicities. Hematologic toxicity correlated with renal function and mild reversible renal dysfunction was observed in multiple patients. Other nonhematologic toxicities observed included mild to moderate fatigue, anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, mucositis, rash, and reversible hepatic transaminase elevations. Three patients expired due to drug-related complications. Pharmacokinetic analysis during the first course of treatment at the 600 mg/m(2) dose level demonstrated a mean harmonic half-life, maximum plasma concentration (Cpmax), clearance (CL), area under the curve (AUC), and apparent volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) of 3.08 h, 137 mu g/ml, 40.0 ml/min per m(2), 266 mu g.h/ml, and 7.0 l/m(2), respectively. An average of 78% of the compound was excreted unchanged in the urine. Partial responses were achieved in two patients with advanced pancreatic cancer and in two patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Minor responses were obtained in six patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Conclusions: The MTD and dose for phase II clinical trials of MTA when administered intravenously over 10 min every 21 days was 600 mg/m(2). MTA is a promising new anticancer agent. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. RP Rinaldi, DA (reprint author), 501 W St Mary Blvd,Suite 200, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P30-CA-54174] NR 18 TC 124 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0344-5704 J9 CANCER CHEMOTH PHARM JI Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 44 IS 5 BP 372 EP 380 DI 10.1007/s002800050992 PG 9 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 241WG UT WOS:000082906400004 PM 10501910 ER PT J AU He, JA Valluzzi, R Yang, K Dolukhanyan, T Sung, CM Kumar, J Tripathy, SK Samuelson, L Balogh, L Tomalia, DA AF He, JA Valluzzi, R Yang, K Dolukhanyan, T Sung, CM Kumar, J Tripathy, SK Samuelson, L Balogh, L Tomalia, DA TI Electrostatic multilayer deposition of a gold-dendrimer nanocomposite SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BY-LAYER ADSORPTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; STARBURST DENDRIMERS; COLLOID MONOLAYERS; SUPERLATTICE FILMS; MOLECULAR FILMS; THIN-FILMS; NANOPARTICLES; SURFACES AB Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers can be used as a polymeric template/stabilizer/reservoir to prepare stable gold-dendrimer nanocomposites by reducing PAMAM-tetrachloroaurate polysalts using hydrazine. In the gold-dendrimer nanocomposite, the presence of elemental gold is indicated by its characteristic plasmon absorption peak at 529 nm in aqueous solution and is visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). Electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly of the gold-dendrimer nanocomposite using poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) as the oppositely charged polyelectrolyte leading to nanoscale uniform multilayers of gold-dendrimer nanoclusters is reported. UV-vis absorption spectra from the consecutive multilayers indicated that each bilayer growth is regular, even though a 20 nm absorption bathochromic shift takes place in the film. TEM of PSS/gold-dendrimer nanocomposite film demonstrates that gold nanoparticles (5-20 nm) appear as aggregates within a gold-dendrimer nanocomposite monolayer, an observation borne out by crystalline gold electron diffraction patterns obtained from PSS/gold-dendrimer nanocomposite. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) of PSS/gold-dendrimer nanocomposite film indicates that the nanoclusters are arrayed with high uniformity at the nanometer scale. C1 Univ Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Michigan Mol Inst, Midland, MI 48640 USA. RP Tripathy, SK (reprint author), Univ Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. OI Balogh, Lajos/0000-0002-3115-0787 NR 43 TC 177 Z9 180 U1 1 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 11 IS 11 BP 3268 EP 3274 DI 10.1021/cm990311c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 257HG UT WOS:000083776000043 ER PT J AU Best, EPH Sprecher, SL Larson, SL Fredrickson, HL Bader, DF AF Best, EPH Sprecher, SL Larson, SL Fredrickson, HL Bader, DF TI Environmental behavior of explosives in groundwater from the Milan Army Ammunition Plant in aquatic and wetland plant treatments. Uptake and fate of TNT and RDX in plants. SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article AB Uptake and fate of TNT and RDX by three aquatic and four wetland plants were studied using hydroponic, batch, incubations in explosives-contaminated groundwater amended with [U-C-14]-TNT or [U-C-14]-RDX in the laboratory. Substrates in which the plants were rooted were also tested. Plants and substrates were collected from a small-scale wetland constructed for explosives removal, and groundwater originated from a local aquifer at the Milan Army Ammunition Plant. This study demonstrated rapid uptake of [U-C-14]-TNT derived C-14, concentration at the uptake sites and limited transport in all plants. Per unit of mass, uptake was higher in submersed than in emergent species. Biotransformation of TNT had occurred in all plant treatments after 7-day incubation in 1.6 to 3.4 mg TNT L-1, with labeled amino-dinitrotoluenes (ADNTs), three unidentified compounds unique for plants, and mostly polar products as results. Biotransformation occurred also in the substrates, yielding labeled ADNT, one unidentified compound unique for substrates, and polar products. TNT was not recovered by HPLC in plants and substrates after incubation. Uptake of [U-C-14]-RDX derived C-14 in plants was slower than that of TNT, transport was substantial, and concentration occurred at sites where new plant material was synthesized. As for TNT, uptake per unit of mass was higher in submersed than in emergent species. Biotransformation of RDX had occurred in all plant treatments after 13-day incubation in 1.5 mg RDX L-1, with one unidentified compound unique for plants, and mostly polar products as results. Biotransformation had occurred also in the substrates, but to a far lower extent than in plants. Substrates and plants had one unidentified C-14-RDX metabolite in common. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of RDX in most plants and in three out of four substrates at the end of the incubation period. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Amer Sci Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Ctr Environm, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Best, EPH (reprint author), Amer Sci Int Corp, 1365 Beverly Rd, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. NR 12 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 12 BP 2057 EP 2072 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00117-4 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 241UC UT WOS:000082900100007 PM 10576106 ER PT J AU Helwig, L Katzenberger, G Stensby, D AF Helwig, L Katzenberger, G Stensby, D TI Safe passage SO CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Portland, OR USA. INCA Engineers Inc, Bellevue, WA USA. RP Helwig, L (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Portland, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0885-7024 J9 CIVIL ENG JI Civil Eng. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 69 IS 11 BP 62 EP 65 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 251XK UT WOS:000083471500033 ER PT J AU Lettenmaier, DP Wood, AW Palmer, RN Wood, EF Stakhiv, EZ AF Lettenmaier, DP Wood, AW Palmer, RN Wood, EF Stakhiv, EZ TI Water resources implications of global warming: A US regional perspective SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; INCREASING CARBON-DIOXIDE; TRANSIENT RESPONSES; GRADUAL CHANGES; CLIMATE; CO2 AB The implications of global warming for the performance of six U.S. water resource systems are evaluated. The six case study sites represent a range of geographic and hydrologic, as well as institutional and social settings. Large, multi-reservoir systems (Columbia River, Missouri River, Apalachicola-Chatahoochee-Flint (ACF) Rivers), small, one or two reservoir systems (Tacoma and Boston) and medium size systems (Savannah River) are represented. The river basins range from mountainous to low relief and semi-humid to semi-arid, and the system operational purposes range from predominantly municipal to broadly multi-purpose. The studies inferred, using a chain of climate downscaling, hydrologic and water resources systems models, the sensitivity of six water resources systems to changes in precipitation, temperature and solar radiation. The climate change scenarios used in this study are based on results from transient climate change experiments performed with coupled ocean-atmosphere General Circulation Models (GCMs) for the 1995 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment. An earlier doubled-CO2 scenario from one of the GCMs was also used in the evaluation. The GCM scenarios were transferred to the local level using a simple downscaling approach that scales local weather variables by fixed monthly ratios (for precipitation) and fixed monthly shifts (for temperature). For those river basins where snow plays an important role in the current climate hydrology (Tacoma, Columbia, Missouri and, to a lesser extent, Boston) changes in temperature result in important changes in seasonal streamflow hydrographs. In these systems, spring snowmelt peaks are reduced and winter flows increase, on average. Changes in precipitation are generally reflected in the annual total runoff volumes more than in the seasonal shape of the hydrographs. In the Savannah and ACF systems, where snow plays a minor hydrological role, changes in hydrological response are linked more directly to temperature and precipitation changes. Effects on system performance varied from system to system, from GCM to GCM, and for each system operating objective (such as hydropower production, municipal and industrial supply, flood control, recreation, navigation and instream flow protection). Effects were generally smaller for the transient scenarios than for the doubled CO2 scenario. In terms of streamflow, one of the transient scenarios tended to have increases at most sites, while another tended to have decreases at most sites. The third showed no general consistency over the six sites. Generally, the water resource system performance effects were determined by the hydrologic changes and the amount of buffering provided by the system's storage capacity. The effects of demand growth and other plausible future operational considerations were evaluated as well. For most sites, the effects of these non-climatic effects on future system performance would about equal or exceed the effects of climate change over system planning horizons. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Civil Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Dept Civil Engn & Operat Res, Princeton, NJ USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Lettenmaier, DP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Palmer, Richard/K-4432-2013; Wood, Andrew/L-5133-2013; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011; OI Palmer, Richard/0000-0002-7338-0468; Wood, Andrew/0000-0002-6231-0085; lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327; Wood, Eric/0000-0001-7037-9675 NR 40 TC 151 Z9 154 U1 2 U2 38 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD NOV PY 1999 VL 43 IS 3 BP 537 EP 579 DI 10.1023/A:1005448007910 PG 43 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 237PW UT WOS:000082666100003 ER PT J AU Villalona-Calero, MA Petit, T Kuhn, J Cobb, P Kraynak, M Eckhardt, SG Drengler, R Simmons, C Santabarbara, P Von Hoff, DD Rowinsky, EK AF Villalona-Calero, MA Petit, T Kuhn, J Cobb, P Kraynak, M Eckhardt, SG Drengler, R Simmons, C Santabarbara, P Von Hoff, DD Rowinsky, EK TI A phase I and pharmacological study of protracted infusions of crisnatol mesylate in patients with solid malignancies SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY MAY 14-19, 1998 CL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol ID ARYLMETHYLAMINOPROPANEDIOLS AMAP; GLIOMA; PACLITAXEL; THROMBOSIS; MURINE AB This Phase I and pharmacological study was performed to assess the feasibility of administering the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon crisnatol in increasingly prolonged continuous i.v. infusions to patients with advanced solid malignancies. The study also sought to characterize the principal toxicities of crisnatol on this schedule, to recommend doses for subsequent disease-directed studies, and to characterize possible associations between pharmacological parameters and toxicity. Sixteen patients were treated with 40 courses of crisnatol administered as a continuous i.v. infusion. The initial dose-schedule was 750 mg/m(2)/day for 6 days, and the duration of the infusion was to he progressively increased by 3-day increments to 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21. Courses were to be repeated every 4 weeks. Moderate to severe central nervous system (CNS) toxicity precluded the administration of crisnatol 750 mg/m(2)/day for longer than 6 days, and, therefore, the dose of crisnatol was reduced to 600 mg/m(2)/day. At this dose, three of five patients receiving a 12-day infusion experienced dose-limiting toxicity, which consisted of pulmonary thromboembolism (two patients) and grade 4 thrombocytopenia (one patient). None of the six patients completing a 9-day infusion at 600 mg/m(2)/day developed dose-limiting toxicity during the first or second course of crisnatol. At this dose level, the plasma concentrations at steady state (C-ss) averaged 1607.8 +/- 261.1 ng/ml, which exceeds minimal inhibitory concentrations for most tumors in vitro (1000 ng/ml). In fact, the administration of crisnatol at a dose of 600 mg/m(2)/day for 9 days resulted in the longest duration that biologically relevant plasma crisnatol concentrations have been sustained. Plasma C-ss values were significantly higher in patients who experienced severe CNS toxicity compared,vith those who did not (2465.3 +/- 1213.5 versus 1342 +/- 447.3 ng/ml; P = 0.04). There were no relationships evident between the clearance of crisnatol and indices reflecting renal and hepatic functions. One patient with a glioblastoma multiforme experienced a partial response lasting 14 months. The relative lack of intolerable CNS toxicity at the recommended dose for Phase II studies of crisnatol, 600 mg/m(2)/day for 9 days, as well as the magnitude of the C-ss values achieved and the antitumor activity observed at this dose, are encouraging. However, the mechanisms for the apparently increased thrombogenicity observed in this trial are unclear and require further elucidation. C1 Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Ilex Oncol Inc, San Antonio, TX 78230 USA. RP Villalona-Calero, MA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Div Hematol Oncol, B406 Starling Loving Hall,320 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA54174]; NCRR NIH HHS [MO1 RR01346] NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 5 IS 11 BP 3369 EP 3378 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 258RP UT WOS:000083853200007 PM 10589747 ER PT J AU Marion, GM Farren, RE Komrowski, AJ AF Marion, GM Farren, RE Komrowski, AJ TI Alternative pathways for seawater freezing SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE seawater freezing; chemical thermodynamic model; gypsum precipitation ID 25-DEGREES-C; TEMPERATURES; SYSTEM AB Seawater is the most abundant aqueous solution on Earth. Nevertheless, controversy exists with respect to the pathway for seawater freezing. The "Ringer-Nelson-Thompson pathway'' is the current paradigm for seawater freezing; along this pathway, calcium precipitates as antarcticite (CaCl2. 6H(2)O), and the eutectic temperature is -54 degrees C, Along the "Gitterman pathway" for seawater freezing, calcium precipitates as gypsum (CaSO4. 2H(2)O), and the eutectic temperature is -36 degrees C. Recently, we estimated the solubility product for gypsum at subzero temperatures, which allows us to theoretically examine the alternative pathways for thermodynamic stability. When seawater freezing is simulated, mirabilite (Na2SO4. 10H(2)O) begins precipitating at -6.3 degrees C and is the dominant sink for sulfate. But contrary to some experimental evidence, the model also predicts the precipitation of gypsum, which begins at -22.2 degrees C. The model predictions for soluble calcium and sulfate closely follow the Gitterman pathway and culminates in an eutectic temperature of -36.2 degrees C. Experimental evidence is presented that demonstrates that gypsum can precipitate spontaneously during seawater freezing. Differences in experimental protocols explain the contradictory experimental evidence. The theoretical model and experimental evidence argue in favor of the Gitterman pathway as the thermodynamically stable pathway for seawater freezing. The metastable Ringer-Nelson-Thompson pathway is attributable to slow kinetics and fractional crystallization during the freezing process. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Lockheed Martin, Moorestown, NJ USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Marion, GM (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 15 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 29 IS 3 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1016/S0165-232X(99)00033-6 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 270HZ UT WOS:000084531000005 ER PT J AU Famini, GR Benyamin, D Kim, C Veerawat, R Wilson, LY AF Famini, GR Benyamin, D Kim, C Veerawat, R Wilson, LY TI Computational parameters in correlation analysis: Gas-water distribution coefficient SO COLLECTION OF CZECHOSLOVAK CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE correlation analysis; QSAR; QSPR; LSER; LFER; distribution coefficient; Henry's law; molecular modeling ID SOLVATION ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS; THEORETICAL DESCRIPTORS; SOLUBILITY; PARTITION; INDEXES; ACIDITY; QSPR AB Theoretical linear solvation energy relationships (TLSER) combine computational molecular parameters with the linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) of Kamlet and Taft to characterize and predict properties of compounds. This paper examines the correlation of the gas-water equilibrium constant for 423 compounds with the TLSER parameters. Also, it describes new parameters designed to improve the TLSER information content. C1 USA, Soldier & Biol & Chem Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. La Sierra Univ, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92515 USA. RP Wilson, LY (reprint author), USA, Soldier & Biol & Chem Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU INST ORGANIC CHEM AND BIOCHEM PI PRAGUE 6 PA ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC, FLEMINGOVO NAM 2, PRAGUE 6 166 10, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0010-0765 J9 COLLECT CZECH CHEM C JI Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 64 IS 11 BP 1727 EP 1747 DI 10.1135/cccc19991727 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 275UG UT WOS:000084838100001 ER PT J AU Osswald, SS Keller, RA Elston, DM AF Osswald, SS Keller, RA Elston, DM TI What is your diagnosis? Amelanotic melanoma SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID LENTIGO-MALIGNA MELANOMA C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Osswald, SS (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD NOV PY 1999 VL 64 IS 5 BP 302 EP + PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 257HY UT WOS:000083777500002 PM 10582151 ER PT J AU Wong, PWK Kadakia, SC McBiles, M AF Wong, PWK Kadakia, SC McBiles, M TI Acute effect of nicotine patch on gastric emptying of liquid and solid contents in healthy subjects SO DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE nicotine; nicotine patch; gastrointestinal motility; gastric emptying; smoking; tobacco ID LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; SMOKERS; ALCOHOL AB The effect of nicotine on gastric emptying remains controversial. Gastric emptying is delayed in chronic smokers after smoking high-dose nicotine cigarettes, but it is unchanged after chewing nicotine gums. No information is available on the effect of transdermal nicotine patches on the gastric emptying of solid and liquid contents in healthy nonsmokers. Our objective was to prospectively evaluate the effect of the nicotine patch on gastric emptying of liquid and solid contents in healthy nonsmokers. Ten healthy nonsmoking volunteers underwent a baseline dual-isotope gastric scintigraphy with [In-111]-diethylenetriaminepantaacetic acid (DTPA) and [99(m)Tc]sulfur colloid isotopes to evaluate prospectively the gastric emptying of liquid and solid contents, respectively. The gastric scintigraphy was repeated after placing a transdermal nicotine patch (Habitrol) for 12 hr designed to deliver 14 mg of nicotine per day. Plasma nicotine level was measured prior to baseline gastric scintigraphy and after 12 hr placing the nicotine patch. Plasma nicotine was absent in all subjects at baseline and but was significantly elevated after 12 hr of nicotine patch (P < 0.009). The mean half-emptying times (T1/2) for the gastric emptying of liquids before and after nicotine patch placement were 31.2 +/- 23.3 and 25.6 +/- 8.4 min, respectively (P = 0.498). The mean T1/2s for the gastric emptying of solids before and after nicotine patch placement were 70.1 +/- 34.0 and 59.7 +/- 31.4 min, respectively (P = 0.202). There was no correlation between the plasma nicotine level and gastric emptying of liquid and solid contents (correlation coefficient = -0.23 and -0.01, respectively). In conclusion, acute transdermal delivery of nicotine does not affect the gastric emptying of solid and liquid contents in healthy nonsmoking subjects. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Gastroenterol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Nucl Med Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Wong, PWK (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Gastroenterol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0163-2116 J9 DIGEST DIS SCI JI Dig. Dis. Sci. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 44 IS 11 BP 2165 EP 2171 DI 10.1023/A:1026680031346 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 255RC UT WOS:000083683100002 PM 10573358 ER PT J AU Arft, AM Walker, MD Gurevitch, J Alatalo, JM Bret-Harte, MS Dale, M Diemer, M Gugerli, F Henry, GHR Jones, MH Hollister, RD Jonsdottir, IS Laine, K Levesque, E Marion, GM Molau, U Molgaard, P Nordenhall, U Raszhivin, V Robinson, CH Starr, G Stenstrom, A Stenstrom, M Totland, O Turner, PL Walker, LJ Webber, PJ Welker, JM Wookey, PA AF Arft, AM Walker, MD Gurevitch, J Alatalo, JM Bret-Harte, MS Dale, M Diemer, M Gugerli, F Henry, GHR Jones, MH Hollister, RD Jonsdottir, IS Laine, K Levesque, E Marion, GM Molau, U Molgaard, P Nordenhall, U Raszhivin, V Robinson, CH Starr, G Stenstrom, A Stenstrom, M Totland, O Turner, PL Walker, LJ Webber, PJ Welker, JM Wookey, PA TI Responses of tundra plants to experimental warming: Meta-analysis of the international tundra experiment SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE arctic tundra; experimental warming; global change; global warming; International Tundra Experiment; ITEX; meta-analysis; plant response patterns; spatiotemporal gradients; tundra plants ID SIMULATED ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; ARCTIC POLAR SEMIDESERT; BROOKS-RANGE-FOOTHILLS; GROWTH-RESPONSES; TUSSOCK TUNDRA; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; ERIOPHORUM-VAGINATUM; POLYGONUM-VIVIPARUM; DIFFERENTIAL GROWTH AB The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) is a collaborative, multisite experiment using a common temperature manipulation to examine variability in species response across climatic and geographic gradients of tundra ecosystems. ITEX was designed specifically to examine variability in arctic and alpine species response to increased temperature. We compiled from one to four years of experimental data from 13 different ITEX sites and used meta-analysis to analyze responses of plant phenology, growth, and reproduction to experimental warming. Results indicate that key phenological events such as leaf bud burst and flowering occurred earlier in warmed plots throughout the study period; however, there was little impact on growth cessation at the end of the season. Quantitative measures of vegetative growth were greatest in warmed plots in the early years of the experiment, whereas reproductive effort and success increased in later years. A shift away from vegetative growth and toward reproductive effort and success in the fourth treatment year suggests a shift from the initial response to a secondary response. The change in vegetative response may be due to depletion of stored plant reserves, whereas the lag in reproductive response may be due to the formation of flower buds one to several seasons prior to flowering. Both vegetative and reproductive responses varied among life-forms; herbaceous forms had stronger and more consistent vegetative growth responses than did woody forms. The greater responsiveness of the herbaceous forms may be attributed to their more flexible morphology and to their relatively greater proportion of stored plant reserves. Finally, warmer, low arctic sites produced the strongest growth responses, but colder sites produced a greater reproductive response. Greater resource investment in vegetative growth may be a conservative strategy in the Low Arctic, where there is more competition for light, nutrients, or water, and there may be little opportunity for successful germination or seedling development. In contrast, in the High Arctic, heavy investment in producing seed under a higher temperature scenario may provide an opportunity for species to colonize patches of unvegetated ground. The observed differential response to warming suggests that the primary forces driving the response vary across climatic zones, functional groups, and through time. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Bot, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Sci Biol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. Univ Basel, Inst Bot, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Univ Zurich, Inst Syst Bot, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Oulu Univ, FIN-90571 Oulu, Finland. Univ Quebec Trois Rivieres, Dept Chim Biol, Trois Rivieres, PQ G9A 5H7, Canada. Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Royal Danish Sch Pharm, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. VL Komarov Bot Inst, Dept Geobot, RU-197022 St Petersburg, Russia. Kings Coll London, Div Life Sci, London W8 7AH, England. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Bergen, Inst Bot, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Wyoming, Dept Rangeland Ecol, Russellville, AR 72801 USA. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Dept Geog, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. RP Walker, MD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Gugerli, Felix/C-9369-2009; Welker, Jeffrey/C-9493-2013; OI Gugerli, Felix/0000-0003-3878-1845; Alatalo, Juha/0000-0001-5084-850X NR 95 TC 476 Z9 526 U1 30 U2 303 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 69 IS 4 BP 491 EP 511 DI 10.1890/0012-9615(1999)069[0491:ROTPTE]2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 254ER UT WOS:000083599400004 ER PT J AU McNeill, KM Hendrix, RM Lindner, JL Benton, FR Monteith, SC Tuchscherer, MA Gray, GC Gaydos, JC AF McNeill, KM Hendrix, RM Lindner, JL Benton, FR Monteith, SC Tuchscherer, MA Gray, GC Gaydos, JC TI Large, persistent epidemic of adenovirus type 4-associated acute respiratory disease in US army trainees SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB In May 1997, a large, persistent epidemic of adenovirus type 4-associated acute respiratory disease began at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, the largest army basic training center. The epidemic lasted until December and declined when vaccine administration resumed. More than 1,000 male and female trainees were hospitalized; 66.1% of those hospitalized had an adenovirus type 4 isolate. C1 Dwight David Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Med, Columbia, SC USA. Moncrief Army Community Hosp, Ft Jackson, SC USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. US Dept Def, Global Emerging Infect Syst, Washington, DC 20305 USA. RP McNeill, KM (reprint author), Catawba Hlth Dist, POB 817, Lancaster, SC 29721 USA. NR 6 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 6 BP 798 EP 801 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 268HK UT WOS:000084408100009 PM 10603214 ER PT J AU Rogers, CJ AF Rogers, CJ TI A continuation of the 'Manuel d'histoire de Philippe VI' for the years 1328-39 SO ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Rogers, CJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0013-8266 J9 ENGL HIST REV JI Engl. Hist. Rev. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 114 IS 459 BP 1256 EP 1266 DI 10.1093/ehr/114.459.1256 PG 11 WC History SC History GA 261RN UT WOS:000084022900006 ER PT J AU Barbiero, RP James, WF Barko, JW AF Barbiero, RP James, WF Barko, JW TI The effects of disturbance events on phytoplankton community structure in a small temperate reservoir SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytoplankton succession; species richness; Connell's IDH; reservoir ID SHALLOW LAKE BALATON; SEASONAL SUCCESSION; DIVERSITY; HUNGARY; COMPETITION; HYPOTHESIS; DYNAMICS; PLANKTON; CULTURES; ECOLOGY AB 1 The effects of disturbances, in the form of storm events, on phytoplankton community structure were examined over the course of four years in Eau Galle Reservoir, Wisconsin, USA. 2 Disturbances consistently brought about significant, but highly transient, increases in apparent phytoplankton species richness. It is likely that these resulted from temporary increases in the biomass of previously undetected rare species. 3 Substantial shifts in community dominance were confined to large, early season events, and were seldom long-lived. Later 'climax' communities were highly resistant to any changes in dominance, even when increases in species richness occurred. 4 Regardless of when they occurred, disturbances tended to favour species from a narrow range of the successional sequence. C1 Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Dept Bot, Galway, Ireland. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Eau Galle Aquat Ecol Lab, Spring Valley, WI 54767 USA. RP Barbiero, RP (reprint author), Grace Analyt Labs, 536 S Clark St, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 42 IS 3 BP 503 EP 512 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.1999.00491.x PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 258MX UT WOS:000083843900009 ER PT J AU Nycum, LR Farley, JH Reed, ME Taylor, RR AF Nycum, LR Farley, JH Reed, ME Taylor, RR TI Recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the Bartholin's duct treated with en bloc resection SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Society-of-Air-Force-Clinical-Surgeons CY APR 07, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Soc Air Force Clin Surgeons DE Bartholin's gland carcinoma; en bloc resection; chemotherapy; radiation; surgery; recurrence ID ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA; PELVIC EXENTERATION; VULVAR CANCER; GLAND AB Bartholin's gland carcinomas are a rare entity. A case of a recurrent Bartholin's gland carcinoma is described. These neoplasms have a myriad of treatment options for primary therapy but there is a paucity of information regarding treatment for a lethal recurrence. The patient's primary therapy consisted of an initial wide local excision followed by radiation therapy with chemosensitization. She was disease-free for 2 years before her recurrence. A novel treatment approach incorporating a multidisciplinary en bloc radical surgery is described. The patient is alive and well without evidence of disease at 22 months. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Nycum, LR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 75 IS 2 BP 282 EP 284 DI 10.1006/gyno.1999.5464 PG 3 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 255FX UT WOS:000083659800018 PM 10525387 ER PT J AU Boylen, CW Eichler, LW Madsen, JD AF Boylen, CW Eichler, LW Madsen, JD TI Loss of native aquatic plant species in a community dominated by Eurasian watermilfoil SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE milfoil; Myriophyllum spicatum; aquatic plant communities; exotic species; invasive species; submersed aquatic macrophytes ID MYRIOPHYLLUM-SPICATUM AB Ecological evaluation of the impact of an exotic species upon native plant species is frequently a combination of historical data prior to introduction and after full establishment with little observation in between. The introduction of Myriophyllum spicatum L. (Eurasian watermilfoil) into Lake George, New York, U.S.A. was first noted in 1985. In 1987, a few newly established plants were allowed to grow unimpeded by human management to document the rate of colonization of this species into a new habitat with its ultimate dominance over, and systematic elimination of, native species. This changing community has been closely monitored over the past decade. Initially a 6 m(2) grid system composed of 144 0.5 m(2) plots with four radiating transect lines was laid out with the isolated M. spicatum plants as the center. The site was revisited between 1987 and 1997 to mark the extent of the developing M. spicatum bed and its effect on the composition of the native plant community. Since 1987, the area of dense growth has expanded in all directions, impeded only where some physical barrier, such as upper or lower water depth limits or sediment type curtailed its growth. Concurrently, with this expansion, a decline in species richness and abundance of native species was observed. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Darrin Fresh Water Inst, Troy, NY 12181 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Boylen, CW (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Darrin Fresh Water Inst, Troy, NY 12181 USA. NR 10 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 6 U2 42 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD NOV PY 1999 VL 415 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.1023/A:1003804612998 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 278ZQ UT WOS:000085019200029 ER PT J AU Shah, PB Jones, KA AF Shah, PB Jones, KA TI Simulated turn-off of 4H-SiC gate turn-off thyristors with gate electrodes on the p-base or the n-base SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE power conditioning; switching transients; thyristors AB Turn-off simulations of a 4H-SiC GTO thyristor structure having a gated p-base and p-type substrate are compared with that having a gated n-base and n-type substrate. Two gate drive circuits are considered, one with a voltage source and resistor between the gate and adjacent emitter region, and the other with a voltage source and resistor between the gate and farthest emitter region. The gated n-base thyristor's substrate current increases atypically before the device turns off. Also, the gated n-base structure turns off when the gate circuit is connected directly to the emitter region furthest from the gate region, but the gated p-base structure does not. Furthermore, turn-off gain is lower for the gated n-base structure due to mobility differences as demonstrated by current-voltage (I-V) and current versus time (I-t) curves. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE RL, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shah, PB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE RL, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 20 IS 11 BP 577 EP 579 DI 10.1109/55.798049 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 251EM UT WOS:000083431700012 ER PT J AU Jiang, XD Li, SS Tidrow, MZ AF Jiang, XD Li, SS Tidrow, MZ TI Investigation of a multistack voltage-tunable four-color quantum-well infrared photodetector for mid- and long-wavelength infrared detection SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE dark current; detectivity; dynamic impedance; four-color; four-stack; long-wavelength infrared (LWIR); mid-wavelength-infrared (MWIR); quantum-well infrared photodetector (QWIP); responsivity; temperature effect; voltage-tunable ID MU-M AB A four-color quantum-well infrared photodetector (QWIP) for mid- and long-wavelength infrared (MWIR and LWIR) detection has been demonstrated in this work. Four stacks of QW structures with four different detection wavelengths are sandwiched between three highly doped contact layers. Peak detection wavelengths of this device are centered at 4.7, 8.5, 9, and 12.3 mu m, respectively. The 4.7- and 8.5-mu m stacks are separated from the 9- and 12.3-mu m stacks by a middle contact layer, and the peak detection wavelength within these two double-stack QWIP's can be tuned by the applied bias. Four different combinations of two-color simultaneous readings can be achieved. By using a small number of QW's and balancing the impedance between the stacks, rye are able to use all four stacks for voltage-tunable multicolor detection with two terminals. The bias and temperature dependence of the dark current and peak responsivity as well as the dynamic impedance in this four-color QWIP were systematically studied over a wide range of bias and temperature. In spite of using four different stacks of strained InGaAs-AlGaAs and GaAs-AlGaAs materials, the device shows excellent material quality and performance. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Jiang, XD (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 16 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1685 EP 1692 DI 10.1109/3.798092 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 250UJ UT WOS:000083406300015 ER PT J AU Tentzeris, EM Robertson, RL Harvey, JF Katehi, LPB AF Tentzeris, EM Robertson, RL Harvey, JF Katehi, LPB TI PML absorbing boundary conditions for the characterization of open microwave circuit components using multiresolution time-domain techniques (MRTD) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE absorbing boundary conditions; electromagnetic transient analysis; multiresolution methods; open waveguides; perfectly matched layer AB The recently developed multiresolution time-domain technique (MRTD) is applied to the modeling of open microwave circuit problems. Open boundaries are simulated by the use of a novel formulation of the perfect matching layer (PML) absorber. PML is modeled both in split and nonsplit forms and can be brought right on the surface of the planar components. The applicability of the MRTD technique to complex geometries with high-efficiency and accuracy in computing the fields at discontinuities is demonstrated through extensive comparisons to conventional finite difference time domain (PDTD). In addition, the numerical reflectivity of the PML absorber is investigated for a variety of cell sizes, some of which are very close to the Nyquist limit (lambda/2). C1 Georgia Inst Technol, ECE Sch, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Radiat Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Tentzeris, EM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, ECE Sch, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 47 IS 11 BP 1709 EP 1715 DI 10.1109/8.814951 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 272DG UT WOS:000084634800009 ER PT J AU Scherer, A Doll, T Yablonovitch, E Everitt, H Higgins, A AF Scherer, A Doll, T Yablonovitch, E Everitt, H Higgins, A TI Untitled SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Editorial Material ID BAND; PHOTONS C1 CALTECH, Dept Elect Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Rockwell Int Sci Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. RP Scherer, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Elect Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Everitt, Henry/L-7118-2013 OI Everitt, Henry/0000-0002-8141-3768 NR 11 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 47 IS 11 BP 2057 EP 2058 DI 10.1109/TMTT.1999.798000 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 250UQ UT WOS:000083406900001 ER PT J AU Beaky, MM Burk, JB Everitt, HO Haider, MA Venakides, S AF Beaky, MM Burk, JB Everitt, HO Haider, MA Venakides, S TI Two-dimensional photonic crystal Fabry-Perot resonators with lossy dielectrics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE dielectric loss; Fabry-Perot resonator; photonic crystal ID MICROWAVE; CAVITY; MODES AB Square and triangular lattice two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystals (PC's) composed of lossy dielectric rods in air were constructed with a microwave bandgap between 4-8 GHz. Fabry-Perot resonators of varying length were constructed from two of these PC's of adjustable thickness and reflectivity. The quality factor of cavity modes supported in the resonators was found to increase with increasing PC mirror thickness, but only to a point dictated by the lossiness of the dielectric rods. A 2-D periodic Green's function simulation was found to model the data accurately and quickly using physical parameters obtained in separate measurements. Simple rules are developed for designing optimal resonators in the presence of dielectric loss. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. St Andrews Sch, Middletown, DE 19709 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Math, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Beaky, MM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RI Everitt, Henry/L-7118-2013 OI Everitt, Henry/0000-0002-8141-3768 NR 18 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 47 IS 11 BP 2085 EP 2091 DI 10.1109/22.798003 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 250UQ UT WOS:000083406900004 ER PT J AU Ghogho, M Nandi, AK Swami, A AF Ghogho, M Nandi, AK Swami, A TI Cramer-Rao bounds and maximum likelihood estimation for random amplitude phase-modulated signals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID ADDITIVE NOISE; POLYNOMIAL PHASE; CYCLOSTATIONARY APPROACH; FADING CHANNELS; HARMONICS; FREQUENCY; SINUSOIDS AB The problem of estimating the phase parameters of a phase-modulated signal in the presence of colored multiplicative noise (random amplitude modulation) and additive white noise (both Gaussian) is addressed, Closed-form expressions for the exact and large-sample Cramer-Rao Bounds (CRB) are derived, It is shown that the CRB is significantly affected by the color of the modulating process when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or the intrinsic SNR is small. Maximum likelihood type estimators that ignore the noise color and optimize a criterion with respect to only the phase parameters are proposed, These estimators are shown to be equivalent to the nonlinear least squares estimators, which consist of matching the squared observations with a constant amplitude phase-modulated signal when the mean of the multiplicative noise is forced to zero. Closed-form expressions are derived for the efficiency of these estimators and are verified via simulations. C1 Univ Strathclyde, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Signal Proc Div, Glasgow G1 1XW, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Liverpool, Dept Elect Engn & Elect, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ghogho, M (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Signal Proc Div, Glasgow G1 1XW, Lanark, Scotland. EM mounir@spd.eee.strath.ac.uk; aknandi@liverpool.ac.uk; a.swami@ieee.org RI Nandi, Asoke/C-4572-2011 NR 30 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 47 IS 11 BP 2905 EP 2916 DI 10.1109/78.796427 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 247JK UT WOS:000083217500001 ER PT J AU Vig, JR Kim, Y AF Vig, JR Kim, Y TI Noise in microelectromechanical system resonators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-OSCILLATORS; SENSORS; LIMITS AB Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) based resonators and filters, ranging in frequencies from kHz to GHz, have been proposed. The question of how the stabilities of such resonators scale with dimensions is examined in this paper, with emphasis on the noise characteristics. When the dimensions of a resonator become small, instabilities that are negligible in macro-scale devices become prominent. The effects of fluctuations in temperature, adsorbing/desorbing molecules, outgassing, Brownian motion, Johnson noise, drive power and self-heating, and random vibration are explored. When the device is small, the effects of fluctuations in the numbers of photons, phonons, electrons and adsorbed molecules can all affect the noise characteristics. For all but the random vibration-induced noise, reducing the dimensions increases the noise. At submicron dimensions, especially, the frequency noise due to temperature fluctuations, Johnson noise, and adsorption/desorption are likely to limit the applications of ultra-small resonators. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, AMSEL RD C2, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Vig, JR (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, AMSEL RD C2, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. OI Vig, John/0000-0002-2378-0113 NR 32 TC 129 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 29 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD NOV PY 1999 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1558 EP 1565 DI 10.1109/58.808881 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 261VE UT WOS:000084029700027 PM 18244354 ER PT J AU Hartman, AB Van de Verg, LL Venkatesan, MM AF Hartman, AB Van de Verg, LL Venkatesan, MM TI Native and mutant forms of cholera toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin effectively enhance protective efficacy of live attenuated and heat-killed Shigella vaccines SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; NONTOXIC MUTANT; MUCOSAL IMMUNOGENICITY; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ADJUVANT ACTIVITY; ORAL CHALLENGE; MICE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; INDUCTION AB Both native and mutant forms of cholera toxin (CT) and heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) are effective adjuvants for antigens and killed whole-cell preparations. To determine whether these toxin molecules could also boost the immunogenicity and efficacy of live attenuated vaccines directed against shigellosis, the guinea pig keratoconjunctivitis model was used to evaluate the adjuvant effect of these toxin molecules on EcSf2a-3, a Delta virG Delta aroD Escherichia coli-Shigella flexneri 2a hybrid vaccine strain that was previously found to be less protective than its parent strain in the guinea pig model. Experiments using native and mutant toxin molecules showed that both CT and LT and mutant derivatives were effective as an adjuvant for EcSf2a-3 and that the mutant toxin molecules, which were developed to retain adjuvanticity without the toxicity associated with the native molecules, were as effective as the native toxin molecules as adjuvants. Protective efficacy was enhanced for both the oral and intranasal routes of immunization. Serum antibody response to the S. flexneri 2a O antigen, the primary antigen for protective immunity, was not dependent on the addition of an adjuvant. However, enumeration of the O-antigen-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibody-secreting cells in the spleen and draining lymph nodes following intranasal immunization suggested that enhancement of the local immune response by the toxin molecules may contribute to the observed increase in protective efficacy. The efficacy of heat-killed S. flexneri 2a was enhanced only by mutant LT molecules. These results suggest that the best candidates for enhancing the efficacy of both live attenuated and heat-killed Shigella vaccines with minimal reactogenicity are the mutant toxin molecules. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Hartman, AB (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Bldg 503, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 36 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 67 IS 11 BP 5841 EP 5847 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 249QD UT WOS:000083343000041 PM 10531238 ER PT J AU Hoover, DL Crawford, RM Van de Verg, LL Izadjoo, MJ Bhattacharjee, AK Paranavitana, CM Warren, RL Nikolich, MP Hadfield, TL AF Hoover, DL Crawford, RM Van de Verg, LL Izadjoo, MJ Bhattacharjee, AK Paranavitana, CM Warren, RL Nikolich, MP Hadfield, TL TI Protection of mice against brucellosis by vaccination with Brucella melitensis WR201(16M Delta purEK) SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ABORTUS INFECTION; BALB/C MICE; GAMMA-INTERFERON; IMMUNE SERUM; T-CELLS; DELETION; STRAINS; MACROPHAGES; VIRULENT; ANTIBODY AB Human brucellosis can be acquired from infected animal tissues by ingestion, inhalation, or contamination of the conjunctiva or traumatized skin by infected animal products. A vaccine to protect humans from occupational exposure or from zoonotic infection in areas where the disease is endemic would reduce an important cause of morbidity worldwide. Vaccines currently used in animals are unsuitable for human use. We tested a live, attenuated, purine-auxotrophic mutant strain of Brucella melitensis, WR201, for its ability to elicit cellular and humoral immune responses and to protect mice against intranasal challenge with B. melitensis 16M. Mice inoculated intraperitoneally with WR201 made serum antibody to lipopolysaccharide and non-O-polysaccharide antigens. Splenocytes from immunized animals released interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma interferon, and IL-10 when cultured with Brucella antigens. Immunization led to protection from disseminated infection but had only a slight effect on clearance of the challenge inoculum from the lungs. These studies suggest that WR201 should be further investigated as a vaccine to prevent human brucellosis. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Amer Registry Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Infect & Parasit Dis, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Hoover, DL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Nikolich, Mikeljon/B-2868-2011 NR 39 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 67 IS 11 BP 5877 EP 5884 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 249QD UT WOS:000083343000046 PM 10531243 ER PT J AU Dodd, DE Leahy, HF Feldmann, ML English, JH Vinegar, A AF Dodd, DE Leahy, HF Feldmann, ML English, JH Vinegar, A TI Reproductive toxicity screen of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I) in Sprague-Dawley rats SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THYROID-GLAND; INHALATION AB CF3I is being considered by the U.S. Air Force as a replacement for Halon 1301 for fire-extinguishing requirements in unoccupied spaces. The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate the potential for CF3I to produce reproductive toxicity and to provide additional information on the effect of CF3I exposure on the thyroid. Groups of 16 male and 16 female rats were exposed (6 h/day) to CF3I vapor at concentrations of 0 (control), 0.2, 0.7, and 2.0% using whole-body inhalation chambers. Prior to mating, rats were exposed to CF3I for 4 wk (5 days/wk). Exposures were 7 days/wk during the periods of mating (2 wk), gestation (3 wk), and lactation (3 wk). First-generation pups were not exposed to CF3I vapor. In parental animals, there were no clinical signs of toxicity except for a minimal decrease in mean body weight in female rats at 2.0% CF3I. At necropsy, gross findings, mean serum chemistry levels, mean hematology values, mean bone marrow micronuclei scores, and mean organ weights were similar for all exposure groups, including the air control group. Statistically significant differences did not show a pattern and/or were considered incidental. There were no treatment-elated microscopic tissue findings, including the thyroid organ. Analysis of reproductive indices and parameters indicates CF3I is nor a reproductive toxicant. Results of serum thyroid hormone levels (e.g., T-3, T-4, rT(3), and TSH), showed concentration-related increaser in TSH, T-4, and rT(3). T-3 levels were decreased. First-generation pup survival and mean body weights were similar in all exposure groups, including the control. Exposure of 2.0% CF3I vapor for approximately 14 wk produced minimal general toxicity and no reproductive toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats. On the basis of reproductive indices and parameters, the NOAEL for this study is 2.0% CF3I. C1 Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Tox Hazards Res, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. USA, Med Res Unit, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Dodd, DE (reprint author), Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Tox Hazards Res, POB 31009, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1041 EP 1055 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 259PJ UT WOS:000083902000004 PM 10562696 ER PT J AU Adler, M Lebeda, FJ Kauffman, FC Deshpande, SS AF Adler, M Lebeda, FJ Kauffman, FC Deshpande, SS TI Mechanism of action of sodium cyanide on rat diaphragm muscle SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sodium cyanide; metabolic inhibitor; rat diaphragm; twitch tension; caffeine contracture ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; CALCIUM; FIBERS; FORCE; CELLS AB The effects of sodium cyanide (NaCN) were investigated on the contractile and electrophysiological properties of rat diaphragm muscles in vitro, Sodium cyanide (0.1-1.0 mM) produced an initial potentiation of directly elicited twitch tensions, followed by a slow progressive depression. The potentiation and depression were both dependent on the NaCN concentration and stimulation frequency. Muscles exposed to NaCN exhibited marked reductions of creatine phosphate concentration, but ATP levels were not significantly lowered. Sodium cyanide had no effect on the resting potential, input resistance or action potential, indicating that the toxicity of the metabolic inhibitor is not mediated by alterations of membrane excitability or passive electrical properties. Sodium cyanide reduced the amplitude of contractures elicited by 70 mM K2SO4, suggesting that the actions of NaCN cannot be explained by a failure of action potentials to propagate across the muscle surface or within t-tubular membranes. Sodium cyanide suppressed the first phase of the caffeine contracture, an observation consistent with an impaired release of, or reduced sensitivity to, sarcoplasmic reticular Ca2+, but did not alter the amplitude of the second phase, which represents rigor following ATP depletion, These results, in conjunction with those of previous studies, suggest that the depression in muscle tension following exposure to NaCN may result from alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis, intracellular acidosis or from accumulation of one or more products of phosphocreatine breakdown. Copyright (C) 1999 John Whey & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Neurotoxicol Branch, Div Pharmacol, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Cell Biol & Biochem Dept, Div Toxicol, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Adler, M (reprint author), USA, Neurotoxicol Branch, Div Pharmacol, Med Res Inst Chem Def, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 19 IS 6 BP 411 EP 419 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199911/12)19:6<411::AID-JAT597>3.0.CO;2-1 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 260CJ UT WOS:000083930500005 PM 10547623 ER PT J AU Bantle, JA Finch, RA Fort, DJ Stover, EL Hull, M Kumsher-King, M Gaudet-Hull, AM AF Bantle, JA Finch, RA Fort, DJ Stover, EL Hull, M Kumsher-King, M Gaudet-Hull, AM TI Phase III interlaboratory study of FETAX - Part 3. FETAX validation using 12 compounds with and without an exogenous metabolic activation system SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FETAX; Xenopus; teratogen; interlaboratory validation; developmental toxicity ID EMBRYO TERATOGENESIS ASSAY; DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; INDUCED DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; XENOPUS FETAX; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; GAVAGE AB FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus) is a 96-h whole-embryo developmental toxicity screening assay that can be used in ecotoxicology and in detecting mammalian developmental toxicants when an in vitro metabolic activation system is employed. A standardized American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) guide for the conduct of FETAX has been published, along with a companion atlas that helps in embryo staging and in identifying malformations, As part of the ASTM process, an interlaboratory validation study was undertaken to evaluate the repeatability and reliability of FETAX and to evaluate the potential teratogenic hazard of 12 compounds. Three different laboratories participated in the study. All three participating laboratories had extensive experience with the assay. FETAX intralaboratory and interlaboratory variability, as judged by coefficients of variation, were very low. Potential teratogenic hazard was evaluated using two major criteria from FETAX experiments employing metabolic activation systems (MAS). These were the teratogenic index TI (TI = 96-h LC50/96-h EC50 (malformation)) and the minimum concentration that inhibits growth (MCIG), A compound was considered teratogenic by this criterion when the MCIG was significantly different from controls at concentrations below the 30% level of the MAS 96-h LC50. Based on the results of this and other studies, a decision table was constructed in order to evaluate additional studies. Severity of malformations caused, especially near the MAS 96-h EC50 (malformation), were also evaluated. Four compounds were non-teratogenic but two compounds were clearly teratogenic. The remaining six compounds were ranked as equivocal teratogens, The results were discussed in light of the difficulty of producing an adequate decision table. FETAX proved to yield repeatable and reliable data as long as care was taken during range-finding and technicians were adequately trained. The MAS was essential in using FETAX to predict developmental hazard in mammals, and still requires further development. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res Provis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Stover Biometr Labs Inc, Stillwater, OK 74076 USA. USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res Provis, Geocenters Inc, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bantle, JA (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Off Vice President Res, 120 R TECS, Athens, OH 45701 USA. NR 44 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 19 IS 6 BP 447 EP 472 PG 26 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 260CJ UT WOS:000083930500009 PM 10547627 ER PT J AU Goodwin, CW AF Goodwin, CW TI The 1999 presidential address - Burn care in the 21st century: Present needs and future solutions SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Goodwin, CW (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0273-8481 J9 J BURN CARE REHABIL JI J. Burn Care Rehabil. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 20 IS 6 BP 441 EP 444 DI 10.1097/00004630-199920060-00004 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine; Rehabilitation; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Rehabilitation; Surgery GA 265WJ UT WOS:000084268800003 PM 10613680 ER PT J AU DePew, CL Gordon, M Yoder, LH Goodwin, CW AF DePew, CL Gordon, M Yoder, LH Goodwin, CW TI The relationship of burnout, stress, and hardiness in nurses in a military medical center: A replicated descriptive study SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL CARE NURSES; HOSPITAL STAFF NURSES; PERSONALITY HARDINESS; HEALTH AB The purpose of this descriptive study was to determine whether the personality trait of hardiness is a predictor of burnout and whether it can buffer the effect of stress on burnout. Forty-nine registered nurses working in 7 special care units completed the Tedium Burnout Scale, the Nursing Stress Scale, and the Hardiness Test. Results indicate that burnout, stress, and hardiness had a significant relationship (P < .001). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that hardiness alone accounted for 35% of burnout variance (P < .05) and that the addition of stress had no effect. A previous study reported that burn unit nurses had the least burnout and greatest hardiness. However, in this study, nurses from the Burn Intensive Care Unit had the highest burnout and stress scores and the lowest hardiness scores of nurses from the 7 units. This study confirms findings by a previous study that hardiness is a predictor of burnout but is not a buffer in the stress-burnout relationship. To further understand burnout and hardiness, longitudinal and multisite studies that include burn units are recommended. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP DePew, CL (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave,Bldg 3611, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 10 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0273-8481 J9 J BURN CARE REHABIL JI J. Burn Care Rehabil. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 20 IS 6 BP 515 EP 522 PG 8 WC Emergency Medicine; Rehabilitation; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Rehabilitation; Surgery GA 265WJ UT WOS:000084268800017 PM 10613692 ER PT J AU Ringel, MD Balducci-Silano, PL Anderson, JS Spencer, CA Silverman, J Sparling, YH Francis, GL Burman, KD Wartofsky, L Ladenson, PW Levine, MA Tuttle, RM AF Ringel, MD Balducci-Silano, PL Anderson, JS Spencer, CA Silverman, J Sparling, YH Francis, GL Burman, KD Wartofsky, L Ladenson, PW Levine, MA Tuttle, RM TI Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of circulating thyroglobulin messenger ribonucleic acid for monitoring patients with thyroid carcinoma SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; ELEVATED THYROGLOBULIN; CANCER PATIENTS; I-131 THERAPY; BONE-MARROW; CELLS; PAPILLARY; SERUM; RNA; AUTOANTIBODIES AB Patients with thyroid cancer are monitored for disease recurrence by measurement of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) and iodine-131 (I-131) scanning. To enhance sensitivity and to circumvent antibodies that interfere with Tg immunoassays, we have developed RT-PCR assays that detect circulating thyroid messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts. We now report results using a sensitive quantitative Tg mRNA assay (Taqman; ABI, Foster City, CA) in comparison with immunoassay in patients previously treated for thyroid cancer. We evaluated 107 patients: 84 during T-4 therapy, 14 after T-4 withdrawal, and 9 at both time points. All patients had near-total thyroidectomy, and 92% received postoperative I-131. Serum TSH, Tg protein, and Tg mRNA were measured. Patients were grouped based on most recent I-131 scan or pathologically confirmed disease as having no detectable thyroid tissue (n = 33), thyroid bed uptake (n = 37), cervical/regional adenopathy (n = 21), or distant metastases (n = 16). During T-4 therapy, median (range) Tg mRNA values (pg Tg Eq/mu g thyroid RNA) for the groups were 1.5 (0-26.8), 9.4 (0.5-90.0), 15.4 (0.2-92), and 12.4 (1.9-16.6), respectively Using a value of 3 pg Tg Eq/mu g thyroid RNA as cut-point, Tg mRNA was positive in 38% of patients with no uptake, 75% with thyroid bed uptake, 84% with cervical/regional disease, and 94% with distant metastases. The median Tg mRNA value for patients with no uptake was lower than the median values for patients with thyroid bed uptake (P = 0.009) or with detectable thyroid tissue at any site (P = 0.010). Patients with negative I-131 whole body scans were also less likely to have detectable Tg mRNA levels than were patients with thyroid bed uptake (P < 0.001) or any detectable thyroid tissue at any location (P < 0.001). Similar differences between these groups were seen after T-4 withdrawal and for the 23 patients with circulating anti-Tg antibodies, when analyzed separately. Eight of the nine patients studied with low and high TSH concentrations displayed greater amounts of circulating Tg mRNA after T-4 withdrawal. In three patients followed prospectively, the amount Tg mRNA correlated with the presence and absence of cervical metastases. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that a quantitative Tg mRNA assay can identify thyroid cancer patients with recurrent or residual thyroid tissue with greater sensitivity and similar specificity to Tg immunoassay during T-4 therapy. The assay was unaffected by anti-Tg antibodies, responded to TSH-stimulation, and was reduced after surgical removal of metastases. These data suggest that this quantitative Tg mRNA assay may be a sensitive marker of tumor recurrence or response to therapy, particularly in patients with anti-Tg antibodies. C1 Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Medstar Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Ringel, MD (reprint author), Washington Hosp Ctr, Endocrinol Sect, Mol Endocrinol Lab, 110 Irving St NW,Room 2A-46B, Washington, DC 20010 USA. EM mxr9@mhg.edu RI Ain, Kenneth/A-5179-2012 OI Ain, Kenneth/0000-0002-2668-934X NR 32 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X EI 1945-7197 J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 84 IS 11 BP 4037 EP 4042 DI 10.1210/jc.84.11.4037 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 253KM UT WOS:000083555800027 PM 10566646 ER PT J AU Cuzzubbo, AJ Endy, TP Vaughn, DW Solomon, T Nisalak, A Kalayanarooj, S Dung, NM Warrilow, D Aaskov, J Devine, PL AF Cuzzubbo, AJ Endy, TP Vaughn, DW Solomon, T Nisalak, A Kalayanarooj, S Dung, NM Warrilow, D Aaskov, J Devine, PL TI Evaluation of a new commercially available immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis infections SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODIES; DENGUE; VIRUS AB A new commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis virus infections showed a sensitivity of 88% with sera and 81% with cerebrospinal fluid and a specificity of 97% with sera from patients with primary and secondary dengue virus infections. Specificity aas 100% when samples from nonflavivirus infections were tested. C1 PanBio Pty Ltd, Windsor, Qld 4030, Australia. Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Life Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. Cho Quan Hosp, Ctr Trop Dis, Wellcome Trust Clin Res Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Cho Quan Hosp, Ctr Trop Dis, Paediat Intens Care Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. RP Devine, PL (reprint author), PanBio Pty Ltd, Lutwyche Rd, Windsor, Qld 4030, Australia. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-34533, P01 AI034533] NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 37 IS 11 BP 3738 EP 3741 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 246FT UT WOS:000083154300060 PM 10523589 ER PT J AU Fenton, C Anderson, J Lukes, Y Dinauer, CAW Tuttle, RM Francis, GL AF Fenton, C Anderson, J Lukes, Y Dinauer, CAW Tuttle, RM Francis, GL TI Ras mutations are uncommon in sporadic thyroid cancer in children and young adults SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE ras; thyroid; cancer; childhood ID ONCOGENE MUTATIONS; PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; DIFFERENT PATTERN; CARCINOMAS SHOW; GSP ONCOGENES; TUMORS; CHILDHOOD; PAPILLARY; RADIATION; CHERNOBYL AB Mutations in the ras genes (H-ras, K-ras, and N-ras) occur in 10-15% of all human cancers, and commonly arise from single base substitutions at codons 12, 13, or 61. Although ras mutations have been found in adult thyroid cancers, they were absent from the two studies which examined childhood thyroid cancers. Both studies included only children with radiation induced thyroid cancer, and it remains unclear if ras mutations occur in children without radiation exposure. To answer this question, we examined archival tissue blocks from 31 children with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) 4 with follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), 2 with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), and 1 with lymphoma (LYM). Only 1 patient with PTC had previous radiation exposure. Genomic DNA was extracted and used for PCR amplification of the ras genes. The PCR products were analyzed by oligospecific hybridization for mutations at codons 12, 13, and 61. Two of the PTCs (6.5%) contained ras mutations. Both patients had class II disease and no history of previous radiation exposure. One patient subsequently developed bone and lung metastases. The patient with lymphoma also had a ras mutation (N-61), but ras mutations were absent from all FTC and MTC. These results suggest that ras mutations are uncommon in spontaneous childhood thyroid cancer, but occur with a frequency similar to that found in previous reports of adult differentiated thyroid cancers. The number of subjects was too small to determine if ras mutations are more common in patients with aggressive papillary thyroid cancer. (J. Endocrinol. invest. 22: 781-789, 1999) (C)1999, Editrice Kurtis. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, F Edward Herbert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Francis, GL (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, F Edward Herbert Sch Med, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 35 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDITRICE KURTIS S R L PI MILAN PA VIA LUIGI ZOJA 30, 20153 MILAN, ITALY SN 0391-4097 J9 J ENDOCRINOL INVEST JI J. Endocrinol. Invest. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 22 IS 10 BP 781 EP 789 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 259HM UT WOS:000083888500007 PM 10614528 ER PT J AU Mines, P Loushine, RJ West, LA Liewehr, FR Zadinsky, JR AF Mines, P Loushine, RJ West, LA Liewehr, FR Zadinsky, JR TI Use of the microscope in endodontics: A report based on a questionnaire SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID SURGERY AB A survey regarding operating microscope (OM) usage and training was mailed to 3356 active members of the American Association of Endodontists (ABE) in the United States. Data from 2061 questionnaires: indicate that 52% of the endodontists surveyed have access to and use the OM in their practice. The frequency of use as a function of years since completing endodontic training was as follows: <5 yr, 71%; 6 to 10 yr, 51%; and >10 yr, 44%. The OM was used most often for retrieval of separated instruments, root-end preparations, and root-end fillings. Of the respondents who use the OM, 36% report they do not use it as often as anticipated. The most common reasons reported were positional difficulties, inconvenience, and increased treatment time. The information collected from the survey reveals that the more training the operator has-on the microscope, the more likely he or she is to use it for all procedures. C1 USA, DENTAC, DDS, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Data Anal Clin Invest Dept, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP West, LA (reprint author), USA, DENTAC, DDS, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 8 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 25 IS 11 BP 755 EP 758 DI 10.1016/S0099-2399(99)80125-3 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 252VV UT WOS:000083523700014 PM 10726545 ER PT J AU Ruan, R Chen, P Chang, K Kim, HJ Taub, IA AF Ruan, R Chen, P Chang, K Kim, HJ Taub, IA TI Rapid food particle temperature mapping during ohmic heating using FLASH MRI SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MRI; ohmic heating; temperature mapping AB A fast low angle shoot (FLASH) pulse sequence in combination with a multi-inversion procedure was used to rapidly acquire spin-lattice relaxation data for food particles undergoing ohmic heating, The relaxation data acquired by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were analyzed using a two-component exponential model to extract both short and long spin-lattice relaxation time, T-1, The longer T-1 showed a better linear relationship with temperature than the shorter T-1 and, therefore, was used to produce more reliable temperature maps. The MRI temperature maps constructed for ohmically heated food particulates showed an entirely different heating pattern than would be found for similar but conventionally heated particulates and indicated that the temperature inside the particulate could be higher than near the surface of the particulate. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Chem, Seoul 151742, South Korea. USA, Off Tech Director, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Ruan, R (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. OI Ruan, Roger/0000-0001-8835-2649 NR 6 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 64 IS 6 BP 1024 EP 1026 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1999.tb12273.x PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 274VT UT WOS:000084786300018 ER PT J AU Green, S Pichyangkul, S Vaughn, DW Kalayanarooj, S Nimmannitya, S Nisalak, A Kurane, I Rothman, AL Ennis, FA AF Green, S Pichyangkul, S Vaughn, DW Kalayanarooj, S Nimmannitya, S Nisalak, A Kurane, I Rothman, AL Ennis, FA TI Early CD69 expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes from children with dengue hemorrhagic fever SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID T-CELL ACTIVATION; VIRUS-INFECTED CELLS; NATURAL-KILLER CELLS; SHOCK SYNDROME; RISK-FACTORS; SOLUBLE CD8; ANTIBODY; GAMMA; INTERLEUKIN-2; RESPONSES AB Recent reports have demonstrated immune activation in dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) by cytokine and soluble receptor detection in blood. The goal of this study was to determine which cell types are activated and likely to be responsible for cytokine production, Whole blood specimens from 51 Thai children presenting within 72 h of fever onset and with detectable plasma dengue viral RNA were studied by flow cytometry. Absolute CD4 T cell, CD8 T cell, NK cell, and gamma delta T cell counts were decreased in children with DHF compared with those with dengue fever (DF) early in the course of illness. The percent of cells expressing CD69 was increased on CD8 T cells and NK cells in children who developed DHF more than in those with DE These data directly demonstrate that cellular immune activation is present early in acute dengue and is related to disease severity. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Green, S (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-34533] NR 40 TC 117 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 180 IS 5 BP 1429 EP 1435 DI 10.1086/315072 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 252TZ UT WOS:000083519500003 PM 10515800 ER PT J AU Scherer, A Doll, T Yablonovitch, E Everitt, HO Higgins, JA AF Scherer, A Doll, T Yablonovitch, E Everitt, HO Higgins, JA TI Electromagnetic crystal structures, design, synthesis, and applications SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BAND; PHOTONS C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90022 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Rockwell Int Sci Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. RP Scherer, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Everitt, Henry/L-7118-2013 OI Everitt, Henry/0000-0002-8141-3768 NR 13 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1928 EP 1930 DI 10.1109/JLT.1999.1673018 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 255NB UT WOS:000083675100001 ER PT J AU Farr, JV AF Farr, JV TI Visibility, perception, and technical competence: Keys to success SO JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Farr, JV (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0742-597X J9 J MANAGE ENG JI J. Manage. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 15 IS 6 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 245QY UT WOS:000083120700011 ER PT J AU Vaughan, JA Trpis, M Turell, MJ AF Vaughan, JA Trpis, M Turell, MJ TI Brugia malayi microfilariae (Nematoda : Filaridae) enhance the infectivity of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus to Aedes mosquitoes (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; Aedes triseriatus; Aedes taeniorhynchus; filaria; arbovirus; microfilarial enhancement of arboviral transmission ID VALLEY FEVER VIRUS; INCREASED DISSEMINATION; CULEX-PIPIENS AB We examined the potentially conflicting effects that microfilarial (MF) enhancement of viral infectivity and MF-induced mortality in mosquitoes have on the vectorial capacity of Aedes aegypti (L.),Aedes triseriatus (Say),and Aedes taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann ) for Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) when mosquitoes feed on gerbils co-infected with Brugia malayi (Buckley). Groups of mosquitoes were fed on gerbils that were either dually infected (VEE plus B. malayi MF) or singly infected (VEE only). Mosquito mortality was recorded daily, and 5-8 d later, surviving mosquitoes were assayed for disseminated viral infection. The contrasting effects of MF enhancement and MF-induced mortality differed among mosquito species and were determined by the nature and consequences of MF penetration through the mosquito midgut, but not to differences in mosquito susceptibilities to parenterally introduced virus. In As. aegypti, MF-induced mortality was high and tended to eliminate any significant effect of MF enhancement. In Ae. triseriatus, MF-induced mortality was low, and feeding on dually infected hosts resulted in 9 times as many mosquitoes with disseminated viral infections as did feeding on singly-infected hosts. In Ae. taeniorhynchus, MF-induced mortality was extremely high, yet under our experimental conditions, feeding on a dually infected hosts resulted in nearly 30 times as many disseminated infections as did feeding on singly infected hosts. The final outcome on vectorial capacity depended on the specific combination of MF. virus, and mosquito species involved. Therefore, future efforts toward understanding MF enhancement should be directed toward mosquito-virus-parasite species combinations that occur together in nature. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Vaughan, JA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 655 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 02642, AI38943] NR 28 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 36 IS 6 BP 758 EP 763 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 256HE UT WOS:000083719200018 PM 10593077 ER PT J AU Frances, SP Watcharapichat, P Phulsuksombati, D Tanskul, P Linthicum, KJ AF Frances, SP Watcharapichat, P Phulsuksombati, D Tanskul, P Linthicum, KJ TI Seasonal occurrence of Leptotrombidium deliense (Acari : Trombiculidae) attached to sentinel rodents in an orchard near Bangkok, Thailand SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Leptotrombidium deliense; Trombiculidae; Orientia tsutsugamushi; scrub typhus; sentinel rodents; Thailand ID TYPHUS; SCRUB AB Leptotrombidium deliense Walch that attached to sentinel laboratory mice and the roof rat, Rattus rattus (L.), placed in an orchard habitat near Bangkok, Thailand, were studied between April 1993 and April 1995. A single L. deliense larva was attached to only 1 of 51 laboratory mice placed in the study area between April and September 1993. Overall, 89/202 (44.1%) R. rattus had 1 or more L. deliense larvae attached, and Orientia tsutsugamushi (Hayashi), the etiologic agent for scrub typhus, was isolated from liver/spleen samples of 2/202 (1.0%) rats placed in an endemic urea for a single night. A total of 474 L, deliense attached to sentinel R. rattus, of which 314 larvae successfully fed to repletion and were recovered, and 2 (0.6%) of these were naturally infected with O. tsutsugamushi. The occurrence of L. deliense was influenced by rainfall, with more chiggers attached to rodents in the wetter months of the year. The study showed that the risk of exposure to infection with O. tsutsugamushi is greater during the wetter months of the year, and that only a relatively small number of chigger attachments are needed to infect potential hosts. C1 Australian Army Malaria Inst, Enoggera, Qld 4052, Australia. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USA Med Component, Dept Entomol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Royal Thai Component, Dept Vet Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Frances, SP (reprint author), Australian Army Malaria Inst, Gallipoli Barracks, Enoggera, Qld 4052, Australia. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 36 IS 6 BP 869 EP 874 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 256HE UT WOS:000083719200034 PM 10593093 ER PT J AU Zeichner, BC AF Zeichner, BC TI Baseline susceptibility of a laboratory strain of Pediculus humanus humanus (Anoplura : Pediculidae) using a modified World Health Organization testing protocol SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pediculus humanus humanus; resistance testing; susceptibility; pyrethroids AB The World Health Organization (WHO) protocol for determining resistance in body lice, Pediculus humanus humanus (L.), requires holding lice for long periods, which makes successful execution of the test difficult in field settings. The purpose of this study was to modify the WHO test procedure to make the holding period of lice shelter and the handling of lice easier. Susceptible lice from a laboratory colony were placed in a petri dish containing a paper that had been treated with an insecticide solution. After 6 h, the petri dish was turned on its side and lightly tapped on the table. Lice that were unable to cling to the paper were counted as knocked down. The KD50 in mg (AI) /ml of the insecticide solution used to treat the papers was as follows: lindane 0.060, permethrin 0.115, d-phenothrin 0.554, and malathion 1.008. If the diagnostic dose is set at 2 times the KD99, for this test procedure the diagnostic doses and WHO equivalent dose would be lindane, 0.368 mg (AI)/ml (WHO 0.132%); permethrin, 0.198 mg (AI) /ml (WHO 0.206%); d-phenothrin, 2.680 mg (AI)/ml (WHO 1.107%); and malathion, 5.212 mg (AI)/ml (WHO 2.020%). C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Entomol Sci Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Zeichner, BC (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Entomol Sci Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 36 IS 6 BP 903 EP 905 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 256HE UT WOS:000083719200042 PM 10593101 ER PT J AU Green, S Vaughn, DW Kalayanarooj, S Nimmannitya, S Suntayakorn, S Nisalak, A Rothman, AL Ennis, FA AF Green, S Vaughn, DW Kalayanarooj, S Nimmannitya, S Suntayakorn, S Nisalak, A Rothman, AL Ennis, FA TI Elevated plasma interleukin-10 levels in acute dengue correlate with disease severity SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; IMMUNOREGULATORY FUNCTIONS; INFECTED PATIENTS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; HUMAN MONOCYTES; MEASLES-VIRUS; SERUM LEVELS; TNF-ALPHA; IL-10 C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. Kamphaeng Phet Prov Hosp, Dept Pediat, Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. RP Green, S (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01AI34533] NR 37 TC 118 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 59 IS 3 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199911)59:3<329::AID-JMV12>3.0.CO;2-G PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 242HQ UT WOS:000082934800012 PM 10502265 ER PT J AU Ernst, GP Kawaguchi, J Saliba, E AF Ernst, GP Kawaguchi, J Saliba, E TI Effect of patellar taping on knee kinetics of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE lower-extremity kinetics; patellar taping; patellofemoral pain ID COMPRESSION SYNDROME; VASTUS LATERALIS; MANAGEMENT; DISORDERS; EXTENSION; POSITION; EXERCISE; TRACKING; HEIGHT; BRACE AB Study Design: Single-group repeated measures examining patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Objective: To examine the effect of McConnell patellar taping on single-leg vertical jump height and knee extensor moment and power during a Vertical jump and lateral step-up. Background: Patellar taping is used by clinicians in an attempt to maximize knee extensor function during sporting activities and rehabilitation of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. No studies have examined the effect of patellar taping on Vertical jump height and knee extensor moment and power during a maximal vertical jump or lateral step-up. Methods and Measures: Fourteen women (24.4 +/- 5.8 years) with unilateral patellofemoral pain performed a single-leg Vertical jump and lateral step-up during 4 knee conditions: patellar tape, placebo tape, no tape, and the uninvolved knee. Maximal knee extensor moment, knee power, and vertical jump height were measured for each condition using a force platform and motion analysis system. Results: Analyses of variance and post hoc analyses revealed a main effect for knee condition. The patellar tape condition resulted in a greater knee extensor moment (1.57 +/- 0.32 N.m/kg) and power (3.47 +/- 0.67 W/kg) than did the no-tape (1.31 +/- 0.39 N.m/kg and 2.79 +/- 1.27 W/kg) and placebo tape (1.33 +/- 0.30 N.m/kg and 2.70 +/- 0.99 W/kg) conditions. Additional analyses showed that the vertical-jump height was significantly greater in the uninvolved lower extremity (25.69 +/- 2.66 cm) compared with the patellar tape (23.33 +/- 4.22 cm), placebo tape (23.08 +/- 4.20 cm), and no-tape (23.45 +/- 4.54 cm) conditions. The patellar tape condition did not show a different vertical jump height than the placebo or no-tape conditions. Conclusions: These results suggest that patellar taping compared with no tape may improve the knee extensor moment and power during weight-bearing activities such as the lateral step-up exercise and the Vertical jump. C1 USN, Med Serv Corp, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. USA, Baylor Univ, Program Phys Therapy, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Ernst, GP (reprint author), 182 Artillery Post, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 37 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 9 PU J O S P T, ALLIANCE GROUP COMMUNICATIONS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 29 IS 11 BP 661 EP 667 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 254GP UT WOS:000083603800006 PM 10575643 ER PT J AU Knebel, PT Avery, DW Gebhardt, TL Koppenhaver, SL Allison, SC Bryan, JM Kelly, A AF Knebel, PT Avery, DW Gebhardt, TL Koppenhaver, SL Allison, SC Bryan, JM Kelly, A TI Effects of the forearm support band on wrist extensor muscle fatigue SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE forearm support band; lateral epicondylitis; median power spectral frequency ID LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS; CONDUCTION-VELOCITY; TENNIS ELBOW; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; SIGNAL; EMG AB Study Design: A crossover experimental design with repeated measures. Objective: To determine whether the forearm support band alters wrist extensor muscle fatigue. Background: Fatigue of the wrist extensor muscles is thought to be a contributing factor in the development of lateral epicondylitis. The forearm support band is purported to reduce or prevent symptoms of lateral epicondylitis but the mechanism of action is unknown. Methods and Measures: Fifty unimpaired subjects (36 men, 14 women; mean age = 29 +/- 6 years) were tested with and without a forearm support band before and after a fatiguing boot of exercise. Peak wrist extension isometric force, peak isometric grip force, and median power spectral frequency for wrist extensor electromyographic activity were measured before and after exercise and with and without the forearm support band. A 2 x 2 repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data, followed by univariate analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple comparison tests. Results: Peak wrist extension isometric force, peak grip isometric force, and median power spectral frequency were all reduced after exercise. However, there was a significant reduction in peak grip isometric force and peak wrist extension isometric force values for the with-forearm support band condition (grip force 28%, wrist extension force 26%) compared to the without-forearm support band condition (grip force 18%, wrist extension force 15%). Conclusions: Wearing the forearm support band increased the rate of fatigue in unimpaired individuals. Our findings do not support the premise that wearing the forearm support band reduces muscle fatigue in the wrist extensors. C1 USA, Ft Riley, KS USA. US PHS, Dallas, TX USA. USA, Ft Jackson, SC USA. USA, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. USA, Baylor Univ, Grad Program Phys Therapy, Acad Hlth Sci, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Knebel, PT (reprint author), 27 Arnold Ave,Apartment 27, Ft Riley, KS 66442 USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU J O S P T, ALLIANCE GROUP COMMUNICATIONS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 29 IS 11 BP 677 EP 685 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 254GP UT WOS:000083603800008 PM 10575645 ER PT J AU Klemme, WR Burkhalter, W Polly, DW Dahl, LF Davis, DA AF Klemme, WR Burkhalter, W Polly, DW Dahl, LF Davis, DA TI Reversible ischemic myelopathy during scoliosis surgery. A possible role for intravenous lidocaine SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDICS LA English DT Article DE ischemia; myelopathy; scoliosis; lidocaine ID CORD BLOOD-FLOW; SPINAL-CORD; PARAPLEGIA; DISTRACTION AB An unusual and previously unreported case of partially reversible ischemic myelopathy after limited unilateral segmental vessel ligation during scoliosis surgery is described. Intravenous lidocaine, used intraoperatively for its vasoactive properties, induced an immediate and meaningful recovery of neurologic function. The conceptual and pharmacologic basis for this intervention is discussed in view of this exceedingly rare complication of segmental vessel ligation. C1 USA, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Med Corps,Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Klemme, WR (reprint author), USA, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Med Corps,Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0271-6798 J9 J PEDIATR ORTHOPED JI J. Pediatr. Orthop. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 19 IS 6 BP 763 EP 765 DI 10.1097/00004694-199911000-00014 PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Pediatrics SC Orthopedics; Pediatrics GA 252HB UT WOS:000083495100014 PM 10573347 ER PT J AU Jackson, FC Jensen, RE AF Jackson, FC Jensen, RE TI Directional response of wind waves to a large wind shift SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GULF-STREAM; OCEAN WAVES; SPECTRA; RADAR AB The directional response of a fully arisen sea to a similar to 90 degrees wind shift is studied using a combination of airborne radar and in situ directional wave observations. The observations were made in February 1991 as a part of the Surface Wave Dynamics Experiment. Radar and buoy mean wave directions in several frequency bands are polynomial-smoothed in fetch and duration coordinates and analyzed for the directional relaxation parameter b by using finite differences of the gridded, smoothed data in a one-dimensional advection equation for the mean wave direction. The analysis is carried out using several different sets of buoy wind and wave data in an event window of 40 h in duration by 200 km in fetch (100-300 km offshore). For the most well-populated and reliable inverse wave age class in the study, 1.2 less than or equal to U/c < 1.6, the authors find b = 3.3(+/- 0.1) x 10(-5). The data do not support any inference as to possible wave age dependence other than, perhaps, the null hypothesis, b = const (U/c). Frequencies near the spectral peak do not respond according to the relaxation model, and misleading values of b may result from st standard analysis of the data. Wave-current interactions are a potential source of bias. Reflected waves in the study area may be biasing the present result low by as much as 20%. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Jensen, RE (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM jensen@madmax.wes.army.mil NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2829 EP 2850 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<2829:DROWWT>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 258ZA UT WOS:000083868500005 ER PT J AU Turk, MJ Ansari, AS Alston, WB Gahn, GS Frimer, AA Scheiman, DA AF Turk, MJ Ansari, AS Alston, WB Gahn, GS Frimer, AA Scheiman, DA TI Evaluation of the thermal oxidative stability of polyimides via TGA techniques SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); TGA-FTIR; activation energy (E-a); polyimides; kinetic methods; thermooxidative stability (TOS); decomposition onset temperature (T-d) ID THERMOOXIDATIVE STABILITY; FLUORINATED POLYIMIDES; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC DATA; DEGRADATION; 371-DEGREES-C AB Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has been used for many years to evaluate polymer thermal stability. The objective of this study is to determine if weight-loss curves from TGA and isothermal TGA (IGA) can be used to determine degradation activation energies and thus rank the thermal stability (TS) and thermooxidative stability (TOS) for selected polyimides. Two high-temperature stable addition-cured polyimides and two aromatic condensation polyimides, all four containing fluorinated connecting linkages in the dianhydride monomers, were compared. Three TGA kinetic methods (Coats/Redfern, Ingraham/Marier, Horowitz/Metzger) were used to determine the activation energy for decomposition in air. The results were then used to rank polyimide stability compared to more traditional rankings based on long-term isothermal air aging weight-loss (IWL) studies and thermal decomposition temperatures (T-d) from TGA data. Use of TGA coupled to a Fourier transform infrared (TGA-FTIR) spectrophotometer allowed for the simultaneous identification and relative quantification of evolved decomposition products (CO2, CO, ArNCO, and CHF3) of the four polyimides degraded in air or nitrogen. Isothermal TGA-FTIR (IGA-FTIR) was also done in air to determine the relative rate of product evolution at a constant temperature. Activation energies using TGA and ICA data were determined and then compared with IWL values for the degradation of the polyimide to examine for correlations of real-life thermal oxidative aging to accelerated aging techniques. The Coats/Redfern method and T-d were found to best reproduce stability rankings of those from long-term, high-temperature IWL studies. Together, they may provide a time-saving technique to evaluate polyimide thermal oxidative stability. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Dynacs Eng Inc, Glenn Res Ctr, Brookpark, OH 44142 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. USA, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Bar Ilan Univ, Ethel & David Resnick Chair Act Oxygen Chem, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Scheiman, DA (reprint author), Dynacs Eng Inc, Glenn Res Ctr, Brookpark, OH 44142 USA. NR 44 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 33 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 37 IS 21 BP 3943 EP 3956 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0518(19991101)37:21<3943::AID-POLA10>3.0.CO;2-5 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 252FB UT WOS:000083490500010 ER PT J AU Parker, AP Underwood, JH Kendall, DP AF Parker, AP Underwood, JH Kendall, DP TI Bauschinger effect design procedures for autofrettaged tubes including material removal and Sachs' method SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY AUG 01-05, 1999 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID RESIDUAL-STRESSES AB Autofrettage is used to introduce advantageous residual stresses into pressure vessels and to enhance their fatigue lifetimes. The Bauschinger effect serves to reduce the yield strength in compression as a result of prior tensile plastic overload and can produce lower compressive residual hoop stresses near the bore than are predicted by "ideal" autofrettage solutions (elastic/perfectly plastic without Bauschinger effect). A complete analysis procedure is presented which encompasses representation of elastic-plastic uniaxial loading material behavior and of reverse-loading material behavior as a function of plastic strain during loading. Such data are then combined with some yield criterion to accurately predict elastic-plastic residual stress fields within apr autofrettaged thick cylinder. Pressure for subsequent reyielding of the tube is calculated. The numerical procedure is further used to determine residual stress field's after removal of material from inside diameter (i.d.) and/or outside diameter (o.d.), including the effects of any further plasticity. A specific material removal sequence is recommended It is shown that Sachs' experimental method, which involves removing material from the i.d., may very significantly overestimate autofrettage residual stresses near the bore. Stress ranges and stress intensity factors for cracks within such stress fields are calculated together with the associated fatigue lifetimes as such cracks propagate under cyclic pressurization; The loss of fatigue lifetime resulting fr om the Bauschinger effect is shown to be extremely significant. C1 Cranfield Univ, Royal Mil Coll Sci, Ringmer, E Sussex, England. USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Parker, AP (reprint author), Cranfield Univ, Royal Mil Coll Sci, 46 Mill Rd, Ringmer, E Sussex, England. NR 16 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 1999 VL 121 IS 4 BP 430 EP 437 DI 10.1115/1.2883726 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 258UR UT WOS:000083858000014 ER PT J AU Murphy, FT George, R Kubota, K Fears, M Pope, V Howard, RS Dennis, GJ AF Murphy, FT George, R Kubota, K Fears, M Pope, V Howard, RS Dennis, GJ TI The use of Western blotting as the confirmatory test for syphilis in patients with rheumatic disease SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE systemic lupus erythematosus; syphilis; Venereal Disease Research Laboratory; Western blot; fluorescent treponemal antibody test; rapid plasma reagin ID SYSTEMIC LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; ANTICARDIOLIPIN ANTIBODIES; ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES; CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; MEDICAL LITERATURE; REVISED CRITERIA; DIAGNOSTIC-TEST; CLASSIFICATION; ARTICLE; CARDIOLIPIN AB Objective. As a direct or indirect result of antiphospholipid antibody production, subjective laboratory interpretation, and false positive results, the common serologic tests for syphilis have been inherently inaccurate diagnostic tests in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of syphilis testing in patients with SLE and other autoimmune diseases using the treponemal Western blot (TWB) as the gold standard. Methods. A prospective cohort study carried out at a tertiary care medical center. We studied 107 patients with autoimmune disease, 50 with at least one positive serologic test for syphilis and 57 disease matched controls. Prior to enrollment all eligible patients underwent a clinical assessment performed by at least 2 rheumatologists to confirm a diagnosis of rheumatic disease. All subjects underwent serologic testing, in blinded fashion, for syphilis using the rapid plasma reagin test (RPR), Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test (VDRL), fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS), and the TWB. Results, Eighty-seven percent of the patients studied were female, the mean age was 46.5 years, and the most common diagnosis at the time of enrollment was SLE. Using the TWB as the gold standard diagnostic test for syphilis, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values for each syphilis test were calculated, The sensitivity and specificity For the RPR in patients with rheumatic disease was 62.5% (95% confidence interval 24.5 to 91.5%) and 91.9% (95% CI 84.2 to 96.2%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for the VDRL were 37.5% (95% CI 8.5 to 75.5%) and 89.9% (95% CI 81.8 to 94.8%), respectively. Confirmatory syphilis testing using the FTA-ABS showed a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 68.6 to 100%) and a specificity of 67.7% (95% CI 57.4 to 76.5%). Eight patients tested positive for syphilis by Western blotting. For the FTA-ABS test, there was a significantly higher number of false positive results (n = 32) compared to false negative results (n = 0), p < 0.0005. Conclusion. The FTA-ABS is not an accurate confirmatory test for syphilis in patients with SLE and other autoimmune diseases. While a negative FTA-ABS may exclude syphilis infection in the majority of cases, a positive FTA-ABS test result cannot assuredly confirm syphilis infection in this population. Western blotting is an accurate confirmatory test for syphilis and may be necessary to unequivocally discern the immunological response of syphilis from that of an underlying auto-immune disease. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Rheumatol Serv, Div Rheumatol & Clin Immunol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Div Rheumatol & Clin Immunol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Murphy, FT (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Rheumatol Serv, Div Rheumatol & Clin Immunol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 26 IS 11 BP 2448 EP 2453 PG 6 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 252HA UT WOS:000083495000031 PM 10555908 ER PT J AU Price, GR Kalb, JT AF Price, GR Kalb, JT TI Auditory hazard from airbag noise exposure SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID IMPULSE; RECOVERY; MODEL; EAR AB Airbag deployment includes very intense acoustic stimulation, yet almost no tests of auditory hazard have been done with real ears. Therefore 32 anesthetized cats, positioned at the driver and passenger locations in a pickup truck, were exposed in pairs to one airbag deployment (electrically initiated). Hearing was tested at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 kHz by evoked-response audiometry just before exposure, immediately after and at 1 month and 6 months. Exposure Conditions included doors open, compartment closed, and closed compartment sealed with tape: seven exposures to passenger bag only-and nine to driver and passenger bags. Peak pressures ranged from 167 to 173 dB with unweighted energies as high as 4000 J/m(2) (or 8 hr L-EQA=95.5 dB). The immediate threshold shift averaged 60 dB at 4.0 Wt that resolved to an, average permanent shift of 37 dB. By extrapolation, these data from cats may indicate that susceptible human ears risk permanent hearing loss from airbag noise. [S0001-4966(99)0571-2]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Price, GR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 106 IS 5 BP 2629 EP 2637 DI 10.1121/1.428092 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 257MN UT WOS:000083785800031 PM 10573883 ER PT J AU Young, PC Turiansky, GW Bonner, MW Benson, PM AF Young, PC Turiansky, GW Bonner, MW Benson, PM TI Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis induced by chromium picolinate SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BODY-COMPOSITION; SUPPLEMENTATION; STRENGTH AB A case of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) due to chromium picolinate is described. This supplemental form of chromium has received a great deal of interest recently because of its possible beneficial effects on both muscle strength and body composition. There have been no previous reports to our knowledge of adverse cutaneous reactions to this agent. Various aspects of AGEP are reviewed. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Dermatol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Young, PC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Dermatol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 19 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 41 IS 5 SU S BP 820 EP 823 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(99)70333-6 PN 2 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 250WL UT WOS:000083412200002 PM 10534658 ER PT J AU Cline, AD Wong, M AF Cline, AD Wong, M TI New frontiers in using telemedicine for nutrition intervention SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RURAL AMERICA; HEALTH; PROJECT C1 Univ No Colorado, Dept Community Hlth & Nutr, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. New England Med Ctr, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Nutr Care Div, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Cline, AD (reprint author), Univ No Colorado, Dept Community Hlth & Nutr, 501 20th St, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 99 IS 11 BP 1442 EP 1443 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(99)00349-1 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 257CU UT WOS:000083765300027 PM 10570684 ER PT J AU Ding, SP Xu, K Zhang, SS Jow, TR Amine, K Henriksen, GL AF Ding, SP Xu, K Zhang, SS Jow, TR Amine, K Henriksen, GL TI Diminution of supercooling of electrolytes by carbon particles SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB We studied the supercooling behavior of a number of solutions of LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate-ethyl methyl carbonate in 1:1 weight ratio with and without the presence of one of these carbons: activated carbon, carbon black, and mesocarbon microbeads. The results of our experiments of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) show that the supercooling of less concentrated solutions is significantly diminished by the presence of a carbon, the degree and the nature of which depends on the concentration of the electrolyte and the type of carbon present. The results of our conductivity measurement also indicate precipitation in some of the electrolytes at low temperatures, which correlates well with the DSC results. We therefore conclude that the temperature range in which an electrolyte supercools without a nucleating material is unreliable for the operation of an electrochemical device containing such an electrolyte. Instead, the liquidus temperature of an electrolyte should be used as the lower limit of operation if the possibility of its crystallization is to be excluded. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)03-011-6. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ding, SP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110; NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 146 IS 11 BP 3974 EP 3980 DI 10.1149/1.1392579 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 253HT UT WOS:000083551500006 ER PT J AU Xu, K Ding, SP Jow, TR AF Xu, K Ding, SP Jow, TR TI Toward reliable values of electrochemical stability limits for electrolytes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITORS; ANODIC STABILITY; SOLVENT; CARBONATE; CELLS; SALTS AB We scrutinized the conventional practice of measuring an electrolyte stability window. It is shown that misleading values might be generated by this practice. Thus, we recommend that to obtain a real stability window, the working electrode material should simulate the electrodes used in a real device. Further, in applications that have a high-surface-area electrode, a new quantification of a stability window is proposed. The electrochemical stability values of various nonaqueous electrolytes that are derived this way should reflect the actual operation limits of these electrolytes in real-life devices. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)01 -068-X. All rights reserved. C1 Army Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Xu, K (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Xu, Kang/C-6054-2013 NR 31 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 5 U2 42 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 146 IS 11 BP 4172 EP 4178 DI 10.1149/1.1392609 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 253HT UT WOS:000083551500036 ER PT J AU Hill, SC Nachman, P Arnold, S Ramsey, TM Barnes, MD AF Hill, SC Nachman, P Arnold, S Ramsey, TM Barnes, MD TI Fluorescence image of a single molecule in a microsphere: model SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS-EMISSION RATES; SPHERICAL MICROCAVITIES; INTERNAL CIRCULATION; AEROSOL-PARTICLE; EXCITATION; RESONANCE; DROPLETS; BEAM; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING AB We model fluorescence images of single molecules in spherical dielectric microcavities. Molecules are treated as time-harmonic dipoles. Images are integrated over emission frequencies. Because of the strong refractive properties of the enclosing sphere, the fluorescence image depends on the refractive index of the sphere and the position, the orientation, and the emission frequency of the molecule. When the dipole's emission is at the frequency of a microsphere resonance, the brightest regions in the images appear to originate from outside the sphere for some dipole positions. This type of calculation should help in interpreting images of molecules in microspheres. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3224(99)03911-9]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. TRW Inc, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. Polytech Univ, Microparticle Photophys Lab, Brooklyn, NY 11021 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hill, SC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1868 EP 1873 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.16.001868 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 252TV UT WOS:000083519100004 ER PT J AU Freeman, RB Kuo, CY AF Freeman, RB Kuo, CY TI Quality control for natural sand content of asphalt concrete SO JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Excessive natural sand contents can increase the susceptibility of asphalt concrete to permanent deformation-type distresses. For this reason, pavement construction specifications usually include a limit for the proportion of natural sand that can be included in an aggregate blend. Although proportions of natural sand are controlled during the development of asphalt mixture designs, direct methods for monitoring natural sand contents are typically not included as part of construction quality control plans. The packing density of free-fallen aggregates, which can provide an indirect measure of particle angularity and surface texture, shows promise as a tool for monitoring natural sand content in aggregate blends. In the laboratory study presented in this paper, the free-fallen packing densities of aggregates extracted from;asphalt concrete permitted predictions of natural sand contents to within approximately 5%. When used as a quality control tool in this study, these packing density measurements effectively identified changes in the natural sand content of asphalt concrete. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39280 USA. RP Freeman, RB (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39280 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-947X J9 J TRANSP ENG-ASCE JI J. Transp. Eng.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 125 IS 6 BP 539 EP 546 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(1999)125:6(539) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 248EN UT WOS:000083262400010 ER PT J AU Schaber, JD Paquette, EL Peppas, DS Preston, DM Zorn, BH AF Schaber, JD Paquette, EL Peppas, DS Preston, DM Zorn, BH TI Endoscopic retrieval of a proximal corpus cavernosum polytetrafluoroethylene sleeve during explantation of an infected penile prosthesis SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE penis; prostheses and implants; infection; endoscopy C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Schaber, JD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 162 IS 5 BP 1691 EP 1691 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)68204-3 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 243MQ UT WOS:000083002200040 PM 10524905 ER PT J AU Cornum, R Bell, J Gresham, V Brinkley, W Beall, D MacPhee, M AF Cornum, R Bell, J Gresham, V Brinkley, W Beall, D MacPhee, M TI Intraoperative use of the absorbable fibrin adhesive bandage: Long term effects SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hemorrhage control; fibrin adhesive; prostatectomy; dog ID GLUE; TRAUMA; HEMORRHAGE; SEALANT; WOUNDS AB Purpose: The absorbable fibrin adhesive bandage (AFAB) reduces acute blood loss in experimental trauma models, but the effects on wound healing and subsequent function have heretofore not been investigated. Retropubic prostatectomy was selected to evaluate short and long term effects of using the AFAB intraoperatively. Materials and Methods: Dogs undergoing prostatectomy were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: CONTROL- sponges and manual pressure were applied after transecting the prostatic pedicles. Sponges were removed when the prostate was delivered. Vessels were isolated and ligated if bleeding continued after removal. AFAB- hemostatically active bandages were applied to the prostatic bed prior to sponges and pressure. Additional bandages were applied at the urethrovesical junction after completing the anastomosis. PLACEBO- visually identical (hemostatically inert) bandages were applied in an identical fashion. LIQUID SEALANT- concentrated thrombin and fibrinogen solution was applied to the vessels prior to sponges and pressure. Additional sealant solution was applied around the anastomosis. Results: Blood loss and time to achieve hemostasis were significantly less in the AFAB group compared with the other treatments. There were no differences in days to anastomotic integrity, continence, or inta-abdominal adhesions at necropsy six weeks later. Conclusions: The AFAB can reduce surgery time and blood loss, with no decrement in wound healing or subsequent function. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Cornum, R (reprint author), Dwight David Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Div Urol, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 23 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 162 IS 5 BP 1817 EP 1820 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)68244-4 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 243MQ UT WOS:000083002200083 PM 10524941 ER PT J AU Stansbury, J Bogardi, I Stakhiv, EZ AF Stansbury, J Bogardi, I Stakhiv, EZ TI Risk-cost optimization under uncertainty for dredged material disposal SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID FUZZY AB Disposal of contaminated dredged material may pose risks to ecological and human populations. These risks are highly uncertain. Measures to confine the dredged material and reduce these risks are likely to increase disposal costs. Risk and cost assessments for dredged material management alternatives often are associated with very large uncertainties. These uncertainties must be explicitly incorporated into risk-cost analysis to ensure that appropriate management alternatives are selected. However, considering these uncertainties may cause difficulties in decision making by making management alternatives effectively indistinguishable. A risk-cost analysis methodology that evaluates uncertainty directly in the decision framework is developed. A multicriteria decision-making method that incorporates uncertainties using fuzzy set theory, is proposed to trade-off risks and costs (including uncertainties) so that disposal alternatives can be compared and selected. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Civil Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Stansbury, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Civil Engn, W348 Nebraska Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 125 IS 6 BP 342 EP 351 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1999)125:6(342) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 248MH UT WOS:000083278600005 ER PT J AU Larson, M Hanson, H Kraus, NC Newe, J AF Larson, M Hanson, H Kraus, NC Newe, J TI Short- and long-term responses of beach fills determined by EOF analysis SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Topographic data from three different beach nourishment projects were analyzed using empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) to determine the response of the fills at different time and space scales. The studied nourishments were undertaken at Ocean City, Md., Silver Strand, Calif., and Sylt, Germany, encompassing different nourishment schemes, forcing conditions, and general beach properties. Time series of measured beach topographies were used as input data in the EOF analysis, which produced maps describing the dominant spatial patterns in the data. These patterns displayed the effect of the fills, severe storms, and natural morphological features such as shore-attached shoals and rhythmic features. The evolution in time of the eigenvectors showed that the perturbation of the natural conditions typically caused by a fill disappears after about 1 year, provided that the material is available for cross-shore adjustment by the normal wave climate. If the fill material is placed high up on the beach, a series of severe storms may be needed to adjust the topography back to its natural state. C1 Univ Lund, Dept Water Resour Engn, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. USA, Corps Engineers, Coast & Hydr Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Tech Univ Braunschweig, Leichtweiss Inst, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Larson, M (reprint author), Univ Lund, Dept Water Resour Engn, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 125 IS 6 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1999)125:6(285) PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 246HV UT WOS:000083159100002 ER PT J AU Rosen, LN Wright, K Marlowe, D Bartone, P Gifford, RK AF Rosen, LN Wright, K Marlowe, D Bartone, P Gifford, RK TI Gender differences in subjective distress attributable to anticipation of combat among US Army soldiers deployed to the Persian Gulf during Operation Desert Storm SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; HEALTH; HARDINESS AB This study compares perceptions of stress, cohesion, and psychological well-being among 856 male soldiers and 169 female soldiers from combat support and combat service support units deployed to the Persian Gulf during Operation Desert Storm. Three different types of stressors were measured: anticipation of combat, operational stress, and personal stress. Female soldiers scored higher than male soldiers on all three measures of stress but scored lower than males on horizontal and vertical cohesion. In a stepwise discriminant function analysis, anticipation of combat was the most significant discriminator between the genders, followed by horizontal cohesion. Anticipation of combat was a significant predictor of increased psychological symptoms for both genders, but it had a greater effect on the psychological symptoms of female soldiers compared with male soldiers. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neuropsychiat, MCNC, UWI A, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Rosen, LN (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neuropsychiat, MCNC, UWI A, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Bartone, Paul/0000-0002-5767-0086 NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 164 IS 11 BP 753 EP 757 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 255QK UT WOS:000083680900003 PM 10578583 ER PT J AU Adler, AB Bartone, PT AF Adler, AB Bartone, PT TI International survey of military mental health professionals SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB This paper reports on data from a survey of international military mental health professionals. In a series of open-ended questions, respondents were asked to describe their country in terms of the held of military psychology, the role of mental health professionals on deployment, the degree to which the field of mental health is accepted in the military, and their contact with their international counterparts. The survey was mailed to 44 different countries from July 1995 through July 1996. The data are based on 30 individual responses from 23 different countries. Cultural differences included the role of psychologists in the military and on deployment, the degree of professional isolation, and specific services provided by psychologists. Cultural similarities included the ambivalent response to the mental health field by military leaders, the use of psychology as a prevention tool, and the degree of interest in international contact and exchange. The discussion focuses on three obstacles to the acceptance of the mental health field and possible avenues for greater exchange of information among military professionals working in psychology-related fields. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, USA, Med Res Unit Europe, Heidelberg, Germany. RP Adler, AB (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, USA, Med Res Unit Europe, Heidelberg, Germany. OI Bartone, Paul/0000-0002-5767-0086 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 164 IS 11 BP 788 EP 792 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 255QK UT WOS:000083680900010 PM 10578590 ER PT J AU Schaefer, RA Bellafiore, VA Corzatt, RD AF Schaefer, RA Bellafiore, VA Corzatt, RD TI Irreducible dislocation of the knee SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Irreducible knee dislocation is a rare injury. This case report describes a knee dislocation in a 39-year-old male U.S. Army noncommissioned officer who was injured while playing in a softball game. Arthroscopy showed the medial collateral ligament and capsule to be locked in the intercondylar notch, covering the medial femoral condyle. Arthrotomy and open reduction were required, staged posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using patellar tendon autograft was later performed, Review of the magnetic resonance imaging scan showed the irreducible lesion. The diagnostic clinical and radiographic features of this unusual injury are described. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthoped Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Schaefer, RA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthoped Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 164 IS 11 BP 827 EP 829 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 255QK UT WOS:000083680900018 PM 10578598 ER PT J AU Werrlein, RJ Madren-Whalley, JS AF Werrlein, RJ Madren-Whalley, JS TI Imaging sulfur mustard lesions in basal cells and human epidermal tissues by confocal and multi-photon laser scanning microscopy. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1999 VL 10 SU S MA 52 BP 10A EP 10A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 255MW UT WOS:000083673500053 ER PT J AU Hudson, TH AF Hudson, TH TI A rapid in vitro procedure for preliminary assessment of mammalian cell toxicity in compounds identified as promising anti-malarials. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1999 VL 10 SU S MA 1060 BP 183A EP 183A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 255MW UT WOS:000083673501060 ER PT J AU Kiang, JG Gist, ID Tsokos, GC AF Kiang, JG Gist, ID Tsokos, GC TI Constitutive nitric oxide synthase inhibitor enhances the heat stress-induced increases in [Ca2+](i) in human Jurkat cells via inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of constitutive nitric oxide synthase. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1999 VL 10 SU S MA 2617 BP 452A EP 452A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 255MW UT WOS:000083673502616 ER PT J AU Militello, A Kraus, NC AF Militello, A Kraus, NC TI An individual-component approximation to quadratic stress for flow-decomposition analysis SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE bottom stress; tidal components; tide; flow decomposition; quadratic stress ID FRICTION; TIDES; SEA AB An individual-component approximation (ICA) to the one-dimensional quadratic stress is presented for analysis of hydrodynamic systems that contain multiple-frequency fluid motion such as tidal current and nearshore currents. Criteria governing development of the approximation are accuracy, symmetry, and preservation of contributions (magnitude and direction) of individual and coupled velocity components. Preservation of directionality is required to isolate functioning of individual terms for flow-decomposition analysis. The ICA is compared with the small-amplitude approximation analytically and through numerical examination for two velocity components. The two approximations differ at second order within the range of validity of the small-amplitude approximation. The ICA is exact in the limits of components with large magnitudes and components of equal magnitudes. Based on calculations comparing the exact numerical solution for velocity components with a wide range of relative magnitudes, relative periods, and phase differences, the ICA is accurate except in restricted regions of small-magnitude quadratic velocity. The ICA is generalized to multiple components without restriction on magnitude, period, or phase, and example calculations are given for flows comprised of three components and six components. The method is applied to velocity tidal constituents for Galveston Bay, Texas, and Tampa Bay, Florida. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Militello, A (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1039 EP 1055 DI 10.1016/S0029-8018(98)00070-5 PG 17 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 212DW UT WOS:000081202500002 ER PT J AU Fonseca, DM AF Fonseca, DM TI Fluid-mediated dispersal in streams: models of settlement from the drift SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE stream drift; settlement constraints; predictive models; current speed; simuliidae ID BLACK FLIES DIPTERA; SUPPLY-SIDE ECOLOGY; CURRENT VELOCITY; LARVAL SETTLEMENT; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; INGESTION RATES; MARINE; SIMULIIDAE; FLOW; INVERTEBRATES AB I propose proximal mechanisms that help explain, unify, and expand the predictions of widely accepted empirical models of settlement in streams. I separated the process that leads to settlement of a drifting particle into three stages: (1) initial contact with a substrate, (2) attachment, and (3) settlement sensu stricto. I used physical principles (height above the bed, sinking rate, current speed profile) to predict time until contact (stage 1). I compared these predictions with empirical measurements of settlement of individual black fly larvae (Simulium vittatum) in a laboratory flume. I developed models from empirical data for stages 2 and 3. Each of these models is individual-based and predicts the fate of a single individual. To obtain a population level prediction, models for the three stages were combined and used to simulate the settlement of a group of black fly larvae. The predictions of this simulation were qualitatively similar to population level data from the literature particularly after the incorporation of channel-wide spatial heterogeneity in current speed. The effect of flow heterogeneity on the model agrees with previous work on the lateral transport of stream invertebrates during drift events showing that many organisms settle preferentially in slower areas. By using proximal principles, the approach used in this study brings into focus basic parameters and processes that influence settlement at the scale of the organisms. It also provides a null hypothesis against which to study the effect of local flow heterogeneity on the settlement of stream invertebrates and the capacity of organisms to actively influence settlement. Water currents in streams and rivers commonly transport large numbers of organisms. Consequently, hydrodynamic factors that favor or hamper the settlement of these organisms can potentially influence distributions and abundance. Moreover, if settlement probabilities vary with flow characteristics, this can in turn influence foraging strategies that rely on fluid-mediated dispersal. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Museum Support Ctr, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, MRC 534, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Fonseca, DM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Fonseca, Dina/B-9951-2011 OI Fonseca, Dina/0000-0003-4726-7100 NR 58 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD NOV PY 1999 VL 121 IS 2 BP 212 EP 223 DI 10.1007/s004420050923 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 258NY UT WOS:000083846300008 PM 28308561 ER PT J AU de la Pena, JL Saiz, JM Videen, G Gonzalez, F Valle, PJ Moreno, F AF de la Pena, JL Saiz, JM Videen, G Gonzalez, F Valle, PJ Moreno, F TI Scattering from particles on surfaces: visibility factor and polydispersity SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; PARTICULATE SURFACES; SPHERES AB We have developed an experimental method based on the visibility factor of light-scattering minima to obtain size-polydispersity information from contaminants upon a flat substrate. We verify the method by using double-interaction-model calculations and use this technique to examine experimentally the radial variation of a micrometer-sized fiber and the size polydispersity of spherical particles upon a substrate. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Cantabria, Dept Fis Aplicada, Grp Opt, E-39005 Santander, Spain. USA, Res Lab, AMSRLIS EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP de la Pena, JL (reprint author), Univ Cantabria, Dept Fis Aplicada, Grp Opt, E-39005 Santander, Spain. RI Valle, Pedro/H-2630-2015; OI Valle, Pedro/0000-0001-6979-1267; SAIZ, JOSE MARIA/0000-0003-3713-9877 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 24 IS 21 BP 1451 EP 1453 DI 10.1364/OL.24.001451 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 254EB UT WOS:000083598000003 PM 18079829 ER PT J AU Hoover, NG Callahan, CW AF Hoover, NG Callahan, CW TI To the editor: Reduced asthma morbidity following pediatric pulmonary consultation SO PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Callahan, CW (reprint author), 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 8755-6863 J9 PEDIATR PULM JI Pediatr. Pulmonol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 28 IS 5 BP 383 EP 383 PG 1 WC Pediatrics; Respiratory System SC Pediatrics; Respiratory System GA 253JX UT WOS:000083554400012 PM 10536071 ER PT J AU Rooks, VJ Burton, BS Catalan, JN Syms, MJ AF Rooks, VJ Burton, BS Catalan, JN Syms, MJ TI Kawasaki disease presenting as a retropharyngeal phlegmon SO PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Childrens Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Rooks, VJ (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Dept Radiol, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0301-0449 J9 PEDIATR RADIOL JI Pediatr. Radiol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 29 IS 11 BP 875 EP 876 DI 10.1007/s002470050717 PG 2 WC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 253BT UT WOS:000083537300019 PM 10552073 ER PT J AU Jiang, XD Li, SS Tidrow, MZ AF Jiang, XD Li, SS Tidrow, MZ TI Study of intersubband transition in quantum dots and quantum dot infrared photodetectors SO PHYSICA E LA English DT Article DE quantum dots; intersubband optical transition; infrared photodetector; QDIP ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CELLULAR-AUTOMATA; FABRICATION; GROWTH; SUPERLATTICE; ABSORPTION; SURFACES; EMISSION; SILICON; ISLANDS AB In this paper the intersubband optical transitions in quantum dots are studied. Theoretical calculations of peak wavelengths and oscillator strengths of the transitions from the bound to first and second excited states were made for the InxGa1-xAs/GaAs and InAs/AlxGa1-xAs systems. The results show that transition from the ground to the first excited state in the growth-direction polarization has the largest absorption. The results of our calculations were found to be in good agreement with the observed peak detection wavelengths of the quantum dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs). The application of quantum dots structures for the mid- and long-wavelength infrared detection is also discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Li, SS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 38 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD NOV PY 1999 VL 5 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(99)00026-0 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 266CQ UT WOS:000084283400004 ER PT J AU Jimenez, CE AF Jimenez, CE TI Advantages of diagnostic nuclear medicine part 1: Musculoskeletal disorders SO PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE LA English DT Article ID REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY; BONE-SCINTIGRAPHY; FRACTURE; SPECT; PAIN; SCAN; INJURY; TRAUMA; LEG AB Radionuclide scans with improved imaging techniques such as single-photon-emission tomography and three-phase scanning have become safe, well-established, and highly effective diagnostic tools in sports medicine. The greatest strengths of the techniques include providing early physiologic information about injury sites and evaluating large areas or the whole body in a single examination. As described and illustrated here, bone scans are particularly useful for diagnosing such musculoskeletal injuries as stress fractures, avulsion fractures, periostitis, myositis ossificans, and rhabdomyolysis. C1 Primary Care Clin, Ft Buchanan, PR 00934 USA. USA, Med Corps, Ft Buchanan, PR USA. RP Jimenez, CE (reprint author), Primary Care Clin, POB 34000,Bldg 21, Ft Buchanan, PR 00934 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0091-3847 J9 PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED JI Physician Sportsmed. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 27 IS 12 BP 44 EP + PG 11 WC Primary Health Care; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 253FK UT WOS:000083545700012 PM 20086684 ER PT J AU Lumley, LA Sipos, ML Charles, RC Charles, RF Meyerhoff, JL AF Lumley, LA Sipos, ML Charles, RC Charles, RF Meyerhoff, JL TI Social stress effects on territorial marking and ultrasonic vocalizations in mice SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE stress; social stress; mice; territorial urine marking; ultrasonic vocalizations; defeat; urine; territorial behavior ID MALE-TYPICAL BEHAVIORS; PLASMA TESTOSTERONE; HOUSE MICE; AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; SERUM TESTOSTERONE; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; SCENT MARKING; MUS-MUSCULUS; BRAIN-STEM; MOUSE AB Acute social defeat (SD) leads to transient and persistent physiological and behavioral changes. We examined the effects of acute SD on territorial urine marking and ultrasonic courtship vocalizations in DBA/2 male mice. Both behaviors are considered androgen dependent and are influenced by social status, with dominant mice displaying more of both behaviors. In Experiment 1, male mice that received SD displayed prolonged inhibition of territorial urine marking, relative to nondefeated control mice (NOSD). In addition, territorial marking increased with repeated tests. In Experiment 2, male mice that received 3 successive days of SD displayed fewer ultrasonic courtship vocalizations at 30 min, post-SD1 and 30 min. post-SD2, relative to NOSD mice. In Experiment 2, we also observed decreased territorial marking 4 weeks post-SD. In sum, SD induced prolonged inhibition of territorial marking, but had only transient effects on ultrasonic courtship vocalizations, suggesting that different mechanisms may mediate the maintenance of these behaviors. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Lumley, LA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Bldg 40, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 62 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 67 IS 5 BP 769 EP 775 DI 10.1016/S0031-9384(99)00131-6 PG 7 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 262BK UT WOS:000084045700019 PM 10604849 ER PT J AU Tchuendem, MHK Mbah, JA Tsopmo, A Ayafor, JF Sterner, O Okunjic, CC Iwu, MM Schuster, BM AF Tchuendem, MHK Mbah, JA Tsopmo, A Ayafor, JF Sterner, O Okunjic, CC Iwu, MM Schuster, BM TI Anti-plasmodial sesquiterpenoids from the African Reneilmia cincinnata SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Reneilmia cincinnata; Zingiberaceae; isodaucane; germacrene; eudesmane; flavonoid; antiplasmodial activity ID NATURAL-PRODUCTS AB A new isodaucane sesquiterpenoid, 6,7,10-trihydoxyisodaucane, was isolated from the fruits of Reneilmia cincinnata, together with the known sesquiterpenoids oplodiol, oplopanone, 5E,10(14)-germacradien-1 beta,4 beta-diol, 1(10)E,5E-germacradien-4 alpha-ol and eudesman-1,4,7-triol. A large amount of 5-hydroxy-3,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone was also isolated. Their structures were established by NMR techniques using 1D and 2D experiments. Three of the known sesquirernenoids exhibited noteworthy anti-plasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum strains. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lund Inst Technol, Div Organ Chem 2, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Dschang, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Dschang, Cameroon. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Sterner, O (reprint author), Lund Inst Technol, Div Organ Chem 2, Box 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. NR 16 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD NOV PY 1999 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1095 EP 1099 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00344-1 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 272RN UT WOS:000084664900020 PM 10643672 ER PT J AU Ratto, JA Stenhouse, PJ Auerbach, M Mitchell, J Farrell, R AF Ratto, JA Stenhouse, PJ Auerbach, M Mitchell, J Farrell, R TI Processing, performance and biodegradability of a thermoplastic aliphatic polyester/starch system SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE biodegradable film; starch; polybutylene succinate ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; POLY(ETHYLENE-CO-ACRYLIC ACID); POLYVINYL-ALCOHOL; STARCH; BLENDS; POLYETHYLENE; COMPOSITES; FILMS; PLASTICS; BIONOLLE AB Composites of a biodegradable thermoplastic aliphatic polyester, polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA), with granular corn starch were investigated for processability, mechanical and thermal properties, and biodegradability. The PBSA/starch films were prepared with starch contents of 5%-30% by weight and processed by blown film extrusion. Increasing the starch content led to an increase in modulus and decreases in tensile strength, elongation to break and toughness. The rate of biodegradation in soil, as measured by respirometry, increased significantly as the starch content was increased to 20% and then plateaued. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the starch granules were embedded in the continuous-phase PBSA and that starch promotes the biodegradation of PBSA. Gel permeation chromatography indicated a molecular weight decrease for the PBSA after soil exposure and confirmed that biodegradation was enhanced by the presence of starch. The results demonstrated that the biodegradable PBSA/starch system has mechanical properties useful for blown film applications. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Soldier Syst Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Natl Sci Fdn, Biodegradable Polymer Res Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Ratto, JA (reprint author), USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Soldier Syst Command, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM jratto@natick-amed02.army.mil NR 39 TC 136 Z9 151 U1 9 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD NOV PY 1999 VL 40 IS 24 BP 6777 EP 6788 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(99)00014-2 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 230UA UT WOS:000082267700015 ER PT J AU Wong, PWK Kadakia, S AF Wong, PWK Kadakia, S TI How to deal with chronic constipation - A stepwise method of establishing and treating the source of the problem SO POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BIOFEEDBACK; DEFECATION AB Chronic constipation is a common medical complaint encountered often in a primary care setting. Most patients can be treated successfully with simple measures, including education, bowel habit training, increased fluid and fiber intake, and use of laxatives. Chronic constipation is usually considered idiopathic, but secondary causes should be excluded. In about 1% of patients with severe, intractable constipation, further diagnostic testing (eg, endoscopy, colonic transit study) is needed. Patients with colonic inertia can be treated with judicious use of laxatives, but surgery may be necessary in a few cases. Patients with outlet inertia should be referred for biofeedback treatment. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Gastroenterol Serv, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. RP Wong, PWK (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Gastroenterol Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0032-5481 J9 POSTGRAD MED JI Postgrad. Med. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 106 IS 6 BP 199 EP + PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 255ZB UT WOS:000083699100021 PM 10576011 ER PT J AU Lane, MJ Liu, DM Huynh, MD Jeffrey, RB Mindelzun, RE Katz, DS AF Lane, MJ Liu, DM Huynh, MD Jeffrey, RB Mindelzun, RE Katz, DS TI Suspected acute appendicitis: Nonenhanced helical CT in 300 consecutive patients SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abdomen, acute conditions; abdomen, CT; appendicitis; computed tomography (CT), helical ID ACUTE FLANK PAIN; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; UNENHANCED CT; DIAGNOSIS; DIVERTICULITIS; APPEARANCE; SIGNS AB PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of helical computed tomography (CT) without the oral, intravenous, or rectal administration of contrast material in confirming suspected acute appendicitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred consecutive patients referred from the departments of surgery and emergency medicine were examined for suspected acute appendicitis by using thin-section nonenhanced helical CT. All transverse CT scans were obtained in a single breath hold from the upper abdomen (T12 vertebra) to the pubic symphysis with 5-mm collimation and a pitch of 1.6. All scans were obtained without oral, intravenous, or rectal contrast material. Criteria for diagnosis of acute appendicitis included an enlarged appendix (>6 mm) and periappendiceal inflammation. CT diagnoses were recorded prospectively. Final diagnoses were established with the results of surgical or clinical follow-up or both. RESULTS: There were 110 true-positive diagnoses, 181 true-negative diagnoses (63 of which were an alternative diagnosis correctly established prospectively), five false-negative diagnoses, and four false-positive diagnoses, which yielded a sensitivity of 96%, a specificity of 99%, and an accuracy of 97%. CONCLUSION: Nonenhanced helical CT is a highly accurate technique for diagnosing or excluding acute appendicitis. Developing experience with the technique and understanding the subtleties of interpretation can further improve diagnostic accuracy. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Radiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Radiol, Victoria, BC, Canada. Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. RP Lane, MJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 32 TC 172 Z9 191 U1 0 U2 1 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PI EASTON PA 20TH AND NORTHAMPTON STS, EASTON, PA 18042 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD NOV PY 1999 VL 213 IS 2 BP 341 EP 346 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 249AE UT WOS:000083308900005 PM 10551210 ER PT J AU Belden, CJ Mancuso, AA Schmalfuss, IM AF Belden, CJ Mancuso, AA Schmalfuss, IM TI CT features of congenital nasal piriform aperture stenosis: Initial experience SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE computed tomography, in infants and children; infants, newborn, respiratory system; nasopharynx, abnormalities ID AIRWAY-OBSTRUCTION AB PURPOSE: To describe the computed tomographic (CT) measurements and features that enable accurate diagnosis of congenital nasal piriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical and Imaging features of six patients (age range,0-11 months) with CNPAS were retrospectively evaluated and compared with those of 61 control subjects younger than 24 months. RESULTS: The average widths of the piriform aperture in patients aged 0-3, 4-6, and 10-12 months were 4.8, 7.0, and 6.0 mm, respectively, compared with 13.4 (P <.001), 14.9, and 15.6 mm, respectively, in the age-matched control subjects. The average areas of the piriform aperture in patients in the three age groups measured 0.24, 0.46, and 0.36 cm(2), respectively, compared with 0.67 (P <.001), 0.86, and 1.11 cm(2), respectively, in the age-matched control subjects. The width of the nasal cavity in patients with CNPAS was in the less than 5th percentile compared with that in the control subjects. Abnormal dentition and a midline bone ridge projecting from the inferior palate were present in all six patients. CONCLUSION: CT measurement of the piriform aperture width is a simple and accurate method for diagnosing CNPAS; a width less than 11 mm in a term infant is considered to be diagnostic. An abnormal dentition and a bone ridge along the underside of the palate are confirmatory imaging findings. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, MCHE DR, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Florida, Shands Teaching Hosp, Div Neuroradiol, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Belden, CJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, MCHE DR, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 10 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PI EASTON PA 20TH AND NORTHAMPTON STS, EASTON, PA 18042 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD NOV PY 1999 VL 213 IS 2 BP 495 EP 501 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 249AE UT WOS:000083308900028 PM 10551232 ER PT J AU Hollowell, GP Kuykendall, LD Gillette, WK Hashem, FM Hou, LH Tatem, HE Dutta, SK AF Hollowell, GP Kuykendall, LD Gillette, WK Hashem, FM Hou, LH Tatem, HE Dutta, SK TI Genetic transfer and expression of plasmid RP4 :: TOL in Sinorhizabium meliloti, Bradyrhizobium japonicum and B-elkanii SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE exconjugant; plasmid RP4 :: TOL; Sinorhizobium sp; BTEX; bioremediation ID RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; TOL PLASMID; NITROGEN-FIXATION; R FACTORS; STRAIN; RECOMBINANTS; RESISTANCE; AERUGINOSA; MT-2 AB Sinorhizobium species generally obviate the need for nitrogen fertilizer since they supply their legume hosts with biological fixed nitrogen, Our working hypothesis is that Sinorhizobium species can perhaps be genetically modified to perform rhizosphere-stimulated bioremediation, Plasmid RP4::TOL has gene clusters encoding the metabolic pathways for benzene, toluene and xylene degradation. Originally from Pseudomonas, this plasmid, in Escherichia coli C600, was successfully transferred to symbiotically elite strains of alfalfa-nodulating Sinorhizobium meliloti USDA 1936. Reciprocal crosses with E, coli RR28, followed by analysis of DNA by restriction enzymes verified S, meliloti USDA 1936 (RP4::TOL) exconjugant, Reciprocal crosses involving B, japonicum USDA I-110 (RP4::TOL) exconjugant and B. elkanii USDA 61 (RP4,,TOL) exconjugant as donors with E. coli RR28 as a recipient produced exconjugant bearing derivative plasmids having a major part of the TOL region deleted, Therefore, soybean-nodulating, B, japonicum USDA I-110 and B, elkanii USDA 61, were not suitable hosts for stable maintenance of this plasmid, Colony size of S, meliloti (RP4::TOL) exconjugant and B, elkanii (RP4,,TOL) exconjugant were enhanced by the addition of 1.0 mM meta-toluic acid in minimal salts media. Although in untreated sterile soil, S, meliloti USDA 1936 (RP4,:TOL) exconjugant formed more nodules per plant than S, meliloti USDA 1936, it was determined to be symbiotically a competent in nitrogen fixation, based on plant dry weight and acetylene reduction. In liquid culture 77% reduction in toluate was recorded in 10 d by this exconjugant compared with only 15% reduction by the parent culture, Alfalfa plant tin situ) studies revealed almost 100% reduction in the concentration of 1.0 mM m-toluate by S, meliloti USDA 1936 (RP4:,TOL) exconjugant when tested after 8 weeks compared with 92% by the parent culture. Thus, a symbiotic combination of genetically-modified S. meliloti and the alfalfa plants were shown to have potential usefulness in the bioremediation of toxic hydrocarbons in soil. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20059 USA. ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIDDKD, Mol Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Dutta, SK (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 31 IS 13 BP 1811 EP 1819 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00100-5 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 245HT UT WOS:000083101700007 ER PT J AU Wolfenstine, J AF Wolfenstine, J TI Rate-controlling species for creep of the solid state electrolyte: doped lanthanum gallate SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE lanthanum gallate; creep; diffusion; point defects; Ga vacancies; electrolyte ID OXIDE-ION CONDUCTOR; HIGH-TEMPERATURE CREEP; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; LAGAO3 PEROVSKITE; DIFFUSION; STRONTIUM; MAGNESIUM AB The rate-controlling species for creep of fine-grained doped lanthanum gallate, La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.85Mg0.15O2.825 (LSGM), was determined by comparing: (i) the activation energy for creep with activation energies determined by ionic conductivity, oxygen tracer diffusion and theoretical predictions; (ii) the magnitude of the diffusion coefficient determined from creep data with the self-diffusion coefficients; and (iii) the dependence of the stress on oxygen partial pressure with point defect models. The results suggest that creep of LSGM is controlled by cation vacancies (La or Ga). Based on creep data for other perovskites and theoretical predictions it is likely that the defect which controls creep of LSGM is Ga vacancies. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE DC, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wolfenstine, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE DC, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 24 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 126 IS 3-4 BP 293 EP 298 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(99)00233-7 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 256WV UT WOS:000083750200012 ER PT J AU Lee, SL Cipollo, M Windover, D Richard, C AF Lee, SL Cipollo, M Windover, D Richard, C TI Analysis of magnetron-sputtered tantalum coatings versus electrochemically deposited tantalum from molten salt SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Metallurgical Coating and Thin Films CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Div Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Metallurgy & Thin Films DE cylindrical magnetron sputtering deposition; molten salt deposition; tantalum; thick refractory coatings ID THIN-FILMS; DIFFUSION BARRIER; COPPER; SILICON; TA AB Prototype tantalum coatings, electrochemically deposited from a molten salt onto 20 mm interior bore steel liners, exhibited superior wear and erosion behavior to that of chromium coatings. The liners were subjected to cyclic exposures of high temperature, pressure, and an aggressive chemical environment. X-ray analysis of the coatings revealed a low-hardness, randomly oriented, body-centered cubic, alpha-phase tantalum. Formation of tantalum oxides (predominantly Ta2O5), swaging due to the low-hardness of the coatings, a 2 mu m layer consisting of tantalum and carbon at the tantalum-steel interface, and surface compressive residual stresses were observed. Cylindrical magnetron sputtering systems were constructed to coat 45 mm interior bore steel cylinders to protect from wear and erosion. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, photomicrography, and hardness analysis of several sputter-deposited tantalum specimens revealed coatings consisting of soft body-centered cubic alpha-phase and hard tetragonal beta-phase tantalum. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Arament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Lee, SL (reprint author), USA, Arament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. EM sabrilee@pica.army.mil NR 30 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 120 BP 44 EP 52 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00337-0 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 262ED UT WOS:000084051900008 ER PT J AU Cockerham, KP Cockerham, GC Stutzman, R Hidayat, AA Depper, MH Turbin, RE Kennerdell, JS AF Cockerham, KP Cockerham, GC Stutzman, R Hidayat, AA Depper, MH Turbin, RE Kennerdell, JS TI The clinical spectrum of schwannomas presenting with visual dysfunction: A clinicopathologic study of three cases SO SURVEY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE neurilemoma; schwannoma; tumor ID TUMOR; NERVE AB Schwannomas (neurilemomas) are benign tumors that arise from Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. The most commonly involved nerves that cause neuro-ophthalmic manifestations are cranial nerves V and VIII. In this series of three women, schwannomas presented as intraconal masses that mimicked a cavernous hemangioma, a superior orbital mass transgressing the superior orbital fissure, and an expansive frontal lobe mass with clinical symptoms and signs of increased intracranial pressure. Although all three complained of visual blur-ring, none of our patients presented with Vth or VIIIth cranial nerve dysfunction. Histopathologic studies demonstrated well-circumscribed, encapsulated spindle-cell lesions with classic Antoni A and B patterns. Histopathologic examination is essential to confirm the diagnosis of a schwannoma that may be otherwise clinically confusing. Direct optic nerve compression, globe indentation with induced hyperopia, or increased intracranial pressure with optic nerve compromise may be responsible for visual symptoms. A multidisciplinary approach is often required because of the size and location of schwannomas. (C) 1999 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Allegheny Gen Hosp, Dept Ophthalmol, Pittsburgh, PA 15212 USA. Ophthalmol Serv, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Ophthalm Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Cockerham, KP (reprint author), Allegheny Ophthalm & Orbital Associates, 420 E North Ave,Suite 116, Pittsburgh, PA 15212 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0039-6257 J9 SURV OPHTHALMOL JI Surv. Ophthalmol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 44 IS 3 BP 226 EP 234 DI 10.1016/S0039-6257(99)00100-9 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 258TJ UT WOS:000083855000003 PM 10588441 ER PT J AU Toussaint, MW Wolfe, MJ Burton, DT Hoffmann, FJ Shedd, TR Gardner, HS AF Toussaint, MW Wolfe, MJ Burton, DT Hoffmann, FJ Shedd, TR Gardner, HS TI Histopathology of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) chronically exposed to a complex environmental mixture SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carcinogenesis; fish; Japanese medaka; liver neoplasms; chemical mixture; groundwater; heavy metals; chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons ID FISH; DIETHYLNITROSAMINE; ASSOCIATION; NEOPLASIA AB Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were used to evaluate the carcinogenicity of a complex groundwater that contained 5 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency priority pollutant heavy metals and 13 chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons. A test protocol that used 10 mg/L diethylnitrosamine (DEM prior to groundwater exposure was designed to assess both initiation and promotion. The fish were exposed continuously for 9 mo with 0, 1, 5, or 25% groundwater, by volume, with either West Branch of Canal Creek water (Aberdeen Proving Ground-Edgewood Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD) or dechlorinated tap water as the diluent, while concurrent controls were run in the laboratory. Incidental findings included various neoplasms in the nares, ovary, skeletal muscle, skin, swim bladder testis, thymus, and thyroid. Factors evaluated during statistical analyses of Fish neoplasm prevalence included diluent type, groundwater percentage, fish gender and DEN initiation. Liver neoplasm prevalence was higher in DEN-initiated fish and was frequently higher in males. Concentrations of up to 25% groundwater, by volume, showed no evidence of being a complete carcinogen and showed no consistent, conclusive evidence of being a promoter. C1 USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Gardner, HS (reprint author), USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, 568 Doughten Dr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGISTS PI MT ROYAL PA 19 MANTUA RD, MT ROYAL, NJ 08061 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 27 IS 6 BP 652 EP 663 DI 10.1177/019262339902700607 PG 12 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 261FF UT WOS:000083998200007 PM 10588546 ER PT J AU Adams, SR Keevin, TM Killgore, KJ Hoover, JJ AF Adams, SR Keevin, TM Killgore, KJ Hoover, JJ TI Stranding potential of young fishes subjected to simulated vessel-induced drawdown SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LARVAL FISHES AB During early life stages, fish in the Mississippi River system may become stranded by shoreline drawdowns induced by the passage of commercial vessels. We examined the stranding of larval shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus, paddlefish Polyodon spathula, and bigmouth buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus and of juvenile blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, and bluegill Lepomis macrochirus in a laboratory flume. Stranding was measured at three vertical drawdown rates (0.76, 0.46, and 0.21 cm/s) and two bank slopes (1:5 and 1:10). Blue catfish, shovelnose sturgeon, and paddlefish were not tested at both bank slopes. Susceptibility to stranding varied among species and was independent of drawdown rate. At a slope of 1:5, shovelnose sturgeons had the highest stranding percentage (66.7%), followed by paddlefish (38.0%), bluegills (20.0%), bigmouth buffalo (2.2%), and largemouth bass (0.0%). At 1:10, blue catfish had the highest stranding percentage (26.7%), followed by largemouth bass (15.3%), bluegills (5.3%), and bigmouth buffalo (0.0%). The likelihood of stranding was related to the behavioral response of fishes to receding water levels. Species that typically occur in littoral and backwater areas swam with the current or passively drifted, whereas the young of main-channel fishes, such as sturgeons and paddlefish, exhibited positive rheotaxis and were more likely to become stranded. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, ER A, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Adams, SR (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 128 IS 6 BP 1230 EP 1234 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<1230:SPOYFS>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 351XD UT WOS:000089184000018 ER PT J AU Taylor, AJ O'Malley, PG AF Taylor, AJ O'Malley, PG TI Detecting coronary calcification with electron beam computed tomography: its role in managing coronary artery disease SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM SCORE; DIAGNOSIS; STENOSIS; SEVERITY; LIFE C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Gen Internal Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Hematol & Vasc Biol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Taylor, AJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARDEN JENNINGS PUBL CO LTD PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA BLAKE CTR, STE 200, 1224 W MAIN ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 171 IS 5-6 BP 338 EP 340 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 267HJ UT WOS:000084352100025 PM 10639871 ER PT J AU Millard, CB Koellner, G Ordentlich, A Shafferman, A Silman, I Sussman, JL AF Millard, CB Koellner, G Ordentlich, A Shafferman, A Silman, I Sussman, JL TI Reaction products of acetylcholinesterase and VX reveal a mobile histidine in the catalytic triad SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHYLATED HUMAN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; HYDROGEN-BOND; ACTIVE-CENTER; MECHANISM; ESTERS; PROTEASE; SITE C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Biol Struct, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Neurobiol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Israel Inst Biol Res, IL-70450 Ness Ziona, Israel. RP Millard, CB (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 18 TC 115 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 27 PY 1999 VL 121 IS 42 BP 9883 EP 9884 DI 10.1021/ja992704i PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 250WZ UT WOS:000083414400017 ER PT J AU Zaghloul, MR Bourham, MA Doster, JM Powell, JD AF Zaghloul, MR Bourham, MA Doster, JM Powell, JD TI On the average electron-ion momentum transport cross-section in ideal and non-ideal plasmas SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE Coulomb logarithm; energy-averaged momentum transport cross-section; ideal and non-ideal plasmas ID CONDUCTIVITY AB The energy-averaged electron-ion (e-i) momentum transport cross-section has been derived analytically and computed numerically. The result shows inaccuracy of the computations and fitting formula given by other authors. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Zaghloul, MR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 6 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD OCT 25 PY 1999 VL 262 IS 1 BP 86 EP 89 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(99)00560-5 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 251ZY UT WOS:000083477300014 ER PT J AU Chanbancherd, P Jugsudee, A Thanomklom, S Limpairojn, N Julananto, P Thienamporn, P Markowitz, LE de Souza, MS Brown, AE AF Chanbancherd, P Jugsudee, A Thanomklom, S Limpairojn, N Julananto, P Thienamporn, P Markowitz, LE de Souza, MS Brown, AE TI Frequency of HIV false positivity from two sequential enzyme immunoassays in 111 639 sera SO AIDS LA English DT Letter C1 Army Inst Pathol, Bangkok, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Chanbancherd, P (reprint author), Army Inst Pathol, Bangkok, Thailand. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT 22 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 15 BP 2182 EP 2183 DI 10.1097/00002030-199910220-00031 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 249KA UT WOS:000083331200031 PM 10546881 ER PT J AU Denti, P Borghese, F Saija, R Iati, MA Sindoni, OI AF Denti, P Borghese, F Saija, R Iati, MA Sindoni, OI TI Optical properties of a dispersion of randomly oriented identical aggregates of spheres deposited on a plane surface SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; LIGHT-SCATTERING; REFLECTING SURFACE; INTERFACE; PARTICLE; BISPHERES; SYSTEMS AB Our previous theory for calculating the scattering pattern from a single aggregate of spheres deposited on a dielectric substrate is extended to deal with a dispersion of identical aggregates onto the substrate with a random distribution of their orientations. To this end the definition of the transition matrix of an aggregate is generalized to take account of the presence of the substrate; then the transformation properties under rotation of the newly defined transition matrix are used to perform analytically the required orientational averages. When the patterns calculated with this theory are compared with the calculations for a single aggregate, it can easily he seen that the features that reveal the anisotropy of the scatterers are not canceled by the averaging procedure. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Messina, Dipartimento Fis Mat & Tecnol Fis Avanzate, I-98166 Messina, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Inita Messina, I-98166 Messina, Italy. Ctr Siciliano Ric Atmosfer & Fis Ambiente, I-98166 Messina, Italy. Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys, Waterloo, ON N2J 1V1, Canada. USA, Ctr Chem Res Dev & Engn, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Denti, P (reprint author), Univ Messina, Dipartimento Fis Mat & Tecnol Fis Avanzate, Salita Sperone 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy. EM borghese@ortica.unime.it OI IATI', MARIA ANTONIA/0000-0002-3576-8656; IATI', MARIA ANTONIA/0000-0003-0467-8049 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 20 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 30 BP 6421 EP 6430 DI 10.1364/AO.38.006421 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 249BA UT WOS:000083311200027 PM 18324172 ER PT J AU Swayambunathan, V Singh, G Sausa, RC AF Swayambunathan, V Singh, G Sausa, RC TI Laser photofragmentation-fragment detection and pyrolysis-laser-induced fluorescence studies on energetic materials SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID CONDENSED-PHASE DECOMPOSITION; ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; EXPLOSIVES DETECTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; GAS-PHASE; 1,3,5-TRINITROHEXAHYDRO-S-TRIAZINE; THERMOLYSIS; RDX AB Trace concentrations of energetic materials such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine (RDX) are detected by laser photofragmentation-fragment detection (PF-FD) spectrometry. In this technique, a single laser operating near 227 nm photofragments the parent molecule and facilitates the detection of the characteristic NO fragment by means of its A (2)Sigma(+)-X (2)Pi (0, 0) transitions near 227 nm. Fragment detection. is accomplished by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization with miniature electrodes and by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) with a photodetector. Experiments are also conducted in the visible region by use of 453.85-nm radiation for photofragmentation and fragment detection. Sand samples contaminated with PETN and RDX are analyzed by a pyrolysis-LIF technique, which involves pyrolysis of the energetic material with subsequent detection of the pyrolysis products NO and NO2 by LIF and PF-LIF, respectively, near 227 nm. The application of these techniques to the trace analysis of TNT, PETN, and RDX at ambient pressure in room air is demonstrated with limits of detection (signal-to-noise ratio, 3) in the low parts-in-10(9) to parts-in-10(6) range for a 20-s integration time and 10-120 mu J of laser energy at 226.8 nm and similar to 5 mJ at 453.85 nm. An increase in detection sensitivity is projected with an increase in laser energy and an improved system design. The analytical merits of these techniques are discussed and compared with those of other laser-based techniques. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM sausa@arl.mil NR 25 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 20 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 30 BP 6447 EP 6454 DI 10.1364/AO.38.006447 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 249BA UT WOS:000083311200030 PM 18324175 ER PT J AU Bradshaw, JL Yang, RQ Bruno, JD Pham, JT Wortman, DE AF Bradshaw, JL Yang, RQ Bruno, JD Pham, JT Wortman, DE TI High-efficiency interband cascade lasers with peak power exceeding 4 W/facet SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID II QUANTUM-WELLS AB Mid-IR (3.8-3.9 mu m) interband cascade lasers based on InAs/GaInSb type-II heterostructures have been demonstrated at temperatures up to 210 K. From several lasers at temperatures above 100 K, we observed a slope greater than 750 mW/A per facet corresponding to a differential external quantum efficiency exceeding 460%. Also, a peak optical output power exceeding 4 W/facet and peak power efficiency of 7% were observed from one laser at 80 K. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)04942-6]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Yang, RQ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Bradshaw, John/E-8330-2011 NR 17 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 18 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 16 BP 2362 EP 2364 DI 10.1063/1.125015 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 245LU UT WOS:000083111100006 ER PT J AU Li, T Beck, AL Collins, C Dupuis, RD Campbell, JC Carrano, JC Schurman, MJ Ferguson, IA AF Li, T Beck, AL Collins, C Dupuis, RD Campbell, JC Carrano, JC Schurman, MJ Ferguson, IA TI Improved ultraviolet quantum efficiency using a semitransparent recessed window AlGaN/GaN heterojunction p-i-n photodiode SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOW-NOISE; PHOTODETECTORS AB We report on the improved quantum efficiency of GaN-based ultraviolet heterojunction photodiodes using a semitransparent recessed window device structure. At a reverse bias of -5 V the quantum efficiency was similar to 57% at the band edge, and remained relatively flat down to similar to 330 nm after which some absorption in the p-AlGaN layer became evident. The quantum efficiency only gradually declines after this point, remaining > 20% at 280 nm. We attribute these results to avoidance of the optical dead space at the surface of GaN homojunction p-i-ns. The semitransparent p-AlGaN layer was comparatively resistive, causing an electric field crowding effect which resulted in a spatially nonuniform temporal behavior. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)01742-8]. C1 Univ Texas, Microstruct Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10096 USA. EMCORE Corp, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. RP Li, T (reprint author), Univ Texas, Microstruct Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. OI Beck, Ariane/0000-0002-8622-8377 NR 11 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 18 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 16 BP 2421 EP 2423 DI 10.1063/1.125034 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 245LU UT WOS:000083111100026 ER PT J AU Katz, E Ma, J Kyle, D Ziffer, H AF Katz, E Ma, J Kyle, D Ziffer, H TI Structure and antimalarial activity of adducts of 11-azaartemisinin with conjugated terminal acetylenes SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID N-SUBSTITUTED 11-AZAARTEMISININS; ARTEMISININ; DERIVATIVES; QINGHAOSU AB Several N-substituted 11-azaartemisinins were prepared from 11-azaartemisinin in high yield by the DMAP catalyzed addition of terminal acetylenes conjugated with electron-withdrawing groups. Their antimalarial activities against two drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum were determined. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIDDK, Chem Phys Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Bioorgan Chem Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Parasitol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Katz, E (reprint author), NIDDK, Chem Phys Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD OCT 18 PY 1999 VL 9 IS 20 BP 2969 EP 2972 DI 10.1016/S0960-894X(99)00506-5 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 247WM UT WOS:000083244000013 PM 10571157 ER PT J AU Hua, DH Chen, Y Sin, HS Robinson, PD Meyers, CY Perchellet, EM Perchellet, JP Chiang, PK Biellmann, JF AF Hua, DH Chen, Y Sin, HS Robinson, PD Meyers, CY Perchellet, EM Perchellet, JP Chiang, PK Biellmann, JF TI 6,7,8,9-Tetrahydro-3-methyl-1H-pyrano[4,3-b]quinolin-1-one SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TRICYCLIC PYRONE ANALOGS; IN-VITRO; MICROTUBULE AB The condensation reaction of 4-amino-6-methyl-2-pyrone with 1-cyclohexenecarboxaldehyde and a catalytic amount of (S)-(+)-10-camphorsulfonic acid in toluene at 358 K gave a 1:2.5 ratio of the title compound, (1) (C13H13NO2), and 7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-1H-pyrano[4,3-c]isoquinoline-l-one, (2). The formation of (2) presumably proceeds through an intermediate imine. Both (1) and (2) show inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase and human aldose reductase. Of the three linear-fused rings of(1), both ring A and ring B are planar and the angle between these planes is 0.46 (13)degrees. While the two C atoms of cyclohexane ring C attached to its common atoms with ring B are in the plane of the latter, as expected, the remaining two C atoms of ring C are out of this plane, by 0.342 (4) and -0.402 (3) Angstrom, respectively. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Geol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Chem, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Strasbourg 1, Fac Chim, F-67008 Strasbourg, France. RP Hua, DH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-2701 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Cryst. Struct. Commun. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 55 BP 1698 EP 1701 DI 10.1107/S0108270199007301 PN 10 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 253UX UT WOS:000083575100038 PM 10573829 ER PT J AU Wongsrichanalai, C Chuanak, N Tulyayon, S Thanoosingha, N Laoboonchai, A Thimasarn, K Brewer, TG Heppner, DG AF Wongsrichanalai, C Chuanak, N Tulyayon, S Thanoosingha, N Laoboonchai, A Thimasarn, K Brewer, TG Heppner, DG TI Comparison of a rapid field immunochromatographic test to expert microscopy for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum asexual parasitemia in Thailand SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg DE diagnosis; giemsa stain; P. falciparum histidine rich protein 2 (PfHRP2); ICT malaria Pf Test (TM) (ICT test); light microscopy; malaria rapid diagnostic device (MRDD); Plasmodium falciparum (Pf); Thailand ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ANTIGEN-CAPTURE ASSAY; PARASIGHT(TM)-F TEST; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; MALARIA DIAGNOSIS; TREATMENT FAILURE; DIPSTICK TEST; INFECTION; PREDICT; PLASMA AB We assessed a rapid, Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein 2 (PfHRP2)-based immunochromatographic test (ICT Malaria Pf Test(TM)), for detection of asexual P. falciparum parasitemia in 551 subjects in three groups: (1) symptomatic patients self-referring for diagnosis, (2) villagers in a screening survey, and (3) patients recently treated for P. falciparum malaria. Expert light microscopy was the reference standard. ICT test performance was similar for diagnostic and screening modes. Four findings emerged: (1) test sensitivity correlated directly with parasite density, (2) test band intensity correlated directly with parasite density, (3) persistent test positivity after parasite clearance precludes its use for monitoring early therapeutic responses, and (4) a false negative test at 18000 parasites/mu l is unexplained. We conclude that a strong positive ICT test is highly predictive of falciparum asexual parasitemia for the diagnosis of new cases of falciparum malaria in Thailand, but a negative test result is inadequate to exclude parasitemia < 300/mu l, and in some instances, even a higher parasitemia. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol & Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Malaria Div, Dept Communicable Dis Control, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Wongsrichanalai, C (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol & Med, 315-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 35 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 73 IS 3 BP 263 EP 273 DI 10.1016/S0001-706X(99)00040-6 PG 11 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 248MN UT WOS:000083279300008 PM 10546844 ER PT J AU Gruber, JB Zandi, B Ferry, M Merkle, LD AF Gruber, JB Zandi, B Ferry, M Merkle, LD TI Spectra and energy levels of trivalent samarium in strontium fluorapatite SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SITE-SELECTIVE EXCITATION; POLARIZED ABSORPTION; LASER; FLUOROPHOSPHATE; SR-5(PO4)(3)F; ERBIUM AB Absorption and fluorescence spectra are reported for Sm3+(4f(5)) as a dopant in crystals of strontium fluorapatite, Sr-5(PO4)(3)F. Spectra were obtained at sample temperatures near 10, 100 K, and room temperature. The absorption spectra covered the wavelength range between 2840 and 520 nm and were analyzed for the detailed crystal-field splitting of the H-6(J), F-6(J), (4)G(4)(5/2), and F-4(3)(3/2) multiplet manifolds of Sm3+(4f(5)). Fluorescence spectra were observed from the (4)G(4)(5/2) to the H-6(5/2) (ground state), H-6(7/2), H-6(9/2), and part of the H-6(11/2) manifolds. The strongest fluorescence is observed to the H-6(9/2) manifold. The distribution of the fluorescence intensities is similar to that observed for the Sm3+-doped glass laser. A detailed crystal-field splitting calculation was carried out for the 14 multiplet manifolds of Sm3+ that are lowest in energy. A rms deviation of 8 cm(-1) was obtained between 49 experimental and calculated energy Stark levels. The calculation also predicts fluorescence branching ratios and the (4)G(4)(5/2) radiative lifetime, in reasonable agreement with our measured values. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)10120-8]. C1 San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi Lab Ctr, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Nat Sci, Houston, TX 77002 USA. RP Gruber, JB (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 8 BP 4377 EP 4382 DI 10.1063/1.371373 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 240TB UT WOS:000082840300045 ER PT J AU Marohn, JA Fainchtein, R Smith, DD AF Marohn, JA Fainchtein, R Smith, DD TI Mechanical modulation of sample magnetization in magnetic resonance force microscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; NORMAL-PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE; CANTILEVER AB We have developed a mechanical method for modulating sample magnetization in magnetic resonance force microscopy experiments. A small-amplitude, low-frequency dithering of a magnetic field gradient source relative to a sample is used to create an oscillating magnetic field at the sample, which leads to a modulation of magnetization in rf-irradiated samples by magnetic resonance. Using this technique in concert with modulating rf power, we have achieved a 10 000x decrease in a sensitivity-limiting spurious response of microcantilevers to rf fields in sample-on-cantilever magnetic resonance force microscopy experiments. This mechanical implementation of "anharmonic modulation" is especially well suited for low power and vacuum applications, and is unique in its ability to modulate sample magnetization in magnet-on-cantilever experiments where the cantilever frequency is found to be a strong function of magnetic field. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)02520-7]. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Marohn, JA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Baker Lab 150, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 8 BP 4619 EP 4625 DI 10.1063/1.371412 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 240TB UT WOS:000082840300084 ER PT J AU Yildirim, T Neumann, DA Trevino, SF Fischer, JE AF Yildirim, T Neumann, DA Trevino, SF Fischer, JE TI Neutron scattering study of Na2C60 in the pressure-temperature plane SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FULLERIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; PHASE; C-60; C60; DYNAMICS; LATTICE; POLYMER AB Na2C60 is the only known fulleride with divalent C-60 and orientational order (Pa (3) over bar symmetry). We investigated the phase behavior of Na2C60 for 0 < P < 4 kbar and 100 K < T < 325 K using neutron scattering. Diffraction data indicate no change from Pa (3) over bar with applied pressure up to 4 kbar at temperatures below 200 K. in this phase, Na2C60 is 37% stiffer than pure C-60 and 41% softer than K3C60 However, for T > 200 K and P > 1 kbar, the structure is transformed into a low-symmetry distorted phase. Here the peaks at low Q are significantly broadened while the high Q peaks are almost completely smeared out. This transformation is reversible; releasing pressure above 200 K recovers the cubic Pa (3) over bar structure. [S0163-1829(99)11539-X]. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 20783 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Res Struct Matter Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Yildirim, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 15 BP 10707 EP 10710 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.10707 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 251CT UT WOS:000083427600038 ER PT J AU Keitel, WA Kester, KE Atmar, RL White, AC Bond, NH Holland, CA Krzych, U Palmer, DR Egan, A Diggs, C Ballou, WR Hall, BF Kaslow, D AF Keitel, WA Kester, KE Atmar, RL White, AC Bond, NH Holland, CA Krzych, U Palmer, DR Egan, A Diggs, C Ballou, WR Hall, BF Kaslow, D TI Phase I trial of two recombinant vaccines containing the 19kd carboxy terminal fragment of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein I (msp-1(19)) and T helper epitopes of tetanus toxoid SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE malaria vaccines; Plasmodium falciparum; merozoite surface protein ID MALARIA VACCINE; CELL EPITOPES; ANTIBODIES; ANTIGEN; IMMUNOGENICITY; LIPOSOMES; RESPONSES; IMMUNITY AB The safety and immunogenicity of 2 yeast-derived, blood-stage malaria vaccines were evaluated in a phase 1 trial. Healthy adults were given 2 or 3 doses of alum-adsorbed vaccine containing the 19 kDa carboxy-terminal fragment of the merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1(19)) derived from the 3D7 or the FVO strain of Plasmodium falciparum fused to tetanus toroid T-helper epitopes P30 and P2. The first 2 doses of MSP-1(19) were well tolerated. Hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 3 subjects after the third dose of MSP-1(19), including bilateral injection site reactions in 2 tone with generalized skin rash), and probable histamine-associated hypotension in 1. Serum antibody responses to MSP-1(19) occurred in 5/16, 9/16 and 0/8 subjects given 20 mu g of MSP-119, 200 mu g of MSP-1(19), and control vaccines (hepatitis B or Td), respectively. Both MSP-1(19) vaccines were immunogenic in humans, but changes in formulation will be necessary to improve safety and immunogenicity profiles. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NIAID, Div Microbial & Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Keitel, WA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011; Holland, Carolyn/B-7880-2011 OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802; FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-25135] NR 25 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 14 PY 1999 VL 18 IS 5-6 BP 531 EP 539 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00221-2 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 250PR UT WOS:000083397200020 PM 10519944 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, E Bamshad, M Sato, N Mummidi, S Dhanda, R Catano, G Cabrera, S McBride, M Cao, XH Merrill, G O'Connell, P Bowden, DW Freedman, BI Anderson, SA Walter, EA Evans, JS Stephan, KT Clark, RA Tyagi, S Ahuja, SS Dolan, MJ Ahuja, SK AF Gonzalez, E Bamshad, M Sato, N Mummidi, S Dhanda, R Catano, G Cabrera, S McBride, M Cao, XH Merrill, G O'Connell, P Bowden, DW Freedman, BI Anderson, SA Walter, EA Evans, JS Stephan, KT Clark, RA Tyagi, S Ahuja, SS Dolan, MJ Ahuja, SK TI Race-specific HIV-1 disease-modifying effects associated with CCR5 haplotypes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR-5; PROGRESSION; GENE; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; VARIANTS; ALLELE; VIRUS; POLYMORPHISMS; MUTATION AB Genetic variation in CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), the major HIV-1 coreceptor, has been shown to influence HIV-1 transmission and disease progression. However, it is generally assumed that the same CCR5 genotype (or haplotype) has similar phenotypic effects in different populations. To test this assumption, we used an evolutionary-based classification of CCR5 haplotypes to determine their associated HIV-1 disease-modifying effects in a large well-characterized racially mixed cohort of HIV-1-seropositive individuals, We demonstrate that the spectrum of CCR5 haplotypes associated with disease acceleration or retardation differs between African Americans and Caucasians. Also, we show that there is a strong interactive effect between CCR5 haplotypes with different evolutionary histories. The striking population-specific phenotypic effects associated with CCR5 haplotypes emphasize the importance of understanding the evolutionary context in which disease susceptibility genes are expressed. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Audie L Murphy Div, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Worldwide Clin Trials, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Publ Hlth Res Inst City New York Inc, Dept Mol Genet, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Ahuja, SK (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RI Mummidi, Srinivas/C-1004-2008 OI Mummidi, Srinivas/0000-0002-4068-6380 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL43521, R01 HL043521]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI43279, AI46326, R01 AI043279, R01 AI046326, R21 AI046326, R37 AI046326] NR 24 TC 183 Z9 188 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 12 PY 1999 VL 96 IS 21 BP 12004 EP 12009 DI 10.1073/pnas.96.21.12004 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 246MD UT WOS:000083166800059 PM 10518566 ER PT J AU Gelmont, BL Woolard, DL AF Gelmont, BL Woolard, DL TI Polar-optical-phonon induced nonlinearity at semiconductor interfaces SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAAS AB The dynamical behavior of GaAs-based Schottky-diode interfaces near the polar-optical-phonon (POP) resonance frequency is addressed. The manifestation of a tetrahertz-regime coupling mechanism between the temporal evolution of the diode barrier and POPs is revealed. Specifically, POPs are shown to perturb the spatial dependence of the displacement field within the depletion region and strongly enhance the nonlinearity associated with diode current. This resonance coupling emerges in the unscreened barrier region and leads to dramatic nonlinear effects on both the resistive (i.e., emission particle transport) and the reactive (displacement transport) physics. This strong and highly localized frequency-space phenomenon has broad implications to all polarsemiconductor-based heterostructure devices that utilize nonlinear electron transport effects. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)04341-7]. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Elect Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. USA, Res Off, Div Elect, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gelmont, BL (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Elect Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 11 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 15 BP 2325 EP 2327 DI 10.1063/1.125004 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 244KK UT WOS:000083050200055 ER PT J AU Eliasson, AH Parker, JM Shorr, AF Babb, KA Harris, R Aaronson, BA Diemer, M AF Eliasson, AH Parker, JM Shorr, AF Babb, KA Harris, R Aaronson, BA Diemer, M TI Impediments to writing do-not-resuscitate orders SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LIFE-SUSTAINING TREATMENTS; ADVANCE DIRECTIVES; CONTROLLED TRIAL; PHYSICIAN; DISCUSSIONS; COMPLETION; THERAPY; TIME AB Background: Physicians are frequently unaware of their patients' desires regarding end-of-life care. Consequently, opportunities to implement do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders are often missed. Objective: To determine the reasons attending physicians do not write DNR orders when patients face increased mortality. Methods: Over 4 months, the medical records of all inpatients on the General Medicine Sen ice were reviewed at the time of discharge to identify patients with conditions predicting increased mortality. These cases were presented to a 5-member panel who decided if a DNR order was indicated. Reasons for missing DNR orders were discussed with the attending physicians. Results: Of 613 consecutive admissions, the panel identified 149 patients (24%) for whom DNR orders were indicated. In 88 (59%) of these, DNR orders were absent. The lack of a DNR order did not correlate with age (P = .95), sex (P = .61), or race (P = .80). The attending physicians' explanations for not writing DNR orders in these 88 cases included the belief that the patient was not in imminent danger of death (n = 49 [56%]), the belief that the primary physician should discuss DNR issues (n = 43 [49%]), and the lack of an appropriate opportunity to discuss end-of-life issues (n = 38 [43%]). In 11 (12%) of the 88 cases, patients or their families did not accept the recommendation for a DNR order. No physicians expressed concerns regarding the morality of DNR orders, discomfort discussing end-of-life issues, or the threat of litigation as reasons for not writing a DNR order. Conclusions: Limitations in the extent and depth of the physician-patient relationship appear to be the most frequent impediments to writing DNR orders in our institution. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Eliasson, AH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 31 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD OCT 11 PY 1999 VL 159 IS 18 BP 2213 EP 2218 DI 10.1001/archinte.159.18.2213 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 247EY UT WOS:000083208700013 PM 10527299 ER PT J AU Ketchel, BP Heid, CA Wood, GL Miller, MJ Mott, AG Anderson, RJ Salamo, GJ AF Ketchel, BP Heid, CA Wood, GL Miller, MJ Mott, AG Anderson, RJ Salamo, GJ TI Three-dimensional color holographic display SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PHASE CONJUGATION; PHOTOREFRACTIVE HOLOGRAMS; CRYSTALS; FIDELITY; MEDIA; DISTORTION; STORAGE; WAVE AB Three-dimensional (3D) color holograms are recorded in a cerium-doped, strontium barium niobate (SBN:60) photorefractive crystal. These holograms are shown to reconstruct true color reproductions of the original object with an observable held of view of 37 degrees. Angle multiplexing of two or more 3D color holograms is also demonstrated with angle tuning of the reference beam corresponding to a separation angle between stored images of 0.082 degrees. Each of these results is compared with corresponding theoretical predictions. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Ketchel, BP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM mmiller@arl.mil NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 10 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 29 BP 6159 EP 6166 DI 10.1364/AO.38.006159 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 250GW UT WOS:000083381500008 PM 18324139 ER PT J AU Schmaljohn, C Custer, D VanderZanden, L Spik, K Rossi, C Bray, M AF Schmaljohn, C Custer, D VanderZanden, L Spik, K Rossi, C Bray, M TI Evaluation of tick-borne encephalitis DNA vaccines in monkeys SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEIC-ACID IMMUNIZATION; HIGHLY PURIFIED VACCINE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; RHESUS-MONKEYS; VIRUS; GENE; INDUCTION; MACAQUES; TRIAL; MICE AB Tickborne encephalitis is usually caused by infection with one of two flaviviruses: Russian spring summer encephalitis virus (RSSEV) or Central European encephalitis virus (CEEV). We previously demonstrated that gene gun inoculation of mice with naked DNA vaccines expressing the prM and E genes of these Viruses resulted in long-lived homologous and heterologous protective immunity (Schmaljohn et al., 1997). To further evaluate these vaccines, we inoculated rhesus macaques by gene gun with the RSSEV or CEEV vaccines or with both DNA vaccines and compared resulting antibody titers with those obtained by vaccination with a commercial, formalin-inactivated vaccine administered at the human dose. Vaccinations were given at days 0, 30, and 70. All of the vaccines elicited antibodies detected by ELISA and by plaque-reduction neutralization tests. The neutralizing antibody responses persisted for at least 15 weeks after the final vaccination. Because monkeys are not uniformly susceptible to tickborne encephalitis, the protective properties of the vaccines were assessed by passive transfer of monkey sera to mice and subsequent challenge of the mice with RSSEV or CEEV. One hour after transfer, mice that received 50 mu l of sera from monkeys vaccinated with both DNA vaccines had circulating neutralizing antibody levels <20-80. All of these mice were protected from challenge with RSSEV or CEEV. Mice that received 10 mu l of sera from monkeys vaccinated with the individual DNA vaccines, both DNA vaccines, or a commercial vaccine were partially to completely protected from RSSEV or CEEV challenge. These data suggest that DNA vaccines may offer protective immunity to primates similar to that obtained with a commercial inactivated-virus vaccine. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Schmaljohn, C (reprint author), 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 24 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT 10 PY 1999 VL 263 IS 1 BP 166 EP 174 DI 10.1006/viro.1999.9918 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 246JZ UT WOS:000083161800015 PM 10544091 ER PT J AU Kamrud, KI Hooper, JW Elgh, F Schmaljohn, CS AF Kamrud, KI Hooper, JW Elgh, F Schmaljohn, CS TI Comparison of the protective efficacy of naked DNA, DNA-based Sindbis replicon, and packaged Sindbis replicon vectors expressing hantavirus structural genes in hamsters SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEMLIKI-FOREST-VIRUS; RENAL SYNDROME HFRS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MOSQUITO CELLS; PUUMALA-VIRUS; IN-VITRO AB Seoul virus (SEOV) is a member of the Hantavirus genus (family Bunyaviridae) and an etiological agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. The medium (M) and small (S) gene segments of SEOV encode the viral envelope glycoproteins and nucleocapsid protein, respectively. We compared the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of naked DNA (pWRG7077), DNA-based Sindbis replicon (pSIN2.5), and packaged Sindbis replicon vectors (pSINrep5), containing either the M or S gene segment of SEOV in Syrian hamsters. All of the vectors elicited an anti-SEOV immune response to the expressed SEOV gene products. Vaccinated hamsters were challenged with SEOV and monitored for evidence of infection. Protection from infection was strongly associated with M-gene vaccination. A small number of S-gene-vaccinated animals also were protected. Hamsters vaccinated with the pWRG7077 vector expressing the M gene demonstrated the most consistent protection from SEOV infection and also were protected from heterologous hantavirus (Hantaan virus) infection, (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Def Res Estab, Div NBC Def, Dept Microbiol, Umea, Sweden. Umea Univ, Dept Virol, Umea, Sweden. RP Kamrud, KI (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. OI Hooper, Jay/0000-0002-4475-0415 NR 46 TC 61 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT 10 PY 1999 VL 263 IS 1 BP 209 EP 219 DI 10.1006/viro.1999.9961 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 246JZ UT WOS:000083161800019 PM 10544095 ER PT J AU Brodine, SK Shaffer, RA Starkey, MJ Tasker, SA Gilcrest, JL Louder, MK Barile, A VanCott, TC Vahey, MT McCutchan, FE Birx, DL Richman, DD Mascola, JR AF Brodine, SK Shaffer, RA Starkey, MJ Tasker, SA Gilcrest, JL Louder, MK Barile, A VanCott, TC Vahey, MT McCutchan, FE Birx, DL Richman, DD Mascola, JR TI Drug resistance patterns, genetic subtypes, clinical features, and risk factors in military personnel with HIV-1 seroconversion SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology, molecular; drug resistance, microbial; human immunodeficiency virus; human immunodeficiency virus infections; anti-HIV agents ID TYPE-1 SUBTYPE; UNITED-STATES; VIRUS; SENSITIVITY; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY; THERAPY; PLASMA AB Background: Regular testing of military personnel identifies early HIV infection; this identification provides a sentinel cohort in which to describe the evolving molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 transmission. Objective: To describe the prevalence and epidemiologic correlates associated with the acquisition of non-subtype B and drug-resistant HIV infections. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Military referral hospital. Patients: 95 military personnel with HIV-1 seroconversion. Measurements: Self-reported questionnaire, CD4 cell counts, plasma HIV-1 RNA levels, and nucleic acid sequence analysis for drug-resistant mutations and HIV-1 genetic subtype. Results: 95 patients were enrolled between February 1997 and February 1998. The likely geographic location of HIV-1 acquisition was overseas in 8% of patients, the United States in 68%, and either overseas or the United States in 24%. Seven patients (7.4%) had subtype E infection; the remainder had subtype B infection. Eight of 31 (26%) treatment-naive patients had mutations in the reverse transcriptase or protease gene associated with drug resistance. Conclusions: The percentage of HIV-1 non-subtype B infection and antiretroviral drug-resistant mutations was relatively high in U.S. military personnel with recently acquired HIV-1 infection. C1 San Diego State Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Div Clin Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Naval Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Brodine, SK (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 27670, AI 36214, AI 38858] NR 20 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD OCT 5 PY 1999 VL 131 IS 7 BP 502 EP + PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 243VU UT WOS:000083018800003 PM 10507958 ER PT J AU Carter, AJ Scott, D Bailey, L Hoopes, T Jones, R Virmani, R AF Carter, AJ Scott, D Bailey, L Hoopes, T Jones, R Virmani, R TI Dose-response effects of P-32 radioactive stents in an atherosclerotic porcine coronary model SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE stents; restenosis; radioisotopes ID MUSCLE CELL-PROLIFERATION; PARTICLE-EMITTING STENT; NEOINTIMAL RESPONSE; ARTERY INJURY; RESTENOSIS; RADIATION; RADIOTHERAPY; IRRADIATION; PREVENTION; INHIBITION AB Background-Experimental studies have demonstrated that P-32 radioactive tents reduce neointimal formation at 28 days in porcine iliac and coronary arteries. Our objective was to determine the long-term dose-response effects of 1.0- to 12.0-mu Ci P-32 radioactive stents in a porcine atherosclerotic coronary model. Methods ana Results-Control (n=19) and 1.0- to 12.0-mu Ci P-32 radioactive (n=43) stents (total, n=62) were implanted in the coronary arteries of 31 miniature swine at 28 days after creation of a fibrocellular plaque by overstretch balloon injury and cholesterol feeding. Angiography and histomorphometry were performed at 6 months. Stent thrombosis occurred in 3 radioactive (7.7%) and no control stents (P=0.54). On histology, the mean neointimal area and the percent in-stent stenosis correlated positively with increasing stent activity (r= 0.64, P<0.001). The mean neointimal area (mm(2)) for the stents with greater than or equal to 3.0 mu Ci P-32 (3.57+/-1.21) was significantly greater than that for the nonradioactive stents (1.78 +/- 0.68, P<0.0001). The neointima of the stents with greater than or equal to 3.0 mu Ci P-32 was composed of smooth muscle cells, matrix proteoglycans, calcification, foam cells, and cholesterol clefts. Conclusions-Continuous low-dose-rate irradiation delivered by high-activity P-32 radioactive stents promotes the formation of an '"atheromatous" neointima after 6 months in this experimental model. These data may be useful for predicting late tissue responses to radioactive stents in human coronary arteries. C1 Washington Hosp Ctr, Cardiol Res Fdn, Washington, DC 20100 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Carter, AJ (reprint author), Washington Hosp Ctr, Cardiol Res Fdn, 110 Irving St NW,Suite 4B-1, Washington, DC 20100 USA. NR 17 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 5 PY 1999 VL 100 IS 14 BP 1548 EP 1554 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 244ZG UT WOS:000083080200010 PM 10510059 ER PT J AU Beyer, FL Gido, SP Velis, G Hadjichristidis, N Tan, NB AF Beyer, FL Gido, SP Velis, G Hadjichristidis, N Tan, NB TI Morphological behavior of A(5)B miktoarm star block copolymers SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-GRAFT-COPOLYMERS; MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE; BRANCH-POINTS; ASYMMETRY; STYRENE AB A morphological study of three A(5)B, six-arm miktoarm star block copolymers is presented. The miktoarm stars are comprised of five arms of polyisoprene and one arm of polystyrene joined together at: a single junction point. The strong segregation limit theory for the morphological behavior of miktoarm stars predicts that these materials should form cylindrical (two samples) and lamellar (one sample) morphologies, but only lamellar morphologies were observed by TEM and SAXS. These results are similar to previously reported discrepancies between miktoarm star morphological behavior and the predictions of the theory. Combining the data of this study with that of previous morphological studies of miktoarm star materials, we can track the increasing discrepancy between the experimentally observed morphology and theoretical predictions as the molecular asymmetry parameter, epsilon, increases. The ASB materials in this study were also observed to form exceptionally well-ordered morphologies. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Athens, Dept Chem, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Gido, SP (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 18 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 5 PY 1999 VL 32 IS 20 BP 6604 EP 6607 DI 10.1021/ma9909713 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 243NC UT WOS:000083003300030 ER PT J AU Ryu, SO Joshi, PC Desu, SB AF Ryu, SO Joshi, PC Desu, SB TI Low temperature processed 0.7SrBi(2)Ta(2)O(9)-0.3Bi(3)TaTiO(9) thin films fabricated on multilayer electrode-barrier structure for high-density ferroelectric memories SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Thin films of solid-solution material 0.7SrBi(2)Ta(2)O(9)-0.3Bi(3)TaTiO(9) (0.7SBT-0.3BTT) were fabricated on n(+)-polycrystalline (n(+)-poly) Si substrates by a metalorganic solution deposition technique at a low processing temperature of 650 degrees C using a Pt-Rh/Pt-Rh-O-x electrode-barrier structure. The Pt-Rh/Pt-Rh-O-x structure was deposited using an in situ reactive radio frequency sputtering process. The electrodes had a smooth and fine-grained microstructure and were excellent diffusion barriers between the 0.7SBT-0.3BTT thin film and Si substrate. The ferroelectric (0.7SBT-0.3BTT) test capacitors using these electrode-barrier grown directly on Si showed good ferroelectric hysteresis properties, measured through n(+)-poly Si substrate, with 2P(r) and E-c values of 11.5 mu C/cm(2) and 80 kV/cm, respectively, at an applied electric field of 200 kV/cm. The films exhibited good fatigue characteristics (< 10% decay) under bipolar stressing up to 10(11) switching cycles and the leakage current density was lower 10(-7) A/cm(2) at an applied electric field of 200 kV/cm. The good ferroelectric properties of 0.7SBT-0.3BTT solid-solution thin films at a low processing temperature of 650 degrees C and excellent electrode-diffusion barrier properties of a Pt-Rh/Pt-Rh-O-x structure are encouraging for the realization of high-density nonvolatile ferroelectric random access memories on silicon substrates. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)01240-1]. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Ryu, SO (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 10 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 4 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 14 BP 2126 EP 2128 DI 10.1063/1.124938 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 240ZY UT WOS:000082857700044 ER PT J AU Collins, CJ Li, T Beck, AL Dupuis, RD Campbell, JC Carrano, JC Schurman, MJ Ferguson, IA AF Collins, CJ Li, T Beck, AL Dupuis, RD Campbell, JC Carrano, JC Schurman, MJ Ferguson, IA TI Improved device performance using a semi-transparent p-contact AlGaN/GaN heterojunction positive-intrinsic-negative photodiode SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET PHOTODETECTORS AB We report on the improved device performance of GaN-based ultraviolet heterojunction photodiodes using a semi-transparent p-contact device structure. At a reverse bias of 10 V, these photodiodes exhibit a low dark current density of 0.3 nA/cm(2). The external quantum efficiency is 38% at the band edge, with only a slight decrease at the shorter wavelengths. The forward current is > 10 mA at V-f=5 V. Fitting of the forward current-voltage data to the diode equation yields a very low series resistance (R-s=62 Omega), which results in a very fast decay of the time response. The improved performance afforded by the thin, semi-transparent, p-contact layer is due to an increase in the uniformity of the lateral field distribution. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)01340-6]. C1 Univ Texas, Microelect Res Ctr, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. EMCORE Corp, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. RP Collins, CJ (reprint author), Univ Texas, Microelect Res Ctr, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. OI Beck, Ariane/0000-0002-8622-8377 NR 9 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 4 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 14 BP 2138 EP 2140 DI 10.1063/1.124942 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 240ZY UT WOS:000082857700048 ER PT J AU Carr, JK Laukkanen, T Salminen, MO Albert, J Alaeus, A Kim, B Sanders-Buell, E Birx, DL McCutchan, FE AF Carr, JK Laukkanen, T Salminen, MO Albert, J Alaeus, A Kim, B Sanders-Buell, E Birx, DL McCutchan, FE TI Characterization of subtype A HIV-1 from Africa by full genome sequencing SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; Africa; molecular epidemiology; viral origins; recombination ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; TYPE-1; RECOMBINANTS; CONFIDENCE; THAILAND; ORIGIN AB Objective: To improve our understanding of the genetic complexity of HIV-1 subtype A by increasing the number of subtype A isolates that have been sequenced in their entirety. Methods: Nine HIV-1-seropositive patients from Africa living in Sweden contributed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for this study. Sequencing of the C2-V3 region of env had shown them to be subtype A. DNA from virus cultures was used for the amplification of virtually full-length proviral sequences, and the resulting fragment was sequenced. Results: Six of the nine viral isolates were subtype A throughout the genome, or non-recombinant and all of these were from east Africa. One virus from the ivory Coast had the AG(IbNG) genetic form, a recombinant form common in west Africa. Two of the isolates were novel recombinants: one was an A/C recombinant and the other was A/D. Analysis of gag reveals three subclusters within the A subtype: one containing the AG(IbNC) subtype viruses, one containing the AE(CM240) viruses and one containing the non-recombinant A viruses. These genetic clusters have different geographical distributions in Africa. Conclusion: The prevailing view of HIV-1 subtype A forming a uniform band across the center of sub-Saharan Africa needs revision. In all probability, the most common subtype in west Africa and west central Africa is the AG recombinant, AG(IbNC), whereas in east central Africa it is the non-recombinant subtype A. (C) 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Helsinki, Finland. Karolinska Inst, Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Stockholm, Sweden. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. RP Carr, JK (reprint author), 1 Taft Court, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RI Salminen, Mika/D-8784-2013 OI Salminen, Mika/0000-0003-3020-0866 NR 27 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 14 BP 1819 EP 1826 DI 10.1097/00002030-199910010-00003 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 241FH UT WOS:000082871700003 PM 10513639 ER PT J AU Unwin, BK Jerant, AF AF Unwin, BK Jerant, AF TI The home visit SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID HOUSE CALLS; PHYSICIANS; CARE; TELEPHONE AB With the advent of effective home health programs, an increasing proportion of medical care is being delivered in patients' homes. Since the time before World War II, direct physician involvement in home health care has been minimal. However, patient preferences and key changes in the health care system are now creating an increased need for physician-conducted home visits. To conduct home visits effectively, physicians must acquire fundamental and well-defined attitudes, knowledge and skills in addition to an inexpensive set of portable equipment. "INHOMESSS" (standing for: immobility, nutrition, housing, others, medication, examination, safety, spirituality services) is an easily remembered mnemonic that provides a framework for the evaluation of a patient's functional status and home environment. Expanded use of the telephone and telemedicine technology may allow busy physicians to conduct time-efficient "virtual" house calls that complement and sometimes replace in-person visits. C1 Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Family & Community Med, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Unwin, BK (reprint author), Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Family & Community Med, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 BP 1481 EP 1488 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 246FL UT WOS:000083153700018 PM 10524492 ER PT J AU Sangiorgi, G Taylor, AJ Farb, A Carter, AJ Edwards, WD Holmes, DR Schwartz, RS Virmani, R AF Sangiorgi, G Taylor, AJ Farb, A Carter, AJ Edwards, WD Holmes, DR Schwartz, RS Virmani, R TI Histopathology of postpercutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty remodeling in human coronary arteries SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Scientific Session of the American-College-of-Cardiology CY MAR 15-19, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Coll Cardiol ID INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES; BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY; RESTENOSIS; MORPHOLOGY; RABBIT; INJURY AB Background We studied the histomorphometric correlates of long-term successful coronary balloon angioplasty (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty [PTCA]). Restenosis after PTCA may occur secondary to the failure of compensatory arterial enlargement or post-PTCA arterial constriction. The histopathology of this process in human subjects remains poorly defined. Methods Forty-two coronary segments from 41 patients treated with PTCA 60 +/- 58 weeks before death were studied. The histomorphometric findings at the PTCA site were compared with those obtained at a proximal reference site. Results Histologic long-term success was seen in 18 (43%) of 42 arteries. Histologically successful PTCA arteries (PTCA site lumen of greater than or equal to 50% of the reference lumen) demonstrated a larger acute lumen, smaller plaque size (normalized to the internal elastic lamina area), and thinner adventitia compared with histologic failures. Relative to the reference sites, histologically successful PTCA showed expansion of the external elastic lamina. in contrast, histologic failures showed a reduced external elastic lamina area, suggesting constrictive remodeling. Neointimal area correlated with the extent of internal elastic lamina disruption, but neither variable was related to histologic PTCA success or failure. Conclusions These data provide histomorphometric confirmation of the hypothesis that constrictive remodeling, not neointimal formation, determines the long-term outcome of PTCA. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Div Cardiovasc Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Internal Med & Cardiovasc Dis, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Pathol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Hematol & Vasc Biol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Virmani, R (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Div Cardiovasc Pathol, 14th St & Alaska Ave NW, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 138 IS 4 BP 681 EP 687 DI 10.1016/S0002-8703(99)70183-3 PN 1 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 242TR UT WOS:000082958200018 PM 10502214 ER PT J AU Ormseth, EJ Wong, RKH AF Ormseth, EJ Wong, RKH TI Reflux laryngitis: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Review ID GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; POSTERIOR LARYNGITIS; GASTRIC-ACID; AMBULATORY ESOPHAGEAL; LARYNGEAL; OMEPRAZOLE; SYMPTOMS; PATHOGENESIS; HOARSENESS; DISEASE AB Gastroesophageal reflux disease is felt to be associated with a variety of laryngeal conditions and symptoms of which "reflux laryngitis" is perhaps the most common. The most likely mechanism for laryngeal injury and symptoms is secondary to direct acid and pepsin contact, although studies concerning the cause and effect between gastroesophageal reflux disease-and laryngeal disorders are conflicting. Likewise, the most effective method to diagnose such patients is unclear. Empiric treatment of patients with reflux laryngitis has been shown to be effective though none of the studies are controlled. (C) 1999 by Am. Cell. of Gastroenterology. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Gastroenterol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Hlth Sci, Uninformed Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Wong, RKH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Gastroenterol, Bldg 2,Room 7F47,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 49 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 94 IS 10 BP 2812 EP 2817 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 243DD UT WOS:000082981000005 PM 10520826 ER PT J AU Arar, NH Sarosdy, M Thompson, I Troyer, D Hunt, L Plaetke, R AF Arar, NH Sarosdy, M Thompson, I Troyer, D Hunt, L Plaetke, R TI Beliefs and risk perceptions regarding prostate cancer and its heredity. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Nephrol, SA, TX USA. Univ Texas, Div Urol, SA, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Div Urol, SA, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, SA, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, SA, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 65 IS 4 SU S MA 431 BP A82 EP A82 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 241JQ UT WOS:000082879800433 ER PT J AU Chernoff, EJ Nunes, M White, B McClellan, J Coll, E Maggio, K Levin, S AF Chernoff, EJ Nunes, M White, B McClellan, J Coll, E Maggio, K Levin, S TI Fragile X premutation status in a male with mental retardation. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NICHD, Heritable Disorders Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. USAF, Ctr Med Genet, Med Grp 81, Keesler AFB, MS USA. Nichols Inst, Quest Diagnost, San Juan Capistrano, CA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 65 IS 4 SU S MA 781 BP A145 EP A145 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 241JQ UT WOS:000082879800784 ER PT J AU DeLone, DR Goldstein, RA Petermann, G Salamat, MS Miles, JM Knechtle, SJ Brown, WD AF DeLone, DR Goldstein, RA Petermann, G Salamat, MS Miles, JM Knechtle, SJ Brown, WD TI Disseminated aspergillosis involving the brain distribution and imaging characteristics SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; CEREBRAL ASPERGILLOSIS; ACUTE-LEUKEMIA; MR; PATIENT; CT AB BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Systemic invasive aspergillosis involves the brain through hematogenous dissemination. A retrospective review of 18 patients with aspergillosis involving the brain was performed in order to present imaging findings and thereby broaden the understanding of the distribution and imaging characteristics of brain Aspergillus infection and to facilitate its early diagnosis. METHODS: The neuroimaging studies of 17 biopsy- or autopsy-proved cases and one clinically diagnosed case were examined retrospectively by two neuroradiologists, The studies were evaluated for anatomic distribution of lesions, signal characteristics of lesions, enhancement, hemorrhage, and progression on serial studies (when performed), Medical records, biopsy reports, and autopsy findings were reviewed. RESULTS: Thirteen of 18 patients had involvement of the basal nuclei and/or thalami, Nine of the 10 patients with lesions at the corticomedullary junction also had lesions in the basal nuclei or thalami, Callosal lesions were seen in seven patients, Progression of lesion number and size was seen in all 11 patients in whom serial studies had been performed, Enhancement was minimal or absent in most cases, There was gross hemorrhage in eight of the 18, and definite ring-enhancement in three. CONCLUSION: Among our cases, lesions in perforating artery territories were more common than those at the corticomedullary junction, Ring enhancement and gross hemorrhage may be present, but are not necessary for the prospective diagnosis. C1 Univ Wisconsin Hosp & Clin, Dept Radiol, Madison, WI 53792 USA. Univ Wisconsin Hosp & Clin, Dept Pathol, Madison, WI 53792 USA. Univ Wisconsin Hosp & Clin, Dept Surg, Madison, WI 53792 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Indian River Mem Hosp, Dept Pathol, Vero Beach, FL USA. RP Brown, WD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Hosp & Clin, Dept Radiol, E3-311,600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792 USA. OI DeLone, David/0000-0002-4211-8790 NR 19 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY PI OAK BROOK PA 2210 MIDWEST RD, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA SN 0195-6108 J9 AM J NEURORADIOL JI Am. J. Neuroradiol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1597 EP 1604 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 250ER UT WOS:000083376500007 PM 10543627 ER PT J AU Otterstetter, R Szymanski, LM Kamimori, GH Kessler, CM Gold, MR Fernhall, B AF Otterstetter, R Szymanski, LM Kamimori, GH Kessler, CM Gold, MR Fernhall, B TI Hemostatic responses to maximal exercise in oral contraceptive users SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oral contraceptives; fibrinolysis; exercise; coagulation; hemostasis; catecholamines ID PHYSICALLY ACTIVE MEN; FIBRINOLYTIC-ACTIVITY; WOMEN; COAGULATION; BLOOD; CELLS AB OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effect of exercise on markers of fibrinolysis and coagulation in users and nonusers of oral contraceptives. STUDY DESIGN: Fourteen oral contraceptive users and 14 nonusers performed a maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after the completion of the test. A repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis with values considered significant at P = .05. RESULTS: Acute maximal exercise resulted in significant increases in tissue plasminogen activator activity in both groups. There was a trend toward a smaller increase in tissue plasminogen activator activity in oral contraceptive users, but the difference between groups was not statistically significant. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 activity was reduced with exercise in both groups but with a significantly greater decrease observed in the nonusers (P < .0001). Prothrombin fragment 1+2 was significantly higher (P < .0001) in the oral contraceptive group but did not change with exercise. Epinephrine levels before and after exercise were similar between the 2 groups, but postexercise norepinephrine concentrations were significantly lower (P = .026) in the oral contraceptive users. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that oral contraceptive use blunts the fibrinolytic response to exercise. This, together with increased coagulation activation in oral contraceptive users, may alter the hemostatic balance during exercise. C1 George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Exercise Sci Programs, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Div Neuropsychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. George Washington Univ, Div Hematol Oncol, Washington, DC USA. RP Fernhall, B (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Exercise Sci Programs, 817 23rd St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 181 IS 4 BP 958 EP 963 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70332-7 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 247EX UT WOS:000083208600035 PM 10521761 ER PT J AU Trevino, G Andreas, EL AF Trevino, G Andreas, EL TI Time-frequency analysis with the continuous wavelet transform - Comment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE C1 CHIRES Inc, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Trevino, G (reprint author), CHIRES Inc, POB 807, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 67 IS 10 BP 934 EP 935 PG 2 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 243CU UT WOS:000082980100021 ER PT J AU Convertino, VA AF Convertino, VA TI Gender differences in autonomic functions associated with blood pressure regulation. Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID VAGAL BAROREFLEX C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Convertino, VA (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave,Bldg 3611, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 277 IS 4 BP R1247 EP R1247 PG 1 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 259XR UT WOS:000083919700041 PM 11536923 ER PT J AU Arness, MK Brown, JD Dubey, JP Neafie, RC Granstrom, DE AF Arness, MK Brown, JD Dubey, JP Neafie, RC Granstrom, DE TI An outbreak of acute eosinophilic myositis attributed to human Sarcocystis parasitism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MUSCLE; SARCOSPORIDIOSIS; INFECTION AB Seven members of a 15-man U.S. military team that had operated in rural Malaysia developed an acute illness consisting of fever, myalgias, bronchospasm, nesting pruritic rashes, transient lymphadenopathy, and subcutaneous nodules associated with eosinophilia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and elevated levels of muscle creatinine kinase. Sarcocysts of an unidentified Sarcocystis species were found in skeletal muscle biopsies of the index case. Albendazole ameliorated symptoms in the index case; however, his symptoms persisted far more than 5 years. Symptoms in 5 other men were mild to moderate and self-limited, and 1 team member with laboratory abnormalities was asymptomatic. Of 8 team members tested for antibody to Sarcocystis, 6 were positive; of 4 with the eosinophilic myositis syndrome who were tested, all were positive. We attribute this outbreak of eosinophilic myositis to accidental tissue parasitism by Sarcocystis. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biostat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Med, Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. USDA, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Res Ctr,Agr Res Serv, Livestock & Poultry Sci Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Parasit Dis Pathol Branch, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Amer Vet Med Assoc, Schaumburg, IL 60173 USA. Queens Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Arness, MK (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biostat, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd,Bldg A, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 19 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 61 IS 4 BP 548 EP 553 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 250FA UT WOS:000083377300006 PM 10548287 ER PT J AU Kovacs, B Liossis, SNC Gist, ID Tsokos, GC AF Kovacs, B Liossis, SNC Gist, ID Tsokos, GC TI Crosslinking of Fas/CD95 suppresses the CD3-mediated signaling events in Jurkat T cells by inhibiting the association of the T-cell receptor zeta chain with src-protein tyrosine kinases and ZAP70 SO APOPTOSIS LA English DT Article DE cell death; Fas; signal transduction; T cells ID DEATH DOMAIN; PHOSPHATASE PTP1C; ZAP-70 BINDING; FAS; ACTIVATION; P56(LCK); EXPRESSION; INTERACTS; APOPTOSIS; MICE AB Crosslinking of Fas (APO-1/CD95) on the surface of T cells initiates a biochemical cascade leading to programmed cell death. We have previously shown that crosslinking of Fas with an apoptosis-inducing IgM anti-Fas mAb results in suppression of the CD3-initiated cell signaling including Ca2+ mobilization and protein tyrosine phosphorylation. We conducted experiments to decipher the mechanisms whereby the cross talk between the Fas- and CD3 signaling pathways occur. We used lysates from Jurkat T and examined the composition of the TCR zeta chain-precipitated immune complexes using immunoblots. While crosslinking of Fas affected the association of p59(fyn) and p56(lck) tyrosine kinases with the TCR zeta chain to a limited degree, it dramatically inhibited the association of the protein tyrosine kinase ZAP70 with the zeta chain. In cells that were preincubated with an apoptosis-inducing anti-Fas mAb, the binding of the protein tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 to the TCR zeta chain was increased. These experiments indicate that crosslinking of Fas interferes with early T cell signaling events by promoting the recruitment of SHP-1 and decreasing the association of protein tyrosine kinases with TCR zeta chain. Therefore, crosslinking of Fas antigen may regulate the antigen-induced T cell response and play an active role in the T cell anergy. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Physiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Bldg 203,Rm 1A32, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1360-8185 J9 APOPTOSIS JI Apoptosis PD OCT PY 1999 VL 4 IS 5 BP 327 EP 334 DI 10.1023/A:1009691120129 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 248WG UT WOS:000083299300004 PM 14634336 ER PT J AU Fodor, GE Mason, RA Hutzler, SA AF Fodor, GE Mason, RA Hutzler, SA TI Estimation of middle distillate fuel properties by FT-IR SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE FT-IR; diesel; fuel; chemometrics ID LEAST-SQUARES METHODS; MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL ANALYSES; GASOLINE; PREDICTION AB As an alternative to established laboratory protocols, partial least-squares (PLS) regression models based on Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra were developed for the rapid and simultaneous determination of several middle distillate fuel properties. Requiring less than 2 mL of sample, the PLS models use a single wavelength range of baseline-uncorrected FT-IR spectra. Several preprocessing parameters were investigated, including mean-centering of the raw spectra and mean-centering of first- and second-difference spectra. In addition, modification to the calibration parameters included varying the number of cross-validation rotation samples from 5 to 50, applying a baseline correction to the spectra, and using restricted wavelength regions. In order to obtain an accurate estimate of the prediction error, we applied the method provided by Faber and Kowalski [Appl. Spectrosc. 51, 660 (1997)] that corrects for the measurement error in the reference values. On the basis of this work, the following middle distillate fuel properties may be confidently estimated by FT-IR: gravity, API degrees; density, g/mL; kinematic viscosity, cSt, 40 degrees C; boiling point at 50% recovery, degrees C; cetane index; carbon, wt %; hydrogen, wt %; carbon-to-hydrogen ratio, C/H; net heat of combustion, MJ/Kg (or BTU/1b); monocyclic aromatics, wt %; dicyclic aromatics, wt %; polycyclic aromatics, wt %; and total aromatics, wt %. Estimation of several other properties is also possible where reduced precision is acceptable. C1 SW Res Inst, USA, TARDEC Fuels & Lubricants Res Facil, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RP Hutzler, SA (reprint author), SW Res Inst, USA, TARDEC Fuels & Lubricants Res Facil, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 53 IS 10 BP 1292 EP 1298 DI 10.1366/0003702991945542 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 249BT UT WOS:000083312800020 ER PT J AU Smith, M Trummel, DE Dolz, M Cina, SJ AF Smith, M Trummel, DE Dolz, M Cina, SJ TI A simplified method for postmortem coronary angiography using gastrograffin SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANEURYSM AB Objective.-To assess the adequacy of perfusion of the heart at autopsy with a gastrograffin and dye mixture to obtain rapid postmortem angiograms while simultaneously documenting the vascular distribution of the myocardium. Background.-Postmortem coronary angiography is occasionally used in the evaluation of suspected cardiac deaths. Angiography provides legal documentation and can serve to guide subsequent cardiac dissection. Multiple techniques have been suggested in the literature for coronary angiography using infusion of radio-opaque silicone or gelatin. These techniques are cumbersome and require equipment generally not available in autopsy suites. Methods.-Following removal of the heart, a mixture of gastrograffin and colored dyes is injected into each coronary artery via a syringe. The coronary arteries are ligated and radiographs are obtained. After fixation, the heart is dissected In the usual manner. Results.-Adequate postmortem coronary angiograms are routinely obtained with this method. The coronary arterial distribution within the myocardium is easily documented at both the gross and microscopic levels because of the presence of differential coloration. Conclusions.-The aforementioned technique using a gastrograffin and dye mixture provides a simplified approach to postmortem angiography. The novelty of the procedure stems from the low cost, ease of implementation, dual ability to assess vascular anatomy radiologically (gastrograffin), and gross distribution and histologic findings of dependent tissue using the light microscope (colored dye). This technique is inexpensive, rapid, and easily used, making it more suitable for general hospital practice and medical examiners' offices than previously described methods. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Combined Pathol Residency Program, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Reg Armed Forces Med Examiners Off, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cina, SJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 123 IS 10 BP 885 EP 888 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 246EW UT WOS:000083152300005 PM 10506439 ER PT J AU Chamberlin, GA Maki, KS Li, ZH Li, ZH Schwenk, DM Christianson, LL AF Chamberlin, GA Maki, KS Li, ZH Li, ZH Schwenk, DM Christianson, LL TI VAV systems and outdoor air SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB HVAC system outdoor airflow rates are usually measured and set at the air-handling unit. The effectiveness of an HVAC system at delivering the outdoor air to the occupied spaces of a building is varied and often disputed. To investigate the delivery of outdoor air to the occupied spaces of a variable-air-volume system, ASHRAE Technical Committee 9.1, Large Building Air Conditioning Systems, funded Project 687-TRP, Minimum Ventilation Airflow Rates with VAC Systems. This article presents some of the information collected during that project. C1 Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Whirlpool Corp, Benton Harbor, MI USA. Double L Grp, Peosta, IA USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL USA. Univ Illinois, Bioenvironm Engn Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Chamberlin, GA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 41 IS 10 BP 39 EP + PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 244YQ UT WOS:000083078700012 ER PT J AU Seaman, RL Belt, ML Doyle, JM Mathur, SP AF Seaman, RL Belt, ML Doyle, JM Mathur, SP TI Hyperactivity caused by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor is countered by ultra-wideband pulses SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE L-NAME; hyperactivity; locomotor activity; CF-1 mice; nociception; UWB electromagnetic pulses ID ARGININE METHYL-ESTER; 60-HZ MAGNETIC-FIELDS; EXHIBITS ANTINOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY; BAND ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSES; MORPHINE-INDUCED ANALGESIA; L-NAME; CEPAEA-NEMORALIS; LAND SNAIL; LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY; 7-NITRO INDAZOLE AB Potential action of ultra-wideband (UWB) electromagnetic field pulses on effects of N-G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), on nociception and locomotor activity was investigated in CF-1 mice. Animals were injected TP with saline or 50 mg/kg L-NAME and exposed for 30 min to no pulses (sham exposure) or UWB pulses with electric field parameters of 102 +/- 1 kV/m peak amplitude, 0.90 +/- 0.05 ns duration, and 160 +/- 5 ps rise time (mean +/- S.D.) at 600/s. Animals were tested for thermal nociceptive responses on a 50 degrees C surface and for spontaneous locomotor activity for 5 min. L-NAME by itself increased mean first-response (paw lift, shake, or lick; jump) and back-paw-lick response latencies and mean locomotor activity. Exposure to UWB pulses reduced the L-NAME-induced increase in back-paw-lick latency by 22%, but this change was not statistically significant. The L-NAME-induced hyperactivity was not present after UWB exposure. Reduction and cancellation of effects of L-NAME suggest activation of opposing mechanism(s) by the UWB pulses, possibly including increase of nitric oxide production by NOS. The action, or actions, of UWB pulses appears to be more effective on locomotor activity than on thermal nociception in CF-1 mice. Bioelectromagnetics 20:431-439, 1999. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 McKesson Bioserv, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USA, Microwave Bioeffects Branch, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Seaman, RL (reprint author), McKesson Bioserv, POB 35460, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 57 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD OCT PY 1999 VL 20 IS 7 BP 431 EP 439 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(199910)20:7<431::AID-BEM4>3.0.CO;2-Y PG 9 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 239UM UT WOS:000082788100004 PM 10495308 ER PT J AU Blank, S AF Blank, S TI After Primakov. The evolving context of Russian national security policy SO CAHIERS DU MONDE RUSSE LA English DT Review AB This essay addresses the security threats to Russia as of mid-1999. Russia at that time underwent severe internal crises linked to the firing of Evgenii Primakov as prime minister and the Duma's attempts to impeach President Boris Yeltsin. The essay argues that the main threats to Russia's security, contrary to the angry reactions to Kosovo, are internal in nature stemming from the failure to build an effective state, control the armed force, resolve the federal bargain in adequate fashion, or revive the economy. All these factors encourage the privatization of the state where individual actors regard the state as a vehicle for the aggrandizement of their personal interests as the expense of any national interest. Indeed, Russia finds it difficult to define any sort of coherent national interest and cannot address classical security threats or new transnational ones. While Russia feels itself threatened or rather the armed forces and political elite feel threatened by NATO's Kosovo campaign, the real threats are at home and the fixation with derzhavnost' and Russia's inherent great power status will only inhibit efforts to deal with real threats and further aggravate its protracted crises. C1 USA, Army War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. RP Blank, S (reprint author), USA, Army War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. NR 130 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ECOLES HAUTE ETUD SCI SOCIALES PI PARIS PA MARIE LOUISE DUFOUR 131 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1252-6576 J9 CAH MONDE RUSSE JI Cah. Monde Russe PD OCT-DEC PY 1999 VL 40 IS 4 BP 695 EP 721 DI 10.3406/cmr.1999.1025 PG 27 WC History SC History GA 319CY UT WOS:000087323400005 ER PT J AU Doebler, JA AF Doebler, JA TI Gramicidin toxicity in NG108-15 cells: protective effects of acetamidine and guanidine SO CELL BIOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acetamidine; gramicidin D; guanidine; in vitro model; membrane potential; NG108-15 (neuroblastoma x glioma) hybrid cells ID MOTOR-NERVE TERMINALS; GLIOMA HYBRID-CELLS; CHANNELS; ION; 4-AMINOPYRIDINE; MODE; RAT AB Studies were conducted using a novel in vitro approach to investigate the efficacy of acetamidine hydrochloride (ACE) and guanidine hydrochloride (GUAN), previously shown to block gramicidin D (GRAM) channels in artificial membranes, in preventing the toxic effects of GRAM in NG108-15 (neuroblastomaxglioma hybrid) cells. Specifically, intracellular microelectrode techniques were employed to examine changes in membrane resting potential (V-m) and input resistance (R-in). At 1 mu mol/L, ACE significantly reduced loss of V-m induced by 1 or 10 mu g/ml GRAM, although higher concentrations of ACE did not afford enhanced antagonism. GUAN, in contrast, produced a concentration-dependent antagonism of GRAM-induced V-m and R-in loss, with high concentrations (10 or 100 mu mol/L) completely preventing diminutions in both V-m and R-in. In control cells superfused without GRAM, ACE produced a direct, concentration-dependent reduction in V-m and R-in, whereas GUAN hyperpolarized NG108-15 cells but did not alter R-in. These data represent the initial demonstration of the reversal of GRAM toxicity in an intact cell system. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Neurotoxicol Branch, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Doebler, JA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Neurotoxicol Branch, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0742-2091 J9 CELL BIOL TOXICOL JI Cell Biol. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 15 IS 5 BP 279 EP 289 DI 10.1023/A:1007651417519 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Toxicology SC Cell Biology; Toxicology GA 295PH UT WOS:000085976700001 PM 10813361 ER PT J AU Shorr, AF Moores, LK Edenfield, WJ Christie, RJ Fitzpatrick, TM AF Shorr, AF Moores, LK Edenfield, WJ Christie, RJ Fitzpatrick, TM TI Mechanical ventilation in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation - Can we effectively predict outcomes? SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE autologous bone marrow transplantation; hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; mechanical ventilation; survival; withdrawal of care ID BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; AMPHOTERICIN-B; RESPIRATORY-FAILURE; LUNG INJURY; SURVIVAL; CHEMOTHERAPY; NEUTROPHILS; DISEASE AB Background: Survival rates from mechanical ventilation (MV) in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation are poor, but little is known about the need for and outcomes from MV in patients who undergo autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT), Study objective: To determine the frequency of and risk factors for the use of MV in recipients of AHSCT and to identify predictors of survival in mechanically ventilated AHSCT patients. Design: Retrospective, cohort analysis Setting: Tertiary-care, university-affiliated medical center. Patients: One hundred fifty-nine consecutive patients who underwent AHSCT, Interventions: Patient surveillance and data collection. Measurements and results: The primary outcome measure was the need for MV, and the secondary end point was survival after MV. Of 159 patients, 17 required PVN (10.7%), Three variables were associated with the need for MV: increasing age, use of total body irradiation in the conditioning regimen, and treatment with amphotericin B, As a screening test to predict the need for MV, no risk factor had a sensitivity or specificity > 82%. Three of the 17 mechanically ventilated patients (17,0%) survived to discharge. Only the mean APACHE (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation) II score separated survivors from nonsurvivors (21.7 vs 31.4; p = 0.029), Both the duration of MV and the length of stay in the ICU were similar in survivors and nonsurvivors, Conclusions: We conclude that MV is infrequently needed following AHSCT, Although survival after MV in these patients is limited, clinical variables do not reliably allow clinicians to prospectively identify patients destined to die. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Hematol & Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Shorr, AF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 22 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD OCT PY 1999 VL 116 IS 4 BP 1012 EP 1018 DI 10.1378/chest.116.4.1012 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 246TB UT WOS:000083179700030 PM 10531167 ER PT J AU Gorak, EJ Yamada, SM Brown, JD AF Gorak, EJ Yamada, SM Brown, JD TI Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospitalized adults and children without known risk factors SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CDC DEFINITIONS; INFECTIONS AB Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are not commonly recognized in healthy patients without predisposing risk. We performed a retrospective study of patients hospitalized with community-acquired MRSA infections from 1992 to 1996 in Honolulu to determine if community-acquired MRSA infections occurred in patients without known risk. Patients hospitalized within the previous 6 months or transferred from other hospitals or nursing homes were excluded, Epidemiological and clinical data were obtained from an inpatient chart review, Ten (71%) of 14 patients with community-acquired MRSA infection had no discernible characteristics of MRSA infections. Thirteen (93%) patients had skin or soft-tissue infections and one patient had MRSA pneumonia, Isolates from patients with MRSA infection were more likely to be susceptible to ciprofloxacin (P =.05), clindamycin (P =.03), and erythromycin (P =.01) than were those from MRSA-colonized patients. In our population, the majority of community-acquired MRSA infections occurred in previously healthy individuals without characteristics suggestive of MRSA transmission. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Prevent Med Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Queens Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Gorak, EJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Clin Studies, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 19 TC 229 Z9 240 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 29 IS 4 BP 797 EP 800 DI 10.1086/520437 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 248RQ UT WOS:000083289500018 PM 10589891 ER PT J AU Corwin, A Soderquist, R Suwanabun, N Sattabongkot, J Martin, L Kelly, D Beecham, J AF Corwin, A Soderquist, R Suwanabun, N Sattabongkot, J Martin, L Kelly, D Beecham, J TI Scrub tyhus and military operations in Indochina SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TYPHUS; THAILAND C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Navy Environm Prevent Med Unit Number 6, Pearl Harbor, HI USA. Joint Task Force Full Accounting, Camp Smith, HI USA. Naval Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Corwin, A (reprint author), NAMRU 2, Box 3,Unit 8132, APO, AP 96520 USA. NR 8 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 29 IS 4 BP 940 EP 941 DI 10.1086/520468 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 248RQ UT WOS:000083289500047 PM 10589920 ER PT J AU Shanks, GD Smoak, BL Aleman, GM Oundo, J Waiyaki, PG Dunne, MW Petersen, L AF Shanks, GD Smoak, BL Aleman, GM Oundo, J Waiyaki, PG Dunne, MW Petersen, L CA Acute Dysentery Study Grp TI Single dose of azithromycin or three-day course of ciprofloxacin as therapy for epidemic dysentery in Kenya SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, APO, AE 09831 USA. Kenya Med Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. St Marys Hosp, Mumias, Kenya. Pfizer Inc, Pfizer Cent Res, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RP Shanks, GD (reprint author), USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Box 401, APO, AE 09831 USA. RI Shanks, George Dennis/F-4056-2014 OI Shanks, George Dennis/0000-0001-5763-8660 NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 29 IS 4 BP 942 EP 943 DI 10.1086/520469 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 248RQ UT WOS:000083289500048 PM 10589921 ER PT J AU Purcell, BK Dooley, DP AF Purcell, BK Dooley, DP TI Centers for disease control and prevention group of bacterium-associated pneumonia complicated by bronchopulmonary fistula and bacteremia SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Purcell, BK (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Dept Med, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr,Bldg 3600, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 29 IS 4 BP 945 EP 946 DI 10.1086/520472 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 248RQ UT WOS:000083289500051 PM 10589924 ER PT J AU Brennan, FH AF Brennan, FH TI Recurrent epistaxis in a college athlete SO CLINICAL JOURNAL OF SPORT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA C1 Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Family Practice, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. RP Brennan, FH (reprint author), Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Family Practice, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1050-642X J9 CLIN J SPORT MED JI Clin. J. Sport Med. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 9 IS 4 BP 239 EP 240 DI 10.1097/00042752-199910000-00012 PG 2 WC Orthopedics; Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 259LB UT WOS:000083894400012 PM 10593222 ER PT J AU Dainer, MJ AF Dainer, MJ TI Vaginal birth and natural outcome SO CURRENT OPINION IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PELVIC-FLOOR; CONTINENCE AB Vaginal delivery is reviewed from a urogynecologic perspective. The birthing process is recognized to be clearly traumatic to the pelvic floor, Directed study is suggested as a means by which predisposing factors for injury may be identified. Ultimately we may be better able to select the optimal mode of delivery for all women. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 11:499-502. (C) 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Dainer, MJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1040-872X J9 CURR OPIN OBSTET GYN JI Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 11 IS 5 BP 499 EP 502 DI 10.1097/00001703-199910000-00015 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 242TU UT WOS:000082958400015 PM 10526929 ER PT J AU Weathers, BK Modesto, VL Gordon, D AF Weathers, BK Modesto, VL Gordon, D TI Isolated splenic metastasis from colorectal carcinoma - Report of a case and review of the literature SO DISEASES OF THE COLON & RECTUM LA English DT Review DE splenic metastases, isolated; splenic lesions; magnetic resonance imaging evaluation; carcinoembryonic antigen, elevation ID COLON AB In general, surgical resection for metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma rarely benefits more than a small percentage of patients long term. In the case of isolated splenic metastasis without evidence of ether metastatic disease, splenectomy may increase survival times in patients with previously resected colorectal adenocarcinoma. Currently there are only five case reports involving isolated splenic metastases in the English-language literature. This article presents a sixth case and a review of the previous five cases in the literature, with a discussion on the possible diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to these rare but important cases and the apparently significant survival advantage of early diagnosis and treatment. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Bragg, NC USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Bragg, NC USA. RP Weathers, BK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 5 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0012-3706 EI 1530-0358 J9 DIS COLON RECTUM JI Dis. Colon Rectum PD OCT PY 1999 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1345 EP 1348 PG 4 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery GA 246AA UT WOS:000083139900023 PM 10528777 ER PT J AU Bylsma, W AF Bylsma, W TI Median filtering - A useful tool for digital signal processing SO DR DOBBS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Warren, MI USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLER FREEMAN, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 600 HARRISON ST,, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1044-789X J9 DR DOBBS J JI Dr. Dobbs J. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 24 IS 10 BP 119 EP 121 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 235UG UT WOS:000082560500027 ER PT J AU Shedd, TR Widder, MW Toussaint, MW Sunkel, MC Hull, E AF Shedd, TR Widder, MW Toussaint, MW Sunkel, MC Hull, E TI Evaluation of the annual killifish Nothobranchius guentheri as a tool for rapid acute toxicity screening SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Nothobranchius guentheri; embryonic diapause; rapid acute toxicity test ID PENTACHLOROPHENOL; DAPHNIA AB This study evaluated the use of Nothobranchius guentheri as a novel organism for rapid acute toxicity screening. A major advantage of the species is that there is no need to maintain a continuous culture to have organisms immediately available for testing. Rather. the embryos are viable under long-term storage conditions and can be hatched within a few hours. The tests require only 24 h with standard laboratory equipment. Sensitivity levels for 11 representative toxicants were comparable to those reported for five of the standard U.S. Environmental Protection Agency test species requiring continuous culture. C1 USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Geoctr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Triops, Pensacola, FL 32524 USA. RP Shedd, TR (reprint author), USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, 568 Doughten Dr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 18 IS 10 BP 2258 EP 2261 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<2258:EOTAKN>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 240FD UT WOS:000082814500020 ER PT J AU Rockwood, GA Baskin, SI Romano, JA Murrow, ML Preville, JA Lee, RB Sweeney, RE AF Rockwood, GA Baskin, SI Romano, JA Murrow, ML Preville, JA Lee, RB Sweeney, RE TI Comparison of hematologic consequences and efficacy of p-aminophenones in mice SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methemoglobin; p-aminophenones; cyanide; mice; sodium nitrite; oxygen saturation (SAT) ID METHEMOGLOBIN FORMERS; CYANIDE; AMINOPROPIOPHENONE AB Controlled methemoglobin (MHb) formation is one strategy employed to counter cyanide (CN) toxicity. Currently available MHb formers present certain drawbacks and limitations. The purpose of this study was to characterize, in mice, the hematologic effects of the MHb-forming compound p-aminopropiophenone (PAPP), and two structurally-related p-aminophenones, p-amino-heptanoylphenone (PAHP) and p-aminooctanoylphenone (PAOP). Although these three p-aminophenones have been shown previously to be efficacious as pretreatments against CN, a more complete understanding of their hematologic effects is lacking. In addition, because the active form of PAPP has been shown to be its N-hydroxy metabolite, the N-hydroxy metabolites of PAPP, PAHP and PAOP were also tested. Using a hemoximeter, blood samples obtained -2 to + 180 min relative to intramuscular (i.m.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) drug injections were evaluated. Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and the appropriate solvents served as the positive and negative controls, respectively. Dose-, time-, route-, and compound-related effects were observed. MHb and sulfhemoglobin levels increased, whereas levels of those parameters related to oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, such as, oxygen saturation and oxyhemoglobin decreased. In general, the effects of PAHP and PAOP were longer lasting than those of PAPP and NaNO2. Furthermore, PAPP and NaNO2 were equally effective with either route of administration. Conversely, PAHP and PAOP showed larger effects when administered i.p. versus i.m. The animals treated with N-hydroxy metabolites of the p-aminophenones also showed similar changes in the hematological parameters measured. N-hydroxy PAPP was shown to be the most rapidly acting MHb-forming compound examined in this series. It could achieve therapeutic concentrations of MHb within 2 min and thus may be considered as a treatment for CN intoxication. Although additional work is needed, these data provide information that will be useful for the successful development of improved anti-CN MHb formers. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Robyn B Lee & Associates LLC, Fawn Grove, PA 17321 USA. RESECO Res Engn Consultants, Upper Darby, PA 19082 USA. RP Rockwood, GA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 7 IS 4 BP 237 EP 252 DI 10.1016/S1382-6689(99)00021-6 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 256TE UT WOS:000083741000002 PM 21781932 ER PT J AU Young, AJ Pandolf, KB AF Young, AJ Pandolf, KB TI Does erythrocyte infusion improve 3.2-km run performance at high altitude? Reply SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID OXYGEN-TRANSPORT; CHRONIC HYPOXIA C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Pandolf, KB (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0301-5548 J9 EUR J APPL PHYSIOL O JI Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 80 IS 5 BP 513 EP 515 DI 10.1007/s004210050628 PG 3 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 240VU UT WOS:000082848400019 ER PT J AU Yeom, HW Zhang, QH Dunne, CP AF Yeom, HW Zhang, QH Dunne, CP TI Inactivation of papain by pulsed electric fields in a continuous system SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-HELIX; ENZYMES AB Papain (E.C. 3.4.22.2), a cysteine protease in papaya, was activated with reducing agents and treated with pulsed electric fields (PEF) in a continuous system at 10 degrees C. Irreversible reduction of activity was observed in PEF-treated papain after 24 h storage at 4 degrees C. Oxidation of papain active site, a cyteine residue, was not the major cause of papain inactivation by PEF. Temperature did not increase over 35 degrees C during PEF treatment. The pH of papain solution was not changed after PEF treatment. Structural change was observed in PEF-treated papain by CD analysis. Inactivation of PEF-treated papain was related to the loss of alpha-helix structure. Heating at 60-80 degrees C for 2 min did not significantly reduce the activity of papain. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Zhang, QH (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, 2121 Fyffe Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM zhang.138@osu.edu NR 37 TC 67 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 EI 1873-7072 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 67 IS 1 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1016/S0308-8146(99)00109-0 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 220NY UT WOS:000081673100009 ER PT J AU Hirota, WK Wortmann, GW Maydonovitch, CL Chang, AS Midkiff, RB Wong, FKH Moses, FM AF Hirota, WK Wortmann, GW Maydonovitch, CL Chang, AS Midkiff, RB Wong, FKH Moses, FM TI The effect of oral decontamination with clindamycin palmitate on the incidence of bacteremia after esophageal dilation: a prospective trial SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Gastroenterology CY NOV 01-05, 1997 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Coll Gastroenterol ID BACTERIAL-ENDOCARDITIS; HURST BOUGIENAGE; STRICTURE; PREVENTION; DILATATION; THERAPY; PATIENT AB Background: Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent bacterial endocarditis is recommended in highrisk patients undergoing esophageal dilation, a high-risk procedure. Some studies suggest that the oropharynx is the source of bacteremia. A topical antibiotic mouthwash, which reduces bacterial colonization of the oral flora, might decrease bacteremia rates and would be an attractive alternative to systemic administration of antibiotics. Methods: Adults undergoing outpatient bougienage for a benign or malignant esophageal stricture were randomized in a clinician-blinded fashion to either pre-procedure clindamycin mouthwash or no treatment. Subjects were stratified by type of dilator used. Blood cultures were obtained immediately after the first esophageal dilation and 5 minutes after the last dilation. Results: Fifty-nine patients were enrolled: 30 in the treatment arm and 29 in the no-treatment arm. There were 7 positive blood cultures: 5 in the treatment arm and 29 in the no-treatment arm. The identified organisms were Streptococcus viridans (2), Staphylococcus mucilaginous (2), Lactobacillus (2), and Actinomyces odontolyticus (1). Patients with bacteremia reported greater subjective difficulty with dysphagia (p = 0.01) irrespective of stricture diameter, procurement of biopsies, or dilator type. Conclusions: The percentage of cases with bacteremia for all dilations performed in this manner was 12% (95% CI [5.3, 23.6]), much lower than previously cited. All organisms in this study were oral commensals. There appears to be no effect of a clindamycin mouthwash on reducing bacteremia after esophageal dilation. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gastroenterol Serv, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest & Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Gastroenterol Serv, Dept Med, Tacoma, WA USA. RP Moses, FM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gastroenterol Serv, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 50 IS 4 BP 475 EP 479 DI 10.1016/S0016-5107(99)70068-4 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 241VF UT WOS:000082903900004 PM 10502166 ER PT J AU Alkhalil, A Achur, RN Ockenhouse, CF Gowda, CD AF Alkhalil, A Achur, RN Ockenhouse, CF Gowda, CD TI Chondroitin sulfate-mediated adherence of malaria parasite-infected erythrocytes to human placenta SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD OCT PY 1999 VL 9 IS 10 MA 153 BP 1141 EP 1142 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 240DF UT WOS:000082810000168 ER PT J AU Naik, RS Woods, AS Cotter, RJ Ockenhouse, CF Davidson, EA Gowda, CD AF Naik, RS Woods, AS Cotter, RJ Ockenhouse, CF Davidson, EA Gowda, CD TI Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors of malaria parasite: Structures and antibody response in human. SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Oncol & Pharmacol & Mol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD OCT PY 1999 VL 9 IS 10 MA 151 BP 1141 EP 1141 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 240DF UT WOS:000082810000166 ER PT J AU Sjogren, MH Holtzmuller, KC Morris, EM Fileta, BB Rosen, DR Smith, MT Ho, J Greenspan, RB AF Sjogren, MH Holtzmuller, KC Morris, EM Fileta, BB Rosen, DR Smith, MT Ho, J Greenspan, RB TI Lack of HCV testing in subjects with abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT). SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1999 VL 30 IS 4 SU S MA 1358 BP 500A EP 500A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 239XE UT WOS:000082794701357 ER PT J AU Koff, JM Holtzmuller, KC Smith, MT Nicholson, DE Sjogren, MH AF Koff, JM Holtzmuller, KC Smith, MT Nicholson, DE Sjogren, MH TI Utility of HCV bDNA and RT-PCR in assessing response to therapy. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1999 VL 30 IS 4 SU S MA 1801 BP 611A EP 611A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 239XE UT WOS:000082794701796 ER PT J AU Saini, SS Heim, PJS Bartolo, RE Johnson, FG Stone, D Shen, H Pamulapati, J Zhou, W Dagenais, M AF Saini, SS Heim, PJS Bartolo, RE Johnson, FG Stone, D Shen, H Pamulapati, J Zhou, W Dagenais, M TI Mode expanded optical switch in resonant vertically coupled waveguides SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE alignment tolerant structures; electroabsorption; electrorefraction; fiber coupling; mode expanders; optical switches; resonant coupling; semiconductor quantum-well lasers ID MONOLITHIC INTEGRATION; MODULATORS; ELECTROABSORPTION; ELECTROREFRACTION; LASERS AB We propose and demonstrate a novel expanded mode voltage controlled optical switch based on electrorefraction and electroabsorption in resonantly coupled tapered vertical waveguides, The device was grown in a single standard epitaxial growth and was processed using conventional fabrication techniques. A 200-mu m-long mode transformation region was used for expanding the mode and optical switching. Greater than 20-dB switching contrast ratio was obtained with a reverse bias of less than 1 V. Reduced far-field divergence angles (8 degrees x 24 degrees) were also achieved. With good contrast ratio at low voltage bias and an inherent expanded mode, this device shows promise for low-cost optoelectronic switching applications. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Saini, SS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1259 EP 1261 DI 10.1109/68.789710 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 237FY UT WOS:000082645800019 ER PT J AU Trope, RL AF Trope, RL TI How not to forfeit Y2K Act protections SO IEEE SPECTRUM LA English DT Article C1 Trope & Trope, New York, NY USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Trope, RL (reprint author), Trope & Trope, New York, NY USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9235 J9 IEEE SPECTRUM JI IEEE Spectr. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 36 IS 10 BP 65 EP 69 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 242BQ UT WOS:000082918700018 ER PT J AU Goeckeritz, BE Flora, M Witherspoon, K Vos, Q Lees, A Dennis, GJ Pisetsky, DS Klinman, DM Snapper, CM Mond, JJ AF Goeckeritz, BE Flora, M Witherspoon, K Vos, Q Lees, A Dennis, GJ Pisetsky, DS Klinman, DM Snapper, CM Mond, JJ TI Multivalent cross-linking of membrane Ig sensitizes murine B cells to a broader spectrum of CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotide motifs, including their methylated counterparts, for stimulation of proliferation and Ig secretion SO INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antibodies; B lymphocytes; cellular activation; CpG; oligodeoxynucleotides; rodent; spleen ID BACTERIAL-DNA; SYNTHETIC OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INDEPENDENT ANTIGENS; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE; INTERFERON-GAMMA; ACTIVATION; INDUCTION; INTERLEUKIN-12; IMMUNOGLOBULIN AB We have previously reported that a cells that are activated by multivalent but not bivalent membrane Ig cross-linking ligands synergize with various B cell activators culminating in enhanced B cell proliferation, In this study we asked whether a cells that are activated by a multivalent mig cross-linking agonist could respond to oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing non-stimulatory motifs, Earlier reports have shown that ODN containing a CpG motif in which the cytosine is unmethylated and is flanked by two 5' purines and two 3' pyrimidines induce high levels of B cell activation, while ODN whose CpG are methylated or flanked by sequences other than the optimal two 5' purines and two 3' pyrimidines were non-stimulatory. In this manuscript we show that when B cells are stimulated in vitro with dextran-conjugated anti-IgD antibodies (anti-IgD-dex), as the multivalent mig ligand, their proliferation is enhanced and they can be induced to secrete Ig in response to ODN containing various non-optimal motifs, both methylated and non-methylated, Furthermore we could induce synergistic levels of proliferation with concentrations of anti-IgD-dex that were in the picomolar concentration range and with concentrations of ODN that were 10- to 100-fold less than previously reported to be necessary for mitogenic activity, These data provided a model to explain how low concentrations of a multi-epitope-expressing microorganism in the context of mammalian (methylated) or microorganism (non-methylated) DNA can lead to dysregulated B cell proliferation and Ig secretion. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Biomed Instrumentat Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Rheumatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham Vet Adm Hosp, Med Res Serv,Div Immunol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham Vet Adm Hosp, Med Res Serv,Div Rheumatol & Immunol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat, Retroviral Immunol Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Goeckeritz, BE (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Room A3060, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI36588] NR 27 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0953-8178 J9 INT IMMUNOL JI Int. Immunol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1693 EP 1700 DI 10.1093/intimm/11.10.1693 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 246KE UT WOS:000083162300012 PM 10508187 ER PT J AU Gaertner, EM Farley, JH Taylor, RR Silver, SA AF Gaertner, EM Farley, JH Taylor, RR Silver, SA TI Collision of uterine rhabdoid tumor and endometrioid adenocarcinoma: A case report and review of the literature SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE collision tumor; uterus; malignant rhabdoid tumor; endometrioid adenocarcinoma ID STROMAL SARCOMA; UTERUS; DIFFERENTIATION; NEOPLASMS; FEATURES; CARCINOSARCOMAS; PHENOTYPE; COMPONENT AB Extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumors have been reported in a variety of anatomic sites but infrequently in the female genital tract. In the uterus, they have been described as a pure tumor, in association with endometrial stromal sarcomas, and as a component of a malignant mullerian mixed tumor. This study reports an unusual uterine neoplasm in a 49-year-old woman, in which a malignant rhabdoid tumor occurred as a collision tumor with a well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma. The tumor was a 14-cm polypoid mass that filled the endometrial cavity. The two neoplastic components were distinct on microscopic and immunohistochemical examination. Ultrastructural examination confirmed the rhabdoid phenotype of the sarcomatous component. The patient died of disease 4 months after diagnosis with progression of the malignant rhabdoid tumor. The highly aggressive behavior of the rhabdoid (i.e., nonepithelial) component in this collision tumor lends support for a distinction of this neoplasm from a malignant mullerian mixed tumor, with which it may be confused. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Gynecol & Breast Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Silver, SA (reprint author), Magee Womens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-1691 J9 INT J GYNECOL PATHOL JI Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 18 IS 4 BP 396 EP 401 DI 10.1097/00004347-199910000-00017 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pathology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pathology GA 245RW UT WOS:000083122800017 PM 10542951 ER PT J AU Sawyer, TE AF Sawyer, TE TI Predictors of subclinical nodal involvement in clinical stages I and II non-small cell lung cancer - Why change the study objectives? Regarding Sawyer et al. IJROBP 43(5): 965-970; 1995 - In response to Dr. Beitler SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Sawyer, TE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, 6825 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 45 IS 3 BP 830 EP 830 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 243EA UT WOS:000082983000048 ER PT J AU Murphy, FT Howard, R Dennis, GJ George, R Kubota, K Fears, M Pope, V AF Murphy, FT Howard, R Dennis, GJ George, R Kubota, K Fears, M Pope, V TI A potential correlation between disease activity and the FTA-ABS test in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus SO JCR-JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ANTICARDIOLIPIN ANTIBODIES; CLINICAL-ASSESSMENT; REVISED CRITERIA; CLASSIFICATION; RELIABILITY; PROGNOSIS; VALIDITY C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med & Clin Invest, Div Clin Immunol & Rheumatol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Murphy, FT (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med & Clin Invest, Div Clin Immunol & Rheumatol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-1608 J9 JCR-J CLIN RHEUMATOL JI JCR-J. Clin. Rheumatol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 5 IS 5 BP 299 EP 302 PG 4 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 243UE UT WOS:000083015000016 ER PT J AU Godino, T Butani, RC Wong, PWK Murphy, FT AF Godino, T Butani, RC Wong, PWK Murphy, FT TI Acute drug-induced pancreatitis associated with celecoxib SO JCR-JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID SULFAMETHOXAZOLE-TRIMETHOPRIM; CYCLOOXYGENASE-2; OSTEOARTHRITIS; INHIBITORS C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Godino, T (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-1608 J9 JCR-J CLIN RHEUMATOL JI JCR-J. Clin. Rheumatol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 5 IS 5 BP 305 EP 307 PG 3 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 243UE UT WOS:000083015000019 ER PT J AU Lalumandier, JA Jones, JL AF Lalumandier, JA Jones, JL TI Fluoride concentrations in drinking water SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DENTAL FLUOROSIS; CARIES PREVALENCE; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; COMMUNITIES; EXPOSURE; PATTERNS; STUDENTS; PARENTS; ENAMEL AB The US Public Health Service sets optimal fluoride concentrations for community water supplies. The agency's recommendations were used to create a fluoridation map of the United States depicting optimal concentrations. This study determined how closely reported state optimal fluoride concentrations followed those on the map. The most recent fluoridation census statistics were used to determine the reported state optimal fluoride concentration, which represents the level at which community water supplies should be fluoridated according to state policy In only five states did the reported state optimal fluoride concentrations exactly match those on the fluoridation map, Eleven states reported lower state optimal fluoride concentrations on average; 32 reported higher amounts. As research and debate continue regarding optimal fluoride concentrations in drinking water, it is important that water plant operators stay current on fluoridation issues. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Community Dent, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USA, DENTAC, Ft Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. RP Lalumandier, JA (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Community Dent, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 91 IS 10 BP 42 EP 51 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 250GT UT WOS:000083381200010 ER PT J AU Chun, IS Reneker, DH Fong, H Fang, XY Deitzel, J Tan, NB Kearns, K AF Chun, IS Reneker, DH Fong, H Fang, XY Deitzel, J Tan, NB Kearns, K TI Carbon nanofibers from polyacrylonitrile and mesophase pitch (vol 31, pg 36, 1999) SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Akron, Inst Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. USAF, Wright Lab, AFMC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chun, IS (reprint author), Univ Akron, Inst Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 1070-9789 J9 J ADV MATER JI J. Adv. Mater. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 31 IS 4 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 244DR UT WOS:000083037000003 ER PT J AU Zielinski, AE Niles, S Powell, JD AF Zielinski, AE Niles, S Powell, JD TI Current and heat conduction during a pulsed electrical discharge SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB A technique has been developed to measure the surface temperature of an electrical conductor during a pulsed electrical discharge. The technique of two-color interferometry (radiometry) is used to make the temperature measurements. This article explains the technique and the issues encountered in performing such measurements on a conducting rod. In addition, a theoretical model for the current and heat transport for the pulsed conductor has been developed. Predicted and experimental results are compared. The measured thermal data support the assumption of a slightly nonuniform distribution in the current. This nonuniformity is suspected of causing the rod to fail prematurely. Values for the resistivity and specific heat are determined for temperatures as great as 470 degrees C. [S0021-8979(99)07219-9]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Zielinski, AE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 7 BP 3943 EP 3952 DI 10.1063/1.371312 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 237JL UT WOS:000082652400072 ER PT J AU Scozzie, CJ Lelis, AJ McLean, FB Vispute, RD Choopun, S Patel, A Sharma, RP Venkatesan, T AF Scozzie, CJ Lelis, AJ McLean, FB Vispute, RD Choopun, S Patel, A Sharma, RP Venkatesan, T TI Leakage currents in high-quality pulsed-laser deposited aluminum nitride on 6H silicon carbide from 25 to 450 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SIC/ALN AB The high-temperature dielectric properties of thin-film AlN that were pulsed-laser deposited on a heavily doped n-type 6H-SiC substrate are investigated from 25 to 450 degrees C. Capacitor leakage current densities of low 10(-8) A/cm(2) at 25 degrees C and mid 10(-3) A/cm(2) at 450 degrees C are reported for a 1.7 MV/cm dielectric field. The primary high-temperature leakage mechanism appears to be Schottky emission with a zero-field barrier height of 1.76 eV. A dielectric strength in excess of 1.7 MV/cm at 450 degrees C is reported. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)07019-X]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Scozzie, CJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013; OI Choopun, Supab/0000-0001-8518-9014 NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 7 BP 4052 EP 4054 DI 10.1063/1.371329 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 237JL UT WOS:000082652400089 ER PT J AU DiCarlo, CD Roach, WP Gagliano, DA Boppart, SA Hammer, DX Cox, AB Fujimoto, JG AF DiCarlo, CD Roach, WP Gagliano, DA Boppart, SA Hammer, DX Cox, AB Fujimoto, JG TI Comparison of optical coherence tomography imaging of cataracts with histopathology SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE cataracts; histopathology; lens; monkey; optical coherence tomography AB This paper presents a comparison of in vitro optical coherence tomography (OCT) captured cataract images to subsequent histopathological examination of the lenticular opacities. OCT Imaging was performed on anesthetized Rhesus monkeys, known as the delayed effects colony (DEC), with documented cataracts. These monkeys were exposed to several types of radiation during the mid and late 1960s. The radiation and age related cataracts in these animals were closely monitored using a unique grading system developed specifically for the DEC. In addition to this system, a modified version of a common cataract grading scheme for use in humans was applied. Of the original 18 monkeys imaged, lenses were collected at necropsy from seven of these animals, processed, and compared to OCT images, Results showed a direct correlation between the vertical OCT images and the cataractous lesions seen on corresponding histopathologic sections of the lenses. Based on the images obtained and their corresponding documented comparison to histopathology, OCT showed tremendous potential to aid identification and characterization of cataracts. There can be artifactual problems with the images related to movement and shadows produced by opacities. However, with the advent of increased speed in imaging and multiplanar imaging,;these disadvantages may easily be overcome. (C) 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S1083-3668(99)00404-9]. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Biomed Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Armstrong Lab, Radiofrequency Radiat Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP DiCarlo, CD (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Boppart, Stephen/C-7338-2009 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 4 IS 4 BP 450 EP 458 DI 10.1117/1.429951 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 260NQ UT WOS:000083957100010 PM 23014618 ER PT J AU Johnson, JF AF Johnson, JF TI Ureteropelvic junction obstruction associated with extrarenal pelvis: A potential cause of cystic abdominal mass anterior to a normal-appearing kidney in the newborn SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND LA English DT Article DE ultrasonography; extrarenal pelvis; ureteropelvic junction obstruction; cystic anterior abdominal mass AB An extrarenal pelvis is associated with the absence of central sinus echoes on sonography. However, central sinus echoes are normally inapparent in some newborns. Furthermore, true absence of a central sinus may cause calices to simulate normal renal pyramids so that the kidney appears normal in a fetus or newborn. This case illustrates the potential for an obstructed extrarenal pelvis in a fetus or newborn to distend so that it is mistaken on sonography for a cystic anterior abdominal mass unrelated to the kidney. However, the absence of central sinus echoes should suggest the diagnosis of an obstructed extrarenal pelvis if the adjacent cystic abdominal mass is positioned to obstruct an intrarenal pelvis. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Dept Army, Ft Sam Houston, TX 79234 USA. RP Johnson, JF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Dept Army, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr,Bldg 3600, Ft Sam Houston, TX 79234 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0091-2751 J9 J CLIN ULTRASOUND JI J. Clin. Ultrasound PD OCT PY 1999 VL 27 IS 8 BP 474 EP 477 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0096(199910)27:8<474::AID-JCU10>3.0.CO;2-9 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 237MF UT WOS:000082659600010 PM 10477891 ER PT J AU Shaker, M Ko, F Song, J AF Shaker, M Ko, F Song, J TI Comparison of the low and high velocity impact response of kevlar fiber-reinforced epoxy composites SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE kevlar-fabric reinforced epoxy; impact test; low velocity; high velocity; 3-D braid; basket weave AB Failure mechanisms of basket weave and 3-D braided Kevlar-fabric reinforced epoxy composites under low and high velocity impacts have been studied. The purpose of this study is to examine the initiation and development of damage under these two widely differing loading conditions an 2-D and 3-D structure fabric composites. The critical evaluation of post-damage composite panels was conducted using a combination of high magnification photography, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The first objective, quantification, has been realized in principle with regards to laminated composites, and it has been demonstrated that dispersive failure occurs in these composites. The second objective in this work established the relationship between kinetic energy absorbed and the damage tolerance of interleaved composites as assessed by the impact tests. High velocity impact loading by a small projectile is generally more detrimental to the integrity of a composite structure than low velocity dropweight impact loading. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Fiber & Polymer Sci Div, Sci & Technol Directorate, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Shaker, M (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0884-6804 J9 J COMPOS TECH RES JI J. Compos. Technol. Res. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 21 IS 4 BP 224 EP 229 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 249AQ UT WOS:000083310100006 ER PT J AU Edwards, K Brandon, S Derby, JJ AF Edwards, K Brandon, S Derby, JJ TI Transient effects during the horizontal Bridgman growth of cadmium zinc telluride SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article ID CONSTANT MAGNETIC-FIELD; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; SHELF GROWTH; PHASE-CHANGE; CONVECTION; FLOW; CDTE; CONFIGURATION; SOLIDIFICATION AB The horizontal Bridgman growth of cadmium zinc telluride is investigated with respect to the coupling of heat, momentum, and mass transport using a two-dimensional, time-dependent, finite element model. Growth at crucible translation rates fast enough to result in purely transient behavior is shown to encourage the favored shelf growth morphology and reduce the axial segregation of zinc in the shelf. Fast crucible translation violates the conventional goal of quasi-steady melt growth conditions; however, this time-dependent processing strategy yields beneficial results for the growth of this material. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Derby, JJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Army HPC Res Ctr, 151 Amundson Hall,421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI Derby, Jeffrey/B-9706-2009; OI Derby, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6418-2155 NR 55 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD OCT PY 1999 VL 206 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 50 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(99)00306-1 PG 14 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 240ZP UT WOS:000082856900006 ER PT J AU Tanenbaum, PJ AF Tanenbaum, PJ TI Simultaneous intersection representation of pairs of graphs SO JOURNAL OF GRAPH THEORY LA English DT Article DE intersection graphs; polysemy AB We characterize the pairs (G(1),G(2)) of graphs on a shared vertex set that are intersection polysemic: those for which the vertices may be assigned subsets of a universal set such that G(1) is the intersection graph of the subsets and G(2) is the intersection graph of their complements. We also consider several special cases and explore bounds on the size of the universal set. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 32: 171-190, 1999. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Tanenbaum, PJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0364-9024 J9 J GRAPH THEOR JI J. Graph Theory PD OCT PY 1999 VL 32 IS 2 BP 171 EP 190 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0118(199910)32:2<171::AID-JGT7>3.0.CO;2-N PG 20 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 235JT UT WOS:000082539100007 ER PT J AU Walsh, DS Looareesuwan, S Wilairatana, P Heppner, DG Tang, DB Brewer, TG Chokejindachai, W Viriyavejakul, P Kyle, DE Milhous, WK Schuster, BG Horton, J Braitman, DJ Brueckner, RP AF Walsh, DS Looareesuwan, S Wilairatana, P Heppner, DG Tang, DB Brewer, TG Chokejindachai, W Viriyavejakul, P Kyle, DE Milhous, WK Schuster, BG Horton, J Braitman, DJ Brueckner, RP TI Randomized dose-ranging study of the safety and efficacy of WR 238605 (tafenoquine) in the prevention of relapse of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Thailand SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg ID CHLOROQUINE-RESISTANT STRAIN; ANTIMALARIAL; PRIMAQUINE; WR-238605; PHARMACOKINETICS; PROPHYLAXIS AB WR 238605 is an 8-aminoquinoline developed for the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax. Forty-four P. vivax-infected patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment regimens: 3 groups received a blood schizonticidal dose of chloroquine followed by WR 238605: group A (n = 15) received 300 mg daily for 7 days; group B (n = 11), 500 mg daily for 3 days, repeated 1 week after the initial dose; group C (n = 9), 1 dose of 500 mg, A fourth group (D; n = 9) received chloroquine only. Among patients who completed 2-6 months of follow-up (n = 23), there was I relapse in group B (day 120) and 1 in group C (day 112), Among patients treated with chloroquine only, there were 4 relapses (days 40, 43, 49, and 84), WR 238605 was safe, well tolerated, and effective in preventing P. vivax relapse. C1 USA, Dept Immunol & Med, Med Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok Hosp Trop Dis, Bangkok, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biometr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Med & Mat Dev Act, Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD USA. SmithKline Beecham Inc, London, England. RP Walsh, DS (reprint author), AFRIMS, APO, AP 96546 USA. NR 17 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 180 IS 4 BP 1282 EP 1287 DI 10.1086/315034 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 243WB UT WOS:000083019500045 PM 10479159 ER EF