FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Thompson, MW AF Thompson, MW TI Surfactant protein B deficiency: Insights into surfactant function through clinical surfactant protein deficiency SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE respiratory distress syndrome; high-frequency ventilation; lung transplantation; transgenic mice ID CONGENITAL ALVEOLAR PROTEINOSIS; RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS SYNDROME; MODEL MEMBRANE BILAYERS; MESSENGER-RNA; SP-A; GENE; EXPRESSION; FAILURE; NEWBORN; DISEASE AB Surfactant protein B (SP-B) deficiency is a disorder of surfactant function with complete or transient absence of SP-B in term neonates. SP-B, 1 of 4 described surfactant-associated proteins, plays a key role in surfactant metabolism, particularly in intracellular packaging of surfactant components, formation of tubular myelin, and the presentation of the surfactant phospholipid monolayer to the air-fluid interface within the alveolus. Neonates with clinical SP-B deficiency best demonstrate the key role of SP-B in surfactant function. "Classic" deficiency results in severe respiratory failure in term infants and death unless lung transplantation is performed. Because the initial description of complete deficiency secondary to a homozygous frameshift mutation in codon 121 of the SP-B cDNA, partial deficiencies with differing genetic backgrounds and less severe clinical courses have been reported. These partial deficiency states may provide a clearer picture of genotype/phenotype relationships in SP-B function and surfactant metabolism. SP-B deficiency or dysfunction may be more common than once thought and may play a significant role in neonatal lung disease. C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Thompson, MW (reprint author), USN, Natl Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0002-9629 J9 AM J MED SCI JI Am. J. Med. Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 321 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1097/00000441-200101000-00005 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 390YB UT WOS:000166326400005 PM 11202476 ER PT J AU Choi, YU North, JH AF Choi, YU North, JH TI Diaphragmatic hernia after Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy manifested as lower gastrointestinal bleeding SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article ID TRANSHIATAL ESOPHAGECTOMY; COLON AB Diaphragmatic hernia after esophageal resection is a recognized but rare complication. Parahiatal hernias may result from manipulation and extension of the crura during surgery. This can lead to a wide array of symptoms depending on the extent and organ that is herniated, A high index of suspicion is required because there is no one symptom that is specific for herniation, This report represents the first case of a patient presenting with lower gastrointestinal bleed from a parahiatal hernia after esophageal resection. C1 Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP North, JH (reprint author), Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 8 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 67 IS 1 BP 30 EP 32 PG 3 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 395RA UT WOS:000166594000008 PM 11206892 ER PT J AU Jenkins, AL Yin, R Jensen, JL AF Jenkins, AL Yin, R Jensen, JL TI Molecularly imprinted polymer sensors for pesticide and insecticide detection in water SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRIC DETECTION; DIODE-ARRAY DETECTION; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SELECTIVE DETECTION; RESIDUES; RECOGNITION; BIOSENSORS AB Antibodies, peptides, and enzymes are often used as molecular recognition elements in chemical and biological sensors. However, their lack of stability and signal transduction mechanisms limits their use as sensing devices. Recent advances in the field of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have created synthetic materials that can mimic the function of biological receptors but with less stability constraints. These polymers can provide high sensitivity and selectivity while maintaining excellent thermal and mechanical stability. To further enhance the advantages of the traditional imprinted polymer approach, an additional fluorescent component has been introduced into these polymers. Such a component provides enhanced chemical affinity as well as a method for signal transduction. In this type of imprinted polymer, binding of the target analyte invokes a specific spectral signature from the reporter molecule. Previous work has provided molecularly imprinted polymers that are selective for the hydrolysis products of organophosphorus species such as the nerve agents sarin and soman. (A. L. Jenkins, O. M. Uy and G. M. Murray, Anal. Chem., 1999, 71, 373). In this paper the direct imprinting of non-hydrolyzed organophosphates including pesticides and insecticides is described. Detection limits for these newly developed MIP sensors are less than 10 parts per trillion (ppt) with long linear dynamic ranges (ppt to ppm) and response times of less than 15 min. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USA, Soldier Biol Chem Command, AMSSB RRT 2, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Jenkins, AL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM MA Bldg 4600, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 28 TC 94 Z9 116 U1 10 U2 58 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2001 VL 126 IS 6 BP 798 EP 802 DI 10.1039/b008853f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 437KL UT WOS:000168990800014 PM 11445940 ER PT J AU Fell, NF Pellegrino, PM Gillespie, JB AF Fell, NF Pellegrino, PM Gillespie, JB TI Mitigating phosphate interference in bacterial endospore detection by Tb dipicolinate photoluminescence SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE bacterial endospore detection; lanthanide photoluminescence; terbium; dipicolinic acid ID TERBIUM; LANTHANIDE(III); LIGAND AB A new technique for the detection of bacterial endospores using terbium dipicolinate photoluminescence has been previously reported in the literature. The performance of this technique is adversely affected by the presence of substances that contain phosphate ions. This deficiency must be overcome before this method can be used as a viable means of detecting bacterial endospores. We have experimentally investigated methods for mitigating the phosphate problem and demonstrate that the addition of AlCl3 is a solution to the problem. Proper experimental procedures for this method are also presented. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRLSEEO, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Fell, NF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRLSEEO, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 426 IS 1 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)01184-3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 389FA UT WOS:000166226900005 ER PT J AU Jakubowski, EM Heykamp, LS Durst, HD Thomson, SA AF Jakubowski, EM Heykamp, LS Durst, HD Thomson, SA TI Preliminary studies in the formation of ethyl methylphosphonofluoridate from rat and human serum exposed to VX and treated with fluoride ion SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE VX; O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl]; methylphosphonothioate; serum; chemical warfare agents; nerve agents; gas chromatography; flame photometric detector; fluoride ion ID 1,2,2-TRIMETHYLPROPYL METHYLPHOSPHONOFLUORIDATE; SOMAN AB A method has been developed for the analysis of a VX nerve agent biomarker in blood that is very sensitive, selective and within the capabilities of modern held mobile laboratories. A VX biomarker was found in spiked human and rat sera after treatment with fluoride ion and acetate buffer. VX was detected by the generation of its corresponding G-series derivative, ethyl methylphosphonofluoridate (VX-G). This method utilizes a C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by quantification using a gas chromatograph with either a flame photometric detector (GC-FPD) or a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Samples are concentrated by injecting 40-400 uL of extract on a Tenax((R))-TA sorbent tube along with 100 pg of decadeuterated diethyl ethyl phosphonate as the internal standard followed by thermal desorption GC-FPD analysis and GC-MS confirmation. VX-G was completely resolved from sarin (GB) and the method has the potential to resolve other nerve agents in the VX series of cholinesterase inhibitors: The method detection limit was 10.5 pg of agent on column. Quality control samples were analyzed and yielded spike recoveries greater than 95%. C1 EAI Corp, Abingdon, MD 21009 USA. USA, Res & Technok Directorate, ECBC, APG EA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Jakubowski, EM (reprint author), EAI Corp, 1308 Continental Dr,Suite J, Abingdon, MD 21009 USA. NR 7 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 2001 VL 34 IS 5 BP 727 EP 737 DI 10.1081/AL-100103215 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 455RU UT WOS:000170041100007 ER PT S AU Perovich, DK Richter-Menge, JA Tucker, WB AF Perovich, DK Richter-Menge, JA Tucker, WB BE Jeffries, MO Eicken, H TI Seasonal changes in Arctic sea-ice morphology SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 33 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Glaciological-Society Symposium on Sea Ice and Its Interactions with the Ocean, Atmosphere and Biosphere CY JUN 19-23, 2000 CL UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SP Arct Res Consortium US, Frontier Res Syst Global Change, US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res, Amer Geophys Union, Int Arct Sci Comm, Int Assoc Phys Sci Ocean, Sea Ice Commiss, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, Japanese Soc Snow & Ice, Sci Comm Antarct Res HO UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS ID SOLAR-RADIATION; OCEAN; SUMMER; MODEL; THICKNESS; COVER AB The morphology of the Arctic sea-ice cover undergoes large changes over all annual cycle, These changes have a significant impact on the heat budget of the ice cover, primarily by affecting the distribution of the solar radiation absorbed in the ice-ocean system. In spring, the ice is snow-covered and ridges are the prominent features. The pack consists of large angular floes, with a small amount of open water contained primarily in linear leads. By the end Of Summer the ice cover has undergone a major transformation. The snow cover is gone, many of the ridges have been reduced to hummocks and the ice surface is mottled with melt ponds. One surface characteristic that changes little during the summer is the appearance of the bare ice, which remains white despite significant melting. The large floes have broken into a mosaic of smaller, rounded floes surrounded by a lace of open water. Interestingly, this break-up occurs during summer when the dynamic forcing and the internal ice stress are small. During the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) field experiment we had all opportunity to Observe the break-tip process both oil a small scale from the ice surface, and oil a larger scale via aerial photographs. Floe break-up resulted in large part from thermal deterioration of the ice. The large floes of spring are riddled with cracks and leads that Formed and froze during fall, winter and spring. These features melt open during summer, weakening the ice so that modest dynamic forcing can break apart the large floes into many fragments. Associated with this break-up is an increase in the number of floes, a decrease in the size of floes, an increase in floe perimeter and an increase in the area of open water. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Perovich, DK (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-28-8 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2001 VL 33 BP 171 EP 176 DI 10.3189/172756401781818716 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BT59X UT WOS:000173446300026 ER PT S AU Eicken, H Tucker, WB Perovich, DK AF Eicken, H Tucker, WB Perovich, DK BE Jeffries, MO Eicken, H TI Indirect measurements of the mass balance of summer Arctic sea ice with an electromagnetic induction technique SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 33 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Glaciological-Society Symposium on Sea Ice and Its Interactions with the Ocean, Atmosphere and Biosphere CY JUN 19-23, 2000 CL UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SP Arct Res Consortium US, Frontier Res Syst Global Change, US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res, Amer Geophys Union, Int Arct Sci Comm, Int Assoc Phys Sci Ocean, Sea Ice Commiss, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, Japanese Soc Snow & Ice, Sci Comm Antarct Res HO UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS ID COVER; THICKNESS; BRINE AB In the framework of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) study indirect, non-invasive ice mass-balance measurements were carried out at a drifting station in the northern Chukchi Sea between May and August 1998. Ice thickness was derived from electromagnetic induction (EM) measurements of apparent conductivity along 13 profiles (60 900 m long). As shown through sensitivity studies with a one-dimensional model, the apparent conductivity data from individual points can be inverted to yield estimates ofice thickness and ablation with an accuracy of approximately 0.05 m (for 2 m thick level ice). Ablation rates were 8-18 mm d(-1), with total ablation amounting to roughly 0.9 1.2 in. Measurements of thickness and melt rates along different profiles in undeformed multi-year ice corresponded closely, indicating that the sampling statistics are adequate. The roughness of undeformed ice has been found to increase during the summer due to deepening of melt ponds and enhanced bottom Melt. Ice under melt ponds was disproportionately thinner, most likely a result of thicker snow cover reducing winter accretion. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03775 USA. RP Eicken, H (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RI Eicken, Hajo/M-6901-2016 NR 21 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-28-8 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2001 VL 33 BP 194 EP 200 DI 10.3189/172756401781818356 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BT59X UT WOS:000173446300030 ER PT S AU Richter-Menge, JA Perovich, DK Pegau, WS AF Richter-Menge, JA Perovich, DK Pegau, WS BE Jeffries, MO Eicken, H TI Summer ice dynamics during SHEBA and its effect on the ocean heat content SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 33 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Glaciological-Society Symposium on Sea Ice and Its Interactions with the Ocean, Atmosphere and Biosphere CY JUN 19-23, 2000 CL UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SP Arct Res Consortium US, Frontier Res Syst Global Change, US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res, Amer Geophys Union, Int Arct Sci Comm, Int Assoc Phys Sci Ocean, Sea Ice Commiss, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, Japanese Soc Snow & Ice, Sci Comm Antarct Res HO UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS ID ARCTIC SEA-ICE; TURBULENT HEAT; PACK ICE; LEADS; EXCHANGE AB Winter ice dynamics plays an important role in the energy budget of the air-ice-occan system, through the formation of leads and ridges. In summer, thermodynamic processes cause a transition in the ice pack from a mechanical continuum to an ensemble of floes that move in a state of free drift, with little floe-floe interaction. Results from the recent Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) experiment have demonstrated that even under summer conditions, ice dynamics can still cause dramatic changes in the characteristics of the ice-ocean matrix that affect the energy budget. To illustrate this, we present observations taken before and after a period of sustained, moderate winds in late July 1998, which was preceded by an extended period of low winds. These conditions resulted in significant differential motion of ice floes in the vicinity of SHEBA. The measurements include the mass balance of the ice cover, the distribution of ice and open water, and salinity and temperature profiles in leads. The data show that after the storm there was a significant change in the amount and distribution of open-water areas, that there was an increase in the rate of bottom ablation, and that a stratified layer of warm fresh water that had formed at the top of leads during melt had become mixed. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Richter-Menge, JA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-28-8 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2001 VL 33 BP 201 EP 206 DI 10.3189/172756401781818176 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BT59X UT WOS:000173446300031 ER PT S AU Perovich, DK Elder, BC AF Perovich, DK Elder, BC BE Jeffries, MO Eicken, H TI Temporal evolution of Arctic sea-ice temperature SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 33 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Glaciological-Society Symposium on Sea Ice and Its Interactions with the Ocean, Atmosphere and Biosphere CY JUN 19-23, 2000 CL UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SP Arct Res Consortium US, Frontier Res Syst Global Change, US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res, Amer Geophys Union, Int Arct Sci Comm, Int Assoc Phys Sci Ocean, Sea Ice Commiss, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, Japanese Soc Snow & Ice, Sci Comm Antarct Res HO UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS ID CO2 AB Vertical profiles of temperature from the air through the snow and ice and into the upper ocean were measured over an annual cycle, from October 1997 to October 1998, as part of a study of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA). These observations were made at nine locations, including young ice, ponded ice, undeformed ice, a hummock, a consolidated ridge and a new blocky ridge. All of the sites had similar environmental forcing, with air temperatures at the different sites typically within 1degreesC. In general, the seasonal evolution of ice temperature followed a pattern of (1) a cold front propagating down through the ice in the fall, (2) cold ice temperatures and ice growth in late fall, winter and early spring, and (3) warming to the freezing point in the summer. Within this general pattern, there was considerable spatial variability in the temperature profiles, particularly during winter. For example, snow/ice interface temperatures varied by as much as 30degreesC between sites. The coldest ice temperatures were observed in a consolidated ridge with a thin snow cover, while the warmest were in ponded ice. The warm pond temperatures were a result of two factors: the initial cooling in the fall was retarded by freezing of pond water, and the depressed surface of the pond was quickly covered by a deep layer of snow (0.6 m). In an 8 in thick unconsolidated ridge, the cold front did not penetrate to the ice bottom during winter, and a portion of the interior remained below freezing during the summer. The spatial variability in snow depth and ice conditions can result in situations where there is significant horizontal transport of heat. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Perovich, DK (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 17 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-28-8 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2001 VL 33 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.3189/172756401781818158 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BT59X UT WOS:000173446300032 ER PT S AU Sturm, M Holmgren, J Perovich, DK AF Sturm, M Holmgren, J Perovich, DK BE Jeffries, MO Eicken, H TI Spatial variations in the winter heat flux at SHEBA: estimates from snow-ice interface temperatures SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 33 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Glaciological-Society Symposium on Sea Ice and Its Interactions with the Ocean, Atmosphere and Biosphere CY JUN 19-23, 2000 CL UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SP Arct Res Consortium US, Frontier Res Syst Global Change, US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res, Amer Geophys Union, Int Arct Sci Comm, Int Assoc Phys Sci Ocean, Sea Ice Commiss, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, Japanese Soc Snow & Ice, Sci Comm Antarct Res HO UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS ID SEA-ICE; CLIMATE; MODEL; CO2 AB The temperature of the snow-ice interface was measured every 2.4 h throughout winter 1997/98 at 30 locations near the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) camp in the Beaufort Sea. Measurements were obtained from young ice, ridges, refrozen melt ponds and ice hummocks. Average snow depths at these locations were 567 cm, while mean interface temperatures ranged from -8degrees to -25degreesC, with minimums varying from -12degrees to -39degreesC. Interface temperatures were linearly related to snow depth, with increasing scatter at greater depths. The conductive heat flux during the winter, F-c, was estimated for each location using air and interface temperatures, snow depths and measured snow thermal conductivities. F-c, was integrated to determine total heat loss for the winter at each site. Losses varied by a factor of four, with variations over short distances (10 m) as large as the variations between ice floes. Spot measurements along traverse lines confirm that large variations in interface temperature are common, and imply that small-scale spatial variability in the conductive flux is widespread. A comparison of the dependence of F-c on snow depth and ice thickness based on our observations with the dependence predicted by a one-dimensional theoretical model suggests that spatial heterogeneity may be an important issue to consider when estimating the heat flux over large aggregate areas. We suggest that the small-scale variability in the conductive flux arises because the combined snow and ice geometry can produce significant horizontal conduction of heat. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Sturm, M (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, POB 35170, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-28-8 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2001 VL 33 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.3189/172756401781818437 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BT59X UT WOS:000173446300033 ER PT S AU Hopkins, MA Shen, HH AF Hopkins, MA Shen, HH BE Jeffries, MO Eicken, H TI Simulation of pancake-ice dynamics in a wave field SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 33 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Glaciological-Society Symposium on Sea Ice and Its Interactions with the Ocean, Atmosphere and Biosphere CY JUN 19-23, 2000 CL UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SP Arct Res Consortium US, Frontier Res Syst Global Change, US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res, Amer Geophys Union, Int Arct Sci Comm, Int Assoc Phys Sci Ocean, Sea Ice Commiss, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, Japanese Soc Snow & Ice, Sci Comm Antarct Res HO UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS AB From many Field observations, it has become well known that pancake ice is ubiquitous in a wave-dominated sea. These strikingly uniform circular floes are consistently found in the Antarctic during the ice-formation season. Their presence has also been reported in the Bering Sea, the Greenland Sea and in polynyas and leads, within pack ice. In mic estimate made by P. Wadhams (personal communication, 1991), the areal coverage of pancake ice in the Southern Ocean marginal ice zone is around 6 x 10(6) km(2). Pancake ice Forms through a combination of thermodynamic growth and mechanical thickening, caused by rafting of floes that is driven by wave motion. This complex growth process is much faster than pure thermodynamic growth and hence may be the main factor responsible for ice-edge advance in marginal ice zones. In this paper we simulate wave/ice-floe dynamics by combining a new three-dimensional discrete element model with wave hydrodynamics. In one set of simulations we calculate ice-drift speed as a function of wave amplitude and ice collisional dynamics, In a second set of simulations we place a non-reflecting vertical barrier meant to simulate the fast-ice edge. The simulation results show the rate of increase of the ice impact force oil the barrier, and the accompanying thickening of the rafted region in front of the barrier, as a function of wave amplitude. Results from this Study will help quantify the formation process for pancake-ice covers in a wave field. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. RP Hopkins, MA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-28-8 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2001 VL 33 BP 355 EP 360 DI 10.3189/172756401781818527 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BT59X UT WOS:000173446300056 ER PT S AU Shen, HH Ackley, SF Hopkins, MA AF Shen, HH Ackley, SF Hopkins, MA BE Jeffries, MO Eicken, H TI A conceptual model for pancake-ice formation in a wave field SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 33 SE Annals of Glaciology-Series LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Glaciological-Society Symposium on Sea Ice and Its Interactions with the Ocean, Atmosphere and Biosphere CY JUN 19-23, 2000 CL UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, FAIRBANKS, AK SP Artic Res Consortium US, Frontier Res Syst Global Change, US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res, Amer Geophys Union, Int Artic Sci Comm, Int Assoc Phys Sci Ocean, Sea Ice Commiss, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, Japanese Soc Snow & Ice, Sci Comm Antarct Res HO UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS ID GREASE ICE; OCEAN WAVES; SEA ICE; ATTENUATION; ZONE AB It is well known that waves jostle frazil-ice crystals together, providing opportunities for them to compact into floes. The shape of these consolidated floes is nearly circular, hence the name: pancakes. From field and laboratory observations, the size of these pancakes seems to depend on the wavelength. Further aggregation of these individual pancakes produces the seasonal ice cover. Pancake-ice covers prevail in the marginal ice zone of the Southern Ocean and along the edges of many polar and subpolar seas. This theoretical paper describes conceptually the. formation process of a pancake-ice cover in a wave field. The mechanisms that affect the evolution of the entire ice cover are discussed. Governing equations for the time-rate change of the floe diameter, its thickness and the thickness of the ice-cover are derived based on these mechanisms. Two criteria are proposed to determine the maximum floe size under a given wave condition, one based on bending and the other on stretching. Field and laboratory observations to date are discussed in view of this theory. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Corps Engineers, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Shen, HH (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-28-8 J9 ANN GLACIOL-SER PY 2001 VL 33 BP 361 EP 367 DI 10.3189/172756401781818239 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BT59X UT WOS:000173446300057 ER PT S AU Weatherly, JW Arblaster, JM AF Weatherly, JW Arblaster, JM BE Jeffries, MO Eicken, H TI Sea ice and climate in 20th-and 21st-century simulations with a global atmosphere-ocean-ice model SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 33 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Glaciological-Society Symposium on Sea Ice and Its Interactions with the Ocean, Atmosphere and Biosphere CY JUN 19-23, 2000 CL UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SP Arct Res Consortium US, Frontier Res Syst Global Change, US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res, Amer Geophys Union, Int Arct Sci Comm, Int Assoc Phys Sci Ocean, Sea Ice Commiss, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, Japanese Soc Snow & Ice, Sci Comm Antarct Res HO UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS ID ARCTIC OSCILLATION; SURFACE AB A global atmosphere-ocean-sea-ice general circulation model (GCM) is used in simulations of climate with greenhouse gas concentrations and sulfate acrosols prescribed from observational data (1870-1995) and future projections (1995-2100). Simulations that include the variability in solar flux from 1870 through 1995 are also performed. The variation in solar flux of +/-2W m(2) produces a global temperature change of +/- 0.2degreesC in the model. The more recent simulated warming trend produced by increasing greenhouse gases exceeds this solar-flux warming, although the solar flux contributes to some of the simulated present-day warm temperatures. The future increases in greenhouse gases produce an increase in global temperature of 1.2degreesC over 70 years, with significant decreases in Arctic ice thickness and area. The model exhibits an atmospheric pressure mode similar to the Arctic Oscillation, with different correlation indices between the North Atlantic and North Pacific pressure anomalies. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Weatherly, JW (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RI Arblaster, Julie/C-1342-2010 OI Arblaster, Julie/0000-0002-4287-2363 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-28-8 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2001 VL 33 BP 521 EP 524 DI 10.3189/172756401781818077 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BT59X UT WOS:000173446300079 ER PT J AU Rothenberg, ML Kuhn, JG Schaaf, LJ Rodriguez, GI Eckhardt, SG Villalona-Calero, MA Rinaldi, DA Hammond, LA Hodges, S Sharma, A Elfring, GL Petit, RG Locker, PK Miller, LL von Hoff, DD AF Rothenberg, ML Kuhn, JG Schaaf, LJ Rodriguez, GI Eckhardt, SG Villalona-Calero, MA Rinaldi, DA Hammond, LA Hodges, S Sharma, A Elfring, GL Petit, RG Locker, PK Miller, LL von Hoff, DD TI Phase I dose-finding and pharmacokinetic trial of irinotecan (CPT-11) administered every two weeks SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE camptothecin; CPT-11; dose-finding; irinotecan; pharmacokinetics; phase I clinical trial; topoisomerase I ID METASTATIC COLORECTAL-CANCER; CAMPTOTHECIN DERIVATIVE IRINOTECAN; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; TOPOISOMERASE-I; FLUOROURACIL FAILURE; SN-38; METABOLITE; SCHEDULE; MULTICENTER; CARCINOMA AB Objectives: This trial was performed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), and pharmacokinetic profile of irinotecan (CPT-11) when administered on a once-every-2-week schedule. Patients and methods: CPT-11 was administered to successive cohorts of patients at progressively increasing starting doses ranging from 125 to 350 mg/m(2). The MTD and DLTs were determined both for CPT-11 alone and for CPT-11 followed by filgrastim (G-CSF). Plasma samples were obtained during the first 24 hours after initial dosing to determine the total concentrations (lactone + carboxylate forms) of CPT-11; of the active metabolite SN-38; and of SN-38 glucuronide (SN-38G). Results: Neutropenic fever was the DLT for CPT-11 at the 300 mg/m(2) dose level. When G-CSF was added, dose escalation beyond 350 mg/m(2) could not be achieved due to grade 2-3 toxicities that prevented on-time retreatment with CPT-11. Severe, late diarrhea was uncommon on this schedule. Peak plasma concentrations of SN-38 and SN-38G were approximately 2.5% and 4.2% of the corresponding peak plasma concentration for CPT-11, respectively. The harmonic mean terminal half-lives for CPT-11, SN-38, and SN-38G were 7.1 hours, 13.4 hours, and 12.7 hours, respectively. No predictive correlation was observed between CPT-11 or SN-38 peak concentration or AUC and first-cycle diarrhea, neutropenia, nausea, or vomiting. Across the range of doses studied, mean CPT-11 clearance was 14.0 +/- 4.0 l/h/m(2) and volume of distribution was 146 +/- 45.9 l/m(2). Conclusions: When administered every two weeks, the recommended phase II starting dose of CPT-11 is 250 mg/m(2) when given alone and 300 mg/m(2) when supported by G-CSF. This every-two-week regimen offers a tolerable and active alternative to weekly or every-three-week single-agent CPT-11 therapy. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Canc Therapy & Res Ctr S Texas, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Pharmacia Corp, Peapack, NJ USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Rothenberg, ML (reprint author), Vanderbilt Ingram Comprehens Canc Ctr, 777 Preston Res Bldg, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RI Schaaf, Larry/A-9417-2008 FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA 54174]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-01346] NR 31 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PY 2001 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1631 EP 1641 DI 10.1023/A:1013157727506 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 499TJ UT WOS:000172586200026 PM 11822765 ER PT J AU Hawley, RJ Eitzen, EM AF Hawley, RJ Eitzen, EM TI Biological weapons - A primer for microbiologists SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE personal protection; incident response; decontamination ID ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS; BIOTERRORISM; TERRORISM; DISINFECTANTS; HYPOCHLORITE; MANAGEMENT; GUIDELINE; HOSPITALS; WARFARE; AGENTS AB Biological weapons are not new. Biological agents have been used as instruments of warfare and terror for thousands of years to produce fear and harm in humans, animals, and plants. Because they are invisible, silent, odorless, and tasteless, biological agents may be used as an ultimate weapon-easy to disperse and inexpensive to produce. Individuals in a laboratory or research environment can be protected against potentially hazardous biological agents by using engineering controls, good laboratory and microbiological techniques, personal protective equipment, decontamination procedures, and common sense. In the field or during a response to an incident, only personal protective measures, equipment, and decontamination procedures may be available. In either scenario, an immediate evaluation of the situation is foremost, applying risk management procedures to control the risks affecting health, safety, and the environment. The microbiologist and biological safety professional can provide a practical assessment of the biological weapons incident to responsible officials in order to help address microbiological and safety issues, minimize fear and concerns of those responding to the incident, and help manage individuals potentially exposed to a threat agent. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Hawley, RJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 71 TC 78 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 9 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4227 J9 ANNU REV MICROBIOL JI Annu. Rev. Microbiol. PY 2001 VL 55 BP 235 EP 253 DI 10.1146/annurev.micro.55.1.235 PG 19 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 485BA UT WOS:000171732600010 PM 11544355 ER PT B AU Shah, PB Geil, BR Ervin, ME Griffin, TE Bayne, S Jones, KA Oldham, TR AF Shah, PB Geil, BR Ervin, ME Griffin, TE Bayne, S Jones, KA Oldham, TR GP IEEE IEEE TI Advanced operational techniques and pn-pn-pn structures for high-power silicon carbide gate turns-off thyristors SO APEC 2001: SIXTEENTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Annual IEEE Conference on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition CY MAR 04-08, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, IEEE, Power Electr Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc, Power Source Manufacturers Assoc AB SIC GTO thyristors may soon be the best available choice for very high-power switching. At this time, we have developed new operational techniques, growth requirements and pn-pn-pn type structures to address the issues of high on-state voltage, poor turn-off gain, and inability to reach predicted breakover voltages. We present these findings using experimental measurements and numerical simulations. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RL, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shah, PB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RL, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6618-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2001 BP 1232 EP 1236 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BS02V UT WOS:000168376400180 ER PT S AU Demaree, JD AF Demaree, JD BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Development of corrosion-resistant metal nitride coatings via ion beam assisted deposition SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS ID HOLLOW-CATHODE DISCHARGE; STAINLESS-STEELS; FILMS; CHROMIUM; NITROGEN; PASSIVATION; TITANIUM AB Hard nitride coatings, often considered candidates to replace electroplated chromium in tribological applications, can provide greater corrosion resistance than chromium through the development of a thin, highly bipolar passive film with significant incorporation of ammonium ions and cation-selective oxyanions. In this study, coatings of Cr-N, Mo-N, and Cr-Mo-N have been synthesized with ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) in an attempt to understand the synergism involved in the production and incorporation of these protective oxyanions. In addition to providing resistance to anodic dissolution, it is thought that the enhanced production of inhibitive oxyanions in these coatings may provide some protection against pinholes and scratches, creating a self-healing coating. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Demaree, JD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 915 EP 918 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600218 ER PT S AU Del Rose, M Reed, J AF Del Rose, M Reed, J BE Boscacchi, B Fogel, DB Bezdek, JC TI A support vector machine application on vehicles SO APPLICATIONS AND SCIENCE OF NEURAL NETWORKS, FUZZY SYSTEMS, AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Applications and Science of Neural Networks, Fuzzy Systems, and Evolutionary Computation CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE support vector machines; neural networks; image processing; pattern recognition; computer vision AB In this paper, methods of choosing a vehicle out of an image are explored. Digital images are taken from a monocular camera. Image processing techniques are applied to each single frame picture to create the feature vector. Finally the resulting features are used to classify whether there is a car in the picture or not using support vector machines. The result are compared to those obtained using a neural network. A discussion on techniques to enhance the feature vector and th results from both learning machines will be included. C1 USA, TACOM Res & Dev Ctr, Rock Isl, IL 61201 USA. RP Del Rose, M (reprint author), USA, TACOM Res & Dev Ctr, Rock Isl, IL 61201 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4193-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4479 BP 144 EP 149 DI 10.1117/12.448342 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BT90S UT WOS:000174396300017 ER PT J AU Krapels, K Driggers, R Vollmerhause, R Halford, C AF Krapels, K Driggers, R Vollmerhause, R Halford, C TI Performance comparison of rectangular (four-point) and diagonal (two-point) dither in undersampled infrared focal plane array imagers SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MODULATION-TRANSFER-FUNCTION; RECOGNITION; SYSTEMS AB Undersampled staring array imagers exhibit sampling artifacts. Dither is a mechanical means of raising the spatial sampling rate without increasing the number of detectors on the focal plane array. Diagonal (two-point or slant-path) dither is easier to implement than rectangular (four-point or bowtie) dither. Also, diagonal dither generates half the data rate of rectangular dither. However, diagonal dither does not sample the image as effectively as rectangular dither. The cost and complexity advantages of diagonal dither must be traded against the expectation of reduced performance. We discuss analytical and empirical predictions of the performance difference between diagonal and rectangular dither. To compare diagonal and rectangular dither empirically, a target identification (ID) experiment was performed. The visual task involved target ID among a set of 12 tactical vehicles. High-resolution (close-up) images of the targets were blurred and down sampled to produce images representative of those seen with a 320 x 240 pixel staring array sensor. The nondithered imagery was poorly sampled, and the imagery with rectangular dither was adequately sampled. The experiment compared the static target ID performance of nondithered, diagonally dithered, and rectangularly dithered sensors. Analytical and empirical results are described. OCIS codes: 110.0110, 040.1240. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. Memphis State Univ, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Krapels, K (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. EM kkrapels@nvl.army.mil NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 1 BP 71 EP 84 DI 10.1364/AO.40.000071 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 388VB UT WOS:000166202800007 PM 18356975 ER PT J AU Winslow, CP Winslow, TJ Wax, MK AF Winslow, CP Winslow, TJ Wax, MK TI Dysphonia and dysphagia following the anterior approach to the cervical spine SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID SURGERY AB Background: Speech and swallowing dysfunctions are common following the anterior approach to the cervical spine. Despite functional morbidity and legal implications, the incidence and etiologic factors of these complications have not been adequately elucidated. Objective: To better define speech and swallowing dysfunction both in the quantitative and qualitative sense. Methods: A questionnaire was mailed to 497 patients who had undergone anterior cervical fusion or anterior cervical discectomy at a university hospital (study group). One hundred fifty questionnaires were sent to a control group. Results: The study group response rate was 46%, the control group response was 51%. The incidence of hoarseness in the study group was 51%; the incidence in the control group was 19%. The difference was statistically significant (P<.01). Dysphagia was present in 60% of study group patients vs 23% of control group patients (P<.01). Qualitative questions revealed that constant hoarseness, pain with talking, difficulty eating solid foods, and odynophagia were significantly more common following the anterior approach to the cervical spine. Conclusions: Our findings show a much higher incidence than previously reported of both voice and swallowing impairment following the anterior approach to the cervical spine. Hoarseness and dysphagia may adversely affect recovery and the patient's sense of well-being. Preoperative counseling and postoperative evaluation are essential. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Winslow, CP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Bldg 2,Room 6B,6th Floor,6825 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 10 TC 70 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 127 IS 1 BP 51 EP 55 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 390ZF UT WOS:000166329100007 PM 11177014 ER PT J AU Abugo, OO Balagopalakrishna, C Rifkind, JM Rudolph, AS Hess, JR Macdonald, VW AF Abugo, OO Balagopalakrishna, C Rifkind, JM Rudolph, AS Hess, JR Macdonald, VW TI Direct measurements of hemoglobin interactions with liposomes using EPR spectroscopy SO ARTIFICIAL CELLS BLOOD SUBSTITUTES AND IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION; DELIVERY; PROTEIN; PEROXIDATION; RABBIT AB Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to compare the rates of autoxidation at 37 degreesC of acellular and liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) crosslinked between alpha chains with bis (3,5-dibromosalicyl) fumarate (alpha alpha Hb). This method avoids the difficulties inherent in using conventional ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy caused by the high turbidity of liposome suspensions. Rate constants of 0.039/h and 0.065/h were obtained for the alpha alpha Hb and LEH samples, respectively. Similar oxidation measurements with alpha alpha Hb using UV-vis spectroscopy gave a rate constant comparable to that obtained with EPR spectroscopy. Indirect measurement of the oxidation kinetics of LEH utilizing extraction of aaHb with chloroform from partially oxidized LEH samples was unreliable because the amount of extractable hemoglobin was inversely proportional to the degree of oxidation. EPR measurements showed a shift in the g value and substantial enhancement in the intensity of the bis-histidine low-spin B complex for the encapsulated hemoglobin, indicating a perturbation of this low-spin complex. We suggest that lipid-associated perturbations are responsible for the enhancement of the oxidation observed with the LEH samples compared to the unencapsulated material. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NIA, Gerontol Res Ctr, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Def Sci Off, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Macdonald, VW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1073-1199 J9 ARTIF CELL BLOOD SUB JI Artif. Cells Blood Substit. Immobil. Biotechnol. PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1 BP 5 EP 18 DI 10.1081/BIO-100001252 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 407HV UT WOS:000167266900002 PM 11280684 ER PT S AU Kwon, H Der, SZ Nasrabadi, NM AF Kwon, H Der, SZ Nasrabadi, NM BE Sadjadi, FA TI Multisensor target detection using adaptive feature-based fusion SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 17-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE automatic target detection; feature extraction; multisensor fusion AB Target detection techniques play an important role in automatic target recognition (ATR) systems because overall ATR performance depends closely on detection results. A number of detection techniques based on infrared (IR) images have been developed using a variety of pattern recognition approaches. However, target detection based on a single IR sensor is often hampered by adverse weather conditions or countermeasures, resulting in unacceptably high false alarm rates. Multiple imaging sensors in different spectral ranges, such as visible and infrared bands, are used here to reduce such adverse effects. The imaging data from the different sensors are jointly processed to exploit the spatial characteristics of the objects. Four local features are used to exploit the local characteristics of the images generated from each sensor. A confidence image is created via feature-based fusion that combines the features to obtain potential target locations. Experimental results using two test sequences are provided to demonstrate the viability of the proposed technique. C1 USA, Res Lab, ATTN, AMSRL SE SE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nasrabadi, NM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, ATTN, AMSRL SE SE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4074-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4379 BP 112 EP 123 DI 10.1117/12.445357 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BT41N UT WOS:000172924200012 ER PT S AU Chan, LA Der, SZ Nasrabadi, NM AF Chan, LA Der, SZ Nasrabadi, NM BE Sadjadi, FA TI Improved target detection algorithm using dualband infrared imagery SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 17-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE multispectral; target detection; eigen targets; multilayer perceptron; automatic target recognition; FLIR imagery AB Automatic target recognition (ATR) systems typically include a front-end detector that searches the entire image and isolates those regions which potentially contain targets. These regions are further analyzed by more complex recognition algorithms. A good detector will find most of the targets with relatively few false alarms, at reasonable computational cost. We propose a set of neural-based target detectors consisting of an eigenspace transformation followed by a simple multilayer perceptron (MLP). These detectors may operate on either single band or multi-band forward-looking infrared (FLIR) input images. The eigenspace transformation is first derived from a training set via principal component analysis (PCA). This transformation layer is needed to reduce the dimensionality of the input images, while retaining those features that are critical to the detection task. A small number of the resulting projection values is then fed to the MLP that determines the likelihood of a given pixel location to be the center of a target. Experiments were conducted using a set of several hundred real FLIR images. The results indicate that the dualband input images do improve the performance of the detectors substantially. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE SE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nasrabadi, NM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE SE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4074-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4379 BP 187 EP 198 DI 10.1117/12.445365 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BT41N UT WOS:000172924200019 ER PT S AU Gorsich, DJ Karlsen, RE Gerhart, GR AF Gorsich, DJ Karlsen, RE Gerhart, GR BE Sadjadi, FA TI Consequences of preprocessing feature data for support vector machines SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 17-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB Support vector machines are classification algorithms based on quadratic programming that have been found to give excellent classification results on problems such as discriminating targets from backgrounds. A key capability of these algorithms is that they do not require a preprocessing step to determine feature vectors, yet preprocessing is still an important step in the classification process. We discuss the effects of preprocessing feature data on the support vectors and the classification results of support vector machines. We first give a short introduction to support vector machines. Several methods to preprocess the data before being sent to the support vector machine are discussed. Then the algorithm is applied a set of second-order stochastic textures defined by their covariance structure. The effect on the classification rate is then determined. C1 USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, AMSTA TR R, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Gorsich, DJ (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, AMSTA TR R, MS 263, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4074-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4379 BP 347 EP 354 DI 10.1117/12.445383 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BT41N UT WOS:000172924200035 ER PT S AU Weber, BA Penn, JA AF Weber, BA Penn, JA BE Sadjadi, FA TI Comparable performance for classifier trained on real or synthetic IR-images SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 17-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ATR; classifier; target identification; synthetic-images AB We report results that demonstrate that an infrared (IR) target classifier, trained on synthetic-images of targets and tested on real-images, can perform as well as a classifier trained on real-images alone. We also demonstrate that the sum of real and synthetic-image databases can be used to train a classifier whose performance exceeds that of classifiers trained on either database alone. After creating a large database of 80,000 synthetic-images two subset databases of 7,000 and 8,000 images were selected and used to train and test a classifier against two comparably sized, sequestered databases of real-images. Synthetic-image selection was accomplished using classifiers trained on real-images from the sequestered real-image databases. The images were chosen if they were correctly identified for both target and target aspect. Results suggest that subsets of synthetic-images can be chosen to selectively train target classifiers for specific locations and operational scenarios; and that it should be possible to train classifiers on synthetic-images that outperform classifiers trained on real-images alone. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE SE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Weber, BA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE SE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4074-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4379 BP 375 EP 385 DI 10.1117/12.445386 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BT41N UT WOS:000172924200038 ER PT J AU Murphy, MM Patton, J Mello, R Bidwell, T Harp, M AF Murphy, MM Patton, J Mello, R Bidwell, T Harp, M TI Energy cost of physical task performance in men and women wearing chemical protective clothing SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE energy cost; chemical protective clothing; gender ID RESPIRATORS; RESPONSES; WALKING; WORK AB Background: Chemical protective clothing (CPC) is required to perform certain occupations and is known to inhibit physical performance. Few data are available that quantify the physiological response of men and women during task performance while wearing CPC. Hypothesis: The mobility of a taste will have a significant effect on the change in energy cost. The energy cost of wearing CPC will be greater in women than men during physical task performance. Methods: Energy cost ((V) over dot o(2)) and the psychophysical scales, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and respiratory distress (RD), were measured in 32 men and 26 women during the performance of 31 physical tasks. Tasks were categorized by mobility: stationary, intermittent or continuous. Between 6-12 men and 5-13 women conducted each task wearing 2 clothing conditions: battle-dress uniform (BDU, wt = 3.7 kg) and (CPC, wt = 9.3 kg). Results: (V) over dot o(2) L . min(-1), was higher in CPC compared with BDU for the continuous task category fur both genders. However, when (V) over dot o(2) (ml . kg(-1) clothed wt min(-1)) was normalized for clothing weight, there remained a significant clothing effect fur the continuous category, but there were no gender differences. (V) over dot o(2), expressed as % (V) over dot o(2)max, was significantly increased for BDU compared with CPC For the continuous task category only. This difference was significantly greater For women than men. Women exercised at a higher % (V) over dot o(2)max and reported a higher RPE than men for all categories in both BDU and CPC. Both genders reported higher RD wearing CPC for the continuous task category only. Conclusions: There is an increase in energy cost wearing CPC during continuous tasks which can be attributed to both the clothing weight and the hobbling effect. Wearing CPC is more physiologically and psychologically demanding for women than men, especially when performing tasks of a continuous nature. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. GEOCENTERS Inc, Newton, MA USA. RP Murphy, MM (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 389BM UT WOS:000166218800005 PM 11194990 ER PT J AU Cadarette, BS Levine, L Staab, JE Kolka, MA Correa, M Whipple, M Sawka, MN AF Cadarette, BS Levine, L Staab, JE Kolka, MA Correa, M Whipple, M Sawka, MN TI Heat strain imposed by toxic agent protective systems SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE protective clothing; toxic environments; heat stress; human physiology; exercise ID ACCEPTABILITY; TEMPERATURE; DEVICES AB This study evaluated physiological heat strain from two developmental toxic agent protective systems compared with the standard Toxicological Agent Protective (TAP) suit during exercise-heat stress. Eight subjects (six men, two women) completed three experimental trials, at 38 degreesC, 30% rh, wearing: 1) Self Contained Toxic Environment Protective Outfit (STEPO) with rebreather (STEPO-R); 2) STEPO with tether (STEPO-T] or 3) the standard TAP. The STEPO systems provided effective body cooling of: STEPO-R, 200 +/- 36 W; and STEPO-T, 186 +/- 59 W. TAP had no cooling. All experimental trials used treadmill walking at 0.89 m . s(-1), 0% grade at exercise/rest cycles of 20/10 min for 240 min. Metabolic rates for the treatments were: STEPO-R, 298 +/- 26 W; STEPO-T, 299 +/- 34 W; and TAP, 222 +/- 40 W. Rate of heat storage was lear (p < 0.05) in STEPO-R (37 +/- 8 W . m(-2)): and STEPO-T (38 +/- 12 W . m(-2)) than in TAP (77 +/- 15 W . m(-2)). Sweating rate was less (p < 0.05) in STEPO-T (10.0 +/- 4.8 g . min(-1)) than in TAP (23.8 . 11.4 g . min(-1)). There was no difference between STEPO-R (12.3 +/- 5.6 g . min(-1)) and the other two uniform systems. Subjects did not complete targeted exposure times of 240 min. Exposure time was longer (p < 0.05) in STEPO-R (83 +/- 22 min) and STEPO-T(106 +/- 39 min) than in TAP (46 +/- 10 min). Predicted time to 39.0C was less (p < 0.05) in TAP (69 +/- 20 min) than in either STEPO-R (226 +/- 124 min) or STEPO-T (244 +/- 170 min). The results of this study show that cooling in STEPO significantly reduced heat storage relative to TAP. The new generation toxic cleanup uniform systems effectively reduced heat stress and increased work capabilities compared with the standard TAP suit. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Cadarette, BS (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 32 EP 37 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 389BM UT WOS:000166218800006 PM 11194991 ER PT S AU Gowens, JW Eicke, J AF Gowens, JW Eicke, J BE Suresh, R TI Networked sensors: Armor for the future force SO BATTLESPACE DIGITIZATION AND NETWORK-CENTRIC WARFARE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Battlespace Digitization and Network-Centric Warfare Conference CY APR 18-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE network; sensors; future combat systems; army AB The U.S. Army has embarked on an important campaign to field a lighter, more agile force, capable of being deployed in a fraction of the time currently required. The survivability of this force will depend more heavily on the use of integrated command and control capabilities with unsurpassed situational understanding for all levels of command. Arrays of small, low cost sensors will play a key role in detecting, locating, tracking, and identifying targets, particularly in areas where the terrain or other circumstances prevent traditional high performance sensors from providing critical information. Individual sensor types will provide modest performance but with a wide range of sensing modalities. When deployed in large numbers, the data fused from multiple sensing modalities will provide a detailed view of the battlespace over a wide area. A critical element necessary to deploy unattended ground sensor technology is the underlying communications and networking infrastructure. Communication networks will constitute the major challenge to making unattended ground sensors networks practical. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gowens, JW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4091-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4396 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1117/12.438299 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BT29M UT WOS:000172545500001 ER PT S AU Marquet, LC Ratches, JA Niemela, J AF Marquet, LC Ratches, JA Niemela, J BE Suresh, R TI Smart sensor networks and information management for the Future Combat Systems (FCS) SO BATTLESPACE DIGITIZATION AND NETWORK-CENTRIC WARFARE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Battlespace Digitization and Network-Centric Warfare Conference CY APR 18-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB The vanguard US Army Science & Technology program for the transformation to a medium weight force is the Future Combat Systems (FCS). Critical to the effectiveness of this force is overarching knowledge of the distribution and intent of all the forces on the battlefield. Smart sensor networks and information management are key enablers for the FCS system of systems strategic goals. The role of sensors and information management in enabling FCS victory is described as well as the network centric warfare that will be the cornerstone of the battlefield in the near future. The US Army Communication-Electronics Command's development of sensors and information management assets is also reviewed as they influence the envisioned FCS. C1 Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Marquet, LC (reprint author), Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4091-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4396 BP 8 EP 14 DI 10.1117/12.438306 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BT29M UT WOS:000172545500002 ER PT S AU Marvel, LM Baur, EH Hartwig, GW AF Marvel, LM Baur, EH Hartwig, GW BE Suresh, R TI Transporting mobile code with internal authentication and tamper detection SO BATTLESPACE DIGITIZATION AND NETWORK-CENTRIC WARFARE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Battlespace Digitization and Network-Centric Warfare Conference CY APR 18-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE mobile code; Internet; security; authentication AB Mobile code opens a world of possibilities for Battlespace digitization. However, due to security issues associated with transporting code over such networks, mobile code in the battlefield may present serious risks. Attackers may attempt to thwart the end-user's mission by manipulating or destroying code prior to its final destination. To combat such acts, we propose an authentication method that can reside on any Internet server/client without the typical constraints that exist for firewalls and certificates. Our method consists of the construction of a digital signature at the server based on the characteristics of the mobile code itself. This signature, or mark, is then embedded within the code in a hidden manner using steganographic methods. Upon receipt of the mobile code, the client can use the key to extract the embedded mark and regenerate a mark from the received code. The two marks are compared to verify the integrity of the code and the authenticity of the sender. This technique is implemented for HTML code and the effectiveness of tamper detection is demonstrated. Mobile code authentication techniques, such as this, can provide the security necessary to permit the exploitation of this powerful computing medium on the networked battlefield. C1 USA, Res Lab, Comp & Informat Sci Directorate, Comp & Commun Sci Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Marvel, LM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Comp & Informat Sci Directorate, Comp & Commun Sci Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM marvel@arl.army.mil; baur@arl.army.mil; geo@arl.army.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4091-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4396 BP 108 EP 115 DI 10.1117/12.438307 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BT29M UT WOS:000172545500013 ER PT S AU Luu, BB Harrelson, HR Gopaul, RD AF Luu, BB Harrelson, HR Gopaul, RD BE Suresh, R TI Mobile gateway techniques SO BATTLESPACE DIGITIZATION AND NETWORK-CENTRIC WARFARE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Battlespace Digitization and Network-Centric Warfare Conference CY APR 18-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE gateway; WAN; Mobile IP LAN; IP masquerade; proxy server; wireless network; satellite communications; HMMWV AB The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is conducting a variety of research programs in mobile communications and networking to support the digital battlefield of the future. The U. S. Army will require techniques such as mobile ad hoc networks to form and maintain wireless network connectivity in this dynamic battlefield environment. It will also require gateways that can bridge ad hoc networks to higher-echelon Internet-based backbone networks via a flexible combination of wireless, symmetric and asymmetric satellite, cellular, and wired network connections, as well as via legacy combat radio systems such as the Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS). ARL has designed and built a mobile communications and networking Testbed on a High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV) to support our mobile wireless networking program. The Testbed is designed to combine various computing, networking, and communication techniques and technologies on a mobile platform relevant to the Army digital battlefield. With wire/wireless and symmetric/asymmetric WAN connections, the Testbed provides Internet gateway capabilities by direct or indirect routing using IP masquerade techniques. LP tunneling techniques are also used to implement mobile IP LANs with full connectivity to backbone networks via the Testbed. This paper discusses ARL research and experimentation in mobile gateway techniques such as IP masquerading and IP tunneling and describes the use of these techniques in the Testbed to provide mobile gateway functionality under actual field conditions. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Luu, BB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4091-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4396 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1117/12.438311 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BT29M UT WOS:000172545500017 ER PT S AU Wilson, DK Noble, JM VanAartsen, BH Szeto, GL AF Wilson, DK Noble, JM VanAartsen, BH Szeto, GL BE Suresh, R TI Battlefield decision aid for acoustical ground sensors with interface to meteorological data sources SO BATTLESPACE DIGITIZATION AND NETWORK-CENTRIC WARFARE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Battlespace Digitization and Network-Centric Warfare Conference CY APR 18-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE battlespace sensor modeling; sound propagation; weather effects; tactical decision aids ID RANGE SOUND-PROPAGATION; ATMOSPHERE; TUTORIAL; MODELS; FIELD AB The performance of acoustical ground sensors depends heavily on the local atmospheric and terrain conditions. This paper describes a prototype physics-based decision aid, called the Acoustic Battlefield Aid (ABFA), for predicting these environmental effects. ABFA integrates advanced models for acoustic propagation, atmospheric structure, and array signal processing into a convenient graphical user interface. The propagation calculations are performed in the frequency domain on user-definable target spectra. The solution method involves a parabolic approximation to the wave equation combined with a terrain diffraction model. Sensor performance is characterized with Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs). The CRLB calculations include randomization of signal energy and wavefront orientation resulting from atmospheric turbulence. Available performance characterizations include signal-to-noise ratio, probability of detection, direction-finding accuracy for isolated receiving arrays, and location-finding accuracy for networked receiving arrays. A suite of integrated tools allows users to create new target descriptions from standard digitized audio files and to design new sensor array layouts. These tools optionally interface with the ARL Database/Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) Laboratory, providing access to an extensive library of target signatures. ABFA also includes a Java-based capability for network access of near real-time data from surface weather stations or forecasts from the Army's Integrated Meteorological System. As an example, the detection footprint of an acoustical sensor, as it evolves over a 13-hour period, is calculated. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Szeto, Gregory/0000-0001-7604-1333; Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4091-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4396 BP 208 EP 219 DI 10.1117/12.438319 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BT29M UT WOS:000172545500024 ER PT S AU Ploskey, GR Johnson, PN AF Ploskey, GR Johnson, PN BE Coutant, CC TI Effectiveness of strobe lights and an infrasound device for eliciting avoidance by juvenile salmon SO BEHAVIORAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR FISH GUIDANCE SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society CY AUG 30-31, 1999 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID LOW-FREQUENCY SOUND; ATLANTIC SALMON; FISH BEHAVIOR; RESPONSES; SALAR AB Our primary objectives were to videotape and characterize vertical responses of juvenile salmon to strobe light and infrasound in controlled tests in a net pen that was 4-m long and 1.5-m in diameter. Experiments were conducted near the Hiram M. Chittenden Locks, Seattle, in spring and summer, 1997, for the U.S. Army Engineer District, Portland. Four underwater video cameras mounted on the perimeter of the vertically oriented net pen were used to record responses of schools of juvenile salmon during test and control treatments. When strobe lights were tested within I m of the pen, the frequency of avoidance by hatchery-reared juvenile coho Oncorhynchus kisutch and chinook O. tshawytscha salmon was 80-100%. Fish usually moved toward the top of the pen in response to strobe light directed either horizontally or 45degrees upward into the bottom section of the pen. In contrast, fish did not respond to strobe light directed straight up through the bottom of the pen. A particle-motion generator consisting of a high-volume pump and rotary valve produced 10-35 Hz infrasounds that failed to elicit avoidance from hatchery yearling coho and sub, yearling coho and chinook salmon. C1 US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Fisheries Engn Team, N Bonneville, WA 98639 USA. RP Ploskey, GR (reprint author), US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Fisheries Engn Team, Columbia River Basin,POB 40, N Bonneville, WA 98639 USA. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-24-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2001 VL 26 BP 37 EP 56 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BT52M UT WOS:000173243900004 ER PT S AU Goetz, FA Dawson, JJ Shaw, T Dillon, J AF Goetz, FA Dawson, JJ Shaw, T Dillon, J BE Coutant, CC TI Evaluation of low-frequency sound transducers for guiding salmon smolts away from a navigation lock SO BEHAVIORAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR FISH GUIDANCE SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society CY AUG 30-31, 1999 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID AVOIDANCE RESPONSES; ATLANTIC SALMON; SALAR AB We evaluated the efficacy of a commercially manufactured, low-frequency (300-400Hz) sound transducer to guide yearling sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka, coho salmon O. kisutch, and subyearling summer/fall chinook salmon 0, tshawytscha smolts away from a lock and navigation channel. Tests were conducted during the spring of 1997 within the large lock chamber at the Hiram M. Chittenden Locks, a navigation project in Seattle, Washington. Two low-frequency acoustic transducers (300/400 Hz) were deployed at the entrance to the large lock chamber and were operated over a 29 d period with four daily treatments (4 h periods, from 0530 to 2130) of sound on and sound off. A randomized block design (with day as the blocking factor) was used to determine treatment periods. Treatment and control periods within a day were randomly selected with two treatments (sound-on) and two control (sound-off) periods per day. Smolt density (average number of fish/m(3)) in the lock chamber (downstream of the transducers) during treatment and control was estimated from acoustic data collected with a split-beam echo sounder, with species composition verified by purse seining. The sound treatment did not impact the density of salmonids measured within the lock chamber. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant difference in the density of salmonids in the lock chamber between sound treatments or between days of the study. Similarly, no difference was detected between sound treatments at different times of day. The results from our evaluation suggest that low-frequency sound is not an effective means of guiding salmon smolts. C1 US Army Corps Engn, Seattle Dist Environm Resources Sect, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RP Goetz, FA (reprint author), US Army Corps Engn, Seattle Dist Environm Resources Sect, POB 3755,4733 E Marginal Way S, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-24-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2001 VL 26 BP 91 EP 104 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BT52M UT WOS:000173243900007 ER PT J AU Yu, HB Kim, BJ Rittmann, BE AF Yu, HB Kim, BJ Rittmann, BE TI The roles of intermediates in biodegradation of benzene, toluene, and p-xylene by Pseudomonas putida F1 SO BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE BTX; intermediates; oxygen effects; Pseudomonas putida F1 ID CATABOLISM; OXIDATION; KINETICS AB Several types of biodegradation experiments with benzene, toluene, or p-xylene show accumulation of intermediates by Pseudomonas putida F1. Under aerobic conditions, the major intermediates identified for benzene, toluene, and p-xylene are catechol, 3-methylcatechol, and 3,6-dimethylcatechol, respectively. Oxidations of catechol and 3-methylcatechol are linked to biomass synthesis. When oxygen is limited in the system, phenol (from benzene) and m-cresol and o-cresol (from toluene) accumulate. C1 McKinsey & Co Inc, Florham Pk, NJ 07932 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Yu, HB (reprint author), McKinsey & Co Inc, 600 Campus Dr, Florham Pk, NJ 07932 USA. NR 19 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-9820 J9 BIODEGRADATION JI Biodegradation PY 2001 VL 12 IS 6 BP 455 EP 463 DI 10.1023/A:1015008627732 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 540FT UT WOS:000174919400008 PM 12051651 ER PT J AU Yu, HB Kim, BJ Rittmann, BE AF Yu, HB Kim, BJ Rittmann, BE TI A two-step model for the kinetics of BTX degradation and intermediate formation by Pseudomonas putida F1 SO BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE BTX; intermediates; kinetics; modeling; Pseudomonas putida F1; substrate interactions ID BIODEGRADATION; COMETABOLISM; TOLUENE AB A two-step model is developed for the aerobic biodegradation of benzene, toluene, and p-xylene (BTX) by Pseudomonas putida F1. The model contains three unique features. First, an initial dioxygenation step transforms BTX into their catechol intermediates, but does not support biomass growth. Second, the benzene or toluene intermediates are mineralized, which supports biomass synthesis. Third, BTX exhibit competitive inhibition on each other's transformation, while toluene and benzene noncompetitively inhibit the mineralization of their catechol intermediate. A suite of batch and chemostat experiments is used to systematically measure the kinetic parameters for the two-step transformations and the substrate interactions. C1 McKinsey & Co Inc, Florham Pk, NJ 07932 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Yu, HB (reprint author), McKinsey & Co Inc, 600 Campus Dr, Florham Pk, NJ 07932 USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-9820 J9 BIODEGRADATION JI Biodegradation PY 2001 VL 12 IS 6 BP 465 EP 475 DI 10.1023/A:1015012913426 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 540FT UT WOS:000174919400009 PM 12051652 ER PT J AU Mundie, TG Hare, B AF Mundie, TG Hare, B TI Effects of resistance exercise on plasma, erythrocyte, and urine Zn SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE zinc; resistance; exercise; erythrocytes; metalloenzymes ID ZINC; COPPER; BLOOD; CHROMIUM; RUNNERS; SERUM; DIET AB Twelve healthy male volunteers performed two resistance exercise sessions: a moderate resistance (MR) exercise session and a heavy resistance (HR) exercise session. Blood was collected before exercise and 5 min, 30 min, and 24 h after exercise. Urine was collected for 24 h before and 24 h after exercise. Plasma zinc (Zn) was markedly increased both 5 min and 30 min after MR and HR exercise and was returned to control values the next day. Total blood cell (TBC) Zn was decreased 5 min after MR and HR exercise but was not significantly different than control values at 30 min or 24 h. The changes in plasma and TBC Zn after HR exercise were significantly greater than changes after MR exercise. The results of this study are the first to report changes in Zn after resistance exercise. These data agree with previous studies reporting increases in plasma Zn and decreases in erythrocyte Zn after strenuous running, treadmill, or cycle ergometry exercise; however, the magnitude of the changes reported in this study are considerable greater that changes reported these previous studies. These data support suggestions that increases in plasma Zn levels are the result of leakage from the muscles resulting from muscle damage. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Chem, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Mundie, TG (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Chem, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 79 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1385/BTER:79:1:23 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 417ZT UT WOS:000167865900003 PM 11318234 ER PT J AU Darling, BK Abdel-Rahim, M Moores, RR Chang, AS Howard, RS O'Neill, JT AF Darling, BK Abdel-Rahim, M Moores, RR Chang, AS Howard, RS O'Neill, JT TI Brain excitatory amino acid concentrations are lower in the neonatal pig: A buffer against excitotoxicity? SO BIOLOGY OF THE NEONATE LA English DT Article DE excitatory amino acids; glutamate; aspartate; hypoglycemia, developmental, age-related microdialysis ID METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; GLUTAMATE RELEASE; HYPOGLYCEMIA; MICRODIALYSIS; STRIATUM; PIGLETS; MK-801 AB Hypoglycemic brain damage has been associated with high levels of the excitatory amino acids (EAA) aspartate and glutamate in the newborn and adult. We hypothesized that newborn piglet EAA would be different from those of older pigs when stressed with severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia (< 30 mg/dl). Brain EAA were measured in piglets and adolescent pigs via microdialysis. Eleven of 12 newborn normoglycemic piglets had no detectable baseline levels (<0.5 muM) of EAA, while pigs had aspartate and glutamate concentrations of 1.78 +/- 0.44 and 3.43 +/- 1.14 muM (mean SEM), respectively. Piglet aspartate and glutamate concentrations reached but did not significantly exceed normoglycemic pig levels after 2 h with plasma glucose values less than or equal to 20 mg/ml. Elevations in EAA were only detected in piglets whose EEG activity ceased. Aspartate and glutamate concentrations did not increase in insulin-treated pigs nor in control animals. We speculate that newborns with blood glucose less than clinically acceptable values (35 mg/dl) may be protected from EAA-associated neuronal damage during acute hypoglycemia. Lower normoglycemic and hypoglycemic levels of EAA in newborns when compared to older pigs provide this protection. Copyright (C) 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Sect Neonatal Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP O'Neill, JT (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Sect Neonatal Med, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0006-3126 J9 BIOL NEONATE JI Biol. Neonate PY 2001 VL 80 IS 4 BP 305 EP 312 DI 10.1159/000047161 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 488HH UT WOS:000171929800010 PM 11641555 ER PT B AU Davis, J Hansen, LD O'Neal, B AF Davis, J Hansen, LD O'Neal, B BE Magar, VS Johnson, G Ong, SK Leeson, A TI The effects of ubiquitous electron acceptors on the initiation of RDX biodegradation SO BIOREMEDIATION OF ENERGETICS, PHENOLICS, AND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY JUN 04-07, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, IT Grp Inc, Parsons, Regenesis, USAF, Ctr Environm Excellence, USN, Fac Engn Command AB Remediation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) can be accomplished by facultative or obligately anaerobic microorganisms using RDX as a gratuitous terminal electron acceptor. Numerous studies have been performed that examine the effect of carbon source on the reductive transformation of RDX. This study examines the effects of important ubiquitous electron acceptors on the initiation of the reductive transformation of RDX. A study was performed to examine the effects of the reductive transformation of naturally-occuring electron acceptors (nitrate and sulfate) on the initiation of biological degradation of RDX. This study found that the presence of nitrate and sulfate did not significantly affect the RDX biodegradation induction time of 45 days. The presence of nitrate did not significantly affect the first-order RDX removal rate of 0.00979 d(-1). The presence of sulfate did improve the removal rate of RDX by a factor of approximately 2. The in situ remediation of ground water contaminated with RDX can be significantly improved in the presence of sulfate. C1 Erdc, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Davis, J (reprint author), Erdc, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-113-2 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 2001 VL 6 IS 3 BP 43 EP 49 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BU12W UT WOS:000175096400006 ER PT B AU Hansen, LD Davis, JL Escalon, L AF Hansen, LD Davis, JL Escalon, L BE Magar, VS Johnson, G Ong, SK Leeson, A TI Reductive transformation of RDX in a bench-scale simulated aquifer SO BIOREMEDIATION OF ENERGETICS, PHENOLICS, AND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY JUN 04-07, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, IT Grp Inc, Parsons, Regenesis, USAF, Ctr Environm Excellence, USN, Fac Engn Command AB The production and processing of military explosives has led to the contamination of soil and water by energetic compounds at more than 100 federal installations across the United States. Contaminants typically found at these sites include 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), dinitrotoluene (DNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) and their transformation products. The use of in-situ biological degradation of these contaminants would provide significant cost savings over currently accepted treatment methods. Due to the mobility of RDX, it is currently the major contaminant of concern and the focus of this study. A packed bed soil column study was conducted to examine the biologically mediated reductive transformation of RDX using acetate as an electron donor/carbon source. The columns were inoculated with nitrate-reducing bacteria enriched from municipal anaerobic digester sludge. Several experimental runs were conducted to examine conditions necessary to 1) poise the system for reductive RDX transformation, 2) assess varying electron donor / electron acceptor ratios, and 3) develop preliminary in situ transformation kinetics for the established RDXdouble right arrow MNX double right arrowDNX double right arrowTNX transformation pathway necessary for cost-effective field-scale application. Significant results include RDX concentration reduction from 8 mg/L to 56 mug/L (99.2% removal), with a first-order reaction coefficient of 3.0 hr(-1). A build-up of MNX and DNX was not detected. Current results show a build up of TNX followed by much slower TNX degradation to unidentified transformation products indicating potential rate limiting step for full-scale implementation. Based on current data a conservative first-order reaction coefficient for TNX of 0.017 d(-1) was estimated. Additional studies are underway to examine effects of various electron donors on microbial community composition and biomass, as well as toxicity and mutagenicity of unidentified transformation products. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Davis, JL (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-113-2 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 2001 VL 6 IS 3 BP 51 EP 58 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BU12W UT WOS:000175096400007 ER PT B AU Gent, D Bricka, RM Truax, DD Zappi, ME AF Gent, D Bricka, RM Truax, DD Zappi, ME BE Leeson, A Peyton, BM Means, JL Magar, VS TI Electrokinetic movement of biological amendments through natural soils to enhance in-situ bioremediation SO BIOREMEDIATION OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY JUN 04-07, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, IT Grp Inc, Parsons, Regenesis, USAF, Ctr Environm Excellence, USN, Fac Engn Command AB Electrokinetics is an in-situ electrochemical process capable of transporting ions through sand as well as low permeable soils. Ionic nutrients can be amended near each electrode and transported into the soil by ion migration and electroosmosis. This study investigated and demonstrated the feasibility of nutrient and carbon source transport in soils by electrokinetic for potential in-situ bioremediation. A series of bench scale column studies were conducted to assess the migration of acetate and nitrate amendments in a simulated in-situ environment. Electrolysis reactions at the electrodes result in changes in hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations. Strategies for managing shifts in pH using acid and base solutions at the cathode and anode in the subsurface were investigated. Experimental variables included two current densities, three soil types, and two amendments at varying concentrations. The hydraulic conductivity of the sand, silt, and clay were 43.2 m/day (5x10(-2) cm/s), 8.2x10(-5) m/day (9.5x10(-8) cm/s), and 8.4x10(-7) m/day (1x10(-9) cm/s) respectively. The linear transport rates of amendments in the sand were between 60-80 m/day. The linear transport rates of amendments in the silt and clay were between 1.1-2.5 m/day and 0.9-2.5 m/day respectively. The results indicate that electrokinetic induced ion migration can be used to enhance amendment flux relative to hydraulic flow characteristics though various subsurface soils in substantial concentrations. This study demonstrated that electrokinetics has the potential to increase the availability of amendments in soil pore water and groundwater systems where traditional injection techniques have been incomplete or ineffective. C1 USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Gent, D (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-119-1 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 2001 VL 6 IS 9 BP 241 EP 248 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BU13C UT WOS:000175098600030 ER PT J AU Lance, RS Freidrichs, PA Kane, C Powell, CR Pulos, E Moul, JW McLeod, DG Cornum, RL Thrasher, JB AF Lance, RS Freidrichs, PA Kane, C Powell, CR Pulos, E Moul, JW McLeod, DG Cornum, RL Thrasher, JB TI A comparison of radical retropubic with perineal prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer within the Uniformed Services Urology Research Group SO BJU INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE prostatectomy; retropubic; perineal; outcome ID MARGINS AB Objective To review and compare the outcome of patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) or radical perineal prostatectomy (RPP) for clinically localized prostate cancer, Patients and methods From 1988 to 1997, 1382 men who were treated by RRP and 316 by RPP were identified from databases of the Uniformed Services Urology Research Group. The following variables were assessed; age, race, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level before surgery, clinical stage, biopsy Gleason sum, estimated blood loss (EBL), margin-positive rate, pathological stage, biochemical recurrence rate, short and long-term complication rates, impotence and incontinence rates. To eliminate selection bias, the analysis was concentrated on pairs of patients matched by race, preoperative PSA level, clinical stage and biopsy Gleason sum. Results In the 190 matched patients there were no significant differences between the RRP and RPP groups in either organ-confined (57% vs 55%), margin-positive (39% vs 43%), or biochemical recurrence rates (12.9% vs 17.6% at a mean followup of 47.1 vs 42.9 months), respectively. The mean EEL was 1575 mi, in the RRP group and 802 mt in the RPP group (P < 0.001). The only significant difference in complication rates was a higher incidence of rectal injury in the RPP group (4.9%) than in the RRP group (none, P < 0.05). Conclusions In similar populations of patients, RPP offers equivalent organ-confirmed, margin-positive and biochemical recurrence rates to RRP, while causing significantly less blood loss. C1 Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Lance, RS (reprint author), Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. NR 16 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-4096 J9 BJU INT JI BJU Int. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 87 IS 1 BP 61 EP 65 DI 10.1046/j.1464-410x.2001.00023.x PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 394KF UT WOS:000166522700012 PM 11121994 ER PT J AU Asay, KH Horton, WH Jensen, KB Palazzo, AJ AF Asay, KH Horton, WH Jensen, KB Palazzo, AJ TI Merits of native and introduced Triticeae grasses on semiarid rangelands SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE grass breeding; revegetation; introduced grasses; Triticeae; cheatgrass; seedling vigor; plant persistence ID CRESTED-WHEATGRASS; REGISTRATION; PERFORMANCE; KNAPWEED; CANADA AB Experiments were conducted on four semiarid range sites to compare stand establishment, productivity, and persistence of several introduced perennial Triticeae grasses with that of their native counterparts. On Intermountain sites with severe water limitations (< 300 mm), native grasses were more difficult to establish, less productive, and less persistent than the introduced grasses. Stands of native grasses declined most rapidly under defoliation. At locations where moisture conditions were more favorable, particularly where more summer precipitation occurred, native Triticeae grasses established and persisted relatively well compared with the introduced entries. Although difficult to establish, stands of the rhizomatous native, western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Love] increased during the seasons after establishment. Choice of plant materials to be used in range seeding programs should be based on objective criteria. To do otherwise will perpetuate degradation of soil resources, especially on sites that are dominated by weedy annual species such as cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and medusahead rye (taeniatherum asperum). It is proposed that adapted introduced grasses be equally considered along with native grasses as a component of seed mixtures on environmentally harsh sites that have been burned, infested with competitive weedy species, or otherwise degraded. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Asay, KH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 30 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 11 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 81 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 416FB UT WOS:000167768700005 ER PT J AU Mena, H Morrison, AL Jones, RV Gyure, KA AF Mena, H Morrison, AL Jones, RV Gyure, KA TI Central neurocytomas express photoreceptor differentiation SO CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 74th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Neuropathologists CY JUN 18-21, 1998 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Amer Assoc Neuropathologists DE central neurocytoma; retinal S-antigen; central nervous system; photoreceptor ID S-ANTIGEN IMMUNOREACTIVITY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES; BRAIN-TUMORS; SPINAL-CORD; RETINOBLASTOMA; PINEOCYTOMA; CEREBELLUM; CELLS AB BACKGROUND. Central neurocytomas are composed of mature neuronal elements, frequently arranged in rosettes similar to those present in pineocytomas. This suggests the possibility of similar patterns of differentiation, including photoreceptor differentiation. The authors analyzed the immunoreactivity of central neurocytomas for retinal S-antigen, neuronal, glial, and neuroendocrine markers. METHODS. Thirty-three central neurocytomas were analyzed with reference to their clinicopathologic characteristics, immunoreactivity, and the possibility that anaplastic histologic features correlated with aggressive clinical behavior. RESULTS. There were 18 male and 15 female patients. The median age at diagnosis was 30 years (range, 3-69 years). All of the tumors with specified location were related to the ventricles. Thirty-two tumors were diagnosed at surgery and 1 at autopsy. Histologic features included mineralization (20 of 33), foci of necrosis (4 of 33), chronic inflammation (4 of 33), ganglion cell differentiation (1 of 33), and lipomatous differentiation (1 of 33). None of the lesions had significant nuclear pleomorphism, mitotic activity, or vascular endothelial proliferation. Immunohistochemistry included expression of synaptophysin (33 of 33), neuron specific enolase (31 of 33), S-100 protein (25 of 33), retinal S-antigen (14 of 24), somatostatin (8 of 27), glial fibrillary acidic protein (4 of 33), neurofilament protein (3 of 22), and leucine enkephalin (1 of 27). At follow-up, 15 of 23 patients were alive an average of 8.1 years (range, 0.91-35.9 years) after surgery. CONCLUSIONS. Central neurocytomas behave as slowly growing neoplasms that remain confined within one or several supratentorial ventricles and are associated with long survival after surgical excision. Malignant forms with aggressive clinical behavior were not found. The neoplastic cells can express photoreceptor differentiation possibly relating central neurocytomas to pineocytomas. Adipocyte differentiation may be present, and the possibility of a relation between the central neurocytoma and cerebellar liponeurocytoma should be entertained. Published 2001 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 USA, Med Corps, Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Neuropathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Mena, H (reprint author), USA, Med Corps, Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Neuropathol, 6825 16th St NW,Bldg 54,Room G051, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 44 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 91 IS 1 BP 136 EP 143 DI 10.1002/1097-0142(20010101)91:1<136::AID-CNCR18>3.0.CO;2-O PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 432DD UT WOS:000168675200018 PM 11148570 ER PT J AU Sangerman, J Kakhniashvili, D Brown, A Shartava, A Goodman, SR AF Sangerman, J Kakhniashvili, D Brown, A Shartava, A Goodman, SR TI Spectrin ubiquitination and oxidative stress: Potential roles in blood and neurological disorders SO CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Review DE spectrin; ubiquitin; sickle cell disease; red blood cells; hippocampal neurons ID HUMAN-ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE; NONERYTHROID ALPHA-SPECTRIN; DEPENDENT PROTEASE-I; SITE-SPECIFIC PHOSPHORYLATION; CULTURED HIPPOCAMPAL SLICES; IRREVERSIBLY SICKLED CELLS; CALMODULIN-BINDING SITE; SPINAL-CORD INJURY; KAPPA-B-ALPHA; BETA-SPECTRIN AB This review covers the observations that erythrocyte spectrin has a E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymatic activity that allows it to transfer ubiquitin to a target site in the alpha -spectrin repeats 20/21. The position of this ubiquitination site suggests that ubiquitination may regulate alpha beta spectrin heterodimer nucleation, spectrin-4.1-actin ternary complex formation, and adducin stimulated spectrin-actin attachment in the mature erythrocyte. In sickle cells, which contain altered redox status (high GSSG/GSH ratio), ubiquitin attachment to the E2 and target sites in a-spectrin is greatly diminished. We propose that this attenuated ubiquitination of spectrin may be due to glutathiolation of the E2 active site cysteine leading to diminished ubiquitin-spectrin adduct and conjugate formation. Furthermore we propose that lack of ubiquitin-spectrin complex formation leads to dysregulation of the membrane skeleton in mature SS erythrocytes and may diminish spectrin turnover in SS erythropoietic cells via the ubiquitin proteasome machinery. In hippocampal neurons, spectrin is the major ubiquitinated protein and a component of the cytoplasmic ubiquitinated inclusions observed in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The two primary neuronal spectrin isoforms: alpha SpI Sigma*/beta SpI Sigma2 and alpha SpII Sigma1/beta SpII Sigma1 are both ubiquitinated. Future work will resolve whether neuronal spectrins also contain E2-ubiquitin conjugating activity and the molecular basis for formation of ubiquitinated inclusions in neurological disorders. C1 Univ S Alabama, Coll Med, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. Univ S Alabama, USA, Coll Med, Ctr Comprehens Sickle Cell, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. RP Goodman, SR (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Coll Med, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [3P60 HL38639]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS35937] NR 168 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LETTERS PI WROCLAW PA UNIV WROCLAW, INST BIOCHEM, DEPT GENETIC BIOCHEMISTRY, PRZBYSZEWSKIEGO 63/77, 51-148 WROCLAW, POLAND SN 1425-8153 J9 CELL MOL BIOL LETT JI Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett. PY 2001 VL 6 IS 3 BP 607 EP 636 PG 30 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 489BN UT WOS:000171972300004 PM 11598638 ER PT J AU Stewart, JP Taylor, AJ AF Stewart, JP Taylor, AJ TI Is it time to jump on the digital echocardiography bandwagon? SO CHEST LA English DT Editorial Material ID VIDEOTAPE C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Taylor, AJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Dept Med, Bldg 2,Room 4A, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD JAN PY 2001 VL 119 IS 1 BP 12 EP 13 DI 10.1378/chest.119.1.12 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 398QC UT WOS:000166766300007 PM 11157577 ER PT J AU Shorr, AF O'Malley, PG AF Shorr, AF O'Malley, PG TI Continuous subglottic suctioning for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia - Potential economic implications SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE cost; cost-effectiveness; endotracheal tube; pneumonia; prevention; subglottic; suctioning; ventilator ID INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; STRESS-ULCER PROPHYLAXIS; MECHANICAL VENTILATION; NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; CRITICALLY ILL; INTUBATED PATIENTS; CIRCUIT CHANGES AB Study objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of continuous subglottic suctioning (CSS) as a strategy to decrease the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Design: Decision-model analysis of the cost and efficacy of endotracheal tubes that allow CSS at preventing VAP. The primary outcome was cases of VAP averted. Model estimates were based on data from published prospective trials of CSS and other prospective studies of the incidence of VAP. Setting and patients: Hypothetical cohort of 100 patients requiring nonelective endotracheal intubation and management in an ICU. Interventions: In the model, patients were managed with either traditional endotracheal tubes (ETs) or ETs capable of CSS. Measurements and main results: The marginal cost-effectiveness of CSS was calculated as the savings resulting from cases of VAP averted minus the additional costs of CSS-ETs, and expressed as cost (or savings) per episode of VAP prevented. Sensitivity analysis of the impact of the major clinical inputs on the cost-effectiveness was performed. The base case assumed that the incidence of VAP in patients requiring > 72 h of mechanical ventilation (MV) was 25%, that CSS-ETs had no impact on patients requiring MV for < 72 h, and that CSS-ETs resulted in a relative risk reduction of VAP of 30%. Despite the higher costs of ETs capable of CSS, this tactic yielded a net savings of $4,992 per case of VAP prevented. For sensitivity analysis, model inputs were adjusted by 50% individually and then simultaneously. This demonstrated the model to be only moderately sensitive to the calculated cost of VAP. With the relative risk reduction at 50% of the base-case estimate, CSS resulted in $1,924 saved per case of VAP prevented. When all variables were skewed against CSS, total outlays were trivial (approximately $14 per patient in the cohort). Conclusions: CSS represents a strategy for the prevention of VAP that may result in savings. Further studies are warranted to confirm the efficacy of CSS. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gen Internal Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Shorr, AF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 49 TC 66 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD JAN PY 2001 VL 119 IS 1 BP 228 EP 235 DI 10.1378/chest.119.1.228 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 398QC UT WOS:000166766300039 PM 11157609 ER PT B AU Yeckel, A Pandy, A Derby, JJ AF Yeckel, A Pandy, A Derby, JJ BE Davis, GDV Leonardi, E TI Representing realistic complexity in numerical models of crystal growth: Coupling of global furnace modeling to three-dimensional flows SO CHT'01: ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL HEAT TRANSFER II, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Advances in Computational Heat Transfer CY MAY 20-25, 2001 CL PALM COVE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Ctr Heat & Mass Transfer, Univ New S Wales, Computat Fluid Dynam Res Lab ID VERTICAL BRIDGMAN GROWTH; CADMIUM ZINC TELLURIDE; INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS; CRUCIBLE ROTATION; SYSTEMS; GMRES AB We present results obtained by coupling a sophisticated two-dimensional global furnace model, the CrysVUN++ code of Muller et al. [1], to a finite element model of melt crystal growth that includes three-dimensional flow and segregation, implemented in a parallel MPI-based code. This arrangement facilitates the study of three-dimensional transport phenomena in crystal growth by isolating some of the most complicated aspects of the problem, namely those related to furnace geometry, to an outer region in which CrysVUN++ is used. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Yeckel, A (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEGELL HOUSE, INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 1-56700-158-0 PY 2001 BP 1193 EP 1200 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BT14C UT WOS:000172068000139 ER PT B AU Hutchinson, JA Trussell, CW Allik, TH Hamlin, SJ AF Hutchinson, JA Trussell, CW Allik, TH Hamlin, SJ GP IEEE IEEE TI USCELRAP laser radar design considerations SO CLEO(R)/PACIFIC RIM 2001, VOL I, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics CY JUL 15-19, 2001 CL CHIBA, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEICE Elect Soc, IEICE Commun Soc, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, Opt Soc Amer, Optoelect Ind & Technol Dev Assoc AB In the U.S. CELRAP laser radar program, an eyesafe. laser radar has been designed and built using designator-class laser technology and linear multiple channel detector arrays. Functions include obstacle detection, target profiling, and range mapping. C1 USA, NVESD, AMSEL RD NV ST LT, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Hutchinson, JA (reprint author), USA, NVESD, AMSEL RD NV ST LT, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6738-3 PY 2001 BP 576 EP 577 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BX70U UT WOS:000186182500275 ER PT B AU Hutchinson, JA Trussell, CW Allik, TH Hamlin, SJ McCarthy, JC Jack, M AF Hutchinson, JA Trussell, CW Allik, TH Hamlin, SJ McCarthy, JC Jack, M GP IEEE IEEE TI USCELRAP laser radar transceiver SO CLEO(R)/PACIFIC RIM 2001, VOL I, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics CY JUL 15-19, 2001 CL CHIBA, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEICE Elect Soc, IEICE Commun Soc, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, Opt Soc Amer, Optoelect Ind & Technol Dev Assoc AB In the U.S. CELRAP laser radar hardware, 25mJ KTA OPO shifted Nd:YAG laser pulses at 1.54 microns are transmitted through beam fan optics. The return signal is imaged onto InGaAs PIN or HgCdTe APD linear multiple channel detector arrays. C1 USA, NVESD, AMSEL RD NV ST LT, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Hutchinson, JA (reprint author), USA, NVESD, AMSEL RD NV ST LT, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6738-3 PY 2001 BP 578 EP 579 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BX70U UT WOS:000186182500276 ER PT B AU Hutchinson, JA Trussell, CW Jack, M Force, J Crawford, I AF Hutchinson, JA Trussell, CW Jack, M Force, J Crawford, I GP IEEE IEEE TI USCELRAP laser radar processor electronics SO CLEO(R)/PACIFIC RIM 2001, VOL I, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics CY JUL 15-19, 2001 CL CHIBA, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEICE Elect Soc, IEICE Commun Soc, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, Opt Soc Amer, Optoelect Ind & Technol Dev Assoc AB In the U.S. CELRAP laser radar hardware, the Main Processor (MP) controls the operation of the scanner and linear image receivers, and collects, stores and displays the LIDAR data using the Night Vision Lidar File Format, version I (NLFI). C1 USA, NVESD, AMSEL RD NV ST LT, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Hutchinson, JA (reprint author), USA, NVESD, AMSEL RD NV ST LT, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6738-3 PY 2001 BP 580 EP 581 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BX70U UT WOS:000186182500277 ER PT J AU DeGeare, VS Safian, RD AF DeGeare, VS Safian, RD TI Percutaneous retrieval of a large peripherally inserted central catheter remnant from the pulmonary arteries SO CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, MCHE, MDC, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. William Beaumont Hosp, Div Cardiol, Royal Oak, MI 48072 USA. RP DeGeare, VS (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, MCHE, MDC, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY PUBL CO PI MAHWAH PA PO BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0160-9289 J9 CLIN CARDIOL JI Clin. Cardiol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 24 IS 1 BP 89 EP 89 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 387UD UT WOS:000166139500015 PM 11195621 ER PT B AU Kraus, NC AF Kraus, NC BE Hanson, H Larson, M TI On equilibrium properties in predictive modeling of coastal morphology change SO COASTAL DYNAMICS '01: PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Coastal Dynamics CY JUN 11-15, 2001 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst ID BEACH AB Most computation-intensive numerical models of coastal morphology change have not yet incorporated behavior related to equilibrium states. This behavior may involve limiting depths for given waves and currents, limiting slopes, and limiting volumes of morphologic features such as ebb-tidal shoals. As a result, the simulation time scale in these models is in doubt. It is unclear whether a prediction has proceeded to a reasonable physical state or to a spurious one dictated by the nonlinear processes contained in the governing equations and imprecise initial and boundary conditions. Regularity in coastal morphology and equilibrium forms from micro-scale through regional scale can guide modeling efforts. This paper discusses the benefit of incorporating equilibrium properties in coastal morphology modeling. An example illustrates how micro-scale physical-based calculations might be combined effectively with a bounded macro-scale model of tidal inlet shoal evolution and sediment bypassing. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kraus, NC (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0566-2 PY 2001 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Engineering; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BU27A UT WOS:000175528400001 ER PT B AU Stauble, DK AF Stauble, DK BE Hanson, H Larson, M TI Morphodynamic evaluation of a highly dynamic inlet to improve channel navigation: Chatham Harbor Massachusetts, USA SO COASTAL DYNAMICS '01: PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Coastal Dynamics CY JUN 11-15, 2001 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst AB The formation and evolution of a new inlet at Chatham Harbor, Massachusetts, has been studied for thirteen years to document and understand the complex processes of inlet evolution and morphodynamic interactions. Morphologic evolution over the past thirteen years can be characterized by several changes, First, the inlet mouth has widened to over 1.8 kin caused by the concurrent retreats of the adjacent barrier shorelines with recurved spits. Second, the southern part of the detached spit formed a barrier island that migrated southward and into the estuary, finally welding to the mainland shore. This resulted in closing off circulation to the southern part of the estuary, drastically changing the wave, tidal and littoral forces in what was a multiple inlet system. The entire tidal prism of the Bay now flows through the newest inlet. Third, with an abundant supply of sediments, the formation of substantial ebb and flood shoal complexes occurred. In order to maintain a navigational channel at this dynamic inlet system, a study was under-taken to identify morphologic patterns in inlet evolution and channel migration. With an understanding of this inlets dynamics, suggestions were made on navigation channel orientation that fit with the natural inlet evolution. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Stauble, DK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 39098 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0566-2 PY 2001 BP 232 EP 241 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Engineering; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BU27A UT WOS:000175528400024 ER PT B AU Cialone, MA Kraus, NC AF Cialone, MA Kraus, NC BE Hanson, H Larson, M TI Engineering study of inlet entrance hydrodynamics: Grays Harbor, Washington, USA SO COASTAL DYNAMICS '01: PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Coastal Dynamics CY JUN 11-15, 2001 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst AB An extensive field data collection effort was undertaken in Fall 1999 to examine wave propagation and currents through an inlet entrance. These data support a circulation and wave model for Grays Harbor, Washington, a jettied entrance with a large tidal prism. Both the field data and model results show wave attenuation in the inlet entrance, flood currents strongest on the north side of the inlet, and ebb currents more uniformly distributed. The influence of the tidal current and water level on wave transformation was also examined. Ebb current produces the greatest change at the inlet entrance, increasing wave heights by as much as 0.5-1.5 m. Flood current increases wave height at the seaward end of the entrance due to the ebb shoal redirecting flow offshore, but reduces wave height in the inlet throat. Water level has a minimal impact on wave height in the inlet entrance, but does control wave height in the back bay. C1 USA, Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Cialone, MA (reprint author), USA, Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0566-2 PY 2001 BP 413 EP 422 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Engineering; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BU27A UT WOS:000175528400042 ER PT B AU Militello, A Kraus, NC AF Militello, A Kraus, NC BE Hanson, H Larson, M TI Re-alignment of an inlet entrance channel by ebb-tidal eddies SO COASTAL DYNAMICS '01: PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Coastal Dynamics CY JUN 11-15, 2001 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst AB Channels that are maintained through an inlet entrance often tend to realign at an angle from the inlet centerline. Through hydrodynamic numerical modeling combined with field monitoring, the authors have found that eddies created by the ebb-tidal jet are a contributing factor to channel realignment at Shinnecock Inlet, Long Island, New York. Eddy formation is a non-linear process associated with the advective terms in the hydrodynamic equations. Such eddies can grow and migrate over the ebb-tidal cycle, according to the phasing of the ocean tidal wave and the ebb flow. Interaction of the eddies with the ebb-tidal jet forces the jet to migrate and change shape. Because the strength of the ebb jet is sufficient to move sand during most of the ebb cycle, the jet will scour the bottom over the path that it traverses. This scouring action moves the entrance channel from its dredged position to the location of the ebb jet. C1 USA, Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Militello, A (reprint author), USA, Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0566-2 PY 2001 BP 423 EP 432 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Engineering; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BU27A UT WOS:000175528400043 ER PT B AU Wozencraft, JM Irish, JL Lillycrop, LS AF Wozencraft, JM Irish, JL Lillycrop, LS BE Hanson, H Larson, M TI Sand volumes and transport pathways for Gulf of Mexico regional sediment management SO COASTAL DYNAMICS '01: PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Coastal Dynamics CY JUN 11-15, 2001 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst AB The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) initiated the Regional Sediment Management (RSM) Demonstration Program in recognition of the interaction of engineered navigation and beach restoration projects with adjacent coastal projects. A major component of this initiative is the creation of a regional sediment budget for a 360-kilometer stretch of Gulf of Mexico shoreline that includes nine federal navigation projects and one federal beach restoration project. This paper outlines two elements of creating a sediment budget for a single inlet system within the RSM region: identifying sand transport pathways and computing changes in sand volume. Both elements rely heavily on comparison of successive SHOALS data sets collected at East Pass, Florida, USA. The paper then describes how the information inferred from the comparisons will be incorporated into the macrobudget for the entire region. C1 USA, Engineer Dist Mobile, Mobile, AL 36602 USA. RP Wozencraft, JM (reprint author), USA, Engineer Dist Mobile, 109 St Joseph St, Mobile, AL 36602 USA. OI Irish, Jennifer/0000-0002-2429-5953 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0566-2 PY 2001 BP 693 EP 702 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Engineering; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BU27A UT WOS:000175528400071 ER PT B AU Irish, JL Wozencraft, JM Cunningham, AG AF Irish, JL Wozencraft, JM Cunningham, AG BE Hanson, H Larson, M TI Water wave measurement with lidar from a fixed platform SO COASTAL DYNAMICS '01: PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Coastal Dynamics CY JUN 11-15, 2001 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst AB In December 1999, a non-intrusive directional lidar wave gage (LWG) was field-tested. The LWG uses proven lidar technology to directly measure water surface elevation. So unlike bottom-mounted gages, the surface elevation measurement from the LWG is independent of other hydrodynamic processes. The prototype wave gage consists of 4 rangefinders, where each rangefinder collected water surface elevation time series at a rate of 10 Hz. A compass and inclinometer allowed for accurate positioning of the footprints on the water surface. Throughout the field test, ground truth was collected concurrently with the LWG data using a PUV (pressure gage and current meter) mounted directly beneath the LWG. This paper describes the prototype LWG and compares the directional-spectral analysis results from the LWG data with those from the ground truth data. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Tech Ctr Expertis, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Mobile, AL 36602 USA. RP Irish, JL (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Tech Ctr Expertis, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 109 St Joseph St, Mobile, AL 36602 USA. OI Irish, Jennifer/0000-0002-2429-5953 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0566-2 PY 2001 BP 998 EP 1006 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Engineering; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BU27A UT WOS:000175528400102 ER PT J AU Skaggs, RR McNesby, KL Daniel, RG Homan, B Miziolek, AW AF Skaggs, RR McNesby, KL Daniel, RG Homan, B Miziolek, AW TI Spectroscopic studies of low pressure opposed flow methane/air flames inhibited by Fe(CO)(5), CF3Br, or N-2 SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAMINAR; COMBUSTION; DIFFUSION; SYSTEM; AIR AB Hydroxyl radical (OH) is measured using laser induced fluorescence in reduced pressure, on-premixed, opposed flow CH4/air flames inhibited by either N-2, CF3Br, or Fe(CO)(5). Emission spectroscopy is used to qualitatively monitor OH for each inhibited flame as well as to characterize the structure of a Fe(CO)(5) inhibited flame. For the flames to which CF3Br and Fe(CO)(5)are added, the OH population decreases approximately proportional to the amount of inhibitor agent added. OH populations decrease faster for flames inhibited by Fe(CO)5 than for flames inhibited by CF3Br. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Skaggs, RR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU GORDON BREACH PUBLISHING, TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, 8TH FL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 162 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1080/00102200108952134 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 467ZC UT WOS:000170732800001 ER PT J AU Collins, J AF Collins, J TI Functional estimation by asymptotic regression SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-THEORY AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE parametric functional estimation; stochastic processes AB Through an appeal to asymptotic Gaussian representations of certain empirical stochastic processes., the techniques of continuous regression are applied to derive estimates for underlying parametric probability laws. This asymptotic regression approach yields estimates for a wide range of statistical problems, including estimation based on the empirical quantile function, Poisson process intensity estimation, and parametric density estimation. C1 USA, Ballist Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0361-0926 J9 COMMUN STAT-THEOR M JI Commun. Stat.-Theory Methods PY 2001 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2601 EP 2635 DI 10.1081/STA-100108450 PG 35 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 509KG UT WOS:000173146500007 ER PT S AU Murri, GB AF Murri, GB BE Grant, P Rousseau, CQ TI Influence of ply waviness on fatigue life of tapered composite flexbeam laminates SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES: THEORY AND PRACTICE SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Composite Structures - Theory and Practice CY MAY 17-18, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP ASTM Comm D 30 DE marcel; ply waviness; delamination; finite element; flexbeam AB Nonlinear tapered flexbeam laminates, with significant ply waviness, were cut from a full-size composite rotor hub flexbeam. The specimens were tested under combined axial tension and cyclic bending loads. All of the specimens had wavy plies through the center and near the surfaces (termed marcelled areas), although for some of the specimens the surface marcels were very obvious, and for others they were much smaller. The specimens failed by first developing cracks through the marcels at the surfaces, and then delaminations grew from those cracks, in both directions. Delamination failure occurred in these specimens at significantly shorter fatigue lives than similar specimens without waviness, tested in Ref 2. A 2-D finite-element model was developed which closely approximated the flexbeam geometry, boundary conditions, and loading. In addition, the FE model duplicated the waviness observed in one of the test specimens. The model was analyzed using a geometrically nonlinear rr code. Modifications were made to the original model to reduce the amplitude of the marcels near the surfaces. The analysis was repeated for each modification. Comparisons of the interlaminar normal stresses, a,, in the various models showed that under combined axial-tension and cyclic-bending lending, for marcels of the same aspect ratio, a, stresses increased as the distance along the taper, from thick to thin end, increased. For marcels of the same aspect ratio and at the same X-location along the taper, a, stresses decreased as the distance from the surface into the flexbeam interior increased. A technique was presented for determining the smallest acceptable marcel aspect ratio at various locations in the flexbeam. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Vehicle Technol Directorate, USA,Res Lab, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Murri, GB (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Vehicle Technol Directorate, USA,Res Lab, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2862-2 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1383 BP 188 EP 209 DI 10.1520/STP14510S PG 22 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BS14C UT WOS:000168820900010 ER PT J AU Krueger, R O'Brien, TK AF Krueger, R O'Brien, TK TI A shell/3D modeling technique for the analysis of delaminated composite laminates SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE composite materials; finite element analysis ID RELEASE RATE DISTRIBUTIONS; CANTILEVER BEAM SPECIMENS; 3-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; ELEMENTS; CRACK AB A shell/3D modeling technique was developed for which a local three-dimensional solid finite element model is used only in the immediate vicinity of the delamination front. The goal was to combine the accuracy of the full three-dimensional solution with the computational efficiency of a plate or shell finite element model. Multi-point constraints provided a kinematically compatible interface between the local three-dimensional model and the global structural model which has been meshed with plate or shell finite elements. Double cantilever beam (DCB), end notched flexure (ENF), and single leg bending (SLB) specimens were modeled using the shell/3D technique to study the feasibility for pure mode I (DCB), mode II (ENF) and mixed mode I/II (SLB) cases. Mixed mode strain energy release rate distributions were computed across the width of the specimens using the virtual crack closure technique. Specimens with a unidirectional layup and with a multidirectional layup where the delamination is located between two non-zero degree plies were simulated. For a local three-dimensional model, extending to a minimum of about three specimen thicknesses on either side of the delamination front, the results were in good agreement with mixed mode strain energy release rates obtained from computations where the entire specimen had been modeled with solid elements. For large built-up composite structures modeled with plate elements, the shell/SD modeling technique offers a great potential for reducing the model size, since only a relatively small section in the vicinity of the delamination front needs to be modeled with solid elements. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NASA, USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate,Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Krueger, R (reprint author), NASA, USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate,Langley Res Ctr, Mail Code 188E, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RI Krueger, Ronald/G-5356-2015 NR 34 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 BP 25 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(00)00133-0 PG 20 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 380YT UT WOS:000165735600003 ER PT J AU Gorowara, RL Kosik, WE McKnight, SH McCullough, RL AF Gorowara, RL Kosik, WE McKnight, SH McCullough, RL TI Molecular characterization of glass fiber surface coatings for thermosetting polymer matrix/glass fiber composites SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Interfacial Phenomena in Composite Materials CY SEP 08-10, 1999 CL STEGLITZ INT, BERLIN, GERMANY HO STEGLITZ INT DE glass fibres; interface/interphase; chemical analysis; surface treatments ID EPOXY-RESIN COMPOSITES; INTERFACE REGION; INTERPHASE FORMATION; WEIGHT SEGREGATION; COUPLING AGENTS AB Model multi-component glass fiber sizings, with formulations based upon current patent disclosures, were prepared to model the full coating packages used in commercial glass fiber manufacture. The sizings consisted of silane coupling agent, film former, and emulsifying surfactant in water and were applied to glass fibers prepared directly from molten glass. Fibers were analyzed before and after acetone extraction. The analyses of the extract solutions, with the fiber analysis, were used to determine the quantity and quality of the physically and chemically adsorbed layers. It was found that all three species remain on the fiber after extraction and that both coupling agent and surfactant concentrations in the coatings are higher than in the applied sizing. The impact of these species on the polymer composite/glass fiber interphase is discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Directorate, Rodman Mat Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP McCullough, RL (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 24 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 323 EP 329 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(00)00112-3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 408CE UT WOS:000167308300004 ER PT J AU Chung, PW Tamma, KK Namburu, RR AF Chung, PW Tamma, KK Namburu, RR TI Asymptotic expansion homogenization for heterogeneous media: computational issues and applications SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd ACUN Meeting CY FEB 14-18, 2000 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA HO UNIV NEW S WALES DE glass fibers; resins; microstructure; elasticity; homogenization ID DESIGN AB Developments in asymptotic expansion homogenization (AEH) are overviewed in the context of engineering multi-scale problems. The problems of multi-scales presently considered are those linking continuum level descriptions at two different length scales. Concurrent research in the literature is first described. A recipe of the AEH approach is then presented that can be used for future developments in many areas of material and geometric non-linear continuum mechanics. Then, a derivation is outlined using the finite element method that is useful for engineering applications that leads to coupled hierarchical partial differential equations in elasticity. The approach provides causal relationships between macro and micro scales wherein procedures for homogenization of properties and localization of small-scale response are built-in. A brief discussion of a physical paradox is introduced in the estimation of micro-stresses that tends to be a barrier in the understanding of the method. Computational issues are highlighted and illustrative applications in linear elasticity are then presented for composites containing microstructures with complex geometries. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. Ail rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USA, Res Labs, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, 111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM ktamma@tc.umn.edu NR 16 TC 62 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X EI 1878-5840 J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 9 SI SI BP 1291 EP 1301 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(01)00100-2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 466GR UT WOS:000170637500013 ER PT J AU Lau, KT Dutta, PK Zhou, LM Hui, D AF Lau, KT Dutta, PK Zhou, LM Hui, D TI Mechanics of bonds in an FRP bonded concrete beam SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE fibres; concrete strengthening ID BEHAVIOR AB Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) materials have been recognised as new innovative materials for concrete rehabilitation and retrofit. Since concrete is poor in tension, a beam without any form of reinforcement will fail when subjected to a relatively small tensile load. Therefore, the use of the FRP to strengthen the concrete is an effective solution to increase the overall strength of the structure. The attractive benefits of using FRP in real-life civil concrete applications include its high strength to weight ratio, its resistance to corrosion, and its ease of moulding into complex shapes without increasing manufacturing costs. The speed of application minimises the time of closure of a structure compared to other strengthening methods. In this paper, a simple theoretical model to estimate shear and peel-off stresses is proposed. Axial stresses in an FRP-strengthened concrete beam are considered, including the variation in FRP plate fibre orientation. The theoretical predictions are compared with solutions from an experimentally validated finite element model. The results from the theory show that maximum shear and peel-off stresses are located in the end region of the FRP plate. The magnitude of the maximum shear stress increases with increases in the amount of fibres aligned in the beam's longitudinal axis, the modulus of an adhesive material and the number of laminate layers. However, the maximum peel-off stress decreases with increasing thickness of the adhesive layer. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Mech Engn, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Lau, KT (reprint author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. NR 18 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 6 BP 491 EP 502 DI 10.1016/S1359-8368(01)00032-4 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 470UM UT WOS:000170889600002 ER PT J AU Ip, KH Dutta, PK Hui, D AF Ip, KH Dutta, PK Hui, D TI Effects of low temperature on the dynamic moduli of thick composite beams with absorbed moisture SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE dynamic moduli AB The present investigation concentrates on the influence of low temperature and moisture on the dynamic moduli of thick S2-glass composite beams. By supporting the beam sample in a free-free configuration, its natural frequencies were obtained through impact testing. Frequency dependence on the hydrothermal conditions was disclosed by testing the sample at different temperatures and with different moisture contents. Based on the frequency measurements, a method was developed to predict the longitudinal Young's modulus and the transverse shear modulus of the sample. The process involves iterative tuning of the moduli of a Timoshenko beam model via a stable characterization scheme. Numerical sensitivity study shows that the moduli thus determined are insensitive to measurement errors rendering the method a possible supplement for conventional static tests. Both frequencies and moduli of the beam sample were found to exhibit an increasing trend with reducing temperature. Besides, freezing of the absorbed moisture enlarged the longitudinal Young's modulus of the material in a significant manner. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Mech Engn, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Ip, KH (reprint author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Prof PC Tse, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 7 BP 599 EP 607 DI 10.1016/S1359-8368(01)00037-3 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 483MD UT WOS:000171638100005 ER PT J AU Tanoglu, M McKnight, SH Palmese, GR Gillespie, JW AF Tanoglu, M McKnight, SH Palmese, GR Gillespie, JW TI The effects of glass-fiber sizings on the strength and energy absorption of the fiber/matrix interphase under high loading rates SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coupling agents; polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); interphase; fiber/matrix bond; impact behavior ID PUSH-OUT TEST; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; INTERFACE; ADHESION; SURFACE; BEHAVIOR AB The interphases of various sized E-glass-fiber/epoxy-amine systems were tested at displacement rates in the range 230-2450 mum/s by a new experimental technique (dynamic micro-debonding technique), By this method, the rate-dependent interphase properties, apparent shear strength and absorbed energies due to debonding and frictional sliding, were quantified. The systems include unsized, epoxy-amine compatible, and epoxy-amine incompatible glass fibers. The high displacement rates that induce high-strain-rate interphase loading were obtained by using the rapid expansion capability of piezoelectric actuators (PZT). The results of dynamic micro-debonding experiments showed that the values of interphase strength and specific absorbed energies varied in a manner that is dependent on the sizing and exhibited significant sensitivity to loading rates, The unsized fibers exhibit greater frictional sliding energies that could provide better ballistic resistance, while the compatible sized fibers show higher strength values that improve the structural integrity of the polymeric composites. In addition, significantly higher amounts of energy are absorbed within the frictional sliding regime compared to debonding. By using the experimental data obtained, a case study was performed to reveal the importance of the interphase related micro damage modes on energy absorption (and therefore ballistic performance) of glass/epoxy composite armor. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Composites Mfg Lab 201, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Ballist Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Composites Mfg Lab 201, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Gillespie, JW (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Composites Mfg Lab 201, Newark, DE 19716 USA. OI Tanoglu, Metin/0000-0001-9770-1302 NR 40 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 61 IS 2 BP 205 EP 220 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00195-0 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 398HF UT WOS:000166750300004 ER PT S AU Bates, C Lucas, J Robinson, J AF Bates, C Lucas, J Robinson, J BE Alexandrov, VN Dongarra, JJ Juliano, BA Renner, RS Tan, CJK TI The Javelin Integrated Flight Simulation SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE -- ICCS 200, PROCEEDINGS PT 2 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2001) CY MAY 28-30, 2001 CL San Francisco, CA AB The cornerstone of the all-digital simulation for the Javelin missile system is its accurately rendered high fidelity 8-12mum infrared imagery of targets, clutter, and countermeasure effects. The Javelin missile system is a medium range, manportable, shoulder-launched, fire-and-forget, anti-armor weapon system. Javelin has two major components: a reusable Command Launch Unit (CLU) and a missile sealed in a disposable launch tube assembly. The CLU incorporates an integrated day/night sight and provides target engagement capability in adverse weather and countermeasure environments. The Javelin missile incorporates an imaging infrared seeker with a fire-and-forget tracker that allows the gunner to fire the missile and immediately take cover. The on-board tracker guides the missile to the target until impact. The tracker and its ability to maintain lock on the target throughout flight emerged as the most critical aspect of the Javelin system. A cost-effective way to develop and test new tracker algorithms became a necessity. Additionally, an innovative way to determine system performance of a fire and forget imaging infrared system was needed. From these requirements came the development of the Javelin Integrated Flight Simulation (IFS). The Javelin IFS is a high fidelity all-digital simulation whose primary functions are tracker algorithm development, flight test predictions and reconstructions, and system performance assessment. The IFS contains six models: environment model, seeker model, tracker model, autopilot, six degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) model, and gunner model. The most critical aspect of the IFS is feeding the tracker with as realistic imagery as possible. The seeker model working in conjunction with the environment model gives the IFS highly realistic and fully verified, validated, and accredited imagery of targets, terrain, and countermeasures. C1 USA, AMCOM, AMSAM, RDSSSD, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Huntsville, AL 35815 USA. CAS Inc, Huntsville, AL 35814 USA. RP Bates, C (reprint author), USA, AMCOM, AMSAM, RDSSSD, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. EM Charlie.bates@rdec.redstone.army.mil; Jeff.lucas@rdec.redstone.army.mil; Joe.robinson@rdec.redstone.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-42233-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 2074 BP 507 EP 514 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBQ28 UT WOS:000227039400055 ER PT S AU Johnson, JB Ray, JA AF Johnson, JB Ray, JA BE Alexandrov, VN Dongarra, JJ Juliano, BA Renner, RS Tan, CJK TI A multi-spectral test and simulation facility to support missile development, production, and surveillance programs SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE -- ICCS 200, PROCEEDINGS PT 2 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2001) CY MAY 28-30, 2001 CL San Francisco, CA AB The Multi-Spectral Missile Life-Cycle Test Facility (MSMLCTF) is a single hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulation complex that will uniquely have the capability to perform life-cycle simulation/testing on next-generation multi-sensor missile systems. The facility will allow for simulated end-to-end flight tests in a non-destructive manner as well as complete evaluation of all missile electronics and software. This testing will be performed at both the All-Up-Round (AUR) level and the Guidance Section (GS) level. The MSMLCTF will be used to support the Army Transformation by evaluating operational flexibility before fielding, reducing life-cycle costs, improving system performance by evaluating technology insertions and evaluating interoperability impacts. This paper gives a general description of the MSMLCTF, cost tradeoffs between live flight testing and simulation, and an update on facility development status. C1 USA, Dev Test Command, Redstone Tech Test Ctr, CSTE,DTC,RTESA, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, AMSAM,RDSSHW, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Johnson, JB (reprint author), USA, Dev Test Command, Redstone Tech Test Ctr, CSTE,DTC,RTESA, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. EM James.Johnson@rttc.army.mil; jerry.a.ray@redstone.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-42233-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 2074 BP 515 EP 520 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBQ28 UT WOS:000227039400056 ER PT S AU Manzardo, MA Gossage, B Spears, JB LeSueur, KG AF Manzardo, MA Gossage, B Spears, JB LeSueur, KG BE Alexandrov, VN Dongarra, JJ Juliano, BA Renner, RS Tan, CJK TI Infrared Scene Projector Digital Model development SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE -- ICCS 200, PROCEEDINGS PT 2 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2001) CY MAY 28-30, 2001 CL San Francisco, CA AB This paper describes the development of an Infrared Scene Projector Digital Model (IDM). The IDM is a product being developed for the Common High Performance Computing Software Support Initiative (CHSSI) program under the Integrated Modeling and Test Environments (IMT) Computational Technology Area (CTA). The primary purpose of the IDM is to provide a software model of an Infrared Scene Projector (IRSP). Initial utilization of the IDM will focus on developing non-uniformity correction algorithms, which will be implemented to correct the inherent non-uniformity of resistor array based IRSPs. After describing the basic components of an IRSP, emphasis is placed on implementing the IDM. Example processed imagery will be included, as well. C1 USA, Dev Test Command, Redstone Tech Test Ctr, CSTE,DTC,RTESA, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Manzardo, MA (reprint author), 555 Sparkman Dr,Execut Plaza,Suite 1622, Huntsville, AL 35816 USA. EM mmanzardo@rttc.army.mil; bgossage@rttc.army.mil; bspears@rttc.army.mil; klesueur@rttc.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-42233-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 2074 BP 531 EP 539 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBQ28 UT WOS:000227039400058 ER PT S AU Manzardo, MA Gossage, B Spears, JB LeSueur, KG AF Manzardo, MA Gossage, B Spears, JB LeSueur, KG BE Alexandrov, VN Dongarra, JJ Juliano, BA Renner, RS Tan, CJK TI Infrared Scene Projector Digital Model mathematical description SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE -- ICCS 200, PROCEEDINGS PT 2 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2001) CY MAY 28-30, 2001 CL San Francisco, CA AB This paper describes the development of an Infrared Scene Projector Digital Model (IDM). The IDM is a product being developed for the Common High Performance Computing Software Support Initiative (CHSSI) program under the Integrated Modeling and Test Environments (IMT) Computational Technology Area (CTA). The primary purpose of the IDM is to provide a software model of an Infrared Scene Projector (IRSP). Initial utilization of the IDM will focus on developing non-uniformity correction algorithms, which will be implemented to correct the inherent non-uniformity of resistor array based IRSPs. Emphasis here is placed on how IRSP effects are modeled in the IDM. C1 USA, Dev Test Command, Redstone Tech Test Ctr, CSTE,DTC,RTESA, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Manzardo, MA (reprint author), 555 Sparkman Dr,Execut Plaza,Suite 1622, Huntsville, AL 35816 USA. EM mmanzardo@rttc.army.mil; bgossage@rttc.army.mil; bspears@rttc.army.mil; klesueur@rttc.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-42233-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 2074 BP 540 EP 549 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBQ28 UT WOS:000227039400059 ER PT S AU Anderson, DR Allred, K Dennen, K Roberts, P Brown, WR Burroughs, EE LeSueur, KG Clardy, T AF Anderson, DR Allred, K Dennen, K Roberts, P Brown, WR Burroughs, EE LeSueur, KG Clardy, T BE Alexandrov, VN Dongarra, JJ Juliano, BA Renner, RS Tan, CJK TI Distributed test capability using infrared scene projector technology SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE -- ICCS 200, PROCEEDINGS PT 2 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2001) CY MAY 28-30, 2001 CL San Francisco, CA AB This paper describes a distributed test capability developed at the Redstone Technical Test Center (RTTC) in support of the Javelin Fire-and-Forget missile system. Javelin has a target acquisition sensor for surveying the battlefield, and a missile seeker staring focal plane array (FPA) for target tracking. Individually, these systems can be tested using scene projector capabilities at RTTC. But when combined, using this distributed capability, complete system acquisition to missile performance can be tested with the gunner in the loop. This capability was demonstrated at the Association of the United States Army (AUSA) conference in October of 2000. The Defense Research and Engineering Network (DREN) was used to connect the tactical target acquisition sensor in Washington, D.C. to the missile seeker and guidance section in Redstone Arsenal, in Huntsville, AL. The RTTC High Performance Computer provided scene projector control, distributed architecture support and real-time visible and infrared scene generation. C1 ERC Inc, Huntsville, AL 35816 USA. Sparta Syst Inc, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. USA, Dev Test Command, Redstone Tech Test Ctr, CSTE,DTC,RTESA, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Anderson, DR (reprint author), ERC Inc, 555 Sparkman Dr,Execut Plaza,Suite 1622, Huntsville, AL 35816 USA. EM danderson@rttc.army.mil; kallred@rttc.army.mil; kdennen@rttc.army.mil; proberts@rttc.army.mil; rbrown@rttc.army.mil; eburroughs@rttc.army.mil; klesueur@rttc.army.mil; tclardy@rttc.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-42233-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 2074 BP 550 EP 557 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBQ28 UT WOS:000227039400060 ER PT S AU Farris, JR Drake, M AF Farris, JR Drake, M BE Alexandrov, VN Dongarra, JJ Juliano, BA Renner, RS Tan, CJK TI Development of infrared and millimeter wave scene generators for the P3IBAT High Fidelity Flight Simulation SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE -- ICCS 200, PROCEEDINGS PT 2 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2001) CY MAY 28-30, 2001 CL San Francisco, CA AB The Pre-planned Product Improvement (P3I) Brilliant Anti-Armor BAT submunition High Fidelity Flight Simulation (HFS) is an all-digital, non-realtime simulation that combines the P3I BAT Six-Degrees-of-Freedom (6-DOF), a high fidelity dual mode seeker model, tactical flight software, and infrared (IR)/millimeter-wave (MMW) scene generation to produce a tool capable of system design, algorithm development and performance assessment. The HFS development methodology emphasizes the use of high fidelity IR and MMW imagery so that the seeker algorithms/tactical software can be incorporated to form a Software-In-The-Loop (SWIL) simulation. The IR and MMW scene generators use validated IR and MMW target signatures with correlated IR and MMW backgrounds to produce a realistic scene for a variety of battlefield scenarios. Both the IR and MMW scene generators have evolved with the availability high performance computational capability and system development to meet the design and performance assessment requirements of the P3I BAT program. C1 USA, Syst Simulat & Dev Directorate, Aviat & Missile Res & Dev Ctr, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. Simulat Technol Inc, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Farris, JR (reprint author), USA, Syst Simulat & Dev Directorate, Aviat & Missile Res & Dev Ctr, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. EM Jeremy.Farris@rdec.redstone.army.mil; Marsha.Drake@rdec.redstone.army.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-42233-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 2074 BP 558 EP 566 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBQ28 UT WOS:000227039400061 ER PT J AU Stein, K Benney, R Tezduyar, T Potvin, J AF Stein, K Benney, R Tezduyar, T Potvin, J TI Fluid-structure interactions of a cross parachute: numerical simulation SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th US National Congress on Computational Mechanics CY AUG 04-06, 1999 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO HO UNIV COLORADO DE fluid-structure interactions; parachute simulations; space-time formulataions; coupled behavior ID FINITE-ELEMENT COMPUTATIONS; SPACE-TIME PROCEDURE; MOVING BOUNDARIES; INTERFACES; INTEGRATION; STRATEGY AB The dynamics of parachutes involves complex interaction between the parachute structure and the surrounding flow field. Accurate representation of parachute systems requires treatment of the problem as a fluid-structure interaction (FSI). In this paper we present the numerical simulations we performed for the purpose of comparison to a series of cross-parachute wind tunnel experiments. The FSI model consists of a 3-D fluid dynamics (FD) solver based on the Deforming-Spatial-Domain/Stabilized Space-Time (DSD/SST) procedure, a structural dynamics (SD) solver, and a method of coupling the two solvers. These FSI simulations include the prediction of the coupled FD and SD behavior, drag histories, flow fields, structural behavior, and equilibrium geometries for the structure. Comparisons between the numerical results and the wind tunnel data are conducted for three cross-parachute models and at three different wind tunnel flow speeds. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77251 USA. St Louis Univ, Parks Coll, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM stekei@bethel.edu RI Tezduyar, Tayfun/F-6134-2012 OI Tezduyar, Tayfun/0000-0001-8707-3162 NR 18 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 EI 1879-2138 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2001 VL 191 IS 6-7 BP 673 EP 687 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(01)00312-7 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 500AK UT WOS:000172603400011 ER PT J AU Litvin, FL Fan, Q Vecchiato, D Demenego, A Handschuh, RF Sep, TM AF Litvin, FL Fan, Q Vecchiato, D Demenego, A Handschuh, RF Sep, TM TI Computerized generation and simulation of meshing of modified spur and helical gears manufactured by shaving SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Modification of geometry of spur and helical gears with parallel axes and helical gears with crossed axes is proposed. The finishing process of gear generation is shaving. The purposes of modification of gear geometry are: (i) localization and stabilization of bearing contact, and (ii) reduction of noise and vibration. The goals mentioned above are achieved as follows: 1. The pinion shaver tooth surface, in comparison with a conventional screw involute surface, is profile crowned. 2. Plunging during the process of pinion shaving is provided by variation of shortest distance E between the shaver and pinion axes. Variation of E is executed by application of a parabolic function. 3. The pinion tooth surface becomes double-crowned, in profile and longitudinal directions, due to profile crowning of pinion shaver and variation of plunging. The gear tooth surface is generated as a conventional involute gear. Tooth contact analysis (TCA) computer program for simulation of meshing and contact of shaved pinion-gear tooth surfaces is developed. The developed theory is illustrated with TCA results obtained for spur and helical gears. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn MC 251, Gear Res Ctr, Engn Res Facil 2039,ERF, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. USA, Res Lab, NASA, J Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. Visteon Corp, Dearborn, MI USA. RP Litvin, FL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn MC 251, Gear Res Ctr, Engn Res Facil 2039,ERF, 842 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 6 TC 23 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2001 VL 190 IS 39 BP 5037 EP 5055 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(00)00362-5 PG 19 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 449RY UT WOS:000169702000001 ER PT J AU Harris, LD Custer, LB Soranaka, ET Burge, JR Ruble, GR AF Harris, LD Custer, LB Soranaka, ET Burge, JR Ruble, GR TI Evaluation of objects and food for environmental enrichment of NZW rabbits SO CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals states that both structural and social environments should be considered when addressing the husbandry needs of laboratory animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate environmental enrichment strategies that could potentially enhance the well-being of rabbits. Male and female 6-week old New Zealand White rabbits were divided into three groups: food-enriched (Bunny Stix, Bunny Blocks, or celery), non-food enriched (Jingle Ball, Kong toy, or Nylabone), and not enriched. Animals were given a particular enrichment for 1 h daily for 15 days. Home cages were fitted with specially designed plexiglass doors, which allowed the animals' interactions with the objects to be videotaped. The amount of time the animal interacted with each object and the total activity during the I-h taped session were recorded for each rabbit. Rabbits were weighed weekly. Rabbits spent significantly more time interacting with the Bunny Stir than any other food item or non-food object. In addition, total activity time was significantly greater for all rabbits enriched with food versus any of the non-food items. Weight gains after 15 days did not differ significantly, but there was a trend towards increased weight gains in food-enriched rabbits. In this study, food was a stronger, more sustained enrichment device than were non-food objects. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Vet Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Harris, LD (reprint author), 1219 Knight St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1060-0558 J9 CONTEMP TOP LAB ANIM JI Contemp. Top. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 40 IS 1 BP 27 EP 30 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 397MV UT WOS:000166700200005 PM 11300672 ER PT B AU Dotson, HW AF Dotson, HW BE Gruntfest, E Handmer, J TI Watershed modeling with HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Engineering Centers-hydrologic modeling system) using spatially distributed rainfall SO COPING WITH FLASH FLOODS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 2: ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced-Study-Institute on Coping with Flash Floods CY NOV 08-17, 1999 CL RAVELLO, ITALY SP NATO AB Simulation of the watershed runoff response to rainfall is an essential element of flood-warning and preparedness programs. The reliability of estimated runoff is an important aspect of successful programs. Methodologies for observing spatially distributed rainfall (radar rainfall) and for obtaining other gridded watershed data are continuously evolving. The increasing availability of spatially distributed data creates opportunity for improving rainfall-runoff modeling. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC) has developed a watershed modeling program, HEC-HMS, that has the capability to use spatially distributed rainfall and runoff parameters for runoff simulation. This capability and the associated applicability to flash floods are described. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Hydraul Engn Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Dotson, HW (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Hydraul Engn Ctr, 609 2nd St, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6825-8 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 2 ENV PY 2001 VL 77 BP 219 EP 230 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BR92W UT WOS:000168052200021 ER PT J AU Brown, BA Parker, CT Bower, KS AF Brown, BA Parker, CT Bower, KS TI Effective steroid-sparing treatment for peripheral ulcerative keratitis and pyoderma gangrenosum SO CORNEA LA English DT Article DE Pyoderma gangrenosum; peripheral keratitis; azathioprine AB Objective. To report a patient with a rare clinical presentation of marginal keratitis and pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) that responded to the steroid-sparing agent azathioprine. Design. Interventional case report. Methods. Case report and MEDLINE review of the medical literature on PG-associated peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) and its treatment. Results. A patient with a biopsy-proven history of PG developed an explosive episode of PUK. The ocular inflammation was minimally responsive to topical therapy and required significant long-term oral steroids for control. The patient's active skin lesions and marginal keratitis responded dramatically to systemic oral azathioprine. Since the initiation of treatment with azathioprine, there have been no subsequent recurrences of PG or marginal keratitis. Conclusions. PUK may be associated with other inflammatory conditions, such as PG and arthritis. Systemic azathioprine may successfully control ocular and extraocular conditions and should be considered in the clinical setting of topical therapy failure and/or extraocular inflammatory conditions. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Rheumatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Brown, BA (reprint author), 105 Sandy Lake Rd, Columbia, SC 29229 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-3740 J9 CORNEA JI Cornea PD JAN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1 BP 117 EP 118 DI 10.1097/00003226-200101000-00023 PG 2 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 385YX UT WOS:000166033700023 PM 11188994 ER PT J AU Szebeni, J AF Szebeni, J TI Complement activation-related pseudoallergy caused by liposomes, micellar carriers of intravenous drugs, and radiocontrast agents SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN THERAPEUTIC DRUG CARRIER SYSTEMS LA English DT Review DE allergy; anaphylatoxins; anaphylactoid reaction; blood substitutes; complement; liposomes; micelles; poloxamers; radiocontrast agents; cancer chemotherapy; Taxol; Cremophor EL ID RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST-MEDIA; ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY ACTIVATION; CREMOPHOR-EL; IN-VITRO; HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS; ENCAPSULATED HEMOGLOBIN; ANAPHYLACTOID REACTIONS; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; HUMAN-SERUM AB There is growing awareness that numerous drug-induced immediate hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) do not fit in Gell and Coombs' Type I category of drug allergies, characterized by the pivotal pathogenic role of allergen-specific IgE. Such non-IgE-mediated "pseudoallergic" reactions are primarily caused by (1) certain liposomal formulations of intravenous drugs and imaging agents, (2) infusion liquids containing micelle-forming amphiphilic lipids or synthetic block-copolymer emulsifiers, and (3) iodinated radiocontrast media with limited solubility in water. Common features of the latter "pseudoallergens" include the capacity to activate the complement (C) system; also, the symptoms they cause are often typical manifestations of excessive anaphylatoxin generation in blood. Hence, these reactions have been called "C activation-related pseudoallergy" (CARPA). The present review surveys the experimental and clinical evidence for the involvement of C activation in HSRs caused by pseudoallergens in the above three categories. To fit CARPA within the classical scheme of HSRs, a subdivision of Type I allergy is proposed on the basis of the mechanism of mast cell (and basophil) activation. The new scheme distinguishes direct and receptor-mediated HSRs, with the latter category subdivided to true IgE-mediated allergy; anaphylatoxin-mediated CARPA; and IgE plus anaphylatoxin double-triggered reactions. Further issues addressed in the review include animal models, risk factors, laboratory predictive tests, and pharmacological prevention of CARPA. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Szebeni, J (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 234 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 7 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0743-4863 J9 CRIT REV THER DRUG JI Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carr. Syst. PY 2001 VL 18 IS 6 BP 567 EP 606 PG 40 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 507NX UT WOS:000173035500005 PM 11789676 ER PT B AU Salazar, WE AF Salazar, WE BE Ross, RG TI Status of programs for the DoD family of linear drive cryogenic coolers for weapon systems SO CRYOCOOLERS 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Cryocooler Conference CY JUN 20-22, 2000 CL BALL AEROSP & TECHNOLOGIES CORP, KEYSTONE, CO HO BALL AEROSP & TECHNOLOGIES CORP AB The Standard Advanced Dewar Assembly (SADA) is the critical module in the Department of Defense (DOD) standardization effort of second-generation thermal imaging systems. DOD has established a family of SADAs to address high performance (SADA I), mid-to-high performance (SADA II), and compact class (SADA III) systems. SADAs consist of the Infrared Focal Plane Array (IRFPA), Dewar, Command & Control Electronics (C&CE), and the cryogenic coolers. SADAs are used in weapons systems such as Comanche, the M1 Abrams tank, the M2 Bradley fighting vehicle, and the Javelin CLU. The linear drive cryocoolers maintain the Infrared Focal Plane Arrays (IRFPAs) at the desired operating temperature. Stirling linear drive cryocoolers are being used in place of Stirling rotary coolers. DOD has defined a family of tactical linear drive coolers in support of the family of SADAs. These coolers are required to have low input power, a quick cool-down time, low vibration output, low audible noise, and higher reliability, This paper (1) outlines the characteristics of each cooler, (2) presents the status and results of qualification tests, and (3) presents the status and test results of efforts to increase cryocooler reliability. Flexure-spring designs of the 0.15 watt and 1.0 watt coolers are currently in reliability growth testing. C1 USA, Commun & Elect Command Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Salazar, WE (reprint author), USA, Commun & Elect Command Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46567-1 PY 2001 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics GA BT66F UT WOS:000173666500002 ER PT J AU Gorske, A McQueen, C AF Gorske, A McQueen, C TI Treatment of gastrointestinal infections SO CURRENT OPINION IN GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; SALMONELLA-TYPHI; CIPROFLOXACIN; DIARRHEA; CLARITHROMYCIN; RESISTANCE; EFFICACY; FEVER AB Studies aimed at improving treatment strategies for patients with acute diarrhea have included the clinical testing of modifications to the standard oral rehydration solution. A matabsorbed carbohydrate has been found to improve resuscitation, probably through the recruitment of colonic absorptive capacity. A reduced osmolarity solution is safe in adults and as effective as the standard solution. For nonnursing infants, increasing the frequency of feeding with reduced volume results in comparable total caloric intake and diminishes the risk of prolonged diarrhea. Increasing resistance of important enteric pathogens to inexpensive and newer antibiotics continues to be a concern. Reports from Asia of decreased Salmonella typhi resistance to chloramphenicol, attributed to restricted antibiotic usage, may indicate a reversal of the usual trend. A strategy to block the action of shiga toxins in the gut through the use of recombinant bacteria has shown promise in a mouse model. A small but well-designed study supported the use of either norfloxacin or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in the treatment of small bower overgrowth syndrome. Studies exploring passive immunity strategies for the treatment of Escherichia coli, Cryptosporidium, and Candida infections have reported variable levels of success. (C) 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP McQueen, C (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Mil Casualty Res, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0267-1379 J9 CURR OPIN GASTROEN JI Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 17 IS 1 BP 46 EP 51 DI 10.1097/00001574-200101000-00009 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 383LD UT WOS:000165883200009 PM 17031149 ER PT J AU Elston, DM AF Elston, DM TI Dermatology: 2001 SO CUTIS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol MCHEDD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol MCHEDD, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JAN PY 2001 VL 67 IS 1 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 391PN UT WOS:000166364500001 PM 11204596 ER PT B AU Baskin, SI AF Baskin, SI BE Young, CA Twidwell, LG Anderson, CG TI The pharmacology & toxicology of cyanide & its derivatives SO CYANIDE: SOCIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Cyanide - Social, Industrial and Economic Aspects held at the Annual Meeting of TMS CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Extract & Processing Div, Extract & Processing Div, Waste Treatment & Minimizat Comm, Extract & Processing Div, Precious Met Comm, Int Precious Met Inst, Soc Min Met & Explorat Inc, NW Min Assoc ID IN-VIVO; CATALYZED CONVERSION; SODIUM-NITRITE; THIOCYANATE; DETOXIFICATION; METHEMOGLOBIN; RHODANESE; TOXICITY; INVITRO; SULFUR AB Cyanides are utilized in many industrial applications including preparation of chemical intermediates, electroplating, and mining. Cyanide has been utilized in chemical warfare operations as well. Cyanide is also synthesized and found in plants and animals including man where it is thought to perform multiple functions. A variety of enzymes are known to detoxify cyanide under different conditions. These include rhodanese, 3-mercaptopyruvate-sulfur transferase, thiosulfate reductase, cystathionase and albumin. Cyanide appears to exert its toxic effect primarily by inhibiting cytochrome oxidase although other enzymes are also inhibited. Therapeutic antagonist categories to treat cyanide include methemoglobin formers such as nitrite, sulfane-sulfur donors such as thiosulfate, metal salts or complexes such as cobalt and cyanohydrin-forming compounds such as dihydroxyacetone or alpha keto-glutaric acid. Advantages and disadvantages of each category will be discussed. Newer compounds under development have been found that may allow for prophylactic therapy for cyanide poisoning with minimal side effects. In addition, portable co-oximetry devices may provide real-time measurement of cyanide in field units. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Baskin, SI (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-479-8 PY 2001 BP 63 EP 70 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR82J UT WOS:000167712900007 ER PT S AU Han, EH Karypis, G Kumar, V AF Han, EH Karypis, G Kumar, V BE Grossman, RL Kamath, C Kegelmeyer, P Kumar, V Namburu, RR TI Data mining for turbulent flows SO DATA MINING FOR SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS SE MASSIVE COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Mining Scientific Datasets CY JUL, 2000 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr DE data mining; turbulent flows; classification rules; support vector machines AB Data mining techniques hold great promise for enabling the automatic analysis of large data sets generated by scientific simulation, and thus, may help engineers and scientists unravel the causal relationships in the underlying system. In this chapter, we propose several data modeling methods to incorporate spatial and temporal features of scientific Simulation data and investigate some of them in the context of developing models for predicting burst events in turbulent flow. We use the classification rules algorithm C4.5rules and support-vector machines on the turbulent flow simulation data to develop predictive models for identifying upward or downward velocity movements of the flow close to the wall as a function of swirl strength in the nearby region. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, USA, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Han, EH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, USA, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-2698 BN 1-4020-0033-2 J9 MASSIVE COMP PY 2001 VL 2 BP 239 EP 256 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BT35B UT WOS:000172716000014 ER PT B AU Hunter, LE Smith, GW AF Hunter, LE Smith, GW BE Weddle, TK Retelle, MJ TI Morainal banks and the deglaciation of coastal Maine SO DEGLACIAL HISTORY AND RELATIVE SEA-LEVEL CHANGES, NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND AND ADJACENT CANADA SE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA SPECIAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Deglacial History and Relative Sea-Level Changes, Northern New England and Adjacent Canada held at the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY MAR, 1998 CL PORTLAND, ME SP Geol Soc Amer ID ADJACENT AREAS; GROUNDING-LINE; GLACIER BAY; ALASKA; ICE AB Morainal banks (end moraines and associated ice-frontal features) are found in abundance below the limit of late glacial marine submergence throughout the coastal zone of Maine. These features formed during retreat of the late Wisconsinan Laurentide ice and record successive grounding-line positions. These thick sequences of glaciofluvial sediment document temperate ice conditions, and internal deformation records regular annual advance-retreat cycles of the ice margin. The morainal banks range from sharp-crested ridges to flat-topped ice-contact deltas. Composition varies from diamicton to glaciofluvial sediment, although most morainal banks are composed of admixtures of both. Regardless of size, shape, and composition, these features share a common origin with morainal banks forming at the grounding line of modern tidewater glaciers. Detailed study of these banks has led to the recognition of several lithofacies and lithofacies assemblages, and the development of a model for morainal bank formation. This model incorporates deposition related to meltwater jet trajectories at the glacier grounding line, remobilization of sediment by gravity-flow mechanisms, and glacial deformation associated with seasonal fluctuations of the grounding line. The distribution of morainal banks defines the pattern of the last ice retreat from the coastal zone, and indicates that retreat was regular and roughly parallel to the present coastline. Rates of ice retreat, calculated on the basis of morainal bank spacing, range from 0.05 to 0.13 km/yr, the highest rates occurring close to the present coast and lower rates occurring near the marine limit. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Hunter, LE (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA BN 0-8137-2351-5 J9 GEOL S AM S PY 2001 IS 351 BP 151 EP 170 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA BT59U UT WOS:000173446000007 ER PT S AU Sullivan, A Sichina, J Nguyen, L AF Sullivan, A Sichina, J Nguyen, L BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT George, V TI Identification of mine and UXO target features using computational electromagnetics SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VI CY APR 16-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE mines; unexploded ordnance; UXO; target features; scattering centers; computational electromagnetics ID ULTRA-WIDE-BAND; SCATTERING; RADAR AB Wideband (approximately 0-2000 MHz) electromagnetic scattering from mines and unexploded ordnance (UXO) is considered using a method of moments (MoM) analysis for general targets in a layered medium, with the lossy, dispersive layers representing the typical layered character of many soils. We examine wave phenomenology to identify target features that may be exploited in target detection algorithms. Accordingly, we examine the target signature in both the frequency and time domain, as well as in the SAR image domain. For this study, we restrict ourselves to a single UXO target, i.e., a 155 mm shell, an arbitrary cylindrical metal mine, and a cylindrical plastic mine (TM-62P3 anti-tank mine). Results show that for the UXO, a strong correlation exists between the target signature in the frequency domain and the target orientation. For the rotationally symmetric mines, despite their small size, results show that these targets contain isolated scattering centers due to the wide bandwidth of the incident pulse. Further, these scattering centers can be used to deconstruct the backscattered time waveform into closely spaced simple wave objects that leads to an observable interference pattern in the frequency domain. This relatively simple scattering deconstruction lends itself well to target detection and discrimination. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sullivan, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4089-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4394 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1117/12.445485 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Optics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BU10J UT WOS:000175016500004 ER PT S AU Donzelli, TP Haskett, HT AF Donzelli, TP Haskett, HT BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT George, V TI Surface mine detection in the 3-5 mu m band using neural networks SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VI CY APR 16-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE neural network; mine detection; IR; detection performance AB This paper discusses some preliminary results of the application of simple neural networks to the problem of landmine detection in IR imagery. A large data set of IR imagery (3 - 5 mum) collected as part of the U.S. Army's Lightweight Airborne Multispectral Minefield Detection (LAMD) system is used as the basis for the analysis. The data set is divided into training and testing subsets then used to train and evaluate the performance of some neural networks. A single neuron perceptron is trained and evaluated using two different types of input feature. The first type of input feature is based on the raw pixel values with typical maximum value normalization. The second type is based on the unity vector of the inputs to take advantage of the angular displacement feature of the vector [1]. A more complex, multiple neuron network is also trained and evaluated. The results are compared to determine whether the increased computational complexity of the multiple neuron network is justified in terms of improved performance. C1 USA, Night Vis Lab, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Donzelli, TP (reprint author), USA, Night Vis Lab, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4089-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4394 BP 321 EP 333 DI 10.1117/12.445483 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Optics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BU10J UT WOS:000175016500030 ER PT S AU Bishop, S Campana, A Duston, B Lang, D Wiggins, C AF Bishop, S Campana, A Duston, B Lang, D Wiggins, C BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT George, V TI Improved close-in detection for the Mine Hunter/Killer system SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VI CY APR 16-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE mine detection; multi-sensor; vehicle-mounted; data fusion AB The Close-In Detector (CID) is the vehicle-mounted multi-sensor anti-tank landmine detection technology for the Army CECOM Night Vision Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) Mine Hunter-Killer (MH/K) Program. The CID includes two down-looking sensor arrays: a 20-antenna ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and a 16-coil metal detector (MD). These arrays span 3-meters in front of a high mobility, multipurpose wheeled vehicle (HMMWV). The CID also includes a roof-mounted, forward looking infrared (FLIR) camera that images a trapezoidal area of the road ahead of the vehicle. Signals from each of the three sensors are processed separately to detect and localize objects of interest. Features of candidate objects are integrated in a processor that uses them to discriminates between anti-tank (AT) mines and clutter and produces a list of suspected mine locations which are passed to the neutralization subsystem of MH/K. This paper reviews the current design and performance of the CID based on field test results on dirt and gravel mine test lanes. Improvements in CID performance for probability of detection, false alarm rate, target positional accuracy and system rate of advance over the past year and a half that meet most of the program goals are described. Sensor performances are compared, and the effectiveness of six different sensor fusion approaches are measured and compared. C1 USA, CECOM, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Bishop, S (reprint author), USA, CECOM, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4089-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4394 BP 1201 EP 1212 DI 10.1117/12.445449 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Optics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BU10J UT WOS:000175016500116 ER PT S AU Schweitzer, T Watts, T Wright, N Cornell, D AF Schweitzer, T Watts, T Wright, N Cornell, D BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT George, V TI Mine Hunter/Killer system performance results (U) SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VI CY APR 16-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB (U) The Mine Hunter / Killer Advanced Technology Demonstrator (MH/K ATD) is a U.S. Army program that demonstrates, the current capabilities of technologies for a route clearance mission. The MH/K ATD system is a vehicle-mounted mine detection and neutralization system used to locate and defeat buried and surface-laid anti-tank (AT) mines and/or antipersonnel (AP) land mines greater than 15 cm in diameter. The detection/neutralization functions are accomplished by an unmanned, remote controlled Host Vehicle (HMMWV 1097A2). Teleoperation is achieved through the Mark II Standard Teleoperation System (STS). Mine detection is accomplished by the Close In Detector (CID), and mine neutralization by the Neutralizer Delivery Mechanism (NDM). The first part of the paper will focus on the Warfighter requirements and the utility of the MH/K ATD to the GSTAMIDS Block I program. Then, the critical parameter system results of rate of advance, probability of detection, false alarm rate, probability of kill, and time to neutralize will be discussed. Neutralizer placement accuracy and neutralizer lethality test results will be presented. System integration issues will be discussed, centering on the challenges of vehicle interface, teleoperation, mine overpass capability, accurate target location and tracking, and autonomous control, including an automated neutralizer delivery mechanism. Transition of the MH/K technologies and capabilities to the GSTAMIDS Block 1 program will be also discussed and detailed. C1 USA, CECOM, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Schweitzer, T (reprint author), USA, CECOM, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4089-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4394 BP 1235 EP 1246 DI 10.1117/12.445452 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Optics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BU10J UT WOS:000175016500119 ER PT B AU Pratt, TC Cook, DS AF Pratt, TC Cook, DS BE Li, G TI Hydraulic processes analysis system (HYPAS) SO DEVELOPMENT, PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER RESOURCES, THEME A, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Congress of the International-Association-of-Hydraulic-Engineering-and-Research (IAHR) CY SEP 16-21, 2001 CL BEIJING INT CONVENT CTR, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Engn & Res, Minist Water Resources, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, United Nat Educ, Sci & Cultural Org, Hai River Conservancy Commiss, Huai River Conservancy Commiss, Songhua River & Liao River Conservancy Commiss, Xialangdi Multipurpose Project Corp, China Yangtze Three Gorges Project Dev Corp, China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res HO BEIJING INT CONVENT CTR DE ADCP; acousdc doppler current profiler; grain size data; sediment samples; Gis; geographical informafion system; HyPAS; hydraulic process analysis system AB Modem electronic instrumentation produces large amounts of data. Often, this abundance of data is not fully utilized because the engineer or scientist does not have an effective way to visualize and analyze it within a projects time schedule. This problem can be minimized by a set of tools that provides ready capability to visualize, analyze, reduce, and efficiently plot data obtained from such instrumentation. Additionally, such a tool can take advantage of geographically referenced data of high spatial accuracy, HyPAS is designed to be a Geographic Information System (GIS) for hydraulic data, capable of managing, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced data. A mapping system alone lacks database management capabilities. GIS software provides both applications with a robust set of tools capable of manipulating large amounts of data with high spatial accuracy; however, typically a substantial learning investment is required to become proficient with GIS software. HyPAS is designed to lessen the learning curve and provide analysis tools to facilitate processing field data. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Pratt, TC (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-302-04676-X PY 2001 BP 132 EP 139 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BU24A UT WOS:000175456800020 ER PT B AU Hsieh, BB AF Hsieh, BB BE Li, G TI An optimal design of contaminant plume capture system in groundwater under parameter and boundary uncertainty SO DEVELOPMENT, PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER RESOURCES, THEME A, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Congress of the International-Association-of-Hydraulic-Engineering-and-Research (IAHR) CY SEP 16-21, 2001 CL BEIJING INT CONVENT CTR, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Engn & Res, Minist Water Resources, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, United Nat Educ, Sci & Cultural Org, Hai River Conservancy Commiss, Huai River Conservancy Commiss, Songhua River & Liao River Conservancy Commiss, Xialangdi Multipurpose Project Corp, China Yangtze Three Gorges Project Dev Corp, China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res HO BEIJING INT CONVENT CTR DE integrated modelling technique; uncertainties ID AQUIFER AB An integrated modelling technique, which includes numerical simulation, optimization, and uncertainty analysis, was developed for investigating an optimal decision of contaminant plume capture design in groundwater. A generalized linkage between a numerical model, such as FEMWATER (a three-dimensional finite-element code) from the GMS (Department of Defense Groundwater Modelling System), and an optimization solver based on the unit-response matrix method was first constructed. The next step was to insert the parameter and boundary uncertainties into the hydraulic gradient control schemes. The developed sensitivity coefficients were then combined with the response coefficient calculation and considered as additional design constraints in the optimization process. A real case study to examine the optimal capture zone design for the uncertainties of hydraulic conductivity, infiltration rate, and constant head boundary was demonstrated. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Engineer R&D Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Hsieh, BB (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Engineer R&D Ctr, 3909 Hall Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-302-04676-X PY 2001 BP 145 EP 151 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BU24A UT WOS:000175456800022 ER PT S AU Budulas, PP Pierce, CS Emmerman, PJ AF Budulas, PP Pierce, CS Emmerman, PJ BE Rao, RM Dianat, SA Zoltowski, MD TI Sensor array networks and long distance communications SO DIGITAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Digital Wireless Communication III CY APR 17-18, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE long distance; communications; sensor array; protocol AB This paper will discuss the on-going research at Army Research Laboratory (ARL) supporting long distance communication for networked sensor arrays. As the Army continues to move forward in the development of remote, distributed, unattended, intelligence sensors, the need for the resultant information to reach the command and control center increases. In the case of sensor array networks the command and control center provides configuration information for deployment and battlefield visualization tools to interpret and integrate the data received. These sensor array networks may be separated by long distances from the command and control center. To allow the communication to take place, an experimental long distance communication link was developed and demonstrated. The link consists of a variable node ad-hoc wireless network and controlling software. This network provides the pre-processed data for situational awareness to the remote command control center over a low bandwidth link. This link must be robust in that it must tolerate node failures and adapt. Although mobility is not a large issue, the network must tolerate a variable network topology and must therefore be ad-hoc. In this paper we will discuss the design requirements for this communication link along with the protocols developed to overcome limitations imposed by the noisy, failure prone battlefield wireless environment. We will also discuss the software and hardware architecture design and implementation for the generalized long distance sensor array communication link. Currently, operational components of this link function over an 80 mile distance with very high noise levels, node failures, intermittent connectivity, and severe bandwidth constraints. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI CB, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Budulas, PP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI CB, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4090-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4395 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1117/12.438276 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BT18S UT WOS:000172224000010 ER PT S AU Younger, M Young, S AF Younger, M Young, S BE Rao, RM Dianat, SA Zoltowski, MD TI Defense and security of a wireless tactical network SO DIGITAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Digital Wireless Communication III CY APR 17-18, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB Recall the adage "a chain is as strong as its weakest link" - a phrase that could serve as the official mantra of computer security. Operating Systems are difficult system to administer because it is not only complex and cantankerous but also hard to secure. They are enormous configurability, the fact that vendors don't ship secure systems, and that it requires significant amounts of time, resources, and expertise to safeguard a host are only some of the reasons that so many systems are insecure any type of network commercial or tactical. To compound the problem, like all modem operating systems it not only becomes less secure as time goes on (simply due to usage), but with the rapidly changing security field, it also requires considerable effort to stay abreast of the latest information. Army Research Labs (ARL) is trying to address the security of the operating system in a tactical wireless environment. Through the use of public domain and/or commercial means. ARL is evaluating monitoring, deployment, and auditing techniques in the wire commercial domain. By evaluating the wire domain ARL will determine what works and how they work in the tactical area. There are numerous ways to protect the wire/wireless network via public domain or commercial software. Some of the concerns in the wireless domain are bandwidth, complexity, implementation and deployment of monitoring and auditing tools. The implementation and deployment of encryption, public and private key information, and certificate authority. Also, ARL will address configuration problems, correcting or catching misuse and misunderstandings, and computers that haven't received the latest patch or security fix from the vendor within the wireless domain. C1 USA, Res Labs, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Younger, M (reprint author), USA, Res Labs, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4090-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4395 BP 224 EP 232 DI 10.1117/12.438289 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BT18S UT WOS:000172224000022 ER PT S AU Luu, BB Sadler, CM AF Luu, BB Sadler, CM BE Rao, RM Dianat, SA Zoltowski, MD TI Data transmission over Inmarsat in TCP/IP environment SO DIGITAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Digital Wireless Communication III CY APR 17-18, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE satellite communications; Inmarsat; ISDN; data transmission; TCP/IP; protocol boosters AB The International Maritime Satellite (Inmarsat) communication service can be used to provide a wide area network (WAN) connection for a local area network (LAN) to the home LAN from almost anywhere on the earth. The communication link of the WAN connection is achieved through the satellite network of Inmarsat and a land-earth digital telephone network,, such as Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). We determined the throughput data rate of data transmission in the TCP/IP environment over the Inmarsat link and compared it with the throughput data rate over a null-modem link (assumed to be error free) for the WAN connection. We also used the protocol boosters that provide forward error correction for the TCP/IP environment to test the improvement of data transmission over the satellite link. Communication over satellite tends to be noisy and delay prone. However, our analysis shows that the Inmarsat satellite-ISDN link is so reliable that the data transmission rate is nearly an error-free link in the TCP/IP network, and the application of forward error correction on the network causes a reduction in throughput data rate. C1 Penn State Univ, USA, Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Luu, BB (reprint author), Penn State Univ, USA, Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4090-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4395 BP 233 EP 239 DI 10.1117/12.438290 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BT18S UT WOS:000172224000023 ER PT B AU Marin, J Ragsdale, D Surdu, J AF Marin, J Ragsdale, D Surdu, J GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI A hybrid approach to the profile creation and intrusion detection SO DISCEX'01: DARPA INFORMATION SURVIVABILITY CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION II, VOL I, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd DARPA Information Survivability Conference and Exposition (DISCEX II) CY JUN 12-14, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Def Adv Res Project Agcy, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Secur & Privacy ID COMPUTER AB Anomaly detection involves characterizing the behaviors of individuals or systems and recognizing behavior that is outside the norm. This paper describes some preliminary results concerning the robustness and generalization capabilities of machine learning methods in creating user profiles based on the selection and subsequent classification of command line arguments. We base our method on the belief that legitimate users can be classified into categories based on the Percentage of commands they use in a specified period. The hybrid approach we employ begins with the application of expert rules to reduce the dimensionality of the data, followed by an initial clustering of the data and subsequent refinement of the cluster locations using a competitive network called Learning Vector Quantization. Since Learning Vector Quantization is a nearest neighbor classifier, and new record presented to the network that lies outside a specified distance is classified as a masquerader. Thus, this system does not require anomalous records to be included in the training set. C1 US Mil Acad, Informat Technol & Operat Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Marin, J (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Informat Technol & Operat Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1212-7 PY 2001 BP 69 EP 76 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BT92R UT WOS:000174462900007 ER PT J AU Beaudoin, D Spaar, E Lowenthal, SP Chung, KC AF Beaudoin, D Spaar, E Lowenthal, SP Chung, KC TI Increased National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) goal attainment - Outcome assessment of Department of Defense conversion to cerivastatin and simvastatin SO DISEASE MANAGEMENT & HEALTH OUTCOMES LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC PATIENTS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; DOUBLE-BLIND; PRAVASTATIN; EFFICACY; SAFETY; LOVASTATIN; THERAPY; MULTICENTER AB Objective: To contain costs, the US Department of Defense instituted a mandated statin formulary conversion program, designating cerivastatin and simvastatin as the 'preferred statins'. This study examines the effectiveness, safety, and statin cost effectiveness following conversion to cerivastatin and simvastatin. Design: Retrospective analysis. Setting: Madigan Army Medical Center (MANIC), Tacoma, Washington, USA. Patients: Men and women treated and filling their statin prescriptions at MAMC with records of statin conversion between October 1999 and April 2000 (n = 1303). Methods: Age, gender, and lipid parameter measurements assessed pre-conversion (earliest measurement prior to conversion) and greater than or equal to21 days post-conversion were recorded. Pre- and post-conversion attainment of National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel II (NCEP-ATP II)/American Diabetes Association (ADA) goals, lipid parameters, and estimated statin cost per patient attaining NCEP-ATP II/ADA goals, were analysed. Results: Conversion to cerivastatin (n = 1038) elevated goal attainment (18.2%), and reduced low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol (LDL-C) levels by 15.4 mg/dl, total cholesterol (TC) by 13.5 mg/dl and triglycerides (TG) by 10.2 mg/dl, and elevated high-density lipoprotein and cholesterol (HDL-C) levels by 3.8 mg/dl (all p < 0.002). Similar results occurred in NCEP-ATP 11 patient subgroups [secondary prevention; primary prevention: with diabetes mellitus, greater than or equal to2 risk factors (RF), and <2 RF]. Patients receiving simvastatin (n = 265) exhibited improvement in NCEP-ATP II/ADA goal attainment and LDL-C, TC, and HDL-C levels [all p < 0.05, except HDL-C in the <2 RF subgroup (nonsignificant)]. The estimated pre-conversion annual pharmacy statin cost per patient attaining and NCEP-ATP II/ADA goals was $US681 ($US56.77 per patient per month), compared with the post-conversion annual cost of $US355 ($US29.62 per patient per month), driven primarily by the cerivastatin conversion (2000 values). Post-conversion adverse events [rash (n = 3), dizziness (n = 1), and gastrointestinal upset (n = 1)] were rare. There were no reported clinically significant elevations of liver function tests or creatine kinase, or cases of myositis or myalgia. Conclusions: Statin conversion at MANIC to cerivastatin and simvastatin is an effective and well tolerated method for improving NCEP-ATP II/ADA goal attainment and lipid parameters while containing pharmacy costs. C1 Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Bayer Corp, West Haven, CT USA. RP Beaudoin, D (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 1173-8790 J9 DIS MANAG HEALTH OUT JI Dis. Manag. Health Outcomes PY 2001 VL 9 IS 12 BP 699 EP 709 DI 10.2165/00115677-200109120-00004 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 512EQ UT WOS:000173308500004 ER PT J AU Hong, SP Yoo, WD Putnak, R Eckels, KH Rho, HM Kim, SO AF Hong, SP Yoo, WD Putnak, R Eckels, KH Rho, HM Kim, SO TI Nucleotide sequence of envelope protein of Japanese encephalitis virus SA(14)-14-2 adapted to Vero cells SO DNA SEQUENCE LA English DT Article DE Japanese encephalitis; Vero cells; attenuation; vaccine; polymerase chain reaction; nucleotides ID ATTENUATED VACCINE; STRAIN AB Live attenuated Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus SA(14)-14-2 produced in primary dog kidney cells (PDK) was adapted to Vero cells. In an effort to gain insight into the molecular basis of the biological characteristics of the SA14-14-2(Vero) strain, the 1500 nucleotide sequence encoding the envelope (E) gene which possesses major neutralizing epitopes was determined and compared with the sequences of two other attenuated JE virus strains, SA(14)-14-2(PHK) and SA(14)-14-2(PDK). The amino acid sequence of the C-terminal region (a.a. 280-500) was found to be identical for all three strains, while the N-terminal region (a.a. 1-279) shows sequence variation. The distribution of mutations in the N-terminal region was nearly the same among the three attenuated strains, suggesting that the N-terminal sequences might be related with virus-host cell specificity. However, it was found that Lys and Val (a.a. 138 and 176, respectively), known to be responsible for attenuation, are still conserved in SA(14)-14-2(Vero). Animal testing showed that SA(14)-14-2(Vero) has an attenuation phenotype similar to that of the parent SA(14)-14-2(PDK) strain in mice. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Canc Res Inst, GeneMatrix Inc,Chongno Gu, Seoul 110799, South Korea. Cheil Jedang Corp, Ctr Res & Dev, Ichon Si 467810, Kyeonggi Do, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kim, SO (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Canc Res Inst, GeneMatrix Inc,Chongno Gu, 8F,28 Yongon Dong, Seoul 110799, South Korea. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-5179 J9 DNA SEQUENCE JI DNA Seq. PY 2001 VL 12 IS 5-6 BP 437 EP 442 DI 10.3109/10425170109084471 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 520AU UT WOS:000173758400019 PM 11913793 ER PT J AU Fort, DJ Rogers, RL Stover, EL Finch, RA AF Fort, DJ Rogers, RL Stover, EL Finch, RA TI Optimization of an exogenous metabolic activation system for FETAX. I. Post-isolation rat liver microsome mixtures SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FETAX; metabolic activation system; developmental toxicity; Xenopus ID EMBRYO TERATOGENESIS ASSAY; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; XENOPUS FETAX; VALIDATION; COUMARIN AB The developmental toxicity of cyclophosphamide, coumarin, 2-acetyl-aminofluorine (2-AAF), and trichloroethylene (TCE) was assessed with Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus (FETAX). Late Xenopus laevis blastulae were exposed to each test material for 96-h in two separate static-renewal tests with and without the presence of five differently induced exogenous metabolic activation systems (MAS). The MAS consisted of Aroclor 1254- (Aroclor 1254 MAS). isoniazid- (INH MAS), phenobarbital- (PB MAS), or beta -naphthoflavone- (beta -NF MAS), or a post-isolation mixture (mixed MAS) of INH-. PB-, and beta -NF-induced rat liver microsomes. Addition of the Aroclor 1254 MAS bioactivated cyclophosphamide, coumarin, 2-AAF, but not TCE. Addition of the PB MAS bioactivated cyclophosphamide, weakly bioactivated coumarin and 2-AAF, but had no effect on TCE developmental toxicity. C1 Ft Environm Labs Inc, Stillwater, OK USA. Stover Grp, Stillwater, OK USA. USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Frederick, MD USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Fort, DJ (reprint author), 1414 S Sangre Rd, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2001 VL 24 IS 2 BP 103 EP 115 DI 10.1081/DCT-100102604 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 455UP UT WOS:000170046400003 PM 11360429 ER PT J AU Fort, DJ Rogers, RL Paul, RR Stover, EL Finch, RA AF Fort, DJ Rogers, RL Paul, RR Stover, EL Finch, RA TI Optimization of an exogenous metabolic activation system for FETAX. II. Preliminary evaluation SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microsomes; Xenopus; FETAX; metabolic activation; bioactivation ID EMBRYO TERATOGENESIS ASSAY; INDUCED DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; XENOPUS FETAX; VALIDATION AB The developmental toxicities of five test compounds including carbon tetrachloride, urethane, phenacetin, parathion. and chloroform, were evaluated using Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay - Xenopus (FETAX), with minor modification. Post-isolation mixtures of differently induced rat liver microsomes (phenobarbital- (PB), beta -naphthoflavone(beta -NF), and isoniazid-(INH)-induced preparations) were co-cultured directly with X. laevis embryos. Results from these studies suggest that the Aroclor 1254-induced MAS could effectively be replaced by a mixed lot of PB-, beta -NF-, and INH-induced rat liver microsomes. Each of the test materials were found to be developmentally toxic when bioactivated by the mixed MAS. C1 Ft Environm Labs Inc, Stillwater, OK USA. Stover Grp, Stillwater, OK USA. USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Fort, DJ (reprint author), 1414 S Sangre Rd, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2001 VL 24 IS 2 BP 117 EP 127 DI 10.1081/DCT-100102605 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 455UP UT WOS:000170046400004 PM 11360430 ER PT J AU Clarkson, ED AF Clarkson, ED TI Fetal tissue transplantation for patients with Parkinson's disease - A database of published clinical results SO DRUGS & AGING LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; RIGHT CAUDATE-NUCLEUS; LONG-TERM SURVIVAL; DOPAMINE NEURONS; MESENCEPHALIC TISSUE; SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA; GRAFT-SURVIVAL; INTRASTRIATAL TRANSPLANTATION; NEURAL TRANSPLANTATION; VENTRAL MESENCEPHALON AB Over the past 13 years approximately 300 patients with Parkinson's disease have received transplants of human fetal dopamine cells in an attempt to reduce or control disease symptoms. Many of these patients have had improvements in their motor skills and a reduction in their daily levodopa administration. However, improvements are far from guaranteed and questions need to be answered before this technique can be widely applied. To help address some of these issues, a search of all the published results of patients with Parkinson's disease transplanted with human fetal tissue was conducted. This generated a database of 70 transplant recipients who had their levodopa administration and clinical benefit reported both prior to transplant and at least 6 months post- transplant. Furthermore, the number of years of disease onset prior to transplant was available for all recipients. This database was examined for motor improvement and reduction in levodopa dosage for up to 2 years post-transplant to determine the effects of time on transplant outcome. The database showed that most recipients had significant improvements in motor skills and levodopa administration, and that most benefits were observed in the first 6 months post-transplant. In addition, the database demonstrated that the number of years of disease onset prior to transplantation was not a predictor of patient outcome 1-year post-transplant. Current and future directions in fetal tissue transplantation research and replacements for fetal tissue are discussed. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Clarkson, ED (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 82 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 1170-229X J9 DRUG AGING JI Drugs Aging PY 2001 VL 18 IS 10 BP 773 EP 785 DI 10.2165/00002512-200118100-00006 PG 13 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 498EU UT WOS:000172497500006 PM 11735624 ER PT J AU Rice, CM Harmon, RS Boyce, AJ Fallick, AE AF Rice, CM Harmon, RS Boyce, AJ Fallick, AE TI Assessment of grid-based whole-rock delta D surveys in exploration: Boulder County epithermal tungsten deposit, Colorado SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; CENTRAL CITY; TEMPERATURES; STRONTIUM; MINERALS; SYSTEM AB Important epithermal tungsten mineralization in the Boulder County district is mainly hosted by quartz-ferberite (FeWO4) veins. Isotopic studies based on an extensive grid (deltaD) and individual samples of wall-rock alteration and mineralization (deltaD, deltaO) have demonstrated the dominance of meteoric fluids during alteration processes. However, the involvement of magmatic fluids during the deposition of the ferberite veins cannot be ruled out. The fluids responsible for alteration exchanged with the country rocks to produce a large deltaD anomaly but no concomitant delta O-18 anomaly, indicating that water/rock ratios were small. The deltaD anomaly coincides closely with those produced by H2O+ and Rb/Sz used as a proxy for hydrothermal alteration, but does not correlate closely with either lithochemical W anomalies or areas of greatest W production. It is concluded that the fluids responsible for district-wide hydrothermal alteration are distinct from those that produced the W mineralization and that ED anomalies, while a sensitive technique for highlighting areas of significant fluid-rock interact ion, must be used with caution for identifying drilling targets. The study has provided an estimate of the stable isotope composition of early Tertiary meteoric water in the Front Range (ca. deltaD = -140%, deltaO = 18.7%) C1 Univ Aberdeen, Dept Geol & Petr Geol, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. USA, Res Off, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Scottish Univ Environm Res Ctr, Glasgow G75 0QF, Lanark, Scotland. RP Rice, CM (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Dept Geol & Petr Geol, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. RI Boyce, Adrian/D-2263-2010 OI Boyce, Adrian/0000-0002-9680-0787 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI LITTLETON PA 5808 SOUTH RAPP ST, STE 209, LITTLETON, CO 80120-1942 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 96 IS 1 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.2113/96.1.133 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 412AV UT WOS:000167532600008 ER PT J AU LeDuc, JW Jahrling, PB AF LeDuc, JW Jahrling, PB TI Strengthening national preparedness for smallpox: An update SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP LeDuc, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 7 IS 1 BP 155 EP 157 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 403EG UT WOS:000167029200023 PM 11266310 ER PT S AU Ballard, JR AF Ballard, JR BE Sisti, AF Trevisani, DA TI Integration of a V & V smart munition model into OneSAF Testbed Baseline for simulation and training SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Enabling Technology for Simulation Science Conference CY APR 17-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sensor validation; OneSAF; wide area munition; modeling; simulation AB This paper describes the integration of a verified and validated (V&V) smart munition model for the Army's Hornet sublet into OneSAF Testbed Baseline for equipment performance simulation, testing, and training. This effort improves realism of current Hornet behavior in the Testbed by implementing sublet fly-out to model the effects of target type, speed, and environmental conditions on target acquisition. Also addressed are issues of maintaining a V&V of the model and at the same time reducing fidelity of the model to obtain real-time simulation of the sublet fly-out and target acquisition. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ballard, JR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4062-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4367 BP 473 EP 477 AR UNSP 4367-52 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BU10G UT WOS:000175015600048 ER PT S AU Wymer, D Washburn, R Colvert, P Cunefare, D AF Wymer, D Washburn, R Colvert, P Cunefare, D BE Sisti, AF Trevisani, DA TI Family of Systems Simulation (FOSSIM): a collaborative approach to FoS modeling and simulation SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Enabling Technology for Simulation Science Conference CY APR 17-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Theater Air and Missile Defense (TAMD); Army Family of Systems (AFoS) defense planning; plug and fight architecture; common battle manager; common launcher; advanced digital radio (ADR) wireless network communications; engage-on-remote (EOR); integrated fire control (IFC); high level architecture (HLA) AB Significant advances are being made in the application of Modeling and Simulation (M&S) technologies to support Government initiatives for Simulation Based Acquisition (SBA) and Simulation, Test and Evaluation Process (STEP) in the Army transformation. This paper describes a collaborative approach to Family of Systems (FoS) M&S in use on the FOSSIM program to evaluate critical Theater Air and Missile Defense (TAMD) integration and interoperability issues and to explore opportunities for advanced technology exploitation. This paper provides an overview of the FOSSIM concept and describes the collaborative development and utilization methodology. Key topics discussed include Systems Engineering and Design, Model Engineering and Development, Systems Analysis, and Configuration Management (CM). The paper concludes by summarizing the FOSSIM simulation environment and modeling capabilities. C1 USA, Program Execut Off Air & Missile Def, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Wymer, D (reprint author), USA, Program Execut Off Air & Missile Def, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4062-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4367 BP 519 EP 534 AR UNSP 4367-65 DI 10.1117/12.440059 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BU10G UT WOS:000175015600054 ER PT J AU Spievak, LE Wawrzynek, PA Ingraffea, AR Lewicki, DG AF Spievak, LE Wawrzynek, PA Ingraffea, AR Lewicki, DG TI Simulating fatigue crack growth in spiral bevel gears SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE boundary element analysis; fatigue crack growth; crack closure; non-proportional load; gears ID RIM THICKNESS; TOOTH ROOT; PROPAGATION; CONTACT AB The boundary element method and linear elastic fracture mechanics theories ale: used to predict three dimensional fatigue crack trajectories in a spiral bevel pinion under a moving load. It is found that the moving load produces a nonproportional load history in a gear's tooth root. An approach that accounts for fatigue crack closure effects is developed to propagate the crack front under the non-proportional load. The predictions ale compared to experimental results. The sensitivity of the predictions to variations in loading conditions and crack growth rate model parameters is explored. Critical areas that must be understood in greater detail prior to predicting mole accurate crack trajectories and crack growth rates in three dimensions are identified. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Cornell Univ, Cornell Fracture Grp, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NASA, USA, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Spievak, LE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Cornell Fracture Grp, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 27 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 68 IS 1 BP 53 EP 76 DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(00)00089-8 PG 24 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 391CJ UT WOS:000166336300005 ER PT B AU Snyder, FJ Parnell, GS AF Snyder, FJ Parnell, GS GP ASEM TI Modeling objectives on cost in a decision maker's value structure SO ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT: IT'S ABOUT PEOPLE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Conference of the American-Society-for-Engineering-Management CY OCT 11-13, 2001 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP Dept Ind & Syst Engn & Engn Management, Univ Alabama Huntsville AB This paper considers whether or not the objective of minimizing cost should be included as part of the fundamental objective hierarchy when modeling a decision maker's value structure. Specifically, it examines two approaches to representing cost (financial resources) in a value structure. In the first, minimizing cost is treated as a fundamental objective that should be included in the value structure. In the second, minimizing cost is treated as an attribute of an alternative that is separate from the value structure. This paper explores and reports findings of interest in modeling the objective of minimizing cost. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING MANAGEMT PI ROLLA PA 310 HARRIS HALL, UMR, ROLLA, MO 65401 USA PY 2001 BP 467 EP 472 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA BY37U UT WOS:000189131500072 ER PT B AU Stokes, BJ Parnell, GC Burk, RC AF Stokes, BJ Parnell, GC Burk, RC GP ASEM TI Portfolio analysis using multiple objective decision analysis and mathematical programming SO ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT: IT'S ABOUT PEOPLE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Conference of the American-Society-for-Engineering-Management CY OCT 11-13, 2001 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP Dept Ind & Syst Engn & Engn Management, Univ Alabama Huntsville AB Portfolio decisions can be found in our personal life and at every management level of the public and private sectors. When the decisions become difficult because of their complexity or because the stakes are high, there are techniques to help decision-makers understand the decision opportunity and make confident decisions. This paper addresses the nature of portfolio decisions and provides techniques for modeling them as mathematical programs. Given an objective function (value model) which accurately captures the decision-makers' preferences and constraints, mathematical programming models can be used to determine the optimal portfolio. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING MANAGEMT PI ROLLA PA 310 HARRIS HALL, UMR, ROLLA, MO 65401 USA PY 2001 BP 473 EP 480 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA BY37U UT WOS:000189131500073 ER PT J AU Toussaint, MW Rosencrance, AB Brennan, LM Beaman, JR Wolfe, MJ Hoffmann, FJ Gardner, HS AF Toussaint, MW Rosencrance, AB Brennan, LM Beaman, JR Wolfe, MJ Hoffmann, FJ Gardner, HS TI Chronic toxicity of chloroform to Japanese medaka fish SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE aquatic toxicology; 5-bromo-2 '-deoxyuridine; carcinogenicity; cell proliferation; chloroform; fish; hematology; histopathology; medaka ID CANCER-RISK ASSESSMENT; CELL-PROLIFERATION; ORYZIAS-LATIPES; AQUARIUM FISH; F344 RATS; CARCINOGENICITY TESTS; DOSE-RESPONSE; LIVER; EXPOSURE; MICE AB Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were continually exposed in a flow-through diluter system for 9 months to measured chloroform concentrations of 0.017, 0.151, or 1.463 mg/L. Parameters evaluated were hepatocarcinogenicity, hepatocellular proliferation, hematology, and intrahepatic chloroform concentration. Histopathology was evaluated at 6 and 9 months. Chloroform was not hepatocarcinogenic to the medaka at the concentrations tested. Chronic toxicity was evidenced at these time points by statistically significant (alpha = 0.05) levels of gallbladder lesions and bile duct abnormalities in medaka treated with 1.463 mg/L chloroform. We assessed hepatocellular proliferation by exposing test fish to 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine in the aquarium water for 72 hr after 4 and 20 days of chloroform exposure; we then quantified area-labeling indices of the livers using computer-assisted image analysis. We observed no treatment-related increases in cellular proliferation. We analyzed cells in circulating blood in medaka after 6 months of chloroform exposure. Hematocrit, leukocrit, cell viability, and cell counts of treated fish were not significantly different from those of control fish. Using gas chromatography (GC), we evaluated intrahepatic concentrations of chloroform in fish after 9 months of exposure. Livers from the 0.151 and 1.463 mg/L chloroform-treated fish had detectable amounts of chloroform, but these levels were always lower than the aquaria concentrations of chloroform. Thus, it appeared that chloroform did not bioaccumulate in the liver. Unidentified presumptive metabolite peaks were found in the GC tracings of these fish livers. C1 USACEHR, Geo Ctr Inc, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD USA. Expt Pathol Lab, Herndon, VA USA. RP Toussaint, MW (reprint author), USACEHR, Geo Ctr Inc, 568 Doughten Dr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM Margaret.Toussaint@amedd.army.mil FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y1-ES-8051-02, Y1-ES-7096-02] NR 43 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 109 IS 1 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.2307/3434918 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 392BU UT WOS:000166391400021 PM 11171522 ER PT J AU Ruiz, CE Aziz, NM Schroeder, PR AF Ruiz, CE Aziz, NM Schroeder, PR TI RECOVERY: A contaminated sediment-water interaction model SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE contaminated sediments; modeling; natural attenuation; RECOVERY; sediment quality; water quality AB This paper describes the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers screening-level water quality model (RECOVERY version 3.0) for assessing long-term impacts of contaminated bottom sediments on surface waters. The model couples contaminant interaction between the water column and the bottom sediment, as well as between contaminated and clean bottom sediments. The analysis is intended primarily for organic contaminants with the assumption that the overlying water column is well mixed vertically. The contaminant is assumed to follow linear, reversible, equilibrium sorption and first-order decay kinetics. The system is physically represented as a well-mixed water column (i.e., zero-dimensional) underlain by a vertically-stratified sediment column (i.e., one-dimensional). The sediment is well-mixed horizontally but segmented vertically into a well-mixed surface (active) layer and deep sediment. The deep sediment is segmented into variably contaminated and clean sediment regions. Processes incorporated in the model are sorption, decay, volatilization, burial, resuspension, settling, bioturbation, and pore-water diffusion. The solution couples contaminant mass balance in the water column and in the mixed sediment layer along with diffusion in the deep sediment layers. The model was verified against laboratory and field data, as well as against an analytical solution for the water and mixed sediment layers. These comparisons indicate that the model can be used as an assessment tool for evaluating remediation alternatives for contaminated bottom sediments. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, CEERDEPW, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Schroeder, PR (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, CEERDEPW, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PY 2001 VL 6 IS 3 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1023/A:1011913512327 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 490BH UT WOS:000172030000001 ER PT J AU Roper, JM Simmers, JW Cherry, DS AF Roper, JM Simmers, JW Cherry, DS TI Bioaccumulation of butyltins in Dreissena polymorpha at a confined placement facility in Buffalo, New York SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE bioaccumulation; butyltins; Dreissena polymorpha; sediment; Times Beach CPF ID ZEBRA MUSSEL; COASTAL WATERS; TIMES-BEACH; LAKE-ERIE; TRIBUTYLTIN; CONTAMINATION; ORGANOTINS; SEDIMENT; BACTERIA; PAHS AB This study involves a site characterization followed by biomonitoring with the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, at the Times Beach confined placement facility (CPF), located in Buffalo, NY. The contaminant of interest was tributyltin (TBT) and the degradation products dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT). At study initiation (Day 0) TBT levels in the baseline mussels were 5.86+/-0.43 ng Sn/g, DBT levels were 2.25+/-0.37 ng Sn/g. No MBT was detected in the Day 0 baseline samples. Caged reference mussels placed back in the Black Rock Channel Lock and retrieved on Days 19 and 34 had TBT, DBT, and MBT levels which did not differ significantly from the Day 0 baseline levels. Mussels placed at the Times Beach CPF had TBT concentrations that were significantly lower at both Days 19 (3.65+/-0.90 ng Sn/g) and 34 (3.50+/-1.03 ng Sn/g) than the Day 0 baseline analysis (5.86+/-0.43 ng Sn/g). The results of this study indicate that butyltins were detected at the CPF site in the sediment (7.33+/-5.70 ng Sn/g) but not the water column (not detected at 0.01 mug/l). In this study the zebra mussel was able to depurate TBT even in the presence of contaminated sediment. TBT may be bioaccumulated from the sediments. However, the initial levels in the mussels were so high, levels actually dropped as sediment-tissue equilibria levels were reached by the mussels. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 AScI Corp, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Roper, JM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, 302 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2001 VL 111 IS 3 BP 447 EP 452 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00086-5 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 371YB UT WOS:000165205900011 PM 11202749 ER PT J AU Kraemer, WJ Loebel, CC Volek, JS Ratamess, NA Newton, RU Wickham, RB Gotshalk, LA Duncan, ND Mazzetti, SA Gomez, AL Rubin, MR Nindl, BC Hakkinen, K AF Kraemer, WJ Loebel, CC Volek, JS Ratamess, NA Newton, RU Wickham, RB Gotshalk, LA Duncan, ND Mazzetti, SA Gomez, AL Rubin, MR Nindl, BC Hakkinen, K TI The effect of heavy resistance exercise on the circadian rhythm of salivary testosterone in men SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE androgens; chronobiology; testis; weight training ID ACUTE HORMONAL RESPONSES; GROWTH-FACTOR RESPONSES; PLASMA TESTOSTERONE; SERUM TESTOSTERONE; CORTISOL; PROTOCOLS; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; MALES AB Circadian rhythms of serum testosterone concentrations in men have been shown, in general, to be highest in the morning and lowest in the evening. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of acute resistance exercise upon the waking circadian rhythm of salivary testosterone over 2 days (with or without resistance exercise). The subjects included ten resistance-trained men (with at least 1 year of lifting experience) with the following characteristics [mean (SD)]: age 21.6 (1.1) years; height 177.8 (9.5) cm; body mass 80.5 (11.5) kg; percent body fat 7.9 (1.7)%. A matched, randomized, crossover study design was used such that each subject was tested under both the resistance exercise and control (no exercise) conditions. The resistance exercise protocol consisted of ten exercises performed for three sets of ten repetitions maximum with 2 min of rest between sets. Saliva sample 1 was collected at 0615 hours and resistance exercise began immediately afterwards at approximately 0620 hours, and sample 2 was collected at 0700 hours, which corresponded approximately to a mid-exercise (or control) time point. Saliva samples were then obtained every hour on the hour from 0800 hours until 2200 hours. No significant differences were observed between the exercise and resting conditions for salivary testosterone, with the exception of a significant decrease at 0700 hours during the resistance exercise protocol. The results of this investigation indicate that resistance exercise does not affect the circadian pattern of salivary testosterone secretion over a 16-h waking period in resistance-trained men. C1 Ball State Univ, Human Performance Lab, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Occupat Physiol Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol Phys Activ, Neuromuscular Res Ctr, SF-40100 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Univ Melbourne, Dept Physiol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Penn State Univ, Ctr Sports Med, Lab Sports Med, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Kraemer, WJ (reprint author), Ball State Univ, Human Performance Lab, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. RI Newton, Robert/A-3466-2009 OI Newton, Robert/0000-0003-0302-6129 NR 35 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1439-6319 J9 EUR J APPL PHYSIOL JI Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s004210000322 PG 6 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 405WV UT WOS:000167184300003 PM 11394242 ER PT J AU Castellani, JW Armstrong, LE Kenefick, RW Pasqualicchio, AA Riebe, D Gabaree, CLV Maresh, CM AF Castellani, JW Armstrong, LE Kenefick, RW Pasqualicchio, AA Riebe, D Gabaree, CLV Maresh, CM TI Cortisol and testosterone concentrations in wheelchair athletes during submaximal wheelchair ergometry SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE core temperature; glucose; norepinephrine; spinal cord injury; upper body exercise ID SPINAL-CORD INJURIES; PLASMA TESTOSTERONE; ARM EXERCISE; RESPONSES; MEN; TEMPERATURE AB It is vet unknown how upper body exercise combined with high ambient temperatures affects plasma testosterone and cortisol concentrations and furthermore, how these hormones respond to exercise in people suffering spinal cord injuries. The purpose of this study was to characterize plasma testosterone and cortisol responses to upper body exercise in wheelchair athletes (WA) compared to able-bodied individuals (AB) at two ambient temperatures. Four WA [mean age 36 (SEM 13) years, mean body mass 66.9 (SEM 11.8) kg, injury level T-7-T-11], matched with five AB [[mean age 33.4 (SEM 8.9)years, mean body mass 72.5 (SEM 13.1) kg] exercised (cross-over design) for 20 min on a wheelchair ergometer (0.03 kg resistance . kg(-1) body mass) at 25 degreesC and 32 degreesC. Blood samples were obtained before (PRE), at min 10 (MID), and min 20. (END) of exercise. No differences were found between results obtained at 25 degreesC and 32 degreesC for any physiological variable studied and therefore these data were combined. Pre-exercise testosterone concentration was lower (P < 0.05) in WA [18.3 (SEM 0.9) nmol . l(-1)] compared to AB [21.9 (SEM 3.6) nmol . l(-1)], and increased PRE to END only in WA. Cortisol concentrations were similar between groups before and during exercise, despite higher rectal temperatures in WA compared to AB, at MID [37.21(SEM 0.14) and 37.02 (SEM 0.08)C, respectively] and END [37.36 (SEM 0.16) and 37.19 (SEM 0.10)degreesC, respectively]. Plasma norepinephrine responses we:re similar between groups. In conclusion, there were no differences in plasma cortisol concentrations, which major have been due to the low relative exercise intensities employed. The greater exercise response in WA for plasma testosterone should be confirmed on a larger population. It could have been the result of the lower plasma testosterone concentrations at rest in our group. C1 USA, Inst Environm Med, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Connecticut, Human Performance Lab, Dept Kinesiol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Human Performance Lab, Dept Physiol & Neurobiol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Castellani, JW (reprint author), USA, Inst Environm Med, 42 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1439-6319 J9 EUR J APPL PHYSIOL JI Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 42 EP 47 DI 10.1007/s004210000327 PG 6 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 405WV UT WOS:000167184300007 PM 11394252 ER PT J AU Li, T Carrano, JC Eiting, CJ Grudowski, PA Lambert, DJH Kwon, HK Dupuis, RD Campbell, JC AF Li, T Carrano, JC Eiting, CJ Grudowski, PA Lambert, DJH Kwon, HK Dupuis, RD Campbell, JC TI Design of a resonant-cavity-enhanced p-i-n GaN/AlxGa1-xN photodetector SO FIBER AND INTEGRATED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE ultraviolet photodetector; resonant cavity; III-V nitrides; Bragg reflector; interface roughness ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; EPITAXIAL LAYERS; GAN; FILMS AB A resonant-cavity-enhanced p-i-n photodetector has been designed and analyzed to operate at a wavelength of 360 nm based on the AlxGa1-xN material system. The novel approach has been adopted of using epitaxial AlN/AlxGa1-xN quarter-wave stacks as the distributed Bragg reflector that serves as the front mirror. An AlxGa1-xN absorptive filter layer is incorporated in suppress all but one resonant mode to ensure single, narrow-band operation. This device structure is projected to achieve wavelength selective, high speed, and high quantum efficiency operation in the ultraviolet. MOCVD-grown 6 1/2-pair AlN/AlxGa1-xN Bragg reflectors with peak reflectivities of similar to 57% have been demonstrated The spectral reflectivity data are found to be in agreement with results of S-matrix simulations with scattering due to interface roughness taken into account. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Microelect Res, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Campbell, JC (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Microelect Res, UT-PRC-MER R9950, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0146-8030 J9 FIBER INTEGRATED OPT JI Fiber Integrated Opt. PY 2001 VL 20 IS 2 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1080/01468030151076026 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 414UN UT WOS:000167684700002 ER PT J AU Snyder, AP Tripathi, A Maswadeh, WM Ho, J Spence, M AF Snyder, AP Tripathi, A Maswadeh, WM Ho, J Spence, M TI Field detection and identification of a bioaerosol suite by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pyrolysis-gas chromatography-ion mobility; spectrometry (Py-GC-IMS); Erwinia herbicola (EH); Bacillus subtilis var. globigii (BG); analyte-containing particles per liter of air (ACPLA) ID BIOLOGICAL AEROSOLS; AIRBORNE BIOSENSOR; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AGENT-DETECTION; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; FLUORESCENCE; SYSTEM; BIOMARKER; MATRICES; BACTERIA AB Improvements were made to a pyrolysis-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (Py-GC-IMS) stand-alone biodetector to provide more pyrolyzate compound information to the IMS detector module. Air carrier gas flowing continuously through the pyrolysis tube, the rate of air flow, and pyrolysis rate were found to improve the relative quality and quantity of pyrolyzate compounds detected by the IMS detector compared to earlier work. These improvements allowed a greater degree of confidence in the correlation of biological aerosols obtained in outdoor testing scenarios to a standard GC-IMS biological aerosol dataset. The airflow improvement allowed more biomarker compounds to be observed in the GC-IMS data domain for aerosols of gram-negative Erwinia herbicola (EH) and ovalbumin protein as compared to previous studies. Minimal differences were observed for gram-positive spores of Bacillus subtilis var. globigii (BG) from that of earlier work. Prior outdoor aerosol challenges dealt with the detection of one organism, either EH or BG. Biological aerosols were disseminated in a Western Canadian prairie and the Py-GC-IMS was tested for its ability to detect the biological aerosols. The current series of outdoor trials consisted of three different biological aerosol challenges. Forty-two trials were conducted and a simple area calculation of the GC-IMS data domain biomarker peaks correlated with the correct bioaerosol challenge in 30 trials (71%). In another 7 trials, the status of an aerosol was determined to be bio. logical in origin. Two additional trials had no discernible, unambiguous GC-IMS biological response, because they were blank water sprays. Reproducible limits of detection were at a concentration of less than 0.5 bacterial analyte-containing particle per liter of air. In order to realize this low concentration, an aerosol concentrator was used to concentrate 2000 1 of air in 2.2 min. Previous outdoor aerosol trials have shown the Py-GC-IMS device to be a credible detector with respect to determining the presence of a biological aerosol. The current series of outdoor trials has provided a platform to show that the Py-GC-IMS can provide information more specific than a biological or non-biological analysis to an aerosol when the time of dissemination is unknown to the operator. The Py-GC-IMS is shown to be able to discriminate between aerosols of a gram-positive spore (BG), a gram-negative bacterium (EH), and a protein (ovalbumin). (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Def Res Estab Suffield, CFB Suffield, Ralston, AB T0J 2N0, Canada. RP Snyder, AP (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 33 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 2001 VL 5 IS 4 BP 190 EP 204 DI 10.1002/fact.1021 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 476GQ UT WOS:000171218200005 ER PT J AU Hewitt, AD Jenkins, TF Ranney, TA AF Hewitt, AD Jenkins, TF Ranney, TA TI On-site gas chromatographic determination of explosives in soils SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE explosives; soil; gas chromatography; thermionic ionization detection; on-site analysis AB On-site determination of nitroaromatic and nitramine residues in soils was performed using a field-portable gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a thermionic ionization detector selective for compounds with nitro functional groups. Soil samples were extracted with acetone. A 1-mul volume of the filtered extract was manually injected into the GC, allowing for the rapid determination of the suite of explosives that often coexist in explosives-contaminated soils at military training facilities and other defense-related sites. Good agreement was established for the concentrations of several explosives when results obtained using this method of analysis were compared with those from either high-performance liquid chromatography (Method 8330) or GC electron capture (Method 8095) analysis. Comparisons were performed for sample extracts and for soil subsample replicates distributed for on-site analysis during a field verification test performed under the auspices of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Technology Verification Program. This on-site GC method for the determination of explosives residues in soils is well suited for dynamic site characterization activities. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Sci & Technol Corp, Hanover, NH USA. RP Hewitt, AD (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 2001 VL 5 IS 5 BP 228 EP 238 DI 10.1002/fact.10002 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 496YH UT WOS:000172425600004 ER PT B AU Vidal, E Measure, EM AF Vidal, E Measure, EM GP AMS AMS TI Integrating meteorological instruments using Java and computer networking SO FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM USA. RP Vidal, E (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 90 EP 94 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU98Z UT WOS:000177564500023 ER PT B AU Vaucher, GT Elliott, S Creagan, E Gutierrez, A Yarbrough, J Brown, R Quintis, D AF Vaucher, GT Elliott, S Creagan, E Gutierrez, A Yarbrough, J Brown, R Quintis, D GP AMS AMS TI A meteorological sensor data integration technique (Part II) SO FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc AB Atmospheric data measurements include both volumetric and point source information. In Part I (presented last year), a case study was given that clearly demonstrated the hazards of combining these diverse sampling methods into a single, local profile. Non-homogeneous, desert monsoon atmospheric conditions characterized the initial case presented. In Part II, we applied the lessons learned from this initial research to the Army Research Laboratory's High Mobility Multi-Wheeled Vehicle[HMMWV]-Integrated "Profiler" System data fusion effort. The specific sensors included in the Profiler System data integration consisted of a Wind Profiling Radar, a polar orbiting Meteorological Satellite data receiver, and a surface sensor. Rawinsonde measurements supplemented the primary suite of instruments. A case study in which atmosphere conditions were more well-mixed than the initial study demonstrates the results of the volume-point source data integration research. Recommendations for future investigation conclude this paper. C1 USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. RP Vaucher, GT (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 199 EP 201 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU98Z UT WOS:000177564500050 ER PT B AU Cogan, J Measure, E Vidal, E AF Cogan, J Measure, E Vidal, E GP AMS AMS TI Concept for a near-portable integrated meteorological system for mesoscale analysis and prediction SO FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION SCHEME; SATELLITE; TESTS C1 USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. RP Cogan, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 242 EP 246 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU98Z UT WOS:000177564500059 ER PT J AU Pew, KL Larsen, CPS AF Pew, KL Larsen, CPS TI GIS analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of human-caused wildfires in the temperate rain forest of Vancouver Island, Canada SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fire; geographic information systems; management zones; temperate rainforest ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; FIRE OCCURRENCE; MOUNTAINS; HISTORY AB This study examines the spatial and temporal pattern of human-caused wildfires (HCWs) in the temperate rainforest of Vancouver Island (VI). A Geographic Information System was used to locate HCWs that occurred on VI from 1950 through 1992, to divide VI into 1 km x 1 km grid cells, and to determine for each grid cell the climate and distances to various human-built infrastructures. Logistic regression was used to build a predictive model of the probability of HCW occurrence in each of the grid cells, using climate and distances as predictor variables. A total of 6329 wildfires occurred on VI over the 43 years study period, and 2747 of the grid cells contained at least one fire. The probability of a grid cell burning was positively correlated with summer temperature, and negatively correlated with precipitation and distances to municipalities, campgrounds, dirt roads, railroads and paved roads. Grid cells were grouped into five classes of HCW probability: <20, 20-39, 40-59, 60-79, >80%. The lower the probability of HCW occurrence, the lower the number of fires per km(2) per year, the longer the fire cycle in years, and the larger the mean fire size. The unexpected larger mean fire size in areas with low HCW probability is due to logging fires being the most common type there, and logging fires being significantly larger than other types on all portions of VI. Where the HCW probability was highest, recreation and miscellaneous fires were most common, and these types of fires tended to be significantly smaller. The annual number and annual area burned by HCWs on VI has been decreasing. These decreases have occurred primarily in the areas that have a high HCW probability, while increases have occurred where the HCW probability is low. These results indicate that HCWs are a significant part of the temperate rainforest ecosystem and that the spatial variation in their occurrence could be used to delimit fire management zones. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Natl Ctr Geog Informat & Anal, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. US Mil Acad, DHPW, Nat Resources Branch, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Larsen, CPS (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Natl Ctr Geog Informat & Anal, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. EM larsen@geog.buffalo.edu NR 41 TC 65 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 140 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00271-1 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 391CG UT WOS:000166336100001 ER PT J AU Ayyagari, V Januszkiewicz, A Nath, J AF Ayyagari, V Januszkiewicz, A Nath, J TI Pro-inflammatory responses of normal human bronchial epithelial cells upon acute high-dose exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide: An invitro study SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resp Res, Div MCR, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2001 VL 31 SU 1 MA 354 BP S117 EP S117 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 491EZ UT WOS:000172096200371 ER PT J AU Gorbunov, NV Elsayed, NM AF Gorbunov, NV Elsayed, NM TI Ex-vivo EPR detection of nitric oxide in rat brain following multiple blast overpressure exposures. SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2001 VL 31 SU 1 MA 201 BP S69 EP S69 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 491EZ UT WOS:000172096200218 ER PT B AU Weerasooriya, T Magness, L Burkins, M AF Weerasooriya, T Magness, L Burkins, M BE Staudhammer, KP Murr, LE Meyers, MA TI High strain-rate behavior of two Ti-6Al-4V alloys with different microstructures SO FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS OF SHOCK-WAVE AND HIGH-STRAIN-RATE PHENOMENA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fundamental Issues and Applications of Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena (EXPLOMET 2000) CY 2000 CL LOS ALMOS NATL LAB, ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Univ Texas El Paso, Univ Calif San Diego, USA Off Res HO LOS ALMOS NATL LAB AB High strain-rate behaviors of two Ti-6Al-4V alloys, processed to develop different microstructures, were studied in ballistic impact experiments and in high rate compression tests. Plate stock of the first alloy was rolled to thickness at a temperature above the beta-transus temperature, resulting in an acicular alpha+beta microstructure with the prior beta grain boundaries. The second alloy was rolled below the beta-transus temperature, resulting in a microstructure of primary alpha and acicular alpha+beta. In high-rate split Hopkinson bar (SHB) compression tests, both alloys failed by shear localization. The alloy processed below the beta-transus temperature was more susceptible to an early shear failure in the SHB tests, with a lower average strain-to-failure value than the alloy processed above the beta-transus temperature. Ballistic tests were conducted with 30mm APDS projectiles, fired against the plates at an angle of 60 degrees obliquity. The alloy with higher average failure strain in the SHB tests also proved to be more resistant to shear plugging failures in the ballistic tests, and offered the greater armor protection. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that an armor material's propensity for localized shear failure degrades its performance. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Weerasooriya, T (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043896-2 PY 2001 BP 33 EP 36 DI 10.1016/B978-008043896-2/50096-6 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BS53B UT WOS:000170232600005 ER PT B AU Dandekar, DP Bartkowski, PT AF Dandekar, DP Bartkowski, PT BE Staudhammer, KP Murr, LE Meyers, MA TI Spall strengths of silicon carbides under shock loading SO FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS OF SHOCK-WAVE AND HIGH-STRAIN-RATE PHENOMENA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fundamental Issues and Applications of Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena (EXPLOMET 2000) CY 2000 CL LOS ALMOS NATL LAB, ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Univ Texas El Paso, Univ Calif San Diego, USA Off Res HO LOS ALMOS NATL LAB ID WAVE AB The present work summarizes analysis of shock wave experiments performed to determine spall strengths of five different polycrystalline silicon carbides produced in the USA and France. The spall strengths of silicon carbides initially increase with an increase in the magnitude of impact stress before beginning to decline upon a further increase in the impact stress. This trend is independent of the two manufacturing processes, namely sintering and hot - pressing, employed to produce silicon carbide materials. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Dandekar, DP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043896-2 PY 2001 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1016/B978-008043896-2/50102-9 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BS53B UT WOS:000170232600011 ER PT B AU Kecskes, LJ AF Kecskes, LJ BE Staudhammer, KP Murr, LE Meyers, MA TI Processing effects on the high-strain-rate response of hot-explosively-consolidated W-Ti alloys SO FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS OF SHOCK-WAVE AND HIGH-STRAIN-RATE PHENOMENA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fundamental Issues and Applications of Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena (EXPLOMET 2000) CY 2000 CL LOS ALMOS NATL LAB, ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Univ Texas El Paso, Univ Calif San Diego, USA Off Res HO LOS ALMOS NATL LAB AB Full-density, two-phase W-Ti alloy billets have been fabricated by a hot-explosive-compaction (HEC) technique. As part of the characterization effort, the high-strain-rate compressive behavior of these alloys was investigated. Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests of cylindrical samples taken from four differently processed alloy billets demonstrated the propensity of this type of material to fail via shear localization at high strain rates. The effects of the W:Ti ratio, post-HEC annealing treatment, and altered W and Ti precursor morphology were compared to the shear behavior of the untreated alloy. The localization susceptibility was found to increase with increasing Ti content and alloy strength, but was unaffected by density variations or microstructural coarsening in the matrix. When the volume fraction of the matrix phase was significantly reduced, deformation was more stable, with shearing becoming less localized. The experiments and the structural characteristics of the resultant localized regions are discussed. C1 US Army Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Kecskes, LJ (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RI Kecskes, Laszlo/F-6880-2014 OI Kecskes, Laszlo/0000-0002-1342-3729 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043896-2 PY 2001 BP 259 EP 265 DI 10.1016/B978-008043896-2/50125-X PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BS53B UT WOS:000170232600034 ER PT B AU Grace, FI AF Grace, FI BE Staudhammer, KP Murr, LE Meyers, MA TI Energy deposition during rod penetration in multiple-layered targets of steel and titanium SO FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS OF SHOCK-WAVE AND HIGH-STRAIN-RATE PHENOMENA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fundamental Issues and Applications of Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena (EXPLOMET 2000) CY 2000 CL LOS ALMOS NATL LAB, ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Univ Texas El Paso, Univ Calif San Diego, USA Off Res HO LOS ALMOS NATL LAB ID FINITE THICKNESS; LONG RODS; IMPACT AB This paper addresses energy relationships during penetration and perforation of single and multiple-layered plate targets impacted by high-density, long-rod projectiles at velocities of 1,500 to 2,000 m/s. Target materials included both steel and titanium alloy. Experimental results and analysis are presented for behind-the-target parameters such as residual rod length and velocity. The complications of multiple-layered targets are addressed and an analysis of energy deposition in these targets is presented. Results indicate that the rod's initial kinetic energy is distributed between kinetic energy of the residual rod, target plug, and rod erosion products, and work related to deformation of target and rod during the penetration process. C1 USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043896-2 PY 2001 BP 353 EP 360 DI 10.1016/B978-008043896-2/50137-6 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BS53B UT WOS:000170232600046 ER PT B AU Grace, FI AF Grace, FI BE Staudhammer, KP Murr, LE Meyers, MA TI Interface defeat of impacting rods against ceramic targets SO FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS OF SHOCK-WAVE AND HIGH-STRAIN-RATE PHENOMENA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fundamental Issues and Applications of Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena (EXPLOMET 2000) CY 2000 CL LOS ALMOS NATL LAB, ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Univ Texas El Paso, Univ Calif San Diego, USA Off Res HO LOS ALMOS NATL LAB ID SHOCK AB At impact velocity as high as 1,600 m/s, it is possible to prevent or delay penetration of long rods using suitably confined ceramic targets having a configured interface. This phenomenon, initially investigated by Hauver and colleagues, has been referred to as "interface defeat." Accordingly, during impact, the rod front spreads laterally on the ceramic surface while the rod tail continues in motion. The process is such that the rod appears to "dwell" on the ceramic surface. Hauver reported that ceramic material often was recovered intact, but areas of damage were seen within the material. Such damage might be expected to occur since the impacts produce initial shocks of 50 GPa and longer-term pressure loading as high as 22 GPa. This paper addresses interface defeat to include effects of shock waves generated upon impact, longer-term loading due to rod flow against the ceramic, states of stress within the ceramic, and damage to the ceramic material. Load distributions examined included uniform and Hertzian-like, and a presently derived dynamic load distribution for impact loading. Resulting stress analyses correlated well with sizes and location of observed damaged regions. Analyses are shown for tungsten alloy rods impacting targets containing ceramics materials of SiC and TiB2.. C1 USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043896-2 PY 2001 BP 421 EP 428 DI 10.1016/B978-008043896-2/50146-7 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BS53B UT WOS:000170232600055 ER PT B AU LaSalvia, JC Horwath, EJ Rapacki, EJ Shih, CJ Meyers, MA AF LaSalvia, JC Horwath, EJ Rapacki, EJ Shih, CJ Meyers, MA BE Staudhammer, KP Murr, LE Meyers, MA TI Microstructural and micromechanical aspects of ceramic/long-rod projectile interactions: dwell/penetration transitions SO FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS OF SHOCK-WAVE AND HIGH-STRAIN-RATE PHENOMENA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fundamental Issues and Applications of Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena (EXPLOMET 2000) CY 2000 CL LOS ALMOS NATL LAB, ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Univ Texas El Paso, Univ Calif San Diego, USA Off Res HO LOS ALMOS NATL LAB ID BRITTLE-DUCTILE TRANSITION; INTERFACE DEFEAT; FAILURE; PENETRATION; TARGETS; COMPRESSION; IMPACT; STRENGTH; SOLIDS AB The transition from dwell to penetration by long-rod projectiles is strongly dependent upon the inelastic response of both the projectile and target materials to the stresses generated. For thick ceramic targets, the possibility for either a brittle or ductile response locally, naturally leads to both lower and upper bounds in the impact velocity for the dwell/penetration transition. The existence of these bounds was recently investigated by Lundberg and co-workers. Both bounds are governed by the inelastic region formed beneath the projectile and its extension to and/or from the free surface. The formation of the inelastic regions for the upper and lower bounds are dominated by the cumulative effects of crystal plasticity and microcracking, respectively. Evidence for the latter was obtained through detailed observations within the comminuted region of several different ceramics recovered from dwell experiments conducted by Hauver and co-workers. The dominant damage mechanism within the comminuted region appeared to be the extension of wing-cracks along grain boundaries. A wing-crack model for compressive failure of brittle materials, developed by Horii and Nemat-Nasser, enables predictions for wing-crack initiation (brittle response) and/or suppression (ductile response) depending upon the ratio of the confining stress to the applied stress sigma (2)/sigma (1), the coefficient of friction ti, and a ductility parameter A defined as K(IC)/tau (Y)root pic, where K(IC) is the mode I fracture toughness (short-crack), tau (Y) is the shear strength of the ceramic, and 2c is the length of the pre-existing flaw. This model, when coupled with Hertz's contact theory, provides the basis for a rational explanation for the differences in the appearance of comminuted regions in different ceramics. It also provides the basis for the derivation of an expression for the dwell/penetration transition velocity that includes the effect of mechanical properties and inference to the effect of microstructure. C1 US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP LaSalvia, JC (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043896-2 PY 2001 BP 437 EP 446 DI 10.1016/B978-008043896-2/50148-0 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BS53B UT WOS:000170232600057 ER PT B AU Wright, TW AF Wright, TW BE Staudhammer, KP Murr, LE Meyers, MA TI Adiabatic shear bands: modeling and scaling laws SO FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS OF SHOCK-WAVE AND HIGH-STRAIN-RATE PHENOMENA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fundamental Issues and Applications of Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena (EXPLOMET 2000) CY 2000 CL LOS ALMOS NATL LAB, ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Univ Texas El Paso, Univ Calif San Diego, USA Off Res HO LOS ALMOS NATL LAB ID STORED ENERGY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DEFORMATION; SOLIDS; HEAT; WORK AB Damage from adiabatic shear banding is an important, but not completely understood, phenomenon that tends to appear in strong materials when subjected to rapid plastic deformation. It may be helpful or harmful, depending on the application, but to be used or controlled, the phenomenon must be described by physical models and established in a fully quantitative way that is consistent with dynamic testing. At the same time modeling must keep in touch with microscopic observations, even though it is not practical to be fully faithful to all the detail available. This paper discusses the most frequently used model for adiabatic shear and its relationship to finite deformation plasticity. Then, through examples, it will be shown how scaling laws that describe major aspects of adiabatic shear have been obtained from simplified, but representative, mathematical problems. It is to be hoped that eventually, through a process akin to that described here, a fully developed mechanics of shear will emerge, just as has happened for fracture mechanics. C1 US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Wright, TW (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043896-2 PY 2001 BP 457 EP 466 DI 10.1016/B978-008043896-2/50150-9 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BS53B UT WOS:000170232600059 ER PT S AU Kestler, MA Hanek, GL Truebe, MA AF Kestler, MA Hanek, GL Truebe, MA GP TRB TI Evaluating moisture sensors and monitoring seasonal moisture variation in low-volume roads SO GEOLOGY AND PROPERTIES OF EARTH MATERIALS 2001: SOILS, GEOLOGY, AND FOUNDATIONS SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 80th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB For the past several years, the Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture has been evaluating a quantitative technique for the application and removal of load restrictions by observing relationships among pavement stiffness, pavement damage, soil moisture, and seasonal freezing and thawing. Laboratory tests of time-domain reflectometry (TDR) and radio frequency (RF) sensors showed them to be reasonably accurate and repeatable when compared with known moisture values in several soil types. Laboratory tests of the probes under repeated adverse freeze-thaw cycling showed the probes to be durable. Although the field survival rate of TDRs surpassed that of RFs, analysis of field data collected at seven locations in four national forests showed that permanently installed sensors strategically located on a forest road network can provide an affordable method for quantitatively determining the beginning and end of critical periods of pavement weakening associated with spring thaw. This information would be useful in administering periods of spring-thaw load restrictions. The laboratory and field test programs conducted are outlined. The field technique is applicable to any secondary road subjected to seasonal freezing. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Umpqua Natl Forest, Roseburg, OR 97470 USA. Willamette Natl Forest, Eugene, OR 97440 USA. RP Kestler, MA (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv WMNF, 719 N Main St, Laconia, NH 03246 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07216-6 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2001 IS 1755 BP 97 EP 107 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Geology; Transportation GA BU63G UT WOS:000176560100011 ER PT B AU Stone, PR Hoke, B Landry, P Cowan, KJ AF Stone, PR Hoke, B Landry, P Cowan, KJ BE Beck, BF Herring, JG TI In situ chemical oxidation process and karst aquifers SO GEOTECHNICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF KARST GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karsts CY APR 01-04, 2001 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP GeoInst Amer Soc Civil Engineers, PELA, Natl Ground Water Assoc AB A pilot study to evaluate an innovative in situ treatment technology was implemented at Letterkenny Army Depot, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, for a limestone bedrock aquifer contaminated with chlorinated solvents. This technology destroys VOCs in groundwater, utilizing a network of injection points to deliver a solution of hydrogen peroxide (50%), catalysts, and surfactants. The chemical reaction generated by this solution creates a hydroxyl radical, which is extremely effective in oxidizing complex organic compounds. The organic hydrocarbon contamination is rapidly oxidized by the hydroxyl radical to carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water. This pilot study was the first to evaluate this technology in a high-flow karstic limestone aquifer, Extensive geophysical logging, packer testing, and discrete sampling were conducted to evaluate the fracturing and hydraulic properties of the bedrock for the injection design. Extensive on-site and downgradient monitoring was conducted during the pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of this technology. The limestone aquifer had maximum total VOC concentrations of 114 mg/L. Chlorinated compounds composed over 94% of the VOCs in the aquifer. The most prevalent VOC detected was 1,2-dichloroethene at 64% of the total chlorinated VOCs detected. Treatment was targeted at depths of 30 to 80 feet below ground surface within the source area. Over 12,000 gallons of 50% hydrogen peroxide were injected into the limestone aquifer over a 3.5-day period. The post-injection sampling results indicate that the estimated mass of total chlorinated VOCs destroyed was approximately 2,000 pounds. The pilot study results indicate that this innovative in situ remediation technology can effectively lower chlorinated solvent concentrations in source areas located within a limestone bedrock aquifer. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Stone, PR (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-190-2 PY 2001 BP 329 EP 331 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Geology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA BT55T UT WOS:000173316100051 ER PT B AU Goodpaster, AJ AF Goodpaster, AJ BE Rossides, ET TI Greece"s pivotal role in World War II and its importance to the US today SO GREECE'S PIVOTAL ROLE IN WORLD WAR II AND ITS IMPORTANCE TO THE U.S. TODAY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Greeces Pivotal Role in World War II and Its Importance to the US Today CY NOV 22, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Hellenic Bank Assoc, Atlantic Bank New York,, Hellenic Amer Natl Council, Pan Cretan Assoc Amer C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELLENIC INST FOUNDAT PI WASHINGTON PA 1220 16TH STREET N W, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-889247-03-0 PY 2001 BP V EP VIII PG 4 WC History SC History GA BV94C UT WOS:000180461000001 ER PT J AU Jonsson, CB Schmaljohn, CS AF Jonsson, CB Schmaljohn, CS TI Replication of Hantaviruses SO HANTAVIRUSES SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID VALLEY FEVER VIRUS; DEPENDENT RNA-POLYMERASE; KOREAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME VIRUS; HANTAAN-VIRUS; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; MESSENGER-RNA; SEOUL VIRUS; LA-CROSSE; L-PROTEIN C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Jonsson, CB (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 84 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2001 VL 256 BP 15 EP 32 PG 18 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BT48L UT WOS:000173125600002 PM 11217402 ER PT J AU Hooper, JW Li, D AF Hooper, JW Li, D TI Vaccines against hantaviruses SO HANTAVIRUSES SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HANTAAN-VIRUS-VACCINE; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; EXPRESSION VECTORS; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; PUUMALA-VIRUS; SEOUL-VIRUS; CHALLENGE; SEGMENT; DNA C1 USA, Div Virol, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Inst Virol, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. RP Hooper, JW (reprint author), USA, Div Virol, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. OI Hooper, Jay/0000-0002-4475-0415 NR 36 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2001 VL 256 BP 171 EP 191 PG 21 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BT48L UT WOS:000173125600010 PM 11217404 ER PT J AU Cameron, CL Cella, D Herndon, JE Kornblith, AB Zuckerman, E Henderson, E Weiss, RB Cooper, MR Silver, RT Leone, L Canellos, GP Peterson, BA Holland, JC AF Cameron, CL Cella, D Herndon, JE Kornblith, AB Zuckerman, E Henderson, E Weiss, RB Cooper, MR Silver, RT Leone, L Canellos, GP Peterson, BA Holland, JC TI Persistent symptoms among survivors of Hodgkin's disease: An explanatory model based on classical conditioning SO HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hodgkin's disease; anticipatory side effects; nausea; psychological distress; classical conditioning ID CANCER-CHEMOTHERAPY; ANTICIPATORY NAUSEA; RECEIVING CHEMOTHERAPY; PREVALENCE; MANAGEMENT; ANXIETY AB Persistent symptoms of nausea, distress, and vomiting triggered by reminders of cancer treatment were examined among 273 Hodgkin's disease survivors, 1 to 20 years posttreatment. Prevalence rates were high for distress and nausea but low for vomiting. Retrospective report of anticipatory symptoms during treatment was the strongest predictor of persistent symptoms, suggesting that treatment-induced symptoms are less likely to persist if conditioning does not occur initially. Time since treatment was also a significant predictor, with patients more recently treated more likely to experience persistent symptoms. Thus, an explanatory model based on classical conditioning theory successfully predicted presence of persistent symptoms. Symptoms also were associated with ongoing psychological distress, suggesting that quality of life is diminished among survivors with persistent symptoms. Recommendations for prevention and treatment of symptoms are discussed. C1 Evanston NW Healthcare, Ctr Outcomes Res & Educ, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Duke Univ, Stat Off, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10021 USA. Vet Affairs Western New York Healthcare, Dept Med, Buffalo, NY USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Cornell Univ, Med Ctr, New York Hosp, Dept Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rhode Isl Hosp, Dept Med, Providence, RI USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Med Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Cella, D (reprint author), Evanston NW Healthcare, Ctr Outcomes Res & Educ, 1033 Univ Pl,Suite 100, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 04326, CA 11028, CA 32291] NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0278-6133 J9 HEALTH PSYCHOL JI Health Psychol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 DI 10.1037/0278-6133.20.1.71 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 392YX UT WOS:000166441300009 PM 11199068 ER PT S AU Reese, CE Bender, EJ AF Reese, CE Bender, EJ BE Lewandowski, RJ Haworth, LA Girolamo, HJ Rash, CE TI Multi-spectral/image fused head tracked vision system (HTVS) for driving applications SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays VI CY APR 16-17, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE driver's vision enhancer (DVE); helmet mounted display (HMD); flat panel display (FPD); head tracking system (HTS); sensor fusion; and head tracked vision system (HTVS) AB Current military thermal driver vision systems consist of a single Long Wave Infrared (LWIR) sensor mounted on a manually operated gimbal, which is normally locked forward during driving. The sensor video imagery is presented on a large area flat panel display for direct view. The Night Vision and Electronics Sensors Directorate and Kaiser Electronics are cooperatively working to develop a driver's Head Tracked Vision System (HTVS) which directs dual waveband sensors in a more natural head-slewed imaging mode. The HTVS consists of LWIR and image intensified sensors, a high-speed gimbal, a head mounted display, and a head tracker. The first prototype systems have been delivered and have undergone preliminary field trials to characterize the operational benefits of a head tracked sensor system for tactical military ground applications. This investigation will address the advantages of head tracked vs. fixed sensor systems regarding peripheral sightings of threats, road hazards, and nearby vehicles. Am additional thrust will investigate the degree to which additive (A+B) fusion of LWIR and image intensified sensors enhances overall driving performance. Typically, LWIR sensors are better for detecting threats, while image intensified sensors provide more natural scene cues, such as shadows and texture. This investigation will examine the degree to which the fusion of these two sensors enhances the driver's overall situational awareness. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Reese, CE (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4056-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4361 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1117/12.437983 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT20P UT WOS:000172264400002 ER PT S AU Rash, CE Crowley, JS AF Rash, CE Crowley, JS BE Lewandowski, RJ Haworth, LA Girolamo, HJ Rash, CE TI Panel on helmet-mounted display (HMD) biodynamic issues and concerns SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays VI CY APR 16-17, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE helmet-mounted display (HMD); biodynamics; weight; center of mass; protection; impact AB To present a forum for government, military, industrial, and academic researchers and program managers to exchange information on biodynamic issues of concern in the design of helmet-mounted display (HMD) systems. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Fort Rucker, AL USA. RP Rash, CE (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Fort Rucker, AL USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4056-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4361 BP IX EP XXIX PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT20P UT WOS:000172264400001 ER PT S AU Girolamo, H AF Girolamo, H BE Lewandowski, RJ Haworth, LA Girolamo, HJ Rash, CE TI A decade of progress 1991-2001: HMD technology ready for platform integration SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays VI CY APR 16-17, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB In 1991, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) established a head-mounted display (HMD) program as part of their High Definition Systems Program. The goals were to investigate, and then develop revolutionary new display technologies that would overcome the technical challenges of cathode-ray tubes (CRT) and satisfy DoD needs for improved HMDs. A Joint Services Working Group was formed to identify and define miniature display specifications through common program goals. These display technologies have had a profound impact on HAM designs and have led to revolutionary optical solutions, densely packaged electronics and miniaturized integrated packaging. These technologies have initiated compact HMDs that demonstrate exceptionally wide fields of view, greatly improved acuity, reduced weight, low power consumption, high bandwidth interfaces, and test subject acceptance through Human Factors and Biodynamic analyses. The dual-use applications of these technologies comply with many DoD and commercial user goals and have resulted in HMD systems that meet many operational capabilities and needs of the military, medical, commercial, and consumer markets. HMD systems have been demonstrated in operational tests and evaluations in combat vehicles, dismounted operations (infantry, medical, maintenance, special operations, military police/law enforcement and others), rotorcraft and fixed wing. DoD has established many simulation programs and it has been concluded that an integrated HMD system can enhance situational awareness and augment operational performance of military units in the aforementioned fields. This paper will highlight the accomplishments of the advanced research, development, operational experiments and demonstrations over the past decade and will report on the current status of HMD integration. C1 USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Girolamo, H (reprint author), USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4056-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4361 BP 43 EP 70 DI 10.1117/12.438007 PG 28 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT20P UT WOS:000172264400007 ER PT S AU Rostad, RJ Rash, CE Crowley, JS Briley, JK Mora, JC AF Rostad, RJ Rash, CE Crowley, JS Briley, JK Mora, JC BE Lewandowski, RJ Haworth, LA Girolamo, HJ Rash, CE TI Analysis of azimuth head motion in rotary-wing flight using various helmet-mounted display configurations SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays VI CY APR 16-17, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE helmet-mounted displays (HMDs); head motion; head position; head tracking AB In spite of an immense increase in interest in helmet-mounted displays (HMDs) over the pass two decades, there have been few studies on head motion while using HMDs in operational flight. Rotary-wing flights conducted using a number of HMD configurations have resulted in a head position database that will be useful in filling this void. Various analysis techniques have been applied to investigate characteristics of head position distributions for a slalom flight maneuver for four visual environments: good visual environment (daytime, unaided), night vision goggles, HAM with thermal imagery, and HMD with thermal imagery and symbology. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Fort Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Rostad, RJ (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Box 620577, Fort Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4056-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4361 BP 115 EP 129 DI 10.1117/12.437986 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT20P UT WOS:000172264400013 ER PT S AU Hsieh, SJ Rash, CE Harding, TH AF Hsieh, SJ Rash, CE Harding, TH BE Lewandowski, RJ Haworth, LA Girolamo, HJ Rash, CE TI Design of an image quality tester SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays VI CY APR 16-17, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE helmet-mounted display (HMD); image quality; tester; Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System; (IHADSS) AB Helmet-mounted displays (HMDs) provide essential pilotage and fire control imagery information for pilots. However, image quality testers for HMD validation do not currently exist in the field. This research employed techniques from imaging analysis and interpretation, and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) to demonstrate that a portable image quality tester can be developed for HMD validation in the field. For this study, a charge coupled device (CCD) camera and lens were selected. Hardware characteristics such as viewing angles in horizontal and vertical positions, ge dynamic working range at day and night, pixel resolution, focal length, and aperture ratio were evaluated with respect to HMD functionality. Experiments to evaluate camera sensitivity and test pattern merits were conducted using a programmable micro-positioning system, CCD camera, optical fixtures and benches. Next, the relative ratio among features within the image profile, and an ideal image profile and evaluation criteria were established based on the experiment results. Third, image processing algorithms and techniques, such as edge detection, were developed and applied in test pattern feature detection. A software prototype including modules for image capture, image analysis and interpretation, and user manuals was developed. Finally, a hardware package design was proposed. The design incorporates a notebook computer with flat panel display to interface with the camera and software prototype; and fixtures for the HMD, camera, computer, and power supply. This design will allow the tester to be used in the field. Future work includes (1) fabrication and field evaluation of the tester; (2) development of an embedded intelligent algorithm to tune the tester image profile as more HMDs are evaluated; (3) addition of an on-line real time interactive adjusting and self-tuning capability based on a given environmental scenario; and (4) self-diagnosis, built-in-test, and reliability testing capabilities to facilitate preventive maintenance. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Rash, CE (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Box 620577, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4056-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4361 BP 205 EP 212 DI 10.1117/12.437996 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT20P UT WOS:000172264400022 ER PT S AU Pressel, DM Sahu, J Heavey, KR AF Pressel, DM Sahu, J Heavey, KR BE Mueller, F TI Using loop-level parallelism to parallelize vectorizable programs SO HIGH-LEVEL PARALLEL PROGRAMMING MODELS AND SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENTS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Workshop on High-Level Parallel Programming Models and Supportive Environments (HIPS 2001) CY APR 23, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA DE parallel programming; high performance computer; super computer; loop-level parallelism AB One of the major challenges facing high performance computing is the daunting task of producing programs that will achieve acceptable levels of performance when run on parallel architectures. Although many organizations have been actively working in this area for some time, many programs have yet to be parallelized. Furthermore, some programs that were parallelized were done so for obsolete systems. These programs may run poorly, if at all, on the current generation of parallel computers. Therefore, a straightforward approach to parallelizing vectorizable codes is needed without introducing any changes to the algorithm or the convergence properties of the codes. Using the combination of loop-level parallelism, and RISC-based shared memory SMPs has proven to be a successful approach to solving this problem. C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Pressel, DM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-41944-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 2026 BP 28 EP 44 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BS97S UT WOS:000171563400003 ER PT J AU Muratikov, KL Glazov, AL Rose, DN Dumar, JE AF Muratikov, KL Glazov, AL Rose, DN Dumar, JE TI Photothermal and photoacoustic measurement of thermal and thermoelastic properties of ceramics with residual stresses SO HIGH TEMPERATURES-HIGH PRESSURES LA English DT Article ID SILICON-NITRIDE; INDENTATION; MICROSCOPY AB The influence of residual stress on thermal, thermoelastic, and elastic properties of silicon nitride ceramics is analyzed. The results of the multimode experimental investigations based on photodeflection, photoreflectance, and photoacoustic piezoelectric measurements of Vickers indented ceramics are presented. It is shown that residual stress does not strongly influence thermal properties of silicon nitride ceramics. The modified Murnaghan nonlinear thermoelastic model is used for estimation of the nonlinear thermoelastic and elastic properties of silicon nitride ceramics. C1 RAS, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. USA, TACOM, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Muratikov, KL (reprint author), RAS, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, Politekhnicheskaya 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Glazov, Alexey/A-7374-2014 OI Glazov, Alexey/0000-0003-1301-1959 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0018-1544 J9 HIGH TEMP-HIGH PRESS JI High Temp.-High Press. PY 2001 VL 33 IS 3 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1068/htwu365 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 445CV UT WOS:000169441300005 ER PT S AU Mowery, RB Purdy, EM AF Mowery, RB Purdy, EM BE Totten, GE Wills, DK Feldmann, DG TI Analysis of failure modes of a military hydraulic fluid: MIL-H-46170 SO HYDRAULIC FAILURE ANALYSIS: FLUIDS, COMPONENTS, AND SYSTEM EFFECTS SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hydraulic Failure Analysis - Fluids, Components, and System Effects CY DEC 05-06, 1999 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm D2 AB The Army replaces the hydraulic fluids in its vehicles annually. A feasibility investigation to determine if used military hydraulic fluid could be reused was conducted. Samples of used fluid from military vehicles were collected, analyzed to determine the physical and chemical properties, and compared against specification requirements for new fluid. These fluids were then purified and retested to determine the failure modes. Results showed that the ability to control foaming was the only property that significantly suffered. Restoring the foaming resistance, and removing water and particulate contamination returns the fluid to full specification performance. Adding antifoaming additive in the field is highly impractical because it is needed in such a low concentration. Virgin fluid is sufficiently robust in anti-foaming agent, that mixing one part of virgin fluid to three parts of purified, used fluid would bring the mixture back to full specification performance. C1 USA, Ctr Dev & Engn, Fuels & Lubricants Technol Team, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Mowery, RB (reprint author), USA, Ctr Dev & Engn, Fuels & Lubricants Technol Team, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2883-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1339 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.1520/STP38274S PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS17Q UT WOS:000168981000012 ER PT B AU Hsieh, BB Pratt, TC AF Hsieh, BB Pratt, TC BE Li, G TI Field data recovery in tidal system using artificial neural networks SO HYDRAULICS FOR MARITIME ENGINEERING, THEME E, PROCEEDINGS: 21ST CENTURY: THE NEW ERA FOR HYDRAULIC RESEARCH AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Congress of the International-Association-of-Hydraulic-Engineering-and-Research (IAHR) CY SEP 16-21, 2001 CL BEIJING INT CONVENT CTR, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Engn & Res, Minist Water Resources, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, United Nat Educ, Sci & Cultural Org, Hai River Conservancy Commiss, Huai River Conservancy Commiss, Songhua River & Liao River Conservancy Commiss, Xialangdi Multipurpose Project Corp, China Yangtze Three Gorges Project Dev Corp, China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res HO BEIJING INT CONVENT CTR AB Field data collection is expensive and plays a main part in building a numerical modeling system. However, the missing gaps and abnormal recorded data due to instrumental failure curtail the capability of modeling effort. This deficit can be overcome by the system simulation techniques, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs). Several different data recovery patterns, namely, self-recovery neighboring station recovery, and multivariate parameter recovery, were defined and solved by the ANN modeling technique. The Biscayne Bay tidal system was used to demonstrate this approach, The results indicated that the recovery reliability depends on the parameter characteristics. The performance of missing window size and its location in the time series were discussed. The partially recurrent network algorithm was found to be the most accurate data recovery system for this application. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Engineer R&D Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Hsieh, BB (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Engineer R&D Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 2001 BP 466 EP 471 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BU24F UT WOS:000175457500068 ER PT B AU Scott, S Jia, YF Wang, SSY AF Scott, S Jia, YF Wang, SSY BE Li, G TI 3D numerical simulation of flow in Mississippi River and validation using field data SO HYDRAULICS OF RIVERS, WATER WORKS AND MACHINERY, VOL 1, THEME D, PROCEEDINGS: 21ST CENTURY: THE NEW ERA FOR HYDRAULIC RESEARCH AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Congress of the International-Association-of-Hydraulic-Engineering-and-Research (IAHR) CY SEP 16-21, 2001 CL BEIJING INT CONVENT CTR, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Engn & Res, Minist Water Resources, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, United Nat Educ, Sci & Cultural Org, Hai River Conservancy Commiss, Huai River Conservancy Commiss, Songhua River & Liao River Conservancy Commiss, Xialangdi Multipurpose Project Corp, China Yangtze Three Gorges Project Dev Corp, China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res HO BEIJING INT CONVENT CTR DE numerical modeling; simulation; verification; natural river AB More and more 3D numerical hydrodynamic models have been applied to hydraulic research and engineering design studies, due to the fact that numerical modeling is more cost effective. However, questions have been raised about the uncertainties of the numerical models' applicability to investigate real world problems, even if these models have been verified by using rigorous approaches. This paper presents a validation test of a three dimensional numerical model, CCHE3D, using 3D field data measured in the Mississippi River. The numerical study is focused on a curved channel reach, Victoria Bendway, in which many submerged dikes were constructed to improve the channel navigation condition. To support the study, 3D velocity data were collected using ADCP across the channel. The CCHE3D model was applied to study the secondary flow and investigate the effectiveness of these submerged weirs for improving navigation. The simulated flow field and the measured data showed good agreement, thus the model's applicability to simulate natural river processes was confirmed. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Coastal & Hydraul Engn Lab, ERDC,Waterway Expt Stn, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Scott, S (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Coastal & Hydraul Engn Lab, ERDC,Waterway Expt Stn, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 2001 BP 183 EP 188 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Applied; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BU24D UT WOS:000175457200029 ER PT B AU Kirby, S Yee, Y Henmi, T Haines, P AF Kirby, S Yee, Y Henmi, T Haines, P BE Graham, P Maheswaran, M Eskicioglu, R TI Web-based mesoscale model computing SO IC'2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERNET COMPUTING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Internet Computing (IC 2001) CY JUN 25-28, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ, & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korea Informat Processing Soc, World Acad Sci Informat Technol, PACT Corp DE Internet; Perl/CGI; meteorological mesoscale model; NOGAPS AB As a means of simplifying the process of creating input data for the Battlescale Forecast Model (BFM) a ii,eb site has been designed whereby the user can download all of the required inputs for BFM and process the data. that vi,as once a laborious process of acquiring disparate data sets, editing and compiling various computer programs and scripts, and editing the output has been reduced to accessing a web site and filling out HTML forms for processing the various meteorological data types: Naval Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS), zipper-air, and surface data. The capability, to run the model from the vt,cb site and observe results is currently being implemented. C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Battlefield Environm Div, White Sands Missile Range, NM USA. RP Kirby, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Battlefield Environm Div, White Sands Missile Range, NM USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-84-X PY 2001 BP 684 EP 688 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BT34W UT WOS:000172696600105 ER PT S AU del Prado, J Choi, SH AF del Prado, J Choi, SH GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Experimental study on co-existence of 802.11b with alien devices SO IEEE 54TH VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VTC FALL 2001, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE VTS Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2001) CY OCT 07-11, 2001 CL ATLANTIC CITY, NJ SP IEEE, N Jersey Sect, IEEE Vehicular Technol Soc AB Several kinds of wireless communication systems, such as IEEE 802.11, BT, HomeRF, and cordless telephones, have been developed to run in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. In many cases, these technologies are complementary rather than competing, and are likely to co-exist in the same environment. This paper presents experimental results of the co-existence tests among these different systems working in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. The main goal of this work is to determine how the performance of 802.11b is degraded in the existence of such other devices in the neighborhood. This should be the first step towards a better co-existence solution for IEEE 802.11b WLAN in this band. C1 USA, Philips Res Briarcliff, Briarcliff Manor, NY USA. RP del Prado, J (reprint author), USA, Philips Res Briarcliff, Briarcliff Manor, NY USA. EM javier.delprado@philips.com; sunghyun.choi@philips.com OI Choi, Sunghyun/0000-0003-0279-445X NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1090-3038 BN 0-7803-7005-8 J9 IEEE VTS VEH TECHNOL PY 2001 BP 977 EP 981 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA BT74N UT WOS:000173938400203 ER PT J AU Gamble, AE Jenkins, PN AF Gamble, AE Jenkins, PN TI Low cost guidance for the Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) artillery rocket SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The US Army Aviation and Missile Command has demonstrated the application of advanced technology to significantly improve the accuracy and range of the US Army's Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) through the Guided MLRS Advanced Technology Demonstration (ATD). The addition of a cost-effective guidance and control package to the rocket results in a weapon system that can defeat the target at ranges up to 70 km with significantly fewer rounds, This not only increases the destructive capability of the system but also reduces the cost of the expended ammunition, the cost to transport the ammunition to the combat zone, and the number of launchers required to execute the mission. The guidance kit is housed in the nose of the MLRS and consists of an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), four independent electro-mechanically actuated canards, a Global Position System (GPS) Receiver, GPS antennas, a thermal battery, a guidance computer, and power supply electronics. Roll decoupling of the warhead and motor section was required to allow roll control of the guidance section to enable accurate inertial navigation and was accomplished by joining the two sections with a roll bearing. Five flight missiles were built and tested during the ATD. Two IMU vendors were selected to provide flight units (3 flights used vendor A and 2 flights used vendor B). A tightly coupled eight channel GPS receiver was flown on all flights. This paper discusses the ATD development effort and presents flight test results. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Gamble, AE (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1109/62.894176 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 394CN UT WOS:000166506600007 ER PT B AU Wisher, RA Abramson, LJ Dees, JJ AF Wisher, RA Abramson, LJ Dees, JJ BE Okamoto, T Hartley, R Klus, JP TI The effectiveness of an intelligent tutoring system for rocket training SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies CY AUG 06-08, 2001 CL UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON, MADISON, WI SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Learning Technol Task Force, Univ Wisconsin-Madison HO UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON AB This report examines the application of an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) for use in training the complex skill of deploying a multiple launch rocket system during a reconnaissance task. The task was conventionally taught using miniature replications of vehicles and launchers on a large table of sand. An ITS version of the exercise, called the Virtual Sand Table, replicated the training with the added advantage of informative feedback and computer-base coaching. A comparison group (n=209) used the conventional sand table and the treatment group (n=105) used the Virtual Sand Table during a four-hour training session. Results, as measured by a hands on performance test, indicated superior performance by the Virtual Sand Table treatment group, with an effect size slightly more than one standard deviation unit. C1 USA, Res Inst, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Wisher, RA (reprint author), USA, Res Inst, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1013-2 PY 2001 BP 335 EP 338 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT37Y UT WOS:000172812800101 ER PT J AU Etienne-Cummings, R Kalayjian, ZK Cai, DH AF Etienne-Cummings, R Kalayjian, ZK Cai, DH TI A programmable focal-plane MIMD image processor chip SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS LA English DT Article DE edge detection chip; focal-plane processing; image processor chip; orientation detection chip; programmable analog computation; vision chip ID VLSI OPTICAL SENSOR; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; RETINA AB An 80 x 78 pixels vision chip for focal-plane image processing is presented. The chip employs a Multiple-Instruction-Multiple-Data (MIMD) architecture to provide five spatially processed images in parallel. The size, configuration, and coefficients of the spatial kernels are programmable. The chip's architecture allows the photoreceptor cells to be small and packed densely by performing all computations on the read-out, away from the array. The processing core uses digitally programmed current-mode analog computation. Operating at 9.6K frames/s in 800-lux ambient light, the chip consumes 4 mW from a 2.5-V power supply. Performing II x II spatial convolutions, an equivalent computation (5.5 bit scale-accumulate) rate of 12.4 GOPS/mW is achieved using 22 mm(2) in a 1.2-mum CMOS process, The application of the chip to line-segment orientation detection is also presented. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USA, Res Labs, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Intel Corp, Folsom, CA 95630 USA. RP Etienne-Cummings, R (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Etienne-Cummings, Ralph/A-3227-2010 NR 27 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9200 J9 IEEE J SOLID-ST CIRC JI IEEE J. Solid-State Circuit PD JAN PY 2001 VL 36 IS 1 BP 64 EP 73 DI 10.1109/4.896230 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 395FN UT WOS:000166569700008 ER PT B AU Brodeen, AEM Brand, J Santos, J AF Brodeen, AEM Brand, J Santos, J GP IEEE IEEE TI An examination of self-similar network traffic and tactical radio experiments SO IEEE SOUTHEASTCON 2001: ENGINEERING THE FUTURE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE SoutheastCon 2001 CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2001 CL CLEMSON UNIV, CLEMSON, SC SP IEEE Reg 3, IEEE Piedmont Sect, IEEE South Carolina Council, FLUOR, KEMET, Electr Corp, Square D, Schlumberger, Bosch, IEEE Financial Advantage Program, Tektronix Co, MSFC Engn Directirate, Res Technol Dev HO CLEMSON UNIV AB Network traffic has been reported to exhibit self-similar properties over time [Leland 1994] [Willinger 1995]. This has been demonstrated under numerous circumstances involving high speed networks using civilian protocol suites. Self-similarity has also been reported to arise as a result of different network processes [Park 1996]. Different network protocols have been shown to affect the degree of self-similarity in network traffic [Peha 1997]. This is important because results indicate that the networks analyzed behave differently and exhibit different performance figures of merit depending on the traffic's degree of self-similarity. This investigation focuses on very low bandwidth tactical radio nets with military protocols. C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Brodeen, AEM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6748-0 PY 2001 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1109/SECON.2001.923082 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BS31L UT WOS:000169430300006 ER PT B AU Brand, J Hartwig, G AF Brand, J Hartwig, G GP IEEE IEEE TI Ad hoc network management with C2 data models SO IEEE SOUTHEASTCON 2001: ENGINEERING THE FUTURE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE SoutheastCon 2001 CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2001 CL CLEMSON UNIV, CLEMSON, SC SP IEEE Reg 3, IEEE Piedmont Sect, IEEE South Carolina Council, FLUOR, KEMET, Electr Corp, Square D, Schlumberger, Bosch, IEEE Financial Advantage Program, Tektronix Co, MSFC Engn Directirate, Res Technol Dev HO CLEMSON UNIV AB Military networks, particularly at tactical echelons, are bandwidth limited and are subject to reconfiguration at little or no notice. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has been applying the concept of Default Operational Organizations (DOO) [Chamberlain 2000] and Universal Surrogate Keys (USKs) to this military environment in order to develop a data model capable of supporting both military planning and technical aspects of networking. The DOO/USK concept was used to analyze the problem of managing LP addresses in rapidly changing ad-hoc organizations while minimizing overhead traffic on congested, low-capacity nets. The Joint Common Database was selected as a starting point, and proposed extensions to it have been developed to support network operations during operational planning, operations, and reconfigurations. In this way a database oriented primarily to logistic and situational awareness data may be applied to the problem of management of military low bandwidth networks. The desired result is a data model that supports military operational and logistical planning as well as development of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) systems. The proposed extensions were implemented in an Access database and the resulting "scale model" database populated with notional trial data. Management tools were developed in Access to exercise the database and indicate functionality of the database structure in support of several common network management tasks. C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Brand, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6748-0 PY 2001 BP 100 EP 104 DI 10.1109/SECON.2001.923096 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BS31L UT WOS:000169430300019 ER PT J AU Runkle, P Nguyen, LH McClellan, JH Carin, L AF Runkle, P Nguyen, LH McClellan, JH Carin, L TI Multi-aspect target detection for SAR imagery using hidden Markov models SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY; SPEECH RECOGNITION; ALGORITHM AB Radar scattering from an illuminated object is often highly dependent on the target-sensor orientation. In typical synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery, the information in the muiti-aspect target signatures is diffused in the image-formation process. In an effort to exploit the aspect dependence of the target signature, we employ a sequence of directional filters to the SAR imagery, thereby generating a sequence of subaperture images that recover the directional dependence of the target scattering. The scattering statistics are then used to design a hidden Markov model (HMM), wherein the orientation-dependent scattering statistics are exploited explicitly This approach fuses information embodied in the orientation-dependent target signature under the assumption that both the target identity and orientation are unknown. Performance is assessed by considering the detection of tactical targets concealed in foliage, using measured foliage-penetrating (FOPEN) SAR data. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USA, Res Lab, Microwave Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30301 USA. RP Runkle, P (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 24 TC 34 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2001 VL 39 IS 1 BP 46 EP 55 DI 10.1109/36.898664 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 398CJ UT WOS:000166738100005 ER PT J AU Curtis, JO AF Curtis, JO TI Moisture effects on the dielectric properties of soils SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE conductivity; dielectric properties; permitivity; soil moisture ID MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; BEHAVIOR; RANGE AB Laboratory-measured dielectric, property data and related electromagnetic wave propagation parameters are reported for a broad range of soil textures. The dielectric permittivity and phase velocity are shown to be very strong functions of volumetric soil moisture. A polynomial model for predicting soil moisture from permittivity measurements at 100 MHz is presented. C1 USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Curtis, JO (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 31 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2001 VL 39 IS 1 BP 125 EP 128 DI 10.1109/36.898673 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 398CJ UT WOS:000166738100012 ER PT J AU Hale, PS Arno, RG AF Hale, PS Arno, RG TI Survey of reliability and availability information for power distribution, power generation, and HVAC components for commercial, industrial, and utility installations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/IAS Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference CY MAY 07-11, 2000 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FLORIDA SP IEEE, IAS DE availability model; data collection; heating; ventilation; and air conditioning equipment; power distribution equipment; power generation equipment AB This paper presents the culmination of a 24000-man-hour effort to collect operational and maintenance data on 204 power generation, power distribution, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning items, including gas turbine generators, diesel engine generators, electrical switchgear, cables, circuit breakers, boilers, piping, valves, pumps, motors, and chillers. The data collection process and the resultant data are the subject of this paper. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Special Missions Off, Power Reliabil Enhancement Program, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. IIT, Res Inst, Reliabil Anal Ctr, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Hale, PS (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Special Missions Off, Power Reliabil Enhancement Program, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 191 EP 196 DI 10.1109/28.903146 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 403UR UT WOS:000167061300027 ER PT J AU Erengil, ME Zielinski, AE AF Erengil, ME Zielinski, AE TI Effect of electromagnetic launch on armature/sabot discard SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY APR 25-28, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol, USA DE accuracy; aeroballistics; armature/sabot discard; electrodynamics AB This paper presents the validation of a sabot discard model, developed at the Institute for Advanced Technology (IAT), for predicting armature/sabot separation, and quantifies the effect of electromagnetic launch on sabot discard as well as on the sub-projectile, The experimental data used to validate the model were obtained at the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Transonic Experimental Facility at Aberdeen Proving Ground, R ID, Five shots were conducted at a nominal velocity of 1350 m/s and armature/sabot petal trajectories were reduced from x-ray images taken at six downrange stations. The residual electromagnetic force on the launch package after muzzle exit was also determined from experimental data. The sabot discard model uses analytical expressions to estimate surface pressure distributions, which are then integrated, in a time-marching algorithm, for linear and angular accelerations, and subsequently for sabot petal trajectories, The most significant attribute of this model is that it does not rely on any empirical data for modeling and is therefore expected to be widely applicable, The results from this study have shown that the comparison between predicted and measured armature/sabot petal trajectories is excellent, Furthermore, the model has demonstrated quantitatively the delayed armature/sabot discard caused by the residual electromagnetic force and the additional deceleration of the sub-projectile due to the delayed mechanical disengagement. C1 Univ Texas, Inst Adv Technol, Austin, TX 78759 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,BC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Erengil, ME (reprint author), Univ Texas, Inst Adv Technol, Austin, TX 78759 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 67 EP 72 DI 10.1109/20.911793 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 418JC UT WOS:000167886300014 ER PT J AU Kaste, P Birk, A Kinkennon, A Lieb, R Del Guercio, M Schroeder, M Pesce-Rodriguez, R AF Kaste, P Birk, A Kinkennon, A Lieb, R Del Guercio, M Schroeder, M Pesce-Rodriguez, R TI Analysis of burning rate phenomena and extinguished solid propellants from an interrupted closed bomb with plasma igniter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY APR 25-28, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol, USA DE interrupted closed bomb; plasma ignition; SEM analysis; solid propellants AB The morphological and chemical characterization of M30 propellants recovered after conventional and plasma ignition with polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (Mylar) in an interrupted closed bomb (extinguished at pressures between 35 and 100 MPa) has been performed, This work was undertaken to investigate mechanisms associated with the apparent burning rate augmentation of M30 under conditions of plasma ignition compared to conventional ignition. Burning rate augmentation of solid propellants with plasma ignition was found to occur during, but not after, the plasma event. The following factors are evidence of a more forceful process for plasma ignition compared to conventional ignition: a) the initial pressure rise was greater with plasma ignition; b) metals from the closed bomb hardware, and stripping of NQ from M30 propellants was observed in the perforations; C) irregular surface burning (possibly due to ablation) and hot embedded particles have been observed in grains after plasma, but not conventional, ignition. Extensive chemical analyses of extinguished grains have been performed, but no significant differences were revealed between plasma and conventional ignition, quite possibly because any early chemical interactions are obscured by normal burning processes occurring later. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Kaste, P (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 173 EP 177 DI 10.1109/20.911815 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 418JC UT WOS:000167886300036 ER PT J AU Oberle, WF Wren, GP AF Oberle, WF Wren, GP TI Further studies concerning the energy distribution in the ETC closed chamber and the impact on observed propellant burn rate SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY APR 25-28, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol, USA DE burn rate; closed chamber; electrothermal-chemical; plasma AB In this paper, the authors investigate the consequences of the changing chemical equilibrium states that occur during ETC closed chamber experiments and the associated impact on the propellant burn rate calculation. The theoretical results are compared with experimental data to determine the influence on the computed propellant burn rate when a plasma is present. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,BE, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Oberle, WF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,BE, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 178 EP 182 DI 10.1109/20.911816 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 418JC UT WOS:000167886300037 ER PT J AU Powell, JD Thornhill, LD AF Powell, JD Thornhill, LD TI Current distribution and plasma properties in injectors for electrothermal-chemical launch SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY APR 25-28, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol, USA DE ETC injector; ETC launcher; ETC propulsion; plasma igniter AB Various electrothermal-chemical launchers involve periodic array of solid and plasma conductors. A two-dimensional model to determine both the conduction characteristics and plasma properties for a generic injector of this type is developed. The governing equations, which consist of the coupled Maxwell and energy-transport equations, are presented, and the methodology for solving them is discussed. Some specific calculations that determine how the electrical and thermodynamic characteristics of the device are affected by geometry and operating conditions are carried out. Possible further extensions of the model, as well as behavior that those extensions might elucidate, are also indicated. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Marietta, GA 30068 USA. RP Powell, JD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 183 EP 187 DI 10.1109/20.911817 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 418JC UT WOS:000167886300038 ER PT J AU Williams, AW White, KJ AF Williams, AW White, KJ TI Plasma-propellant interactions studies: Measurements of heat flux produced by hydrocarbon ablation-supported plasmas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY APR 25-28, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol, USA DE ETC; heat flux; plasma; propellant AB An investigation is underway to determine the mechanisms which contribute to the enhanced performance of electro-thermal chemical (ETC) ignition systems, Measurements of the plasma properties are difficult due to the hot, low density, ionized plasma flow which interfered with the data acquisition system, The present study utilizes an infrared (IR) camera to measure the temperature of both a copper disk and propellant grains exposed to a plasma. Use of the IR camera minimizes the electrical noise interference experienced in past experiments. The copper disk was used to determine the total energy flux produced by the plasma and the propellant grains were used to determine the energy flux absorbed by the propellant, A larger average energy appears to be transferred to JA2 compared to M30 propellant with similar plasma energy inputs. While it is likely that this is due to the higher absorption coefficient of JA2, the JA2 experiments also showed a significant amount of particles on the propellant face which may have contributed to the higher energy measured. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Williams, AW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 203 EP 206 DI 10.1109/20.911821 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 418JC UT WOS:000167886300042 ER PT J AU Wren, GP Oberle, WF AF Wren, GP Oberle, WF TI Influence of high loading density charge configurations on performance of electrothermal-chemical (ETC) guns SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY APR 25-28, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol, USA DE electrothermal; interior ballistic; loading density; pressure gradient AB Experiments have shown that an electrically-generated, ablation-stabilized plasma is an effective ignition stimulus in electrothermal-chemical (ETC) guns. The current generation of ETC concepts in the United States utilizes a small amount of electrical energy during the ignition process on the order of the chemical energy in conventional igniters. Thus, in order to obtain the significant muzzle kinetic energy increase that has been demonstrated in the U.S. with ETC guns in comparison to fielded systems, a new generation of energetic materials has been developed with increased impetus and improved packing properties. The propelling charge loading density (propellant mass/initial free volume in the combustion chamber) has risen concurrently in direct fire applications from the conventional 0.85-0.95 g/cm(3) to a value up to 1.35 g/cm(3) in experimental firings. The increase in loading density and concomitant decrease in initial ullage in the combustion chamber changes the sensitivity of the charge and the multi-phase properties of the interior ballistic flow. In this paper the authors present comparisons between high and low density cases for a number of ballistic parameters. Experimental data are also examined to compare the pressure gradient in conventional guns versus high loading density cases. C1 USA, Prop Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Wren, GP (reprint author), USA, Prop Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 211 EP 215 DI 10.1109/20.911823 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 418JC UT WOS:000167886300044 ER PT J AU Katulka, GL Hepner, DJ Davis, B Irwin, E Ridgley, M Kornegay, K AF Katulka, GL Hepner, DJ Davis, B Irwin, E Ridgley, M Kornegay, K TI Characterization of silicon carbide and commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components for high-g launch and EM applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY APR 25-28, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol, USA DE electric weapons; electromagnetics; EM; high-g; munitions; SiC; silicon carbide; widebandgap materials AB Recent experiments with die-level silicon carbide (SiC) transistors are described where the objective of the experiments is to determine the behavior of SLC held effect transistors (FET) in a high-g environment typical of conventional guns, missiles, or electric launchers. The results of the experiments hare shown for the first time that die-level SiC FET's can survive mechanical forces to as much as 12 000 times the force of gravity (12000-g's) without the mechanical support and protection of microelectronic encapsulation materials (e,g, plastic encapsulation material or PEM). A second series of experiments is performed with commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) sensors that rely upon standard sensor technology including silicon (Si) semiconductors. These experiments provide details of several COTS sensors previously qualified for high-g environments, which are characterized here under harsh electromagnetic interference (EMI) conditions, The sensors tested include a Si optical solar cell, an accelerometer, and a magnetometer, The output response of the sensors is recorded during the EMI event to ascertain the effect of coupled electromagnetic radiation on the sensors. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, AMSRL,WM,BA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Katulka, GL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, AMSRL,WM,BA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 248 EP 251 DI 10.1109/20.911831 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 418JC UT WOS:000167886300052 ER PT J AU Tzeng, JT AF Tzeng, JT TI Mechanics of composite rotating machines for pulsed power applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY APR 25-28, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol, USA AB Composite rotating machines are currently used in pulsed power generators,which convert kinetic energy stored in the rotor into electrical current. The rotor could be constructed from a series of concentric press-fitted field coils and composite cylinders. Radial compressive stresses are ''built-in" to compensate for the centripetal force resulting from high-speed rotation, and to enhance the shear and radial strength at the interfaces. This paper discusses mechanical concerns at the interfaces of the rotor including press-fit, rotor dynamics, preload relaxation, and a potential rotor failure mechanism. Models and analyzes were then developed for the rotor structural optimization based on these critical parameters, in particular, the concerns about prestress loss attributed to the creep and stress relaxation in the composite materials. Stresses induced by centripetal and magnetic forces might initiate delamination at the interfaces that could eventually propagate causing rotor failure. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Tzeng, JT (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 328 EP 331 DI 10.1109/20.911848 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 418JC UT WOS:000167886300068 ER PT J AU Brown, TG Davis, B Hepner, D Faust, J Myers, C Muller, P Harkins, T Hollis, M Miller, C Placzankis, B AF Brown, TG Davis, B Hepner, D Faust, J Myers, C Muller, P Harkins, T Hollis, M Miller, C Placzankis, B TI Strap-down microelectromechanical (MEMS) sensors for high-G munition applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY APR 25-28, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol, USA DE acceleration; angular rate; flight performance; high-G; IMU; projectile; sensors AB Low-cost micromachined, inertial measurement sensors have steadily emerged into the commercial marketplace. Some of these sensors were evaluated through ground and flight experiments for their insertion potential into military applications like operational test and evaluation and smart munition guidance. Performance requirements for navigation and time space position information (TSPI) are fast approaching those needed, especially when integrated with a global positioning system (GPS). Artillery and rockets, instrumented with "automobile grade'' Microelectromechanical (MEMS) accelerometers and telemetry units, were recently part of a flight experiment which resulted in good success. The results of a High-g shock study suggest that some of these sensors are rugged enough to survive both low-g and high-g launch, Analyzes of the accelerometer data show good comparison to radar-based acceleration measurements and 6-degree-of-freedom trajectory simulations. Flight simulated ground experimentation with gyroscopes have also been conducted that show promise for measuring projectile pitching and yawing behavior. Recent flight experiments may also be available for comparison to ground based measurement devices, This paper will present the results of the flight and ground experimentation and describe the challenges for using these strapdown devices on rolling projectiles. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Brown, TG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 19 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 336 EP 342 DI 10.1109/20.911850 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 418JC UT WOS:000167886300070 ER PT J AU D'Amico, WP AF D'Amico, WP TI Telemetry systems and electric gun projectiles SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY APR 25-28, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol, USA AB The use of telemetry in gun-launched projectiles is not as common as in missile and aircraft systems. A primary reason is the launch environment of guns. Conventional solid propellant guns often produce launch accelerations approaching 100 000 g's. Additionally, if the bore is rifled, large lateral accelerations are also produced. Recently, the Hardened Subminiature Telemetry and Sensor System (HSTSS) program has developed and demonstrated a series of telemetry products and technologies specifically designed to make gun-launched in-bore and flight measurements more routine and affordable. This paper reviews the products and flight experiences from the HSTSS program and addresses the potential use of the HSTSS products and techniques for use on projectiles launched from electromagnetic rail guns. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP D'Amico, WP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 343 EP 346 DI 10.1109/20.911851 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 418JC UT WOS:000167886300071 ER PT J AU Zielinski, AE Parker, JV AF Zielinski, AE Parker, JV TI Demonstration of a hypervelocity mass-efficient integrated launch package SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY APR 25-28, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol, USA DE armature; railgun; sabot; tungsten penetrator AB Tests were conducted whereby a kinetic energy penetrator was launched from an electromagnetic launcher, The penetrator was fabricated from a tungsten alloy, An armature, which supported the penetrator during acceleration and conducted the rail current, was fabricated from 7075-T6 aluminum, The transition of the armature contacts from a low voltage to a high voltage was identified as the mechanism that caused the aft section of the subprojectile to fail. Transition occurred fairly consistently at an average velocity of 2050 m/s, Removal of armature material at the rod-armature interface increased the survivability of the subprojectile and was demonstrated with a launch package mass of 308.5 gm, yielding a useful mass fraction of 49%, Structural integrity of the subprojectile at a launch velocity of 2350 m/s was verified with an orthogonal flash X-ray image at the muzzle. C1 Inst Adv Technol, Austin, TX 78759 USA. RP Zielinski, AE (reprint author), ARL, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 347 EP 352 DI 10.1109/20.911852 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 418JC UT WOS:000167886300072 ER PT J AU Podlesak, TF Simon, FM Schneider, S AF Podlesak, TF Simon, FM Schneider, S TI Single shot and burst repetitive operation of thyristors for electric launch applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY APR 25-28, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol, USA DE action; charge; di/dt; solid state switching AB Electric gun applications require switches with simultaneous high peak currents, di/dt, and action capability, Reliable Pull voltage reversal hold-off ability within microseconds is needed under short circuit conditions and for some rotating machine applications. Silicon power devices can be made to meet these objectives, Thermal characteristics are the limiting factor; specifically, excessive power dissipation during commutation, inadequate conduction area, and a high thermal resistance from junction to sink. The development by Silicon Power Corporation (SPCO) of a 125 mm diameter symmetric thyristor which utilizes a unique compact package with decreased thermal resistance from junction to sink has addressed the thermal resistance problem and conduction area limitations, The development of the reversely switched dynistor (RSD), an asymmetric thyristor, by the Ioffe Institute in Russia, has addressed the commutation power dissipation problem by using a unique and highly interdigitated gate structure in the anode and a high current driver, This enhances plasma spreading, thus providing a faster rate of fall of voltage across the switch. If the voltage fall is significantly greater than the rate of rise of the current, then the commutation dissipation is negated and the power dissipation curve essentially follows the current pulse shape. Tests were conducted on both types of devices by discharging a low impedance pulse forming network (21 mF or 17 mF total capacitance) via the device under test into either a matched load or a short. Test peak current varied from 151 kA to 221 kA, Testing was performed, in the same test circuit as the 125 mm thyristor, on an 80 mm diameter RSD, The intent of this paper is to place in perspective the overall performance of these devices and the implications for future designs and applications. The implication of this work is that combining the design principles of both types of devices to the solution of the thermal limitations of thyristors could increase the peak current capability of a 2.5 kV 125 mm symmetric thyristor by a factor greater than 2 and the di/dt by an order of magnitude, Specifically, the thyristor should reliably switch, into a shorted load under repetitive conditions, a 0.5 ms duration pulse with a peak current of 400 kA and a di/dt of 25 kA/mus. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Red Bank, Red Bank, NJ 07701 USA. RP Podlesak, TF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 385 EP 388 DI 10.1109/20.911860 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 418JC UT WOS:000167886300080 ER PT J AU Singh, H Hummer, CR AF Singh, H Hummer, CR TI Advanced semiconductor switches for EM launchers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY APR 25-28, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol, USA DE coil gun; electromagnetic armor; rail gun; solid state switches AB Electric launchers of many types for various applications may be energized by switching pulses of variable magnitude and time from a pulsed alternator or a pulse forming network. In order to achieve the desired muzzle energy, the switches must withstand the action of the current pulse: the square of current integrated over time. Because of this requirement, high pressure spark gap switches and vacuum switches of various architectures have been utilized in most of the launcher development programs, Recent advances in semiconductor technology hold a promise of replacing these large and bulky switches with solid state switches which may become leading candidates for future combat systems applications. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory has been testing and evaluating solid state snitches of various types for several different applications. One type of semiconductor switch that was tested and evaluated is a thyristor that is 125 mm in diameter made by Silicon Power Corporation (SPCO), When a thyristor with this large diameter is turned on, it is necessary. to develop and spread plasma uniformly and quickly across the wafer. This will ensure that the current from the anode to the cathode is uniformly distributed, and not concentrated in local hot spots where an excessive current density. could cause over heating and damage. This plasma spread can be controlled by the design of the gate structure and the triggering technique. These devices had internal gate drivers. Thyristors with different gate structures were tested and compared, The experimental findings of the turn-on characteristics and the maximum current capabilities for each design will be presented, The status of futuristic wide band gap semiconductor switch technology will also be reviewed. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,TE, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Singh, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,TE, Bldg 120, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 394 EP 397 DI 10.1109/20.911862 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 418JC UT WOS:000167886300082 ER PT J AU Kathe, EL AF Kathe, EL TI Recoil considerations for railguns SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY APR 25-28, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol, USA DE mechanical shock isolation; railgun recoil; recoil tolerance; weapon system integration ID AMPERE; LAWS AB The firing of any gun, electromagnetic or otherwise, imparts substantial momentum to the launcher, and ultimately the weapon platform. The objectives of the future combat system program call for similar lethality to a current heavy tank on an extremely lightweight vehicle of nominally twenty tons. Prior experience with the M551 Sheridan, a light tank first put into production by the United States in 1966, raises concern that firing large caliber armaments from light vehicles may result in unacceptable crew discomfort and vehicular reaction during recoil. It is the purpose of this paper to provide a future combat system armament integration perspective for railgun recoil. C1 USA, Benet Labs, Waterlivet Arsenal, NY 12189 USA. RP Kathe, EL (reprint author), USA, Benet Labs, Bldg 115, Waterlivet Arsenal, NY 12189 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 425 EP 430 DI 10.1109/20.911869 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 418JC UT WOS:000167886300089 ER PT J AU Bayne, SB Portnoy, WM Hefner, AR AF Bayne, SB Portnoy, WM Hefner, AR TI MOS-gated thyristors (MCTs) for repetitive high power switching SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE high power; power semiconductor switching; reliability; repetitive pulsing AB Certain applications for pulse power require narrow, high current pulses for their implementation. This work was performed to determine if MOS controlled thyristors (MCTs) could be used for these applications. The MCTs were tested as discharge switches in a low inductance circuit delivering 1 mus pulses at currents between roughly 3 kA and 11kA, single shot and repetitively at 1, 10, and 50 Hz, Although up to 9000 switching events could be obtained, all the devices failed at some combination of current and repetition rate, Failure was attributed to termperature increases caused by average power dissipated in the thyristor during the switching sequence, A simulation was performed to confirm that the temperature rise was sufficient to account for failure. Considerable heat sinking, and perhaps a better thermal package, would be required before the MCT could be considered for pulse power applications. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bayne, SB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8993 J9 IEEE T POWER ELECTR JI IEEE Trans. Power Electron. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1109/63.903997 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 403ZZ UT WOS:000167074100015 ER PT J AU Warke, VG Krishnan, S Nambiar, MP Farber, DL Tsokos, GC Wong, HK AF Warke, VG Krishnan, S Nambiar, MP Farber, DL Tsokos, GC Wong, HK TI Identification of differentially expressed genes in human memory (CD45RO(+)) CD4(+) T lymphocytes SO IMMUNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS LA English DT Article ID ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA; TELOMERE LENGTH; CELL ACTIVATION; CUTTING EDGE; PROTEIN; NAIVE; CYTOKINES; RECEPTORS; TISSUE; CTLA-4 AB The precise nature and development of the memory (CD45RO(+)) CD4(+) T lymphocytes remain unknown. In this study, we analyzed differential gene expression of human memory CD4(+) T lymphocytes in relation to their naive counterparts. A suppression subtractive hybridization technique was used to isolate and clone differentially expressed genes in the memory subset with respect to the naive subset. We screened approximately 300 clones by dot blot analysis and sequenced 23 differentially expressed clones. GenBank sequence homology search showed that these clones included genes for transcription factors, enzymes and immunomodulatory molecules. Differential expression of a subset of these genes was further confirmed by RT-PCR and densitometric analysis revealed that they were expressed five to eightfold more in memory than naive CD4(+) T lymphocytes. Collectively, these results suggest that multiple genes with different functions contribute to the development of immunological memory in human T lymphocytes. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Wong, HK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Forest Glen Annex,Bldg 503, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0882-0139 J9 IMMUNOL INVEST JI Immunol. Invest. PY 2001 VL 30 IS 2 BP 87 EP 101 DI 10.1081/IMM-100104018 PG 15 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 449TT UT WOS:000169703800002 PM 11465674 ER PT B AU Dandekar, DP AF Dandekar, DP BE Chiba, A Tanimura, S Hokamoto, K TI Deformation of AD995 alumina under repeated plane shock wave loading SO IMPACT ENGINEERING AND APPLICATION, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Impact Engineering CY JUL 16-18, 2001 CL KUMAMOTO, JAPAN SP Kumamoto Univ, Shock Wave & Condensed Matter Res Ctr, Kumamoto Univ, Fac Engn, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Mat Sci, Japan Soc Technol Plast, Japan Explos Soc, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Minist Educ Culture Sports Sci & Technol, Kumamoto Int Convent Bureau DE shock Hugoniot; repeated shock; Hugoniot elastic limit; shear strength; strain rate; and alumina AD995 AB This paper examines the effect of a pre-shocked ceramic on its initial shear strength through conducting repeated plane shock wave experiments. In this type of experiment, the change in the shear strength of a shocked ceramic is determined by subjecting it to a shock-release-reshock cycle. The nature of this experiment is similar to one performed at quasi-static loading condition. Preliminary results of such experiments performed on an aluminum oxide, known as AD995, indicate that the magnitude of shear strength of AD995 under the initial shock is retained when subjected to a subsequent shock following the release of the initial shock for impact stresses less than 11 GPa. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Dandekar, DP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043968-3 PY 2001 BP 785 EP 790 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV14E UT WOS:000177934200124 ER PT S AU Bruno, JD Yang, RQ Bradshaw, JL Pham, JT Wortman, DE AF Bruno, JD Yang, RQ Bradshaw, JL Pham, JT Wortman, DE BE Maust, LJ Martinelli, RU TI Mid-IR interband cascade lasers: Progress toward high performance SO IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers V CY JAN 22-23, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; II QUANTUM-WELLS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; POWER EFFICIENCY; HEAT-SINKING; HETEROSTRUCTURES AB Type-II interband cascade (IC) lasers take advantage of the broken-gap alignment in type-H quantum wells to reuse electrons for sequential photon emissions from serially connected active regions. Here, we review our recent progress in InAs GaInSb type-H IC lasers at emission wavelengths of 3.6-4 tm. These semiconductor lasers have exhibited significantly higher differential quantum efficiencies and peak powers than previously reported. Low threshold current densities (e.g., similar to 56 A/cm(2) at 80 K) and power efficiency exceeding 14% were observed from mesa-stripe lasers when operated in cw mode. Also, these lasers were able to operate at temperatures up to similar to 252 K in pulsed mode and similar to 142 K in cw mode. We observed slope efficiencies exceeding 1 W/A/facet, corresponding to a differential external quantum efficiency exceeding 600%, from devices at temperatures above 80 K. A peak output power of similar to 6 W/facet was observed from an IC laser at 80 K. C1 USA, Res Labs, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Bruno, JD (reprint author), USA, Res Labs, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3965-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4287 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1117/12.429783 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BS69Z UT WOS:000170897900003 ER PT J AU Reckseidler, SL DeShazer, D Sokol, PA Woods, DE AF Reckseidler, SL DeShazer, D Sokol, PA Woods, DE TI Detection of bacterial virulence genes by subtractive hybridization: Identification of capsular polysaccharide of Burkholderia pseudomallei as a major virulence determinant SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE O-ANTIGENS; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI K5; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PSEUDOMONAS-PSEUDOMALLEI; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; PROTEIN; CLONING AB Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis, is responsible for a broad spectrum of illnesses in humans and animals particularly in Southeast Asia and northern Australia, where it is endemic. Burkholderia thailandensis is a nonpathogenic environmental organism closely related to B. pseudomallei. Subtractive hybridization was carried out between these two species to identify genes encoding virulence determinants in B. pseudomallei. Screening of the subtraction library revealed A-T-rich DNA sequences unique to B. pseudomallei, suggesting they may have been acquired by horizontal transfer. One of the subtraction clones, pDD1015, encoded a protein with homology to a glycosyltransferase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This gene was insertionally inactivated in wild-type B. pseudomallei to create SR1015. It was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoelectron microscopy that the inactivated gene was involved in the production of a major surface polysaccharide. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) for wild-type B. pseudomallei is <10 CFU; the LD50 for SR1015 was determined to be 3.5 x 10(5) CFU, similar to that of B. thailandensis (6.8 x 10(5) CFU). DNA sequencing of the region flanking the glycosyltransferase gene revealed open reading frames similar to capsular polysaccharide genes in Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, and Neisseria meningitidis. In addition, DNA from Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia stabilis hybridized to a glycosyltransferase fragment probe, and a capsular structure was identified on the surface of B. stabilis via immunoelectron microscopy. Thus, the combination of PCR-based subtractive hybridization, insertional inactivation, and animal virulence studies has facilitated the identification of an important virulence determinant in B. pseudomallei. C1 Univ Calgary, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Woods, DE (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, 3330 Hosp Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. NR 59 TC 170 Z9 179 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 69 IS 1 BP 34 EP 44 DI 10.1128/IAI.69.1.34-44.2001 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 384LF UT WOS:000165943500005 PM 11119486 ER PT J AU Kurtis, JD Mtalib, R Onyango, FK Duffy, PE AF Kurtis, JD Mtalib, R Onyango, FK Duffy, PE TI Human resistance to Plasmodium falciparum increases during puberty and is predicted by dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID SEX-HORMONES; MALARIA; IMMUNITY; AGE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TESTOSTERONE; CYTOTOXICITY; PROTECTION; CYTOKINES; VACCINES AB Immunity to Plasmodium falciparum develops slowly in areas of endemicity, and this is often ascribed to poorly immunogenic or highly variant parasite antigens, However, among populations newly exposed to malaria, adults acquire immunity more rapidly than children. We examined the relationship between pubertal development and resistance to P. falciparum, During two transmission seasons in western Kenya, we treated the same cohort of young males to eradicate P. falciparum and then obtained blood smears each week for 4 months. We determined pubertal development by Tanner staging and by levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and testosterone in plasma. In multivariate and age-stratified analyses, we examined the effect of pubertal development on resistance to malaria. In both seasons (:n = 248 and 144 volunteers, respectively), older males were less susceptible than younger males. Age-related decreases in the frequency and density of parasitemia were greatest during puberty (15- to 20-year-olds). DHEAS and testosterone were significant independent predictors of resistance to P, falciparum parasitemia, even after accounting for the effect of age. Fifteen- to 20-year-old males with high DHEAS levels had a 72% lower mean parasite density (P < 0.01) than individuals with low DHEAS levels. Similarly, 21- to 35-year-old males with high DHEAS levels had a 92% lower mean parasite density (P < 0.001) and 48% lower frequency of parasitemia (P < 0.05) than individuals with low DHEAS levels. These data suggest that the long period needed to attain full immunity could be explained as a consequence of host development rather than as the requirement to recognize variant or poorly immunogenic parasite antigens. C1 Kenya Med Res Inst, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Duffy, PE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Bldg 503,Rm 3W53,503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 34 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 69 IS 1 BP 123 EP 128 DI 10.1128/IAI.69.1.123-128.2001 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 384LF UT WOS:000165943500016 PM 11119497 ER PT J AU Pless, DD Torres, ER Reinke, EK Bavari, S AF Pless, DD Torres, ER Reinke, EK Bavari, S TI High-affinity, protective antibodies to the binding domain of botulinum neurotoxin type A SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; TOXIN; TETANUS; VACCINATION; SEROTYPE; FRAGMENT AB Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were prepared against the putative binding domain of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A), a nontoxic 50-kDa fragment. Initially, all fusion products were screened against the holotoxin BoNT/A and against the binding fragment, BoNT/A H-C. Eleven neutralizing hybridomas were cloned, and their specific binding to BoNT/A H-C was demonstrated by surface plasmon resonance, with dissociation constants ranging from 0.9 to <0.06 nM. Epitope mapping by real-time surface plasmon resonance showed that the antibodies bound to at least two distinct regions of the BoNT/A H-C fragment. These MAbs will be useful tools for studying BoNT/A interactions with its receptor, and they have potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Cell Biol & Biochem, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bavari, S (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Cell Biol & Biochem, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 19 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 69 IS 1 BP 570 EP 574 DI 10.1128/IAI.69.1.570-574.2001 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 384LF UT WOS:000165943500074 PM 11119555 ER PT S AU Moyer, S Driggers, RG Vollmerhausen, R Krapels, K AF Moyer, S Driggers, RG Vollmerhausen, R Krapels, K BE Holst, GC TI Target identification performance as a function of spurious response: Aliasing with respect to the half sample rate SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XII CY APR 18-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sampling; target acquisition; electro-optics performance modeling ID TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE; RECOGNITION; IMAGERS AB The sampling limitations associated with focal plane array (FPA) imagers cause an aliased signal that corrupts the image. The aliased signal is a function of pre-sample blur, sampling frequency, and post-blur or image reconstruction. Previous experiments at the U.S. Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) have quantified the effect of aliasing on the task of infrared target identification, Based on data from these experiments, the MTF Squeeze model was developed. The degraded performance due to under-sampling was modeled as an increase in system blur or, equivalently, a contraction or "squeeze" in the MTF. This paper describes the results of numerous sampling experiments. The latest experiment relates the degradation in infrared target identification (ID) performance to the location and quantity of spurious response, or aliased signal, in the frequency domain. The spurious response locations are in-band, mid-band, and out-of-band relative to the half sample rate. The levels of spurious response are 0, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 for the identification task. An additional out-of-band spurious response experiment increases the level to 0.7. A number of integrated metrics of the sampled imager response function are then considered as descriptions for contraction, or "MTF Squeeze," functions. These functions are applied to a wealth of historical sampling experiments that were conducted at NVESD over the past three years. We maintain that in-band aliasing has little effect on target identification and we refine the measures of degradation seen for out-of-band aliasing. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Moyer, S (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4067-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4372 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1117/12.439161 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BT73P UT WOS:000173898400007 ER PT S AU Devitt, N Driggers, RG Vollmerhausen, R Moyer, S Krapels, K O'Connor, J AF Devitt, N Driggers, RG Vollmerhausen, R Moyer, S Krapels, K O'Connor, J BE Holst, GC TI Target recognition performance as a function of sampling SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XII CY APR 18-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sampling; target acquisition; electro-optics performance modeling AB The effect of sampling, or aliasing, on target recognition performance (discriminating between armored tracked, armored wheeled, and soft wheeled classes of tactical vehicles) is investigated in this research. A recognition target set was processed with various levels of blur and aliasing. Integrated spurious response levels were set to 0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9. A perception experiment was conducted with U.S. Army soldiers at Ft. Benning, Georgia to determine the impact of blur and aliasing on recognition performance. The results are described in this paper. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Devitt, N (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4067-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4372 BP 74 EP 84 DI 10.1117/12.439142 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BT73P UT WOS:000173898400009 ER PT S AU English, JE White, RO AF English, JE White, RO BE Holst, GC TI Semi-Active Laser (SAL) last pulse logic Infrared Imaging Seeker SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XII CY APR 18-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE semi-active laser; infrared imaging; focal plane array; PIN; photodiode; multi-spectral; detector; staring FPA; spatial-temporal correlation; I2R imaging seeker; spatial-temporal algorithm AB The Semi-Active Laser (SAL) / Infrared Imaging ((IR)-R-2) Seeker concept consists of utilizing a small single Silicon PIN Photodiode detector in conjunction with a staring midwave infrared focal plane array (FPA) and correlating the temporal laser returns obtained from the PIN detector with the spatial laser returns obtained from the FPA. The correlation of the spatial-temporal returns will allow identification of the correct laser return on the FPA. Once the correct laser return is identified, the seeker can position a track gate about the designated target identified by the correct laser return and generate guidance commands to guide a missile to a target. The concept will enable SAL, (IR)-R-2, or SAL/ (IR)-R-2 (simultaneous) processing to be accomplished. Guidance commands will be generated with the FPA detector only, using the multispectral data. Analysis was done in FY-97 to prove the feasibility of the concept and an algorithm was developed to correlate the spatial - temporal returns, which would enable the identification of the correct laser return on the FPA. In FY - 98 two field tests were conducted to prove the SAL/ (IR)-R-2 concept. These tests were conducted at Redstone Arsenal. The hardware, consisted of a Mercury-Cadmium-Telluride (MCT) 256x256 element FPA, filter with a pass band at 1.06 microns and 3.5 - 5.5 microns, laboratory dewar, control/interface electronics, slightly less than a 3 inch collecting aperture, and a SAL Seeker to simulate the single PIN detector / temporal functions. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP English, JE (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4067-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4372 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.1117/12.439147 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BT73P UT WOS:000173898400014 ER PT S AU Jacobs, E Cha, J Krapels, K Hodgkin, V AF Jacobs, E Cha, J Krapels, K Hodgkin, V BE Holst, GC TI Assessment of 3-D noise methodology for thermal sensor simulation SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XII CY APR 18-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD); simulation; noise AB An approach to determining the fidelity of synthetic noise based on the NVESD 3-D noise methodology is introduced. After reviewing the theory of 3-D noise analysis, three methods for the generation of synthetic noise are outlined: power spectrum matching, physical noise modeling, and 3-D noise parameter inversion. Real and synthetic noise samples from a staring thermal sensor were analyzed using a 3-D noise analysis. A series of simulated minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) experiments using real and synthetic noise were also conducted. Results from the analysis and the MRTD indicate that modifications to the 3-D noise parameter inversion method could provide a more accurate match to real MRTDs. In addition, the MRTD method used in this research could be used to quantify the relative impact of each component of the 3-D noise model. C1 USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Jacobs, E (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd,Suite 430, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4067-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4372 BP 154 EP 161 DI 10.1117/12.439150 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BT73P UT WOS:000173898400017 ER PT S AU Driggers, RG Krapels, K Vollmerhausen, R Warren, P Scribner, D Howard, G Tsou, BH Krebs, WK AF Driggers, RG Krapels, K Vollmerhausen, R Warren, P Scribner, D Howard, G Tsou, BH Krebs, WK BE Holst, GC TI Target detection threshold in noisy color imagery SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XII CY APR 18-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE target acquisition; modeling; color AB Current target acquisition models are for monochrome imagery systems (single detector). The increasing interest in multi-spectral infrared systems and color daylight imagers highlights the need for models that describe the target acquisition process for color systems (2 or more detectors). This study investigates the detection of simple color targets in a noisy color background. Color targets are varied separately either in hue or saturation. Noise is created with a mixture of random hue and saturation combinations, Our preliminary result showed a simple two-color (yellow-blue) representation did not improve the standard black-and-white Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference sensitivity. Subsequent psychophysical experiments reveal that human hue and saturation discriminations interact (the Abney effect) and need to be separated in color target detection modeling. Research is continuing to better define the mathematical relationship between the target acquisition parameters (e.g., temperature difference or intensity contrast) and the color space of hue and saturation. RP Driggers, RG (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4067-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4372 BP 162 EP 169 DI 10.1117/12.439152 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BT73P UT WOS:000173898400018 ER PT S AU Krapels, K Driggers, RG Vollmerhausen, RH Tofsted, DH AF Krapels, K Driggers, RG Vollmerhausen, RH Tofsted, DH BE Holst, GC TI Atmospheric effects in infrared target acquisition modeling SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XII CY APR 18-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE target acquisition; turbulence; atmosphere; performance modeling ID PROPAGATION AB The development of ultra-narrow field of view (UNFOV) infrared target acquisition (TA) systems, and the development of range-gated laser illuminated short-wave infrared (SWIR) imagers has increased the importance of accounting for atmospheric affects in TA models. The performance of these systems are frequently limited by the atmosphere, instead of the camera resolution or sensitivity characteristics. First generation and second generation FLIRs were less susceptible to atmospheric limitations due both to their standard operating method and relative lower resolution. The approach taken to the atmosphere's contribution to TA modeling has been incremental and systematic. The current TA model, NVTherm, includes signal attenuation by the atmosphere. The fidelity of this model has been improved by adding a MODTRAN module and calculation of spectrally weighted transmissions. The Fall 2001 release of the model will include a linear shift invariant (LSI) MTF for atmospheric turbulence blur that was verified from field-testing last year. Additionally, it will include the effects of turbulence distortion on observer performance developed from perception experiments conducted this month. This paper discusses the model's atmospheric components, past efforts to validate a turbulence blur model, current efforts to model turbulence distortion effects, and intended future work to include additional atmospheric effects. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Krapels, K (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4067-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4372 BP 182 EP 193 DI 10.1117/12.439154 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BT73P UT WOS:000173898400020 ER PT S AU Edwards, TC Vollmerhausen, R AF Edwards, TC Vollmerhausen, R BE Holst, GC TI Use of synthetic imagery in target detection model improvement SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XII CY APR 18-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE synthetic imagery; target detection; search; target acquisition AB Perception tests have been performed by Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) addressing the process of searching an image with the intent of detecting a target of military importance. The imagery used in the experiments was generated using NVESD's Paint-the-Night (PTN) thermal image simulation. The use of PTN simulation permits the same scene and target to be viewed with different sensor characteristics (such as resolution, noise and sampling). This allows the isolation of single variables in an experimental environment and the evaluations of their effect on probability of detection. Typical first and second generation FLIR sensor effects were applied to each of 100 synthetic images resulting in an experimental data set with identical thermal signatures and sensor fields of view. Experimental results are presented and the advantages of using synthetic imagery to evaluate differences in sensor resolution, noise, and other characteristics are discussed. C1 USA, Commun & Elect Command, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Edwards, TC (reprint author), USA, Commun & Elect Command, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4067-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4372 BP 194 EP 205 DI 10.1117/12.439155 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BT73P UT WOS:000173898400021 ER PT S AU Berger, H Rand, RS AF Berger, H Rand, RS BE Strojnik, M Andresen, BF TI New physical understanding of a type of idealized scattering and the implications of the method of solution used SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing Conference CY AUG 01-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, NASA, Langley Res Ctr DE integro-differential equation; 2nd order differential equation; radiative transfer; Chandrasekhar's method; evanescent waves; annihilation operator; nonlinear integro-differential equation AB We present a new point of view for investigating radiative transfer problems by showing it involves the scattering of traveling evanescent waves. Its accuracy is demonstrated by applying it to a solved problem whose solution was published by Chandrasekhar. He determined it with a conventional method and we bolster confidence in our method by showing how the new method produces the same analytical answer. The new technique converts the 95-year-old, usually difficult to solve, integro-differential equation formulation of radiative transfer into a less formidable "pure" differential equation formulation, consisting here in a mixture of ordinary and partial derivatives, and solves that. This paper focuses on a single class of cases. It also demonstrates suprising success at solving a narrowly defined class of nonlinear radiative transfer problems initially expressed as a nonlinear integro-differential equation. But it is remarkable that a closed-form analytical solution could he obtained for what starts out as a nonlinear integro-differential equation formulation of the radiative transport problem. C1 Topog Engn Ctr, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Corps Engineers, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Berger, H (reprint author), Topog Engn Ctr, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Corps Engineers, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4200-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4486 BP 308 EP 318 AR UNSP 4486-29 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BU15K UT WOS:000175162700028 ER PT S AU Horn, S Campbell, J Driggers, R Soyka, T Norton, P Perconti, P Ostromek, TE Estrera, JP Bacarella, A Beystrum, T Scribner, D Warren, P AF Horn, S Campbell, J Driggers, R Soyka, T Norton, P Perconti, P Ostromek, TE Estrera, JP Bacarella, A Beystrum, T Scribner, D Warren, P BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Strojnik, M TI Fused reflected/emitted light sensors SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXVII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Technology and Applications XXVII Conference CY APR 16-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB Fusion of reflected/emitted radiation light sensors can provide significant advantages for target identification and detection. The two bands-0.6-0.9 or 1-2 mum reflected light and 8-12 gm emitted radiation-offer the greatest contrast since those bands have the lowest correlation, hence the greatest amount of combined information for infrared imaging. Data from fused imaging systems is presented for optical overlay as well as digital pixel fusion. Advantages of the digital fusion process are discussed as well as the advantages of having both bands present for military operations. Finally perception tests results are presented that show how color can significantly enhance target detection, A factor of two reduction in minimum resolvable temperature difference is postulated from perception tests in the chromaticity plane. Although initial results do not yet validate this finding, it is expected with the right fusion algorithms and displays that this important result will be proven shortly. C1 USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Horn, S (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd,Suite 430, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4064-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4369 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1117/12.445276 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT65A UT WOS:000173642200001 ER PT S AU Horn, S Lohrmann, D Campbell, J Perconti, P Balcerack, R AF Horn, S Lohrmann, D Campbell, J Perconti, P Balcerack, R BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Strojnik, M TI Uncooled IR technology and applications SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXVII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Technology and Applications XXVII Conference CY APR 16-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB Uncooled infrared cameras have made dramatic strides recently. Very low cost, lightweight, low power cameras have been built. Also low cost high performance uncooled cameras have been built. A discussion of this technology to make this happen and the resulting new applications will follow. C1 USA, Commun & Elect Command, Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Night Vis & Electron Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Horn, S (reprint author), USA, Commun & Elect Command, Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Night Vis & Electron Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4064-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4369 BP 210 EP 221 DI 10.1117/12.445289 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT65A UT WOS:000173642200022 ER PT S AU Goldberg, AC Kennerly, SW Little, JW Pollehn, HK Shafer, TA Mears, CL Schaake, HF Winn, M Taylor, M Uppal, PN AF Goldberg, AC Kennerly, SW Little, JW Pollehn, HK Shafer, TA Mears, CL Schaake, HF Winn, M Taylor, M Uppal, PN BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Strojnik, M TI Comparison of HgCdTe and QWIP dual-band focal plane arrays SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXVII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Technology and Applications XXVII Conference CY APR 16-20, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE dual-band; infrared; quantum well; HgCdTe; focal plane array; compare ID WELL INFRARED DETECTORS; PHOTOCONDUCTIVE GAIN AB We report on results of laboratory and field tests of dual-band MWIR/LWIR focal plane arrays (FPAs) produced under the Army Research Laboratory's Multidomain Smart Sensor Federated Laboratory program. The FPAs were made by DRS Infrared Technologies using the HgCdTe material system and by BAE Systems using QWIP technology. The HgCdTe array used the DRS HDVIP(TM) process to bond two single-color detector structures to a 640x480-pixel single-color read-out integrated circuit (ROIC) to produce a dual-band 320x240 pixel array. The MWIR and LWIR pixels are co-located and have a high fill factor. The images from each band maybe read out either sequentially (alternating frames) or simultaneously. The alternating frame approach must be used to produce optimal imagery in both bands under normal background conditions. The QWIP FPA was produced using MBE-grown III-V materials. The LWIR section consisted of GaAs quantum wells and AlGaAs barriers and the MWIR section used InGaAs quantum wells with AlGaAs barriers. The detector arrays were processed with three ohmic contacts for each pixel allowing for independent bias control over both the MWIR and LWIR sections. The arrays were indium bump-bonded to an ROIC (specifically designed for two color operation) which puts out the imagery from both bands simultaneously. The ROIC has variable gain and windowing capabilities. Both FPAs were tested under similar ambient conditions with similar optical components. The FPAs were subjected to a standard series of laboratory performance tests. The relative advantages and disadvantages of the two material systems for producing medium format dual-band FPAs are discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Goldberg, AC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4064-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4369 BP 532 EP 546 DI 10.1117/12.445313 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT65A UT WOS:000173642200060 ER PT J AU Zakar, E Polcawich, R Dubey, M Piekarski, B McLane, G Conrad, J Piekarz, R Wickenden, D Champion, J D'Amico, W Hollis, MSL McMullen, K Porter, D AF Zakar, E Polcawich, R Dubey, M Piekarski, B McLane, G Conrad, J Piekarz, R Wickenden, D Champion, J D'Amico, W Hollis, MSL McMullen, K Porter, D TI Fabrication and testing of a PZT thin film high-pressure sensor SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 11-14, 2001 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO SP aixACCT, Aixtron, Panasonic, Ramtron, Symetrix, Int Journal Integraded Ferroelect DE sensor; pressure; PZT; sol-gel; piezoelectric; MEMS AB A thin film pressure sensor was fabricated and tested to a high pressure of 40,000 psi. The MEMS fabrication process utilized a 0.5 mum film of sol-gel deposited PZT (PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3) and platinum metallization for the top and bottom electrodes. The sensor was mounted on a customized stainless steel housing and placed into a high-pressure vessel for both calibration and testing. The sensor responded non-linearly to the applied pressure and generated a charge of 202 pico coulombs at the maximum tested pressure of 40,000 psi. The shape and configuration of the Pt/PZT/Pt structure has been redesigned to correct for the non-linear response and to increase the charge output of the device. C1 USA, Res Lab, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Gen Tech Serv, Wall Township, NJ 07719 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EC 3 Inc, Yuma Proving Ground, AZ 85366 USA. RP Zakar, E (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2001 VL 41 IS 1-4 BP 1781 EP 1788 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 508BJ UT WOS:000173067100015 ER PT J AU McLane, G Polcawich, R Pulskamp, J Piekarski, B Dubey, M Zakar, E Conrad, J Piekarz, R Ervin, M Wood, M AF McLane, G Polcawich, R Pulskamp, J Piekarski, B Dubey, M Zakar, E Conrad, J Piekarz, R Ervin, M Wood, M TI Reactive ion etching of sol-gel deposited lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films in SF6 plasmas SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 11-14, 2001 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO SP aixACCT, Aixtron, Panasonic, Ramtron, Symetrix, Int Journal Integraded Ferroelect DE lead zirconate titanate; reactive ion etching ID PB(ZRXTI1-X)O-3; PBZR1-XTIXO3; CAPACITORS; GAS AB Sol-gel deposited lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric thin films were reactive ion etched in SF6 plasmas. Etch rates increased approximately linearly with cathode power, reaching 65 nm/min at 300 W. Etch rate was independent of SF6 flow rate but increased as pressure was reduced, indicating an etch process that is dependent on ion-induced mechanisms. Photoresist masks could be removed subsequent to etching, but mask erosion led to gradually sloped sidewalls. Use of Pt masks provided for anisotropic etching with vertical sidewalls and smooth etched surfaces. C1 Gen Tech Serv, Wall Township, NJ 07719 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP McLane, G (reprint author), Gen Tech Serv, Wall Township, NJ 07719 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1-4 BP 397 EP 404 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 508BB UT WOS:000173066400009 ER PT S AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE BE Brandt, HE TI Nonlinear force on an unpolarized test particle in a nonequilibrium relativistic beam-plasma system SO INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intense Microwave Pulses VIII CY APR 17-18, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE bremsstrahlung; relativistic electron beams; radiative instability; beam-plasma systems; plasma turbulence ID BREMSSTRAHLUNG RECOIL FORCE; DYNAMIC POLARIZATION CHARGE AB For a nonequilibrium relativistic beam-plasma system, an expression is derived for the time-average force acting on an unpolarized relativistic test particle, calculated to second order in the total electromagnetic field. This relation is useful in calculations of the conditions for the possible occurence of a collective bremsstrahlung radiative instability. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4066-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4371 BP 78 EP 87 DI 10.1117/12.436937 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BT28P UT WOS:000172533900009 ER PT J AU Darby, RT Simmons, EG Wiley, BJ AF Darby, RT Simmons, EG Wiley, BJ TI A survey of fungi in a military aircraft fuel supply system (Reprinted) SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Reprint AB More than thirty fungi were classified into four groups according to their ability to grow or not in the fuel. Over twenty-three isolates grew. C1 USA, Natick Labs, Pioneering Res Lab, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Darby, RT (reprint author), USA, Natick Labs, Pioneering Res Lab, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 2001 VL 48 IS 1-4 BP 159 EP 161 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(01)00078-6 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 498EC UT WOS:000172496000020 ER PT J AU Cowings, PS Kellar, MA Folen, RA Toscano, WB Burge, JD AF Cowings, PS Kellar, MA Folen, RA Toscano, WB Burge, JD TI Autogenic feedback training exercise and pilot performance: Enhanced functioning under search-and-rescue flying conditions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOTION SICKNESS; STRESS; ACCIDENTS AB Studies have shown that autonomous mode behavior is one cause of aircraft fatalities due to pilot error. In such cases, the pilot is in a high state of psychological and physiological arousal and tends to focus on one problem, while ignoring more critical information. This study examined the effect of training in physiological self-recognition and regulation, as a means of improving crew cockpit performance. Seventeen pilots were assigned to the treatment and control groups matched for accumulated flight hours. The treatment group contained 4 pilots from HC-130 Hercules aircraft and 4 HH-65 Dolphin helicopter pilots; the control group contained 3 pilots of HC-130s and 6 helicopter pilots. During an initial flight, physiological data were recorded on each crewmember and an instructor pilot rated individual crew performance. Eight crewmembers were then taught to regulate their own physiological response levels using Autogenic-Feedback Training Exercise (AFTE). The remaining participants received no training. During a second flight, treatment participants showed significant improvement in performance (rated by the same instructor pilot as in pretests) while controls did not improve. The results indicate that AFTE management of high states of physiological arousal may improve pilot performance during emergency flying conditions. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Psychol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Cowings, PS (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SLR 239-16, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2001 VL 11 IS 3 BP 303 EP 315 DI 10.1207/S15327108IJAP1103_04 PG 13 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 469YU UT WOS:000170844300004 PM 12033232 ER PT J AU Jackson, KE AF Jackson, KE TI Impact testing and simulation of a crashworthy composite fuselage concept SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRASHWORTHINESS LA English DT Article AB A composite fuselage concept for light aircraft and rotorcraft has been developed to provide improved crash protection. The fuselage consists of a relatively rigid upper section, or passenger cabin, including a stiff structural floor and a frangible lower section which encloses the crash energy management structure. A 60-in. diameter full-scale fuselage section was manufactured using a composite sandwich construction. Vertical drop tests were conducted at both 0 degrees- and 15 degrees -roll impact attitudes to evaluate the crashworthy features of the fuselage design. The experimental data are correlated with predictions from a finite element model developed using the non-linear, explicit transient dynamic code, MSC.Dytran. C1 USA, Langley Res Ctr, Vehicle Technol Directorate, NASA,Res Lab, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Jackson, KE (reprint author), USA, Langley Res Ctr, Vehicle Technol Directorate, NASA,Res Lab, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LIMITED PI LETCHWORTH PA BLACKHORSE RD, LETCHWORTH SG6 1HN, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1358-8265 J9 INT J CRASHWORTHINES JI Int. J. Crashworthiness PY 2001 VL 6 IS 1 BP 107 EP 121 DI 10.1533/cras.2001.0166 PG 15 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 425FL UT WOS:000168280000009 ER PT J AU Fasanella, EL Boitnott, RL Lyle, KH Jackson, KE AF Fasanella, EL Boitnott, RL Lyle, KH Jackson, KE TI Full-scale crash test and simulation of a composite helicopter SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRASHWORTHINESS LA English DT Article AB A finite element model of the Sikorsky Advanced Composite Airframe Program (ACAP) helicopter was developed using the non-linear, explicit transient dynamic code. MSC.Dytran. Analytical predictions were correlated with experimental data obtained from a full-scale crash test of the Sikorsky ACAP helicopter flight test article that was conducted in June 1999 at the Impact Dynamics Research Facility of NASA Langley Research Centre, Hampton, Virginia, USA. The helicopter was impacted at 11.58 m/s vertical and 9.9-m/s forward velocity with an attitude of 6.25 degrees pitch (nose up) and 3.5 degrees left roll. Due to the relatively long crash pulse duration. a rigid-body helicopter model with an energy absorbing landing gear model was executed initially. Prior to fuselage contact. a deformable structural model was executed with the rigid-body nodal displacements and velocities used as initial conditions. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Vehicle Technol Directorate, USA,Res Lab, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Fasanella, EL (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Vehicle Technol Directorate, USA,Res Lab, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LIMITED PI LETCHWORTH PA BLACKHORSE RD, LETCHWORTH SG6 1HN, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1358-8265 J9 INT J CRASHWORTHINES JI Int. J. Crashworthiness PY 2001 VL 6 IS 4 BP 485 EP 498 DI 10.1533/cras.2001.0192 PG 14 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 490KN UT WOS:000172051200003 ER PT J AU Cordes, JA AF Cordes, JA TI Predicting the fatigue cycles on aluminum panels SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE fatigue; aluminum; finite element method; damage; crack growth rate; life prediction ID ELASTIC-PLASTIC FRACTURE AB A finite element method was developed and used to predict fatigue crack growth in thin, middle-cracked panels. Fatigue cycles were calculated from predicted fracture toughness, a predicted R-curve point, and the dissipated plastic energy under a fatigue load. Experimental fracture and fatigue parameters were not required. The method worked best when crack closure did not occur. A plot of the dissipated plastic energy Versus crack growth showed which fatigue cases had partial closure and which would provide good results. Smooth fatigue energy curves resulted in predicted fatigue cycles within 10% of the number of experimental cycles. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, TACOM, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Cordes, JA (reprint author), USA, TACOM, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD JAN PY 2001 VL 23 IS 1 BP 5 EP 12 DI 10.1016/S0142-1123(00)00073-6 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 390UX UT WOS:000166316400002 ER PT J AU Scheidler, M Wright, TW AF Scheidler, M Wright, TW TI A continuum framework for finite viscoplasticity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE constitutive behaviour; elastic-viscoplastic material; finite strain; anisotropic material; thermodynamics ID INELASTIC BEHAVIOR; STORED ENERGY; ELASTOPLASTICITY; PLASTICITY; TENSORS; METALS; STRESS; DEFORMATIONS; MECHANICS; PRESSURE AB A continuum framework for finite viscoplasticity is developed based on Lee's multiplicative decomposition with internal variables. Noteworthy features include a thermodynamically consistent treatment of the storage of cold work and plastic volume change and a careful examination of the restrictions imposed by the entropy inequality and the property of instantaneous thermoelastic response. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Scheidler, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 60 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2001 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1033 EP 1085 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(00)00080-2 PG 53 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 456TY UT WOS:000170099400002 ER PT J AU Bochenek, GM Ragusa, JM Malone, LC AF Bochenek, GM Ragusa, JM Malone, LC TI Integrating virtual 3-D display systems into product design reviews: some insights from empirical testing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE virtual environments; virtual reality; product design reviews; product design and development; 3-D visual displays; empirical testing; stereoscopic displays; cross-functional teams AB The infusion of virtual three-dimensional (3-D) display systems into the product design and development process has intrigued researchers and practitioners in recent years. However, the variety of commercially available devices has complicated system selection and use for this application. This paper presents results of a study designed to determine if virtual display systems contribute to cross-functional team collaboration during product design reviews. The research conducted at a US Army design facility investigates design team use of virtual environments (VEs) for evaluation of a new armoured vehicle-refuelling concept. Study results indicated that teams detect more design errors when using stereoscopic glasses or conventional monoscopic cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor systems, they detect design errors faster using a head mounted display (HMD), and no differences were found for the time to resolve identified design problems. Subjective perceptions and preferences data analyses indicated that HMD and CRT monitor systems were liked best. C1 USA, Natl Automot Ctr, Warren, MI USA. Univ Cent Florida, Coll Engn, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Bochenek, GM (reprint author), USA, Natl Automot Ctr, Warren, MI USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA AEROPORT PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG 110 AVE LOUSIS CASAI CP 306, CH-1215 GENEVA AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND SN 0267-5730 J9 INT J TECHNOL MANAGE JI Int. J. Technol. Manage. PY 2001 VL 21 IS 3-4 BP 340 EP 352 DI 10.1504/IJTM.2001.002917 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 408UR UT WOS:000167346300011 ER PT J AU Reddy, TV Olson, GR Wiechmann, B Reddy, G Torsella, JA Daniel, FB Leach, GJ AF Reddy, TV Olson, GR Wiechmann, B Reddy, G Torsella, JA Daniel, FB Leach, GJ TI Chronic toxicity of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene in Fischer 344 rats SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 01-05, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Soc Toxicol DE alpha-2 mu-globulin; chronic toxicity; Fischer-344 rat; methemoglobin; 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene ID ALPHA-2U-GLOBULIN; NEPHROPATHY; CHEMICALS; NEOPLASMS AB The chronic toxicity of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) in male and female Fischer 344 (F344) rats was evaluated by feeding a diet containing 0, 5, 60, and 300 ppm of TNB for 2 years, The calculated average TNB intake over 2 Sears for males and females was 0.22, 2.64, 13.43 and 0.23, 2.68, 13.31 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day respectively, Terminal body weights were decreased and water intake was increased in both sexes (300 ppm), whereas food consumption was decreased in males (60 and 300 ppm groups) only. The relative spleen weights were significantly decreased in both sexes (300 ppm), whereas the relative brain weights were increased in females only (300 ppm). Hematological effects were not observed in animals: killed at the 2-year time point, except significant decrease in the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in males (300 ppm) and in females (60 and 300 ppm). Methemoglobin levels were increased in both sexes in the high dose group. Histopathological examination showed treatment-related changes in the kidney (hyaline droplets; 60 and 300 ppm) and the spleen (erythroid cell hyperplasia and pigment deposition; 300 ppm) of both sexes. Cytoplasmic hyaline droplets in the kidneys were characterized by immunohistochemistry as alpha-2 mu -globulin. We propose a chronic, oral no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 2.68 mg/kg BW/day for TNB in the rat, based on the hematological and renal changes. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, MCHB TS THE, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Pathol Associates Int, W Chester, OH USA. RP Reddy, TV (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, MCHB TS THE, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PY 2001 VL 20 IS 2 BP 59 EP 67 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 429KU UT WOS:000168516800003 PM 11354467 ER PT J AU Arayasantiparb, D McKnight, S Libera, M AF Arayasantiparb, D McKnight, S Libera, M TI Epoxy infiltration into nanoporous aluminum oxide SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION LA English DT Article DE electron energy-loss spectroscopy; nanoporous aluminum oxide; DGEBA; PACM20; interphase; electron microscopy ID SURFACE TREATMENTS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SPECIMEN-THICKNESS; ANODIZED ALUMINUM; ADHESIVE BONDS; DURABILITY; INTERFACES; COATINGS; TITANIUM; BEHAVIOR AB This research uses spatially-resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to study epoxy infiltration into a nanoporous aluminum surface oxide. Imaging by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the oxide surface of an as-anodized aluminum wire consists of columnar nanopores with diameters ranging from approximately 5 - 150 nm. Anodized wires were embedded in a 100 g: 28 g mixture of DGEBA (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A) resin and PACM20 (bis(p-aminocyclohexyl)methane) curing agent followed by a two-step cure. Electron-transparent sections were cut by ultramicrotomy. Spatially-resolved carbon and oxygen EELS profiles from the oxide are anti-correlated indicating that oxide pore walls are separated by pore interiors containing epoxy. Spatially-resolved low-loss spectral data are transformed into a measure of apparent specimen thickness. Comparisons of such data with simulations based on experimentally derived oxide topologies indicate that the pores are fully filled. C1 Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biochem & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Libera, M (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biochem & Mat Engn, Castle Point Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8464 J9 J ADHESION JI J. Adhes. PY 2001 VL 76 IS 4 BP 353 EP 370 DI 10.1080/00218460108030726 PG 18 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 508EU UT WOS:000173076400004 ER PT J AU Zhong, ZK Sun, XZS Fang, XH Ratto, JA AF Zhong, ZK Sun, XZS Fang, XH Ratto, JA TI Adhesion strength of sodium dodecyl sulfate-modified soy protein to fiberboard SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soy proteins isolate; protein modification; fiberboard; thermal properties; rheological properties; adhesive strength; water resistance AB Thermal and rheological properties of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-modified soy protein isolate (SPI) adhesives were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheometry. The ordered structure of native SPI was denatured as SDS concentration increased, and thermal stability of native SPI decreased at high SDS concentration. The enthalpy of SPI denaturation decreased significantly with increasing SDS concentration. Apparent viscosity of the SPI adhesives increased as SIDS concentration increased. The SPI adhesives modified by high concentrations of SDS exhibited characteristics of a Newtonian-type flow, The SDS-modified SPI adhesives were applied to fiberboard, and effects of SIDS concentration, press conditions. and assembly time on bond strength were investigated. Shear strength of the SPI adhesives increased with SIDS concentration, reaching its maximum value at 3 wt% of SDS, and then decreased significantly. The shear strength increased as press time and/or press temperature increased. High press temperature (100 degreesC) and long press time (5 min) are needed to achieve relatively good adhesion properties. The shear strength also increased as assembly time increased. The shear strength of the SDS-modified SPI adhesives decreased after soaking in water for 24 h. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Sun, XZS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 8 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4243 J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1417 EP 1427 DI 10.1163/156856101753213277 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 495PU UT WOS:000172350200003 ER PT J AU Arayasantiparb, D McKnight, S Libera, M AF Arayasantiparb, D McKnight, S Libera, M TI Compositional variation within the epoxy/adherend interphase SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE interphase; aluminum oxide; PACM20/DGEBA; epoxy; electron energy-loss spectroscopy; electron microscopy ID POLYMER INTERFACES; SPECIMEN-THICKNESS; MICROSTRUCTURE; STOICHIOMETRY; LAYERS AB At a polymer-solid interface, an inorganic adherend may influence the structure and/or chemistry of the polymer in the near-interface region. This region between the adherend and the homogeneous polymer is referred to as the interphase. While there is general agreement that interphases exist, extensive debate revolves around the characteristic length scale of the interphase and its composition and structure. The present study examines the size and composition of the epoxy-aluminum interphase using spatially resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). Aliphatic bis(p-aminocyclohexyl)methane (PACM20) curing agent and aromatic diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy resin were selected as a model system. Spatially resolved pi - pi*, carbon, and thickness profiles were measured using EELS in the epoxy region immediately adjacent to the interface between the bulk epoxy and the nanoporous oxide on the aluminum adherend Surface. These profiles systematically show deviations in the spectral intensities characteristic of carbon and aromaticity over distances extending 90 +/- 15 nm from the oxide surface. Simulations of such data indicate that these fluctuations cannot be accounted for by variations in specimen thickness but rather result from changes in epoxy composition near the oxide surface. The results show that this epoxy-aluminum interphase is enriched in curing agent, as indicated by a gradual compositional change from 25 +/- 5 vol% PACM20 in the bulk epoxy to 80 +/- 15 vol% PACM20 at the epoxy/oxide interface. This chemical segregation may have important implications on the properties and performance of epoxy-aluminum adhesive joints. C1 Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biochem & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,MA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Libera, M (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biochem & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 9 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4243 J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1463 EP 1484 DI 10.1163/156856101753213312 PG 22 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 495PU UT WOS:000172350200007 ER PT J AU Jackson, KE Fasanella, EL Kellas, S AF Jackson, KE Fasanella, EL Kellas, S TI Development of a scale model composite fuselage concept for improved crashworthiness SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB A composite fuselage concept for light aircraft has been developed to provide improved crashworthiness. The fuselage consists of a relatively rigid upper section, or passenger cabin, including a stiff structural floor and a frangible lower section that encloses the crash energy management structure. The crashworthy performance of the fuselage concept was evaluated through impact testing of a one-fifth-scale model fuselage section. The impact design requirement for the scale model fuselage is to achieve a 125-g average poor-level acceleration for a 31-ft/s vertical impact onto a rigid surface. The energy absorption behavior of two different subfloor configurations was determined through quasi-static crushing tests. For the dynamic evaluation, each subfloor configuration was incorporated into a one-fifth-scale model fuselage section, which was dropped from a height of 15 ft to achieve a 31-ft/s vertical velocity at impact. The experimental data demonstrate that the fuselage section with a foam-block subfloor configuration satisfied the impact design requirement. A second drop test was performed to evaluate the energy absorption performance of the fuselage concept for an off-axis impact condition. The experimental data are correlated with analytical predictions from a finite element model developed using the nonlinear, explicit transient dynamic code MSC/DYTRAN. C1 USA, Res Lab, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. MRJ Technol Solut, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Jackson, KE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1 BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.2514/2.2739 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 402NG UT WOS:000166994500014 ER PT J AU Pritchard, J AF Pritchard, J TI Overview of landing gear dynamics SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID AIRCRAFT AB One problem facing the aircraft community is landing gear dynamics, especially shimmy and brake-induced vibration. Although neither shimmy nor brake-induced vibrations are usually catastrophic, they can lead to accidents due to excessive wear and shortened life of gear parts and contribute to pilot and passenger discomfort. Recently, NASA has initiated an effort to increase the safety of air travel by reducing the number of accidents by a factor of five in 10 years. This safety initiative has spurred an increased interest in improving landing gear design to minimize shimmy and brake-induced vibration, which are still largely misunderstood phenomena. To increase the understanding of these problems, a literature survey was performed. The major focus of this paper is to summarize work documented from the last 10 years to highlight the latest efforts in solving these vibration problems. Older publications are included to help the reader understand the longevity of the problem and the findings from earlier researchers. The Literature survey revealed a variety of analyses, testing, modeling, and simulation of aircraft landing gear. Experimental validation and characterization of shimmy and brake-induced vibration of aircraft landing gear are also reported. An overview is presented of the problem documented in the references, together with a history of landing gear dynamic problems and solutions. Based on the assessment of this survey, recommendations of the most critically needed enhancements to the state of the art are given. C1 USA, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Res Lab,Struct Dynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Pritchard, J (reprint author), USA, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Res Lab,Struct Dynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 64 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1 BP 130 EP 137 DI 10.2514/2.2744 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 402NG UT WOS:000166994500018 ER PT J AU Schuster, BG AF Schuster, BG TI Demonstrating the validity of natural products as anti-infective drugs SO JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Scientific Integration of Western Medicine and Complementary, Alternative-Mind, Body Medicine CY JUL, 1999 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA ID ARTEMISININ; ANALOGS AB This presentation reviews the synthetic or classical development pathway of drug development and contrasts it with developing natural products as drugs. Also presented is an example of a traditional medicine that has been developed from a natural product and has become a "new/old" antiparasitic drug used in the treatment of malaria. The classic paradigm of synthetic drug development breaks down into drug discovery, drug design, preclinical studies, and clinical studies. This paradigm, constructed to weed out failures, results in a drug-development process that is high risk, time consuming, and expensive. The process requires screening an average of 10,000 active compounds to find a single compound that successfully makes its way through validation to drug approval and the marketplace. Following this paradigm, researchers progress from identifying a chemical lead to testing the compound in humans. The World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for the Assessment of Herbal Medicines are based on the classical guidelines and follow the classical approach to validating quality, safety, and efficacy-with one major difference. The starting point is to look at the natural product in humans. By taking into account the traditional experience with the product, the validation standard for safety and efficacy of natural products allows for the prolonged and apparently uneventful use of a substance to offer testimony of its safety. The reliance, then, is on experience-or what Western regulatory agencies would call "anecdotal information." Since most phytomedicines are a combination of several active ingredients, the WHO guidelines cover two kinds of combination products: Combinations that are already used in traditional medicine are considered "old" combination products. "New" combination products are well-known substances that are now being used in combination. Artemisia annua, a pervasive weed, has been referred to in Chinese medicine for thousands of years as a treatment for fever. In 1971, an extraction of artemisia yielded activity against Plasmodium berghei, a mouse model for malaria. The isolated compound, artemisinin, is an example of a traditional medicine that started out in humans, but which then provided a lead structure for a standard drug-development paradigm. Today, artemisinin derivatives are being used widely in combination therapy, especially in areas of the world where there is multidrug-resistant malaria. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Schuster, BG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Bldg 40,Room 1093, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1075-5535 J9 J ALTERN COMPLEM MED JI J. Altern. Complement Med. PY 2001 VL 7 SU 1 BP S73 EP S82 PG 10 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 516HN UT WOS:000173548000013 PM 11822638 ER PT J AU Schuster, BG AF Schuster, BG TI A new integrated program for natural product development and the value of an ethnomedical approach SO JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Scientific Integration of Western Medicine and Complementary, Alternative-Mind, Body Medicine CY JUL, 1999 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA ID DRUGS AB There is a need for less expensive alternative therapies, especially in the treatment of chronic illnesses. This presentation addresses the issues inherent in the use of natural products in a drug-discovery or development program and reviews a model program developed by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) and administered by the Fogarty International Center at the NIH. Eighty percent (80%) of the world's population relies on medicinal plants for their primary health care. The World Health Organization has been promoting traditional medicine as a source of less expensive, comprehensive medical care, especially in developing countries. Natural products have also been successful in drug development. Over 50% of the best-selling pharmaceuticals in use today are derived from natural products. In a natural-product drug development program, it is the diversity of the natural products that is especially interesting. Thanks to technologic advances, now is a good time to be looking for new drugs in the natural-product arena. But there are major hurdles to overcome in a natural-products development program, namely, time-to-lead, supply, and ownership. Time-to-lead is complex because most natural products are mixtures or crude extracts. It can be very difficult to isolate the active principles and elucidate their structures. The difficulty of obtaining sufficient supply is often given as a reason for not becoming involved in natural-product drug development or discovery. This presentation details some ways these seeming hurdles can be overcome. The concept of ownership has changed dramatically in recent years. Until recently, genetic resources were considered to belong to no one and to therefore be the heritage of everyone. The United Nations Convention on Biodiversity and the meetings in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, redefined biodiversity ownership. Genetic biodiversity has a potential value and belongs to the country of origin. The International Conservation of Biodiversity Groups (ICBGs) was founded in 1992 to address such issues. This presentation discusses the importance of integrating efforts in conservation, economic development, and drug development into one program. The presentation details a collaboration that includes an ICBG based at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research and its four partner organizations and discusses the associated programs the collaboration has underway. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Schuster, BG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Bldg 40,Room 1093, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1075-5535 J9 J ALTERN COMPLEM MED JI J. Altern. Complement Med. PY 2001 VL 7 SU 1 BP S61 EP S72 PG 12 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 516HN UT WOS:000173548000012 PM 11822637 ER PT J AU Alexson, D Bergman, L Nemanich, RJ Dutta, M Stroscio, MA Parker, CA Bedair, SM El-Masry, NA Adar, F AF Alexson, D Bergman, L Nemanich, RJ Dutta, M Stroscio, MA Parker, CA Bedair, SM El-Masry, NA Adar, F TI Ultraviolet raman study of A(1)(LO) and E-2 phonons in InxGa1-xN alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PHASE-SEPARATION; OPTICAL PHONONS; NITRIDE; EPITAXY; FILMS; INGAN; INN AB We report on ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy of InxGa1-xN thin films grown on sapphire by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The A(1)(LO) and E-2 phonon mode behavior was investigated over a large compositional range (0 13 species per sample). In the lower hypoxic reach, species richness was low (<8 species per sample). Polynomial regression indicated a significant positive relation (R-2 = 0.67) between species richness (y) and dissolved oxygen (x): y = 8.03 + 7.19x - 0.72x(2). Species richness, abundance, and size of fish were substantially reduced at dissolved oxygen concentrations below 0.5 mg/1, suggesting a threshold response level of assemblage composition. Gars, topminnows, and small backs water sunfishes (29% of all species documented) persisted at low dissolved oxygen concentrations, but other sunfishes, darters, and larger benthic fishes avoided hypoxic waters, probably due to physiological limitations. Species adapted for aerial and surface film respiration dominated the fish assemblage in hypoxic waters. Our model suggests that dissolved oxygen can be used to predict fish species composition and quantify habitat quality in vegetated areas. C1 USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Killgore, KJ (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 39 BP 40 EP 44 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 534BM UT WOS:000174564800011 ER PT J AU Nelson, LS Skogerboe, JG Getsinger, KD AF Nelson, LS Skogerboe, JG Getsinger, KD TI Herbicide evaluation against giant salvinia SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Aquatic-Plant-Management-Society CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE Salvinia molesta; aquatic fern; herbicide; chemical control; exotic weed ID MOLESTA AB The response of giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta D. S. Mitchell) to 32 herbicide treatments was determined in an outdoor tank study at Lewisville, TX. Treatments included: endothall (as the dipotassium salt), endothall (as the mono (N,N-dimethylalkylamine salt)), diquat, glyphosate, imazapyr, copper, imazapyr + glyphosate, endothall (mono (N,N-dimethylalkylamine salt)) + glyphosate, diquat + copper, diquat + endothall (dipotassium salt), and diquat + endothall (mono (N,N-dimethylalkylamine salt)). Type of surfactant, rate of application and application technique were varied. Treatment with 1.12 kg ha(-1) diquat, 8.97 kg ha(-1) glyphosate, and all of the herbicide combinations controlled greater than or equal to98% salvinia 42 days after treatment (DAT). Diquat was the most effective herbicide; controlling salvinia regardless of rate, surfactant, application method (submersed vs. foliar application) and whether or not endothall (either formulation) or copper were included in the spray mixture. The least effective product evaluated against salvinia was imazapyr. Results demonstrated that several herbicides available for use in aquatic environments in the U.S. can be used to manage giant salvinia infestations. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Engineer Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. RP Nelson, LS (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 39 BP 48 EP 53 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 534BM UT WOS:000174564800013 ER PT J AU Pennington, TG Skogerboe, JG Getsinger, KD AF Pennington, TG Skogerboe, JG Getsinger, KD TI Herbicide/copper combinations for improved control of Hydrilla verticillata SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Aquatic-Plant-Management-Society CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE endothall; diquat; copper; Aquathol K; Hydrothol 191; Cutrine-Plus; Reward; herbicide combination AB Greenhouse aquariums were used to evaluate the efficacy of the dipotassium salt of endothall in combination with other products against hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle). Copper, diquat, or the mono (N,N-dimethylalkalamine) salt of endothall were combined with the dipotassium salt of endothall to determine if equal or improved hydrilla control could be obtained by combining products and using them in low concentrations. Treatments included 1, 2, and 3 mg dipotassium salt of endothall L-1 used alone and in combination with 0.5 mg Cu L-1, 0.5 mg diquat L-1, or 0.2 mg endothall (mono (N,N-dimethylalkylamine salt)) L-1. A 24-hour dissipation half-life was simulated and shoot biomass was harvested 3 and 6 weeks after treatment (WAT). Endothall (dipotassium salt) applied singularly at 2 and 3 mg L-1 resulted in significant reductions in biomass 6 WAT compared to the untreated reference, or >95% control. All combinations significantly decreased the above ground biomass 6 WAT compared to the untreated reference. The dipotassium salt of endothall combined with copper or diquat provided >99% control even at the lowest rate of endothall (1 mg L-1). Possible benefits of such applications include reduced herbicide quantity, improved selectivity and control of target plants, and reduced contact times. C1 Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Pennington, TG (reprint author), Aquat Ecosyst Restorat Fdn, Flint, MI USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 39 BP 56 EP 58 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 534BM UT WOS:000174564800015 ER PT J AU Kirk, JP Killgore, KJ Morrow, JV Lamprecht, SD Cooke, DW AF Kirk, JP Killgore, KJ Morrow, JV Lamprecht, SD Cooke, DW TI Movements of triploid grass carp in the Cooper River, South Carolina SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Aquatic-Plant-Management-Society CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE aquatic plants; migration; Hydrilla verticillata ID CTENOPHARYNGODON-IDELLA; TEXAS AB The movements of triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Valenciennes) were monitored in a coastal river flowing out of the Santee Cooper reservoirs, South Carolina. Twenty-two adult triploid grass carp (90 cm to 110 cm total length) were tagged during 1998 and 1999 with sonic and radio transmitters, released into the Cooper River, South Carolina, and tracked through May 2000. A total of 122 observations were made, of which, approximately 70% were near stands of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle). Approximately 98% of the fish locations were within 20 river km of the release site. The average maximum movement was 14.4 km while the longest was 44 kin. We detected no movement into brackish water nor extensive migrations; however, we urge caution where escapement of grass carp to coastal river is possible, and stocking should be evaluated on a case by case basis. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Boise, ID 83704 USA. Dennis Wildlife Ctr, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Bonneau, SC 29431 USA. RP Kirk, JP (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 39 BP 59 EP 62 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 534BM UT WOS:000174564800016 ER PT J AU Cheruvelil, KS Soranno, PA Madsen, JD AF Cheruvelil, KS Soranno, PA Madsen, JD TI Epiphytic macroinvertebrates along a gradient of Eurasian watermilfoil cover SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Aquatic-Plant-Management-Society CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE Myriophyllum spicatum; exotic; macrophyte; plant architecture; fluridone ID MYRIOPHYLLUM-SPICATUM L; AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES; VEGETATIVE SPREAD; DRY MASS; MACROPHYTES; LAKE; FISH; COMMUNITIES; ABUNDANCE; BIOMASS AB The exotic macrophyte Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyln spicatum L.) has spread throughout North America and has come to dominate macrophyte communities in many North temperate lakes. Because of the central role that macrophytes play in littoral zone foodweb interactions, the spread of this nuisance species and subsequent macrophyte management actions could potentially alter many foodweb interactions. In particular, Eurasian watermilfoil's morphology and its dense canopies may influence the macroinvertebrate communities associated with macrophytes. In this study, we examined how Eurasian watermilfoil cover affects epiphytic macroinvertebrate biomass in six southern Michigan lakes that range from 20 to 95% cover of Eurasian watermilfoil. The Eurasian watermilfoil gradient was created by treating three lakes with 5 ppb fluridone (Sonar(R)) in May 1997. We quantified epiphytic macroinvertebrate biomass and macrophyte cover in July and August 1999. Our results show that macroinvertebrate biomass on the dominant plant species in a lake may decrease as percent Eurasian watermilfoil cover increases in lakes. In addition, we did not detect negative effects of the use of fluridone on macroinvertebrate biomass two years post-treatment. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Cheruvelil, KS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 3 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. OI Soranno, Patricia/0000-0003-1668-9271 NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 39 BP 67 EP 72 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 534BM UT WOS:000174564800018 ER PT J AU Owens, CS Madsen, JD Smart, RM Stewart, RM AF Owens, CS Madsen, JD Smart, RM Stewart, RM TI Dispersal of native and nonnative aquatic plant species in the San Marcos river, Texas SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Aquatic-Plant-Management-Society CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE Hydrilla verticillata; hydrilla; East Indian hygrophila; Hygrophila polysperma propagule; fragments ID RECREATION; VEGETATION AB The San Marcos River is a spring-fed system which originates from the Edwards Aquifer, south of Austin, Texas. Due to excellent water clarity, and consistent temperatures and flows, a diverse community of native and nonnative aquatic plants have developed, including Hydrilla verticillata. Samples were collected quarterly of floating plant fragments to determine biomass loadings, fragment counts and establishment of propagules. The biomass loadings and establishment will be discussed in this paper. Hydrilla fragment biomass loadings were significantly greater in March for site 1 (downstream of Spring Lake) due to the presence of a harvester on Spring Lake, which are the headwaters of the San Marcos River. Additionally, there was a significant increase in plant fragment biomass at site 3 which is located directly below several high recreational use areas on the San Marcos River for the September and June sampling periods. Hydrilla fragments collected from the river, transported to the LAERF and planted, were able to establish between 70 and 83% of all plants. C1 ASI Corp, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. Minnesota State Univ, Biol Sci Dept, Trafton Sci Ctr, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD ERA, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Owens, CS (reprint author), ASI Corp, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, RR3 Box 446, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 39 BP 75 EP 79 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 534BM UT WOS:000174564800020 ER PT J AU Leopold, SS McStay, C Klafeta, K Jacobs, JJ Berger, RA Rosenberg, AG AF Leopold, SS McStay, C Klafeta, K Jacobs, JJ Berger, RA Rosenberg, AG TI Primary repair of intraoperative disruption of the medial collateral ligament during total knee arthroplasty SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID TOTAL CONDYLAR-III; POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; 5-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; PROSTHESIS AB Background: Intraoperative disruption of the medial collateral ligament during total knee arthroplasty is an uncommon complication that is frequently treated by implanting a prosthesis with varus-valgus constraint. To our knowledge, no data have been published on primary repair or reattachment of the medial collateral ligament and implantation of a minimally constrained posterior-stabilized or cruciate-retaining prosthesis. This retrospective study evaluates the hypothesis that satisfactory clinical results, at a minimum of two years, can be achieved with immediate repair or reattachment of the medial collateral ligament and without a constrained total knee prosthesis. Methods: Of 600 knees treated with primary total knee arthroplasty, sixteen (in fourteen patients) sustained either a midsubstance disruption of the medial collateral ligament or an avulsion of the ligament from bone during the procedure. Preoperatively, all patients had either neutral or varus alignment and an intact medial collateral ligament. Midsubstance tears were treated with direct primary repair, and avulsions of the ligament off the tibia or femur were treated with suture-anchor reattachment to bone. All patients wore a hinged knee brace, with no limit to the range of motion, for six weeks postoperatively. Clinical and radiographic data were gathered prospectively as part of a database that was ongoing throughout the period of study; the cohort of patients was assembled retrospectively by searching that database. Results: No patients were lost to follow-up, The mean duration of follow-up was forty-five months (range, twenty four to ninety-five months). The Hospital for Special Surgery knee scores increased from a mean of 47 points (poor) preoperatively to a mean of 93 points (excellent) at the time of final follow-up. On physical examination, no patient had a Hospital for Special Surgery score in the fair or poor range and all patients had regained normal stability in the coronal plane both at full extension and at 30 degrees of flexion. No patient required knee-bracing beyond the initial six-week postoperative period. The range of motion at the time of final follow-up averaged 108 degrees (range, 85 degrees to 125 degrees), although one knee required manipulation under anesthesia to obtain a satisfactory range of motion. No arthroplasties required revision. Radiographic examination demonstrated appropriate limb alignment in all patients at the time of final follow-up. Conclusions: Intraoperative disruption of the medial collateral ligament can be treated with primary repair or reattachment of the ligament to bone and postoperative bracing with good results; this avoids the potential disadvantages associated with the use of varus-valgus constrained implants. C1 Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Leopold, SS (reprint author), USA, Orthopaed Surg Serv, William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Med Corps, 5005 N Piedras St,3rd Floor, El Paso, TX 79912 USA. OI Jacobs, Joshua/0000-0003-3902-7334 NR 29 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 2 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 83A IS 1 BP 86 EP 91 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 395HE UT WOS:000166574300012 PM 11205863 ER PT J AU Nambiar, MP Enyedy, EJ Fisher, CU Warke, VG Tsokos, GC AF Nambiar, MP Enyedy, EJ Fisher, CU Warke, VG Tsokos, GC TI High dose of dexamethasone upregulates TCR/CD3-induced calcium response independent of TCR zeta chain expression in human T lymphocytes SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE human T lymphocytes; T cell receptor; T cell signaling; dexamethasone; [Ca2(+)](i) response; TCR zeta chain; lipid rafts ID CELL ANTIGEN-RECEPTOR; LATERAL MOBILITY; MEMBRANE DOMAINS; ACTIVATION; CYTOSKELETON; PHOSPHORYLATION; UBIQUITINATION; CD2; RECOGNITION; STIMULATION AB Glucocorticoids are very potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents that modulate cellular immune responses, although, the molecular mechanisms that impart their complex effects have not been completely defined. We have previously demonstrated that dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid, biphasically modulates the expression of TCR (T cell receptor) zeta chain in human T cells. At 10 nM, it induced the expression of TCR zeta chain whereas at 100 nM it inhibited its expression. In parallel to the upregulation of TCR zeta chain, theTCR/CD3-mediaLed [Ca2+](i) response was enhanced in 10 nM Dex-treated cells. However, at 100 nM, Dex treatment enhanced TCR/CD3-mediated [Ca2+](i) response without the induction of TCR zeta chain expression. Because the classical transcriptional model of glucocorticoid action cannot account for the effects of high dose of Dex, here we studied alternative mechanisms of action. We show that, increased and morel sustained TCR/CD3-mediated [Ca2+](i) response was also observed in 100 nM Dex-treated cells in the presence of actinomycin D or cycloheximide suggesting that cellular transcription and/or de novo protein synthesis are not required for the induction. The TCR/CD3-mediated hyper [Ca2+](i) response in 100 nM Dex-treated cells was readily reversible by short-term culture in steroid-free medium. RU-486, a competitive antagonist of Dex, inhibited the increase in [Ca2+](i) response suggesting that the effect of Dex is mediated through the glucocorticoid receptor. Although the lipid-raft association of the TCR chain was not significantly increased, high-close of Dex increased the amount of ubiquitinated form of the TCR zeta chain in the cell membrane along with increased levels of actin. Fluorescence microscopy showed that high-dose of Dex alters the distribution of the TCR zeta chain and form more distinct clusters upon TCR/CD3 stimulation. These results suggest that high dose of Dex perturbs the membrane distribution of TCR zeta chain leading to more functional signaling clusters that result in increased TCR/CD3-mediated [Ca2+](i) response independent of TCR zeta chain expression. J. Cell. Biochem. 83: 401-413, 2001. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Bldg 503,Room 1A32,Robert Grant Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI42269] NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PY 2001 VL 83 IS 3 BP 401 EP 413 DI 10.1002/jcb.1238 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 489DV UT WOS:000171977500006 PM 11596109 ER PT J AU Weatherly, JW Zhang, Y AF Weatherly, JW Zhang, Y TI The response of the polar regions to increased CO2 in a global climate model with elastic-viscous-plastic sea ice SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN; ATMOSPHERE; DYNAMICS; SENSITIVITY; THICKNESS; MOTION; CCM3; BUOY AB A global atmosphere-ocean-sea ice general circulation model (GCM) is used in simulations of climate with present-day atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and with CO2 increasing to double the present-day values. The Parallel Climate Model includes the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) atmospheric GCM, the Los Alamos National Laboratory ocean GCM, and the Naval Postgraduate School dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model. The ocean and sea ice grids are at substantially higher resolution than has been previously used in global climate models. The model is implemented on distributed, parallel computer architectures to make computation on the high-resolution grids feasible. The sea ice dynamics uses an elastic-viscous-plastic ice rheology with an explicit solution of the ice stress tensor, which has not previously been used in a coupled, global climate model. The simulations of sea ice and the polar climate in the present-day experiment are compared with observed ice and climate data. The ice cover is too extensive in both hemispheres, leading to a large area of lower-than-observed surface temperatures. The Arctic exhibits a persistent high pressure system that drives the ice motion anticyclonically around the central Arctic. The ice thickness is greatest near the Chukchi Peninsula. Ice is exported through the Fram Strait, though the Canadian Archipelago, and inward through the Bering Strait. The modeled Antarctic sea ice moves at a faster speed than the observational data suggest. Many of the results and biases of the model are similar to those of the NCAR Climate System Model, which has the same atmospheric model component. The response of the model to the increase in CO2 shows a significant thinning of the Arctic sea ice by 0.5 m but only a 10% decrease in ice area. Ice concentrations are reduced within the ice pack, while the ice edges are relatively unchanged. The Antarctic sea ice exhibits much less change in area and little change in thickness, in agreement with the reduced warming in the entire Southern Hemisphere. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Weatherly, JW (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 3 BP 268 EP 283 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<0268:TROTPR>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 399WC UT WOS:000166836400003 ER PT J AU Sturm, M McFadden, JP Liston, GE Chapin, FS Racine, CH Holmgren, J AF Sturm, M McFadden, JP Liston, GE Chapin, FS Racine, CH Holmgren, J TI Snow-shrub interactions in Arctic tundra: A hypothesis with climatic implications SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL SNOW; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SURFACE-ENERGY; HIGH-LATITUDES; MASS-BALANCE; WINTER; SOILS; TEMPERATURE; ANTARCTICA; TRANSPORT AB In the Arctic, where wind transport of snow is common, the depth and insulative properties of the snow cover can be determined as much by the wind as by spatial variations in precipitation. Where shrubs are more abundant and larger, greater amounts of drifting snow are trapped and suffer less loss due to sublimation. The snow in shrub patches is both thicker and a better thermal insulator per unit thickness than the snow outside of shrub patches. As a consequence, winter soil surface temperatures are substantially higher, a condition that can promote greater winter decomposition and nutrient release, thereby providing a positive feedback that could enhance shrub growth. If the abundance, size, and coverage of arctic shrubs increases in response to climate warming, as is expected, snow-shrub interactions could cause a widespread increase (estimated 10%-25%) in the winter snow depth. This would increase spring runoff, winter soil temperatures, and probably winter CO(2) emissions. The balance between these winter effects and changes in the summer energy balance associated with the increase in shrubs probably depends on shrub density, with the threshold for winter snow trapping occurring at lower densities than the threshold for summer effects such as shading. It is suggested that snow-shrub interactions warrant further investigation as a possible factor contributing to the transition of the arctic land surface from moist graminoid tundra to shrub tundra in response to climatic warming. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Sturm, M (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, POB 35170, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. EM msturm@crrel.usace.army.mil NR 62 TC 270 Z9 277 U1 9 U2 90 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 3 BP 336 EP 344 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<0336:SSIIAT>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 399WC UT WOS:000166836400007 ER PT J AU Gama, BA Gillespie, JW Mahfuz, H Raines, RP Haque, A Jeelani, S Bogetti, TA FInk, BK AF Gama, BA Gillespie, JW Mahfuz, H Raines, RP Haque, A Jeelani, S Bogetti, TA FInk, BK TI High strain-rate behavior of plain-weave S-2 glass/vinyl ester composites SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE plain-weave S-2 glass fabric; vinyl ester resin; high strain-rate; mechanical testing; stress-strain behavior; strain-rate effect; failure study ID STRENGTH; GRP AB Thick-section composites made from plain-weave S-2 glass fabric (24 oz./sq. yard) and vinyl ester (411-C50) resin have been tested over a wide range of strain-rates (200-1600 s(-1) ) using a compression split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) with a momentum trapping device. Experiments were performed in two material directions: thickness and fill. Three different types of specimens having rectangular cross sections were tested with thickness ranging from 3.8 mm to 12.7 mm. The strain-rate effects on maximum stresses and maximum non-linear strains have been characterized. The dominant failure modes of the material have been determined through optical and scanning electron microscopy (OM and SEM). It has been identified that the dynamic ultimate stress and failure strain is higher than the corresponding quasi-static values. The ultimate stress is found rate insensitive for both thickness and fill direction loading. The non-linear failure strain is also found to be rate insensitive in the case of thickness direction loading; however, the failure strain increases with strain-rate in the case of fill direction loading. The dominant dynamic failure modes in thickness direction loading are compressive matrix cracking, fiber breakage, and lateral flow of fiber bundles. In the fill direction loading, the dynamic failure modes are kink band formation, delamination, transverse matrix cracking, and longitudinal splitting. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat 202, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Tuskegee Univ, Ctr Adv Mat, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Gama, BA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat 202, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 19 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2001 VL 35 IS 13 BP 1201 EP 1228 AR PII 13MYYTGHQE7E6V8D DI 10.1177/002199801772662299 PG 28 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 451BU UT WOS:000169781900004 ER PT J AU England, KM Gillespie, JW Fink, BK AF England, KM Gillespie, JW Fink, BK TI Ionic doping of low conductivity structural resins for improved direct current sensing SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ionic conductivity; flow and cure sensing; organic salts; vinyl-ester AB This investigation developed a methodology for doping high resistivity vinyl-ester resins with an organic dopant to increase ionic conductivity. The polymeric resin system investigated was a Dow Derakane 411-C50 vinyl-ester (VE) resin. A number of potential dopants were studied and two in particular, tetrabutylammonium acetate and tetrabutylammonium iodide, were found capable of increasing the ionic conductivity of VE resin an order of magnitude without adversely affecting the resin viscosity, mechanical properties, or reaction kinetics. The most suitable dopant found in this investigation was a tetrabutylammonium acetate (TA) organic salt. TA, at a 0.1 wt% concentration, was shown to have negligible effects on the mechanical properties and reaction kinetics of a curing VE part. TA was found to slightly increase the rate at which viscosity increases, but not to the extent that would hinder resin transfer molding of a doped VE system. This investigation has proven that doping of VE resin with 0.1 wt% TA is a viable means of controlling and tailoring the conductivity of high resistivity resins for the application of direct current (DQ sensing technology. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. US Enrichment Corp, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM MB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Gillespie, JW (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2001 VL 35 IS 15 BP 1392 EP 1414 DI 10.1106/J0L0-E8BN-FKGD-PWCP PG 23 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 464YK UT WOS:000170560800004 ER PT J AU Lee, BL Walsh, TF Won, ST Patts, HM Song, JW Mayer, AH AF Lee, BL Walsh, TF Won, ST Patts, HM Song, JW Mayer, AH TI Penetration failure mechanisms of armor-grade fiber composites under impact SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE penetration failure; ballistic impact; drop-weight impact; static puncture; fiber-reinforced composites; Spectra((R)) oriented polyethylene fiber; Kevlar KM2((R)) aramid fiber; armor-grade fiber composites ID BALLISTIC IMPACT; LAMINATED KEVLAR; GRAPHITE EPOXY; MODEL; INDENTATION; PROJECTILES; DAMAGE; PLATE AB The penetration failure mechanisms of "armor-grade" fiber-reinforced composites with very low resin content were assessed under transverse impact loading in comparison with those of dry reinforcing fabrics. Failure of dry fabrics consisted of the successive fracture of individual yams along the periphery of the penetrating head as well as the movement of yams slipping off from the penetrator. In contrast, the principal yams in the composites, which faced the penetrating head, failed to carry the load mostly through fracture due to the constraint of the resin matrix and the reduced yam mobility. As a result, the composites absorbed more energy than the fabrics. The ratio of the number of broken yams in the fabrics to that of the composites correlated quite well with the corresponding ratio of energy absorbed, confirming that fiber straining is responsible for most of the energy absorption in penetration failure. Numerical modeling was utilized to show that yam slippage in the fabrics results in a smaller effective penetrator radius leading to a decrease in energy absorption capacity with equal penetrator masses. Although the resin matrix itself did not absorb significant amounts of energy, it certainly had an indirect effect on the energy absorption capacity of composites by influencing the number of yams broken. Stiffer resin matrix prevented the yam movement to a greater degree and thereby forced the penetrator to engage and break more yams. Up to the thickness of 3 mm, the dependence of the kinetic energy for full perforation of composites on the laminate thickness was close to the case of ductile monolithic materials such as polycarbonate or aluminum but in less linear fashion. The deviation from the linearity was attributed to a unique mode of tensile failure of armor-grade composites in which a critical level of kinetic energy for full perforation is lowered by the mobility of yams. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Soldier Syst Command, RD&E Ctr, Sci & Technol Directorate, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, BL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, 227 Hammond Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 37 TC 88 Z9 93 U1 5 U2 44 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2001 VL 35 IS 18 BP 1605 EP 1633 PG 29 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 485QQ UT WOS:000171766400001 ER PT J AU Tzeng, JT AF Tzeng, JT TI Viscoelastic modeling of press-fitted composite cylinders SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE interference stress; anisotropy; viscoelasticity AB Interference stress is an important design factor for press-fitted cylinder applications such as flywheels and pressure vessels, which may decrease over a period of time. Stress relaxation and creep in press-fitted composite cylinders are investigated based on anisotropic viscoelasticity. The analysis accounts for ply-by-ply variation of material properties and fiber orientations through the thickness of cylinders. Viscoelastic characteristics of press-fit composite assemblies are quite different from those of isotropic cylinders, due to the extreme anisotropy of composite materials. Results show a significant change of interference stresses over a period of time, which is critical to structural performance and durability. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Tzeng, JT (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0884-6804 J9 J COMPOS TECH RES JI J. Compos. Technol. Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 23 IS 1 BP 21 EP 27 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 490KV UT WOS:000172051800003 ER PT J AU Ganeshan, R Grobler, F Wang, CY Coimbatore, V AF Ganeshan, R Grobler, F Wang, CY Coimbatore, V TI CITYWORK: Application of collaborative technologies for infrastructure management SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB This paper describes a collaborative maintenance management application called CITYWORK being developed for the Public Works Department at the Fort Gordon Army Installation in Augusta, Ga. The work described in this paper is being carried out in the context of project "CITY" (Civil Infostructure TechnologY-National Science Foundation Grant No. ECS94-22730) to support the sustainable management of civil infrastructure. Infrastructure management requires the coordination of a variety of efforts and integration of information across a range of facilities. CITYWORK addresses coordination, collaboration, and integration in the maintenance management process in a context of sound organizational behavior. The project involves an interdisciplinary team including engineers and social scientists from the IMPACT laboratory at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, Champaign, Ill. CITYWORK supports the maintenance workflow process by providing private, persistent workspaces for each participant to work on the specific aspects of their interests (e.g., estimators work on generating cost estimates) and share the work with others in an asynchronous manner. C1 Univ So Calif, IMPACT Lab, Los Angeles, CA 91101 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Ganeshan, R (reprint author), Univ So Calif, IMPACT Lab, DRB 101, Los Angeles, CA 91101 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0887-3801 J9 J COMPUT CIVIL ENG JI J. Comput. Civil. Eng. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 74 EP 80 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3801(2001)15:1(74) PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 384QP UT WOS:000165956600010 ER PT J AU Galezewski, A Wilusz, E AF Galezewski, A Wilusz, E TI Thermosetting cellular elastomers reinforced with carbon black and silica nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF ELASTOMERS AND PLASTICS LA English DT Article DE cellular materials; materials properties; elastomers; nitrile; butyl; thermosetting; reinforcing; carbon black; silica AB Closed-cell materials were prepared from two types of thermosetting elastomers: carboxyacrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer (nitrile) and isobutylene-isoprene copolymer (butyl) filled with nanometer-size particles of carbon black and silica for the purpose of reinforcing. A chemical-blowing agent, p,p'-oxybis(benzene-sulfonyl hydrazide), which decomposes rapidly between 153 degrees and 160 degreesC with a release of nitrogen, and a low-pressure compression molding process were used in the fabrication. The resulting cellular materials had a density range of 0.7 to 0.8 g/cc. A balance between the cure and the blow rates is needed to provide satisfactory processing. The curing characteristics of the formulations were studied with an oscillating disk rheometer. Viscoelastic properties were gathered with a dynamic mechanical analyzer over a -90 degrees to 80 degreesC temperature interval. Glass transition temperatures were determined with a differential scanning calorimeter. Other properties, such as thermal stability, abrasion resistance, tensile strength, tear strength, and hardness, were also determined. The data indicate that the cellular nitrile materials should excel in applications where wear-durability is needed, with nitrile materials containing carbon black being more abrasion resistant than those reinforced with silica; butyl cellular materials, on the other hand, either with carbon black or silica, should excel in applications where good flexibility and energy dissipation at temperatures below -40 degreesC are desired. C1 USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Galezewski, A (reprint author), USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 0095-2443 J9 J ELASTOM PLAST JI J. Elastomer Plast. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 33 IS 1 BP 13 EP 33 DI 10.1106/VKB5-H6DU-P4MB-3V04 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 413PZ UT WOS:000167622100001 ER PT J AU Price, CB Brannon, JM Yost, SL Hayes, CA AF Price, CB Brannon, JM Yost, SL Hayes, CA TI Relationship between redox potential and pH on RDX transformation in soil-water slurries SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID ESTUARINE SEDIMENT; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; SUSPENSIONS; REDUCTION; TNT AB The presence of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in surface soil, the vadose zone, and ground water can present serious environmental problems. The processes governing the release and transformation of RDX into soils and the aquatic environment are not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of differing environmental conditions as reflected by redox potential and pH on the fate of RDX in soil. Laboratory investigations consisted of testing three redox potentials and four pH I levels in an 18:1 (2,600 m(3) water:150 g soil) suspension spiked with 10 mg/L RDX. Results indicated that RDX was unstable under highly reducing conditions (-150 mV) and relatively stable over the short term(15 days) under oxidizing and moderately reducing conditions at all pH values. RDX in areas of intense reduction would not persist. However, RDX deposited or moving into areas under moderately reducing or oxidizing conditions would be highly mobile and persistent. C1 Engr Res & Dev Ctr, Wtrwy Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. DynTel Corp, Vicksburg, MS USA. Am Sci Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Price, CB (reprint author), Engr Res & Dev Ctr, Wtrwy Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2001 VL 127 IS 1 BP 26 EP 31 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2001)127:1(26) PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 383HQ UT WOS:000165877400005 ER PT J AU Kortepeter, MG Cieslak, TJ Eitzen, EM AF Kortepeter, MG Cieslak, TJ Eitzen, EM TI Bioterrorism SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTS; PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; WEAPONS; THREAT; FUTURE AB Although biological agents have been used in warfare for centuries, several events in the past decade have raised concerns that they could be used for terrorism. Revelations about the sophisticated biological-weapons programs of the former Soviet Union and Iraq have heightened concern that countries with offensive-research programs, including those that sponsor international terrorism, might assist in the proliferation of agents, culturing capability, and dissemination techniques, and might benefit in these undertakings from the availability of skilled laboratory technicians. Release of sarin nerve agent in the Tokyo subway system in 1995 by the Aum Shinrikyo cult demonstrated that in the future terrorists might select unconventional weapons. Certain properties of biological pathogens may make them the ideal terrorist weapon, including 1) ease of procurement, 2) simplicity of production in large quantities at minimal expense, 3) ease of dissemination with low technology, and 4) potential to overwhelm the medical system with large numbers of casualties. Dissemination of a biological agent would be silent, and the incubation period allows a perpetrator to escape to great distances from the area of release before the first ill persons seek medical care. Countermeasures include intelligence gathering, physical protection, and detection systems. Medical countermeasures include laboratory diagnostics, vaccines, and medications for prophylaxis and treatment. Public health, medical, and environmental health personnel need to have a heightened awareness, through education, about the threat from biological agents. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Educ & Training Branch, Operat Med Dept, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Kortepeter, MG (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Educ & Training Branch, Operat Med Dept, 1425 Poerter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80222 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 63 IS 6 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 437QW UT WOS:000169005900004 PM 11381472 ER PT J AU Selegean, JPW Kusserow, R Patel, R Heidtke, TM Ram, JL AF Selegean, JPW Kusserow, R Patel, R Heidtke, TM Ram, JL TI Using zebra mussels to monitor Escherichia coli in environmental waters SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA PALLAS; ENUMERATION; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; FILTRATION AB Use of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) as an indicator of previously elevated bacteria concentrations in a watershed was examined, The ability of the zebra mussel to accumulate and purge Escherichia coli over several days was investigated in both laboratory and field experiments. In laboratory experiments, periodic enumeration of E. coli in mussels that had been exposed to a dilute solution of raw sewage demonstrated that (i) maximum concentrations of E. coli are reached within a few hours of exposure to sewage, (ii) the tissue concentration attained is higher than the concentration in the ambient water, and (iii) the E, coli concentrations take several days to return to preexposure concentrations when mussels are subsequently plated in sterile water. In field experiments conducted in southeast Michigan in the Clinton River watershed, brief increases in E. coli concentrations in the water were accompanied by increases in mussel concentrations of E, coli that lasted 2 or 3 d. The ability of mussels to retain and to concentrate E. roll made it possible to detect E. coli in the environment under renditions that conventional monitoring may often miss. Sampling caged mussels in a river and its tributaries may enable watershed managers to reduce the sampling frequency normally required to identify critical E, coli sources, thereby providing a more cost-effective river monitoring strategy for bacterial contamination. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Physiol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Detroit, MI USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Detroit, MI USA. RP Ram, JL (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Physiol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM jeffram@med.wayne.edu NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 30 IS 1 BP 171 EP 179 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 396RB UT WOS:000166649400021 PM 11215649 ER PT J AU Valenzuela, JG Belkaid, Y Rowton, E Ribeiro, JMC AF Valenzuela, JG Belkaid, Y Rowton, E Ribeiro, JMC TI The salivary apyrase of the blood-sucking sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi belongs to the novel Cimex family of apyrases SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apyrase; salivary gland; haematophagy; bed bug; Cimex lectularius ID MOSQUITO ANOPHELES-ALBIMANUS; RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; LUTZOMYIA-LONGIPALPIS; PURIFICATION; CLONING; NITROPHORIN; LECTULARIUS; ATPASES; BINDING AB Apyrases are enzymes that hydrolyze nucleotide di- and triphosphates to orthophosphate and mononucleotides, At least two families of enzymes, belonging to the 5'-nucleotidase and to the actin/heat shock 70/sugar kinase superfamily, have evolved independently to serve the apyrase reaction. Both families require either Ca2+ or Mg2+ for their action. A novel apyrase enzyme sequence, with no homology to any other known protein sequence, was found recently in the salivary glands of the hematophagous bed bug Cimex lectularius. This enzyme functions exclusively with Ca2+. Here, we report the finding of a cDNA similar to that of the C. lectularius salivary apyrase isolated from a salivary gland cDNA library of Phlebotomus papatasi, Transfection of insect cells with the P. papatasi salivary gland apyrase cDNA resulted in the secretion of a Ca2+-dependent apyrase whose activity was indistinguishable from that in salivary homogenates of P. papatasi. Homologous sequences were found in humans, in another sand fly (Lutzomyia longipalpis), in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and in the protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum, indicating that this family of enzymes is widespread among animal species. C1 NIAID, Sect Med Entomol, Parasit Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Ribeiro, JMC (reprint author), NIAID, Sect Med Entomol, Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 4,Room 126,4 Ctr Dr,MSC 0425, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Rowton, Edgar/A-1975-2011; Rowton, Edgar/A-4474-2012; OI Rowton, Edgar/0000-0002-1979-1485; Ribeiro, Jose/0000-0002-9107-0818 NR 34 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 5 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 204 IS 2 BP 229 EP 237 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 397VB UT WOS:000166717400006 PM 11136609 ER PT J AU Wilkinson, AL Sun, Q Senecal, A Faustman, C AF Wilkinson, AL Sun, Q Senecal, A Faustman, C TI Antioxidant effects on TBARS and fluorescence measurements in freeze-dried meats SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lipid oxidation; TBARS; fluorescence; freeze-dried meat; antioxidants ID LIPID OXIDATION; VITAMIN-E; RANCIDITY; BEEF AB Antioxidant activity of tocopherols (TOC), sodium erythorbate (ERY), TOC + ERY, and tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) in fresh and freeze-dried beef and chicken were measured by the thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) test and a fluorescence assay. Relative to controls, ERY, TOC, TOC + ERY, and TBHQ decreased lipid oxidation in fresh beef (p < 0.05). All antioxidants delayed lipid oxidation in freeze-dried meat relative to controls when measured by fluorescence (p < 0.05). Within a given storage time, freeze-dried meats with antioxidants also displayed lower oxidation than controls when TBARS were measured at 532 nm (p < 0.05), although these values within a treatment decreased over time. TBARS values measured at 450 nm increased with time, but treatments were prooxidative or had no effect. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Cultor Food Sci Inc, Ardsley, NY 10502 USA. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Faustman, C (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, 3636 Horsebarn Rd Ext, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RI Senecal, Andre/E-6605-2010; OI Faustman, Cameron/0000-0002-8061-5907 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 66 IS 1 BP 20 EP 24 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 413BR UT WOS:000167590500005 ER PT J AU Ensminger, SL Alley, RB Evenson, EB Lawson, DE Larson, GJ AF Ensminger, SL Alley, RB Evenson, EB Lawson, DE Larson, GJ TI Basal-crevasse-fill origin of laminated debris bands at Matanuska Glacier, Alaska, USA SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREEZE-ON MECHANISM; ICE-SHEET; SEDIMENT; STORGLACIAREN; ENTRAINMENT; EVOLUTION; SWEDEN; OVERDEEPENINGS; DEPOSITION; ACCRETION AB The numerous debris bands in the terminus region of Matanuska Glacier, Alaska, US.A., were formed by injection of turbid meltwaters into basal crevasses. The debris bands arc millimeter(s)-thick layers of silt-rich ice cross-cutting, older, debris-poor englacial ice. The sediment grain-size distribution of the debt is bands closely resembles the suspended load of basal waters. and of basal and proglacial ice grown from basal waters. but does not resemble supraglacial debris, till or the bedload of subglacial streams. Most debris bands contain anthropogenic tritium ((3)H) in concentrations similar to those of basal meltwater and ice formed from that meltwater, but cross-cut englacial ice lacking tritium. Stable-isotopic rations (delta(1H)O and deltaD) of debris-band ice are consistent with freezing from basal waters, but are distinct from those in englacial ice. Ice petrofabric data along one debris band lack evidence of active shearing. High basal water pressures and locally extensional ice flow associated with overdeepened subglacial basins favor basal crevasse formation. C1 NW Missouri State Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Maryville, MO 64468 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Inst Environm, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Anchorage, AK 99505 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Ensminger, SL (reprint author), NW Missouri State Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Maryville, MO 64468 USA. NR 72 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2001 VL 47 IS 158 BP 412 EP 422 DI 10.3189/172756501781832007 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 522AA UT WOS:000173872500007 ER PT J AU Pickard, SW Yaksich, SM Irvine, KN McFarland, VA AF Pickard, SW Yaksich, SM Irvine, KN McFarland, VA TI Bioaccumulation potential of sediment-associated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bioaccumulation potential; bioavailability; Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs); PCB-contaminated sediments; Ashtabula Harbor; Area of Concern (AOC) ID ACCUMULATION FACTORS; OLIGOCHAETE WORMS; FUGACITY; CONTAMINANTS; DIOXINS; FIELD; RIVER AB Ashtabula Harbor Ohio is designated as a Great Lakes Ar-ea of Concern contaminated by PCBs. Information on the bioaccumulation of PCBs from sediments is important for sediment management strategies such as dredging to restore navigable depths in the harbor. To ascertain the bioaccumulation of these PCBs, the aquatic earthworm Lumbriculus variegatus tc as exposed in the laboratory to contaminated sediments collected from 15 areas in the harbor. Data from these bioaccumulation experiments were used to determine the bioaccumulation potential of PCBs through the calculation of Biota-Sediment Accumulation Factors (BSAFs). The results showed that the mean values of the experimentally? derived BSAFs for individual harbor areas ranged from 0.27 to 1.69. The median BSAF for sediments in the lower river sector of the harbor (0.38) was significantly lower than that for upper river sediments (1.34), indicating that the high adsorptive properties of coal soot particles constrained PCB bioavailability in the lower river sediments. These results indicate that the origin of total organic carbon (TOC) has a major influence on the bioavailability of total PCBs in harbor sediments. Moreover, the empirical BSAFs were well below the 4.0 default BSAF value recommended in joins USEPA/USACE protocols that are used to evaluate tire Theoretical Bioaccumulation Potential, or bioavailability, of neutral organic chemicals in Great Lakes sediments. These empirical values should be used to more precisely predict the bioavailability of total PCBs in Ashtabula Harbor sediments. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Tech Support Branch, Buffalo, NY 14207 USA. SUNY Coll Buffalo, Dept Geog & Planning, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. SUNY Coll Buffalo, Great Lakes Ctr, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Pickard, SW (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Tech Support Branch, 1776 Niagara St, Buffalo, NY 14207 USA. NR 50 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2001 VL 27 IS 1 BP 44 EP 59 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 417KR UT WOS:000167834600006 ER PT J AU Burg, COE Huddleston, DH Berger, RC AF Burg, COE Huddleston, DH Berger, RC TI Efficient, robust design tool for open-channel flow SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB The use of computational fluid dynamics to simulate physical phenomenon, such as flow through open channels, has become more prolific as computational resources and numerical algorithms have improved. With current algorithms, the designer defines the shape of the channel geometry, and the code calculates the fluid dynamic state within the channel. For these computational tools to be effectively used in the design process, the designer should be able to define the desired flow characteristics and the computational tool should generate the channel geometry that yields the closest match. In this paper, a finite-element simulation code, which solves the viscous, 2D, shallow water equations, is modified to become an efficient, robust design tool by inclusion of discrete sensitivity analysis and the Gauss-Newton optimization algorithm. This technique is demonstrated for design of supercritical flow channels with the objective of producing constant depth Row downstream of the channel transitions. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Computat Simulat & Des ctr, Engn Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coast & Hydr Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Burg, COE (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Computat Simulat & Des ctr, Engn Res Ctr, POB 9627, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2001 VL 127 IS 1 BP 62 EP 70 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:1(62) PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 383GD UT WOS:000165874000006 ER PT J AU Pichyangkul, S Yongvanitchit, K Kum-arb, U Krieg, AM Heppner, DG Walsh, DS AF Pichyangkul, S Yongvanitchit, K Kum-arb, U Krieg, AM Heppner, DG Walsh, DS TI Whole blood cultures to assess the immunostimulatory activities of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE whole blood culture; peripheral blood mononuclear cells; CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN); immune screening ID T-CELL RESPONSES; DENDRITIC CELLS; BACTERIAL-DNA; EARLY-LIFE; B-CELL; VACCINE; MOTIFS; ADJUVANTS; IMMUNITY; ASSAY AB Specially designed oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) sequences known as 'CpG' ODNs elicit innate and acquired immune responses. In general, screening of new CpG ODNs has been conducted by conventional lymphoproliferative assays or expression of activation markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures. Here, we compared conventional in vitro human PBMC assays with whole blood assays for screening the immunostimulatory properties of CpG ODNs. Commercially available DNA preparations and mycobacterial-based adjuvants were used as comparators. Activation was assessed by flow cytometry and cytokine production. CpG ODNs, identified by four-letter codes, consisted of 2006 (strong human cell stimulant), 1826 (strong murine cell stimulant), 1840 (weak immunostimulant). and 2041, a non-CpG ODN. In both test systems, and in accordance with previous reports, 2006 was an effective up-regulator of CD40 on human dendritic cells (DC1, DC2), monocytes, and B cells, and of CD69 on NK cells. In contrast to murine cells exposed to CpG ODNs, IL-12 (p40) and IFN-gamma production in human immune cells was negligible, but greatly enhanced by adding GM-CSF, Like 2006, two comparator mycobacterial adjuvant formulations activated DC1, DC2, monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, but only 2006 had a strong effect on B cells. The usefulness of the whole blood assay was further demonstrated by studies in small volumes of umbilical cord mononuclear cells. that like adult blood cells, showed up-regulation of CD40 expression on B cells, DC, and monocytes, and CD69 on NK cells. The whole blood assay, in conjunction with flow cytometry, is useful for assessing the immunological properties of CpG ODN sequences. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol& Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Vet, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Coley Pharmaceut Grp, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Pichyangkul, S (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol& Med, 31516 Rajuithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 25 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 247 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 94 DI 10.1016/S0022-1759(00)00320-3 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 393EA UT WOS:000166455200009 PM 11150539 ER PT J AU Ayyagari, V Januskiewicz, A Nath, J AF Ayyagari, V Januskiewicz, A Nath, J TI Effects of acute exposure to nitrogen dioxide on human bronchial epithelial cells: Involvement of nitric oxide and IL-8 SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resp Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PY 2001 SU S MA 340 BP 97 EP 97 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA 480UY UT WOS:000171482200339 ER PT J AU Singh, A Roy, S Samuelson, L Bruno, F Nagarajan, R Kumar, J John, V Kaplan, DL AF Singh, A Roy, S Samuelson, L Bruno, F Nagarajan, R Kumar, J John, V Kaplan, DL TI Peroxidase, hematin, and pegylated-hematin catalyzed vinyl polymerizations in water SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Lowell Technical Symposium in Honor of Professor Sukant K Tripathy CY FEB 15-16, 2001 CL UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS HO UNIV MASSACHUSETTS DE vinyl polymers; polystyrene; peroxidase; hematin; polymerization ID SULFONIC-ACID POLYMERS; FREE-RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; SODIUM STYRENE SULFONATE; ENZYME-MEDIATED POLYMERIZATION; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; EMULSION COPOLYMERIZATION; HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE; CONDUCTING POLYANILINE; POTENT INHIBITORS AB Horseradish peroxidase-, hematin- and pegylated-hematin mediated polymerization of sodium styrene sulfonate and sodium acrylate in water is reported. Molecular weight and yields were influenced by the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and initiator, 2,4-pentanedione. Hematin and pegylated-hematin were studied in lieu of peroxidase at pH 11.0 and 7.0 in aqueous solution, respectively. Polymer with a high molecular weight (Mn = 223,520) was formed when the pegylated-hematin was used as the catalyst. The results demonstrate vinyl polymerizations in an all aqueous process in high yield and molecular weight catalyzed by peroxidase as well as biomimetic catalysts. C1 Tufts Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Tufts Univ, Ctr Bioengn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Kaplan, DL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RI John, Vijay/G-3747-2010 NR 63 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2001 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1219 EP 1230 DI 10.1081/MA-100108379 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 505QC UT WOS:000172926200006 ER PT J AU Sahoo, SK Nagarajan, R Samuelson, L Kumar, J Cholli, AL Tripathy, SK AF Sahoo, SK Nagarajan, R Samuelson, L Kumar, J Cholli, AL Tripathy, SK TI Enzymatically synthesized polyaniline in the presence of a template poly(vinylphosphonic acid): A solid state NMR study SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Lowell Technical Symposium in Honor of Professor Sukant K Tripathy CY FEB 15-16, 2001 CL UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS HO UNIV MASSACHUSETTS DE polyaniline; template; enzymatic polymerization; conducting polymer; solid state C-13 and N-15 CP/MAS NMR ID CONDUCTING POLYANILINE; N-15 NMR; POLYMERS AB Template guided enzymatic synthesis of conducting polyaniline (PANI) is a one-step reaction and more importantly, it is an environmentally friendly process. Understanding of the reaction and coupling mechanism at the molecular level is of paramount significance to improve its processability and conductivity. Solid-state NMR techniques are useful to investigate molecular structures of enzymatically synthesized polyaniline (PANI). The PANI sample in three different forms i.e., (a) as-synthesized, self-doped conducting form; (b) dedoped, base form and; (c) redoped, conducting form, are investigated by solid-state C-13 and N-15 CP/MAS NMR techniques. Solid-state NMR data analysis shows that the structural features of enzymatically synthesized PANI are similar to that of chemically synthesized PANI. The solid-state C-13 CP/MAS NMR spectrum of the base form of PANI confirmed that benzenoid-quinoid repeating units are present in the backbone of the PANI polymer chain. The poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVP) template provides charge compensation during the chain growth of linear polyaniline. After the completion of template-guided synthesis of PANI, it is now possible that the PVP template can be completely removed from the complex by dedoping with aqueous NH4OH. The detached PANI from the PANI-PVP complex can then be redoped to conducting form without the presence of the template. The conductivity of the PANI and PANI-PVP complex are of the same order of magnitude. The solid-state N-15 CP/MAS NMR chemical shifts are sensitive to charge distribution on the nitrogens in the backbone. The solid-state N-15 CP/MAS NMR spectrum of the base form of the enzymatically derived PANI sample showed the clear signature for benzenoid-quinoid repeating units in the polymer backbone. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem & Phys, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Tripathy, SK (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem & Phys, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2001 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1315 EP 1328 DI 10.1081/MA-100108386 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 505QC UT WOS:000172926200013 ER PT J AU Liu, W Lee, SH Yang, SZ Bian, SP Li, L Samuelson, LA Kumar, J Tripathy, SK AF Liu, W Lee, SH Yang, SZ Bian, SP Li, L Samuelson, LA Kumar, J Tripathy, SK TI Biologically derived photoactive macromolecular azodyes SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Lowell Technical Symposium in Honor of Professor Sukant K Tripathy CY FEB 15-16, 2001 CL UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS HO UNIV MASSACHUSETTS DE peroxidase; azopolymer; enzymatic polymerization; surface relief gratings ID SURFACE-RELIEF GRATINGS; POLYMER-FILMS; PEROXIDASE; MEDIA AB Azophenols with various substituents at the para position of the phenyl ring were enzymatically polymerized in the presence of H2O2. Structural characterization of the synthesized polymers by FTIR, FT-Raman, and NMR (H-1 and C-13) spectroscopy confirms our previous observation that this enzymatically catalyzed coupling reaction occurs primarily at the ortho positions, with some substitution at the meta position of the phenol ring. The strong constraint and poor packing of the azobenzene chromophores in the polymer leads to a significant blue shift of the pi-pi* transition absorption and slow photoisomerization and thermal relaxation in comparison to the monomers. Surface relief gratings (SRG) with large surface modulation have been fabricated on these enzymatically synthesized polymer films. C1 USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Samuelson, LA (reprint author), USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2001 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1355 EP 1370 DI 10.1081/MA-100108390 PG 16 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 505QC UT WOS:000172926200017 ER PT J AU Roy, S Nagarajan, R Wu, PC Yang, K Bruno, FF Parmar, VS Tripathy, SK Kumar, J Samuelson, LA AF Roy, S Nagarajan, R Wu, PC Yang, K Bruno, FF Parmar, VS Tripathy, SK Kumar, J Samuelson, LA TI Chemoenzymatic functionalization of ribonucleic acid with azobenzene chromophores SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Lowell Technical Symposium in Honor of Professor Sukant K Tripathy CY FEB 15-16, 2001 CL UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS HO UNIV MASSACHUSETTS DE ribonucleic acid; reverse micelles; azobenzene; photo-isomerizable ID OLIGONUCLEOTIDES CARRYING AZOBENZENE; REVERSED MICELLES; ESTERIFICATION; LIPASE; RIBOZYME AB In recent years, biological molecules have brought about a renaissance in the development of novel responsive materials. An example of this is the development of new photoresponsive materials for the artificial regulation of chemical and biological systems. Towards this we have developed a novel enzymatic synthetic approach for covalent attachment of photoresponsive units into the RNA backbone. This involves a lipase catalyzed acylation of the 2' hydroxyl group in the ribose sugars in the RNA molecule to incorporate photo-isomerizable azobenzene groups into the RNA strands. A reverse micellar approach was used for this RNA functionalization to maintain the solubility of the nucleic acid as well as to limit the preferred hydrolysis reaction in aqueous media. The azobenzene groups incorporated in the RNA molecule show photo-isomerization behavior and can serve as optical 'handles' for the manipulation of the conformation of RNA. This modification of RNA using covalently attached chromophores or fluorophores is a generic approach that can be extended to other biomacromolecular matrices leading to new opportunities for biophotonic device applications. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Delhi, Dept Chem, Delhi 110007, India. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kumar, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2001 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1383 EP 1392 DI 10.1081/MA-100108392 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 505QC UT WOS:000172926200019 ER PT J AU Bruno, FF Nagarajan, R Stenhouse, P Yang, K Kumar, J Tripathy, SK Samuelson, LA AF Bruno, FF Nagarajan, R Stenhouse, P Yang, K Kumar, J Tripathy, SK Samuelson, LA TI Polymerization of water-soluble conductive polyphenol using horseradish peroxidase SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Lowell Technical Symposium in Honor of Professor Sukant K Tripathy CY FEB 15-16, 2001 CL UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS HO UNIV MASSACHUSETTS DE polyphenol; horseradish peroxidase; ionic conductivity; enzyme polymerization ID ELECTROABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; POLYDIACETYLENE; POLYANILINE; POLYMERS; STATES AB Template assisted enzymatic polymerization of phenol has been carried out in aqueous media at room temperature. The templates used to facilitate this reaction, were polystyrene sulfonate, lignin sulfonate and dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The enzyme, horseradish peroxidase, proved to be an active catalyst for the polymerization, yielding a phenolic polymer that is permanently complexed with the template used. These polyphenol complexes are high molecular weight, soluble in water and/or mixed organic solvents and show good thermal stability. Under certain conditions, physical SPS-polyphenol gels can be formed in water that have high ionic conductivity. UV-vis, FTIR and electroabsorption spectroscopy show the presence of significant backbone conjugation and NLO properties. This novel enzymatic approach is a simple, inexpensive and environmentally friendly way to prepare processable polyphenolic materials with interesting electrical and optical properties. C1 USA, Mat Sci Team, Natick Soldier Ctr, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem & Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Samuelson, LA (reprint author), USA, Mat Sci Team, Natick Soldier Ctr, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2001 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1417 EP 1426 DI 10.1081/MA-100108395 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 505QC UT WOS:000172926200022 ER PT J AU Wu, PC Balasubramanian, S Liu, W Kumar, J Samuelson, L Tripathy, SK AF Wu, PC Balasubramanian, S Liu, W Kumar, J Samuelson, L Tripathy, SK TI Enzymatic synthesis of poly(hydroxystilbene)s. A new class of luminescent dye SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Lowell Technical Symposium in Honor of Professor Sukant K Tripathy CY FEB 15-16, 2001 CL UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS HO UNIV MASSACHUSETTS DE luminescence; enzymatic synthesis; horseradish perioxidase; hydroxystilene; macrodye ID LIGHT-EMITTING POLYMER; ELECTROLUMINESCENT DIODES; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; POLYANILINE C1 Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Mat Sci Team, Natick Soldier Ctr, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kumar, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2001 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1463 EP 1471 DI 10.1081/MA-100108398 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 505QC UT WOS:000172926200025 ER PT J AU Nagarajan, R Roy, S Kumar, J Tripathy, SK Dolukhanyan, T Sung, CM Bruno, F Samuelson, LA AF Nagarajan, R Roy, S Kumar, J Tripathy, SK Dolukhanyan, T Sung, CM Bruno, F Samuelson, LA TI Enzymatic synthesis of molecular complexes of polyaniline with DNA and synthetic oligonucleotides: Thermal and morphological characterization SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Lowell Technical Symposium in Honor of Professor Sukant K Tripathy CY FEB 15-16, 2001 CL UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS HO UNIV MASSACHUSETTS DE DNA; polyaniline; HRP; modified hematin; oligonucleotides ID CONDUCTING POLYANILINE; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; ACID; BASES AB The assembly of electronic and photonic materials on biomacromolecules is of tremendous interest for the development of biofunctional nanocomplexes as well as highly selective biosensors. In the context of the use of electrically conducting polymers for sensing, polyaniline (Pani) and polypyrrole have received considerable interest because of their well-known electrical properties. Recently, we have reported an enzyme catalyzed synthetic procedure involving horseradish peroxidase (HRP) for the polymerization of aniline on a calf thymus DNA matrix. The mild reaction conditions involved in the synthesis have provided opportunities for the use of more delicate biomacromolecules as templates. The complexation of Pani with DNA has been found to induce reversible changes in the secondary structure of DNA leading to the formation of an over-wound polymorph. The thermal characterization (melting behavior) of the DNA in the complex and the morphological properties of the complex have provided corroborative evidence for the wrapping of Pani around the DNA matrix. Scanning probe and electron microscopy studies have indicated that the formation of Pani causes the DNA-Pani strands to agglomerate, presumably due to the neutralization of charge on the phosphate groups by the partially charged Pani. We also report the synthesis of Pani on a synthetic oligonucleotide (Poly[dA-dC].poly[dG-dT]). Demonstration of the use of a new biomimetic catalyst, polyethylene glycol modified hematin (PEG-hematin), in these reactions will also be presented. These results indicate that this biocatalytic synthetic approach is generic, versatile and can be adopted for both genomic and synthetic nucleic acids. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kumar, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2001 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1519 EP 1537 DI 10.1081/MA-100108402 PG 19 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 505QC UT WOS:000172926200029 ER PT J AU Tanoglu, M Ziaee, S Mcknight, SH Palmese, GR Gillespie, JW AF Tanoglu, M Ziaee, S Mcknight, SH Palmese, GR Gillespie, JW TI Investigation of properties of fiber/matrix interphase formed due to the glass fiber sizings SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EPOXY-RESIN COMPOSITES; SILANE COUPLING AGENT; INTERFACE REGION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MATRIX INTERPHASE; SURFACE; ADHESION; BEHAVIOR; STRENGTH AB Sizings on glass fibers consist of a silane-based network that is chemically bound to the fiber and other compounds that are adsorbed onto the glass surface. Formation of interphase involves dissolution of adsorbed species and inter-diffusion of these compounds and resin monomers into the interphase region and chemical reaction of available functional groups. All these phenomena occur at the presence of the silane-based network. In this study, the effects of the silane-based network on the properties of the interphase region are investigated for an epoxy/amine resin system and compatible sized glass fibers. The composition of the sizing material bound to glass was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Based on this information, model interphase materials were synthesized that were a blend of an epoxy/amine matrix and inclusions. The inclusions consist of an interpenetrating network of silane-based polymer and epoxy/amine thermoset that represents the interphase material formed during processing. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) techniques were used to characterize the glass transition temperature and flexural modulus of the model materials. The properties of the model interphase material were obtained using the DMA results and established micromechanics models. The results show that the glass transition temperature of the model interphase is about -5 degreesC, and its flexural storage modulus at room temperature is about 50% of that of the bulk matrix. This work has also shown that a reduction in the cross-link density of the bound network might significantly reduce the modulus within the interphase region by a factor of 5 to 8. (C) 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Gillespie, JW (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. OI Tanoglu, Metin/0000-0001-9770-1302 NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 23 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 12 BP 3041 EP 3053 DI 10.1023/A:1017979126129 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 437WC UT WOS:000169015700021 ER PT J AU Frances, SP Watcharapichat, P Phulsuksombati, D AF Frances, SP Watcharapichat, P Phulsuksombati, D TI Vertical transmission of Orientia tsutsugamushi in two lines of naturally infected Leptotrombidium deliense (Acari : Trombiculidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Leptotrombidium deliense; Trombiculidae; Orientia tsutsugamushi; scrub typhus; vertical transmission; Thailand ID THAILAND; ORCHARD; BANGKOK AB Vertical transmission of Orientia tsutsugamushi (Hayashi), the etiologic agent for scrub typhus, was studied in two lines of naturally infected Leptotrombidium deliense Walch. In one line of mites originating from a single adult (V3M), the rate of filial transmission was 100% for the first two laboratory generations, but declined to 86.6% in the third laboratory generation. The vertical infection rate in this line of mites was 100% for the parental generation, but declined to 95.6% for the F1 generation and 88.6% for F2. The transmission of O. tsutsugamushi in another line oft. deliense (V3F) was less efficient than mites originating from V3M. In the initial laboratory generation of V3F a filial transmission rate of 100% was recorded. However, none of the F2 generation of this line transmitted rickettsiae to mice (Mus musculus L.), resulting in a filial transmission rate of 0%. Transmission of O. tsutsugamushi to mice by progeny from cohort larvae originally from the same adult (V3F) was also studied in the laboratory and these were found to be relatively poor transmitters of rickettsiae. The filial infection rate of F2 larvae was 60%, F3 was 88.8%, and F4 was 55.9%. The biology of infected L. deliense was studied and compared with uninfected mites reared under the same laboratory conditions. The results showed that infected female L. deliense laid approximately the same or more eggs as uninfected adults. The rate of development of the progeny of infected L. deliense was not significantly different from uninfected mites. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, USA Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Royal Thai Army Component, Dept Vet Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Frances, SP (reprint author), Australian Army Malaria Inst, Gallipoli Barracks, Enoggera, Qld 4052, Australia. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1 BP 17 EP 21 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-38.1.17 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 393EP UT WOS:000166456500003 PM 11268685 ER PT J AU Moll, RM Romoser, WS Modrzakowski, MC Moncayo, AC Lerdthusnee, K AF Moll, RM Romoser, WS Modrzakowski, MC Moncayo, AC Lerdthusnee, K TI Meconial peritrophic membranes and the fate of midgut bacteria during mosquito (Diptera : culicidae) metamorphosis SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacteria; Culicidae; metamorphosis; meconium; mosquito; peritrophic membrane ID AEDES-AEGYPTI AB The location of midgut bacteria relative to meconial peritrophic membranes (MPMs) and changes in bacterial numbers during midgut metamorphosis were studied in Anopheles punctipennis (Say), Culex pipiens (L.), and Aedes aegypti (L.) pupae and newly emerged adults. After adult emergence in Aedes, Anopheles, and most Culex, there were few to no bacteria in the midgut. In most newly emerged adult mosquitoes, few bacteria were found in either the lumen or within the MPMs/meconia. In a few Culex specimens, high numbers of bacteria were found in the MPMs/meconia and low numbers in the lumen. In all three species bacterial counts were high in fourth instars, decreased after final larval defecation, increased in young pupae, and increased further in old pupae. A very effective gut sterilization mechanism is operating during mosquito metamorphosis and adult emergence. This mechanism appears to involve the sequestration of remaining larval gut bacteria within the confines of the meconium and one or two MPMs and the possible bactericidal effect of the exuvial (molting) fluid, which is ingested during the process of adult emergence. C1 Ohio Univ, Coll Osteopath Med, Trop Dis Inst, Dept Biomed Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Moll, RM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 13 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 14 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1 BP 29 EP 32 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-38.1.29 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 393EP UT WOS:000166456500005 PM 11268687 ER PT J AU Stromdahl, EY Evans, SR O'Brien, JJ Gutierrez, AG AF Stromdahl, EY Evans, SR O'Brien, JJ Gutierrez, AG TI Prevalence of infection in ticks submitted to the human tick test kit program of the US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amblyomma americanum; Dermacentor variabilis; Ixodes scapularis; tick-borne disease; rickettsioses; Lyme disease ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS RICKETTSIALES; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI SPIROCHAETALES; HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS ACARI; IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; NEW-YORK-STATE; LYME-DISEASE; HARD-TICK AB In 1997, ticks removed from humans and received alive by the Tick-Borne Disease Laboratory of the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine (USACHPPM) were tested for pathogens by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thirty-three of 222 (15%) Amblyomma americanum (L.) DNAs produced amplicons of the expected size of Ehrlichia chaffeensis Anderson, Dawson & Wilson and 26/222 (12%) produced amplicons indicating Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigalt & Brenner. Five (2%) appeared to be co-infected with both organisms. Thirteen of 308 (4%) Dermacentor variabilis (Say) were POP-positive for spotted fever group rickettsiae. Restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis indicated all were Rickettsia montane. One hundred twenty-seven D. variabilis from Monroe County, WI, were tested for B. burgdorferi and 14 (11%) were positive. Five of 24 (21%) Ixodes scapularis Say were positive for B. burgdorferi and one (2%) was positive for the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Different species of ticks transmit different pathogens, and most tick-borne diseases have similar early symptoms, therefore knowing the species and infection status of the tick enhances the physician's ability to consider tick-borne agents as a potential cause of disease and recommend appropriate therapy. Ongoing surveillance of the vector species of human diseases provides an additional estimate of human encounters, with infected ticks, and testing ticks removed from humans may increase our knowledge of the vector status of tick species for transmitting tick-borne pathogens. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Entomol Sci Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Stromdahl, EY (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Entomol Sci Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 42 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1 BP 67 EP 74 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-38.1.67 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 393EP UT WOS:000166456500012 PM 11268694 ER PT J AU Kollars, TM Kengluecha, A Khlaimanee, N Tanskul, P AF Kollars, TM Kengluecha, A Khlaimanee, N Tanskul, P TI Temporal changes in prevalence of scrub typhus rickettsia (Orientia tsutsugamushi) infecting the eggs of Leptotrombidium imphalum (Acari : Trombiculidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trombiculidae; chigger; mite; Thailand; scrub typhus; rickettsiae ID THAILAND AB Eggs from seven colony lines of the chigger mite Leptotrombidium imphalum (Vercammen-Grandjean & Langston) were examined for infection with Orientia tsutsugamushi (Hyashi), the etiologic agent of scrub typhus. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers OtP 56.809 and OtM 56.1221, which amplify a 291 bp region of the P56 gene of O. tsutsugamushi, was used to detect scrub typhus within single eggs. All seven chigger mite lines produced infected eggs with varying rates of infection (Li1 = 8.1%, n = 124; Li2 = 45.6%, n = 90; Li3 = 30.1%, n = 144; Li4 = 31.7%, n = 145; Li5 = 21.3%, n = 136; Li6 = 41.6% n = 77; Li7 = 22.5%, n = 110). The 3 wk with the highest infection rates for each line using Fourier analysis were as follows: Li1 = 2, 7, 14; Li2 = 4, 6, 12; Li 3 = 3, 6, 12; Li4 = 4, 6, 12; Li5 = 5, 7, 14; Li7 = 4, 6, 12. Li6 only had nine measurements over time; therefore, Li6 was excluded from individual analysis. Infection rates of scrub typhus in eggs occurred in a 2-wk 2-d cycle, using Fourier analysis of combined data. Not only did infection rates vary among the progeny of females, but temporal variation also occurred. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USA Med Component, Dept Entomol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Kollars, TM (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USA Med Component, Dept Entomol, 315-6 Rajavithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1 BP 108 EP 110 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-38.1.108 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 393EP UT WOS:000166456500017 PM 11268679 ER PT J AU Sudiro, TM Zivny, J Ishiko, H Green, S Vaughn, DW Kalayanarooj, S Nisalak, A Norman, JE Ennis, FA Rothman, AL AF Sudiro, TM Zivny, J Ishiko, H Green, S Vaughn, DW Kalayanarooj, S Nisalak, A Norman, JE Ennis, FA Rothman, AL TI Analysis of plasma viral RNA levels during acute dengue virus infection using quantitative competitor reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; SHOCK SYNDROME; RISK-FACTORS; ANTIBODY; PATHOGENESIS; ENHANCEMENT; DISEASE; VIREMIA AB There is increasing recognition of the potential importance of viral burden in the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). There is little data available, however, describing the kinetics of viral replication in humans with natural dengue virus (DV) infection. Standard procedures for measuring titers of infectious virus in clinical specimens are either laborious or insensitive. We developed a method for measurement of DV RNA in plasma samples based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) using a mutant RNA target as a competitor. This technique was reproducible and accurate for samples containing any of the four DV serotypes, and could be applied to samples containing as few as 250 copies of RNA per reaction. We examined plasma viral RNA levels in 80 children with acute DV infection; sequential plasma samples were tested in 34 of these children. Plasma viral RNA levels ranged as high as 10(9) RNA copies/ml, and correlated with titers of infectious virus measured in mosquitoes (r= 0.69). Plasma viral RNA levels fell rapidly during the last several days of the febrile period. We did not find a significant difference in maximal plasma viral RNA levels between children with DHF and children with dengue fever, but peak viral RNA levels were identified in only 16 subjects. We conclude that this quantitative RT-PCR method will be valuable for further studies of natural DV infections. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, CIDVR, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. Univ Indonesia, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Rothman, AL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, CIDVR, Rm S5-326,55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01AI34533] NR 22 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.1002/1096-9071(200101)63:1<29::AID-JMV1004>3.0.CO;2-S PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 377AV UT WOS:000165490500005 PM 11130884 ER PT J AU Kluchinsky, TA Savage, PB Sheely, MV Thomas, RJ Smith, PA AF Kluchinsky, TA Savage, PB Sheely, MV Thomas, RJ Smith, PA TI Identification of CS-derived compounds formed during heat-dispersion of CS riot control agent SO JOURNAL OF MICROCOLUMN SEPARATIONS LA English DT Article DE CS riot control agent; degradation products; open tubular gas chromatography; mass spectrometry ID MASS SPECTROMETRIC IDENTIFICATION; COLUMN GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ORTHO-CHLOROBENZYLIDENEMALONONITRILE AB High temperatures are frequently used to disperse 2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) riot control agent. We examined airborne CS degradation products heat-dispersed together with CS from canisters of a type used by law enforcement personnel for crowd and riot control. Air contaminants derived from CS were trapped using a polytetraflouroethylene filter. Analysis was by open tubular gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Compounds observed in addition to CS included 2-chlorobenzaldehyde, 2-chlorobenzonitrile, quinoline, 2-chlorobenzylcyanide, 1,2-dicyanobenzene, 3-(2-chlorophenyl)propynenitrile, cis and trans isomers of 2-chlorocinnamonitrile, 2,2-dicyano-3-(2-chlorophenyl)oxirane, 2-chlorodihydrocinnamonitrile, benzylidenemalononitrile, cis and trans isomers of 2-cyanocinnamonitrile, 2-chlorobenzylmalononitrile, 3-quinoline carbonitrile, and 3-isoquinoline carbonitrile. 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.(R) C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen, MD USA. RP Smith, PA (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Smith, Philip/A-6835-2009 OI Smith, Philip/0000-0003-3787-9111 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1040-7685 J9 J MICROCOLUMN SEP JI J. Microcolumn Sep. PY 2001 VL 13 IS 5 BP 186 EP 190 DI 10.1002/mcs.1040 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 472BL UT WOS:000170963200002 ER PT J AU Gabel, CR AF Gabel, CR TI World War II SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USA Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66026 USA. RP Gabel, CR (reprint author), USA Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66026 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 1 BP 240 EP 241 DI 10.2307/2677493 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 387JX UT WOS:000166120400068 ER PT J AU Hammond, WM AF Hammond, WM TI America's war in Vietnam: A short narrative history SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Ctr Mil Hist, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Hammond, WM (reprint author), USA, Ctr Mil Hist, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 1 BP 261 EP 262 DI 10.2307/2677509 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 387JX UT WOS:000166120400084 ER PT J AU McCarroll, JE Ursano, RJ Fullerton, CS Liu, X Lundy, A AF McCarroll, JE Ursano, RJ Fullerton, CS Liu, X Lundy, A TI Effects of exposure to death in a war mortuary on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms of intrusion and avoidance SO JOURNAL OF NERVOUS AND MENTAL DISEASE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN REMAINS; EVENT SCALE; DISASTER; RECOVERY; IMPACT AB Exposure to the dead has been an important subject for traumatic stress research, considering that such exposure is a risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Individuals required to handle the dead from war are exposed to multiple stressors. No previous studies, however, have examined pre- and post-responses to traumatic death. We studied the pre-post responses of 352 military men and women who worked in the mortuary that received the dead from the Persian Gulf War (Operation Desert Storm) in 1990 to 1991. The respondents were volunteers and nonvolunteers for assignment to the mortuary; some had prior experience in handling die dead and some did not. Symptoms of intrusion and avoidance were measured before and after exposure. Four groups were examined based on the degree of exposure to remains. Age, sex, volunteer status, and prior experience handling remains were statistically controlled. Post-exposure intrusion symptoms increased significantly for all groups exposed to the dead. Increased post-exposure avoidance symptoms were present in the two groups with the greatest exposure to remains. There were no significant increases in intrusion or avoidance in the unexposed group. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Deployment Hlth Clin Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Jefferson Med Coll, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RP McCarroll, JE (reprint author), 7508 Glenriddle Rd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-3018 J9 J NERV MENT DIS JI J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 189 IS 1 BP 44 EP 48 DI 10.1097/00005053-200101000-00008 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 395HA UT WOS:000166573900007 PM 11206664 ER PT J AU Abreu, CSH AF Abreu, CSH TI Nuclear medicine in the military SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. RP Abreu, CSH (reprint author), Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 42 IS 1 BP 16N EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 392TV UT WOS:000166429400006 ER PT J AU Ochoa, JB Strange, J Kearney, P Gellin, G Endean, E Fitzpatrick, E AF Ochoa, JB Strange, J Kearney, P Gellin, G Endean, E Fitzpatrick, E TI Effects of L-arginine on the proliferation of T lymphocyte subpopulations SO JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE-ENHANCING DIET; NITRIC-OXIDE; HOST DEFENSES; TRAUMA; METABOLISM; CELLS; INTERLEUKIN-2; MODULATION; POLYAMINES; PROTEIN AB Background: Dietary supplementation of L- arginine as a mechanism to enhance cellular immune response (T lymphocytes), has slowly gained approval, and appears especially important during critical illness. Despite its clinical use, little is known as to the direct effects of L-arginine on the different T lymphocyte subpopulations. Methods: Lymphocytes were harvested from spleens of C57 B1/6 mice, and proliferation was induced with anti-CD3 in the presence of different concentrations of L-arginine ranging from 0 to 1000 mu mol/L. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the effect of L-arginine on T lymphocyte subpopulations. Interleukin-2 production was measured by ELISA and gene expression by RT-PCR. Results: L-Arginine at or greater than 100 mu mol/L significantly enhanced anti-CD3 stimulated T lymphocyte proliferation (p = .01). L-Arginine was essential for adequate T lymphocyte (CD3+) cellular maturation (p = .01). Proliferation of Helper T cells (CD4+) was not dependent on L-arginine. In contrast, Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) showed a dose dependent proliferation in response to L-arginine (p = .01). Of the CD8+ cells, an increase in the CD45RA negative CD8 positive (memory)T cell subpopulation was observed with the addition of L-arginine. In addition, the number of cell surface CD8 receptors (CD8R) and CD3 receptors (CD8R) increased in the presence of L-arginine (p = .01, p = .04). Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-BR) expression was not up-regulated by L-arginine. L-Arginine modestly increased IL-2 production and had pronounced effects on its disappearance from the culture media (p < .0001). Interleukin-2 mRNA expression was not dependent on L-arginine. Conclusions: The requirements for L-arginine for the proliferation of CD3 stimulated T lymphocytes vary widely, and have to be taken into account when studying the mechanism of how L-arginine enhances cellular proliferation. L-Arginine may increase cellular proliferation by increasing specific receptor expression and the utilization of interleukin-2. C1 Univ Kentucky, Albert B Chandler Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Toxicol, Frederick, MD USA. RP Ochoa, JB (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Albert B Chandler Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 800 Rose St Rm C-22, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1 R25 GM55275-01, KO8-GM 000676-01] NR 29 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PARENTERAL & ENTERAL NUTRITION PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON STREET SUITE 412, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 0148-6071 J9 JPEN-PARENTER ENTER JI J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 25 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1177/014860710102500123 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 389JR UT WOS:000166235300007 PM 11190986 ER PT J AU O'Connor, JA Lin, JC Cordle, RA Lloyd, WC Lillis, PK O'Hara, M AF O'Connor, JA Lin, JC Cordle, RA Lloyd, WC Lillis, PK O'Hara, M TI Primary ocular posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease in pediatric liver transplant patients SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; DISORDER C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Pediat Consortium, Dept Pediat, MMNP, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ophthalmol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP O'Connor, JA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Pediat Consortium, Dept Pediat, MMNP, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 BP 89 EP 91 DI 10.1097/00005176-200101000-00023 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 388KG UT WOS:000166179200023 PM 11176333 ER PT J AU Militello, A Kraus, NC AF Militello, A Kraus, NC TI Generation of harmonics by sea breeze in nontidal water bodies SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID TIDAL PROPAGATION; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB The sea breeze introduces harmonics of its diurnal cycle into water bodies, which can be notable for strong sea breeze and microtidal and nontidal conditions. The harmonics can be of the same magnitude as those produced by bottom friction and dominate those produced by nonlinear terms in the equations of motion. A closed-form analytic solution of the linearized depth-averaged equations of motion including friction is discussed for the situation of a sea breeze blowing on an idealized one-dimensional basin of constant depth. The solution reveals the generation of odd harmonics introduced by the quadratic wind stress and role of (linearized) friction. Sea-breeze forcing on the idealized basin is numerically modeled, and agreement with the analytic solution is found. The numerical model is then run with quadratic bottom friction and nonlinear terms to compare relative contributions to the generation of harmonics. Harmonics of the water motion are distinguished as forced, or arising from the wind forcing, and as response, or arising from the interactions within the water. The hydrodynamics of Baffin Bay, Texas, are modeled and spatial variation and relative strength of the harmonics investigated. Baffin Bay is a large shallow embayment with a weak connection to the Gulf of Mexico that experiences a strong southeast wind and sea breeze during the summer. The wind induces even and odd forced harmonics through the combined quasi-steady southeast wind and sea breeze. At Baffin Bay, ratios of the semidiurnal to diurnal amplitudes of water level and current speed are found to be comparable to M-4/M-2 ratios for U.S. Atlantic coast embayments. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab CEERD HN C, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Militello, A (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab CEERD HN C, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1639 EP 1647 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1639:GOHBSB>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 443UR UT WOS:000169360500017 ER PT J AU Wright, CW Walsh, EJ Vandemark, D Krabill, WB Garcia, AW Houston, SH Powell, MD Black, PG Marks, FD AF Wright, CW Walsh, EJ Vandemark, D Krabill, WB Garcia, AW Houston, SH Powell, MD Black, PG Marks, FD TI Hurricane directional wave spectrum spatial variation in the open ocean SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB The sea surface directional wave spectrum was measured for the first time in all quadrants of a hurricane's inner core over open water. The NASA airborne scanning radar altimeter (SRA) carried aboard one of the NOAA WP-3D hurricane research aircraft at 1.5-km height acquired the open-ocean data on 24 August 1998 when Bonnie, a large hurricane with 1-min sustained surface winds of nearly 50 m s(-1), was about 400 km east of Abaco Island, Bahamas. The NOAA aircraft spent more than five hours within 180 km of the eye and made five eye penetrations. Grayscale coded images of Hurricane Bonnie wave topography include individual waves as high as 19 m peak to trough. The dominant waves generally propagated at significant angles to the downwind direction. At some positions, three different wave fields of comparable energy crossed each other. Partitioning the SRA directional wave spectra enabled determination of the characteristics of the various components of the hurricane wave field and mapping of their spatial variation. A simple model was developed to predict the dominant wave propagation direction. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Wright, CW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Code 972, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945 NR 19 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 31 IS 8 BP 2472 EP 2488 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<2472:HDWSSV>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 461ZR UT WOS:000170394200032 ER PT J AU Jiang, RZ Chu, D AF Jiang, RZ Chu, D TI Voltage-time behavior of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack at constant current discharge SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE fuel cell stack; discharge performance; PEMFC; fuel cell modeling; voltage-time behaviors ID MODEL DEVELOPMENT; PERFORMANCE AB Empirical equations were developed to describe the voltage-time behavior of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stacks at constant current discharge. When either ambient temperature or discharge current is too high, the experimental voltage-time curves exhibit rapidly falling cell voltage within a short discharge time. Various experimental voltage-time curves have been fitted very well with empirical equations at different discharge currents and ambient temperatures. The effect of parameters of the empirical equations on the shape of voltage-time curve is also analyzed. Inadequate mass-transfer is likely a reason for the voltage falling down rapidly, and polymer electrolyte membrane dehydration is responsible for the inclination of the voltage-time curves. The empirical equations are helpful for forecasting and explaining the long-term discharge performance of the PEMFC stacks. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chu, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN PY 2001 VL 92 IS 1-2 BP 193 EP 198 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(00)00540-1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 372LN UT WOS:000165235300027 ER PT J AU Hanus, MJ Evans, MD AF Hanus, MJ Evans, MD TI Instructor summer workshop - In pursuit of teaching excellence in the classroom SO JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Hanus, MJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 1052-3928 J9 J PROF ISS ENG ED PR JI J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 127 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1052-3928(2001)127:1(1) PG 3 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 384WP UT WOS:000165969700001 ER PT J AU Goodings, DJ Ketcham, SA AF Goodings, DJ Ketcham, SA TI Research versus practice in transportation geotechnics: Can we bridge the chasm? SO JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article AB Both practitioners and academic researchers have become exasperated by what they perceive to be a disappointingly small impact of research spending on practice. Obstacles to successful implementation of academic geotechnical engineering research are discussed. From the practitioner's point of view, these obstacles include the conflict between the practical demands of their work environment and what academic researchers are equipped to produce, as well as the consequences to the research initiation and implementation process of the practice in many states of contracting out engineering design services rather than maintaining inhouse engineering design staff. From the academic researcher's point of view, obstacles arise largely from the demands research universities place on their geotechnical land civil) engineering faculty, and the absence of the research and implementation infrastructure that exists for the market driven, manufacturing-oriented disciplines of engineering and science. Several models of existing bridging mechanisms are described, including the innovative efforts of individuals, progressive state and federal programs within and outside universities, and the development of small, specialized geotechnical consulting firms. C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Cold Reg Res Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. RP Goodings, DJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 1052-3928 J9 J PROF ISS ENG ED PR JI J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 127 IS 1 BP 26 EP 31 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1052-3928(2001)127:1(26) PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 384WP UT WOS:000165969700008 ER PT J AU Calhoon, WH AF Calhoon, WH TI Computational assessment of afterburning cessation mechanisms in fuel-rich rocket exhaust plumes SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID SUPERSONIC TURBULENT COMBUSTION; DIFFUSION FLAMES; MIXING LAYERS; NUMBER AB Fundamental physical processes governing the cessation or shutdown of the afterburning of fuel-rich rocket exhaust with the atmosphere were identified. Several mechanisms were examined, including 1) a relaminarization phenomenon, 2) a Damkohler number effect, and 3) a classical dame extinction mechanism. Analysis of the simulation results revealed the relaminarization mechanism to be implausible, whereas the Damkohler number effect and the dame extinction mechanisms were found to be valid. The extinction mechanism was also found to dramatically alter the emission characteristics and enhance the rate at which shutdown occurs. This shutdown enhancement has important implications with respect to radiative heat transfer to the body and missile defense system development. This is a significant finding because strain-rate induced extinction is a previously unrecognized phenomenon occurring in rocket exhaust plumes during afterburning cessation. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Systems Simulat & Dev Directorate, Washington, DC USA. RP Calhoon, WH (reprint author), Combust Res & Flow Technol Inc, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 17 IS 1 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.2514/2.5715 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 393FG UT WOS:000166458100014 ER PT J AU Hondrum, SO AF Hondrum, SO TI Changes in properties of nonaqueous elastomeric impression materials after storage of components SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYSULFIDE AB Statement of problem. Storage stability, or shelf life, is a critical property of perishable dental materials. Purpose. The purpose of this investigation was to document changes in the properties of nonaqueous elastomeric impression materials over time and on exposure to various environmental conditions. Material. and methods. Materials investigated included a polyether impression material, a polysulfide material (light, regular, and heavy consistencies), and an addition-reaction silicone material (light, regular, heavy, and putty consistencies). Tests included viscosity of individual pastes, elastic recovery, working and setting times, strain in compression, dimensional change, creep compliance, and tear energy. Means and standard deviations were calculated for each test interval. Statistical analysis included 2-way ANOVA (variables: time and storage condition) and comparison to baseline values using 1-way ANOVA (variable: time) and Scheffe's multiple comparison test (P less than or equal to .05) within each material, consistency, and test. Results. Results over 72 months revealed changes in viscosity, working/setting times, elastic recovery, and creep compliance. Separation of components was seen with polysulfide and addition silicone materials. Some batches of polysulfide base paste and polyether reactor paste solidified in the tube. Conclusion. Most batches of the materials and consistencies tested remained efficacious well past their designated shelf lives under a variety of storage and use conditions. Data for the addition-reaction silicone impression material changed little during the 72-month testing period; thus, the material map be considered relatively storage stable. Creep compliance was the most precise storage-stability indicator. The storage stability of perishable materials should be addressed in American Dental Association Specifications. C1 USA, Dent Mat Lab, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Hondrum, SO (reprint author), USA, Dent Mat Lab, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 85 IS 1 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1067/mpr.2001.112407 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 404DA UT WOS:000167081100016 PM 11174682 ER PT J AU Hsieh, AJ Song, JW AF Hsieh, AJ Song, JW TI Measurements of ballistic impact response of novel coextruded PC/PMMA multilayered-composites SO JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE coextrusion multilayering; polycarbonate (PC); poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA); ballistic impact; mode of failure; layer thickness ID MICROLAYER COMPOSITES; POLYCARBONATE; BLENDS; POLY(STYRENE-ACRYLONITRILE); BEHAVIOR AB Ballistic impact behavior of coextruded composites consisting of alternate layers of ductile polycarbonate (PC) and brittle poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were investigated. These PC/PMMA composites were 256, 1024, 2048 and 4096 layers; each consisted of various component compositions and their corresponding layer thickness was on the order of micron or sub-micron scale. Individual layer thickness of PMMA was determined to be critical for the impact response of these ductile/brittle hybrids. A brittle mode of failure was encountered as the thickness of PMMA layers reached 0.5 mum or higher, regardless of their composition or layer configuration. Damage zone size increased significantly as the PMMA layer thickness reduced to approximately 0.36 mum; a mixed mode of failure resulted in these PC/PMMA composites. With the PMMA layer thickness further reduced to approximately 0.14 mum, ductile deformation, which was predominant in the pure PC, occurred in these coextruded composites. Ballistic impact energy data showed that the extent of energy absorption or dissipation increased with an increase in either the PC content or the total number of layers. These results further revealed that the individual layer thickness of PMMA was the critical material parameter, and the determined impact energy values were consistently higher for the composites with PMMA layer thickness being 0.14 mm or thinner. Adhesion between the layers appeared to be very good since delamination did not occur whether these PC/PMMA composites failed in a brittle or a ductile mode. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Polymers Res Branch,AMSRL WM MA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Hsieh, AJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Polymers Res Branch,AMSRL WM MA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 0731-6844 J9 J REINF PLAST COMP JI J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. PY 2001 VL 20 IS 3 BP 239 EP 254 AR PII JFT57B0BMUXLRUET DI 10.1106/JFT5-7B0B-MUXL-RUET PG 16 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 413RA UT WOS:000167624600004 ER PT J AU Parysow, P Wang, G Gertner, G Anderson, AB AF Parysow, P Wang, G Gertner, G Anderson, AB TI Assessing uncertainty of erodibility factor in national cooperative soil surveys: a case study at Fort Hood, Texas SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE erodibility; geostatistics; K-factor; soil loss; spatial uncertainty; USLE ID LOSS EQUATION; RUSLE AB Soil erodibility is the inherent susceptibility of soil to be lost to erosion. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is an erosion model that predicts soil loss as a function of soil erodibility (known as K-factor), as well as topographic, rainfall/runoff, cover, and support management factors. The National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS) has assigned each soil series (minimum mapping unit) one value of K representing classes of soil erodibility. Information contained in those surveys implies that K-factor values are free of estimation errors, and remain unchanged not only across whole soil series but also over time. However, evidence provided by soil science literature challenge those assumptions. The objective of this study was to evaluate variability and uncertainty in K-factor as reported by the NCSS at Fort Hood, Texas. We obtained one K value from each of 524 soil samples collected in the late summer of 1998 following a 10 m square grid. For each soil series, sampled K means were significantly different than K values proposed by NCSS, and intraseries coefficients of variation showed variability of up to about 20%. Sampled K values disregarded NCSS soil series boundaries and departed from NCSS K values as the distance from the soil series boundary increased. The USLE estimates of soil loss using sampled K versus NCSS K were also significantly different. Limitations in K estimation from typical pedons of original soil surveys, soil misclassification, as well as changes in surface soil structure may have contributed to the differences found. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Labs, Nat Resources Assessment & Management Div, Champaign, IL USA. RP Parysow, P (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PY 2001 VL 56 IS 3 BP 207 EP 211 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 505WJ UT WOS:000172938300010 ER PT J AU Brumage, MR Chinn, S Cho, K AF Brumage, MR Chinn, S Cho, K TI Teleradiology in a military training area SO JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE LA English DT Article AB A pilot teleradiology project was established for the medical service providers at the Pohakuloa Training Area (PTA) in Hawaii. It connected them with radiologists at Tripler Army Medical Center (TAMC) on the island of Oahu, approximately 400 km away. This involved changing the standard practice of sending soldiers from the PTA to a civilian hospital in Hilo for radiographs. These emergency trips to Hilo, 55 km away, were expensive, manpower intensive, and dangerous due to road and weather conditions. During 51 days of a training exercise involving 2600 personnel, 29 evacuations were avoided, which would have cost $36,569 in total. The expected savings during one year of training were $176,540. The cost of teleradiology during the first year, including the cost of the equipment, was $167,203. Over five years, the costs and savings were estimated to be $349,940 and $882,700, respectively. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pacific E Hlth Innovat Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. USA Med Corps, Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Chinn, S (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pacific E Hlth Innovat Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND SN 1357-633X J9 J TELEMED TELECARE JI J. Telemed. Telecare PY 2001 VL 7 IS 6 BP 348 EP 352 DI 10.1258/1357633011936994 PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 500WT UT WOS:000172651900007 PM 11747637 ER PT J AU Albert, DG AF Albert, DG TI Acoustic waveform inversion with application to seasonal snow covers SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; GROUND SURFACES; SHAPE FACTORS; PROPAGATION; IMPEDANCE; SOUND; MODELS AB The amplitude and waveform shape of atmospheric acoustic pulses propagating horizontally over a seasonal snow cover are profoundly changed by the air forced into the snow pores as the pulses move over the surface. This interaction greatly reduces the pulse amplitude and elongates the waveform compared to propagation above other ground surfaces. To investigate variations in snow-cover effects, acoustic pulses were recorded while propagating horizontally over 11 different naturally occurring snow covers during two winters. Two inversion procedures were developed to automatically match the observed waveforms by varying the snow-cover parameters in theoretical calculations. A simple frequency-domain technique to match the dominant frequency of the measured waveform suffered from multiple solutions and poor waveform matching, while a time-domain minimization method gave unique solutions and excellent waveform agreement. Results show that the effective flow resistivity and depth of the snow are the parameters controlling waveform shape, with the pore shape factor ratio of secondary importance. Inversion estimates gave flow resistivities ranging from 11 to 29 kN sm(-4), except for two late-season cases where values of 60 and 140 were determined (compared to 345 for the vegetation-covered site in the summer). Acoustically determined snow depths agreed with the measured values in all but one case, when the depth to a snow layer interface instead of the total snow depth was determined. Except for newly fallen snow, the pore shape factor ratio values clustered near two values that appear to correspond to wet (1.0) or dry (0.8) snow. [DOI: 10.1121/1.1328793]. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Albert, DG (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 66 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 109 IS 1 BP 91 EP 101 DI 10.1121/1.1328793 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 391VR UT WOS:000166377400010 PM 11206182 ER PT J AU Yanase, DJ David-Bajar, K AF Yanase, DJ David-Bajar, K TI The leukotriene antagonist montelukast as a therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASTHMA; INFLAMMATION; AIRWAYS; PATHWAY AB Background: Cysteinyl leukotrienes have been shown to be important in the pathogenesis of allergen-induced (atopic) asthma and rhinitis. Skin manifestations of atopic dermatitis have been reported to improve with leukotriene antagonists. Montelukast, a newer leukotriene antagonist, which is efficacious and safe in patients with asthma 6 years of age and older, has not been reported as therapy for atopic dermatitis. This article reports findings from a pilot study designed to determine whether montelukast is effective in decreasing the signs or symptoms of atopic dermatitis. Objective: Our purpose was to compare the efficacy of montelukast with placebo as a treatment for patients with atopic dermatitis. Methods: The study. involve 8 adult patients (male and female) with at least 1 year of intermittent or persistent atopic dermatitis as determined by Hanifin criteria. Medication was given in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover manner over 8 weeks as adjunctive treatment. Global evaluation of 6 signs (erythema, induration, excoriation, lichenification, scaling, erosion) were scored on a 0 to 3 scale each week, with a blinded investigator evaluating at the initiation, crossover, and final visit. A 30% decrease in total score was considered clinically significant. Results: A significant difference in atopic dermatitis scores between placebo and active agent (P =.014) was recognized. There was no significant interaction between order and treatment. Atopic dermatitis scores tended to he higher with placebo. The mean standard deviation was 8.7 +/- 2.0. The mean fur active agent was 6.8 +/- 2.1. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that there is a modest, but significant, alleviation of atopic dermatitis with the use of the leukotriene antagonist montelukast used in an adjunctive manner over a 4-week period. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Yanase, DJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 19 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 44 IS 1 BP 89 EP 93 DI 10.1067/mjd.2001.111352 PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 389YX UT WOS:000166267200014 PM 11148482 ER PT J AU Foster, MA Gering, SA Bradley, YC AF Foster, MA Gering, SA Bradley, YC TI Sister Mary Joseph's sign from metastatic disease of the pancreas SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Article C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Foster, MA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 192 IS 1 BP 130 EP 130 DI 10.1016/S1072-7515(00)00770-5 PG 1 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 389UT UT WOS:000166257600018 PM 11192913 ER PT J AU Jones, RH Jones, NL Hammond, TW AF Jones, RH Jones, NL Hammond, TW TI Using notched tray modification for accurate double-arch impressions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 USA, Dent Corps, Ft Richardson, AL USA. RP Jones, NL (reprint author), 310 N 400 E, Nephi, UT 84648 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 132 IS 1 BP 73 EP 74 PG 2 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 392GQ UT WOS:000166403700025 PM 11194402 ER PT J AU Zhong, ZK Sun, XS Fang, XH Ratto, JA AF Zhong, ZK Sun, XS Fang, XH Ratto, JA TI Adhesion properties of soy protein with fiber cardboard SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adhesive strength; fiber cardboard; protein adhesives; soy protein; soy protein isolate; water resistance; wood adhesive AB Adhesion properties of soy protein isolate (SPI) on fiber cardboard and effects of press conditions, pre-pressing drying time, and protein concentrations on gluing strength were investigated. Shear strength increased as press time, press pressure, and/or press temperature increased. The effect of temperature on shear strength became more significant at high press pressure. The shear strength uf the SPI adhesive on fiber card board decreased by 12-25% after water soaking. Shear strength increased as pre-pressing drying time increased and reached its maximal value at about 10 min. An SPI/water ratio of 12:100 (W/W) Save the highest gluing strength. The specimens showed complete cohesive failure (fiber cardboard failure) except for soaked specimens pressed at low press temperature, low pressure, and short press time. Specimens pressed at 25 degreesC and 2 MPa for 5 min with pre-pressing drying time of 10 min and an SPI/water ratio of 12:100 (w/w) had T-peel strength and tensile bonding strength of 1.15 N/mm and 0.62 MPa, respectively, without water soaking, and 1.11 N/mm and 0.24 MPa, respectively, with water soaking. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USA, Soldier Syst Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Sun, XS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 11 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 78 IS 1 BP 37 EP 41 DI 10.1007/s11746-001-0216-0 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 395HG UT WOS:000166574500007 ER PT J AU Andreas, EL Emanuel, KA AF Andreas, EL Emanuel, KA TI Effects of sea spray on tropical cyclone intensity SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; HURRICANE INTENSITY; WIND-STRESS; DROPLETS; HEAT; TEMPERATURE; EXCHANGE; SURFACE; MODEL; STATE AB The intensity of tropical cyclones is sensitive to the rates at which enthalpy and momentum are transferred between sea and air in the high-wind core of the storm. Present models of the wind dependence of these transfer rates suggest that the effective drag coefficient is more than twice the effective enthalpy transfer coefficient at wind speeds above 25 m s(-1). Using this ratio in numerical models, however, makes it impossible to sustain storms of greater than marginal hurricane intensity. Some other physical process must, therefore, enhance enthalpy transfer at very high wind speeds. This paper suggests that re-entrant sea spray explains this enhanced transfer. When a spray droplet is ejected from the ocean, it remains airborne long enough to cool to a temperature below the local air temperature but not long enough to evaporate an appreciable fraction of its mass. The spray droplet thus gives up sensible heat and returns to the sea before it has time to extract back from the atmosphere the heat necessary to continue its evaporation. Microphysical modeling, combined with data from the Humidity Exchange over the Sea Experiment (HEXOS), makes it possible to derive an expression for the net enthalpy transfer of re-entrant spray. This spray enthalpy flux is roughly cubic in wind speed. When this relation is used in a numerical simulation of a hurricane, the spray more than compensates for the observed increase in the ratio of drag and enthalpy transfer coefficients with wind speed. The momentum flux associated with sea spray is an important energy sink that moderates the effects of this spray enthalpy flux. Including a parameterization for this momentum sink along with wave drag and spray enthalpy transfer in the hurricane simulation produces results that are similar to ones based on equal transfer coefficients. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Andreas, EL (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 51 TC 94 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PY 2001 VL 58 IS 24 BP 3741 EP 3751 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<3741:EOSSOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 500HP UT WOS:000172621200004 ER PT J AU Godfrey, TA AF Godfrey, TA TI On thermo-mechanical coupling and heat transfer in the high-strain-rate extension of continuous filament yarns SO JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE LA English DT Article AB The effect of thermo-mechanical coupling arising from fiber plasticity on the load-extension behavior of continuous filament yarns extended at high-strain rates is investigated using an analytical approach. The plastic deformation behavior of the fibers is assumed to follow a simple constitutive relation incorporating linear thermal softening and linear strain hardening. A micromechanical model for fiber-to-fiber heat conduction is developed and used to analyze heat transfer within the yarn. Fiber-to-fiber heat conduction is shown to be quite sensitive to the size of the fiber contact region. Results are presented for the temperature rise and tension in a single 0.72 tex nylon fiber and a simulated 195 tex nylon yarn during extension at a variety of strain rates. The nylon yarn exhibits a significant thermal softening effect when extended at strain rates of 0.1 s(-1) and higher. Fiber temperatures are seen to vary significantly from the interior to the surface of the yarn at a strain rate of 0.1 s(-1), but at higher rates, say 5 s(-1), the temperature distribution is seen to be nearly uniform. The analysis here and in previous work is used to interpret some literature experimental results on high-strain-rate extension of nylon yarns. C1 USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Godfrey, TA (reprint author), USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEXTILE INST PI MANCHESTER PA 1ST FL, ST JAMES BLDGS, 79 OXFORD ST, MANCHESTER M1 6FQ, ENGLAND SN 0040-5000 J9 J TEXT I JI J. Text. Inst. PY 2001 VL 92 IS 1 BP 16 EP 33 PN 1 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 637GX UT WOS:000180504300003 ER PT J AU Chung, PW Tamma, KK Namburu, RR AF Chung, PW Tamma, KK Namburu, RR TI Homogenization of temperature-dependent thermal conductivity in composite materials SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 37th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 11-14, 1999 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Of the various homogenization approaches, the asymptotic expansion homogenization (AEH) approach for homogenizing nonlinear composite material properties continues to grow in prominence due to its ability to handle complex microstructural shapes while relating continuum fields of different scales. The objective is to study the AEH approach for nonlinear thermal heat conduction with temperature-dependent conductivity. First, two approaches are proposed to investigate the sensitivity of the homogenized conductivity to higher-order terms of the asymptotic series. Under conditions of symmetry such as in unidirectional composites, the two approaches give the same homogenized properties, Then validations are shown fur unidirectional composites for changing volume fraction and temperature. The validations are performed using measurements and analytical formulas available in the literature. The findings show good agreement between the present numerical predictions and independent results. Finally, a simple nonlinear steady-state heat conduction problem is demonstrated to illustrate the multi-scale procedure, The numerically predicted results are verified using a Runge-Kutta solution. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Chung, PW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, 111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 10 EP 17 DI 10.2514/2.6590 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 396RX UT WOS:000166651300001 ER PT J AU Hoppel, CPR Pangborn, RN Thomson, RW AF Hoppel, CPR Pangborn, RN Thomson, RW TI Damage accumulation during multiple stress level fatigue of short-glass-fiber reinforced styrene-maleic anhydride SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE short fiber composite; fatigue; Miner's rule; life prediction; damage accumulation; thermoplastic ID LIFE PREDICTION AB Multi-stress fatigue of short-glass-fiber-reinforced styrene-maleic anhydride (S/MA) composite materials has been studied. Specimens were tested in tension-tension fatigue (R = 0.1) in two patterns: high-stress fatigue followed by low-stress fatigue (high-low) and low s tress followed by high stress (low-high). Results were analyzed using the Palmgren-Miner cumulative damage law. High-low fatigue gave Miner's sums very close to unity, and Miner's sums below unity were obtained for low-high fatigue. A minimum value below unity for low-high fatigue corresponded to a regime in which the first block of cycling was carried to 15% of the life. These results were interpreted by evaluating the evolution of damage and the role of plastic deformation in the fatigue behavior. The high-stress fatigue created a more extensive region of crazing in the matrix material. This plastic deformation increased the mechanical clamping force on the short fibers, making the composite more resistant to subsequent low-stress fatigue testing. When specimens were tested in low-stress fatigue first, cracking occurred in the composite without as much plastic deformation. These cracks were extended by subsequent high-stress fatigue, leading to earlier failure of the composite. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USAF, Dayton, OH USA. RP Hoppel, CPR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 0892-7057 J9 J THERMOPLAST COMPOS JI J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1 BP 84 EP 94 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 413RQ UT WOS:000167626100006 ER PT J AU Miller, TL Graham, JS Hayes, TL Reid, FM AF Miller, TL Graham, JS Hayes, TL Reid, FM TI Stability of sulfur mustard in vehicles suitable for cutaneous exposure of swine SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SKIN; PIG AB Sulfur mustard (SM) is a blistering chemical warfare agent capable of forming deep, bullous lesions in man that heal very slowly and tend to become infected. We have developed a swine model that is used to evaluate candidate treatment regimens for the SM injury. To expand our wound-healing studies, SM mixtures suitable for cutaneous exposure were needed so that a large total body surface area (TBSA) could be covered during the SM application. The vehicles selected for use in the SM exposure experiments would have to be miscible with SM, form a stable mixture, be soluble in an organic solvent that is required for the stability evaluation, be nontoxic, and not interfere with the SM reaction on the skin. Four candidate vehicles were selected for testing. The vehicles were peanut oil, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 200, and PEG 400. During preliminary screening, PEG 400 was eliminated as a candidate because it was not soluble in hexane, and least soluble in chloroform and methylene chloride. Propylene glycol was eliminated since it did not mix with SM. The SM mixtures of peanut oil and PEG 200 were prepared for stability testing over the 25-75% SM concentration range. The results show that the SM mixtures prepared with peanut oil and PEG 200 at the 25, 50, and 75% levels are stable for more than 8 days when stored at 21 degreesC (room temperature) and more than 35 days when stored at -70 degreesC (freezer). C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Med Res & Evaluat Facil, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Miller, TL (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Med Res & Evaluat Facil, 505 King Ave,JM-3, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3829 J9 J TOXICOL-CUTAN OCUL JI J. Toxicol.-Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 2001 VL 20 IS 2-3 BP 61 EP 69 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA 505NE UT WOS:000172918200001 ER PT J AU Pusateri, AE Holcomb, JB Bhattacharyya, SN Harris, RA Gomez, RR MacPhee, MJ Enriquez, JI Delgado, AV Charles, NC Hess, JR AF Pusateri, AE Holcomb, JB Bhattacharyya, SN Harris, RA Gomez, RR MacPhee, MJ Enriquez, JI Delgado, AV Charles, NC Hess, JR TI Different hypotensive responses to intravenous bovine and human thrombin preparations in swine SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the International-Society-of-Trombosis-and-Haemostasis CY JUN 06-12, 1997 CL FLORENCE, ITALY SP Int Soc Trombosis Haemostasis DE thrombin; hypotension; swine; bovine; human ID FACTOR-V; MOLECULAR MECHANISMS; TOPICAL THROMBIN; FIBRIN GLUE; COAGULATION; PLATELET; SURGERY; HEMORRHAGE; EXPOSURE; PEPTIDES AB Background: Accidental intravenous introduction of commercial bovine thrombin (BT) during use of fibrin glue may result in profound hypotension. Commercial human thrombin (HT) is now available. This study compared the effects of intravenous BT versus HT in swine. Methods: Swine received 30 U/kg BT, 60 U/kg BT, 30 U/kg HT, or 60 U/kg HT intravenously. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and survival were monitored for 30 minutes. Thrombin purities and in vitro activities were examined, Results: MAP nadir was lower (p < 0.05) after BT, 27.7 +/- 3.3% (mean +/- SEM) of pretreatment MAP, compared,vith 41.1 +/- 3.7% after HT, Five of six animals died after 60 U/kg BT, whereas all others survived (p < 0.05), Histology suggested more severe disseminated intravascular coagulation after BT, HT was purer than BT, In vitro activities were similar. Conclusion: Both BT and HT produced hypotension. HT appeared safer, because of higher purity, Regardless of source and purity, thrombin must be used with caution. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, Washington, DC USA. RP Pusateri, AE (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JAN PY 2001 VL 50 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1097/00005373-200101000-00015 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 392UQ UT WOS:000166431300015 PM 11231675 ER PT J AU Bolton, EE Litz, BT Britt, TW Adler, A Roemer, L AF Bolton, EE Litz, BT Britt, TW Adler, A Roemer, L TI Reports of prior exposure to potentially traumatic events and PTSD in troops poised for deployment SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS LA English DT Article DE rates of exposure; PTSD; military personnel; lifetime ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; VIETNAM VETERANS; MILITARY PERSONNEL; GULF-WAR; FEMALE; SAMPLE; PREVALENCE; SOLDIERS; SYMPTOMS; IMPACT AB Exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology, and the mental health status of 2,947 military personnel were assessed prior to deployment on a peacekeeping mission. Approximately 74% of the soldiers reported being exposed to at least one PTE. The mean number of PTEs reported was 2.38, most of which did not occur during previous deployments. Approximately 6% of the participants exceeded our screening criteria for PTSD and 43% endorsed elevated levels of psychological distress. These findings document a high rate of exposure to PTEs in soldiers prior to their deployment. These results also highlight the need to screen for PTEs when attempting to isolate the rates of PTSD following a specific traumatic event and to examine the effects of cumulative exposure to PTEs. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med,Psychol Serv 116B2, Vet Affairs Med Ctr,Behav Sci Div, Boston Dept,Natl Ctr Posttraumat Stress Disorder, Boston, MA 02130 USA. USA, Med Res Unit Europe, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. Univ Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RP Bolton, EE (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med,Psychol Serv 116B2, Vet Affairs Med Ctr,Behav Sci Div, Boston Dept,Natl Ctr Posttraumat Stress Disorder, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130 USA. OI Roemer, Lizabeth/0000-0002-2453-5435 NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0894-9867 J9 J TRAUMA STRESS JI J. Trauma Stress PD JAN PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1023/A:1007864305207 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 563XH UT WOS:000176282900019 ER PT J AU Suder, KL Hathaway, MD Thorp, SA Strazisar, AJ Bright, MB AF Suder, KL Hathaway, MD Thorp, SA Strazisar, AJ Bright, MB TI Compressor stability enhancement using discrete tip injection SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY ID SPEED AXIAL COMPRESSOR; ROTATING STALL CONTROL; INLET DISTORTION; ACTIVE STABILIZATION; STAGE; CLEARANCE; SURGE; ROTOR; FLOW; FAN AB Mass injection upstream of the tip of a high-speed axial compressor rotor is a stability enhancement approach known to be effective in suppressing stall in tip-critical rotors. This process is examined in a transonic axial compressor rotor through experiments and time-averaged Navier-Stokes CFD simulations. Measurements and simulations for discrete injection are presented for. a range of injection rates nr and distributions of injectors around the annulus. The simulations indicate that tip injection increases stability by unloading the rotor tr;a and that increasing injection velocity improves the effectiveness of tip injection. For the rested rotor, experimental results demonstrate that at 70 percent speed the stalling flow coefficient can be reduced by 30 percent using an injected massflow; equivalent to I percent of the annulus flow. At design speed, the stalling flow coefficient was reduced by 6 percent rising an injected massflow equivalent to 2 percent of the annulus pow. The experiments show that stability enhancement is related to the mass-averaged axial velocity at the tip. For a given injected massflow, the mass-averaged axial velocity at the tip is increased by injecting flow over-discrete portions of the circumference as opposed to full-annular injection. The implications of these results on the design of recirculating casing treatments and other methods to enhance stability will be discussed. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. USA, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Suder, KL (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 31 TC 84 Z9 95 U1 3 U2 20 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2001 VL 123 IS 1 BP 14 EP 23 DI 10.1115/1.1330272 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 403PF UT WOS:000167051100003 ER PT J AU Thurman, D Poinsatte, P AF Thurman, D Poinsatte, P TI Experimental heat transfer and bulk air temperature measurements for a multipass internal cooling model with ribs and bleed SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY ID PASSAGES; FRICTION; CHANNEL AB An experimental study was made to obtain heat transfer and air temperature data for a simple three-leg serpentine lest section that simulates a turbine blade internal cooling passage with trip strips and bleed holes. The objectives were to investigate the interaction of ribs and various bleed conditions on internal cooling and to gain a better understanding of bulk air temperature in an internal passage. Steady-state heat transfer measurements were obtained using a transient technique with thermochromic liquid crystals. Trip strips were attached to one wall of the test section and were located either between or near the bleed holes. The bleed holes, used for film cooling, were metered to simulate the effect of external pressure on the turbine blade. Heat transfer enhancement was found ro be greater for ribs near bleed holes compared to ribs between holes, and both configuration rations were affected slightly by bleed rates upstream. Air temperature measurements were taken at discrete locations along one leg of the model. Average bulk air temperatures were found to remain fairly constant along one leg of the model. C1 USA, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Thurman, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2001 VL 123 IS 1 BP 90 EP 96 DI 10.1115/1.1333090 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 403PF UT WOS:000167051100016 ER PT J AU Zakar, E Dubey, M Piekarski, B Conrad, J Piekarz, R Widuta, R AF Zakar, E Dubey, M Piekarski, B Conrad, J Piekarz, R Widuta, R TI Process and fabrication of a lead zirconate titanate thin film pressure sensor SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article AB Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ferroelectric material is highly attractive for sensor and actuator device applications. Static pressure sensor structures were fabricated using sol-gel deposited PZT spin coated onto Pt/SiO2/Si substrates, with the platinum layer forming the bottom electrode. A subsequent platinum layer deposited onto the PZT formed the device top electrode. The resultant Pt/PZT/Pt/SiO2/Si stacks were patterned with photoresist and defined by ion beam milling and reactive ion etching in a HC2CLF4 plasma to form electrical capacitor structures. Capacitance measurements were performed on 200 mu mX200 mum and 300 mu mX300 mum dimension structures over the frequency range 0.12-100 kHz. Capacitance remained relatively unchanged over this frequency range, with a magnitude corresponding to its predicted value along with a low dissipation factor (0.02), thus verifying the high quality of the device structures. The device is intended to measure pressure in the range of 10 000-100 000 psi. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zakar, E (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 19 IS 1 BP 345 EP 348 DI 10.1116/1.1326935 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 394BY UT WOS:000166505200052 ER PT J AU Zhang, LQ He, T Talal, A Wang, G Frankel, SS Ho, DD AF Zhang, LQ He, T Talal, A Wang, G Frankel, SS Ho, DD TI In vivo distribution of the human immunodeficiency virus/simian immunodeficiency virus coreceptors: CXCR4, CCR3, and CCR5 (vol 72, pg 5035, 1998) SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Rockefeller Univ, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Parasit & Infect Dis Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Zhang, LQ (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 75 IS 2 BP 1091 EP 1091 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 385QK UT WOS:000166015000061 ER PT J AU Walton, TL Garcia, AW AF Walton, TL Garcia, AW TI Back-propagation neural network in tidal-level forecasting - Discussion SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Coast & Hydr Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Walton, TL (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Coast & Hydr Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 127 IS 1 BP 57 EP 58 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2001)127:1(57) PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 385BT UT WOS:000165982300011 ER PT J AU Kim, MG Pittman, CU Nicholas, DD Schultz, TP Ingram, LL Kabir, FRA Wang, L Wu, Y Ivankoe, M AF Kim, MG Pittman, CU Nicholas, DD Schultz, TP Ingram, LL Kabir, FRA Wang, L Wu, Y Ivankoe, M TI Wood made decontaminable of chemical warfare agents after sunlight weathering or abrasion SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FORMALDEHYDE AB Methods of making wood decontaminable of major chemical warfare agents were investigated using phenol-formaldehyde and polyurethane resins. Selected phenol-formaldehyde resins impregnated in southern yellow pine gave enhanced dimensional stability and fire resistance properties without decreasing strength properties, but the decontaminability for one major chemical warfare agent was inadequate. Selected polyurethane resins impregnated in southern yellow pine gave enhanced dimensional stability and strength properties with only a minor deterioration in fire properties, and southern yellow pine, red oak, and aspen impregnated with these polyurethane resins were adequately decontaminated of all three major chemical warfare agents. A polyurethane resin that performs adequately as a coating material for this purpose was also identified. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Mississippi Forest Prod Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Chem, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Univ Ind Chem Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Packaging Div, Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, NJ 07806 USA. RP Kim, MG (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Mississippi Forest Prod Lab, Box 9820, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 2001 VL 21 IS 3 BP 263 EP 283 DI 10.1081/WCT-100105376 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 471XN UT WOS:000170954100005 ER PT J AU Nicholas, DD Kim, MG Pittman, CU Schultz, TP Ingram, LL Kabir, FRA Wasson, L Wang, L Ivankoe, M AF Nicholas, DD Kim, MG Pittman, CU Schultz, TP Ingram, LL Kabir, FRA Wasson, L Wang, L Ivankoe, M TI Polyurethane resins-treated wood pallets which are decontaminable of chemical warfare agents SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Wood pallets manufactured by impregnating and coating wood with selected polyurethane resins performed comparably to steel control pallets in decontamination of major chemical warfare agents before and after being subjected to various rough-handling and strength test procedures. Cost calculations showed that the wood pallets would be competitive with steel pallets. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Mississippi Forest Prod Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Univ Ind Chem Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Chem, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Packaging Div, Picatinny Div, Dover, NJ 07806 USA. RP Kim, MG (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Mississippi Forest Prod Lab, Box 9820, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 2001 VL 21 IS 3 BP 285 EP 298 DI 10.1081/WCT-100105377 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 471XN UT WOS:000170954100006 ER PT S AU Schuschereba, ST Brown, J Stuck, BE Marshall, J AF Schuschereba, ST Brown, J Stuck, BE Marshall, J BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Untoward effects of high dose methylprednisolone therapy on blood-retinal barrier closure, retinal hole repair, and long-term scarring. SO LASER AND NONCHOHERENT LIGHT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Light Ocular Effects CY JAN 22, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, SPIE DE laser-induced retinal injury; treatment; methylprednisolone; neuroprotection; immunosuppression; inflammation; neutrophil; retinal hemorrhage; retinal hole; scarring ID SPINAL-CORD INJURY; HUMAN NEUTROPHILS; LASER; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; ACTIVATION; APOPTOSIS AB Thirty-seven New Zealand Red rabbits were either dosed with methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MP, n=18) about 20 min before laser irradiation, or they were left untreated (n=19). Dosing with MP was tapered at 30, 30, 20, 20, and 10 mg/kg/day for five consecutive days. Retinas were irradiated with a multi-line argon laser to produce retinal injuries (grid of 16 lesions/eye) near hemorrhaging: levels (285 mW/10msec, 290 mum retinal spot size). A variety of funduscopic and histologic assessments were made for hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic lesions from 10 min to 6 mo after injury. Fluorescein angiography showed that non-hemorrhagic control lesions stopped leaking at 3d post injury, but MP-treated lesions leaked for 2-4 days longer. After MP treatment funduscopic lesion areas were similar to controls during the first 24 h then became smaller by 1 mo. After 1 mo, MP-treated lesions increased in area while controls became reduced. Histologic analysis showed no effect on reduction of neutrophils (PMN) in MP-treated lesions over controls at 3 hr. At 24 hr, retinal PMN values in hemorrhagic lesions of the MP group were elevated (p <0.05) while monocyte/macrophage counts were reduced (p <0.05) compared to control. At 4d, MP impeded replacement of lost retinal tissue, and contributed to retinal hole development at 1 mo followed by extensive enhancement of chorio-retinal scarring at 6 mo. In severe laser-induced retinal trauma, the immunosuppressive effects of high dose MP therapy contributed to a variety of untoward wound healing outcomes, thereby suggesting caution in its use to treat similar injuries in humans. C1 USA, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP USA, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3924-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4246 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1117/12.426715 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Ophthalmology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Ophthalmology; Optics; Physics GA BS41E UT WOS:000169776700001 ER PT S AU Brown, J Zwick, H Schuschereba, ST Stuck, BE AF Brown, J Zwick, H Schuschereba, ST Stuck, BE BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Clinical features of laser-induced macular holes as imaged by optical coherence tomography (OCT) SO LASER AND NONCHOHERENT LIGHT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Light Ocular Effects CY JAN 22, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, SPIE DE laser injury; optical coherence tomography; OCT; retina; macular hole AB The increasing number of laser applications in military and industrial settings has resulted in a rising number of laser eye injuries. Laser-induced macular holes are one type of injury, usually caused by accidental exposure to radiation from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm. Laser-induced macular holes share many features with idiopathic macular holes. Optical coherence tomography was employed in the evaluation of two patients with laser-induced macular holes. Tomographic features were compared with those found in patients with idiopathic macular holes. An animal model of laser-induced macular hole was also evaluated in order to elucidate the histologic correlation of the OCT findings. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, USA, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Walter Reed Army Inst Res, USA, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3924-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4246 BP 10 EP 19 DI 10.1117/12.426719 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Ophthalmology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Ophthalmology; Optics; Physics GA BS41E UT WOS:000169776700002 ER PT S AU Brown, J Lund, DJ Stuck, BE AF Brown, J Lund, DJ Stuck, BE BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Accidental injury to the human retina from a picosecond Ti : sapphire laser SO LASER AND NONCHOHERENT LIGHT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Light Ocular Effects CY JAN 22, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, SPIE DE laser injury; ultrashort pulse; picosecond; Ti : sapphire; retina; hemorrhage ID PRIMATE EYE; PULSES AB The rising number of applications of ultrashort laser systems presents new challenges in laser safety. Retinal damage studies have demonstrated that less energy is required to create a retinal burn for pulses shorter than one nanosecond than for pulses longer than one nanosecond.(1-3) Furthermore, as laser systems become more complex, the potential for accidental injury increases. In this paper we report the accidental injury from a Ti:Sapphire amplifier system delivering 100 picosecond pulses. The circumstances leading to the binocular injury included the use of inadequate eye protection, a defective amplifier crystal and the very dim appearance of 800 nm light. Ophthalmologists evaluating patients with laser eye injury should be prepared to discuss the physiology of the injury and prognosis with their patients. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, USA, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Walter Reed Army Inst Res, USA, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3924-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4246 BP 20 EP 24 DI 10.1117/12.426720 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Ophthalmology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Ophthalmology; Optics; Physics GA BS41E UT WOS:000169776700003 ER PT S AU Lund, DJ Edsall, P Stuck, BE AF Lund, DJ Edsall, P Stuck, BE BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Ocular hazards of Q-switched blue wavelength lasers SO LASER AND NONCHOHERENT LIGHT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Light Ocular Effects CY JAN 22, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, SPIE DE laser bioeffects; retinal damage; retinal hemorrhage; ocular thresholds; thermal model; action spectrum ID RADIATION-DAMAGE; ACTION SPECTRUM; SENSITIVITY; INJURY AB The threshold for laser-induced retinal damage in the rhesus eye was determined for 14 wavelengths from 410 nm to 580 nm. The laser source was a tunable Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO) pumped by the 3rd harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser. The laser pulse duration was 3.5 ns. The wavelength dependence of the injury threshold was consistent with the prediction of a model based on the transmission of the preretinal ocular media, absorption in the retinal pigment epithelium, and variation of irradiance diameter resulting from chromatic aberration of the eye optics. The threshold for 24-hour observation was only slightly lower than the threshold for I-hour observation. The laser-induced retinal hemorrhage threshold was less than a factor of two greater than the minimum visible lesion (MVL) threshold for wavelengths from 442 nm to 410 nm. This results from the presence of a dense capillary network in the inner retina and a large hemoglobin absorption peak. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, USA, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Walter Reed Army Inst Res, USA, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3924-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4246 BP 44 EP 53 DI 10.1117/12.426722 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Ophthalmology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Ophthalmology; Optics; Physics GA BS41E UT WOS:000169776700006 ER PT S AU Zwick, H Stuck, BE Lund, DJ Nawim, M AF Zwick, H Stuck, BE Lund, DJ Nawim, M BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Ocular dynamics and visual tracking performance after q-switched laser exposure SO LASER AND NONCHOHERENT LIGHT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Light Ocular Effects CY JAN 22, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, SPIE DE laser bioeffects; laser safety; visual function; visual performance; q-switched laser; diagnostics; treatment AB In previous investigations of q-switched laser retinal exposure in awake task oriented non-human primates (NHPs), the threshold for retinal damage occurred well below that of the threshold for permanent visual function loss. Visual function measures used in these studies involved measures of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. In the present study, we examine the same relationship for q-switched laser exposure using a visual performance task, where task dependency involves more parafoveal than foveal retina. NHPs were trained on a visual pursuit motor tracking performance task that required maintaining a small HeNe laser spot (0.3 degrees) centered in a slowly moving (0.5deg/sec) annulus. When NHPs reliably produced visual target tracking efficiencies > 80%, single q-switched laser exposures (7 nsec) were made coaxially with the line of sight of the moving target. An infrared camera imaged the pupil during exposure to obtain the pupillary response to the laser flash. Retinal images were obtained with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope 3 days post exposure under ketamine and nembutol anesthesia. Q-switched visible laser exposures at twice the damage threshold produced small (about 50 mum) retinal lesions temporal to the fovea; deficits in NHP visual pursuit tracking were transient, demonstrating full recovery to baseline within a single tracking session. Post exposure analysis of the pupillary response demonstrated that the exposure flash entered the pupil, followed by 90 msec refractory period and than a 12 % pupillary contraction within 1.5 sec from the onset of laser exposure. At 6 times the morphological threshold damage level for 532 nm q-switched exposure, longer term losses in NHP pursuit tracking performance were observed. In summary, q-switched laser exposure appears to have a higher threshold for permanent visual performance loss than the corresponding threshold to produce retinal threshold injury. Mechanisms of neural plasticity within the retina and at higher visual brain centers may mediate the stability of visual function and performance metrics. Long term repeated exposure to the retina, however, may eventually dampen the ability of higher visual brain centers to detect declining retinal neural output from cumulative retinal damage. Individuals chronically exposed to such laser sources should have more frequent ophthalmic retinal surveillance. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, USA, Med Res Detachment, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Walter Reed Army Inst Res, USA, Med Res Detachment, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3924-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4246 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1117/12.426724 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Ophthalmology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Ophthalmology; Optics; Physics GA BS41E UT WOS:000169776700008 ER PT S AU Stamper, DA Lund, DJ Molchany, JW Stuck, BE AF Stamper, DA Lund, DJ Molchany, JW Stuck, BE BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Laser flash effects on tracking performance and the aversion response SO LASER AND NONCHOHERENT LIGHT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Light Ocular Effects CY JAN 22, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, SPIE AB Introduction: For an accidental laser exposure, the duration of the incident radiation on a specific retinal site depends on the initial fixation, the kinetics of the aversion (blink reflex) and the orienting response (eye movement) toward or away from the light image. Pupilary constriction during the exposure will attenuate the retinal irradiance. Methods: In this study, tracking performance was measured in eight volunteers exposed to 0.1, 1.0, and 3.0 second laser flashes while sacking a dynamic target (0.28 deg/s) through a monocular telescope equipped with a miniature video camera to monitor eye response. The collimated 514 nm argon laser beam produced corneal radiant exposures of 0.16, 0.33, and 1.0 mJ/cm(2) for the 0.1, 1.0, and 3.0 second conditions respectively. Total time off target and maximum absolute error scores were measured for bright (430 nits) and dim (4.3 nits) ambient luminance conditions. Eye response (blink and pupilary response) was assessed by evaluation of the video from the eye camera. Volunteer reports of the visual experience were recorded. Results: Total time off target (> 0.5 mrad) was maximal for the 3 second exposure condition and minimal for the 0.1 second conditions. Analysis of the data indicated that there was no photic induced blink reflex for the 0.1 second condition under the bright light condition. For some volunteers, blinks did occur during the longer duration exposures but were not classic reflex blinks. Pupil responses following the laser presentation showed pupil diameters decreased from initial values of approximately 6 mm to 2-3 mm which reduced the total energy into the eye at that point by a factor of 10. Volunteers reported smeared and multiple afterimages for the 3 second condition, however, only a single, focal, afterimage was reported for the 0.1 second condition. This information reflects a history of eye movements during the exposure; Summary: For durations of 100 msec or less, physiological mechanisms that would limit the retinal radiant exposure ate not operative for the conditions investigated in this study. For the 0.1 second exposure condition, tracking performance was not affected for the bright light trials and only minimally affected foe the dim light trials. C1 USA, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP USA, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3924-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4246 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1117/12.426705 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Ophthalmology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Ophthalmology; Optics; Physics GA BS41E UT WOS:000169776700009 ER PT S AU Sliney, DH Mellerio, J Schulmeister, K AF Sliney, DH Mellerio, J Schulmeister, K BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Implications of using ED-50 and probit analysis in comparing retinal injury threshold data SO LASER AND NONCHOHERENT LIGHT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Light Ocular Effects CY JAN 22, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF Off Sci Res, SPIE ID DAMAGE THRESHOLD; IMAGE SIZE; LASER; RADIATION AB An indication of the level of uncertainty in laser injury studies relates to the slope of the transformed dose-response curve, or the "probit plot" of the data. The most cited threshold in a laser injury experiment is the point on the probit plot that represents a 50 % probability of injury: the ED-50. This value is frequently referred to as the "threshold," even though some experimental damage points exist below this "threshold." An analysis of any number of example data sets reveals that the slope in most experiments could not be explained by biological variation alone. The optical, thermophysical and biological factors influencing the probit plot are critically analyzed. By theoretically modelling an experiment, small errors in focus are shown to produce a substantial change in the ED-50 and the slope of the probit plot. The implications of plotting spot-size dependence with ED-50 values are shown to be significant, and can lead to erroneous conclusions regarding the apparent spot-size dependence. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3924-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4246 BP 128 EP 137 DI 10.1117/12.426711 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Ophthalmology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Ophthalmology; Optics; Physics GA BS41E UT WOS:000169776700015 ER PT J AU Akozbek, N Bowden, CM Chin, SL AF Akozbek, N Bowden, CM Chin, SL TI Femotsecond laser pulse propagation in air SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND PULSES; MOVING-FOCUS; GASES; MODEL; N-2; O-2 AB We present numerical results on the propagation of femtosecond pulses in ionizing air including multiphoton ionization, linear dispersion, space-time focusing and self-steepening. It is shown that all of these terms have an influence on the pulse dynamics. Specifically, we demonstrate that the self-steepening of the pulse causes a strong blue-shifted spectrum which is in qualitative agreement with the experimentally observed spectrum in air. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, AMSAM,RD,WS,ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. Univ Laval, Ctr Opt Photon & Laser, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Univ Laval, Dept Phys, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. RP Akozbek, N (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, AMSAM,RD,WS,ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 1054-660X J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 11 IS 1 BP 77 EP 81 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 399RN UT WOS:000166826300014 ER PT S AU Stann, B Abou-Auf, A Frankel, S Giza, M Potter, W Ruff, W Shen, P Simon, D Stead, M Sztankay, Z Lester, L AF Stann, B Abou-Auf, A Frankel, S Giza, M Potter, W Ruff, W Shen, P Simon, D Stead, M Sztankay, Z Lester, L BE Kamerman, GW TI Research progress on scannerless ladar systems using a laser diode transmitter and FM/cw radar principles SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications VI CY APR 17-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE laser radar; ladar; active electro-optic imaging AB The Army Research Laboratory is researching scannerless ladar systems for smart munition and reconnaissance applications. Here we report on progress attained over the past year related to the systems architectures, component development, and test results of the scannerless ladars. The imaging system architectures achieve ranging based on a frequency modulation/continuous wave (FM/cw) technique implemented by directly amplitude modulating a near-IR diode laser transmitter, with a radio frequency (rf) subcarrier that is linearly frequency modulated. The diode's output is collected and projected to form an illumination field in the downrange image area. The returned signal is focused onto an array of metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) detectors where it is detected and mixed with a delayed replica of the laser modulation signal that modulates the responsivity of each detector. The output of each detector is an intermediate frequency (IF) signal (a product of the mixing process) whose frequency is proportional to the target range. This IF signal is continuously sampled over each period of the rf modulation. Following this, an N channel signal processor based-on field-programmable gate arrays calculates the discrete Fourier transform over the IF waveform in each pixel to establish the ranges to all the scatterers and their respective amplitudes. Over the past year, we have continued development of laser illuminators at .8 and 1.55 mum, built one-dimensional self-mixing MSM detector arrays at .8 and 1.55 mum and built an N channel FPGA signal processor for high-speed formation of range gates. In this paper we report on the development and performance of these components and the results of system tests conducted in the laboratory. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Stann, B (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4072-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4377 BP 12 EP 22 DI 10.1117/12.440102 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BT28Q UT WOS:000172534000002 ER PT S AU Trussell, CW AF Trussell, CW BE Kamerman, GW TI 3D imaging for army applications SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications VI CY APR 17-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE laser radar; eyesafe laser; obstacle avoidance; wire detection; target ID AB The rapid development of Laser radar technology combined with the challenging needs for Army sensors to support the Future Combat System has led to a number of applications for 3D imaging systems. These systems applications include obstacle detection, target recognition, locating targets under foliage, UGV route planning and navigation and terrain mapping. Each application requires different system parameters such as pulse energy, repetition rate, and field of view. A number of issues must be addressed in the design of a system including atmospheric effects, laser energy requirements, wavelength selection and field of view. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Trussell, CW (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4072-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4377 BP 126 EP 131 DI 10.1117/12.440100 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BT28Q UT WOS:000172534000013 ER PT S AU Hutchinson, JA Trussell, CW Allik, TH Hamlin, SJ Force, JD Crawford, I McCarthy, JC Bowers, MS Jack, M AF Hutchinson, JA Trussell, CW Allik, TH Hamlin, SJ Force, JD Crawford, I McCarthy, JC Bowers, MS Jack, M BE Kamerman, GW TI Multifunction laser radar III SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications VI CY APR 17-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE laser radar; eyesafe; obstacle avoidance; wire detection; linear photodiode array ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR AB Laser radar systems are required for various military applications including obstacle detection, target recognition, and terrain mapping. Each application requires different system parameters such as pulse energy, repetition rate, and field of view. This paper presents a review of a multifunction laser radar system developed and tested for the Cooperative Eyesafe Laser Radar Program (CELRAP) of the U.S. Army CECOM Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate. C1 USA, CECOM, NVESD, AMSEL RD NV ST LT, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Hutchinson, JA (reprint author), USA, CECOM, NVESD, AMSEL RD NV ST LT, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4072-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4377 BP 132 EP 146 DI 10.1117/12.440101 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BT28Q UT WOS:000172534000014 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI Storm: Stories of survival from land and sea. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 126 IS 1 BP 120 EP 120 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 391XH UT WOS:000166381200167 ER PT J AU Grendahl, S AF Grendahl, S TI Alternative quantitative methods for screening penetrant testing cleaning solutions SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Grendahl, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 59 IS 1 BP 26 EP + PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 390TG UT WOS:000166312300002 ER PT S AU Kennerly, SW Little, JW Goldberg, AC Leavitt, RP AF Kennerly, SW Little, JW Goldberg, AC Leavitt, RP BE Longshore, RE TI A new advanced two-color (MW/LW) infrared detector and focal plane array design using InGaAs/InAlAs quantum-well infrared photodetectors on InP substrates. SO MATERIALS FOR INFRARED DETECTORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Materials for Infrared Detectors CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE AB This paper provides the design details for a new two-color quantum-well infrared photodetector (QWIP) for use in advanced thermal imaging. The single pixel experimental data used in the evolution of this design is discussed in significant detail. Using the knowledge gained from extensive measurements comparing miniband transport with bound-to-quasi-bound QWIPs and also double and triple coupled-well QWIPs with the more conventional single-well QWIPs, a two-color design is presented. The detector design provides for a lattice-matched growth and superior response in the MWIR (3 to 5 mum) spectral region, while keeping the dark currents from the LWIR (8 to 12 mum) portion of the detector to a minimum. The architecture will allow for the MWIR and LWIR stacks to be biased separately and also for the signals to be read independently. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kennerly, SW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4168-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4454 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1117/12.448186 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BT74U UT WOS:000173939500003 ER PT J AU Sun, Q Faustman, C Senecal, A Wilkinson, AL Furr, H AF Sun, Q Faustman, C Senecal, A Wilkinson, AL Furr, H TI Aldehyde reactivity with 2-thiobarbituric acid and TBARS in freeze-dried beef during accelerated storage SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) lipid oxidation; dinitrophenylhydrazine; aldehydes; freeze-dried beef ID LIPID OXIDATION; MUSCLE FOODS; AUTOXIDATION; RANCIDITY; PRODUCTS; MEATS AB When lipid oxidation is evaluated in freeze-dried beef, a yellow 450-nm-absorbing pigment develops during the 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay. TEA analysis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were applied to measure oxidative changes in salted freeze-dried beef patties (15% fat) initially during storage at 49 degreesC. The TEA pink pigment (lambda (max) = 532 nn) was most pronounced in unstored salted freeze-dried beef, and yellow pigment (lambda (max) = 450 nm) predominated in stored samples. An in vitro study of TEA reactivity of different aldehydes, known to be secondary lipid oxidation products, showed that alkanals and alk-2-enals favored TBARS(450) formation, while alka-2,4-dienals favored TBARS(532) Values of TBARS(450) from 95 degreesC TEA incubation were lower than those from 25 degreesC incubation (P < 0.05), indicating that the yellow chromophore from the aldehyde-TBA complex was less thermally stable than the pink pigment. 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furfural, an aldehyde produced from Maillard reaction, also produced strong TBARS(450) Propional, butanal and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF), were tentatively identified in freeze-dried beef during accelerated storage at 49C, and have the potential to yield TEARS @450. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USA, Natick RD&E Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Nutr Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Faustman, C (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, 3636 Horsebarn Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RI Senecal, Andre/E-6605-2010; OI Faustman, Cameron/0000-0002-8061-5907 NR 27 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 57 IS 1 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S0309-1740(00)00076-0 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 373AQ UT WOS:000165266600008 PM 22061167 ER PT J AU Panchangam, A Sastry, KVLN Rao, DVGLN DeCristofano, BS Kimball, BR Nakashima, M AF Panchangam, A Sastry, KVLN Rao, DVGLN DeCristofano, BS Kimball, BR Nakashima, M TI Processing of medical images using real-time optical Fourier processing SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE bacteriorhodopsin; Photoinduced anisotropy; optical Fourier processing; self-adaptive image processing; mammograms ID BACTERIORHODOPSIN FILM; COMPUTERIZED DETECTION; DIGITAL MAMMOGRAMS; MICROCALCIFICATIONS AB Optical image processing techniques are inherently fast in view of parallel processing. A self adaptive optical Fourier processing system using photoinduced dichroism in a bacteriorhodopsin film was experimentally demonstrated for medical image processing. Application of this powerful analog all-optical interactive technique for cancer diagnostics is illustrated with two mammograms and a Pap smear. Microcalcification clusters buried in surrounding tissue showed up clearly in the processed image. By playing with one knob, which rotates the analyzer in the optical system, either the microcalcification clusters or the surrounding dense tissue can be selectively displayed. Bacteriorhodopsin films are stable up to 140 degreesC and environmentally friendly. As no interference is involved in the experiments, vibration isolation and even a coherent light source are not required. It may be possible to develop a low-cost rugged battery operated portable signal-enhancing magnifier. (C) 2001 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Rao, DVGLN (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM raod@umbsky.cc.umb.edu RI Rao, Devulapalli/L-8863-2015 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 28 IS 1 BP 22 EP 27 DI 10.1118/1.1328079 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 398NJ UT WOS:000166762300005 PM 11213918 ER PT S AU Moses, G Magee, JH Bauer, JJ Leitch, R AF Moses, G Magee, JH Bauer, JJ Leitch, R BE Westwood, JD Hoffman, HM Mogel, GT Stredney, D Robb, RA TI Military medical modeling and simulation in the 21(st) century SO MEDICINE MEETS VIRTUAL REALITY 2001: OUTER SPACE, INNER SPACE, VIRTUAL SPACE SE STUDIES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 2001 CY JAN 24-27, 2001 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA AB As we enter the 21(st) century. military medicine struggles with critical issues. One of the most important issues is how to train medical personnel in peace for the realities of war, in April, 1998, The General Accounting Office (GAO) reported, "Military medical personnel have almost no chance during peacetime to practice battlefield trauma care skills. As a result, physicians both within and outside the Department of Defense (DOD) believe that military medical personnel are not prepared to provide trauma care to the severely injured soldiers in wartime, With some of today's training methods disappearing, the challenge of providing both initial; and sustainment training for almost 100,000 military medical personnel is becoming insurmountable. The "training gap" is huge and impediments to training are mounting. For example, restrictions on animal use are increasing and the cost of conducting live mass casualty exercises is prohibitive. Many medical simulation visionaries believe that four categories of medical simulation are emerging to address these challenges. These categories include PC-based multimedia, digital mannequins, virtual workbenches, and total immersion virtual reality (TIVR). The use of simulation training can provide a risk=free realistic learning environment for the spectrum of medical skills training, from buddy-aid to trauma surgery procedures. This will, in turn, enhance limited hands on training opportunities and revolutionize the way we train in peace to deliver medicine in war. High-fidelity modeling will permit manufacturers to prototype new devices before manufacture. Also, engineers will be able to test a device for themselves in a variety of simulated anatomical representations, permitting them to "practice medicine". C1 US Army Med Res & Materiel Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, HQ, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Moses, G (reprint author), US Army Med Res & Materiel Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, HQ, Ft Detrick, MD USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9630 BN 1-58603-143-0 J9 ST HEAL T PY 2001 VL 81 BP 322 EP 328 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BS21P UT WOS:000169103300062 PM 11317763 ER PT S AU Robertson, B Ho, FD Hudson, T AF Robertson, B Ho, FD Hudson, T BE Helvajian, H Janson, SW Larmer, F TI Modeling of RF MEMS switches SO MEMS COMPONENTS AND APPLICATIONS FOR INDUSTRY, AUTOMOBILES, AEROSPACE, AND COMMUNICATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS Components and Applications for Industry, Automobiles, Aerospace, and Communication CY OCT 22-23, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SPIE, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy DE MEMS; micro; RF; switch; model AB The microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switch offers many benefits in radio frequency (RF) applications. These benefits include low insertion loss, high quality factor (Q), low power, RF isolation, and low cost. The ability to manufacture mechanical switches on a chip with electronics can lead to higher functionality, such as single-chip arrays, and smart switches. The MEMS switch is also used as a building block in devices such as phase shifters, filters. and switchable antenna elements. The MEMS designer needs models of these basic elements in order to incorporate them into their applications. The objective of this effort is to develop lumped element models for MEMS RF switches, which are incorporated into a CAD software. Tanner Research Inc.'s Electronic Design Automation (EDA) software is being used to develop a suite of mixed-signal RF switch models. The suite will include switches made from cantilever beams and fixed-fixed beams. The switches may be actuated by electrostatic, piezoelectric or electromagnetic forces. The effort presented in this paper concentrates on switches actuated by electrostatic forces. The lumped element models use a current-force electrical-mechanical analogy. Finite element modeling and device testing will be used to verify the Tanner models. The effects of materials, geometries, temperature, fringing fields, and mounting geometries are considered. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Robertson, B (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4287-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4559 BP 112 EP 119 DI 10.1117/12.443025 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT41S UT WOS:000172924600016 ER PT J AU Bolan, CD Roop, SA Murray, CK Pugh, AM Phillips, YY AF Bolan, CD Roop, SA Murray, CK Pugh, AM Phillips, YY TI Operational medicine experience integrated into a military internal medicine residency curriculum SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EDUCATION AB The optimal training of physicians should prepare them for the environment in which they will practice. During the past several years, the practice of internal medicine has shifted from a focus on the inpatient setting to one that includes an emphasis on the ambulatory clinic. Military internists must be further prepared to practice medicine with forward units, at field hospitals, and in other operational settings. Community-based teaching programs that reflect present and future practice are increasingly recognized as essential, yet details on the structure and implementation of such programs, especially those designed to teach field and operational medicine, are lacking. The Internal Medicine Residency Program at Waiter Reed Army Medical Center has developed and implemented an operational medicine curriculum that includes a field medical training exercise. The program is driven by the residents and chief resident and requires little additional funding. Resident research continues to increase, morale remains high, and the first class to complete the 3-year operational curriculum achieved a 100% pass rate on the American Board of Internal Medicine certification examination. We describe our 3-year experience of implementing this program, with an emphasis on curriculum design and execution, qualitative assessment, and initial lessons learned. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm Crit Care Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Roop, SA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm Crit Care Med Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Dopko, Rae/J-7437-2015 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 166 IS 1 BP 34 EP 39 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 392ME UT WOS:000166414300009 ER PT J AU Lange, CL Bradley, JC AF Lange, CL Bradley, JC TI Community meetings on a military inpatient psychiatric unit: A question of balance SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Community meetings are a mainstay of any inpatient psychiatric unit. Although they differ in frequency, attendance, leadership, and size, they all maintain a similar purpose of acculturating the members to the values of the ward and encouraging responsible behavior and effective communication. The military inpatient psychiatric unit is no different, although it does have several unique factors that affect the management of the community meeting. Specifically, these factors are the inherent military rank structure, which often conflicts with the rank of staff and other patients, the incorporation of a civilian population into a military culture, and a greater focus on patient transitions from military to civilian society. We describe and discuss the common variables of community meetings, elucidate how the military aspects affect the meeting, and offer potential suggestions for the management of this unique large dynamic group. C1 Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Lange, CL (reprint author), Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 166 IS 1 BP 48 EP 52 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 392ME UT WOS:000166414300013 PM 11197098 ER PT J AU Zazanis, MM Zaccaro, SJ Kilcullen, RN AF Zazanis, MM Zaccaro, SJ Kilcullen, RN TI Identifying motivation and interpersonal performance using peer evaluations SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RELIABILITY; VALIDITY; RATINGS AB Peer evaluations have historically shown high predictive validity, but the reason for this strength has not been clear. This research used an assessment center and subsequent training program to investigate the hypothesis that interpersonal performance and motivation are two key dimensions of performance that may account for the historical strength of peer assessments. Consistent with previous research, results showed that peer rankings from the assessment center predicted final training outcomes better than did staff ratings. Congruent with our hypothesis, results from the training program demonstrated that, when rating a student's expected future on-the-job performance, peers placed significantly more importance on interpersonal performance and motivation than did staff, and they placed significantly less importance on task performance. Additional longitudinal research is needed to explicitly link peer evaluations of interpersonal skills and performance motivation with future job performance. C1 USA, Res Inst, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Zazanis, MM (reprint author), USA, Res Inst, 5001 Eisenhower Ave, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2001 VL 13 IS 2 BP 73 EP 88 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1302_01 PG 16 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 440MM UT WOS:000169179100001 ER PT J AU Dzindolet, MT Pierce, LG Beck, HP Dawe, LA Anderson, BW AF Dzindolet, MT Pierce, LG Beck, HP Dawe, LA Anderson, BW TI Predicting misuse and disuse of combat identification systems SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Human Interaction with Complex Systems CY MAY, 2000 CL URBANA, ILLINOIS ID SELF-CONFIDENCE; AUTOMATION; TRUST AB Two combat identification systems have been designed to reduce fratricide by providing soldiers with the ability to "interrogate" a potential target by sending a microwave or laser signal that, if returned, identifies the target as a "friend." Ideally, gunners will appropriately rely on these automated aids, which will reduce fratricide rates. However, past research has found that human operators underutilize (disuse) and overly rely on (misuse) automated systems (cf. Parasuraman & Riley, 1997). The purpose of this laboratory study was to simultaneously examine misuse and disuse of an automated decision-making aid at varying levels of reliability. With or without the aid of an automated system that is correct about 90%, 75%, or 60% of the time, 91 college students viewed 226 slides of Fort Sill terrain and indicated the presence or absence of camouflaged soldiers. Regardless of the reliability of the automated aid, misuse was more prevalent than disuse, F(1, 65) = 31.43, p < .01; p = .27 for misuse, p = .13 for disuse. Results are interpreted within a general framework of automation use (Dzindolet, Beck, Pierce, & Dawe, 2001). C1 Cameron Univ, Dept Psychol & Human Ecol, Lawton, OK 73505 USA. USA, Res Lab, Ft Sill, OK USA. Appalachian State Univ, Dept Psychol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. USA, Res Lab, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. RP Dzindolet, MT (reprint author), Cameron Univ, Dept Psychol & Human Ecol, 2800 Gore Blvd, Lawton, OK 73505 USA. NR 28 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2001 VL 13 IS 3 BP 147 EP 164 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1303_2 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 464JB UT WOS:000170528500002 ER PT J AU James, LC Folen, RA Earles, J AF James, LC Folen, RA Earles, J TI Behavioral telehealth applications in the treatment of obese soldiers: A feasibility project and a report on preliminary findings SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TREATMENT PROGRAM; WEIGHT-LOSS; NAVY; TELEVISION AB For several decades, obesity has been a major health concern within the general population of the United States as well as within the unique military population. Unlike the civilian sector, frequent military deployments and relocations prohibit military personnel from participating in long-term weight loss programs. This study provided obese (body mass index greater than or equal to 27) service members a 3-week, day-treatment, cognitive-behavioral weight loss program coupled with 12 months of weekly follow-up aftercare. On completion of the day-treatment phase of the program, patients unable to participate in on-site weekly follow-up due to ship deployments (n = 14) were, provided follow-up via interactive video and an interactive Web page. Participants assigned to nondeployable units (n = 34) attended weekly follow-up at the hospital. The results yielded significant weight loss for both groups. There were no significant differences in weight loss between patients who completed follow-up at the hospital and patients who participated in interactive video follow-up sessions. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP James, LC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2001 VL 13 IS 3 BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1303_4 PG 10 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 464JB UT WOS:000170528500004 ER PT B AU Kurec, A Mabesa, J Beck, RR AF Kurec, A Mabesa, J Beck, RR BE Kerckhoffs, EJH Snorek, M TI Laboratory tools and simulators in support of military vehicle simulation experiments SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th European Simulation Multiconference (ESM 2001) CY JUN 06-09, 2001 CL CTU, PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Soc Comp Simulat Int, ASIM, Arbeitsgemeinsch Simulat HO CTU AB Advances in the laboratory simulation process enables the extensive use of modeling and simulation to evaluate new vehicle systems, as well as proposed improvements and upgrades to existing vehicles to save both time and cost of future Army vehicle procurements. This paper discusses and presents TACOM-TARDEC's ongoing efforts of applying laboratory tools and simulators to support military vehicle simulation experiments. In particular, at TACOM-TARDEC, physical simulation offers accelerated test schedules, repeatable test conditions, and allows collection of data otherwise difficult or impossible to obtain. Physical simulation is also used to collect vehicle data, validate analytical simulation models, address soldier-in-the-loop issues, and determine failure points of a vehicle system or subsystems. The durability test of the small mobile water chiller mounted on a M149A2 trailer is presented in this paper. C1 USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Kurec, A (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, AMSTA-TR-VP-157, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA BN 1-56555-225-3 PY 2001 BP 275 EP 279 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Biomedical SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BT15C UT WOS:000172097600046 ER PT J AU Sobocinski, G Shaw, S Anderson, A Kaldjian, E AF Sobocinski, G Shaw, S Anderson, A Kaldjian, E TI Immunohistochemical localization of extra-cellular matrix proteins of the lymph node reticular network. SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pfizer Global R&D, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 EI 1530-0285 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1 MA 1052 BP 179A EP 179A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 396EB UT WOS:000166622401061 ER PT J AU Mamoun, CB Gluzman, IY Hott, C MacMillan, SK Amarakone, AS Anderson, DL Carlton, JMR Dame, JB Chakrabarti, D Martin, RK Brownstein, BH Goldberg, DE AF Mamoun, CB Gluzman, IY Hott, C MacMillan, SK Amarakone, AS Anderson, DL Carlton, JMR Dame, JB Chakrabarti, D Martin, RK Brownstein, BH Goldberg, DE TI Co-ordinated programme of gene expression during asexual intraerythrocytic development of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum revealed by microarray analysis SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE; DNA MICROARRAY; SEQUENCE TAGS; CELL-CYCLE; TRANSFORMATION; RECOMBINATION; HYBRIDIZATION; TRANSFECTION; DISRUPTION; INVASION AB Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite responsible for the most severe forms of human malaria. All the clinical symptoms and pathological changes seen during human infection are caused by the asexual blood stages of Plasmodium. Within host red blood cells, the parasite undergoes enormous developmental changes during its maturation. In order to analyse the expression of genes during intraerythrocytic development, DNA microarrays were constructed and probed with stage-specific cDNA. Developmental upregulation of specific mRNAs was found to cluster into functional groups and revealed a co-ordinated programme of gene expression. Those involved in protein synthesis (ribosomal proteins, translation factors) peaked early in development, followed by those involved in metabolism, most dramatically glycolysis genes. Adhesion/invasion genes were turned on later in the maturation process. At the end of intraerythrocytic development (late schizogony), there was a general shut-off of gene expression, although a small set of genes, including a number of protein kinases, were turned on at this stage. Nearly all genes showed some regulation over the course of development. A handful of genes remained constant and should be useful for normalizing mRNA levels between stages. These data will facilitate functional analysis of the P. falciparum genome and will help to identify genes with a critical role in parasite progression and multiplication in the human host. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Natl Lib Med, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Med Serv Corps, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Goldberg, DE (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, 660 S Euclid Ave,Box 8230, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. NR 44 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 39 IS 1 BP 26 EP 36 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02222.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 395JF UT WOS:000166576700003 ER PT J AU Soto, SIU Lehmann, T Rowton, ED Velez, ID Porter, CH AF Soto, SIU Lehmann, T Rowton, ED Velez, ID Porter, CH TI Speciation and population structure in the morphospecies Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva) as derived from the mitochondrial ND4 gene SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME-B; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; AMAZONIAN BRAZIL; DNA-SEQUENCE; PSYCHODIDAE; DIPTERA; EVOLUTION; VARIABILITY; PHYLOGENETICS; ORGANIZATION AB Recent studies have suggested that the phlebotomine sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae), the principal vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the Neotropics, may consist of several allopatric sibling species. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of nucleotide variation in a 618-bp fragment of the mitochondrial ND4 gene were carried out on specimens of Lu. longipalpis from several locations in Central and South America. The analyses were concordant with previous findings, indicating that certain allopatric populations of Lu. longipalpis have become sufficiently differentiated as to represent sibling species. Phylogenetic analyses revealed deep genetic divisions between four clades represented by specimens from northern South America, Brazil, Central America, and an isolated Colombian population. Strong differentiation also was observed between certain populations within the first two clades. Partitioning of genetic diversity within and between Central American populations did not show the presence of more than one species in the region. However, distance, even within the 70-km range of the Honduran collection sites, was found to have a remarkably strong effect on gene how, The highly subdivided population structure may be due to the patchiness of their distribution. F-ST values comparing a Guatemalan population with several Honduran populations revealed a level of differentiation associated with a negligible rate of gene how, (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Univ Antioquia, PECET, Medellin, Colombia. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Porter, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RI Rowton, Edgar/A-4474-2012; Rowton, Edgar/A-1975-2011 OI Rowton, Edgar/0000-0002-1979-1485 NR 46 TC 53 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 18 IS 1 BP 84 EP 93 DI 10.1006/mpev.2000.0863 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 395BR UT WOS:000166559300010 PM 11161745 ER PT S AU Shoop, BL Das, PK AF Shoop, BL Das, PK BE Pirich, AR Repak, PL Idell, PS Czyzak, SR TI Wideband photonic A/D conversion using 2-D spatial oversampling and spectral noise shaping SO MULTIFREQUENCY ELECTRONIC/PHOTONIC DEVICES AND SYSTEMS FOR DUAL-USE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multifrequency Electronic/Photonic Devices and Systems for Dual-Use Applications CY JUL 29-30, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE photonic A/D conversion; analog-to-digital conversion; error diffusion; neural networks ID TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERS; SAMPLER AB The analog-to-digital (A/D) interface is generally considered to be the most critical part of any signal acquisition and processing system. Because of the difficulty in achieving high-resolution and high-speed A/D converters, this A/D interface has been and continues to be a barrier to the realization of high-speed, high-throughput system. Recently, there has been a renewed interest in new and innovative approaches to A/D conversion, with a significant emphasis on photonic techniques. Interleaving is a common approach applied to high-speed photonic A/D conversion which reduces the wide-bandwidth input signal to one which can be converted using conventional high-speed A/D converters. The high-speed sampled input is interleaved to N individual channels with each channel operating at 1/N of the sampling rate. These channelization techniques are known to suffer from performance degradations due to channel-to-channel mismatch. Within the electronic A/D converter community, temporal oversampling and spectral noise shaping have become common practice in high-fidelity audio applications. Here, a low-resolution quantizer is embedded in a feedback architecture in an effort to reduce the quantization noise through spectral noise shaping. A large error associated with a single sample is diffused over many subsequent samples and then linear filtering techniques are applied to remove the spectrally-shaped noise thereby improving the overall SNR of the converter. The approach to wideband photonic A/D conversion described here leverages the 2-D nature of an optical architecture to extend the concept of spectral noise shaping to include 2-D spatial noise shaping. The proposed approach uses a mode-locked laser to generate the optical sampling pulses, an interferometer to modulate the electronic analog signal onto the optical pulses, and a 2-D smart pixel hardware implementation of a distributed error diffusion neural network. C1 US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Shoop, BL (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4204-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4490 BP 32 EP 51 DI 10.1117/12.455441 PG 20 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT90T UT WOS:000174396400005 ER PT S AU Scalora, M AF Scalora, M BE Bertolotti, M Bowden, CM Sibilia, C TI Propagation effects near the photonic band edge SO NANOSCALE LINEAR AND NONLINEAR OPTICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the International School on Quantum Electronics CY JUL 02-14, 2000 CL ERICE, ITALY SP Italian Minist Educ, Italian Minist Univ & Sci Res, Sicilian Reg Parliament, Natl Res Council, Italian Res Grp Quantum Electr & Plasma Phys, Natl Inst Phys Matter, Univ Rome La Sapienza, Univ Rome Tor Vergata, USA European Res Off, Time Domain Corp, Pirelli Cavi, USAF, IPEG, European Community ID NONLINEAR PERIODIC STRUCTURES; GAP STRUCTURES; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; METALLIC COMPONENTS; STOP BANDS; CRYSTALS; ENHANCEMENT; SOLITONS; SURFACES; SYSTEMS AB A number of new physical phenomena have been predicted to occur near the band edge of one dimensional photonic band gap materials. Some of these phenomena include superluminal pulse propagation, group velocity slowing down, resonance tunneling through metal structures, nonlinear optical switching, and nonlinear frequency conversion, to name a few. In this paper we will discuss a pulse propagation method, resonance tunneling through metallo-dielectric multiplayer stacks, phase matching conditions and enhanced second harmonic generation, and a true time delay line. These effects are based on the linear properties of finite structures, which can be used to predict the nature of the nonlinear optical interactions. C1 USA, Missile Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Weapons Sci Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Scalora, M (reprint author), USA, Missile Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Weapons Sci Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-993-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 560 BP 298 EP 336 PG 39 WC Optics SC Optics GA BS14H UT WOS:000168822000018 ER PT S AU Marini, AM Choi, J Labutta, R AF Marini, AM Choi, J Labutta, R BE Slikker, W Trembly, B TI Synaptic deprivation and age-related vulnerability to hypoxic-ischemic neuronal injury - A hypothesis SO NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Neuroprotective Agents CY SEP 17-21, 2000 CL LAKE TAHOE, NEVADA SP Natl Ctr Toxicol Res /FDA, Cent Arkansas Chapter Sigma Xi DE synaptic deprivation; age related vulnerability; hypoxic-ischemic neuronal injury; NMDA receptors; plasticity; intrinsic survival pathways; excitatory amino acids ID NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; NF-KAPPA-B; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; CONGENITAL ADRENAL-HYPERPLASIA; MULTIPLE CEREBRAL INFARCTS; LOW COGNITIVE FUNCTION; TEMPORAL-LOBE ATROPHY; INDUCED CELL-DEATH; METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR AB Advanced age is associated with physiological changes, such as cerebral autoregulation dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, reduced cerebral blood flow, elevated blood pressure, and other changes. Stroke-related dementia is associated with brain loss principally due to strokes, and neuropathological examination of the brains of old people shows a direct correlation between the extent of brain loss and dementia. However, the exact mechanism of the age related vulnerability to hypoxic-ischemic neuronal injury remains unknown. The majority of synapses in the brain use excitatory amino acids as their neurotransmitter. Glutamate, a major endogenous excitatory amino acid required for normal physiological excitation, is also involved in the pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic neuronal injury. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor subtype plays a major role in mediating hypoxic-ischemic neuronal injury. NMDA receptors also mediate adaptive responses important for Synaptic plasticity. This report explores the possible role of synaptic activity as a protective mechanism against neuronal cell death. Specifically, the role of NMDA receptors in neuronal plasticity by upregulating a survival pathway is discussed. Loss of a neuronal population that uses glutamate as its neurotransmitter leads to a loss of activity on the postsynaptic neurons or synaptic deprivation. Deprivation of excitatory amino acids on the postsynaptic neurons results in the failure of activity-dependent induced intrinsic survival pathways induced by NMDA receptors. The loss of neuroprotective intrinsic survival pathways increases the vulnerability of these neurons to more hypoxic-ischemic neuronal damage. Since cerebral infarction is also age related, this hypothesis provides a plausible explanation of how we become more vulnerable to hypoxic-ischemic neuronal injury as a function of age. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurosci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Marini, AM (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 94 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-352-1 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2001 VL 939 BP 238 EP 253 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Clinical Neurology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BT12V UT WOS:000172028600027 PM 11462776 ER PT J AU Naff, NJ Ecklund, JM AF Naff, NJ Ecklund, JM TI History of peripheral nerve surgery techniques SO NEUROSURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE NEUROGRAPHY; BRACHIAL-PLEXUS; OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT; ROOTS; NEUROTIZATION; INJURIES AB The nineteenth century witnessed significant discoveries in the understanding of the peripheral nerve response to injury. Unfortunately, these discoveries were not widely accepted and several physiologically implausible nerve repair procedures survived into the first decades of the twentieth century. The surgical experience in World War I winnowed out most of these unsound techniques and laid the foundations for modern direct nerve repair. The surgical experience of World War II led to a rational classification of nerve injuries and refined the timing for surgical intervention. Major postwar developments that led to the modern era include improved nerve grafting techniques, intraoperative nerve action potential recording, and strategies for the repair of brachial plexus lesions. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Neurosurg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Capital Consortium, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Naff, NJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Neurosurg Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 64 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1042-3680 J9 NEUROSURG CLIN N AM JI Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 12 IS 1 BP 197 EP + PG 14 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 403KB UT WOS:000167040100017 PM 11175999 ER PT J AU Moore, CJ AF Moore, CJ TI A history of the army nurse corps SO NURSING HISTORY REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Moore, CJ (reprint author), USA, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PUBL CO PI NEW YORK PA 526 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10012-3955 USA SN 1062-8061 J9 NURS HIST REV JI Nurs. Hist. Rev. PY 2001 VL 9 BP 230 EP 232 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; History Of Social Sciences; Nursing SC History & Philosophy of Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Nursing GA 391TN UT WOS:000166371600019 ER PT B AU Mann, RG AF Mann, RG GP MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY TI Inland electronic navigational charts in the US Army Corps of Engineers SO OCEANS 2001 MTS/IEEE: AN OCEAN ODYSSEY, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Marine-Technology-Society CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, Amer Geophys Union, Womens Aquat Network, Coasts, Oceans, Ports & Rivers Inst, Amer Meteorol Soc, Oceanog Soc AB The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Is responsible for the maintenance, efficiency, and safe navigation of more than 25,000 miles of commercially navigable channels in the U.S. Historically, the Corps has produced paper charts for this purpose with the result being 22 chart books covering 9 waterway systems, such as the Mississippi, Ohio, and Missouri River systems. These chart books are at varying scales, accuracies, and layouts with little consistency among the districts. With the advent of powerful computing hardware and robust GIS software, as well as digital data structures and dictionaries for electronic charts, USACE Is developing river electronic navigational charts for the nation's waterway users. The purpose is to provide consistent, accurate and current navigational information in an electronic chart format to ensure the efficiency and safety of the nation's waterways. Estimated funds required for this are approximately $42M over 5 years. In cooperation with several agencies (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) and organizations (Inland Waterway User Board and American Waterway Operators), we are conducting several pilot projects in 2001 along the rivers to gain experience and knowledge in developing electronic charts. Initially, an industry standard file format was Identified and Implemented. The exchange of navigational data is achieved through the S-57 transfer standard using the S-52 data dictionary. Most countries recognize these object-based standards from the International Hydrographic Office (IHO). Reasons for using the S-57 standard are that NOAA Is implementing this standard for its coastal charts, it provides a common standard for all Corps offices, It Is used by most electronic chart vendors, Is well suited to chart updates and fits well with other Corps spatial data users. In conjunction with implementing these standards, we assess the existing NOAA and USACE charts and requirements of the Inland Waterway Users and USCG Office of Aids to Navigation. Steps to fully Implement an electronic navigation chart include: Identification of areas to be resurveyed, survey new features, such as shoreline data, piers, hazards to navigation, and other features not at the required 1-2 meter accuracy, conversion of collected data Into S-57 and Spatial Data Standards (SDS). Plans include developing a technical support center to assist districts during implementation, federal, industry and international coordination and quality assurance and control on all Corps data produced and distributed. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Mann, RG (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, 7701 Teleg Rd, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-28-9 PY 2001 BP 2342 EP 2347 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BV22H UT WOS:000178200800374 ER PT B AU Deal, B Varkki, G AF Deal, B Varkki, G BE Edge, M TI Ecological sustainability and the urban ecosystem SO OLD WORLD - NEW IDEAS: ENVIRONMENT AND CHANGE AND TRADITION IN A SHRINKING WORLD, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Conference of the Environmental-Design-Research-Association CY JUL 03-06, 2001 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Environm Design Res Assoc ID MODEL AB Although the current literature includes discussions relating to the sustainability of the built human community, planning professions have focused their attention on continued technological solutions to environmental problems. These interventions attempt to stabilize the problem at hand through further technological infusion increasing the gap between the origination of the problem and ecologically sound solutions. Ecological sustainability, however, involves the identification of ecologically sound alternatives to current practices. This paper focuses on an integrated, ecological and engineering approach to analyzing urban systems. Ecological theories are introduced to provide a baseline for a correlation with planning and principles of community development. A connection between these ideological entities establishes a theoretical framework for the development of a spatial modeling technique for the identification of ecological systems in the domesticated urban environment. This will be presented by theorizing the conceptual origins of the term sustainability, briefly describing some theories of ecological thought and ecological applications to urban environments. A new urban patch model is then introduced that relates the ecological concepts of hierarchical patch dynamics theory to the urban environment. C1 Univ Illinois, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN RESEARCH ASSOC PI OKLAHOMA CITY PA 733 NORTHEAST 18TH ST, OKLAHOMA CITY, OK 73105 USA BN 0-939922-26-6 PY 2001 BP 143 EP 149 PG 7 WC Architecture; Urban Studies SC Architecture; Urban Studies GA BW05Z UT WOS:000180758500022 ER PT S AU Sausa, RC Venizelos, DT AF Sausa, RC Venizelos, DT BE Mercer, CR Cha, SS Shen, G TI Flame structure studies of burner-stabilized, N2O- and NO2-containing flames by mass spectrometry, laser-induced fluorescence, and modeling SO OPTICAL DIAGNOSTICS FOR FLUIDS SOLIDS AND COMBUSTION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Diagnostics for Fluids, Solids, and Combustion CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE flames; laser-induced fluorescence; molecular beam-mass spectrometry; chemical modeling; kinetics ID COMBUSTION; MECHANISM; NO2 AB Experimental and chemical modeling studies of H-2/N2O/Ar, H-2/NH3/N2O/Ar, and H-2/N2O/NO2/Ar flames are performed to test and refine a detailed chemical mechanism developed in our laboratory. This mechanism consists of 103 reactions and 22 species, and is denoted VS-modified-2. Flame temperatures are measured with a coated, thin-wire thermocouple and by OH and NH laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), whereas species concentration profiles of H-2, NH,, NO2, N2O, N-2, H2O, NO, 02, NH and OH are recorded using molecular beam/mass spectrometry, LIF, or both. The experimental species concentrations are compared to those generated with PREMIX, a one-dimensional, laminar, flame code, using the measured temperature profile and the VS-modified-2 mechanism as input. Overall, the PREMIX calculations predict very well the major, species concentrations throughout each flame. For the H-2/N2O/Ar flame, the postflame 02, OH, and NO concentrations decrease by approximately 90, 45, and 35%, respectively, with the addition of similar to4% NH3. This decrease is predicted rather well by the PREMIX calculations, which show a decrease in 02, OH, and NO by approximately 90, 55, and 40%, respectively. The shapes of the modeled 02, NO, and OH profiles for the H-2/N2O/NO2/Ar flame are in excellent agreement with those observed experimentally. The modeled OH profile even predicts an observed peak at approximately 3 mm above the burner surface. This peak is attributed to the competition between the NO2+H=NO+OH reaction, which produces OH, and the H-2+OH=H2O+H reaction, which consumes it. Rate and sensitivity analyses of the above-mentioned flames are presented discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, ASMRL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Sausa, RC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, ASMRL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4162-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4448 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1117/12.449360 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BT74R UT WOS:000173939100001 ER PT S AU Mait, JN AF Mait, JN BE Casasent, DP Caulfield, HJ Dallas, WJ Szu, HH TI From ink bottles to e-beams: a historical perspective of diffractive optic technology SO OPTICAL PROCESSING AND COMPUTING: A TRIBUTE TO ADOLF LOHMANN SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Processing and Computing: A Tribute to Adolf Lohmann CY APR 17-18, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE diffractive optics; computer-generated holography; Adolf Lohmami; fabrication; design ID COMPUTER-GENERATED HOLOGRAMS; IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; SUBWAVELENGTH STRUCTURES; PHASE QUANTIZATION; COMPLEX-AMPLITUDE; ORDER GRATINGS; BINARY; ELEMENTS; FABRICATION; DOMAIN AB The history of diffractive optic technology is traced from the first hand-drawn computer-generated holograms created by Adolf Lohmann and Byron Brown to elements fabricated using electron beams that are smaller than a human hair. The influence of Adolf Lohmann on the field is recounted, as are the major developments in fabrication and computation. In particular we highlight the influence of technology on design techniques showing how the availability of computer plotters in the 1960s lead to early encoding techniques. The transition in the 1970s to photolithographic fabrication changed the nature of diffractive design from cell-oriented to point-oriented encoding. At the same time optimization routines were developed that incorporated these new fabrication constraints. The introduction of electron beam writing in the fabrication of diffractive optics in the 1980s brought diffractive design in the 1990s full circle to techniques that are again cell-oriented. Shrinking-features have also changed the applications for diffractive elements. First used primarily as filters for optical correlators, diffractive elements will play a critical role in telecommunications systems that are nearing deployment. However, the most visible impact of Adolf Lohmann's contributions are pattern generators sold with laser pointers. This history is dedicated to Adolf Lohmann on the occassion of his seventy-fifth birthday. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Mait, JN (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 97 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4087-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4392 BP 75 EP 86 DI 10.1117/12.432791 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BS89T UT WOS:000171335400007 ER PT S AU Liu, JJ Kalayjian, Z Riely, B Gollsneider, B Lawler, W Chang, W Shen, PH Taysing-Lara, M Newman, PG Simonis, GJ AF Liu, JJ Kalayjian, Z Riely, B Gollsneider, B Lawler, W Chang, W Shen, PH Taysing-Lara, M Newman, PG Simonis, GJ BE Tang, S Li, Y TI High-bandwidth multi-channel optoelectronic interconnects for parallel data and image transmission and processing SO OPTOELECTRONIC INTERCONNECTS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optoelectronic Interconnects VII CY JAN 25-26, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE VCSEL; photodetector; CMOS driver; optical interconnect; parallel processing ID OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS AB A high-bandwidth, free-space integrated optoelectronic interconnect system was built for high-density, parallel data transmission and processing. Substrate-emitting 980 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays and photodetector arrays, both driven by complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuitry, were employed as a transmitter and receiver. We designed, fabricated, hybridized, and packaged the VCSEL transmitter and photoreceiver arrays. Data rates above I Gbs for each channel on the VCSEL/CMOS emitter and 500 MHz for each channel on photoreceiver were measured, respectively. We integrated the optical interconnects using free-space optical alignment and demonstrated serial and parallel transmissions of digital data and video images. C1 US Army Res Lab, AMSRL SE EM, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Liu, JJ (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, AMSRL SE EM, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3970-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4292 BP 52 EP 61 DI 10.1117/12.428038 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BS51F UT WOS:000170185600009 ER PT S AU Zhou, WM Ervin, MH AF Zhou, WM Ervin, MH BE Grote, JG Heyler, RA TI Fabrication and analysis of optoelectronic integrated circuits with one selective area growth SO OPTOELECTRONIC INTERGRATED CIRCUITS AND PACKAGING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits and Packaging V CY JAN 24-26, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE OEIC; monolithic integration; waveguide device; selective epitaxy; optoelectronics ID EPITAXY; LASERS AB We report our recent development of a fabrication method for monolithic semiconductor waveguided optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs) using selective area epitaxy. Selective-area growth (SAG) may can produce an energy band gap variation in the waveguide structure within the same wafer. Therefore, devices such as amplifiers, modulators, and splitters that require different energy band gaps for the same operating wavelength may be fabricated monolithically to avoid the high cost and the signal degradation associated with the hybrid integration. However, epitaxial regrowth is still used in most SAG device fabrication. To further lower the cost and simplify the OEICs fabrication, we proposed a one growth and one waveguide fabrication method. This method requires a single metal-organic-chemical-vapor-deposition (MOCVD) growth of the whole InGaAsP multiple quantum well-waveguide core and InP bottom and top cladding layers on an InP substrate masked by parallel SiO2 strips. A localized shift of the band gap, that is induced by variations in epilayer thickness and composition, can be controlled by varying the width of the SiO2 strips and the gap between the strips. We have developed a special waveguide device processing technique for this type of non-uniform SAG materials. The challenge is to obtain the right energy bandgaps, right quantum well widths, right p-i-n electric fields in different waveguide device sections, and maintaining appropriate optical mode profile when the waveguides pass through the layer thickness and composition variations as well as bending curvatures. For the devices discussed here, extensive optical, electrical and SEM characterizations have been performed to optimize the structure design and processing parameters. A few combinations of integrated waveguide splitters, modulators, and amplifiers have been designed and fabricated. Preliminary device testing has been performed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensor & Electron Dev Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhou, WM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensor & Electron Dev Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3968-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4290 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1117/12.426915 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BS36S UT WOS:000169642500005 ER PT J AU Tanenbaum, PJ Trenk, AN Fishburn, PC AF Tanenbaum, PJ Trenk, AN Fishburn, PC TI Linear discrepancy and weak discrepancy of partially ordered sets SO ORDER-A JOURNAL ON THE THEORY OF ORDERED SETS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE linear discrepancy; weak discrepancy; linear extension; weak extension ID INTERVAL-GRAPHS; BANDWIDTH AB The linear discrepancy of a partially ordered set P=(X,<) is the least integer k for which there exists an injection f: X -->Z satisfying (i) if x Z satisfying (i) if x