FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Tsai, PP Schreuder-Gibson, H Gibson, P AF Tsai, PP Schreuder-Gibson, H Gibson, P TI Different electrostatic methods for making electret filters SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROSTATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Conference of the Electrostatics-Society-of-America CY JUN 18-21, 2000 CL BROCK UNIV, ST CATHARINES, CANADA SP Electrostat Soc Amer HO BROCK UNIV DE corona charging; tribocharging; electrostatic spinning; electret; filter ID FIBERS AB Three charging techniques (viz., corona charging, tribocharging, and electrostatic fiber spinning) were used to charge fibers or fabrics of different polymer types. Corona charging is suitable for charging monopolymer fiber or fiber blend, or fabrics. Tribocharging is only appropriate for charging fibers with dissimilar electronegativity. Electrostatic fiber spinning combines the charging of polymer and the spinning of the fibers as a one-step process. It was observed that two dissimilar fibers following tribocharging had higher filtration efficiency than the corona-charged polypropylene fibers. An electrostatic spinning process produced nanofibers exhibiting extremely high efficiency by mechanical filtration mechanisms. Little charge was retained in electrospun polyethylene oxide fibers; however, polycarbonate and polyurethane retained a great amount of charge. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Text & Nonwovens Dev Ctr, TANDEC, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Soldier Syst Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Tsai, PP (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Text & Nonwovens Dev Ctr, TANDEC, 1321 White Ave, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Gibson, Phillip/D-2398-2010 OI Gibson, Phillip/0000-0002-6172-4438 NR 9 TC 185 Z9 200 U1 16 U2 96 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3886 J9 J ELECTROSTAT JI J. Electrost. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 54 IS 3-4 BP 333 EP 341 AR PII S0304-3886(01)00160-7 DI 10.1016/S0304-3886(01)00160-7 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 531BG UT WOS:000174394400011 ER PT J AU Wang, TA McTernan, WF AF Wang, TA McTernan, WF TI The development and application of a multilevel decision analysis model for the remediation of contaminated groundwater under uncertainty SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE environmental decision modeling; uncertainty analysis; groundwater remediation ID SOIL AB A study was initiated which combined elements of stochastic hydrology, risk assessment, simulation modeling, cost analysis and decision making to define the optimum remediation choice(s) for a Superfund site in the southern United States. The effort focused upon the premise that groundwater remediation is inherently complex due to uncertainties in the geological matrix as well as in contaminant concentrations at points of compliance and/or exposure. The technical analyst should supply the decision maker with estimates of these uncertainties as well as the cost penalties required to reduce them to manageable levels. Monte Carlo transport modeling was employed to define the probability of contaminant excursions from the site, while geostatistical simulation identified a joint plume configuration and its attendant probability. Bayesian modeling was used to define the worth of additional data. These individual components were combined within a Decision Model to identify optimum remediation configurations for a given levels of risk tolerance which could be supplied by the decision maker or affected community. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to define ranges over which the decision would not be affected by variation in the respective decision parameter. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USA, Ft Bragg, NC USA. RP McTernan, WF (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM wmctern@okstate.edu NR 24 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 64 IS 3 BP 221 EP 235 DI 10.1006/jema.2001.0470 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 543MD UT WOS:000175105000001 PM 12040956 ER PT J AU Adams, BJ Maves, RC AF Adams, BJ Maves, RC TI Radiographic identification using the clavicle of an individual missing from the Vietnam conflict SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; radiographic (X-ray) comparison; clavicle; forensic anthropology; digital technology; Vietnam; CILHI ID UNKNOWN HUMAN REMAINS; POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION; POSTMORTEM RADIOGRAPHS; SINUS; ANTEMORTEM; PATTERN AB A case is reported in which radiographic comparison of a clavicle was used to establish the identification of a civilian missing from the Vietnam conflict. While the use of radiographic comparison of skeletal features is not a newly developed technique for personal identification purposes, this case outlines a unique set of circumstances surrounding the disappearance of an individual during the Vietnam conflict and his eventual identification. A radiographic comparison of a right clavicle was critical in the identification process of this individual almost 34 years after he was reported missing. The use of digital technology for radiographic comparison greatly facilitated the process. C1 USA, CILHI, Hickman AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Adams, BJ (reprint author), USA, CILHI, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickman AFB, HI 96853 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 47 IS 2 BP 369 EP 373 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 526DP UT WOS:000174113900022 PM 11908610 ER PT J AU Fielding, CG AF Fielding, CG TI Nutrient canals of the alveolar process as an anatomic feature for dental identifications SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic odontology; alveolar process/radiography; mandible/radiography; hypertension/complications AB Nutrient canals are anatomic structures of the alveolar bone through which neurovascular elements transit to supply teeth and supporting structures. A dental identification using a nutrient canal of the mandibular alveolar process as the most compelling anatomic feature for antemortem-postmortem radiographic comparison is described. Nutrient canals as a potential marker for clinical disease is also discussed. C1 USA, Cent ID Lab, Hicham AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Fielding, CG (reprint author), USA, Cent ID Lab, 310 Worchester Ave, Hicham AFB, HI 96853 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 47 IS 2 BP 381 EP 383 PG 3 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 526DP UT WOS:000174113900025 PM 11908613 ER PT J AU Hains, JJ Kennedy, RH AF Hains, JJ Kennedy, RH TI Rapid collection of spatially-explicit in-situ water quality data using a programmable towed vehicle SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Towed vehicles have been used extensively for marine surveys, yielding the advantages of rapid data collection in three dimensions. Similar application in freshwaters could yield similar advantages but the limitations of such application in freshwater lakes and reservoirs have not been studied extensively. We employed a towed sensor array to conduct spatially-referenced in-situ water quality investigations in the forebay region of J. Strom Thurmond Lake, SC/GA. The vehicle was computer controlled from the surface and was capable of either programmed or manual control of depth as well as ascent and descent rate. The vehicle was fitted with a sensor array which allowed internal logging of in-situ data. GPS positions were logged separately and the resultant datasets were merged to form a comprehensive three-dimensional descriptive dataset. The use of the towed vehicle and the technological limits imposed by sensors on the water quality sonde were studied for strengths and weaknesses. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Hains, JJ (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 17 IS 1 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1080/02705060.2002.9663873 PG 9 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 520LK UT WOS:000173783200012 ER PT J AU Sharma, A Shukla, A Prosser, RA AF Sharma, A Shukla, A Prosser, RA TI Mechanical characterization of soft materials using high speed photography and split hopkinson pressure bar technique SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB High-speed photography in conjunction with the viscoelastic Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) technique was used to study soft material behavior under dynamic loading conditions. The real-time strains recorded using high speed photography were also used for validating the existing viscoelastic SHPB model. Polyurethane, sculpturing clay, sorbothane and bologna were tested as examples of soft materials. The dynamic compressive strength of clay increased by 4 orders of magnitude compared to the static compressive strength. The dynamic strength of sorbothane increased by 3 orders of magnitude compared to the manufacturer specified static values. Only dynamic experiments, between strain rates of 2700 and 3700/sec, were performed on bologna. All the four materials showed very high strain-rate dependence. The tested materials showed similar stress-strain plots. Clay, Sorbothane and Bologna were very compliant up to 30 to 35% strains followed by a stiffer region where the stresses increased rapidly to the maximum values. The specimens were in stress equilibrium for significant time durations and specimen peak stresses where achieved during this period. (C) 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. USA, Natick Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Sharma, A (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1005 EP 1017 DI 10.1023/A:1014308216966 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 539CY UT WOS:000174853200015 ER PT J AU Givner, A Gurney, J O'Connor, D Kassarjian, A LaMorte, WW Moulton, S AF Givner, A Gurney, J O'Connor, D Kassarjian, A LaMorte, WW Moulton, S TI Reimaging in pediatric neurotrauma: Factors associated with progression of intracranial injury SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the American-Pediatic-Surgical-Association CY MAY 20-23, 2001 CL NAPLES, FLORIDA SP Amer Pediatr Surg Assoc DE pediatric trauma; craniocerebral trauma; head injury; computed tomography; craniotomy ID GLASGOW COMA SCALE; SEVERE HEAD-INJURY; COMPUTERIZED-TOMOGRAPHY; BRAIN INJURY; TRAUMA; CHILDREN; PREDICTORS; MODERATE; HEMATOMA AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize the radiologic changes that are seen in the first 24 to 48 hours after head injury and to correlate those changes with clinical findings, to determine which children are at greatest risk for progression of their neurologic injury. Methods: The authors identified 104 children (less than or equal to17 years of age) who had a second computed tomography (CT) scan of the head within 24 to 48 hours of admission. CT scans were evaluated systematically in a blinded fashion. Mechanism of injury, findings on physical examination, therapeutic measures, and changes in management were recorded from hospital medical records. The 50 children whose second CT scan showed progression of injury were compared with the 54 patients whose intracranial injuries were unchanged or improved on their second CT. Results: Twenty-six percent of patients (13 of 50) with radiographic progression of injury had an admission Glasgow coma score of 15. Progression of injury was more common, however, in patients with lower Glasgow coma scores, averaging 9 on admission and 10 at the time of the second CT. Progression of injury also was more common if the initial head CT showed 3 or more intracranial injuries, mass effect, intraventricular hemorrhage, or an epidural hematoma. Conclusions: Children with an intracranial injury identified on their initial head CT scan should undergo a second scan 24 hours after injury, especially if the initial CT shows 3 or more intracranial injuries, mass effect, intraventricular hemorrhage, or an epidural hematoma. J Pediatr Surg 37:381-385. Copyright (C) 2002 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Div Neuroradiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Div Pediat Surg, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Div Pediat Surg, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Div Neuroradiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Moulton, S (reprint author), Dowling 2419,1 Boston Med Ctr Pl, Boston, MA 02118 USA. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 37 IS 3 BP 381 EP 385 DI 10.1053/jpsu.2002.30825 PG 5 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA 526ZZ UT WOS:000174160700024 PM 11877652 ER PT J AU Hokett, SD Peacock, ME Burns, WT Swiec, GD Cuenin, MF AF Hokett, SD Peacock, ME Burns, WT Swiec, GD Cuenin, MF TI External root resorption following partial-thickness connective tissue graft placement: A case report SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tooth resorption/etiology; tooth root; grafts, connective tissue/complications; follow-up studies ID CIRCUMFERENTIAL PERIODONTAL DEFECTS; INVASIVE CERVICAL RESORPTION; REPLANTED DOGS TEETH; SURFACES; REPAIR; TETRACYCLINE; RESTORATION; EXPOSURE; SURGERY AB We report an unusual case of external root resorption (ERR) that developed in a 37-year-old black mate approximately 1 year following routine partial thickness connective tissue graft surgery. The lesion was accessed via flap surgery, thoroughly root planed, and the mucoperiosteal flap replaced. The site healed uneventfully and the patient has been closely observed for over 1 year without symptoms or recurrence of the resorptive lesion and the affected tooth remained vital. Clinicians performing partial-thickness connective tissue grafts should be alert to the possible occurrence of root resorption over extended periods of time. The authors speculate that retention of the donor periosteum with placement on the recipient dentin and root biomodification may limit the resorptive response following connective tissue graft procedures to treat tooth root recesssion. C1 USA, Dent Activ, Periodont Residency Program, Tingay Dent Clin, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. USA, Dent Activ, Ft Leonard Wood, MO USA. USA, Dent Activ, Ft Campbell, KY USA. RP Hokett, SD (reprint author), USA, Dent Activ, Periodont Residency Program, Tingay Dent Clin, Bldg 320,320 E Hosp Rd, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 73 IS 3 BP 334 EP 339 DI 10.1902/jop.2002.73.3.334 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 532CK UT WOS:000174453900013 PM 11922264 ER PT J AU Major, AL Rose, GS Svaasand, LO Ludicke, F Campana, A van Gemert, MJC AF Major, AL Rose, GS Svaasand, LO Ludicke, F Campana, A van Gemert, MJC TI Intraperitoneal photodynamic therapy in the Fischer 344 rat using 5-aminolevulinic acid and violet laser light: a toxicity study SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE photodynamic therapy; ALA; NuTu-19; ovarian cancer; Fischer 344; krypton-ion laser ID OVARIAN-CANCER; ENDOGENOUS PROTOPORPHYRIN; CLINICAL-EXPERIENCE; PHASE-I; MODEL; FLUORESCENCE; TUMOR; SURGERY; ALA AB Objective: Our study was designed to investigate 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) as a candidate for intraperitoneal photodynamic therapy (IP-PDT). The toxicity of IP-PDT and the effects of IP-PDT on abdominal and pelvic organs, particularly the small intestine, were investigated after ALA administration and illumination with violet laser light. Study design and results: The toxicity of IP-PDT was evaluated in Fischer 344 rats in two ways. In the first part of the study local PDT effects on the intestine were analyzed histologically. Violet laser light (lambda: 406-415 nm) was applied as a 2 cm diameter spot on the intestine 3 h after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 50 mg/kg ALA. (A) Histological tissue samples were taken 0 min, 6 h and 1, 2 and 3 days after treatment (optical dose 3.2 J/cm(2)). Immediately after local PDT (3.2 J/cm(2), 50 mg/kg ALA) showed no effect on the intestine. However, 6 h post PDT there was complete destruction of the mesothelial lining and the outer (longitudinal) smooth muscle. Ganglion cells of the myenteric (Auerbach) plexus were also destroyed. The inner circular smooth muscle, the muscularis mucosa and the lamina propria were unharmed. Marked lymphectasia was present at this time. (B) To determine the threshold light dose of tissue destruction caused by PDT, different optical doses (1.6, 3.2, 6.4 J/cm(2)) were administered and histologic analysis of tissue samples were obtained I day post treatment. Destruction of the entire external musculature, submucosal structures and muscularis mucosa of the intestine at the illumination site could be observed above 1.6 J/cm(2) (50 mg/ka ALA). In the second part of the study whole peritoneal cavity PDT (WPC-PDT) was performed by illumination of the whole peritoneal cavity with 1.6 j/cm(2) Violet light 3 h after ALA administration using different drug doses (200, 100 and 50 mg/kg). WPC-PDT showed lethal toxicity with a drug dose above 50 mg/kg ALA at 1.6 j/cm(2). The probable cause of death in the first 3 days after IP-PDT was rhabdomyolysis, whereas when death occurred at longer time intervals, megaintestine associated with significant damage could be observed; however, without perforation of the intestinal wall. Conclusion: In rats WPC-PDT with 50 mg/kg ALA, 1.6 J/cm2 at lambda=415 nm was the maximum tolerable light dose. This dose is likely to be above the threshold of destruction of ovarian cancer micrometastasis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science BY All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hosp Geneva, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys Elect, Trondheim, Norway. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Ctr Laser, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Major, AL (reprint author), Univ Hosp Geneva, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 30 Bld de la Cluse, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1011-1344 J9 J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO B JI J. Photochem. Photobiol. B-Biol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 107 EP 114 AR PII S1011-1344(01)00249-4 DI 10.1016/S1011-1344(01)00249-4 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 539MK UT WOS:000174873800002 PM 11897510 ER PT J AU Lang, NM Jennings, BM AF Lang, NM Jennings, BM TI Nurses and nursing in the health care quality policy arena SO JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USA, Nurse Corps, Off Assistant Secretary Def Hlth Affairs, TRICARE Management Activ, Alexandria, VA 22306 USA. Hlth Program Anal & Evaluat, Alexandria, VA 22306 USA. RP Lang, NM (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, 420 Guardian Dr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 8755-7223 J9 J PROF NURS JI J. Prof. Nurs. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 60 EP + DI 10.1053/jpnu.2002.32342 PG 2 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 547KR UT WOS:000175332000003 PM 11977000 ER PT J AU Bundy, ML Tidman, DA Cooper, GR AF Bundy, ML Tidman, DA Cooper, GR TI Sizing a slingatron-based space launcher SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID MASS AB A slingatron is the name given to a propellantless mechanical means of launching a projectile. To date, slingatrons are only conceptual in nature, but their potential use as a ground-to-space launch mechanism for unmanned payloads is under investigation. Slingatrons can be configured in a variety of geometries; one form consists of a spiral track (or launch tube) that gyrates at a constant frequency about a set radius. Under proper conditions (design parameters), a projectile entering the spiral at its small radius end will undergo nearly constant tangential acceleration before exiting. The differential equations governing the motion of the projectile within the spiral are highly nonlinear, making the optimum design solution nonintuitive. This paper briefly describes how the slingatron works, then uses the numerical integration procedures within the computer software environment of Simulink(R) and MATLAB(R) to search for the minimum-sized slingatron needed to launch a 1000-kg projectile into space. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Adv Launch Corp, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Bundy, ML (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 330 EP 337 DI 10.2514/2.5938 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 532QV UT WOS:000174487300015 ER PT J AU Cooper, GR Tidman, DA Bundy, ML AF Cooper, GR Tidman, DA Bundy, ML TI Numerical simulations of the slingatron SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID MASS AB The slingatron mass accelerator is described for several track configurations (shapes) and numerical simulations of an accelerating mass traversing a given track configuration. The sled is modeled as a point mass that interacts with the slingatron track by a conventional and a new empirical velocity-dependent friction law. The closed-loop circular slingatron was found to produce high maximum sled velocities, provided the gyration angular speed is always increasing. In contrast, several spiral-shaped slingatron tracks reveal that high maximum sled velocities are obtainable with the gyration speed held constant. In fact, a slingatron constructed of semicircles is shown capable of generating high-velocity sleds in such a way that no initial sled injection is necessary. Choosing the proper initial gyration phase with an empirically determined friction model allows the mass sled to gain ever-increasing velocities when it is placed in a semicircle slingatron. The sled bearing pressure and its total acceleration are examined and presented. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aerodynam Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Adv Launch Corp, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Cooper, GR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aerodynam Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 338 EP 343 DI 10.2514/2.5939 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 532QV UT WOS:000174487300016 ER PT J AU Echevarria, AJ AF Echevarria, AJ TI The 'Cult of the offensive' revisited: Confronting technological change before the Great War SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Article AB Conventional wisdom maintains that military thinkers before the Great War resorted to an irrational, and ultimately self-defeating, 'cult of the offensive' to overcome the rapidly increasing effectiveness of modern firepower. On the contrary, an underlying and, indeed, compelling military rationale did exist for placing renewed emphasis on the offensive spirit, particularly after the Russo-Japanese War (1904-5). Moreover, the cult's central argument was not that moral forces alone could overcome material factors, but that the human element must be made strong enough to complement the newfound power of military technology, The idea was not to pit man against machine, but to make man worthy of machine. RP Echevarria, AJ (reprint author), USA, Natl Secur Affairs Strateg Studies Inst, Carlisle, PA USA. NR 98 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU FRANK CASS CO LTD PI ESSEX PA NEWBURY HOUSE, 900 EASTERN AVE, NEWBURY PARK, ILFORD, ESSEX IG2 7HH, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 199 EP 214 DI 10.1080/714004043 PG 16 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 566BU UT WOS:000176407600008 ER PT J AU Lentz, JJ Leek, MR AF Lentz, JJ Leek, MR TI Decision strategies of hearing-impaired listeners in spectral shape discrimination SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AUDITORY PROFILE ANALYSIS; INTENSITY PERCEPTION; LEVEL DISCRIMINATION; WEIGHTS; UNCERTAINTY; RESOLUTION; FREQUENCY; SIGNAL; TONES AB The ability to discriminate between sounds with different spectral shapes was evaluated for normal-hearing, and hearing-impaired listeners. Listeners detected a 920-Hz tone added in phase to a single component of a standard consisting of the sum of five tones spaced equally on a logarithmic frequency scale ranging from 200 to 4200 Hz. An overall level randomization of 10 dB was either present or absent. In one subset of conditions, the no-perturbation conditions, the standard stimulus was the sum of equal-amplitude tones. In the perturbation conditions, the amplitudes of the components within a stimulus were randomly altered on every presentation. For both perturbation and no-perturbation conditions, thresholds for the detection of the 920-Hz tone were measured to compare sensitivity to changes in spectral shape between normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners. To assess whether hearing-impaired listeners relied on different regions of the spectrum to discriminate between sounds, spectral weights were estimated from the perturbed standards by correlating, the listener's responses with the level differences per component across two intervals of a two-alternative forced-choice task. Results showed that hearing-impaired and normal-hearing listeners had similar sensitivity to changes in spectral shape. On average, across-frequency correlation functions also were similar for both groups of listeners, suggesting that as long as all components are audible and well separated in frequency, hearing-impaired listeners can use information across frequency as well as normal-hearing listeners. Analysis of the individual data revealed, however, that normal-hearing listeners may be better able to adopt optimal weighting schemes. This conclusion is only tentative, as differences in internal noise may need to be considered to interpret the results obtained from weighting studies between normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Lentz, JJ (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, 200 S Jordan Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM jjlentz@yahoo.com FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC 00626] NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 111 IS 3 BP 1389 EP 1398 DI 10.1121/1.1451066 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 531HN UT WOS:000174410100026 PM 11931316 ER PT J AU Fishbain, JT Eckart, RE Harner, KC Hospenthal, DR AF Fishbain, JT Eckart, RE Harner, KC Hospenthal, DR TI Empiric immunization versus serologic screening: Developing a cost-effective strategy for the use of hepatitis A immunization in travelers SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION; ANTIBODY AB Background: Older individuals and those born overseas are thought at increased risk of prior exposure and thus have naturally acquired immunity to hepatitis A. Whether these individuals or other groups of international travelers should be screened for acquired immunity or empirically immunized is not clear. Hepatitis A serology and risk factor data was obtained prospectively in patients presenting for hepatitis A immunization and used to develop a cost-effective strategy for the use of serologic screening and empiric immunization in our traveler population. Method: Candidates for hepatitis A immunization were routinely screened for total hepatitis A serum antibody. Risk factor data including country of birth, travel history, and history of jaundice was collected. Cost-effectiveness was assessed by comparing the cost of serology to screen all patients plus cost to immunize those found to be seronegative with, the cost of empirically immunizing all patients. Results: Analyses were conducted comparing age, travel history, country of birth, and history of jaundice for significance in predicting seropositivity in a group of 115 subjects. Country of birth was statistically a significant predictor of positive results with 80.0% of foreign-born patients positive for total antibody against hepatitis A compared with 35.6% of patients born in the United States. Living outside of the United States (defined as greater than 30 days) was also correlated with a higher prevalence of hepatitis A positive serology. Age was not predictive for the group as a whole. A lower prevalence (24.3%) was noted in the group of US born individuals aged 30 to 60. Travel and prior history of jaundice failed to demonstrate significance. Conclusions: Employing a simple cost-effectiveness equation using cost of serological testing, cost of vaccine, and prevalence of acquired immunity in the community, a strategy was developed. In our population it was cost-effective to screen all foreign-born individuals and those who had lived outside the United States. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Fishbain, JT (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Bldg 2,Ward 63, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 71 EP 75 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 541TG UT WOS:000175000000003 PM 12044273 ER PT J AU Kane, CJ Tarman, GJ Summerton, DJ Buchmann, CE Ward, JF O'Reilly, KJ Ruiz, H Thrasher, JB Zorn, B Smith, C Morey, AF AF Kane, CJ Tarman, GJ Summerton, DJ Buchmann, CE Ward, JF O'Reilly, KJ Ruiz, H Thrasher, JB Zorn, B Smith, C Morey, AF TI Multi-institutional experience with buccal mucosa onlay urethroplasty for bulbar urethral reconstruction SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE urethra, obstruction; urethral, mucus membrane; urethral stricture; transplants ID ASSOCIATION SYMPTOM INDEX; ANTERIOR URETHROPLASTY; GRAFT; STRICTURES; SKIN AB Purpose: Buccal mucosa has been advocated as an ideal graft material for urethral reconstruction. We report our multicenter experience with buccal mucosa ventral onlay urethroplasty for complex bulbar urethral reconstruction in adults. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients who had undergone buccal onlay urethroplasty at 4 military medical treatment facilities participating in the Uniformed Services Urology Research Group was performed. The database generated included demographic data, genitourinary history, preoperative symptoms (American Urological Association symptom score), preoperative urinary flow rate, stricture length and operative statistics. Postoperative followup data included symptom score, flow rate, retrograde urethrogram results, and complications. Results: A total of 53 patients (average age 32 years, range 17 to 64) underwent buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty between January, 1996 and March, 1998 for refractory strictures. Sixteen patients had undergone an average of 2.2 prior endoscopic procedures (range 1 to 7). Average stricture length was 3.6 plus or minus standard deviation 1.8 cm. (range 2 to 7.5) as measured on preoperative retrograde urethrogram. Followup averaged 25 months (range 11 to 40 months). Average symptom scores decreased from 21.2 (range 14 to 33) preoperatively to 5.4 (range 3 to 8) postoperatively (p <0.001). Average peak urinary flow rates increased from 7.9 preoperatively to 30.1 ml. per second postoperatively (p <0.001). Postoperative retrograde urethrograms were available for 34 patients and were normal in 24. The overall complication rate was 5.4%. Three patients required endoscopic incisions. One patient has a recurrent narrowing and treatment is considered a failure. There were 4 sacculations (7.5%) and 6 narrowings, 3 of which required further treatment. Of the patients 50 required no additional procedures (94.3%). Conclusions: Buccal mucosa grafts used as a ventral onlay for bulbar urethral reconstruction yield reproducibly excellent results with minimal morbidity and low complication rates. Longer followup will be required to confirm the durability of our results. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, San Diego, CA USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Dept Surg, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Kane, CJ (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. NR 22 TC 87 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 3 BP 1314 EP 1317 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65289-5 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 519YK UT WOS:000173752900023 PM 11832721 ER PT J AU DeCastro, BJ Anderson, SB Morey, AF AF DeCastro, BJ Anderson, SB Morey, AF TI End-to-end reconstruction of synchronous urethral strictures SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE urethral stricture; anastomosis; surgical C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. RP DeCastro, BJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 3 BP 1389 EP 1389 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65310-4 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 519YK UT WOS:000173752900052 PM 11832742 ER PT J AU Deliman, PN Gerald, JA AF Deliman, PN Gerald, JA TI Application of the two-dimensional hydrothermal and water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2, to the Chesapeake Bay - Conowingo Reservoir SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CE-QUAL-W2; HSPF; two-dimensional; hydrothermal/hydrodynamic model; water quality model; water quality; scour; resuspension AB The application of the two-dimensional hydrothermal and water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2, to the Conowingo, Reservoir is presented. The performance of the CE-QUAL-W2 model was enhanced with the addition of multiple particle size settling rates, and an algorithm to account for the scour process within a reservoir. The benefit of the Conowingo Reservoir to perform sediment and nutrient trapping was determined from the calculation of removal efficiencies which showed important characteristics for this reservoir which is near the end of its useful lifespan in regards to trapping capability. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Deliman, PN (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 10 EP 19 PG 10 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 606HX UT WOS:000178729500002 ER PT J AU Netherland, MD Honnell, DR Staddon, AG Getsinger, KD AF Netherland, MD Honnell, DR Staddon, AG Getsinger, KD TI Comparison of immunoassay and HPLC for analyzing fluridone concentrations: New applications for immunoassay techniques SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ELISA; immunoassay; aquatic herbicide; herbicide residue; Sonar; HPLC ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL; HYDRILLA; WATER; FLORIDA AB High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique were used to analyze concentrations of the aquatic herbicide fluridone (1-methyl-3 phenyl-5-[-3 (trifluromethyl) phenyl]-4 (1H) pyridinone) in 488 surface water samples collected from two lakes in Michigan treated in 1997, 2 Michigan lakes treated in 1998, 1 lake in Florida treated in 1996, and a series of research ponds treated in Florida in 1997. Samples were collected following application of fluridone associated with operational treatment programs that targeted the exotic submersed plants Myriophyllum spicatum L. (Michigan) and Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle (Florida). ELISA and HPLC results compared well (r(2) = 0.84 to 0.98) across a broad range of initial fluridone treatment rates (5 to 150 mug(.)L(-1)). The potential use of ELISA to monitor fluridone residues in the water in near real-time, and to use this residue data for lake specific herbicide treatment recommendations represents a unique use of ELISA technology. C1 SePRO Corp, Carmel, IN 46032 USA. Univ N Texas, Inst Appl Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. USA, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Netherland, MD (reprint author), SePRO Corp, 11550 N Meridian St Suite 600, Carmel, IN 46032 USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 6 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 75 EP 80 PG 6 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 606HX UT WOS:000178729500008 ER PT J AU Zalameda, JN AF Zalameda, JN TI Heat source finite pulse time effects in thermal nondestructive testing SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE thermal diffusivity; thermal nondestructive testing; impulse heating; pulse heating ID DIFFUSIVITY AB An important material property for quantitative thermal nondestructive testing (NDT) is the measurement of thermal diffusivity. Any change in this material property can potentially be attributed to a discontinuity. One area causing a potential error in the measurement of thermal diffusivity is the finite pulse time of the input heat source. Newer infrared camera technologies have allowed for the capture of very fast transient temperature events. These events can be affected by the finite pulse time of the input heat source. In this work, two types of commonly used heat sources are investigated: flash and quartz heat lamps. Measurement errors of thermal diffusivity are demonstrated for aluminum and stainless steel samples of varying thickness where the finite pulse time of the input heat flux is not taken into account. An analysis is presented to estimate these measurement errors. This is necessary to calculate when the finite pulse time of the input heat flux must be taken into account. By improving the measurement accuracy, thermal NDT can be snore readily accepted as a quantitative testing technique and potentially open new areas of application. C1 USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate MS 231, NASA,Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Zalameda, JN (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate MS 231, NASA,Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 60 IS 3 BP 425 EP 429 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 529RE UT WOS:000174311700008 ER PT J AU Gillespie, JB Ligon, DA Pellegrino, PM Fell, NF Wood, NJ AF Gillespie, JB Ligon, DA Pellegrino, PM Fell, NF Wood, NJ TI Development of a broadband lidar system for remote determination of aerosol size distributions SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Congress on Optical Particle Characterization CY APR, 2001 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND DE lidar; inversion; OPO; optical parametric oscillator; aerosol; size distribution; broadband; idler; Monte Carlo ID RETRACING BEHAVIORS; INVERSION; REGULARIZATION; EXTINCTION; PARAMETERS; RETRIEVAL AB We describe a broad bandwidth lidar technology for the estimation of size distributions and refractive indices of aerosol clouds. The concept is to illuminate an aerosol cloud with a pulse of intense broadband light From a specially designed laser system, collect the backscattered light as a function of wavelength and analyse it with novel inversion algorithms. The laser system has a simultaneously broadband output between 1.4-1.8 mum in each pulse. This is in an eye-safe region and is optimal for detection of particles in the one to ten micrometre size range. A lidar simulation was performed to demonstrate the potential for the method and the broad bandwidth source is described and characterized for power and spectral output. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. QinetiQ, Sensors & Avion Syst Dept, Farnborough GU14 0LX, Hants, England. RP USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM jgillesp@arl.army.mil; njwood@QinetiQ.com NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 13 IS 3 BP 383 EP 390 AR PII S0957-0233(02)27740-1 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/13/3/321 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 536RC UT WOS:000174714800022 ER PT J AU Beidleman, BA Rock, PB Muza, SR Fulco, CS Gibson, LL Kamimori, GH Cymerman, A AF Beidleman, BA Rock, PB Muza, SR Fulco, CS Gibson, LL Kamimori, GH Cymerman, A TI Substrate oxidation is altered in women during exercise upon acute altitude exposure SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE hypobaric hypoxia; ovarian hormones; respiratory exchange ratio; lactate; menstrual cycle ID MENSTRUAL-CYCLE PHASE; FREE FATTY-ACIDS; GENDER DIFFERENCES; CARBOHYDRATE UTILIZATION; INDIRECT CALORIMETRY; METABOLIC-RESPONSES; PROLONGED EXERCISE; LIPID UTILIZATION; MUSCLE GLYCOGEN; PERFORMANCE AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether substrate oxidation during submaximal exercise in women is affected by an acute exposure to 4300-m-altitude and menstrual cycle phase. Methods: Eight female lowlanders (mean +/- SD; 33 +/- 3 yr, 58 +/- 6 kg, 163 +/- 8 cm) completed a peak oxygen uptake ((V) over dot O-2peak) and submaximal exercise to exhaustion (EXH) test at 70% of their altitude-specific (V) over dot O-2peak at sea level (SL) and during an acute altitude (AA) exposure to 4300 in in a hypobaric chamber (446 mm Hg) in their early-follicular and midluteal menstrual cycle phase. The respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was calculated from oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide output measurements made during the EXH tests, and used to estimate the percent contribution of fat and carbohydrate to energy metabolism. Blood samples were taken at rest and every 15 min during the EXH tests. Blood samples were evaluated for glucose, lactate, glycerol, free fatty acids, insulin, growth hormone, cortisol, glucagon, epinephrine, norepirephrine, estradiol, and progesterone concentrations. Results: Despite increased (P < 0.05) estradiol and progesterone levels in the midluteal phase, substrate oxidation, energy substrates, and metabolic hormones were not affected by cycle phase at SL or AA. However, free fatty acids and cortisol were increased (P < 0.05) whereas RER was decreased (P < 0.05) during exercise upon AA exposure compared with SL in both cycle phases. Conclusions: These data suggest that substrate oxidation is altered in women during exercise at AA compared with SL but is not affected by cycle phase. Whether increased fat or protein oxidation accounts for die lower RER values during the AA exposure cannot be determined from this study but warrants further investigation. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Div Neuropsychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Beidleman, BA (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM beidleman@na.amedd.army.mil NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 34 IS 3 BP 430 EP 437 DI 10.1097/00005768-200203000-00008 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 528WV UT WOS:000174268300008 PM 11880806 ER PT J AU Kad, BK Schoenfeld, SE Burkins, MS AF Kad, BK Schoenfeld, SE Burkins, MS TI Computational modeling of through-thickness dynamic impact response in cross-rolled Ti-6Al-4V plates SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the TMS CY FEB 11-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP TMS ID PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURES; TEMPERATURES; CRYSTALS; TITANIUM; TEXTURE AB The through-thickness ballistic impact response for extra-low-interstitial (ELI)-grade Ti-6Al-4V cross-rolled and heat-treated plates is numerically simulated, taking into account specific material textures. Ballistic tests suggest that the incidence of material plugging is affected by specific thermal/mechanical processing paths above and below the beta-transus temperature. Ti-6Al-4V polycrystalline aggregates are nominally textured via routine rolling-deformation and thermal-processing schedules in the alpha + beta or beta-phase fields. Thus, realistic processing textures, viz., the basal, transverse, as well as an idealized random texture, are simulated via a two-dimensional (2D) constitutive model for slip and twinning (treated here as pseudoslip) prescribed for the hcp single crystal. The polycrystal is constructed by incorporating the material theory into a finite-element model that explicitly represents a spatial distribution of single crystals. The polycrystalline mechanical response is examined with respect to macroscopic shear loading, such as that which may take place during dynamic punch-through processes. A ranking of the material textures is prescribed via numerically derived measures of external work performed. Results indicate that transverse textures generated by thermal/mechanical processing in the beta-phase field are particularly susceptible to impact failures. Such microstructural and orientation-sensitive rankings are a keen marker of material performance and offer a refinement over the quasistatically generated Mil-A-4077 acceptance criterion for ballistic impact applications. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Kad, BK (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 3 SI SI BP 937 EP 947 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 564TB UT WOS:000176328700027 ER PT J AU Baime, MEE AF Baime, MEE TI Private consensual sodomy should be constitutionally protected in the military by the right to privacy SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USA, Ft Bliss, TX 79906 USA. RP Baime, MEE (reprint author), USA, Ft Bliss, TX 79906 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 171 BP 91 EP 134 PG 44 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 546FQ UT WOS:000175263100002 ER PT J AU Keeler, MJA AF Keeler, MJA TI Genocide: Prevention through nonmilitary measures SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Keeler, MJA (reprint author), USAF, Mil Justice Div, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 171 BP 135 EP 191 PG 57 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 546FQ UT WOS:000175263100003 ER PT J AU Cuneo, KL AF Cuneo, KL TI Ungentlemanly acts: The army's notorious incest trial SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 50, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Cuneo, KL (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 50, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 171 BP 192 EP 199 PG 8 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 546FQ UT WOS:000175263100004 ER PT J AU Hartsell, JE AF Hartsell, JE TI Desertion SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Hartsell, JE (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 50, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 171 BP 200 EP 210 PG 11 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 546FQ UT WOS:000175263100005 ER PT J AU Huston, RP AF Huston, RP TI Traitors among us: Inside the spy catcher's world SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 50, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Huston, RP (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 50, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 171 BP 211 EP 219 PG 9 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 546FQ UT WOS:000175263100006 ER PT J AU Pollard, MD AF Pollard, MD TI Judgement at Tokyo: The Japanese war crimes trials SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Pollard, MD (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 50, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 171 BP 220 EP 226 PG 7 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 546FQ UT WOS:000175263100007 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Mann, S DeWitt, D Sales, LY Kennedy, S Poropatich, RK AF Abbott, KC Mann, S DeWitt, D Sales, LY Kennedy, S Poropatich, RK TI Physician-to-physician consultation via electronic mail: The Walter Reed Army Medical Center Ask a Doc system SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PRACTITIONERS; TELEMEDICINE; INTERNET AB Introduction: Physician-to-physician consultation and discussion have traditionally been conducted by telephone, paper, and "curbside" (face to face meetings). The implementation and use of physician-to-physician consultation via electronic mail in a military health care system has not been reported previously. Methods: The group mail function of the Composite Health Care System, the main outpatient medical automation system for the Department of Defense, was modified to create mailgroups for every specialty of the Walter Reed Army Medical Center to facilitate ease of physician-to-physician consultation. This modification was called the "Ask a Doc" system. The system was deployed to a 21-state health care network among triservice participants. Results: There were 3,121 consultations logged from April 22, 1998, to December 31, 2000. Growth in use expanded initially and was sustained during a 3-year period. Average response time to consultations was less than 1 day (11.93 hours). Additional training and maintenance requirements were minimal. In general, the use of electronic consultation mirrored that of clinical practice. Most specialty consultations involved the disciplines of internal medicine. Conclusions: Use of the Ask a Doc system was representative of total clinical workload and increased access to specialty medical care over a wide geographic area. The distribution of use indicated that user statistics were legitimate, and quality improvement programs could easily troubleshoot the system. Ask a Doc was inserted into a regional health care network with minimal cost to support and implement and was sustained with very little effort for 3 years. Barriers to even wider use currently include lack of secure communications and the difficulty in assigning workload credit for electronic consultations. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 3 BP 200 EP 204 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DP UT WOS:000181420200005 PM 11901566 ER PT J AU Rupard, EJ O'Malley, PG Jones, DL Feuerstein, I Brazaitis, M Taylor, AJ AF Rupard, EJ O'Malley, PG Jones, DL Feuerstein, I Brazaitis, M Taylor, AJ TI Does the diagnosis of coronary calcification with electron beam computed tomography motivate behavioral change in smokers? SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SMOKING CESSATION; ARTERY DISEASE; CONTROLLED TRIAL; INTERVENTION; SEVERITY AB Background: Electron beam computed tomography is promoted as a test that may enhance patient motivation to alter cardiovascular risk behaviors. Methods: We surveyed a consecutive sample of asymptomatic, active smokers (N = 144) who underwent screening electron beam computed tomography about their current motivation to alter their smoking behavior in the context of their tomography results. Results: Patients with coronary artery calcification (42% of the sample) were more likely to perceive increased cardiovascular risk (42 vs. 13%; p < 0.01). Overall, most patients (59%) rated themselves as more motivated to quit smoking after electron beam computed tomography, but there was no relationship between motivational levels or smoking behavioral change and the presence of coronary artery calcification. Conclusions: In smokers predominantly self-referred for electron beam computed tomography, the presence of coronary artery calcification does not appear to influence motivation for smoking cessation or smoking behavior. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Rupard, EJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 3 BP 211 EP 214 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DP UT WOS:000181420200007 ER PT J AU Christopher, FL Hepburn, MJ Frolichstein, RA AF Christopher, FL Hepburn, MJ Frolichstein, RA TI Pertussis in a military and military beneficiary population: Case series and review of the literature SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID SHORT-TERM TREATMENT; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; UNIVERSITY-STUDENTS; ADULT PERTUSSIS; COUGH ILLNESSES; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; AZITHROMYCIN; PREVENTION; MANAGEMENT AB Three cases of pertussis (whooping cough) identified in a military emergency department are reported. Two of these cases involved infants with typical presentations. One of these infants was too young to have received immunizations, and the other child was only partially immunized. The third case involved an active duty soldier with a chronic cough. Pertussis has become increasingly important as a cause of chronic cough in adults. As a result of the infectivity of this organism, close-quarter situations, such as day care centers and military barracks, create the opportunity for substantial person-to-person transmission. Typical and atypical clinical presentations of pertussis are discussed, with an emphasis on currently available diagnostic modalities. The epidemiology and pathophysiology of this disease are also reviewed. The medical management of active duty soldiers and their dependents (both pediatric and adult) with this largely underappreciated infection and their close contacts is presented. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium E, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Christopher, FL (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium E, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 3 BP 215 EP 218 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DP UT WOS:000181420200008 PM 11901569 ER PT J AU Stahl, JM Kerns, DG AF Stahl, JM Kerns, DG TI Accuracy of prescription medication reporting among active duty US Army dental patients SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH; VALIDITY; DENTISTS AB Dentist routinely ask patients about medication usage before dental treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine if active duty personnel relate accurate information about medications they have been prescribed in the 6 months before an annual dental examination. This study also examined whether patients knew the dosage of the medication they were prescribed. The information in this study was obtained from 100 active duty soldiers at their dental examinations. The data were verified through the Composite Health Care System computer information system. In this study, 35% of patients had been prescribed at least one medication. Fifty-one percent of the patients prescribed medication in this study accurately reported their prescription history in the 6 months before their dental examinations. Forty-five percent of the patients that reported being prescribed medication actually knew the correct dosage of the medication they were prescribed. C1 USA, Dent Act, Billy Johnson Dent Clin, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. RP Stahl, JM (reprint author), USA, Dent Act, Billy Johnson Dent Clin, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 3 BP 228 EP 230 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DP UT WOS:000181420200011 PM 11901572 ER PT J AU Luu, VD Wiley, TM AF Luu, VD Wiley, TM TI Recurrent syncope in a 31-year-old army staff sergeant SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VASOVAGAL SYNCOPE; NEUROCARDIOGENIC SYNCOPE; UNEXPLAINED SYNCOPE; DIAGNOSING SYNCOPE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; ALGORITHM; PACEMAKER AB A 31-year-old white male active duty staff sergeant stationed in Germany was referred to Walter Reed Army Medical Center for further evaluation of recurrent syncope. His symptoms began many years ago with spells of lightheadedness. In recent months, he had several episodes of loss of consciousness during prolonged standing. The patient had two witnessed syncopal episodes, both while standing in formation in warm weather. These spells were associated with slight nausea and increased sweating. There was no report of seizure activity or postictal state with the two witnessed events. His symptoms recurred frequently despite conservative measures such as situational avoidance and liberal salt and fluid intake. He denied recent illness, chest pain, palpitations, head trauma, or seizure activity. He denied environmental stressors, change of appetite, sleep disturbance, or illicit drug use. He was physically active and performed well on the Army Physical Fitness Test. There was no family history of heart disease or sudden cardiac death. He took no medications. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Luu, VD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 3 BP 263 EP 265 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DP UT WOS:000181420200018 ER PT J AU Williams, AS Kost, ER Hermann, J Zahn, C AF Williams, AS Kost, ER Hermann, J Zahn, C TI Hysteroscopy in the evaluation and treatment of mucinous adenocarcinoma SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLICATIONS; HYSTERECTOMY; CANCER AB BACKGROUND: Hysteroscopy to evaluate abnormal uterine bleeding is gaining popularity. The standard methods of evaluation, endocervical curettage, and endometrial biopsy frequently diagnose adenocarcinoma without determining location. Because the treatments of endometrial and endocervical cancers are different, knowing the neoplastic origin is desirable. CASES: Two postmenopausal women were referred for abnormal uterine bleeding. Endometrial biopsies were consistent with mucinous adenocarcinoma without distinction between cervical and endometrial sites. Endocervical curettages were inconclusive. Both patients underwent hysteroscopy at the time of exploratory laparotomy, which revealed the location of the adenocarcinomas, one in the endocervix and one in the uterine fundus. CONCLUSION: The location of adenocarcinoma maybe further clarified by the use of intraoperative hysteroscopy, which can aid in determining surgical treatment. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. RP Williams, AS (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, 2922 Dixon Plain Dr, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 99 IS 3 BP 509 EP 511 AR PII S0029-7844(01)01736-7 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(01)01736-7 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 524JU UT WOS:000174010300024 PM 11864683 ER PT J AU Crenshaw, ME Bowden, CM AF Crenshaw, ME Bowden, CM TI Quantum optics of two-level atoms in a dielectric: comparison of macroscopic and microscopic quantizations of the dielectric SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; ABSORBING DIELECTRICS; SPONTANEOUS DECAY; 2-LEVEL ATOMS; FIELD; MEDIA; BISTABILITY; DERIVATION AB We obtain Langevin-Bloch equations of motion for optically resonant atoms embedded in a dielectric host using both the conventional macroscopic quantization of the field in a dielectric and the microscopic quantization of the Lorentz model of enumerated oscillators embedded in the vacuum. The two sets of equations of motion exhibit substantial differences in their dependence on the index of refraction of the host dielectric medium. We compare and contrast the essential conceptual features of the macroscopic and microscopic theories, relating the inconsistency of the results to differences in the underlying Maxwellian and Lorentzian descriptions of the interaction of the radiation with the vacuum and matter. We invoke the correspondence principle to discriminate between the two results and demonstrate that quantization of the macroscopic Maxwell equations leads to incorrect equations of motion for embedded two-level atoms while the microscopic result is consistent with the correspondence principle. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Weap Sci Directorate, AMSAM,RD,WS,ST,Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Crenshaw, ME (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Weap Sci Directorate, AMSAM,RD,WS,ST,Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 203 IS 1-2 BP 115 EP 124 AR PII S0030-4018(02)01139-2 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(02)01139-2 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 532PN UT WOS:000174484400016 ER PT J AU Doolittle, AM Mair, EA AF Doolittle, AM Mair, EA TI Tracheal bronchus: Classification, endoscopic analysis, and airway management SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article AB OBJECTIVE: Tracheal bronchus (bronchus suis) is an unusual congenital anomaly in which the right upper lobe has its origin in the trachea rather than distal to the carina. We sought to analyze the anatomy, presentation, and airway management principles of tracheal bronchi, and we present the first endoscopically documented tracheal diverticulum. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: Retrospective case series. RESULTS: The tracheal bronchus is located at the junction of the mid and distal thirds of the right lateral trachea, is more common in males and children with other congenital anomalies, and may be associated with right main bronchus stenosis. Bronchoscopy provides a clear definitive view of the anomaly, which we found in 5 children during a 12-year period (0.5% of pediatric bronchoscopy procedures). We illustrate 3 types of tracheal bronchi: (1) vestigial tracheal diverticulum (newly described), (2) high apical lobe, and (3) fully developed supranumerary aerated tracheal bronchus. Endoscopic documentation of each type is presented. Children with tracheal bronchi may present with stridor, cough, and/or recurrent right-sided pneumonia and/or to have foreign body aspiration ruled out. Treatment is based on the severity of symptoms and ranges from observation to right upper lobectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Otolaryngologists should be aware of the tracheal bronchus, to include classification, endoscopic analysis, and airway management of this uncommon anomaly. Bronchoscopy with selected radiographic imaging allows the otolaryngologist to fully evaluate the child with a tracheal bronchus and to present timely therapeutic options. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Otolarygnol Head & Neck Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Mair, EA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Otolarygnol Head & Neck Surg Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 10 TC 40 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 126 IS 3 BP 240 EP 243 DI 10.1067/mhn.2002.122703 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 548CM UT WOS:000175371100006 PM 11956531 ER PT J AU Erickson, Q Yanase, D Perry, V AF Erickson, Q Yanase, D Perry, V TI Temporal triangular alopecia: Report of an African-American child with TTA misdiagnosed as refractory tinea capitis SO PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Temporal triangular alopecia is an underrecognized form of nonscarring alopecia that appears in children between the ages of 3 and 6 years and is often misdiagnosed. Increased awareness of this entity is needed to prevent ineffective and harmful treatments. We present a case misdiagnosed as tinea capitis in an African-American girl, review the literature, and elucidate the major differential diagnoses. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Erickson, Q (reprint author), USAF MC, Dept Dermatol MCHE MDD, Bldg 3600,3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0736-8046 J9 PEDIATR DERMATOL JI Pediatr. Dermatol. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 19 IS 2 BP 129 EP 131 DI 10.1046/j.1525-1470.2002.00051.x PG 3 WC Dermatology; Pediatrics SC Dermatology; Pediatrics GA 549XZ UT WOS:000175473700009 PM 11994175 ER PT J AU Piantanida, NA Person, DA Piantanida, EW AF Piantanida, NA Person, DA Piantanida, EW TI Infrapatellar hypertrichosis: An unusual cutaneous manifestation of juvenile dermatomyositis SO PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIPOATROPHY AB Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is an uncommon inflammatory myopathy with characteristic cutaneous manifestations. Certain clinical features such as cutaneous calcification, lipoatrophy, and generalized hypertrichosis can occur in JDM but are uncommon in the adult form of the disease. We report a young girl who presented with dramatic infrapatellar hypertrichosis along with more classic clinical signs of JDM, including heliotrope periorbital eruption, photosensitivity, and profound proximal muscle weakness. The clinical course was favorable, with improvement of cutaneous and muscular abnormalities after corticosteroid treatment. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Dermatol Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Schofield Barracks Family Practice Clin, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Piantanida, EW (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Dermatol Serv, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0736-8046 J9 PEDIATR DERMATOL JI Pediatr. Dermatol. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 19 IS 2 BP 132 EP 135 DI 10.1046/j.1525-1470.2002.00050.x PG 4 WC Dermatology; Pediatrics SC Dermatology; Pediatrics GA 549XZ UT WOS:000175473700010 PM 11994176 ER PT J AU Lefkowitz, W AF Lefkowitz, W TI Oxygen and resuscitation: Beyond the myth SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEWBORN PIGLETS; CARDIAC-ARREST; REPERFUSION INJURY; 100-PERCENT OXYGEN; ROOM-AIR; VENTILATION; HYPOXANTHINE; 21-PERCENT; HYPOXIA; MODEL C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Lefkowitz, W (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Room C-1066,4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2002 VL 109 IS 3 BP 517 EP 519 DI 10.1542/peds.109.3.517 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 527TE UT WOS:000174202800034 PM 11875151 ER PT J AU Crane, CC AF Crane, CC TI "No practical capabilities" - American biological and chemical warfare programs during the Korean war SO PERSPECTIVES IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Much controversy still surrounds accusations that American forces in the Far East during the Korean War used biological warfare against North Korea and China. An analysis of recently declassified documents reveals that, although the United States attempted to accelerate its development and acquisition of such weapons during that period, its efforts to create a viable biological war-fare capability were unsuccessful. Plans to similarly expand chemical warfare stocks and capabilities were also frustrated. Technological difficulties, personnel shortages, bureaucratic battles between the armed services, and policy limitations combined to hold back advances in American chemical and biological warfare. In light of the recent fears of terrorist attacks with such weapons, this analysis highlights the great difficulties involved in developing, acquiring, and delivering such capabilities. C1 US Army War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. RP Crane, CC (reprint author), US Army War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0031-5982 J9 PERSPECT BIOL MED JI Perspect. Biol. Med. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 45 IS 2 BP 241 EP 249 DI 10.1353/pbm.2002.0024 PG 9 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC History & Philosophy of Science; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 538QL UT WOS:000174826500007 PM 11919382 ER PT J AU Woolard, D Zhao, P Cui, HL AF Woolard, D Zhao, P Cui, HL TI THz-frequency intrinsic oscillations in double-barrier quantum well systems SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Nonequilibrium Carrier Dynamics in Semiconductors (HCIS-12) CY AUG, 2001 CL SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO DE terahertz frequency; oscillator; quantum well; Wigner function ID SIMULATION AB Traditional implementations of double-barrier quantum well structures (DBQWSs) have not been successful as oscillator sources at THz frequencies because they are utilized in an extrinsic (i.e., external charge exchange) manner. Indeed, the true failing of a "traditional" DBQWS-based oscillator is tied directly to the physical principles associated with its implementation. In this paper, greater insight into the physics of instabilities within nanoscale tunneling structures is revealed. Here, self-consistent, time-dependent Wigner-Poisson simulations demonstrate sustained THz-frequency current-oscillations in a DBQWS that arise without the benefit of external charging processes. More importantly, dependencies between the emitter-boundary structure and the DBQWS are identified that strongly influence the internal instability phenomenon. These new results offer potential methodologies for inducing and controlling intrinsic oscillations in DBQWSs. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. RP Woolard, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Res Off, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAR PY 2002 VL 314 IS 1-4 BP 108 EP 112 AR PII S0921-4526(01)01372-2 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(01)01372-2 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 558ZD UT WOS:000175997500025 ER PT J AU West, BJ Picozzi, S AF West, BJ Picozzi, S TI Fractional Langevin model of memory in financial time series SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL PROPERTIES; PRICE FLUCTUATIONS; RELAXATION; CALCULUS; MARKETS AB Financial time series are random with the absolute value of the price index fluctuations having an inverse power-law correlation. A dynamical model of this behavior is proposed using a fractional Langevin equation. The physical basis for this model is the divergence of the microscopic time scale to overlap with the macroscopic time scale: a condition that is not observed in classical statistical mechanics. This time-scale separation provides a mechanism for the market to adjust the volitility of the price index fluctuations. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27701 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP West, BJ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27701 USA. EM westb@aro.arl.army.mil RI West, Bruce/E-3944-2017 NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 2002 VL 65 IS 3 AR 037106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.037106 PN 2B PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 533UP UT WOS:000174549000080 PM 11909317 ER PT J AU Flynn, TW Fritz, J Wainner, RS Whitman, J AF Flynn, TW Fritz, J Wainner, RS Whitman, J TI Are physical agents the same as rehabilitation? SO PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Letter ID EXERCISE; THERAPY C1 Baylor Univ, Grad Program Phys Therapy, USA, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, USA, Post Prof Doctoral Program Orthopaed & Manual Phy, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. RP Flynn, TW (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Grad Program Phys Therapy, USA, 3151 Scott Rd, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 N FAIRFAX ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0031-9023 J9 PHYS THER JI Phys. Ther. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 82 IS 3 BP 286 EP 287 PG 2 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation GA 528KF UT WOS:000174242400009 PM 11869156 ER PT J AU Deyle, GD Henderson, NE Garber, MB Matekel, RL Ryder, MG Allison, SC AF Deyle, GD Henderson, NE Garber, MB Matekel, RL Ryder, MG Allison, SC TI Is manual physical therapy distinct from physical therapy clinical practice? SO PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Letter C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78218 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Baylor Univ, USA, Postprofessional Doctoral Program Orthopaed & Man, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Baylor Univ, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Grad Sch, Waco, TX 76798 USA. USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. RP Deyle, GD (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, San Antonio, TX 78218 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 N FAIRFAX ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0031-9023 J9 PHYS THER JI Phys. Ther. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 82 IS 3 BP 287 EP 288 PG 2 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation GA 528KF UT WOS:000174242400010 PM 11869157 ER PT J AU Flores, F Gillespie, JW Bogetti, TA AF Flores, F Gillespie, JW Bogetti, TA TI Experimental investigation of the cure-dependent response of vinyl ester resin SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STRESS AB The objective of this research is to understand the influence of the thermochemical and thermomechanical material response of low temperature cured vinyl ester resin (Dow Derakane 411-C-50) on the development of residual stress and warpage during processing. The primary experimental technique is the bimaterial specimen experiment, in which the warpage of a bimaterial beam is used as a measure of residual stress. The bimaterial specimen experiment was developed to isolate the chemical and thermal contributions to curvature. Existing material models for shrinkage, modulus, and glass transition temperature as a function of cure were evaluated. These material models were used as input into the bimaterial equation for curvature prediction. The predicted curvatures were used along with the experimental curvatures to evaluate the material models and their ability to accurately describe the material response of the vinyl ester resin. Results showed that the model captured the overall experimental trend in curvature buildup during processing but overestimated the curvature from chemical effects during isothermal cure. Improved correlation was achieved by incorporating a time shift in the model to account for viscoelastic stress relaxation of the resin. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Flores, F (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD, CT 06804-0403 USA SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 582 EP 590 DI 10.1002/pen.10973 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 534MW UT WOS:000174591000010 ER PT J AU Eaton, PE Zhang, MX Gilardi, R Gelber, N Iyer, S Surapaneni, R AF Eaton, PE Zhang, MX Gilardi, R Gelber, N Iyer, S Surapaneni, R TI Octanitrocubane: A new nitrocarbon SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article ID AMIDE ACTIVATION; SYSTEMATIC SUBSTITUTION; CUBANE NUCLEUS; 1,3,5,7-TETRANITROCUBANE; POLYNITROCUBANES; CHEMISTRY; PREDICTION; METALATION; GRIGNARDS; DENSITY AB Octanitrocubane, the first new nitrocarbon in 18 years, is introduced as a potential explosive of great power. Its synthesis and characterization are described. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. RP Eaton, PE (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM eaton@uchicago.edu NR 37 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 532PH UT WOS:000174483900001 ER PT J AU Coffman, JD Zhu, JW Roach, JM Bavari, S Ulrich, RG Giardina, SL AF Coffman, JD Zhu, JW Roach, JM Bavari, S Ulrich, RG Giardina, SL TI Production and purification of a recombinant staphylococcal enterotoxin B vaccine candidate expressed in Escherichia coli SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION LA English DT Article ID HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; BACTERIAL SUPERANTIGENS; BIOLOGICAL-WEAPONS; STRATEGIES; PROTEINS; AUREUS; GENES; SCALE AB An attenuated, recombinant form of Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (rSEB) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli under transcriptional control of the T7 promoter. The 28-kDa rSEB was partially purified from soluble, intracellular protein by tangential flow filtration and differential ammonium sulfate precipitation. The intermediate product was then further purified using low-pressure liquid chromatography including hydrophobic interaction, cation exchange, and size-exclusion matrices. The final vialed product was >95% pure as determined by Coomassie blue-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, high-pressure size-exclusion chromatography, and capillary zonal electrophoresis. The endotoxin level was <0.6 EU/mg. Final estimated yield of purified rSEB was 147 mg/L of starting culture. Purified rSEB was stable, elicited an immune response in mice, and protected mice against a lethal challenge with the native toxin. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 NCI, SAIC Frederick, Biopharmaceut Dev Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Giardina, SL (reprint author), NCI, SAIC Frederick, Biopharmaceut Dev Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-56000] NR 27 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-5928 J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF JI Protein Expr. Purif. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 24 IS 2 BP 302 EP 312 DI 10.1006/prep.2001.1556 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 526ZP UT WOS:000174159800017 PM 11858726 ER PT J AU Krupka, HI Segelke, BW Ulrich, RG Ringhofer, S Knapp, M Rupp, B AF Krupka, HI Segelke, BW Ulrich, RG Ringhofer, S Knapp, M Rupp, B TI Structural basis for abrogated binding between staphylococcal enterotoxin A superantigen vaccine and MHC-II alpha SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE enterotoxin; major histocompatibility complex; Staphylococcus aureus; vaccine design; X-ray structure ID COMPLEX CLASS-II; RECEPTOR-BETA-CHAIN; T-CELL ACTIVATION; BACTERIAL SUPERANTIGENS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CROSS-LINKING; MOLECULES; AUREUS; SITES; RESISTANCE AB Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are superantigenic protein toxins responsible for a number of life-threatening diseases. The X-ray structure of a staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) triple-mutant (L48R, D70R, and Y92A) vaccine reveals a cascade of structural rearrangements located in three loop regions essential for binding the alpha subunit of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules. A comparison of hypothetical model complexes between SEA and the SEA triple mutant with MHC-II HLA-DR1 clearly shows disruption of key ionic and hydrophobic interactions necessary for forming the complex. Extensive dislocation of the disulfide loop in particular interferes with MHC-IIalpha binding. The triple-mutant structure provides new insights into the loss of superantigenicity and toxicity of an engineered superantigen and provides a basis for further design of enterotoxin vaccines. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Macromol Crystallog Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Lab Mol Immunol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Rupp, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, LLNL, BBRP, POB 808,L-448, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3 BP 642 EP 651 DI 10.1110/ps.39702 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 523BR UT WOS:000173931900019 PM 11847286 ER PT J AU Crone, CC Gabriel, G AF Crone, CC Gabriel, G TI Herbal and nonherbal supplements in medicalpsychiatric patient populations SO PSYCHIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID ST-JOHNS-WORT; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; ADENOSYL-L-METHIONINE; GREEN-TEA CONSUMPTION; ACETYL-L-CARNITINE; POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC AGENT; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIALS; CHROMIUM-BINDING SUBSTANCE; CONGESTIVE-HEART-FAILURE; GINKGO-BILOBA AB Complimentary alternative medicine treatments have become increasingly popular over the past few years, with herbal and nonherbal supplements being important components of this trend. Used for a myriad of physical and mental health problems, patients often turn to them without adequate knowledge about their risks and benefits. In many cases, physicians also lack current information about these supplements, including their potential side effects and drug-drug interactions. This article seeks to provide physicians with concise information about supplements that can be shared with patients interested in pursuing this treatment route. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Inova Transplant Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Falls Church, VA 22031 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Geriatr Psychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Crone, CC (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Inova Transplant Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Falls Church, VA 22031 USA. NR 189 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 8 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0193-953X J9 PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM JI Psychiatr. Clin. North Amer. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 211 EP + DI 10.1016/S0193-953X(03)00059-5 PG 22 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 530PU UT WOS:000174368800012 PM 11912941 ER PT J AU Arms, DA Dufresne, EM Clarke, R Dierker, SB Pereira, NR Foster, D AF Arms, DA Dufresne, EM Clarke, R Dierker, SB Pereira, NR Foster, D TI Refractive optics using lithium metal SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th National Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation Conference CY AUG 22, 2001 CL MADISON, WISCONSIN ID X-RAY LENS AB Thanks to its low x-ray absorption, lithium should be the material of choice for x-ray refractive lenses. This article discusses some of the measurements done to verify lithium's relevant properties. Both x-ray transmission and refraction are consistent with expectations. The lens gain suffers from broadening that is related to small-angle scattering. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, MHATT CAT, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ecopulse Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Arms, DA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 73 IS 3 BP 1492 EP 1494 DI 10.1063/1.1436547 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 527JK UT WOS:000174182800038 ER PT J AU Guerna-Burgueno, F AF Guerna-Burgueno, F TI The centennial of the Yellow Fever Commission and the use of informed consent in medical research SO SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO LA English DT Review DE yellow fever; informed consent; research; ethics, medical ID CLINICAL RESEARCH; DECLARATION; HELSINKI AB The year 2000 marked the centennial of the discovery of the mode of transmission of yellow fever. Informed consent was systematically used for the first time in research. This process was the result of a complex social phenomenon involving the American Public Health Association, the US and Spanish Governments, American and Cuban scientists, the media, and civilian and military volunteers. The public health and medical communities face the AIDS pandemic at the beginning of the 2 1 11 Century, as they faced the yellow fever epidemic at the beginning of the 20(th) Century. Current medical research dilemmas have fueled the debate about the ethical conduct of research in human subjects. The AIDS pandemic is imposing enormous new ethical challenges on the conduct of medical research, especially in the developing world. Reflecting on the yellow fever experiments of 1900, lessons can be learned and applied to the current ethical challenges faced by the international public health research community. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Enter Infect, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Guerna-Burgueno, F (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Enter Infect, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NACIONAL SALUD PUBLICA PI CUERNAVACA PA AV UNIVERSIDAD 655, COL SANTA MARIA AHUACATITLAN, CUERNAVACA 62508, MORELOS, MEXICO SN 0036-3634 J9 SALUD PUBLICA MEXICO JI Salud Publica Mexico PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 44 IS 2 BP 140 EP 144 DI 10.1590/S0036-36342002000200009 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 557AY UT WOS:000175886200009 PM 12053781 ER PT J AU Mann, RG AF Mann, RG TI Inland electronic navigational charts in the USACE SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Mann, RG (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 43 IS 3 BP 10 EP 15 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 534JM UT WOS:000174582200002 ER PT J AU Libraty, DH Nisalak, A Endy, TP Suntayakorn, S Vaughn, DW Innis, BL AF Libraty, DH Nisalak, A Endy, TP Suntayakorn, S Vaughn, DW Innis, BL TI Clinical and immunological risk factors for severe disease in Japanese encephalitis SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE Japanese encephalitis; severe disease; clinical aspects; immune response; risk factors; Thailand ID VIRUS; PROTECTION; MICE AB Eighty-five paediatric patients in Thailand with acute Japanese encephalitis (JE) were studied in 198799 to determine risk factors present at hospital admission which were associated with severe disease. On univariate analysis, the following factors on admission were significantly associated with the combined end-point of death or a severe neurological deficit: depressed level of consciousness, elevated concentration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein, low levels of serum and CSF IgG antibody against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), low level of serum IgM antibody against JEV, and a serological response consistent with primary flavivirus infection. On multivariate analysis, an initial serum anti-JEV IgM < 150 U and the absence of a prior flavivirus infection, presumably dengue, remained independent risk factors for death or a severe neurological deficit. The ability to mount an early and vigorous JEV-reactive antibody response is associated with a better outcome from acute JE. An anamnestic, anti-flavivirus, immune response induced by a prior dengue virus infection can be an important means of providing this protection. C1 USAMC, AFRIMS, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD USA. Kamphaeng Phet Prov Hosp, Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceut, Collegeville, PA USA. RP Libraty, DH (reprint author), USAMC, AFRIMS, Dept Virol, 315-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-34533] NR 30 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 96 IS 2 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(02)90294-4 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 605DW UT WOS:000178661000015 PM 12055808 ER PT J AU Wongsrichanalai, C Gasser, RA AF Wongsrichanalai, C Gasser, RA TI Current status of malaria rapid diagnostic devices: an update SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Wongsrichanalai, C (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 107 EP 108 DI 10.1016/S1471-4922(01)02175-4 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 524GV UT WOS:000174005600002 PM 11854085 ER PT J AU Bourget, PG AF Bourget, PG TI Collective capacity: Regional information sharing in support of floodplain management SO WATER INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE floodplain management; risk reduction; non-structural hazards mitigation; shared risk AB An approach for assessing regional receptivity to flood risk reduction is presented, taking into account institutional, cultural, and technical capacities. Since flood plain boundaries often cross multiple jurisdictions it is important to view the Management of flood hazards within a regional context. In order to be effective, mitigation strategies should include some measure of the social system itself. This is necessary to ensure that the proper measures are being applied to the proper community Attempts to evaluate regional receptivity based on resident floodplain management practices are therefore provided, with emphasis placed on non-structural approaches to hazards mitigation. The Red River of the North, which straddles the US/Canadian border, was chosen as the study area of choice owed largely to its repeated history of extreme flood events in combination with a relatively advanced means of coping with them. In order to construct the risk reduction evaluation templates presented, cross-border communications patterns were assessed, expressed user needs for region-wide information sharing were consolidated, and potentially transferable functional areas were isolated. The results suggest a risk-sharing framework that is suited for performing inter-basin comparisons. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Bourget, PG (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI CARBONDALE PA SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, 4535 FANER HALL, MC 4516, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-4516 USA SN 0250-8060 J9 WATER INT JI Water Int. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 27 IS 1 BP 27 EP 37 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 549QL UT WOS:000175455700005 ER PT J AU Watt, G Burnouf, T AF Watt, G Burnouf, T TI AIDS - Past and future. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Human Plasma Prod Serv, F-59800 Lille, France. RP Watt, G (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 28 PY 2002 VL 346 IS 9 BP 710 EP 711 DI 10.1056/NEJM200202283460917 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 525HJ UT WOS:000174062800026 PM 11870254 ER PT J AU Goodnough, MC Oyler, G Fishman, PS Johnson, EA Neale, EA Keller, JE Tepp, WH Clark, M Hartz, S Adler, M AF Goodnough, MC Oyler, G Fishman, PS Johnson, EA Neale, EA Keller, JE Tepp, WH Clark, M Hartz, S Adler, M TI Development of a delivery vehicle for intracellular transport of botulinum neurotoxin antagonists SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE botulinum neurotoxin; targeted drug dell-very; laser confocal microscopy; fluorescent probe ID BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; LIGHT-CHAIN; HEAVY; TOXIN; INTERNALIZATION; PURIFICATION; EFFICACY; TETANUS; NEURONS AB A targeted delivery vehicle (DV) was developed for intracellular transport of emerging botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) antagonists. The DV consisted of the isolated heavy chain (HC) of BoNT/A coupled to a 10-kDa amino dextran via the heterobifunctional linker 3-(2-pyridylthio)-propionyl hydrazide. The HC served to target BoNT-sensitive cells and promote internalization of the complex, while the dextran served as a platform to deliver model therapeutic molecules to the targeted cells. To determine the ability of this chimeric glycoprotein to enter neurons, dextran and HC were labeled independently with the fluorescent dyes Oregon green 488 and Cy3, respectively. Internalization of DV was monitored in primary cortical cells using laser confocal microscopy. Incubation of cells for 24 h with DV resulted in discrete punctate labeling of both soma and processes. The Cy3 and Oregon green 488 signals were generally co-localized, suggesting that the complex remained in the same intracellular compartment during the initial 24 h. The DV-associated fluorescence was reduced progressively by co-application of increasing concentrations of unlabeled BoNT/A holotoxin. The results suggest that the BoNT/A HC is able to mediate internalization of a coupled dextran, even though the latter bears no resemblance to the BoNT/A light chain (LC). The HC of BoNT/A thus offers promise as a selective carrier to deliver BoNT antagonists to the nerve terminal cytoplasm for inhibiting the proteolytic activity of internalized BoNT/A LC. (C) 2002 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Neurotoxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Food Res Inst, Dept Food Microbiol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NICHHD, Dev Neurobiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Metabiol, Madison, WI 53719 USA. RP Adler, M (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Neurotoxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD FEB 27 PY 2002 VL 513 IS 2-3 BP 163 EP 168 AR PII S0014-5793(02)02268-8 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02268-8 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 534QM UT WOS:000174597900005 PM 11904143 ER PT J AU DeAngelo, AJ Ouellette, D AF DeAngelo, AJ Ouellette, D TI Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in an orthotopic liver transplant patient SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article ID BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; RECIPIENTS; INFECTION; BOOP AB A 67-year-old woman was hospitalized for progressive dyspnea on exertion. She had undergone orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) 15 months before admission. Posttransplant therapy consisted of tacrolimus, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and prednisone (the latter two were discontinued after 1 year). Physical examination revealed fine bibasilar crackles. High-resolution chest CT demonstrated bilateral, diffuse, interstitial infiltrates. Symptoms persisted on i.v. antibiotics and bronchoscopy was performed demonstrating patchy fibroplastic plugs within air spaces consistent with bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP). Prednisone was initiated and the patient had an uneventful recovery. BOOP was initially described as an idiopathic disease process with clinical, radiographic, pathological, and prognostic features distinguishing it from bronchiolitis obliterans and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BOOP has been recognized as a complication of lung and bone marrow transplantation, but the mechanism is unknown. We report a case of BOOP after OLT to highlight the risk in all transplant patients as well as the protective effect of posttransplant prednisone. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Pulm Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP DeAngelo, AJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD FEB 27 PY 2002 VL 73 IS 4 BP 544 EP 546 DI 10.1097/00007890-200202270-00009 PG 3 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 528VB UT WOS:000174263900009 PM 11889426 ER PT J AU Pennington, JC Brannon, JM AF Pennington, JC Brannon, JM TI Environmental fate of explosives SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE explosives; weapons; RDX; TNT; HMX ID EARTHWORM EISENIA-ANDREI; ARMY AMMUNITION PLANT; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE TNT; COVALENT BINDING; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE RDX; CLOSTRIDIUM-BIFERMENTANS; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; NUCLEOPHILIC-ADDITION; AMBYSTOMA-TIGRINUM AB Waste disposal practices associated with military production of weapons, especially before and during World War 11, have resulted in significant contamination of soils and ground water with high explosives such as TNT, RDX and HMX. Development of remediation and risk management strategies for these contaminated sites as well as development of approaches for sustainable use of active training and weapons testing sites require an understanding of how the energetic compounds interact with the environment. Factors affecting leaching and transport, microbial degradation, phytotoxicity and plant uptake, and invertebrate and vertebrate toxicity are determinants of ultimate environmental fate and hazard potential. In this article, we will summarize our current understanding of these interactions, identify significant data deficiencies, and briefly discuss the drivers of future research in this area. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Engineer R&D Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Pennington, JC (reprint author), USA, Engineer R&D Ctr, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM penninj@ex1.wes.army.mil NR 81 TC 125 Z9 128 U1 5 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD FEB 25 PY 2002 VL 384 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 163 EP 172 AR PII S0040-6031(01)00801-2 DI 10.1016/S0040-6031(01)00801-2 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 531LC UT WOS:000174416000014 ER PT J AU Jenkins, TF Walsh, ME Miyares, PH Hewitt, AD Collins, NH Ranney, TA AF Jenkins, TF Walsh, ME Miyares, PH Hewitt, AD Collins, NH Ranney, TA TI Use of snow-covered ranges to estimate explosives residues from high-order detonations of army munitions SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE explosives; detonation; RDX; firing ranges; residues AB Estimation of the amounts of residues resulting from high-order detonation of munitions is complicated by the presence of residues from previous detonations and the inability to easily obtain adequately-sized samples to overcome spatial heterogeneity in residue deposition. This study was conducted to assess the use of snow-covered ranges to provide these types of estimates. Specifically, snow-covered ranges were used to estimate the amount of explosives residues that resulted from detonation of individual mortar rounds and a small antipersonnel land mine. At Fort Drum, NY, 60 nun mortars were fired and at Camp Ethan Allen, VT, 81 mm mortars and a Yugolavian PMA2 land mine were detonated by EOD (explosives ordnance disposal) personnel after attaching C4 (RDX) and/or a blasting cap, The locations where residues were deposited were identified by the presence of soot from the detonation of TNT on the surface of the otherwise clean snow. Large surface snow samples were collected with a snow shovel and the melted snow was extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). For both types of mortars the main charge was composition B (60% RDX and 39% TNT); for the land mine, the main charge was TNT with an RDX booster. The major residues produced for the mortars were RDX and nitroglycerine (NG), with lesser amounts of HMX, and TNT. Surface concentrations ranged from as high as 4430 mug/m(2) for RDX to <0.05 mug/m(2) for TNT, both at Camp Ethan Allen. For the land mine, the major residues were TNT and RDX with surface concentrations of 20.8 and 1.8 mug/m(2), respectively. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Sci & Technol Corp, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Jenkins, TF (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD FEB 25 PY 2002 VL 384 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 173 EP 185 AR PII S0040-6031(01)00803-6 DI 10.1016/S0040-6031(01)00803-6 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 531LC UT WOS:000174416000015 ER PT J AU Rice, BM Hare, J AF Rice, BM Hare, J TI Predicting heats of detonation using quantum mechanical calculations SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE density functional theory; quantum mechanical; GGA; heat of detonation ID SURFACE ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIALS; OCTANITROCUBANE; ENERGIES AB Heats of detonation of pure explosives and explosive formulations are predicted using quantum mechanical (QM) information generated for isolated molecules. The methodology assumes that the heat of detonation of an explosive compound of composition CaHbNcOd can be approximated as the difference between the heats of formation of the detonation products and that of the explosive, divided by the formula weight of the explosive. Two sets of decomposition gases were assumed: the first corresponds to the H2O-CO2 arbitrary [J. Chem. Phys. 48 (1968) 23]. The second set assumes that the product composition gases consist almost solely of H-2, N-2, H2O, CO, and CO2. The heats of formation used in this method are predicted using equations that convert QM information for an isolated energetic molecule to condensed phase heats of formation. Solid phase heats of formation predicted using the methods described herein have a root mean square (rms) deviation of 13.7 kcal/mol from 72 measured values (corresponding to 30 molecules). For the calculations in which the first set of decomposition gases is assumed, predicted heats of detonation of pure explosives with the product H2O in the gas phase have a rms deviation of 0,138 kcal/g from experiment; results with the product H2O in the liquid state have a rms deviation of 0.116 kcal/g from experiment. Predicted heats of detonation assuming the second set of decomposition gases have a rms deviation from experiment of 0.098 kcal/g. Heats of detonation for explosive formulations were also calculated, and have a rms deviation from experiment of 0.058 kcal/g. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Rice, BM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM BD, Bldg 4600, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 31 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD FEB 25 PY 2002 VL 384 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 377 EP 391 AR PII S0040-6031(01)00796-1 DI 10.1016/S0040-6031(01)00796-1 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 531LC UT WOS:000174416000032 ER PT J AU Amersdorfer, P Wong, C Smith, T Chen, S Deshpande, S Sheridan, R Marks, JD AF Amersdorfer, P Wong, C Smith, T Chen, S Deshpande, S Sheridan, R Marks, JD TI Genetic and immunological comparison of anti-botulinum type A antibodies from immune and non-immune human phage libraries SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE botulinum; antibody engineering; vaccine; phage display ID TOXIN TYPE-A; FILAMENTOUS PHAGE; NEUROTOXIN SEROTYPE; DISPLAY LIBRARIES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TETANUS; SPECIFICITY; ANTITOXIN; FRAGMENT; PROTEINS AB Understanding the antibody response in botulinum intoxication is important for vaccine design and passive prophylaxis. To investigate this activity, we have studied the immune response to BoNT/A (botulinum neurotoxin serotype A) binding domain (H-C) at the molecular level using phage display. The scFv antibodies were isolated from V gene repertoires prepared from (a) human volunteer immunized with pentavalent botulinum toxoid and (b) non-immune human peripheral blood lymphocytes and spleenocytes. A large panel of serotype specific phage expressing botulinum binding scFv could be selected from both libraries. Epitope mapping of immune scFv binders towards BoNT/A HC revealed surprisingly a limited number of scFv recognizing conformational epitopes that corresponded to two distinct groups, clusters I and II Only scFv from cluster I exhibited neutralizing activity in the mouse hemidiaphragm assay. Anti- BoNT/A HC clones derived from a non-immune library could be conveniently grouped into clusters III-XI and appeared to share no overlapping epitopes with cluster I or H. In addition they showed no neutralization of toxin at biologically significant concentrations. We therefore suggest that a vaccine based on the pentavalent botulinum toxoid directs the humoral immune response to a limited number of immunodominant epitopes exposed on the binding domain H-C. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Anesthesia & Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Toxinol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Neurotoxicol Branch, Div Pathophysiol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Amersdorfer, P (reprint author), Corvas Int, Dept Biol, 3030 Sci Pk Rd, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. NR 44 TC 69 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 22 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 11-12 BP 1640 EP 1648 AR PII S0264-410X(01)00482-0 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00482-0 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 536DR UT WOS:000174685900022 PM 11858873 ER PT J AU Kende, M Yan, CH Hewetson, J Frick, MA Rill, WL Tammariello, R AF Kende, M Yan, CH Hewetson, J Frick, MA Rill, WL Tammariello, R TI Oral immunization of mice with ricin toxoid vaccine encapsulated in polymeric microspheres against aerosol challenge SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE oral immunization; ricin toxoid; polymeric microspheres; humoral immune response; protection ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BIODEGRADABLE MICROSPHERES; POLY(LACTIDE-CO-GLYCOLIDE) MICROPARTICLES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DELIVERY SYSTEM; SECRETORY IGA; ANTIGEN; PROTEIN; ANTIBODIES AB Mucosal (oral) immunization of mice with carrier-delivered ricin toxoid (RT) vaccine was accomplished by one long (7 weeks) or two short (4 weeks) immunization schedules. For the long and short immunization schedule two lots of vaccine were administered prepared with the same procedure but at different occasions. The long schedule consisted of a total of seven doses of 50 mug of vaccine in microencapsulated (lot #108) or aqueous form administered on days 1, 2, 3, 28, 29, 30 and 49. With the short schedule a total of seven or six doses of 25 mug (lot #111) were administered on days 1, 2, 3, 14, 15, 16 and 30, or on 1, 2, 14, 15, 30, 31 and 32, respectively. Mice immunized orally with the long schedule, 50 mug of RT vaccine incorporated into poly-DL-lactide-co-glycolyde (DL-PLG) microspheres (MS) produced serum IgG, IgG2a and I-A ELISA antibodies. All mice immunized with RT in DL-PLG MS (RT-MS) were protected against a lethal ricin aerosol challenge. In contrast, with the same schedule and with the same dose, the aqueous vaccine (RT) failed to stimulate IgG, IgG2a and IgA antibodies, and these mice were not protected against an aerosol ricin toxin challenge. With the shorter immunization scheme, seven doses of 25 Rg RT-MS stimulated a significant, though reduced, protection with the microencapsulated, but not with the aqueous vaccine. When the first and second 3-day cycles of the short immunization schedule was reduced to two doses, and the 3-day cycle was administered at the end of the schedule, neither RT-MS nor RT stimulated protection against the challenge. These results indicated that successful oral immunization with RT-MS depended on both the dose and the schedule, consisting of three consecutive days of administration in two cycles, 4 weeks apart. Altering this schedule and the dose, resulted in a reduced protection or no protection at all. Furthermore, under the conditions of this study, the advantage of the microencapsulated RT vaccine over the aqueous vaccine for effective oral immunization was well demonstrated. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Kende, M (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 42 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 22 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 11-12 BP 1681 EP 1691 AR PII S0264-410X(01)00484-4 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00484-4 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 536DR UT WOS:000174685900028 PM 11858879 ER PT J AU Ben-David, A Ifarraguerri, A AF Ben-David, A Ifarraguerri, A TI Computation of a spectrum from a single-beam Fourier-transform infrared interferogram SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PHASE CORRECTION; SPECTROSCOPY; IR AB A new high-accuracy method has been developed to transform asymmetric single-sided interferograms into spectra. We used a fraction (short, double-sided) of the recorded interferogram and applied an iterative correction to the complete recorded interferogram for the linear part of the phase induced by the various optical elements. Iterative phase correction enhanced the symmetry in the recorded interferogram. We constructed a symmetric double-sided interferogram and followed the Mertz procedure [Infrared Phys. 7, 17 (1967)] but with symmetric apodization windows and with a nonlinear phase correction deduced from this double-sided interferogram. In comparing the solution spectrum with the source spectrum we applied the Rayleigh resolution criterion with a Gaussian instrument line shape. The accuracy of the solution is excellent, ranging from better than 0.1% for a blackbody spectrum to a few percent for a complicated atmospheric radiance spectrum. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Sci & Technol Corp, Edgewater, MD 21040 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Ben-David, A (reprint author), Sci & Technol Corp, Suite 206 500 Edgewood Rd, Edgewater, MD 21040 USA. EM avishai.bendavid@aphea.army.mil NR 10 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1181 EP 1189 DI 10.1364/AO.41.001181 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 523CN UT WOS:000173934400031 PM 11900143 ER PT J AU Davis, VT Thompson, JS AF Davis, VT Thompson, JS TI Measurement of the electron affinity of cerium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE-IONS; BOUND-STATES; LANTHANIDES; ATTACHMENT; ENERGIES; CE; 6P AB The electron affinity of cerium has been measured using laser photodetachment electron spectroscopy. The electron affinity of Ce((1)G(4)) was determined to be 0.955 +/- 0.026 eV. The data also show that Ce- has at least two bound excited states with binding energies of 0.921 +/- 0.025 eV and 0.819 +/- 0.027 eV relative to the ((1)G(4)) ground state of the cerium atom. The present experimental measurements are compared to recent calculations of the energy levels of Ce-. Strong disagreement with the most recent theoretical atomic structure calculations highlights the complicated nature of this particular lanthanide. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Chem Phys Program, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Davis, VT (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, W Point, NY 10996 USA. OI Thompson, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9699-5767 NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 18 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 7 AR 073003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.073003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 524PB UT WOS:000174021100025 PM 11863893 ER PT J AU O'Malley, PG AF O'Malley, PG TI Treatment trials of unexplained symptom syndromes: Time for larger and longer trials to address the complexities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID FIBROMYALGIA; METAANALYSIS C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP O'Malley, PG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 112 IS 3 BP 237 EP 239 AR PII S0002-9343(01)01122-6 DI 10.1016/S0002-9343(01)01122-6 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 534TD UT WOS:000174602100013 PM 11893353 ER PT J AU Rahaman, SO Sharma, P Harbor, PC Aman, MJ Vogelbaum, MA Haque, SJ AF Rahaman, SO Sharma, P Harbor, PC Aman, MJ Vogelbaum, MA Haque, SJ TI IL-13R alpha 2, a decoy receptor for IL-13 acts as an inhibitor of IL-4-dependent signal transduction in glioblastoma cells SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INTERLEUKIN-13 RECEPTOR; ALPHA CHAIN; PSEUDOMONAS EXOTOXIN; MALIGNANT GLIOMAS; PROTEIN; ACTIVATION; CLONING; GENE; STAT; IDENTIFICATION AB Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 share the type II IL-4 receptor for cell signaling. We show that despite expressing the necessary signaling components, glioblastoma cells failed to respond to either IL-4 or IL-13. This was in part because of the expression of a high-affinity IL-13-binding transmembrane protein IL-13Ralpha2 that inhibited IL-13-mediated Stat6 activation by acting as a decoy receptor. In contrast, normal human astrocytes that did not express the IL-13Ralpha2 gene efficiently induced Stat6 activation in response to both IL-4 and IL-13. Transient expression of the IL-13Ralpha2 transgene in nonexpressing heterologous cells inhibited not only IL-13- but also IL-4-mediated signal transduction and Stat6-responsive gene expression. The inhibition was likely mediated through the physical interaction between the short intracellular domain of the IL-13Ralpha2 protein and the cytoplasmic domain of the IL-4Ralpha chain that harbors the Stat6 docking sites. Thus, IL-13Ralpha2 acts as an inhibitor of IL-4-dependent signal transduction pathways via a novel mechanism that is independent of ligand binding. C1 Cleveland Clin Fdn, Lerner Res Inst, Dept Canc Biol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Neurosurg, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Cell Biol & Biochem, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Haque, SJ (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Lerner Res Inst, Dept Canc Biol, NB-40,9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01-GM60533] NR 59 TC 90 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 62 IS 4 BP 1103 EP 1109 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 523RP UT WOS:000173969400028 PM 11861389 ER PT J AU Wang, J Richter, H Howard, JB Levendis, YA Carlson, J AF Wang, J Richter, H Howard, JB Levendis, YA Carlson, J TI Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon and particulate emissions from two-stage combustion of polystyrene: The effects of the secondary furnace (afterburner) temperature and soot filtration SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PULVERIZED COAL; PAH EMISSIONS; WASTE; INCINERATION; PARTICLES; FLAMES; POLY(ETHYLENE); POLY(STYRENE); PRODUCTS; POLYMERS AB Laboratory experiments were conducted in a two-stage horizontal muffle furnace in order to monitor emissions from batch combustion of polystyrene (PS) and identify conditions that minimize them. PS is a dominant component of municipal and hospital waste streams. Bench-scale combustion of small samples (0.5 g) of shredded styrofoam cups was conducted in air, using an electrically heated horizontal muffle furnace, kept at T-gas = 1000 degrees C. Upon devolatilization, combustion of the polymer took place in a diffusion flame over the sample. The gaseous combustion products were mixed with additional air in a venturi and were channeled to a secondary muffle furnace (afterburner) kept at T-gas = 900-1100 degrees C; residence time therein varied between 0.6 and 0.8 s. At the exits of the primary and the secondary furnace the emissions Of CO, CO2, O-2, NOx, particulates as well as volatile and semivolatile hydrocarbons, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), were monitored. Online analyzers, gravimetric techniques, and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used. Experiments were also conducted with a high-temperature barrier filter, placed just before the exit of the primary furnace to prevent the particulates from entering into the secondary furnace. Results demonstrated the beneficial effect of the afterburner in reducing PAH concentrations, including those of mutagenic species such as benzo[a]pyrene. Concentrations of individual PAH exhibited a pronounced afterburner temperature dependence, typically ranging from a small decrease at 900 degrees C to a larger degree of consumption at 1100 degrees C. Consumption of PAH was observed to be the dominant feature at 900 degrees C, while significant quantities of benzene and some of its derivatives, captured by means of carbosieve/Carbotrap adsorbents, were formed in the afterburner at a temperature of 1000 degrees C. In the primary furnace, about 30% of the mass of the initial polystyrene was converted into soot, while the total mass of PAH represented about 3% of the initial mass of combustible. The afterburner reduced the particulate (soot) emissions by only 20-30%, which indicates that once soot is formed its destruction is rather difficult because its oxidation kinetics are slow under typical furnace conditions. Moreover, increasing the afterburner temperature resulted in an increasing trend of soot emissions therefrom, which might indicate competition between soot oxidation and formation, with some additional formation occurring at the higher temperatures. Contrary to the limited effect of the afterburner, high-temperature filtration of the combustion effluent prior to the exit of the primary furnace allowed for effective soot oxidation inside of the ceramic filter. Filtration drastically reduced soot emissions, by more than 90%. Limited soot formation in the afterburner was again observed with increasing temperatures. The yields of both CO and CO2 were largely unaffected by the temperature of the afterburner but increased at the presence of the filter indicating oxidation therein. A previously developed kinetic model was used to identify major chemical reaction pathways involving PAH in the afterburner. The experimental data at the exit of the primary furnace was used as input to these model computations. A first evaluation of the predictive capability of the model was conducted for the case with ceramic filter and a temperature of 900 degrees C. The afterburner was approximated as a plug-flow reactor, and model predictions at a residence time of 0.8 s were compared to experimental data collected at its exit. In agreement with the experimental PAH concentration, only a minor impact of the afterburner treatment was observed for most species at 900 degrees C. OH was deduced to be the major reactant with a mole fraction about 4 orders of magnitudes higher than that of hydrogen radicals. Evidence for the need of further work on the quantitative assessment of oxidation of PAH and their radicals is given. C1 Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM yal@coe.neu.edu NR 61 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 BP 797 EP 808 DI 10.1021/es0109343 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 522WB UT WOS:000173919000040 PM 11878400 ER PT J AU Downer, CW Ogden, FL Martin, WD Harmon, RS AF Downer, CW Ogden, FL Martin, WD Harmon, RS TI Theory, development, and applicability of the surface water hydrologic model CASC2D SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Future of Distributed Modelling CY APR, 2000 CL KATHOLICKE UNIV, LEUVEN, BELGIUM SP Francqui Foundation, Katholieke Univ, UNESCO HO KATHOLICKE UNIV DE hydrology; modeling; CASC2D; runoff; distributed; erosion; rainfall ID OVERLAND-FLOW; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; CATCHMENT RESPONSE; AMPT INFILTRATION; RUNOFF MODELS; RAINFALL; SIMILARITY; SOILS; SENSITIVITY; RAINSTORMS AB Numerical tests indicate that Hortonian runoff mechanisms benefit from scaling effects that non-Hortonian runoff mechanisms do not share. This potentially makes Hortonian watersheds more amenable to physically based modelling provided that the physically based model employed properly accounts for rainfall distribution and initial soil moisture conditions, to which these types of model are highly sensitive. The distributed Hortonian runoff model CASC2D has been developed and tested for the US Army over the past decade. The purpose of the model is to provide the Army with superior predictions of runoff and stream-flow compared with the standard lumped parameter model HEC-1. The model is also to be used to help minimize negative effects on the landscape caused by US armed forces training activities. Development of the CASC2D model is complete and the model has been tested and applied at several locations. These applications indicate that the model can realistically reproduce hydrographs when properly applied. These applications also indicate that there may be many situations where the model is inadequate. Because of this, the Army is pursuing development of a new model, GSSHA, that will provide improved numerical stability and incorporate additional stream-flow-producing mechanisms and improved hydraulics. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USACE, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Lab, Mech & Environm Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Downer, CW (reprint author), USACE, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Modeling Syst Branch, Watershed Syst Grp, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 54 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2 BP 255 EP 275 DI 10.1002/hyp.338 PG 21 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 517HA UT WOS:000173604000006 ER PT J AU Roberts, CW Roberts, F Lyons, RE Kirisits, MJ Mui, EJ Finnerty, J Johnson, JJ Ferguson, DJP Coggins, JR Krell, T Coombs, GH Milhous, WK Kyle, DE Tzipori, S Barnwell, J Dame, JB Carlton, J McLeod, R AF Roberts, CW Roberts, F Lyons, RE Kirisits, MJ Mui, EJ Finnerty, J Johnson, JJ Ferguson, DJP Coggins, JR Krell, T Coombs, GH Milhous, WK Kyle, DE Tzipori, S Barnwell, J Dame, JB Carlton, J McLeod, R TI The shikimate pathway and its branches in apicomplexan parasites SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Insights on Infection and Immunity CY JAN 19, 2001 CL STANFORD UNIV MED CTR, FAIRCHILD AUDITORIUM, PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA HO STANFORD UNIV MED CTR, FAIRCHILD AUDITORIUM ID 3-DEOXY-D-ARABINO-HEPTULOSONATE 7-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; 5-ENOLPYRUVYLSHIKIMATE 3-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CHORISMATE SYNTHASE; HERBICIDE GLYPHOSATE; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; EUGLENA-GRACILIS; EPSP SYNTHASE AB The shikimate pathway is essential for production of a plethora of aromatic compounds in plants, bacteria, and fungi. Seven enzymes of the shikimate pathway catalyze sequential conversion of erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenol pyruvate to chorismate. Chorismate is then used as a substrate for other pathways that culminate in production of folates, ubiquinone, napthoquinones, and the aromatic amino acids tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine. The shikimate pathway is absent from animals and present in the apicomplexan parasites Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium falciparum, and Cryptosporidium parvum. Inhibition of the pathway by glyphosate is effective in controlling growth of these parasites. These findings emphasize the potential benefits of developing additional effective inhibitors of the shikimate pathway. Such inhibitors may function as broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that are effective against bacterial and fungal pathogens and apicomplexan parasites. C1 Univ Chicago, Ctr Visual Sci, Dept Ophthalmol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Strathclyde, Dept Immunol, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Victoria Infirm, Dept Pathol, Glasgow G42 9TY, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Glasgow, Inst Biomed & Life Sci, Div Biochem & Mol Biol, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Nuffield Dept Pathol, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. Univ Chicago, Dept Visual Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Comm Genet, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Comm Immunol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Michael Reese Hosp, Dept Med, Chicago, IL USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Vet Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA USA. Univ Florida, Sch Vet Med, Gainesville, FL USA. RP McLeod, R (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Ctr Visual Sci, Dept Ophthalmol, AMBH S206,5841 S Maryland, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Roberts, Craig/B-8016-2008; Lyons, Russell/A-7051-2011; Russell, Lyons/H-7942-2013 OI Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-0653-835X; Russell, Lyons/0000-0002-0795-7994 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-44328] NR 105 TC 79 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 185 SU 1 BP S25 EP S36 DI 10.1086/338004 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 517FP UT WOS:000173600700005 PM 11865437 ER PT J AU Young, SK Trevino, SF Tan, NCB AF Young, SK Trevino, SF Tan, NCB TI Small-angle neutron scattering investigation of structural changes in Nafion membranes induced by swelling with various solvents SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ionomers; Nafion; polymer membranes; small-angle neutron scattering; fluoropolymers ID PERFLUORINATED IONOMER MEMBRANES; X-RAY-SCATTERING; WIDE-ANGLE; SWOLLEN; WATER; BEHAVIOR AB The structure of Nafion-117 perfluorosulfonate ionomer membranes was investigated with small-angle neutron scattering techniques. Structural changes induced by the swelling of the membranes with water, alcohols, and dipolar, aprotic solvents were monitored at solvent-swelling levels ranging from approximately 2 vol % to greater than 50 vol %. Membranes swollen up to approximately 50 vol % solvent exhibited two scattering maxima, one known to be associated with ionic regions of the membrane structure and one known to be associated with correlation distances between crystalline regions in the membrane structure. The positions of both maxima shifted toward lower scattering vector values as the solvent content in the membrane increased. The shift in the position of both maxima was linearly related to the solvent volume fraction in the membrane. The Bragg spacings corresponding to both the ionic-feature scattering maximum and the crystalline-feature scattering maximum were plotted versus the solvent volume fraction in the membranes, and the data fit with linear regression. The slopes associated with the curves of the spacing versus the solvent volume fraction were greater for the crystalline-feature spacing than for the ionic-feature spacing for all solvents other than water; this was indicative of preferential segregation of nonaqueous solvents into regions of the structure not directly associated with the ionic scattering maximum. (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Inc. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Tan, NCB (reprint author), WL Gore & Associates, 501 Vieves Way, Elkton, MD 21922 USA. NR 22 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 4 BP 387 EP 400 DI 10.1002/polb.10092.abs PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 513CP UT WOS:000173360600009 ER PT J AU Glavin, BA Kochelap, VA Linnik, TL Kim, KW Stroscio, MA AF Glavin, BA Kochelap, VA Linnik, TL Kim, KW Stroscio, MA TI Generation of high-frequency coherent acoustic phonons in superlattices under hopping transport. II. Steady-state phonon population and electric current in generation regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MODELS AB For electrically biased superlattices exhibiting the effect of phonon instability (see paper I), we analyze the nonlinear problem of high-frequency acoustic phonon generation. We develop a theory treating self-consistently phonon generation and electron transport through the superlattice. We find that,the dominant mechanism associated with the steady-state generation regime is electron heating caused by the nonequilibrium phonons. It is shown that under the generation regime the spectral distribution of phonons is extremely narrow, and that the generated power density can be as high as 10(6) W/m(2) for terahertz phonons. The electric current is controlled by the nonequilibrium phonons, and is higher by an order of magnitude than that under subthreshold conditions. In addition, we conclude that for the real superlattice structures the threshold condition is likely to be reached for the miniband-edge phonons having zero group velocity and negligible radiation losses. C1 Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Semicond Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Glavin, BA (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Semicond Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 8 AR 085304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.085304 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 529MJ UT WOS:000174303000044 ER PT J AU Glavin, BA Kochelap, VA Linnik, TL Kim, KW Stroscio, MA AF Glavin, BA Kochelap, VA Linnik, TL Kim, KW Stroscio, MA TI Generation of high-frequency coherent acoustic phonons in superlattices under hopping transport. I. Linear theory of phonon instability SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CONDENSED MEDIA; ELECTRIC-FIELD; AMPLIFICATION; LOCALIZATION; HYPERSOUND; SCATTERING AB In this work we consider the theory of high-frequency phonon generation in a weakly coupled doped semiconductor superlattice. Electric bias, applied to such a superlattice, destroys the electron minibands, creates electron states localized in the individual quantum wells, and forms population inversion between these states. An electric current occurs due to the phonon-induced interwell hops. We show that under such conditions the electric current produces a phonon instability populations of phonon modes propagating almost collinearly with the superlattice, axis increase exponentially in time. It is demonstrated that the population growth increment can be as high as several times 10(8) s(-1), and considerably exceeds the internal phonon scattering rates. Also discussed are effects influencing the increment, such as a screening of the electron-phonon interaction and a modification of the phonon spectrum in superlattices. C1 Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Semicond Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Glavin, BA (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Semicond Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 8 AR 085303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.085303 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 529MJ UT WOS:000174303000043 ER PT J AU Leader, H Wolfe, AD Chiang, PK Gordon, RK AF Leader, H Wolfe, AD Chiang, PK Gordon, RK TI Pyridophens: Binary pyridostigmine-aprophen Prodrugs with differential inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and muscarinic receptors SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BOVINE SERUM ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; SOMAN; ANTIMUSCARINICS; PURIFICATION; RESIDUES; SEIZURES; SARIN AB A series of ''binary prodrugs'' called carbaphens,(1) carbamylated derivatives on one or both of the aromatic rings of the muscarinic receptor antagonist aprophen [(N,N-diethylaniino)ethyl 2,2-diphenylpropionatel, were synthesized to develop binary prophylactic agents against organophosphorus intoxication. As a group, the carbaphens retained the muscarinic receptor antagonist properties of aprophen but also preferentially inhibited butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in contrast to acetylholinesterase (AChE). Therefore, a new series of compounds named pyridophens were designed and synthesized to achieve binary prodrugs to preferentially inhibit AChE over BChE, while still retaining the muscarinic receptor antagonism of aprophen. The pyridophens consist of the basic pyridostigmine skeleton combined with the 2,2-diplienylpropionate portion of aprophen by replacement of the diethylamino group. Three compounds, 9 (a tertiary pyridine), 10 (a quaternary pyridine), and 12 (a tertiary tetrahydropyridine), were found to be effective inhibitors of both BChE and AChE. However, 10, N-methyl-3-[[(dimethylamino)carbonylloxyl-2-(2'2'-diphenylpropionoxy-methyl)pyridinium iodide, inhibited AChE selectively over BChE, with a bimolecular rate constant similar to pyridostigmine. In contrast to their potent cholinesterase inhibitory activity, all of the pyridophen analogues were less potent antagonists of the muscarinic receptor than aprophen. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gordon, RK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, 503 Robert Grant Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD FEB 14 PY 2002 VL 45 IS 4 BP 902 EP 910 DI 10.1021/jm010196t PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 523YN UT WOS:000173985300016 PM 11831902 ER PT J AU Arcidiacono, S Mello, CM Butler, M Welsh, E Soares, JW Allen, A Ziegler, D Laue, T Chase, S AF Arcidiacono, S Mello, CM Butler, M Welsh, E Soares, JW Allen, A Ziegler, D Laue, T Chase, S TI Aqueous processing and fiber spinning of recombinant spider silks SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DRAGLINE SILK; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION AB Spiders have captured the interest of scientists for many years because spider silks are among the toughest materials, having properties that surpass some man-made synthetic materials. Spinning recombinant silk to duplicate those properties has proved to be extremely difficult. This is the first known report of spinning recombinant silk fibers in an aqueous environment. The method seeks to keep the protein soluble throughout the process, not unlike the way the spider stores and spins silk. Recombinant silk proteins were produced by bacterial fermentation in which the cell pellets were lyophilized and lysed with organic acid. Silk protein was purified from the lysate by chromatography and processed in dilute denaturing buffer into a fiber spinning solution. Circular dichroism measurements of the silk solutions revealed an increase in beta-sheet content as a function of time. Time-dependent self-association of silk protein was monitored in solution by dynamic light scattering. Furthermore, the observed increase in beta-sheet content and self-association appear to be required for fiber formation. Recombinant silk fibers were 10-60 mum in diameter, water insoluble, and birefringent, indicating molecular orientation within the fiber. C1 USA, Soldier Biol Chem Command, Mat Sci Team, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Microbiotix Inc, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Arcidiacono, S (reprint author), USA, Soldier Biol Chem Command, Mat Sci Team, Natick Soldier Ctr, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 26 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD FEB 12 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1262 EP 1266 DI 10.1021/ma011471o PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 520UH UT WOS:000173799400019 ER PT J AU Erickson, JG Carrasco, H Grimes, JB Jabbari, B Cannard, KR AF Erickson, JG Carrasco, H Grimes, JB Jabbari, B Cannard, KR TI Palatal tremor and myorhythmia in Hashimoto's encephalopathy SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID DISORDER C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Cannard, KR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Ward 61 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 7 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD FEB 12 PY 2002 VL 58 IS 3 BP 504 EP 505 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 520FT UT WOS:000173770900043 PM 11839870 ER PT J AU Savay, S Szebeni, J Baranyi, L Alving, CR AF Savay, S Szebeni, J Baranyi, L Alving, CR TI Potentiation of liposome-induced complement activation by surface-bound albumin SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES LA English DT Article DE serum albumin; liposoma; complement; inflammation; phospholipid bilayer; polycarbonate membrane; natural antibody ID HUMAN SERUM-ALBUMIN; ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES; ENCAPSULATED HEMOGLOBIN; IN-VITRO; NANOPARTICLES; PHAGOCYTOSIS; PROTEINS; BIODISTRIBUTION; MACROPHAGES; MECHANISM AB Large anionic multilamellar liposomes containing 71% membrane cholesterol (MLV) caused complement (C) activation in human serum in vitro, as reflected in significant rises in S protein-bound terminal complex (SC5b-9) and C3a-desarg levels. Increasing the albumin content in serum by 1-4 g/100 ml led to 50-100% further increase in MLV-induced C activation, while higher amounts of exogenous human serum albumin (HSA) gradually lost the capability to potentiate liposomal C activation. HSA alone had no influence on SC5b-9 formation at any level below 12%. Complement activation by liposomes and the potentiating effect of supplemental HSA were greatly reduced or eliminated in the absence of C1q or in the presence of 10 mM EGTA/2.5 mM Mg2+ pointing to the involvement of the classical pathway. Potentiation of C activation by supplemental HSA was not unique to MLV-induced activation, as deposition of HSA on the membrane of 'Centricon' ultrafiltration units also potentiated the C-activating effect of the polycarbonate membrane. Fatty acid (FA) or non-monomeric protein contamination in HSA were unlikely to be playing a role in the described effects, as 96% pure, FA-rich (Buminate) and 99% pure, FA-free HSA had identical effects on liposomal C activation. While highlighting a new modulatory mechanism on liposomal C activation, the above data raise the possibility that deposition of extravasated HSA at sites of tissue injury may serve a hitherto unrecognized proinflammatory function. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Szebeni, J (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2736 J9 BBA-BIOMEMBRANES JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Biomembr. PD FEB 10 PY 2002 VL 1559 IS 1 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1016/S0005-2736(01)00408-4 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 521BN UT WOS:000173818900008 PM 11825590 ER PT J AU Russell, AJ Erbeldinger, M DeFrank, JJ Kaar, J Drevon, G AF Russell, AJ Erbeldinger, M DeFrank, JJ Kaar, J Drevon, G TI Catalytic buffers enable positive-response inhibition-based sensing of nerve agents SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE catalytic buffers; inhibition-based sensing; nerve agents ID MICROBIAL UREASES; PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE; PESTICIDES; BIOSENSOR; PARAOXON AB We report herein an efficient method to control pH in reactions catalyzed by hydrolytic enzymes, such as the degradation of paraoxon by phosphotriesterase (E.G. 3.1.8.1; OPH), using urease-catalyzed (E.G. 3.5.1.5) urea hydrolysis as a buffering agent. Given the distinct pH profiles of urease and OPH activities, urease produces base on demand in response to pH drop during paraoxon detoxification. As pH changes, the enzyme activities fluctuate to finally stabilize at a pH "set-point," where the rates of acid and base generation are equal. By varying the urease to OPH ratio, various pH "set-points" ranging between 6.5 and 8.5 were achieved within minutes and could be predicted theoretically. This dynamic approach for pH control was successfully applied to the development of a positive-response inhibition-based sensor. (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, McGowan Inst Regenerat Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Agentase LLC, Pittsburgh, PA USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Russell, AJ (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, McGowan Inst Regenerat Med, Suite 401 Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. OI Russell, Alan/0000-0001-5101-4371 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD FEB 5 PY 2002 VL 77 IS 3 BP 352 EP 357 DI 10.1002/bit.10152 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 513XY UT WOS:000173407200013 PM 11753944 ER PT J AU Majumdar, A Choi, KK Reno, JL Rokhinson, LP Tsui, DC AF Majumdar, A Choi, KK Reno, JL Rokhinson, LP Tsui, DC TI Two-color quantum-well infrared photodetector with voltage tunable peaks SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A two-color quantum-well infrared photodetector with voltage tunable detection peaks is demonstrated. It is based on electron transfer between two asymmetric coupled quantum wells under an applied bias. At 10 K, the peak detection wavelength is 7.5 mum for positive bias when the electrons reside in one of the wells, and switches to 8.8 mum at a large negative bias when the electrons are transferred to the other well. The electron activation behavior of dark current in this detector depends on both temperature and bias. We observed two distinctive activation energies under negative bias for two different temperature regimes and only one under positive bias. The voltage tunability of the detector and the activation energy are well explained by the calculated energy levels and oscillator strengths of intersubband transitions in the structure. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Majumdar, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 10 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 4 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 5 BP 707 EP 709 DI 10.1063/1.1447004 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 517NW UT WOS:000173617700001 ER PT J AU Mao, J Majumdar, A Choi, KK Tsui, DC Leung, KM Lin, CH Tamir, T Vawter, GA AF Mao, J Majumdar, A Choi, KK Tsui, DC Leung, KM Lin, CH Tamir, T Vawter, GA TI Light coupling mechanism of quantum grid infrared photodetectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTIMIZATION; PERFORMANCE AB Rigorous electromagnetic modeling based on a modal solution of the pertinent boundary-value problem was performed to study the light coupling mechanism in quantum grid infrared photodetectors with lamellar patterns. Our theory shows that vertical field component and absorption quantum efficiency eta can be strongly enhanced by judiciously adjusting the width w of individual grid lines. This enhancement is further increased if the top of the grid lines is covered by metal, which behave as a collection of dipole scatterers. We have experimentally verified the dipole scattering characteristics with different w, and found that the variation of eta agrees very well with the theory. We also found that, as expected, the conductivity of the metal strips affects eta significantly due to internal dissipation. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Majumdar, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 4 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 5 BP 868 EP 870 DI 10.1063/1.1445484 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 517NW UT WOS:000173617700055 ER PT J AU Nickodemus, GH Kramer, LS Pickens, JR Burkins, MS AF Nickodemus, GH Kramer, LS Pickens, JR Burkins, MS TI Aluminum alloy - Advances for ground vehicles SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article C1 Concurrent Technol Corp, Johnstown, PA 15904 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD USA. RP Nickodemus, GH (reprint author), Concurrent Technol Corp, 100 CTC Dr, Johnstown, PA 15904 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 160 IS 2 BP 51 EP 54 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 519EX UT WOS:000173712900009 ER PT J AU Vahey, MT Nau, ME Jagodzinski, LL Yalley-Ogunro, J Taubman, M Michael, NL Lewis, MG AF Vahey, MT Nau, ME Jagodzinski, LL Yalley-Ogunro, J Taubman, M Michael, NL Lewis, MG TI Impact of viral infection on the gene expression profiles of proliferating normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with HIV type 1 RF SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; REVEALS; MICROARRAYS; RESISTANCE; MODEL AB Exploiting the power of high-density gene arrays, the simultaneous expression analysis of 5600 cellular genes was executed on proliferating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from three normal human donors that were infected in vitro with the T cell tropic laboratory strain of HIV-1, RF. Profiles of expressed genes were assessed at 1, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hr postinfection and compared with those of matched uninfected PBMCs. Viral infection resulted in an overall increase in the number of genes expressed with peaks of expression at 1, 12, and 48 hr postinfection. Functional clustering of genes whose expression level in infected PBMCs varied by 2-fold or greater from levels in the controls indicated that cellular activation markers, proteins associated with immune cell function and with transcription and translation, exhibited increased expression subsequent to viral infection. Gene families exhibiting a decline in gene expression were confined to the 72 hr time point and included genes associated with catabolism and a subset of genes involved with cell signaling and synthetic pathways. Self-organizing map (SOM) cluster analysis identified temporal patterns of coordinated gene expression in infected PBMCs including genes associated with the immune response, the cytoskeleton, and ribosomal subunit structural proteins required for protein synthesis. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. So Res, Frederick, MD USA. RP Vahey, MT (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 15 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 179 EP 192 DI 10.1089/08892220252781239 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 519UZ UT WOS:000173745000002 PM 11839152 ER PT J AU Campbell, CG Snyder, N Zander, E AF Campbell, CG Snyder, N Zander, E TI Predicted vs. measured energy expenditure in critically ill, overweight, obese and very obese patients. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Sacred Heart Med Ctr, Spokane, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 75 IS 2 SU S MA P286 BP 428S EP 428S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 516FU UT WOS:000173542600284 ER PT J AU Kokame, GT McCauley, MB AF Kokame, GT McCauley, MB TI Spontaneous reopening of a spontaneously closed macular hole SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Biannual Meeting of the Western-Association-for-Vitreoretinal-Education CY JUL 03, 2001 CL MAUI, HAWAII SP Western Assoc Vitreoretinal Educ AB PURPOSE: To report a case of spontaneous reopening after spontaneous closure of a full-thickness macular hole. METHODS: Observational case report. Retrospective clinical practice case review. RESULTS: A 57-year-old man with a full,thickness macular hole in his left eye developed spontaneous closure for 1.5 years with improved vision, followed by spontaneous reopening of the hole with loss of vision. Surgical repair resulted in repeat closure and recovery of 20/20 visual acuity. CONCLUSION: Spontaneous reopening, which occasionally occurs after surgical closure of macular holes, can also occur after spontaneous closure of a macular hole. (Am J Ophthalmol 2002;133:280-282. (C) 2002 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved). C1 Kapiolani Hlth, Retina Ctr Pali Momi, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Univ Hawaii, Div Ophthalmol, Dept Surg, Sch Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Kokame, GT (reprint author), Kapiolani Hlth, Retina Ctr Pali Momi, 98-1079 Moanalua Rd,Suite 470, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9394 J9 AM J OPHTHALMOL JI Am. J. Ophthalmol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 133 IS 2 BP 280 EP 282 DI 10.1016/S0002-9394(01)01306-X PG 3 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 518LM UT WOS:000173669900023 PM 11812442 ER PT J AU Bui-Mansfield, LT Kim-Ahn, G O'Bryant, LK AF Bui-Mansfield, LT Kim-Ahn, G O'Bryant, LK TI Multicystic mesothelioma of the peritoneum SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Keller Army Community Hosp, Dept Radiol, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Div Radiol Sci, Dept Radiol, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Bui-Mansfield, LT (reprint author), Keller Army Community Hosp, Dept Radiol, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 178 IS 2 BP 402 EP 402 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 515GF UT WOS:000173486500024 PM 11804903 ER PT J AU Bui-Mansfield, LT Chew, FS Lenchik, L Kline, MJ Boles, CA AF Bui-Mansfield, LT Chew, FS Lenchik, L Kline, MJ Boles, CA TI Nontraumatic avulsions of the pelvis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRACTURES AB OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this report is to describe the imaging findings of nontraumatic avulsions of the pelvis. CONCLUSION. A diagnosis of avulsion fracture of the pelvis in an adult without appropriate history of substantial trauma must raise the suspicion of an underlying malignancy. If a patient has not been diagnosed as having a primary neoplasm, additional imaging evaluation is recommended. Also, biopsy may be considered in the proper clinical setting. C1 Keller Army Community Hosp, Dept Radiol, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Radiol, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Sect Musculoskeletal Radiol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. RP Bui-Mansfield, LT (reprint author), Keller Army Community Hosp, Dept Radiol, W Point, NY 10996 USA. OI Chew, Felix/0000-0003-2711-2013 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 178 IS 2 BP 423 EP 427 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 515GF UT WOS:000173486500029 PM 11804908 ER PT J AU Kanesa-Thasan, N Putnak, JR Mangiafico, JA Saluzzo, JF Ludwig, GV AF Kanesa-Thasan, N Putnak, JR Mangiafico, JA Saluzzo, JF Ludwig, GV TI Short report: Absence of protective neutralizng antibodies to West Nile virus in subjects following vaccination with Japanese encephalitis or dengue vaccines SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB Protection of individuals against West Nile (WN) encephalitis is an emerging concern in the United States and Europe. We investigated whether immunization with licensed inactivated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine or experimental live attenuated dengue vaccines resulted in induction of cross-neutralizing antibodies against WN virus. Protective neutralizing antibody titers to WN virus were not detected in any volunteer despite successful immunization to related flaviviruses. Vaccination against JE or dengue is unlikely to prevent WN virus infection but may still protect against disease. C1 USA, Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Aventis Pasteur, Marcy Letoile, France. RP Kanesa-Thasan, N (reprint author), USA, Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter Ave, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 12 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 115 EP 116 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 571KY UT WOS:000176717600002 PM 12135278 ER PT J AU Soto, JM Toledo, JT Gutierrez, P Arboleda, M Nicholls, RS Padilla, JR Berman, JD English, CK Grogl, M AF Soto, JM Toledo, JT Gutierrez, P Arboleda, M Nicholls, RS Padilla, JR Berman, JD English, CK Grogl, M TI Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with a topical antileishmanial drug (WR279396): Phase 2 pilot study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED TRIAL; BRAZILIENSIS; INFECTION AB We studied the efficacy of WR279396, a topical formulation of aminoglycosides that cures 100% of cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions in mice. We conducted what is to our knowledge the first controlled study of WR279396 therapy for clinical cutaneous leishmaniasis. A total of 45 Colombian soldiers, all men, were randomly assigned to treatment with WR279396 (33 patients) or placebo (12 patients). Each lesion was treated twice daily for 20 days. Lesions were measured at the end of therapy and at 45, 90, and 180 days after treatment began. A total of 17 (61%) of 28 assessable WR279396-treated patients were cured, and 5 (55%) of 9 assessable placebo-treated patients were cured (P = 0.9). For the 36 lesions treated with WR279396 that were cured, cure took a mean of 35 days, whereas for the 6 lesions that were cured in the group of patients receiving placebo, cure time took a mean of 56 days (P = 0.04). WR279396 is a nontoxic topical formulation that significantly accelerated cure time in patients with Leishmania panamensis cutaneous leishmaniasis. C1 CIBIC, Consorcio Invest Bioclin, Bogota, Colombia. Direcc Sanidad Ejercito, Bogota, Colombia. Inst Colombiano Med Trop, Apartado, Colombia. Inst Nacl Salud, Bogota, Colombia. Minist Salud, Bogota, Colombia. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USA, Med Mat Dev Agcy, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Soto, JM (reprint author), CIBIC, Consorcio Invest Bioclin, Bogota, Colombia. NR 13 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 147 EP 151 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 571KY UT WOS:000176717600009 PM 12135285 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Hypolite, IO Hshieh, P Cruess, D Taylor, AJ Agodoa, LY AF Abbott, KC Hypolite, IO Hshieh, P Cruess, D Taylor, AJ Agodoa, LY TI Hospitalized congestive heart failure after renal transplantation in the United States SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE congestive heart failure; hospitalization; renal transplant; African American; black; male; diabetes mellitus; complications; duration of dialysis; rejection; delayed graft function; USRDS ID RISK-FACTORS; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; MORTALITY; DISEASE; HYPERTENSION; RACE; ASSOCIATION; SURVIVAL; DIALYSIS AB PURPOSE: African Americans have increased risk for congestive heart failure (CHF) compared to Caucasians in the general population, but the risk of CHF in African American renal transplant recipients has not been studied in a national renal transplant population. METHODS: Therefore, 33,479 renal transplant recipients in the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) from I July, 1994 to 30 June, 1997 were analyzed in an historical cohort study of the incidence, associated factors, and mortality of hospitalizations with a primary discharge diagnosis of CHF [international Classification of Diseases-9 (ICD9) Code 428.x]. RESULTS: African American renal transplant recipients had increased age-adjusted risk of hospitalizations for congestive heart failure compared to African Americans in the general population [rate ratio 4.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.59-4.62]. In logistic regression analysis, African American recipients had increased risk of congestive heart failure after renal transplantation, independent of other factors. Among other significant factors associated with congestive heart failure, the strongest were graft loss and allograft rejection. No maintenance immunosuppressive medications were associated with CHF. In Cox regression analysis patients hospitalized for CHF had increased all-cause mortality compared with all other recipients (hazard ratio 3.69, 95% Cl, 2.23-6.10), but African American recipients with CHF were not at significantly increased risk of mortality compared to Caucasian recipients with CHF. CONCLUSIONS: African Americans recipients were at high risk for CHF after transplant independent of other factors. The reasons for this increased risk should be the subject of further study. All potential transplant recipients should receive particular attention for the diagnosis and prevention of CHF in the transplant evaluation process, which includes preservation of allograft function. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NIDDK, Off Minor Hlth Res Coordinat, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 BP 115 EP 122 AR PII S1047-2797(01)00272-1 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(01)00272-1 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 527TT UT WOS:000174204200008 PM 11880219 ER PT J AU Williamson, JC Craft, DW Butts, JD Raasch, RH AF Williamson, JC Craft, DW Butts, JD Raasch, RH TI In vitro assessment of urinary isolates of ampicillin-resistant enterococci SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE ampicillin; enterococcus; resistance ID PENICILLIN; INFECTION; FAECIUM; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CIPROFLOXACIN; COLONIZATION; MOXALACTAM; THERAPY AB OBJECTIVE: Susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) studies of ampicillin-resistant enterococci (ARE) were performed with vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and trovafloxacin. Ampicillin MICs were determined to make comparisons with achievable urinary concentrations of ampicillin. DESIGN: From July 1998 to April 1999, all enterococci isolated from urinary specimens were tested for susceptibility to ampicillin by disk diffusion. For all ARE, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and trovafloxacin susceptibilities were determined by use of either disk diffusion or the E-test. Ampicillin MICs were determined for these isolates by liquid agar microdilution testing. ARE were identified to the species level on the basis of biochemical reactions. SETTING: The study was performed at a university-affiliated tertiary care hospital. OUTCOME MEASURES: In vitro susceptibility studies and MIC determinations were performed in accordance with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. RESULTS: A total of 310 urine samples were culture positive for enterococcus. Thirty (9.7%) unduplicated isolates were resistant to ampicillin. Of these, nine ARE isolates (30%) were also vancomycin resistant, whereas only 2 ampicillin-susceptible isolates were vancomycin resistant (p < 0.05). All ARE were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and 29 (96.7%) were resistant to trovafloxacin. Nine (30%), 18 (60%), and 3 (10%) isolates had an ampicillin MIC of 128, 256, and 512 mug/mL, respectively. Ampicillin MICs did not differ significantly between vancomycin-susceptible and -resistant isolates (p = 0.963). Twenty-seven isolates (90%) were identified as Enterococcus faecium; the other 3 were either Enterococcus avium or Enterococcus raffinosus. CONCLUSIONS: Ampicillin resistance is associated with resistance to vancomycin. Most ARE are resistant to fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin and trovafloxacin. Ampicillin MICs for ARE found in these urinary specimens were all within 1 dilution of 256 mug/mL, a concentration achievable in the urine with higher doses of oral amoxicillin or intravenous ampicillin. Additional studies are needed to assess the clinical implications of these data. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Baptist Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Labs, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Infect Dis, Lexington, KY USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Off Curricular Affairs, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Williamson, JC (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Baptist Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO PI CINCINNATI PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 USA SN 1060-0280 J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER JI Ann. Pharmacother. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 36 IS 2 BP 246 EP 250 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 519LK UT WOS:000173727600010 PM 11847942 ER PT J AU Cohen, DJ Griffin, LV AF Cohen, DJ Griffin, LV TI A biomechanical comparison of three sternotomy closure techniques SO ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID STERNAL WOUND COMPLICATIONS; MEDIAN STERNOTOMY; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION AB Background. A biomechanical study of three sternotomy closure techniques (figure-of-eight stainless-steel wires, Pectofix Dynamic Sternal Fixation [DSF] stainless-steel plates, and figure-of-eight stainless-steel cables) was conducted to compare strength and stiffness variables in three clinically relevant loading modes (anterior-posterior shear, longitudinal shear, and lateral distraction). Methods. All tests were conducted on polyurethane foam sternal models that simulate the properties of cancellous bone. Each model was divided longitudinally and reconstructed using one of the sternotomy closure repair techniques. Tests were performed using a materials testing system that applies a continuously increasing amount of force in one direction to the model until it catastrophically breaks. A total of six trials of each fixation type in each of three test groups were prepared and tested, for a total of 54 tests. Strength and stiffness variables as well as a post-yield analysis of failure were evaluated. Results. Sternums repaired using the DSF plate system are a more rigid construct than sternums repaired using the stainless-steel wires or cables in the distraction and transverse shear modes and they are; not significantly different from sternums repaired with wires or cables in the longitudinal shear mode. The DSF plate system offers a 25% improvement in resistance to failure (yield) compared to wires when a transverse shear force is applied to the model. The cable system had a higher resistance to failure than the wires in all modes although the differences were not statistically significant. Additionally, the DSF plate system provides substantial reduction of the implant's cutting into the sternal model under loading as evidenced by the post-yield displacement when compared with either cables or wires for the distraction and longitudinal shear modes. For the transverse shear mode, the cables or wires would completely fail at the load for which cutting begins for the DSF. Conclusions. Both the DSF plate system and the stainless-steel cable system off er important advantages over figure-of-eight wire for sternal closure. (C) 2002 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. C1 USA, Cardiothorac Surg Serv, MCHE SDC, Brooke Army Med Ctr,Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Mat Engn, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Cohen, DJ (reprint author), USA, Cardiothorac Surg Serv, MCHE SDC, Brooke Army Med Ctr,Inst Surg Res, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr,Bldg 3600, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 22 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-4975 J9 ANN THORAC SURG JI Ann. Thorac. Surg. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 563 EP 568 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA 517RW UT WOS:000173624500045 PM 11845875 ER PT J AU Herrin, DM Reineck, C AF Herrin, DM Reineck, C TI A compendium of innovative nursing leadership projects: The American Organization of Nurse Executives' 2001 poster presentations SO APPLIED NURSING RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Baptist Hlth Syst, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. USA, Med Command, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Herrin, DM (reprint author), Baptist Hlth Syst, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0897-1897 J9 APPL NURS RES JI Appl. Nurs. Res. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 BP 54 EP 57 DI 10.1053/apnr.2002.31125 PG 4 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 520UQ UT WOS:000173800100012 PM 11840412 ER PT J AU Sherman, PM Penrod, BJ Lane, MJ Ward, JA AF Sherman, PM Penrod, BJ Lane, MJ Ward, JA TI Comparison of knee magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients referred by orthopaedic surgeons versus nonorthopaedic practitioners SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article DE MRI; knee injuries; acute; knee; ligaments, Menisci; cartilage; MRI referral patterns; overutilization ID PHYSICAL-EXAMINATION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; ACCURACY; INJURIES; ARTHROSCOPY; DISORDERS; DIAGNOSIS; HISTORY; TEARS AB Purpose: To compare the percentages of normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination results and clinically significant knee abnormalities in patients referred for MRI of the knee by orthopaedic surgery residents and staff with those of patients referred by nonorthopaedic practitioners. Type of Study: Retrospective review of MRI findings. Methods: MRI reports of 754 patients (454 men and 300 women) were retrospectively reviewed; 373 patients were referred from the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and 381 patients were referred from nonorthopaedic practitioners. The number of normal examination results, meniscal and ligament tears, chondral abnormalities, and Baker's cysts was tabulated and analyzed using a X-square injury analysis. Results: The rate of normal results for nonorthopaedic practitioners was 33.9% (129 of 381) compared with 15.3% (57 of 373) for orthopaedic surgeons (P < .001). Nonorthopaedic surgeons referred 69.4% (129 of 186) of the patients who had normal examination results. The positive finding for a lateral meniscus tear was 29.2% (109 of 373) for orthopaedic surgeons compared with 19.1% (73 of 381) for nonorthopaedic practitioners, which was statistically significant (P = .002) in regard to the distribution of injuries. No difference was found in other abnormalities assessed. Conclusions: Patients referred by nonorthopaedic practitioners had significantly more normal knee MRI examination results than did those referred by orthopaedic surgeons. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Sherman, PM (reprint author), 2019 Flint Oak, San Antonio, TX 78248 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD FEB PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 201 EP 205 DI 10.1053/jars.2002.26814 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 537WC UT WOS:000174781800013 PM 11830816 ER PT J AU Pakhomov, AG Gajsek, P Allen, L Stuck, BE Murphy, MR AF Pakhomov, AG Gajsek, P Allen, L Stuck, BE Murphy, MR TI Comparison of dose dependences for bioeffects of continuous-wave and high-peak power microwave emissions using gel-suspended cell cultures SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE high power microwave pulses; specific effects; yeast; growth rate; nonthermal; thermal effects ID FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; EXPOSURE; EFFLUX; CW AB The study compared bioeffects of continuous wave (CW) microwaves and short, extremely high power pulses (EHPP) at the same carrier frequency (9.3 GHz) and average power (1.25 W). The peak transmitted power for EHPP was 250 kW (0.5-mus pulse width, 10 p.p.s.), producing the E field of 1.57 MV/m in the waveguide. A biological endpoint was the density of yeast cells, achieved after a 6 h growth period in a solid nutrient medium (agarose gel) during EHPP or CW exposure. Owing to power losses in the medium, the specific absorption rate (SAR) ranged from 3.2 kW/kg at the exposed surface of the sample to 0.6 mW/kg at 24 mm depth. Absorption and penetration of EHPP was identical to CW, producing peak SAR values 200 000 times higher than the average SAR, as high as 650 MW/kg at the surface. CW and EHPP exposures produced highly nonuniform but identical heating patterns in exposed samples. Following the exposure, the samples were sliced in a plane perpendicular to the wave propagation, in order to separate cell masses exposed at different SAR levels. Cell density in the slices was determined by nephelometry and compared to unexposed parallel control samples. Cell density was strongly affected by irradiation, and the changes correlated well with the local temperature rise. However, the data revealed no statistically significant difference between CW and EHPP samples across the entire studied range of SAR levels (over six orders of magnitude). A trend (P < 0.1) for such a difference was observed in slices that were exposed at a time average SAR of 100 W/kg and higher, which corresponded to peak SAR above 20 MW/kg for the EHPP condition. These numbers could be indicative of a threshold for a specific (not merely thermal) exposure effect if the trend is confirmed by future studies. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 McKesson BioServ, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, San Antonio, TX USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effect Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, San Antonio, TX USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ljubljana, Slovenia. RP Pakhomov, AG (reprint author), McKesson BioServ, 8308 Hawks Rd,Bldg 1168, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM andrei.pakhomov@brooks.af.mil NR 30 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD FEB PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 BP 158 EP 167 DI 10.1002/bem.108 PG 10 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 519AH UT WOS:000173700900008 PM 11835262 ER PT J AU Capacio, BR Caro, ST Smith, JR Byers, CE AF Capacio, BR Caro, ST Smith, JR Byers, CE TI The determination of biperiden in plasma using gas chromatography mass spectrometry: pharmacokinetics after intramuscular administration to guinea pigs SO BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOMAN-INDUCED SEIZURES; ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS; SCOPOLAMINE; DIAZEPAM; RATS; EFFICACY; RABBITS AB A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method has been developed for the analysis of the biperiden from plasma. The method utilizes 290 mul of plasma and a simple hexane extraction/clean-up procedure. Standard curves were linear over the range of 1.9-250 ng/mL. The range of correlation coefficients for the individual standard curves was 0.9984-0.9999; the largest coefficient of variation expressed as a percentage (%CV) was 11.5%. Precision and accuracy were examined by assessing between-day and within-day variability. For between-day precision, the %CVs ranged from 2.86 to 5.17%. Accuracy as expressed by percentage error ranging from -2.16 to 5.83%. The study for within-day precision demonstrated %CVs from 0.95 to 5.55% with accuracy from -3.37 to 2.45%. Applicability of the method was demonstrated by examining the pharmacokinetics of intramuscular (i.m.) biperiden as an anticonvulsant treatment in a guinea pig model for organophosphate (OP)-induced seizure activity. Mean pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were similar to literature values; selected mean pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were: apparent volume of distribution, 13.9 L/kg; half-life of elimination, 93 min; time to maximal plasma concentration, 27.4 min; and maximal plasma concentration, 32.22,etag/mL. The time to maximal plasma concentration was found to be similar to the onset time for terminating OP-induced seizure activity in guinea pigs receiving biperiden as an anticonvulsant treatment. The studies indicate that the method affords the required precision, accuracy and sensitivity to assay biperiden at the doses utilized for these pharmacokinetic studies after i.m. administration to guinea pigs. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR UV PA Dr B R Capacio, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Capacio, BR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR UV PA Dr B R Capacio, Div Pharmacol, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0269-3879 J9 BIOMED CHROMATOGR JI Biomed. Chromatogr. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.1002/bmc.113.abs PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 517GF UT WOS:000173602200008 PM 11816011 ER PT J AU Burton, DT Turley, SD Shedd, TR Burrows, EP AF Burton, DT Turley, SD Shedd, TR Burrows, EP TI Toxicity of diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP) to aquatic organisms SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, Queenstown, MD 21658 USA. USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Burton, DT (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, POB 169, Queenstown, MD 21658 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 68 IS 2 BP 282 EP 289 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 514WV UT WOS:000173464800019 PM 11815800 ER PT J AU Uttal, T Curry, JA McPhee, MG Perovich, DK Moritz, RE Maslanik, JA Guest, PS Stern, HL Moore, JA Turenne, R Heiberg, A Serreze, MC Wylie, DP Persson, OG Paulson, CA Halle, C Morison, JH Wheeler, PA Makshtas, A Welch, H Shupe, MD Intrieri, JM Stamnes, K Lindsey, RW Pinkel, R Pegau, WS Stanton, TP Grenfeld, TC AF Uttal, T Curry, JA McPhee, MG Perovich, DK Moritz, RE Maslanik, JA Guest, PS Stern, HL Moore, JA Turenne, R Heiberg, A Serreze, MC Wylie, DP Persson, OG Paulson, CA Halle, C Morison, JH Wheeler, PA Makshtas, A Welch, H Shupe, MD Intrieri, JM Stamnes, K Lindsey, RW Pinkel, R Pegau, WS Stanton, TP Grenfeld, TC TI Surface heat budget of the Arctic Ocean SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MIXED-LAYER; ICE; CLOUD; SEA; VARIABILITY; RADIATION; DATASET; ISCCP AB A summary is presented of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) project, with a focus on the field experiment that was conducted from October 1997 to October 1998. The primary objective of the field work was to collect ocean, ice, and atmospheric datasets over a full annual cycle that could be used to understand the processes controlling surface heat exchanges-in particular, the ice-albedo feedback and cloud-radiation feedback. This information is being used to improve formulations of arctic ice-ocean-atmosphere processes in climate models and thereby improve simulations of present and future arctic climate. The experiment was deployed from an ice breaker that was frozen into the ice pack and allowed to drift for the duration of the experiment. This research platform allowed the use of an extensive suite of instruments that directly measured ocean, atmosphere, and ice properties from both the ship and the ice pack in the immediate vicinity of the ship. This summary describes the project goals, experimental design, instrumentation, and the resulting datasets. Examples of various data products available from the SHEBA project are presented. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. McPhee Res Co, Naches, WA USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. Canadian Coast Guard, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA. Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. Stevens Inst Technol, Maplewood, NJ USA. RP NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, R E ET6,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM taneil.uttal@noaa.gov RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Intrieri, Janet/D-5608-2015 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; NR 40 TC 264 Z9 272 U1 5 U2 32 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 83 IS 2 BP 255 EP 275 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2002)083<0255:SHBOTA>2.3.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 526TT UT WOS:000174146300019 ER PT J AU Nambiar, MP Fisher, CU Enyedy, EJ Warke, VG Kumar, A Tsokos, GC AF Nambiar, MP Fisher, CU Enyedy, EJ Warke, VG Kumar, A Tsokos, GC TI Oxidative stress is involved in the heat stress-induced downregulation of TCR zeta chain expression and TCR/CD3-mediated [Ca2+](i) response in human T-lymphocytes SO CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE signal transduction; T lymphocytes; T cell receptors ID SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASES; SHOCK PROTEINS; CELLS; PHOSPHORYLATION; APOPTOSIS; HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN-70; CYTOSKELETON; HYPERTHERMIA; SUPPRESSES AB Exposure of human T-lymphocytes to heat downregulates TCR zeta chain expression and inhibits (TCR)/CD3-mediated production of inositol tripliosphate and [Ca2+](i) signaling, Here we investigated whether oxidative stress is involved in the heat-induced downregulation of TCR/CD3-mediated signaling. To this end, we have studied the effect of a thiol antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), and a non-thiol antioxidant, allopurinol, on heat-induced downregulation of TCR/CD3-mediated signaling. We found that preincubation of cells with 10 mM NAC significantly reversed the downregulation of TCR/CD3-mediated [Ca2+](i) response and restored the suppression of TCR zeta chain protein expression as well as prevented its increased membrane distribution in heat-treated cells. NAC also reversed the downregulation of TCR zeta chain rnRNA expression and the active 94 kDa TCR zeta chain transcription factor, Elf-1, in heat-treated cells. Consistent with the increase in the TCR zeta chain, preincubation with NAC increased the levels of antigen receptor-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of several cytosolic proteins. Finally, treatment with NAC was able to reverse the suppression of IL-2 production in heat-treated cells. Inactive analog, N-acetylserine, failed to reverse the heat-induced downregulation of TCR/CD3-mediated signaling. Allopurinol, another potent non-thiol antioxidant, also restored the TCR/CD3-mediated [Ca2+](i) response in heat-treated cells. These results demonstrate that antioxidants restore the expression of TCR zeta chain and reverse the TCR/CD3-mediated signaling abnormalities associated with heat stress and suggest that heat shock-induced oxidative stress is a mediator of the heat-induced biochemical damage that leads to downregulation of signaling in human T-lymphocytes. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Bldg 503,Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI42269] NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0008-8749 J9 CELL IMMUNOL JI Cell. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 215 IS 2 BP 151 EP 161 AR PII S0008-8749(02)00006-0 DI 10.1016/S0008-8749(02)00006-0 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA 595RV UT WOS:000178123300005 PM 12202152 ER PT J AU Banks, HD Dondoni, A Kleban, M Marra, A AF Banks, HD Dondoni, A Kleban, M Marra, A TI Computational and experimental studies of Di- and tetrasubstituted calix[4]arenes SO CHIRALITY LA English DT Article DE calixsugars; conformational analysis; molecular mechanics; supramolecular chemistry; H-1 NMR ID CONFORMATION; COMPLEXES; LECTURE AB Calixarenes are molecular bowls or baskets that have been demonstrated to serve as hosts for cations, anions, and neutral molecules. The central cavity and scaffolding of various functionalities on the upper and lower rims establishes this class of compounds as extremely important in supramolecular chemistry studies. In earlier studies, calixsugars (molecules that have sugar molecules appended to the upper rim of the calix) were prepared. Among the potential advantages of these molecules are increased water solubility and enhanced possibilities that these chiral attachments can promote enantiomeric selection. Computational studies, however, have indicated that the chosen calixsugars had significantly encumbered upper rims, suggesting that host-guest associations would be limited. In an attempt to understand those factors responsible for the favored conformations of calixsugars, a number of 5,17-disubstituted and tetrasubstituted calix[4]arenes were prepared and studied experimentally as well as by molecular mechanics conformational searching techniques. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 USA, SBCCOM, CDR, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Chim, Chim Organ Lab, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. RP Banks, HD (reprint author), USA, SBCCOM, CDR, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, AMSSB-RRT-TC Bldg E 3330,5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM hdbanks@apgea.army.mil NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0899-0042 J9 CHIRALITY JI Chirality PD FEB-MAR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 2-3 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1002/chir.10059 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Organic; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 517WB UT WOS:000173632500012 PM 11835562 ER PT J AU Allen, CS Sponsel, WE Trigo, Y Dirks, MS Flynn, WJ AF Allen, CS Sponsel, WE Trigo, Y Dirks, MS Flynn, WJ TI Comparison of the Frequency Doubling Technology screening algorithm and the Humphrey 24-2 SITA-FAST in a large eye screening SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE frequency doubling perimetry; glaucoma; Humphrey Field Analyser; screening ID VISUAL-FIELD LOSS; GLAUCOMA; PERIMETRY AB Purpose: To compare the Frequency Doubling Technology (FDT) C20-1 screening algorithm and the Humphrey Field Analyser II (HFA) 24-2 SITA-FAST in a large eye screening. Methods: In a non-randomized, prospective, free eye screening, the FDT Screening Protocol (C20-1 Screening Algorithm) was administered to 574 attendees (422 men and 152. women, average age 64, range 17-89 years) of the 1998 Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) Convention in San Antonio, Texas. Individuals who failed the FDT (two or more misses out of [7 locations) immediately underwent white-on-white threshold visual field perimetry (HFA 24-2, SITA-FAST). Humphrey visual field analysis included STATPAC and masked evaluations by three glaucoma specialists. Results: Approximately one-tenth of the VFW conference attendees voluntarily presented themselves for screening. Among these 574 volunteers, 69 (12%) failed the FDT and underwent HFA analysis. Eighty-one per cent (56/69) of these FDT failures had abnormal HFA Glaucoma Hemifield Tests, Eighty-eight per cent (61/69) were judged to have nerve fibre type visual field loss on HFA by at least two of three masked examiners, A positive correlation existed between the number of FDT locations missed and the HFA mean deviation (r = 0.5, P = 0.0001). A similar association was observed when FDT and HFA results were analysed by quadrant (r = 0.5, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: There was a low false positive rate and a good positive predictive value comparing the FDT screening algorithm to the HFA 24-2 SITA-FAST in this study. This supports the potential use of FDT as an economical screening device. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium O, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Sponsel, WE (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr,MC 6230, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 1442-6404 J9 CLIN EXP OPHTHALMOL JI Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 8 EP 14 DI 10.1046/j.1442-9071.2002.00478.x PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 551FW UT WOS:000175550100003 PM 11885802 ER PT J AU LaFiandra, M Holt, KG Wagenaar, RC Obusek, JP AF LaFiandra, M Holt, KG Wagenaar, RC Obusek, JP TI Transverse plane kinetics during treadmill walking with and without a load SO CLINICAL BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE load carriages; kinetics; transverse plane ID CARRIAGE; PATTERNS; GAIT AB Objective. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of wearing a backpack oil transverse plane upper and loader bode torque. Back.-round. During unloaded walking the upper and lower body counter-rotate to reduce the net angular momentum of the body. There is less counter-rotation while carrying a load, suggesting a more rigid link between the Upper and lower body. We predicted that load carriage should result in an increase ill Upper body torque. Because the upper and lower body may be more rigidly linked during load carriage, we also predicted an increase in lower body torque. and without a backpack containing 40% of their body torque. Methods. Twelve subjects (5 male. 7 female, mean age = 26) walked with mass on a treadmill at speeds from 0.6 to 1.6 in s(-1). Kinematic data were sampled for 30 s at each speed. upper and lower body torque were calculated from angular acceleration and moment of inertia. Results. Higher levels Of upper and lower body torque were observed during load carriage than during unloaded walking. However, the increase in upper body torque as 225%. While upper body moment of inertia increased by 400%. Conclusions. The differences in torque between loaded and unloaded walking Suggest that a goal of loaded walking is to minimize upper body torque. which may reduce the likelihood of injury. C1 Boston Univ, Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP LaFiandra, M (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 16 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-0033 J9 CLIN BIOMECH JI Clin. Biomech. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 17 IS 2 BP 116 EP 122 AR PII S0268-0033(01)00113-9 DI 10.1016/S0268-0033(01)00113-9 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Engineering; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 527PD UT WOS:000174193700005 PM 11832261 ER PT J AU Riel, MA Kyle, DE Bhattacharjee, AK Milhous, WK AF Riel, MA Kyle, DE Bhattacharjee, AK Milhous, WK TI Efficacy of proton pump inhibitor drugs against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and their probable pharmacophore. SO CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0009-9236 J9 CLIN PHARMACOL THER JI Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 71 IS 2 BP P76 EP P76 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 527GP UT WOS:000174178600275 ER PT J AU Macedonia, M AF Macedonia, M TI Linux in Hollywood: A star is born SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article C1 USA, Simulat Training & Instrumentat Command, Orlando, FL USA. RP Macedonia, M (reprint author), USA, Simulat Training & Instrumentat Command, Orlando, FL USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD FEB PY 2002 VL 35 IS 2 BP 112 EP 114 DI 10.1109/2.982926 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 518HR UT WOS:000173662300028 ER PT J AU Psotka, J AF Psotka, J TI Human/technology interactions in complex systems, vol 9 SO CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY-APA REVIEW OF BOOKS LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Inst Res, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. RP Psotka, J (reprint author), USA, Inst Res, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0010-7549 J9 CONTEMP PSYCHOL JI Comtemp. Psychol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 47 IS 1 BP 42 EP 43 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 517PK UT WOS:000173619000017 ER PT J AU Elston, CDM AF Elston, CDM TI What's eating you? Loxosceles reclusa (brown recluse spider) SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID DERMONECROTIC ARACHNIDISM; ENVENOMATION; VENOM; BITE; ACTIVATION; FAMILY C1 USA, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, MCHE,DD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Elston, CDM (reprint author), USA, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, MCHE,DD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD FEB PY 2002 VL 69 IS 2 BP 91 EP + PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 524DF UT WOS:000173996200003 ER PT J AU Harris-Stith, CTPR Elston, CDM AF Harris-Stith, CTPR Elston, CDM TI Tuberous sclerosis SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID CONSENSUS CONFERENCE; COMPLEX; ANGIOFIBROMAS; SKIN AB Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is an autosomal dominant disorder with a significant range of clinical expression. Renal, pulmonary, central nervous system, and cardiac complications may result in severe morbidity, Early recognition of the syndrome is important to ensure prompt identification of systemic involvement. We review the clinical features of tuberous sclerosis and discuss recent advances in our understanding of its pathogenesis and appropriate management. C1 USA, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med Dermatol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Elston, CDM (reprint author), USA, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD FEB PY 2002 VL 69 IS 2 BP 103 EP 109 PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 524DF UT WOS:000173996200006 ER PT J AU Albertini, JG AF Albertini, JG TI The criss-cross tie-over tacking suture SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SUSPENSION C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. UTHSCSA, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. USUHS, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Albertini, JG (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 28 IS 2 BP 188 EP 189 DI 10.1046/j.1524-4725.2002.01176.x PG 2 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 525GU UT WOS:000174061200020 PM 11860436 ER PT J AU Isenbarger, DW Hoge, CW Srijan, A Pitarangsi, C Vithayasai, N Bodhidatta, L Hickey, KW Cam, PD AF Isenbarger, DW Hoge, CW Srijan, A Pitarangsi, C Vithayasai, N Bodhidatta, L Hickey, KW Cam, PD TI Comparative antibiotic resistance of diarrheal pathogens from Vietnam and Thailand, 1996-1999 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SHIGELLA; AZITHROMYCIN AB Antimicrobial resistance rates for shigella, campylobacter, nontyphoidal salmonella, and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli were compared for Vietnam and Thailand from 1996 to 1999. Resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline was common. Quinolone resistance remains low in both countries, except among campylobacter and salmonella organisms in Thailand. Nalidixic acid resistance among salmonellae has more than doubled since 1995 (to 21%) in Thailand but is not yet documented in Vietnam. Resistance to quinolones correlated with resistance to azithromycin in both campylobacter and salmonella in Thailand. This report describes the first identification of this correlation and its epidemiologic importance among clinical isolates. These data illustrate the growing magnitude of antibiotic resistance and important differences between countries in Southeast Asia. C1 Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Isenbarger, DW (reprint author), 7543 Spring Lake Dr,D-1, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM isenbargerdw@hotmail.com NR 26 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2002 VL 8 IS 2 BP 175 EP 180 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 520AM UT WOS:000173757800010 PM 11897070 ER PT J AU Talley, JW Ghosh, U Tucker, SG Furey, JS Luthy, RG AF Talley, JW Ghosh, U Tucker, SG Furey, JS Luthy, RG TI Particle-scale understanding of the bioavailability of PAHs in sediment SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SOILS; EXTRACTION; BIOREMEDIATION; SEQUESTRATION; DESORPTION; FRACTIONS; SORPTION; PHASE AB This study reports results of sediment bioslurry treatment and earthworm bioaccumulation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminants found in sediment dredged from Milwaukee Harbor. A significant finding was that bioslurry treatment reduced PAHs on the sediment clay/silt fraction but not on the sediment coal-derived fraction and that PAH reduction in the clay/silt fraction correlated with substantial reduction in earthworm PAH bioaccumulation. These findings are used to infer PAH bioavailability from characterization of particle-scale PAH distribution, association, and binding among the principal particle fractions in the sediment. The results are consistent with work showing that the sediment comprised two principal particle classes for PAHs, coal-derived and clay/silt, each having much different PAH levels, release rates, and desorption activation energies. PAH sorption on coal-derived particles is associated with minimal biodegradation, slow release rates, and high desorption activation energies, while PAH sorption on clay/silt particles is associated with significant potential biodegradability, relatively fast release rates, and lower desorption activation energies. These characteristics are attributed to fundamental differences in the organic matter to which the PAHs are sorbed. Although the majority of the PAHs are found preferentially on coal-derived particles, the PAHs on the clay/silt sediment fraction are more mobile and available, and thus potentially of greater concern. This study demonstrates that a suite of tests comprising both bioassays and particle-scale investigations provide a basis to assess larger-scale phenomena of biotreatment of PAH-impacted sediments and bioavailability and potential toxicity of PAH contaminants in sediments. Improved understanding of contaminant bioavailability aids decision-making on the effectiveness of biotreatment of PAH-impacted sediments and the likelihood for possible reuse of dredged sediments as reclaimed soil or fill. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Luthy, RG (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 36 TC 114 Z9 122 U1 4 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 3 BP 477 EP 483 DI 10.1021/es010897f PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 517TW UT WOS:000173626900041 PM 11871564 ER PT J AU Sabol, BM Melton, RE Chamberlain, R Doering, P Haunert, K AF Sabol, BM Melton, RE Chamberlain, R Doering, P Haunert, K TI Evaluation of a digital echo sounder system for detection of submersed aquatic vegetation SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; RECORDING FATHOMETER; TM IMAGERY; BIOMASS; CALIFORNIA; ABUNDANCE; SEAGRASS; EELGRASS; PLANTS; BAY AB A technique is presented for rapid detection of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) using a high-frequency, high-resolution digital echo sounder linked with global positioning system equipment. The acoustic reflectivity of SAV allows for detection and explicit measurement of canopy geometry using a digital signal processing algorithm described here. Comparing output data from this system with physical measurements shows good detection and measurement performance over a wide range of conditions for freshwater tape grass (Vallisneria americana) and seagrasses (Thalassia testudinum, Halodule wrightii, and Syringodium filiforme) in a sandy-bottom, south Florida estuary. The range of environmental conditions for which the system can be used is defined. Based on these measured performance data and a review of existing literature, this system appears to fill a gap in the inventory of established methods for measuring the distribution and abundance of submersed macrophytes. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA. RP Sabol, BM (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 40 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 13 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD FEB PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.1007/BF02696057 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 544FM UT WOS:000175147600014 ER PT J AU do Carmo, LS Dias, RS Linardi, VR de Sena, MJ dos Santos, DA de Faria, ME Pena, EC Jett, M Heneine, LG AF do Carmo, LS Dias, RS Linardi, VR de Sena, MJ dos Santos, DA de Faria, ME Pena, EC Jett, M Heneine, LG TI Food poisoning due to enterotoxigenic strains of Staphylococcus present in Minas cheese and raw milk in Brazil SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI; TOXIN AB In February and May of 1999, the sanitary services of the Health Board in the cities of Manhuacu and Passa-Quatro, Minas Gerais, Brazil were notified of two food poisoning outbreaks involving a total of 378 individuals. In the first outbreak, 50 individuals became ill after eating Minas cheese. The symptoms of food poisoning (diarrhoea, vomiting, dizziness, chills, and headaches) appeared within 2 h of the individuals ingesting the cheese. The second outbreak affected 328 individuals, who presented with symptoms of diarrhoea and vomiting after consuming raw milk, Samples of the cheese and raw milk were collected. The analysis of the cheese and unpasteurized milk in outbreak one showed that Staphylococcus aureus was present at 2.4 x 10(3) --> 2.0 x 10(8) cfu g(-1) and had produced the enterotoxins SEA, SEB, and SEC. The analysis of the raw milk in outbreak two indicated the presence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in counts exceeding 2.0 x 10(8) cfu g(-1) and the production of enterotoxins SEC and SED. The specific enterotoxins found in each of the two outbreaks implicate the source of contamination in the first out break to be the food handlers and for the second case cattle mastitis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Lab Enterotoxinas, Fundacao Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Lab Microbiol Alimentos, Fundacao Ezequiel Dias, Gerais, Brazil. UFMG, UFR PE DMV, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. ICB UFMG, Dept Microbiol, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. FNS, Lab Enterotoxinas, Bolsista Projeto 139, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. FAPEMIG, Bolsistas Projeto, Serv Microbiol Alimentos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. DCPD, Fundacao Ezequiel Dias Lab Imunol, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RP do Carmo, LS (reprint author), Lab Enterotoxinas, Fundacao Ezequiel Dias, Rua Conde Pereira Carneiro 80, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. NR 16 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 19 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1006/fmic.2001.0444 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 534FD UT WOS:000174573100002 ER PT J AU Svoboda, SJ McHale, K Belkoff, SM Cohen, KS Klemme, WR AF Svoboda, SJ McHale, K Belkoff, SM Cohen, KS Klemme, WR TI The effects of tibial malrotation on the biomechanics of the tibiotalar joint SO FOOT & ANKLE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CONTACT AB The effects of tibial malrotation on the biomechanics of the tibiotalar joint were studied using a cadaveric model loaded in an Instron 8521 materials testing device and a TEKScan I-Scan thin-film resistive Ink pressure measuring system. Testing of 23 legs was performed using rotational conditions of 10 and 20degrees internal and external rotation as well as neutral rotation. All rotational conditions were found to decrease joint contact area. Peak pressures were significantly greater with 20degrees internal rotation as well as 20degrees external rotation. Total load across the joint was significantly lower for both 10 and 20degrees of external rotation. In conclusion, rotational deformity across the tibiotalar joint results in significant alteration of overall joint biomechanics and should be minimized whenever possible. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Svoboda, SJ (reprint author), 208 Kentucky Ave SE, Washington, DC 20003 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC FOOT & ANKLE SOC, INC PI SEATTLE PA 2517 EASTLAKE AVE EAST, STE 200, SEATTLE, WA 98102 USA SN 1071-1007 J9 FOOT ANKLE INT JI Foot Ankle Int. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 BP 102 EP 106 PG 5 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 521MT UT WOS:000173844900003 PM 11858328 ER PT J AU Sheikh, FG Mukhopadhyay, SS Gupta, P AF Sheikh, FG Mukhopadhyay, SS Gupta, P TI PstI repeat: a family of short interspersed nucleotide element (SINE)-like sequences in the genomes of cattle, goat, and buffalo SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE repeat; SINE; Bovidae; genome ID REPETITIVE SEQUENCES; BOVINE GENOME; DNA-SEQUENCES; RNA; SINES; RECOMBINATION; LOCALIZATION; FRAGMENTS; EVOLUTION; CLONING AB The PstI family of elements are short, highly repetitive DNA sequences interspersed throughout the genome of the Bovidae. We have cloned and sequenced some members of the PstI family from cattle, goat, and buffalo. These elements are approximately 500 bp, have a copy number of 2 x 10(5) - 4 x 10(5), and comprise about 4% of the haploid genome. Studies of nucleotide sequence homology indicate that the buffalo and goat PstI repeats (type II) are similar types of short interspersed nucleotide element (SINE) sequences, but the cattle PstI repeat (type I) is considerably more divergent. Additionally, the goat PstI sequence showed significant sequence homology with bovine serine tRNA, and is therefore likely derived from serine tRNA. Interestingly, Southern hybridization suggests that both types of SINEs (I and II) are present in all the species of Bovidae. Dendrogram analysis indicates that cattle PstI SINE is similar to bovine Alu-like SINEs. Goat and buffalo SINEs formed a separate cluster, suggesting that these two types of SINEs evolved separately in the genome of the Bovidae. C1 Bose Inst, Dept Biochem, Anim Genet Unit, Kolkata 700054, W Bengal, India. RP Sheikh, FG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biol, 9100 Brookville Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM faruk.sheikh@na.amedd.army.mil; ssm@bcm.tmc.edu NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 EI 1480-3321 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD FEB PY 2002 VL 45 IS 1 BP 44 EP 50 DI 10.1139/g01-122 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 516KT UT WOS:000173553000007 PM 11908667 ER PT J AU Picton, R Eggo, MC Merrill, GA Langman, MJS Singh, S AF Picton, R Eggo, MC Merrill, GA Langman, MJS Singh, S TI Mucosal protection against sulphide: importance of the enzyme rhodanese SO GUT LA English DT Article ID THIOL S-METHYLTRANSFERASE; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; THIOPURINE METHYLTRANSFERASE; BIOCHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; BINDING; DISEASE; COLON; LIVER; BOWEL AB Background: Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is a potent toxin normally present in the colonic lumen which may play a role in ulcerative colitis (UC). Two enzymes, thiol methyltransferase (TMT) and rhodanese (RHOD), are thought to be responsible for sulphide removal but supportive evidence is lacking. Aims: To determine the distribution of TMT and RHOD in different sites throughout the gastrointestinal tract and their efficacy as detoxifiers of H2S. Methods: Enzyme activities were measured in normal tissue resected from patients with cancer. TMT and RHOD activities were determined using their conventional substrates, 2-mercaptoethanol and sodium thiosulphate, respectively. For measurement of H2S metabolism, sodium sulphide was used in the absence of dithiothreitol. Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT), which in common with TMT methylates sulphydryl groups but is not thought to act on H2S, was also examined. Results: TMT, RHOD, and TPMT activities using their conventional substrates were found throughout the gastrointestinal tract with highest activity in the colonic mucosa. When H2S was given as substrate, no reaction product was found with TMT or TPMT but RHOD was extremely active (Km 8.8 mM, Vmax 14.6 nmol/mg/min). Incubation of colonic homogenates with a specific RHOD antibody prevented the metabolism of H2S, indicating that RHOD is responsible for detoxifying H2S. A purified preparation of RHOD also detoxified H2S. Conclusions: RHOD, located in the submucosa and crypts of the colon, is the principal enzyme involved in H2S detoxication. TMT does not participate in the detoxication of H2S. C1 Good Hope Hosp, Birmingham B75 7RR, W Midlands, England. Univ Birmingham, Dept Med, Div Med Sci, Birmingham B15 2TH, W Midlands, England. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Singh, S (reprint author), Good Hope Hosp, Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham B75 7RR, W Midlands, England. NR 21 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 4 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0017-5749 J9 GUT JI Gut PD FEB PY 2002 VL 50 IS 2 BP 201 EP 205 DI 10.1136/gut.50.2.201 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 514BQ UT WOS:000173416800013 PM 11788560 ER PT J AU Robison, SW Dietrich, CS Person, DA Farley, JH AF Robison, SW Dietrich, CS Person, DA Farley, JH TI Ethnic differences in survival among Pacific Island patients diagnosed with cervical cancer SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE race; cervix; cancer; survival ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; URINARY-BLADDER EPITHELIUM; P53 GENE-MUTATIONS; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT; ANTICANCER AGENTS; UTERINE CERVIX; CARCINOMAS; STAGE AB Background. It was the purpose of this study to investigate whether Pacific Island (PI) ethnicity, Micronesian and Polynesian, is an independent prognostic factor in the survival of cervical cancer in a health care system with minimal racial bias and few barriers to access to care. Methods. Records from 1988 to 1999 were reviewed for the U.S. Military Health Care System. The medical records of women with the diagnosis of invasive cervical cancer were abstracted and clinical data recorded. A cohort analysis based on Pacific Island ethnicity was also performed on all patients treated at Tripler Army Medical Center (TAMC) during this time period. Significant differences in distribution of clinical factors were determined by Wilcoxon rank-sum test and survival analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier actuarial statistics. Results. A total of 153 patients were identified who were treated at TAMC; 74 were of PI ethnicity. An additional 1400 patients were identified throughout the military health care system during this time. Forty-eight percent of non-PI TAMC patients were Caucasian, 14% Filipino, and 13% Korean. The mean age of PI was 45 versus 40 years for their non-PI counterparts. There was no difference in the distribution of the grade of tumors among cohorts analyzed. Seventy-five percent of non-PI patients presented at an early stage while 74% of PI women presented at an advanced stage. Twenty-three percent of PI patients had positive lymph nodes, versus 7% of non-PI patients. There was no difference in the radiation dosages among patients treated with primary radiation therapy. PI patients had a significantly decreased 5-year survival, 32% versus 71%, compared to their cervical cancer patient counterparts, P < 0.001. Multivariate analysis reveale PI ethnicity to be a significant independent predictor of decreased survival, P < 0.001. Conclusion. PI women diagnosed with cervical cancer tend to present at an advanced age and stage with metastatic disease. They have a decreased survival that remains present after adjusting for age, stage, and grade. The poor prognosis is likely due to lack of uniform screening among this population; however, molecular etiologies and human papillomavirus could also contribute to decreased survival. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Div Gynecol Oncol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Farley, JH (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 84 IS 2 BP 303 EP 308 DI 10.1006/gyno.2001.6518 PG 6 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 520UE UT WOS:000173799100019 PM 11812091 ER PT J AU Vorhees, DJ Driscoll, SBK von Stackelberg, K Cura, JJ Bridges, TS AF Vorhees, DJ Driscoll, SBK von Stackelberg, K Cura, JJ Bridges, TS TI An evaluation of sources of uncertainty in a dredged material assessment SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE uncertainty; dredged material; open water disposal ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; PROBABILISTIC RISK-ASSESSMENT; LAKE-ONTARIO; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; FOOD-WEB; BIOACCUMULATION; TOXICITY; PCBS; FISH AB The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency use a four tiered evaluation process to assess die potential for significant impacts from open water disposal of dredged material to the aquatic environment. This tiered approach requires only the appropriate level of analysis to estimate potential chemical and biological effects. Uncertainty is inherent in each tier and can lead to delayed, costly, and potentially inappropriate decisions. This paper discusses sources of uncertainty in the tiered approach with the goal of improving dredged material management decisions. These potential uncertainty sources are common to many dredging projects but might not be applicable to all projects. Although not all uncertainty sources can be quantified, even using the simple scoring procedure described here, they can still contribute significantly to uncertainty in predictions of adverse effects. Of the. sources that could be scored and ranked, those identified as most uncertain include trophic transfer, chronic bioassay interpretation, fate and transport model parameter uncertainty, toxicity endpoints based on body burdens, human dose-response models, toxicity of complex mixtures, and estimation of population-level effects. Research directed at these sources of uncertainty will result in improved decision making. C1 Menzie Cura & Associates Inc, Chelmsford, MA 01824 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Vorhees, DJ (reprint author), Menzie Cura & Associates Inc, 1 Courthouse Lane,Suite 2, Chelmsford, MA 01824 USA. EM djvor@menziecura.com NR 65 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 8 IS 2 BP 369 EP 389 DI 10.1080/20028091056962 PG 21 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 527ZQ UT WOS:000174218600012 ER PT J AU Tentzeris, EM Cangellaris, A Katehi, LPB Harvey, J AF Tentzeris, EM Cangellaris, A Katehi, LPB Harvey, J TI Multiresolution time-domain (MRTD) adaptive schemes using arbitrary resolutions of wavelets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE adaptive gridding; FDTD; MRTD; time-domain techniques; wavelets AB A space- and time-adaptive two-dimensional multiresolution time-domain (MRTD) algorithm based on arbitrary resolutions of Battle-Lemarie wavelets is proposed. Analytic expressions for the finite-summation coefficients are derived and details concerning the modeling of hard boundaries, excitation, and field reconstruction are extensively discussed. Through the use of a combination of absolute and relative thresholding, a dynamically changing grid is developed with minimal computational requirements in comparison to the finite-difference time-domain technique. After the validation process, MRTD is used for the first time for the numerical optimization of complex RF structures such as evanescent-mode filters. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Tentzeris, EM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 50 IS 2 BP 501 EP 516 DI 10.1109/22.982230 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 519AR UT WOS:000173701700014 ER PT J AU Garasi, CJ Robinson, AC Kingman, P Filbey, S AF Garasi, CJ Robinson, AC Kingman, P Filbey, S TI Visualization of ALEGRA-MHD kinked wire validation simulation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE magnetohydrodynamics; software verification; validation AB We present a three-dimensional (3-D) ALEGRA-MHD simulation of a kinked wire magneto-solid mechanics validation experiment performed at Army Research Laboratory. A 3-min diameter copper wire with a 60degrees (equilateral) kink was subjected to a 400-kA prescribed current pulse. Magnetic quantities have been visualized in order to understand the 3-D nature of the resulting wire disruption. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Res & Dev, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USA, Armor Modeling Team, Armor Concept Sect, Armor Mech Branch,Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Garasi, CJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Res & Dev, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 104 EP 105 AR PII S 0093-3813(02)03158-2 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1003945 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 556JP UT WOS:000175845900051 ER PT J AU Katial, RK Brandt, BL Moran, EE Marks, S Agnello, V Zollinger, WD AF Katial, RK Brandt, BL Moran, EE Marks, S Agnello, V Zollinger, WD TI Immunogenicity and safety testing of a group B intranasal meningococcal native outer membrane vesicle vaccine SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; POLYSACCHARIDE; ANTIBODIES; EFFICACY; DISEASE; COMPLEX; MICE AB The presently licensed meningococcal vaccine is a tetravalent capsular polysaccharide vaccine that induces immunity to serogroups A, C, Y, and W-135 but not to group B, which causes nearly half of the meningitis cases in the United States. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of an intranasal native outer membrane vesicle (NOW) vaccine prepared from a capsule negative strain of group B of Neisseria meningitidis. In this study all volunteers received the same dose of vaccine, but we evaluated two different immunization schedules and the oropharyngeal and intranasal routes of vaccine delivery, assessed nasal cytology for cellular infiltration, and measured antibody-secreting cells (enzyme-linked immunospot assay [ELISPOT]) as an early marker for systemic immune response. Additionally, both intranasal and serum vaccine-specific antibodies were measured as well as serum bactericidal activity. Four groups with a total of 42 subjects were immunized on days 0, 28, and 56. Group 3 received an additional dose on day 7. Group 2 subjects were immunized both intranasally and oropharyngeally. Group 4 received a different lot of vaccine. All groups received approximately 1,200 mug of vaccine per subject. Patients were evaluated for side effects. The vaccine was well tolerated without evidence of inflammation on nasal cytology. The group receiving the extra vaccine dose showed the maximum increase in bactericidal activity. Thirty of 42 subjects demonstrated an increase in meningococcus-specific intranasal immunoglobulin A (IgA) titers, while 23 of 42 demonstrated an increase in specific IgG titers. The group receiving vaccine intranasally and oropharyngeally showed the highest rise in intranasal titers for both IgA and IgG. Groups 1, 3, and 4 showed a significant increase in antibody-secreting cells on ELISPOT. Eighteen of 42 volunteers demonstrated a fourfold or greater rise in bactericidal titers, with 81% showing an increase over baseline. We have demonstrated the immunogenicity and safety of a group B lipopolysaccharide-containing, intranasal, NOMV vaccine. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Allergy Immunol Clin, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Katial, RK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Allergy Immunol Clin, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Moran, Elizabeth/A-9384-2011; Zollinger, Wendell/B-2887-2011 NR 19 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 70 IS 2 BP 702 EP 707 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.2.702-707.2002 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 516LY UT WOS:000173555800036 PM 11796602 ER PT J AU Krapels, K Driggers, R Vollmerhausen, R Halford, C AF Krapels, K Driggers, R Vollmerhausen, R Halford, C TI Minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRT): procedure improvements and dynamic MRT SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRT); dynamic MRT ID IMAGING-SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE AB Minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRT or MRTD) is the primary performance test for tactical military infrared (IR) sensors. It is a lab measurement that may be related to discrimination task performance in the field. Also, a theoretical model exists for deriving the MRT of a particular sensor, where the model is used in sensor design evaluation and trades. The model includes both the human and the sensor/display in the overall system performance and can be considered a visual acuity test of a human looking through the IR imager. Both the model and test are validated for first and second generation forward looking IR sensors. The test procedure has been incorrectly applied to undersampled staring array imagers that are becoming more common today. Additionally, it lacks stringent controllability in the procedures, which hampers test repeatability. As a result, multiple measurements are typically performed and the results averaged. This is usually without regard to statistical requirements for estimating values from distributed data. Improvements to the MRT testing procedure are investigated in this research. Data is reported that supports the use of improved techniques. The first improvement is to standardize the sensor and display configuration procedures. A process for standardization is presented and applied to a mid-wave IR imaging sensor. The currently accepted procedure for the static MRT test is accompanied by errors for undersampled staring array imagers. Thus, the second improvement suggested is to utilize dynamic MRT (DMRT) testing for undersampled IR imaging systems. Two motivations for the study presented here are to minimize the uncertainty associated with MRT testing and to improve the characterization of undersampled imagers. These two goals are achieved by the suggested improvements. The resulting DMRTs are compared with modeled MRTs and static MRTs. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. Univ Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Krapels, K (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 43 IS 1 BP 17 EP 31 DI 10.1016/S1350-4495(01)00115-3 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 483AT UT WOS:000171612100002 ER PT J AU O'Brien, TK Chawan, AD Krueger, R Paris, IL AF O'Brien, TK Chawan, AD Krueger, R Paris, IL TI Transverse tension fatigue life characterization through flexure testing of composite materials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Fatigue of Composites CY JUN 04-07, 2001 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA DE composite materials; carbon-epoxy; glass-epoxy; transverse tension strength; fatigue life; Weibull scaling law ID STRENGTH AB The transverse tension fatigue life of S2/8552 glass-epoxy and IM7/8552 carbon-epoxy was characterized using flexure tests of 90-degree laminates loaded in 3-point and 4-point bending. The influence of specimen polishing and specimen configuration on transverse tension fatigue life was examined using the glass-epoxy laminates. Results showed that 90-degree flexure specimens with polished machined edges and polished tension-side surfaces had lower fatigue lives than unpolished specimens when cyclically loaded at equal stress levels. The influence of specimen thickness and the utility of a Weibull scaling law were examined using the carbon-epoxy laminates. The influence of test frequency on fatigue results was also documented for the 4-point bending configuration. A Weibull scaling law was used to predict the 4-point bending fatigue lives from the 3-point bending curve fit and vice versa. Scaling was performed based on maximum cyclic stress level as well as fatigue life. The scaling laws based on stress level shifted the curve fit S-N characterizations in the desired direction, however, the magnitude of the shift was not adequate to accurately predict the fatigue lives. Furthermore, the scaling law based on fatigue life shifted the curve fit S-N characterizations in the opposite direction from measured values. Therefore, these scaling laws were not adequate for obtaining accurate predictions of the transverse tension fatigue lives of heterogeneous, fiber reinforced, polymer matrix composites. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USA, Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Natl Res Council, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP O'Brien, TK (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USA, Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RI Krueger, Ronald/G-5356-2015 NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD FEB-APR PY 2002 VL 24 IS 2-4 BP 127 EP 145 AR PII S0142-1123(01)00104-9 DI 10.1016/S0142-1123(01)00104-9 PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 523MK UT WOS:000173957700007 ER PT J AU Harik, VM Klinger, JR Bogetti, TA AF Harik, VM Klinger, JR Bogetti, TA TI Low-cycle fatigue of unidirectional composites: Bi-linear S-N curves SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Fatigue of Composites CY JUN 04-07, 2001 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA DE low-cycle fatigue; polymer matrix composites; S-N curves; fatigue limits; damage AB Low-cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of polymer matrix composites (PMCs) is investigated in an experimental study of unidirectional glass/epoxy composites subjected to axial tensile loading along longitudinal 0degrees orientation of fibers. Under high LCF loads, fatigue life of PMCs is found to be less than 10(4) loading cycles due to the high property degradation rates that are noticeably higher than those seen during high-cycle fatigue (HCF). In PMC response, unique LCF features have been identified and linked with damage accumulation patterns in unidirectional composites. At high loads near the ultimate strength of specimens, large strains and finite strain rates are found to be significant under semi-rectangular loading so the LCF behavior is affected. Lower and upper limits for the LCF life impose some restrictions on the S-N curves that are obtained for the LCF life assessment. A bi-linear S-N curve is used to approximate the data in the LCF and HCF regions. The bi-linear S-N relationship and the associated fatigue model are described by a proposed analytical formula. The concept of pre-LCF damage state is introduced. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM MB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Delaware, ARL Grp, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Natl Nonwoven Inc, E Hampton, MA 01027 USA. RP Harik, VM (reprint author), NASA, ICASE, Langley Res Ctr, MS 132C, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD FEB-APR PY 2002 VL 24 IS 2-4 BP 455 EP 462 AR PII S0142-1123(01)00101-3 DI 10.1016/S0142-1123(01)00101-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 523MK UT WOS:000173957700042 ER PT J AU Parker, CT AF Parker, CT TI The diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus SO JCR-JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CLASSIFICATION; CRITERIA C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Parker, CT (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-1608 J9 JCR-J CLIN RHEUMATOL JI JCR-J. Clin. Rheumatol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 8 IS 1 BP 64 EP 64 DI 10.1097/00124743-200202000-00018 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 552VR UT WOS:000175641200017 PM 17039209 ER PT J AU Abraham, A Doperak, M Friedman, H Barkin, S AF Abraham, A Doperak, M Friedman, H Barkin, S TI Violence risks: Military teens' and parents' perceptions. SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 115 EP 115 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 519DR UT WOS:000173710100049 ER PT J AU Kerdok, AE Biewener, AA McMahon, TA Weyand, PG Herr, HM AF Kerdok, AE Biewener, AA McMahon, TA Weyand, PG Herr, HM TI Energetics and mechanics of human running on surfaces of different stiffnesses SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomechanics; locomotion; leg stiffness; metabolic ID LEG STIFFNESS; STRIDE FREQUENCY; LOCOMOTION; SPEED; FORCE; SPRINGS AB Mammals use the elastic components in their legs (principally tendons, ligaments, and muscles) to run economically, while maintaining consistent support mechanics across various surfaces. To examine how leg stiffness and metabolic cost are affected by changes in substrate stiffness, we built experimental platforms with adjustable stiffness to fit on a force-plate-fitted treadmill. Eight male subjects [mean body mass: 74.4 +/- 7.1 (SD) kg; leg length: 0.96 +/- 0.05 m] ran at 3.7 m/s over five different surface stiffnesses (75.4, 97.5, 216.8, 454.2, and 945.7 kN/m). Metabolic, ground-reaction force, and kinematic data were collected. The 12.5-fold decrease in surface stiffness resulted in a 12% decrease in the runner's metabolic rate and a 29% increase in their leg stiffness. The runner's support mechanics remained essentially unchanged. These results indicate that surface stiffness affects running economy without affecting running support mechanics. We postulate that an increased energy rebound from the compliant surfaces studied contributes to the enhanced running economy. C1 MIT, Harvard Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Concord Field Stn, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Harvard Univ, Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Kerdok, AE (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, 29 Oxford St,Pierce Hall G-8, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 31 TC 135 Z9 137 U1 3 U2 66 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 92 IS 2 BP 469 EP 478 PG 10 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 511YB UT WOS:000173293400007 PM 11796653 ER PT J AU Scobell, A AF Scobell, A TI The armies of East Asia: China, Taiwan, Japan, and the Koreas. SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, War Coll, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Scobell, A (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN ASIAN STUDIES INC PI ANN ARBOR PA UNIV MICH 1 LANE HALL, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0021-9118 J9 J ASIAN STUD JI J. Asian Stud. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 61 IS 1 BP 187 EP 188 DI 10.2307/2700200 PG 2 WC Area Studies; Asian Studies SC Area Studies; Asian Studies GA 536UE UT WOS:000174719600014 ER PT J AU Motin, VL Georgescu, AM Elliott, JM Hu, P Worsham, PL Ott, LL Slezak, TR Sokhansanj, BA Regala, WM Brubaker, RR Garcia, E AF Motin, VL Georgescu, AM Elliott, JM Hu, P Worsham, PL Ott, LL Slezak, TR Sokhansanj, BA Regala, WM Brubaker, RR Garcia, E TI Genetic variability of Yersinia pestis isolates as predicted by PCR-based IS100 genotyping and analysis of structural genes encoding glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (glpD) SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRULENCE-ASSOCIATED PLASMIDS; SEQUENCE IS100; IS-ELEMENTS; PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS; PLAGUE; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANIZATION; INSERTION; GENOME AB A PCR-based genotyping system that detects divergence of IS100 locations within the Yersinia pestis genome was used to characterize a large collection of isolates of different biovars and geographical origins. Using sequences derived from the glycerol-negative biovar orientalis strain CO92, a set of 27 locus-specific primers was designed to amplify fragments between the end of IS100 and its neighboring gene. Geographically diverse members of the orientalis biovar formed a homogeneous group with identical genotype with the exception of strains isolated in Indochina. In contrast, strains belonging to the glycerol-positive biovar antiqua showed a variety of fingerprinting profiles. Moreover, strains of the biovar medievalis (also glycerol positive) clustered together with the antiqua isolates originated from Southeast Asia, suggesting their close phylogenetic relationships. Interestingly, a Manchurian biovar antiqua strain Nicholisk 51 displayed a genotyping pattern typical of biovar orientalis isolates. Analysis of the glycerol pathway in Y. pestis suggested that a 93-bp deletion within the glpD gene encoding aerobic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase might account for the glycerol-negative phenotype of the orientalis biovar. The glpD gene of strain Nicholisk 51 did not possess this deletion, although it contained two nucleotide substitutions characteristic of the glpD version found exclusively in biovar orientalis strains. To account for this close relationship between biovar orientalis strains and the antiqua Nicholisk 51 isolate, we postulate that the latter represents a variant of this biovar with restored ability to ferment glycerol. The fact that such a genetic lesion might be repaired as part of the natural evolutionary process suggests the existence of genetic exchange between different Yersinia strains in nature. The relevance of this observation on the emergence of epidemic Y. pestis strains is discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Bacteriol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Garcia, E (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, L-452,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Motin, Vladimir/O-1535-2013 NR 34 TC 63 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 184 IS 4 BP 1019 EP 1027 DI 10.1128/jb.184.4.1019-1027.2002 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 518VJ UT WOS:000173688300018 PM 11807062 ER PT J AU Siegman, AW Malkin, AR Boyle, S Vaitkus, M Barko, W Franco, E AF Siegman, AW Malkin, AR Boyle, S Vaitkus, M Barko, W Franco, E TI Anger, and plasma lipid, lipoprotein, and glucose levels in healthy women: The mediating role of physical fitness SO JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE impulsive anger; neurotic anger; cholesterol; glucose levels; physical fitness ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; EXPRESSION INVENTORY; HOSTILITY; RISK; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COMPONENTS; PREDICTORS; INSULIN AB The association between anger, lipid profiles, and glucose levels were examined in this study of 103 middle aged, healthy women. A principal component factor analysis of Spielberger's Trait Anger and Anger Expression scales yielded two anger factors: Impulsive Anger-Out and Neurotic Anger Impulsive anger-out significantly, predicted a negative lipid profile (high total serum cholesterol (TSC), low density lipoproteins (LDL), TSC/HDL (high density lipids), and triglyceride levels) and heightened glucose levels, but only, in physically unfit women. Neurotic anger did not predict lipid and glucose levels. These findings parallel previous findings regarding the two anger dimensions and CHD, with only impulsive anger-out predicting CHD. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the protective effect of physical fitness, previously documented for men, also occurs in women. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. USA, Phys Fitness Res Inst, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Siegman, AW (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0160-7715 J9 J BEHAV MED JI J. Behav. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1023/A:1013558000465 PG 16 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 518XR UT WOS:000173693900001 PM 11845555 ER PT J AU Hable, MA Sutphin, JB Oliver, CG McKenzie, RM Gordon, EF Bishop, RW AF Hable, MA Sutphin, JB Oliver, CG McKenzie, RM Gordon, EF Bishop, RW TI A procedure for sampling and analysis of air for energetics and related compounds SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NITRAMINE; WATER C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Hable, MA (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 40 IS 2 BP 77 EP 82 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 523PE UT WOS:000173963600003 PM 11881708 ER PT J AU Saengjaruk, P Chaicumpa, W Watt, G Bunyaraksyotin, G Wuthiekanun, V Tapchaisri, P Sittinont, C Panaphut, T Tomanakan, K Sakolvaree, Y Chongsa-Nguan, M Mahakunkijcharoen, Y Kalambaheti, T Naigowit, P Wambangco, MAL Kurazono, H Hayashi, H AF Saengjaruk, P Chaicumpa, W Watt, G Bunyaraksyotin, G Wuthiekanun, V Tapchaisri, P Sittinont, C Panaphut, T Tomanakan, K Sakolvaree, Y Chongsa-Nguan, M Mahakunkijcharoen, Y Kalambaheti, T Naigowit, P Wambangco, MAL Kurazono, H Hayashi, H TI Diagnosis of human leptospirosis by monoclonal antibody-based antigen detection in urine SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MICROSCOPIC AGGLUTINATION-TEST; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE; RAPID DIAGNOSIS; RISK-FACTORS; PROTEINS; OUTBREAK; ILLNESS AB Hybridomas secreting specific monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to all members of the genus Leptospira (clone LF9) and those that are specific only to the pathogenic species (clones LD5 and LE1) were produced. MAb LF9, which was immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), reacted to a 38-kDa component of the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-separated whole-cell lysates of all Leptospira spp., while MAb LD5 and MAb LE1, which were IgG1 and IgG2a, respectively, reacted to the 35- to 36-kDa components of all serogroups of the pathogenic species of Leptospira. The MAb LD5 was used in a dot blot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) for detecting Leptospira antigen in urine samples serially collected from two groups of patients diagnosed with leptospirosis, i.e., 36 clinically diagnosed patients and 25 Leptospira culture confirmed patients. Their serum samples were tested serologically by IgM Dipstick assay, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and/or microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Urine samples of 26 patients diagnosed with other illnesses and 120 healthy individuals served as controls. For the first group of patients, who had been ill for an average of 3.4 days before hospitalization, the IgM Dipstick test, IFA, and MAT were positive for 69.4, 70.0, and 85.7% of patients, while the Leptospira antigenuria tested by the MAb-based dot-ELISA was positive for 75.0, 88.9, 97.2, 97.2, and 100% of patients on days 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 of hospitalization, respectively. All but 1 of 11 patients whose serum samples collected on the first day of hospitalization were IgM seronegative, were positive by urine antigen test on day 1. This is strong evidence that detection of antigen in urine can provide diagnostic information that could be useful in directing early therapeutic intervention. The MAT was positive in 10 of 12 patients (83.3%) of the 25 culture-positive Leptospira patients who had been ill for an average of 5.04 days before hospitalization, and the Leptospira antigen was found in 64.0, 84.0, 96.0, 100, 100, 100, and 100% of the patients' urine samples collected on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of hospitalization, respectively. Leptospira antigenuria was found in 3 of the 26 patients diagnosed with other illnesses and 1 of the 120 healthy controls. The reasons for this positivity are discussed. The detection of antigen in urine by the monoclonal antibody-based dot-ELISA has high potential for rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnosis of leptospirosis at a low cost. C1 Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Wellcome Unit, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, US Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Maharat Hosp, Dept Med, Nakhon Ratchaseema, Thailand. Khon Kaen Prov Hosp, Muang Dist, Khon Kaen Prov, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Med Sci, Nonthaburi Prov, Thailand. Univ Philippines, Coll Publ Hlth, Manila, Philippines. Okayama Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Dept Med Technol, Okayama, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Basic Med Sci, Dept Microbiol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Chaicumpa, W (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 420-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 39 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 40 IS 2 BP 480 EP 489 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.2.480-489.2002 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 519NG UT WOS:000173731900025 PM 11825960 ER PT J AU Varney, SM Manthey, DE Culpepper, VE Creedon, JF AF Varney, SM Manthey, DE Culpepper, VE Creedon, JF TI A comparison of oral, tympanic, and rectal temperature measurement in the elderly SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ACEP Scientific Assembly CY OCT, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA DE fever; rectal thermometry; elderly; core temperature ID THERMOMETER; EMERGENCY AB This cross-sectional study enrolled 95 elderly Emergency Department patients aged 60 years or more to determine if rectal temperatures identify fevers more often than oral or tympanic temperatures when the chief complaint suggests an infection. A fever was defined as a temperature greater than 38degreesC (100.4degreesF). Discordance was defined as any patient with an oral or tympanic temperature of 38degreesC or less but manifesting a rectal temperature greater than 38degreesC and 0.5degreesC (1degreesF) greater than the oral or tympanic temperature. Rectal thermometry identified a fever in 14 of 95 (14.7%) patients who were afebrile orally and in 11 of 90 (12.2%) patients who were afebrile tympanically. Five of 90 (5.6%) patients were febrile rectally but were afebrile by both oral and tympanic thermometry. Thus, rectal thermometry identified fevers missed orally and tympanically in elderly patients whose presentation suggested infection. To identify these febrile patients with possible infection, clinicians must be attentive to elderly patients' vague clinical presentation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 San Antonio Uniformed Serv Htlh Educ Consortium, Emergency Med Residency Program, San Antonio, TX USA. Wake Forest Univ, Baptist Med Ctr, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Varney, SM (reprint author), 2705 Vergils Ct, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. RI Manthey, David/C-9936-2013 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 22 IS 2 BP 153 EP 157 AR PII S0736-4679(01)00457-7 DI 10.1016/S0736-4679(01)00457-7 PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 525HA UT WOS:000174061800006 PM 11858919 ER PT J AU Galvan, RR West, LA Liewehr, FR Pashley, DH AF Galvan, RR West, LA Liewehr, FR Pashley, DH TI Coronal microleakage of five materials used to create an intracoronal seal in endodonticallly treated teeth SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; LEAKAGE AB The purpose of this study was to quantitatively, compare the sealing effectiveness of five restorative materials that were used to create an intra-coronal double seal. Fifty-two extracted mandibular molars were randomly divided into five groups of 10 teeth, and one positive and one negative control tooth. The crowns were removed and the pulpal floor and canal orifices were sealed with 3 mm of one of the following materials: Amalgabond, C&B Metabond, One-Step Dentin Adhesive with AEliteflo composite, One-Step with Palfique composite, or intermediate restorative material (IRM). Each tooth was affixed to a fluid filtration device and the seal was evaluated at 0, 1, 7, 30, and 90 days. The results showed a significant (p = 0.0001) difference in leakage between the materials. At 7 days, IRM, AEliteflo, and Palfique leaked significantly more than Amalgabond or C&B Metabond. Amalgabond consistently produced the best seal of all the materials throughout the duration of the study. C1 USA, Dent Activ, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Biol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. RP Liewehr, FR (reprint author), USA, Dent Activ, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE 06427] NR 10 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 28 IS 2 BP 59 EP 61 DI 10.1097/00004770-200202000-00002 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 517BB UT WOS:000173590300002 PM 11833689 ER PT J AU Dennis, ST Baylot, JT Woodson, SC AF Dennis, ST Baylot, JT Woodson, SC TI Response of 1/4-scale concrete masonry unit (CMU) walls to blast SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article DE concrete masonry; walls; blasting; explosives AB The exterior walls of conventional structures are often constructed using concrete masonry units (CMUs), commonly called concrete blocks. A series of experiments was conducted at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center to determine the response of a one-way 1/4-scale CMU wall to the detonation of an explosive charge. Finite-element analyses were developed to predict the results of these experiments. Each CMU was modeled with eight-node continuum elements. Adjacent CMUs were tied together using a slide surface that models a rigid connection until a failure criterion is met. Based on the analyses, a charge standoff was selected to induce a near-failure response. Five blast-load experiments were conducted. Both pre- and posttest analyses compare reasonably well with experimental results. C1 USAF Acad, DFEM, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Dennis, ST (reprint author), USAF Acad, DFEM, Headquarters,2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6H2, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD FEB PY 2002 VL 128 IS 2 BP 134 EP 142 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2002)128:2(134) PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 516VD UT WOS:000173576700001 ER PT J AU Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA Marshall, WJ Aldrich, RC Zimmerman, SA Rockwell, RJ AF Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA Marshall, WJ Aldrich, RC Zimmerman, SA Rockwell, RJ TI A procedure for laser hazard classification under the Z136.1-2000 American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laser safety; ANSI laser standard; maximum permissible exposure (MPE) to lasers; accessible emission limit (AEL); pulsed lasers; laser hazard classification ID PRIMATE EYE; PULSES; LESIONS AB Over the past few years, a comprehensive rewrite of the American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers (ANSI Z136.1) has been conducted. The ANSI Z136.1 is a user standard, as opposed to a manufacturer standard like the Federal Laser Product Performance Standard. As such, differing philosophies for hazard classification and application of safety control measures apply, based upon the user's perspective. Here we present the second in a series of tutorial articles designed to clarify laser hazard analysis procedures under this new ANSI Standard. The procedure presented allows the reader to effectively determine the appropriate hazard classification for a small-source laser by using known laser output parameters in a step-by-step analysis. (C) 2002 Laser Institute of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USA, CHPPM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Rockwell Laser Ind, Cincinnati, OH 45243 USA. RP Thomas, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU LASER INST AMER PI ORLANDO PA 13501 INGENUITY DR, SUITE 128, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.2351/1.1436484 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 528RM UT WOS:000174256800012 ER PT J AU Starr, AJ Walter, JC Harris, RW Reinert, CM Jones, AL AF Starr, AJ Walter, JC Harris, RW Reinert, CM Jones, AL TI Percutaneous screw fixation of fractures of the iliac wing and fracture-dislocations of the sacro-iliac joint (OTA Types 61-B2.2 and 61-B2.3, or Young-Burgess "lateral compression type II" pelvic fractures) SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA LA English DT Article DE iliac wing fracture; percutaneous stabilization; fluoroscopic guidance AB A technique for closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation of fractures of the iliac wing and fracture-dislocations of the sacro-iliac joint is presented. Twenty-seven pelvic fractures were treated with attempted closed reduction followed by percutaneous screw fixation. Closed reduction failed in two patients. In the other twenty-five, closed reduction to within one centimeter of residual displacement was obtained, and was followed by stabilization with percutaneously placed cannulated screws. Complications included dislodgment of a screw from the superior pubic ramus in one patient, and partial cut-out of a screw along the inner cortex of the iliac wing in another. Two patients were lost to follow-up before fracture union occurred. The remaining twenty-three patients were followed-up for an average of twenty-seven months (range, 18-48 months). All of the fractures healed in the twenty-three patients who were not lost to follow-up. All but two of the patients who were working before injury returned to work. All but one of the patients was satisfied with the outcome of their pelvic fracture treatment. Closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation of fractures of the posterior portion of the iliac wing yields acceptable reductions, with minimal blood loss and limited damage to the surrounding soft tissues. C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. Maryland Inst Emergency Med Serv Shock Trauma, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Starr, AJ (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. NR 15 TC 46 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-5339 J9 J ORTHOP TRAUMA JI J. Orthop. Trauma PD FEB PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2 BP 116 EP 123 DI 10.1097/00005131-200202000-00008 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 519QB UT WOS:000173736000008 PM 11818807 ER PT J AU Roberts, S Creamer, K Shoupe, B Flores, Y Robie, D AF Roberts, S Creamer, K Shoupe, B Flores, Y Robie, D TI Unique management of stage 4S neuroblastoma complicated by massive hepatomegaly: Case report and review of the literature SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY LA English DT Review DE stage 4S neuroblastoma; abdominal wall expansion; negative-pressure dressing; diffuse alveolar hemorrhage ID IV-S NEUROBLASTOMA; DIFFUSE ALVEOLAR HEMORRHAGE; BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; VACUUM-ASSISTED CLOSURE; NEURO-BLASTOMA; ABDOMINAL EXPANSION; WOUND CONTROL; THERAPY; CORTICOSTEROIDS; CRITERIA AB Stage 4S neuroblastoma is an unusual malignancy that has an excellent prognosis, except in young infants. A 2-month-old with 4S neuroblastoma complicated by massive hepatomegaly, managed by abdominal decompression surgery and a negative-pressure dressing system is presented. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage also developed, which was treated with high-dose corticosteroids. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Tripler, HI USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Crit Care, Tripler, HI USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Tripler, HI USA. RP Roberts, S (reprint author), Doernbecher Mem Hosp Children, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd CDRCP, Portland, OR 97219 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1077-4114 J9 J PEDIAT HEMATOL ONC JI J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 24 IS 2 BP 142 EP 144 DI 10.1097/00043426-200202000-00017 PG 3 WC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics SC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics GA 520YD UT WOS:000173810600015 PM 11990702 ER PT J AU Fowler, EB Cuenin, MF Hokett, SD Peacock, ME McPherson, JC Dirksen, TR Sharawy, M Billman, MA AF Fowler, EB Cuenin, MF Hokett, SD Peacock, ME McPherson, JC Dirksen, TR Sharawy, M Billman, MA TI Evaluation of pluronic polyols as carriers for grafting materials: Study in rat calvaria defects SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE animal studies; bone and bones; grafts; bone; surface active; agents; wound healing. ID FREEZE-DRIED BONE; RADIOMETRIC ANALYSIS; IMPLANTS AB Background: Pluronic polyols are a family of non-ionic surfactants currently used as drug carriers for antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-neoplastic agents. Therapeutic administration of non-ionic surface-active agents is known to facilitate early collagen synthesis and microcirculation, thus promoting wound healing. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vivo effects of pluronic polyols combined with either an allograft or an alloplast on the healing of critical-sized calvarial defects. Methods: One hundred fifty (150) adult (95 to 105 days old) male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 375 and 425 g were randomly and evenly assigned to each of 15 separate treatment groups and anesthetized, and 8 mm calvarial critical-sized defects were created. Pluronic F-68 (F-68) or pluronic F-127 (F127) was administered either topically or systemically and in conjuction with demineralized bone powder (DBP), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), or non-grafted controls. Pluronic polyols are easily mixed with either DBP or TCP to improve handling ease. Calvaria were harvested at 12 weeks postsurgery and evaluated histomorphometrically, by contact radiography with subsequent densitometric analysis, through energy spectrometry utilizing a scanning electron microscope, and by fluorescent microscopy. Results: There was a significant difference in the percentage of bone fill among the control, TCP, and DBP only groups, P <0.05. The only significant difference within any of these groups was between the TCP control and TCP plus systemic F-127, P <0.05. Conclusions: Although there were isolated differences, the overall trend was that the pluronic polyol and the mode of administration did not result in a significant change in bone wound healing as measured by the percentage of bone fill. Pluronic polyols may be considered as carriers for osseous graft materials. C1 USA, Dent Activ, Tingay Dent Clin, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. USA, Dent Activ, Ft Lewis, WA USA. USA, Dwight David Eisenhower Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Oral Biol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Periodont, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. RP Hokett, SD (reprint author), USA, Dent Activ, Tingay Dent Clin, Bldg 320,E Hosp Rd, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 33 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1902/jop.2002.73.2.191 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 526AP UT WOS:000174106500009 PM 11895285 ER PT J AU Herold, RW Pashley, DH Cuenin, MF Niagro, F Hokett, SD Peacock, ME Mailhot, J Borke, J AF Herold, RW Pashley, DH Cuenin, MF Niagro, F Hokett, SD Peacock, ME Mailhot, J Borke, J TI The effects of varying degrees of allograft decalcification on cultured porcine osteoclast cells SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE animal studies; calcium/therapeutic use; bone, freeze-dried; bone resorption; osteoclasts; grafts, bone ID FREEZE-DRIED BONE; ATTACHMENT APPARATUS FORMATION; HUMAN EXTRACTION SOCKETS; HISTOLOGIC EVALUATION; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-2; INDUCE; ABILITY; DEFECTS AB Background: Demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) is widely used in periodontal therapy as a scaffold for new bone formation in periodontal defects. It is demineralized, theoretically, to expose osteoinductive or osteoconductive bone matrix proteins that should facilitate osteogenesis. The degree of DFDBA demineralization varies between tissue banks and may affect clinical regeneration. A 2% residual calcium level in DFDBA has been shown to result in the highest alkaline phosphatase activity levels in cultured human periosteal cells and is optimally osteoinductive or osteoconductive for new bone formation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 4 different residual calcium levels in commercially available DFDBA samples on porcine osteoclast activity as measured by resorption on calcium phosphate-coated disks. Methods: Bone marrow was harvested from the femurs of 3-week-old farm pigs and cultured for 3 weeks. Hematopoietic stem cells were allowed to differentiate into mature active polykaryons displaying genuine osteoclast characteristics. The osteoclast cells displayed a dense actin band inside the margins of the cytoplasm under light microscopy. Culture media was decanted and collagenase added to free the attached cells. Equal cell samples were pipetted onto calcium phosphate-coated disks in 24-well plates. DFDBA samples with 1.44%, 2.41%, and 5.29% residual calcium; FDBA (30% residual calcium); and control cultures without allograft samples were prepared and all samples incubated for 1 week. Cells were fixed and stained for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), Oregon Green 488-phalloidin, a stain for cytoskeletal proteins, and counterstained with propidium iodide. Specimens were examined by light and fluorescence microscopy using epi-illumination. Calcium phosphate disks were then rinsed in 5% sodium hypochlorite to remove adherent osteoclasts, and substrate surface changes were measured by white light interferometry and image analysis. Results: A higher yield of TRAP-positive cells was produced without DFDBA; however, resorptive activity appears to be significantly increased in the presence of 2.41% residual calcium as compared to all other experimental groups (P <0.0065). Conclusion: In this in vitro model, porcine osteoclasts show significantly more resorptive activity as measured on calcium phosphate-coated disks in the presence of 2.41% residual calcium in DFDBA than in other DFDBA residual calcium levels. C1 USA, Dent Activ, Tingay Dent Clin, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. USA, Dent Activ, Ft Bragg, NC USA. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Biochem, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. USA, DD Eisenhower Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Periodont, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Oral Biol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. RP Hokett, SD (reprint author), USA, Dent Activ, Tingay Dent Clin, Bldg 320,E Hosp Rd, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1902/jop.2002.73.2.213 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 526AP UT WOS:000174106500012 PM 11895288 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Yancey, MK Henderson, CE AF Zhang, J Yancey, MK Henderson, CE TI US national trends in Labor induction, 1989-1998 SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE labor, induced; birth certificates; labor ID ELECTIVE INDUCTION; CESAREAN DELIVERY; CERTIFICATE; HOSPITALS; BIRTH; WOMEN; RISK; TERM AB OBJECTIVE: To examine the epidemiology of labor induction in the United States. STUDY DESIGN: We used U.S. natality data from 1989 to 1998 and examined the I-ate of labor induction by year, geographic region, maternal characteristics and pregnancy complications. RESULTS: Between 1990 and 1998, the rate of labor induction increased from 9.5% to 19.4% of all births nationwide. However, the induction rate varied widely by state. White race, higher education and early initiation of prenatal care were associated with a higher rate of induction. For all gestational ages, a significantly increased induction rate occurred during the study period. The increase for clinically indicated induction was significantly slower than the overall increase, suggesting that elective induction has risen much more rapidly. CONCLUSION: The rate of induction of labor more than doubled in the U.S. nationwide in the decade from 1989 to 1998. The increased use of labor induction may be attributable to both clinically indicated and elective induction. C1 NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Gynecol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Bldg 6100,Room 7B03, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 15 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 47 IS 2 BP 120 EP 124 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 525EM UT WOS:000174055800005 PM 11883350 ER PT J AU Tasko, SM Westbury, JR AF Tasko, SM Westbury, JR TI Defining and measuring speech movement events SO JOURNAL OF SPEECH LANGUAGE AND HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE speech; movement; segmentation; kinematics ID KINEMATICS; VELOCITY; LIP; JAW AB A long-held view in speech research is that utterances are built up from a series of discrete units joined together. However, it is difficult to reconcile this view with the observation that speech movement waveforms are smooth and continuous. Developing methods For reliable identification of speech movement units is necessary for describing speech motor behavior and for addressing theoretically relevant questions about its organization. We describe a simple method of parsing movement signals into a series of individual movement "strokes" where a stroke is defined as the period between two successive local minima in the speed history of an articulator point, and use that method to segment speech-related movement of marker points placed on the tongue blade, tongue dorsum, lower lip, and jaw in a group of healthy young speakers. Articulator fleshpoints could be distinguished on the basis of kinematic features (i.e., peak and boundary speed, duration and distance) of the strokes they produce. Further, tongue blade and jaw fleshpoint strokes identified to temporally overlap with acoustic events identified as alveolar fricatives could be distinguished from speech strokes in general on the basis of a number of kinematic measures. Finally, the acoustic timing of alveolar fricatives did not appear to be related to the kinematic features of strokes presumed to be related to their production in any direct way. The advantages and disadvantages of this simple approach to defining movement units are discussed. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Communicat Disorders, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Tasko, SM (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Speech Pathol & Audiol, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1092-4388 J9 J SPEECH LANG HEAR R JI J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 45 IS 1 BP 127 EP 142 DI 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/010) PG 16 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 520YZ UT WOS:000173812500010 PM 14748644 ER PT J AU Watson, CC Biedenharn, DS Bledsoe, BR AF Watson, CC Biedenharn, DS Bledsoe, BR TI Use of incised channel evolution models in understanding rehabilitation alternatives SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE channel evolution; chnnnel rehabilitation; erosion; sedimentation; stream incision ID DISCHARGE; RIVERS AB Incised channels are caused by an imbalance between sediment transport capacity and sediment supply to the stream. The resulting bed and bank erosion alter channel morphology and stability. Geomorphological models of incised channel evolution can provide guidance in the selection of engineering design alternatives for incised channel rehabilitation. This paper describes how incised channel evolution models may be coupled with a dimensionless stability diagram to facilitate evaluation of rehabilitation alternatives. In combination, the models provide complementary views of channel processes from geomorphic and engineering perspectives. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Water Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Watson, CC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 151 EP 160 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb01542.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 531JC UT WOS:000174411400014 ER PT J AU Persi, L Croce, F Scrosati, B Plichta, E Hendrickson, MA AF Persi, L Croce, F Scrosati, B Plichta, E Hendrickson, MA TI Poly(ethylene oxide)-based, nanocomposite electrolytes as improved separators for rechargeable lithium polymer batteries - The Li/LiMn3O6 case SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The synthesis and the properties of nanocomposite polymer electrolytes based on low-particle size fillers having a high concentration of surface states are reported. These electrolytes that are formed by dispersing Al2O3 in a P(EO)(20)LiCF3SO3 [PEO is poly(ethylene oxide)] matrix, show higher conductivity and, particularly, much higher lithium transference number than those of common, ceramic-free P(EO)(20)LiCF3SO3 counterparts. These unique properties make the nanocomposite polymer electrolytes of particular interest as improved separators in novel types of lithium rechargeable batteries. This paper reports the performance of a battery using a P(EO)(20)LiCF3SO3 + 10 wt % Al2O3 as the polymer electrolyte and LiMn3O6 as the cathode. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Chim, I-00185 Rome, Italy. USA, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Persi, L (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Chim, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RI Croce, Fausto/J-8193-2012 NR 18 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 149 IS 2 BP A212 EP A216 DI 10.1149/1.1433833 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 521QX UT WOS:000173853800020 ER PT J AU Wolter, SD Okuzumi, F Prater, JT Sitar, Z AF Wolter, SD Okuzumi, F Prater, JT Sitar, Z TI AC vs. DC bias-enhanced nucleation of highly oriented diamond on silicon (100) SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ELECTRIC-FIELD; GROWTH AB Bias-enhanced nucleation of highly oriented diamond on silicon (100) has been investigated in the context of bias type. The formation of aligned crystallites using conventional dc substrate biasing was facilitated by a preceding carburization. The optimum biasing conditions following a 1 h carburization involved a bias voltage of 2250 V and a stringent bias duration of 3-4 min which produced total nucleation densities of similar to1 X 10(10) cm(-2) and highly oriented diamond percentages of similar to50%. In comparison, the application of a 55-65 min ac substrate bias of 175 V-rms (+/-250 Vpeak-to-peak) resulted in a comparable percentage of oriented crystallites and similar crystallographic alignment. However, in this approach a precarburization was not found to be beneficial. This simplification in the processing of the oriented diamond was further aided by a broader bias duration window for producing the optimum combination of high total nucleation density and highly oriented diamond percentage. (C) 2001 The Electrochemical Society. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wolter, SD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 149 IS 2 BP G114 EP G117 DI 10.1149/1.1430720 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 521QX UT WOS:000173853800045 ER PT J AU Vorontsov, NA AF Vorontsov, NA TI Decoupled stochastic parallel gradient descent optimization for adaptive optics: Integrated approach for wave-front sensor information fusion SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID PHASE-DISTORTION CORRECTION; CONTRAST; SYSTEM; LIGHT AB A new adaptive wave-front control technique and system architectures that offer fast adaptation convergence even for high-resolution adaptive optics is described. This technique is referred to as decoupled stochastic parallel gradient descent (D-SPGD). D-SPGD is based on stochastic parallel gradient descent optimization of performance metrics that depend on wave-front sensor data. The fast convergence rate is achieved through partial decoupling of the adaptive system's control channels by incorporating spatially distributed information from a wave-front sensor into the model-free optimization technique. D-SPGD wave-front phase control can be applied to a general class of adaptive optical systems. The efficiency of this approach is analyzed numerically by considering compensation of atmospheric-turbulence-induced phase distortions with use of both low-resolution (127 control channels) and high-resolution (256 x 256 control channels) adaptive systems. Results demonstrate that phase distortion compensation can be achieved during only 10-20 iterations. The efficiency of adaptive wave-front correction with D-SPGD is practically independent of system resolution. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USA Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, Intelligent Opt Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Vorontsov, NA (reprint author), USA Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, Intelligent Opt Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM mvorontsov@arl.army.mil NR 27 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 EI 1520-8532 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 19 IS 2 BP 356 EP 368 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.19.000356 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 513QR UT WOS:000173390300013 PM 11822599 ER PT J AU Tasaki, O Dubick, MA Goodwin, CW Pruitt, BA AF Tasaki, O Dubick, MA Goodwin, CW Pruitt, BA TI Effects of burns on inhalation injury in sheep: A 5-day study SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE smoke inhalation; thermal injury; malondialdehyde; multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET); sheep ID LUNG WATER CHANGES; SMOKE-INHALATION; THERMAL-INJURY; OVINE MODEL; RESUSCITATION AB Background: We have previously reported that infliction of thermal injury immediately after smoke exposure did not accentuate pulmonary dysfunction during the subsequent 48 h. The purpose of this study was to determine whether thermal injury would aggravate pulmonary dysfunction during a longer postinjury period of 5 days. Methods: Six sheep (G1) received 12 units of smoke inhalation injury (SII) alone; seven sheep (G2) received a 40% full-thickness scald burn immediately after SII. All sheep were resuscitated with lactated Ringer's solution for the first 48 h. After 48 h, animals were fed food and water ad libitum. Cardiopulmonary variables and blood gases were measured serially. At the end of the 5-day experimental period, VA/Q distribution was analyzed using the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET). Lung wet to dry (W/D) weight ratios and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were determined. Results: Cardiac index in G2 significantly increased and remained higher compared with G1. There was no difference in A-aDo(2) between the two groups. There was also no difference between the two groups by MIGET study, or in terms of lung MDA and W/D weight ratios. None of the animals manifested symptoms of infection. Conclusion: Despite the difference in the hemodynamic changes induced by the addition of a 40% burn to smoke inhalation injury, pulmonary dysfunction was not accentuated during the 5-day study period in the absence of infection. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Lib Branch, Ft Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Dubick, MA (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Lib Branch, Ft Sam Houston, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD FEB PY 2002 VL 52 IS 2 BP 351 EP 357 DI 10.1097/00005373-200202000-00023 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 522XQ UT WOS:000173922600031 PM 11835000 ER PT J AU Hays, NP Bathalon, GP Roubenoff, R Lipman, R Roberts, SB AF Hays, NP Bathalon, GP Roubenoff, R Lipman, R Roberts, SB TI The association of eating behavior with risk for morbidity in older women SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; DIETARY RESTRAINT; OVULATORY DISTURBANCES; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; OBESE WOMEN; YOUNG-WOMEN; DISINHIBITION; WEIGHT; HEALTH; QUESTIONNAIRE AB Background. Although an influence of eating behavior on dietary intake and physiology has been documented in several studies. the extent to which eating behavior influences long-term health is uncertain. Methods. Current dietary restraint, disinhibition, and hunger were assessed using the Eating Inventory in 1252 non smoking women aged 55 to 65 years. In addition. subjects reported the presence or absence of 22 specific morbidities, along with general demographic information. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between eating behavior cores and morbidity, adjusting for age, prior smoking status, hormone replacement therapy, education level, and body, mass index (BMI). Results. In adjusted models excluding BMI higher disinhibition cores were associated with small increased risks for hypercholesterolemia (odds ratio [OR] 1.04 p =.045), leg cramps (OR 1.05, p =.044), indigestion (OR 1.06, p =.020), and cataract (OR 1.09, p =.036), and a decreased risk of eczema (OR 0,9 p =.008). In addition, higher hunger scores were associated with increased risk of eczema (OR 1,09, p =.026). However, after adjusting for confounding variables plus BMI higher disinhibition scores were associated with increased risks for low back pain (OR 1,06, p =.031) and constipation (OR 1.10 p =.004). and associations of disinhibition and hunger with eczema were unchanged (OR 0.90. p =.008 and OR 1.09. p =.024, respectively). Dietary restraint was not associated with morbidity in any model. Conclusions. Higher disinhibition and hunger scores were associated with small alterations in reported morbidity risk in a large population of nonsmoking older women. Although our cross-sectional study design makes the directionality of these relationships unclear, our results suggest at most a relatively minor independent influence of eating behavior constructs long-term health. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [T32AG00209, AG12829]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK46124] NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 57 IS 2 BP M128 EP M133 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 523ZP UT WOS:000173987700012 PM 11818433 ER PT J AU Burgess, LPA Syms, MJ Holtel, MR Birkmire-Peters, DP Johnson, RE Ramsey, MJ AF Burgess, LPA Syms, MJ Holtel, MR Birkmire-Peters, DP Johnson, RE Ramsey, MJ TI Telemedicine: Teleproctored endoscopic sinus surgery SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Laryntological-Rhinological-and-Otological-Society CY MAY 14-15, 2001 CL PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Laryntol Rhinol Otolog Soc DE telemedicine; telementor; teleproctor; surgical training ID INITIAL CLINICAL-EXPERIENCE AB Objective/Hypothesis. Teleproctored surgery projects a surgeon's expertise to remote locations. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of this technique as compared with the current standard of care. Study Design: Prospective. Methods. A study was conducted in a residency training program comparing conventionally proctored endoscopic sinus surgery cases with teleproctored cases, with the faculty surgeon supervising through audiovisual teleconferencing (VTC) in a control room 15 seconds from the operating room. Results. Forty-two control patients (83 sides) and 45 teleproctored patients (83 sides) were evaluated. There were no internal differences between groups regarding extent of polypoid disease, revision status, procedures per case, degree of difficulty, general or local anesthesia, or microdebrider use. There were no cases of visual disturbance, orbital ecchymosis or hematoma, or cerebrospinal fluid leak. Orbital fat herniation and blood loss were equal between groups. Three teleproctored cases required faculty intervention: two for surgical difficulty, one for VTC problems. Teleproctored cases took 3.87 minutes longer per side (28.54 vs. 24.67 min, P <.024), a 16% increase. This was thought to be a result of nuances of VTC proctoring. Residents had a positive learning experience, with nearly full control of the operating suite combined with remote supervision through telepresence. Faculty thought such supervision was safe but had concerns regarding personal skills maintenance. Conclusions. Teleproctored endoscopic sinus surgery can be safely performed on selected cases with an acceptable increase in time. Teleproctored surgery with remote sites may continue to be safely investigated. Incorporating remote supervision through telepresence into the curriculum of surgical residency training requires further study. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Burgess, LPA (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD FEB PY 2002 VL 112 IS 2 BP 216 EP 219 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 520HL UT WOS:000173775500003 PM 11889372 ER PT J AU Bliese, PD Halverson, RR Schriesheim, CA AF Bliese, PD Halverson, RR Schriesheim, CA TI Special issue - Benchmarking multilevel methods in leadership SO LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Bliese, PD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1048-9843 J9 LEADERSHIP QUART JI Leadersh. Q. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 AR PII S1048-9843(01)00100-X DI 10.1016/S1048-9843(01)00100-X PG 1 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 543PK UT WOS:000175110200001 ER PT J AU Bliese, PD Halverson, RR Schriesheim, CA AF Bliese, PD Halverson, RR Schriesheim, CA TI Benchmarking multilevel methods in leadership - The articles, the model, and the data set SO LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID PATH-GOAL THEORY; SOCIAL SUPPORT; RELIABILITY; STRESS; COEFFICIENTS; CONSEQUENCES; BIAS AB Multilevel data-analytic techniques are rarely simultaneously employed and directly contrasted with each other. In this special issue of The Leadership Quarterly, hierarchical linear models (HLM), within-and-between analysis (WABA), and random group resampling (RGR) are compared and contrasted by testing the hypothesis that leadership moderates the relationship between stressors and well-being-a hypothesis that has important practical implications for the U.S. Army. This first article plays the groundwork for subsequent comparisons by testing for moderating effects using data collected from 2042 U.S. Army soldiers deployed to Haiti in November and December of 1994. Raw-score or individual-level analyses failed to find evidence of moderating effects. However, a preliminary set of group-level analyses indicated that the data had significant group-level properties that had not been modeled in the individual-level analyses. The group-level properties of the data set the stage for the three multilevel data-analytic approaches (FILM, WABA, and RGR) that are employed in three articles that follow and that are then compared and contrasted in the final article of this special issue. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Halverson Consulting, Chicago, IL 60304 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Business Adm, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Bliese, PD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 46 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1048-9843 J9 LEADERSHIP QUART JI Leadersh. Q. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 13 IS 1 BP 3 EP 14 AR PII S1048-9843(01)00101-1 DI 10.1016/S1048-9843(01)00101-1 PG 12 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 543PK UT WOS:000175110200002 ER PT J AU Bliese, PD Halverson, RR AF Bliese, PD Halverson, RR TI Using Random Group Resampling in multilevel research - An example of the buffering effects of leadership climate SO LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Academy-of-Management CY AUG 12, 1996 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Acad Management ID INDIVIDUAL-LEVEL; JOB STRESS AB In this article, we provide a detailed example of how Random Group Resampling (RGR) can be used to empirically identify group effects with an example involving the buffering effects of leadership climate. RGR provides a tool for statistically determining whether group-level relationships are the result of true group phenomenon (group effects) or the result of aggregating individual data to the group level (grouping effects). Here, we present a group-level model of the stress-buffering hypothesis. Using this group-level perspective, we propose that the average perceptions of leadership climate within Army Companies will moderate the relationship between unit task significance and unit hostility. An unweighted group-means analysis revealed significant buffering effects. Following the unweighted group-means analysis, we used RGR to determine whether the significant interaction was a function of the aggregation process (grouping effects) or a function of the group-level properties of the data (group effects). The RGR analysis indicated that the interaction was related to the group-level proper-ties or the data, and was not merely a by-product of the aggregation process. We conclude by discussing the flexibility of RGR and use it to supplement a within and between analyses (WABAs). Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Halverson Consulting Inc, Chicago, IL 60304 USA. RP Bliese, PD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1048-9843 J9 LEADERSHIP QUART JI Leadersh. Q. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 13 IS 1 BP 53 EP 68 AR PII S1048-9843(01)00104-7 DI 10.1016/S1048-9843(01)00104-7 PG 16 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 543PK UT WOS:000175110200005 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI Colditz: The untold story of World War II's great escapes. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 127 IS 2 BP 113 EP 113 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 516AG UT WOS:000173528700158 ER PT J AU Tantillo, M Kesick, CM Hynd, GW Dishman, RK AF Tantillo, M Kesick, CM Hynd, GW Dishman, RK TI The effects of exercise on children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE anxiety; eye blinks; methylphenidate; motor impersistence; personality; sleep disturbance; startle ID ACOUSTIC STARTLE RESPONSE; DOPAMINE-RECEPTORS; CAUDATE-NUCLEUS; FOS EXPRESSION; BLINK RATES; METHYLPHENIDATE; BRAIN; PHARMACOKINETICS; TREADMILL; ADHD AB Purpose: The effects of exercise on children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were evaluated by studying the rate of spontaneous eye blinks, the acoustic startle eye blink response (ASER), and motor impersistence among 8- to 12-yr-old children (10 boys and 8 girls) meeting DSM-III-R criteria for ADHD. Methods: Children ceased methylphenidate medication 24 h before and during each of three daily conditions separated by 24-48 h. After a maximal treadmill walking test to determine cardiorespiratory fitness ((V) over dotO(2peak)), each child was randomly assigned to counterbalanced conditions of treadmill walking at an intensity of 65-75% (V) over dot O-2peak or quiet rest. Responses were compared with a group of control participants (11 boys and 14 girls) equated with the ADHD group on several key variables. Results: Boys with ADHD had increased spontaneous blink rate. decreased ASER latency, and decreased motor impersistence after maximal exercise. Girls with ADHD had increased ASER amplitude and decreased ASER latency after submaximal exercise. Conclusions: The findings suggest an interaction between sex and exercise intensity that is not explained by physical fitness, activity history, or selected personality attributes. The clinical meaning of the eye blink results is not clear, as improvements in motor impersistence occurred only for boys after maximal exercise. Nonetheless, these preliminary findings are sufficiently positive to encourage additional study to determine whether a session of vigorous exercise has efficacy as a dopaminergic adjuvant in the management of behavioral features of ADHD. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Exercise Sci & Special Educ, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Dishman, RK (reprint author), Ramsey Student Ctr, Dept Exercise Sci, 300 River Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 55 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 6 U2 42 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 34 IS 2 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.1097/00005768-200202000-00004 PG 10 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 519RK UT WOS:000173739100004 PM 11828226 ER PT J AU Taylor, AJ Watkins, T Bell, D Carrow, J Bindeman, J Scherr, D Feuerstein, I Wong, H Bhattarai, S Vaitkus, M O'Malley, PG AF Taylor, AJ Watkins, T Bell, D Carrow, J Bindeman, J Scherr, D Feuerstein, I Wong, H Bhattarai, S Vaitkus, M O'Malley, PG TI Physical activity and the presence and extent of calcified coronary atherosclerosis SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE leisure time physical activity; coronary calcium; atherosclerosis; risk factors ID BEAM COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; EASTERN FINNISH MEN; HEART-DISEASE; ARTERY DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CALCIUM; QUESTIONNAIRE; EXERCISE AB TAYLOR, A. J.. T. WATKINS. D. BELL. J. CARROW. J. BINDEMAN. D. SCHERR, I. FEUERSTEIN. H. WONG, S. BHATTARAI, M. VAITKUS. and P. G. O'MALLEY. Physical activity and the presence and extent of calcified coronary atherosclerosis. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 228-233, 2002. Purpose: Regular physical activity leads to a more favorable cardiovascular risk factor profile and a lower risk of developing incident coronary heart disease (CHD). These correlations suggest that higher levels of physical activity should also attenuate the presence and extent of coronary atherosclerosis. Methods: Physical activity was measured using the Baecke Physical Activity Index in 630 consecutive asymptomatic men and women ages 39-45 without known heart disease. The degree of physical activity was compared with the cardiovascular risk factor profile and the presence and extent of subclinical atherosclerosis measured using electron beam computed tomography. Results: Sports-related physical activity was associated with lower body mass index (r = -0.11: P = 0.001), higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (r = 0.13; P = 0.003) and less glucose resistance as assessed by fasting serum insulin levels (r = -0.16; P = 0.001). Leisure-time and work-related physical activity were unrelated to any coronary risk variables. Calcified subclinical atherosclerosis was unrelated to all physical activity dimensions. Comparing the most sedentary (lowest quartile) and most active (highest quartile) patients, the prevalence of coronary calcium (17.0% vs 18.5%; P = 0.92) and mean coronary calcium scores (8 +/- 31 vs 5 +/- 15: P = 0.87) were similar. In a multivariate model controlling for standard cardiovascular risk factors and physical activity level, only low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was associated with the presence of coronary calcium. Conclusion: Physical activity, particularly high-intensity exercise in sports-related activities, promotes a healthy cardiovascular risk profile, including lower body mass index and insulin resistance. but is unrelated to coronary calcification. This suggests that the risk reduction associated with physical activity is mediated by factors other than retarding the development of calcified atherosclerosis. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gen Internal Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Armed Forces Phys Fitness Res Inst, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Taylor, AJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, 6900 Georgia Ave NW,Bldg 2,Room 4A, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 33 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 34 IS 2 BP 228 EP 233 DI 10.1097/00005768-200202000-00008 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 519RK UT WOS:000173739100008 PM 11828230 ER PT J AU Sharp, MA Patton, JF Knapik, JJ Hauret, K Mello, RP Ito, M Frykman, PN AF Sharp, MA Patton, JF Knapik, JJ Hauret, K Mello, RP Ito, M Frykman, PN TI Comparison of the physical fitness of men and women entering the US Army: 1978-1998 SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE exercise; VO2max; strength; muscle contraction; body composition; physical fitness ID AEROBIC FITNESS; ADULTS AB SHARP, M. A., J. F. PATTON, J. J. KNAPIK, K. HAURET, R. P. MELLO, M. ITO, and P. N. FRYKMAN. Comparison of the physical fitness of men and women entering the U.S. Army: 1978-1998. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.. Vol. 34. No. 2, pp. 356-363. 2002. Purpose: To compare the physical fitness levels of recruits entering the U.S. Army in 1998 to those entering in 1978 and 1983. Methods: In 1998, 182 men and 168 women were tested before beginning basic training at Fort Jackson, SC. The measurements were 1) skin-fold estimation of percent body fat (%BF): 2) maximum oxygen uptake by treadmill running (VO2max): and 3) upper-body (UB), lower-body (LB), and upright pulling (UP) isometric strength. These data were compared to data from basic trainees at Fort Jackson in 1978 (skin folds, VO2max, UB, and LB) and 1983 (skin folds and UP). Results: Body weight (BW) of 1998 recruits was greater (P < 0.05) than 1978 recruits (men, 12%: women, 6%) and 1983 recruits (men, 8%: women, 7%), %BF of 1998 recruits was greater (P < 0.05) than 1978 recruits (men. 15%, women: 517,) and 1983 recruits (men, 15%: women, 1717,). The 1998 men had more fat-free mass (FFM) (P < 0,05) than men in 1978 (8%) or 1983 (5%), whereas 1998 women were only different from those measured in 1978 (4%, P < 0,05). The VO2max of men (50.6 = 6.2 mL.kg(-1).min(-1)) was equivalent to men in 1978, whereas that of women (39.7 = 5.2 mL.kg(-1).min(-1)) was 6% greater (P < 0.05). The 1998 recruits were stronger (P < 0.05) on all measures of muscle strength than recruits measured in 1978 (men, UB = 16%. LB = 12%; women, UB = 18%. LB = 6%) and 1983 (men, UP = 7%: women, UP = 6%). Conclusion: The aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and FFM of 1998 recruits is comparable to or greater than that of 1978 and 1983 recruits: however, 1998 recruits tended to have more BW and a greater %BF. C1 USARIEM, MRMC, UE, MPD, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Sharp, MA (reprint author), USARIEM, MRMC, UE, MPD, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 28 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 34 IS 2 BP 356 EP 363 DI 10.1097/00005768-200202000-00026 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 519RK UT WOS:000173739100026 PM 11828248 ER PT J AU Smith, TA Cashman, TM AF Smith, TA Cashman, TM TI The incidence of injury in light infantry soldiers SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EXERCISE-RELATED INJURIES; PHYSICAL-FITNESS; RISK-FACTORS; ARMY; TRAINEES; MEN AB U.S Army soldiers lose substantial training hours as a result of musculoskeletal injuries. Most military injury data have focused on basic trainee populations. This study examines activities associated with injuries in operational infantry soldiers. We conducted a randomized, retrospective medical record review of 339 records from a total of 3,195 light infantry soldiers over 13 months. The annualized incidence of injuries was 95 per 100 soldiers per year vs. 74 per 100 for illness. There were 372 injuries, representing 56% of sick-call diagnoses. Physical training caused 50% of all injuries, and 30% of those were linked to running. Injuries caused nearly 10 times the number of limited duty days as illness. Soldiers with lower extremity running injuries spent seven times more days on profile than those with nonrunning injuries. We conclude that physical training is related to a high number of injuries in infantry soldiers. This study provides important data on activities and injuries in operational infantry soldiers. C1 USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Phys Therapy Tech Program, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Smith, TA (reprint author), USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Phys Therapy Tech Program, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 167 IS 2 BP 104 EP 108 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DN UT WOS:000181420100004 PM 11873530 ER PT J AU Tripp, HF Obney, JA Febinger, DL Lisagor, PG Cohen, DJ AF Tripp, HF Obney, JA Febinger, DL Lisagor, PG Cohen, DJ TI Differences in length of stay between coronary bypass and valve procedures SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Congress of Heart Disease CY MAY 19, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID CARDIAC-SURGERY; MORTALITY; PREDICTORS; EXTUBATION; MORBIDITY; OUTCOMES AB Objective: Emphasis on cost reduction, national standardization of medical care, and quality improvement initiatives have led to reduced postoperative hospital stays after cardiac surgery. The present study was designed to verify the observation that valve patients have longer lengths, of stay than bypass patients and to identify possible reasons. Methods: The inpatient records of 26 consecutive patients who underwent valve procedures at our institution were reviewed and compared with the records of 25 consecutive coronary bypass patients. Patients whose postoperative stays were longer than 2 weeks were considered outliers and were excluded from further review. Results: A total of 51 records were reviewed. There were no in-hospital deaths. Five patients in the valve group and two in the bypass group were excluded because of lengths of stay exceeding 14 days. The mean length of stay for the valve procedure group was 7.7 +/- 2.1 days, vs. 5.7 +/- 1.5 days for the coronary bypass group (p = 0.001). There were no reoperative procedures in either group, and the number of emergency procedures was higher in the bypass group. Both groups were similar with respect to age and sex. The frequencies of associated pulmonary disease and malnutrition were similar. Bypass patients had a higher incidence of vascular disease and/or renal disease. Sixty percent of valve procedures were complex operations. Valve patients had a higher incidence of cardiopulmonary bypass times exceeding 3 hours and more postoperative bleeding complications. Although not statistically significant, valve procedure patients were more likely to require prolonged mechanical ventilatory and circulatory support postoperatively. The frequencies of thrombotic complications, neurological complications, and nosocomial infections were similar for both groups. Postoperatively, more valve patients had atrial fibrillation, and all of them received anticoagulation. Multivariate analysis revealed only two factors to be significant with regard to length of stay: valvular surgery and the duration of postoperative ventilatory support. Conclusions: Cardiac valve procedures are associated with prolonged lengths of stay compared with isolated coronary bypass procedures. Despite recent trends toward earlier operation, valve patients tended to present with advanced disease. More than half of the valve patients required complex surgical procedures. This is reflected in longer bypass times, increased bleeding complications, and more postoperative support. The proportion of valvular surgery patients should be considered when analyzing lengths of stay for cardiac surgery cohorts. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Tripp, HF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 167 IS 2 BP 109 EP 112 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DN UT WOS:000181420100005 PM 11873531 ER PT J AU Martinelli, AM Agazio, J Flaherty, N Ephraim, PM AF Martinelli, AM Agazio, J Flaherty, N Ephraim, PM TI Testing a model of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in military women with children SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SELF-EFFICACY; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; NON-JOINERS; CESSATION; BEHAVIOR; RELAPSE; INFANTS AB The purpose of this study was to test a model of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in military women and their children. The convenience sample consisted of 238 women, 81 smokers and 157 nonsmokers, with a mean age of 37 years (SD = 9.9). Participants were either on active duty or were reservists and/or military dependents. Model constructs, some of which were adapted from the transtheoretical model of behavior change, measured personal and situational factors, pros and cons of ETS exposure, self-efficacy to resist ETS, mother's expectation for child's ETS exposure, and mother's self-efficacy to reduce child's ETS exposure. The mediating variable was the mother's daily ETS exposure, and the outcome variable was the child's daily ETS exposure. The trimmed model showed that 32% of the variance in mother's daily exposure (mediating variable) was accounted for by living with a smoker, having high ETS "pros" (as opposed to ETS "cons"), having less self-efficacy to resist ETS, and having greater self-efficacy to reduce the child's exposure. There was a significant, positive relationship (r = 0.51, p = 0.01) between the mother's and child's daily ETS exposure (outcome variable). C1 NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Martinelli, AM (reprint author), NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 167 IS 2 BP 113 EP 120 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DN UT WOS:000181420100006 PM 11873532 ER PT J AU Russell, CS Calhoun, B AF Russell, CS Calhoun, B TI Management of ectopic pregnancy at a military medical center SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Objective: Advances in laparoscopic surgical techniques and ultrasound technology along with the popularization of treatment with methotrexate have revolutionized accepted algorithms for treating ectopic pregnancy. I analyzed the management of ectopic pregnancy at a military medical center. Methods: A retrospective chart review of ectopic pregnancies at Womack Army Medical Center between January 1997 and July 1999 was conducted. Results: A total of 129 cases of ectopic pregnancy were found. Of those, 77 patients received primary surgical management, 51 patients received primary therapy with methotrexate, and 1 patient was managed expectantly. Eleven patients failed methotrexate therapy and went on to surgical therapy. Of the 88 patients ultimately treated surgically, 76 underwent laparoscopic procedures, 12 received laparotomy, and 11 more converted from laparoscopy to laparotomy. Conclusion: The advent of methotrexate therapy has greatly facilitated the treatment of ectopic pregnancy and altered our institutional algorithm; however, primary surgery is still used more often. C1 Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Gynecol Serv, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. RP Russell, CS (reprint author), Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Gynecol Serv, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 167 IS 2 BP 129 EP 131 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DN UT WOS:000181420100008 PM 11873534 ER PT J AU Meadows, AB Stanton, BK Styles, JR Finstuen, K AF Meadows, AB Stanton, BK Styles, JR Finstuen, K TI Predictors of course completion for the US Army pharmacy specialist course SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The purpose of this study was to determine predictors of successful completion of the U.S. Army Medical Department pharmacy specialist (919) training program. The sample consisted of 143 students from four course iterations, and only students enrolled in the course for the first time were included for analysis. The relationship between 16 predictor variables and successful completion was assessed. Five variables, the ranks of private (E1) and specialist (E4), cross-trainee status, gender, and Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) general technical (GT) score, were found to be significant predictors using simple linear regression. Using hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis, three variables, service component, gender, and ASVAB GT score, were found to have a significant unique shared variance with success. The results of this study indicate that ASVAB GT scores are predictive of success (p < 0.01) in the 91Q training program. Using these predictors, the selection process may be modified to improve the likelihood of student success in the course. C1 USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, USA Baylor Univ Program, Hlth Care Adm, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, USA Baylor Univ Program, Dept Clin Support Serv,Pharm Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Meadows, AB (reprint author), USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, USA Baylor Univ Program, Hlth Care Adm, 3151 Scott Rd, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 167 IS 2 BP 140 EP 144 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DN UT WOS:000181420100011 PM 11873537 ER PT J AU Hwang, I Daniels, AM Holtzmuller, KC AF Hwang, I Daniels, AM Holtzmuller, KC TI "Ecstasy"-induced hepatitis in an active duty soldier SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEPATOTOXICITY AB 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, or "Ecstasy," is a drug commonly used at "rave" parties to heighten energy and intimacy. Although its complications have been well described in Europe, including less common side effects such as hepatic failure and rhabdomyolysis, physicians in the United States have less experience with this drug because of the shorter duration of its use in this country. We present a case of an active duty soldier who was admitted for acute hepatitis secondary to Ecstasy ingestion and describe its proposed pathophysiology. We believe that with the increased use of Ecstasy in the United States, especially among younger patients, including soldiers, military physicians will need to be more familiar with this potentially deadly drug. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Gastroenterol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Womack Army Me dCtr, Dept Med, Serv Gastroenterol, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. RP Hwang, I (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Gastroenterol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 167 IS 2 BP 155 EP 156 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DN UT WOS:000181420100014 PM 11873540 ER PT J AU Sherman, PM Belden, CJ Nelson, DA AF Sherman, PM Belden, CJ Nelson, DA TI Magnetic resonance Imaging findings in a case of cytarabine-induced myelopathy SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INTRATHECAL CHEMOTHERAPY; CYTOSINE-ARABINOSIDE; TOXICITY AB A 44-year-old white male with an isolated central nervous system relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was treated with intrathecal cytarabine. He developed Staphylococcus epidermidis meningitis, which was treated successfully with intrathecal vancomycin. Four weeks after the initiation of intrathecal cytarabine, the patient developed progressive ascending paralysis to the upper cervical level. Initial magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine were normal, and cerebrospinal fluid evaluation showed no evidence of ongoing infection and clearance of lymphoblasts. Three weeks later, magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated marked edema and peripheral enhancement of the spinal cord, consistent with cytarabine toxicity. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Hematol Oncol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Sherman, PM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 167 IS 2 BP 157 EP 160 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DN UT WOS:000181420100015 PM 11873541 ER PT J AU Gerhardt, RT De Lorenzo, RA AF Gerhardt, RT De Lorenzo, RA TI Takayasu arteritis presenting as a recurrent respiratory tract infection: A diagnosis facilitated by bedside echocardiography and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Takayasu arteritis is a rare autoimmune disease affecting large and moderate sized arteries, often involving the aorta or coronary vasculature. We report a case of an adolescent male with a history of recurrent respiratory tract infections who presented with fever, cough, and shortness of breath and who was diagnosed with acute aortic valve failure and coronary ischemia. Ultimately, the patient's condition was attributed to Takayasa arteritis. This typical presentation of an atypical disease provides valuable teaching points, including the use of bedside echocardiography for the diagnosis of acute aortic insufficiency and the differential diagnosis of increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate. It also serves to remind clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for unusual disease processes in patients who fail to respond to empiric therapy for recurrent subacute illnesses. C1 San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. Texas Tech Univ, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Emergency Med, El Paso, TX USA. USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Dept Med Sci, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Gerhardt, RT (reprint author), BAMC, DEM, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 167 IS 2 BP 170 EP 171 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DN UT WOS:000181420100019 PM 11873545 ER PT J AU Kim, DH Baechler, MF Berkowitz, MJ Rooney, RC Judd, DB AF Kim, DH Baechler, MF Berkowitz, MJ Rooney, RC Judd, DB TI Coxa saltans externa treated with Z-plasty of the iliotibial tract in a military population SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SNAPPING HIP AB Coxa saltans, or snapping hip, can be attributable to a number of causes. Coxa saltans externa typically occurs when the thickened portion of the iliotibial band snaps over the greater trochanter as the hip is flexed. This condition generally resolves with a course of nonoperative treatment. We have treated three patients with Z-plasty of the iliotibial band, which has the highest published success rate in the English language literature. Only one of three patients was able to return to full activities postoperatively. In our small series, this method of surgical treatment in an active duty military population yielded less than optimal results. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Orthoped Surg Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Kim, DH (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Orthoped Surg Serv, MCHK-DSO,1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 167 IS 2 BP 172 EP 173 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DN UT WOS:000181420100020 PM 11873546 ER PT J AU Villines, TC Oster, CN AF Villines, TC Oster, CN TI A 20-year-old male with fever and hearing loss SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Villines, TC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 167 IS 2 BP 174 EP 177 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DN UT WOS:000181420100021 PM 11873547 ER PT J AU Richard, JF Mainguy, G Gibert, M Marvaud, JC Stiles, BG Popoff, MR AF Richard, JF Mainguy, G Gibert, M Marvaud, JC Stiles, BG Popoff, MR TI Transcytosis of iota-toxin across polarized CaCo-2 cells SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOTULINUM C2 TOXIN; CLOSTRIDIUM-SPIROFORME TOXIN; TIGHT JUNCTIONS; SMALL GTPASES; ADP-RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; CELLULAR UPTAKE; BINARY TOXIN; MDCK CELLS; ACTIN; RHO AB Iota-toxin from Clostridium perfringens type E is a binary toxin consisting of two independent proteins, an enzymatic la and binding Ib component. la catalyses ADP-ribosylation of actin monomers, thus disrupting the actin cytoskeleton. In this report, we show that Ia plus Ib applied apically or basolaterally induce a rapid decrease in the transepithelial resistance (TER) of CaCo-2 cell monolayers and disorganization of actin filaments as well as the tight and adherens junctions. Ib alone, on the apical or basolateral side, slowly decreased the TER without affecting the actin cytoskeleton, possibly via pore formation. Interestingly, the two iota-toxin components inoculated separately on each cell surface induced cytopathic effects and a TER decrease. Anti-Ib sera, raised against the whole molecule or the la docking domain and applied to the opposite cell side versus Ib, neutralized the TER decrease. In addition, radioactive Ib incubated in the basolateral compartment was detected on the apical side by selective cell surface biotinylation. This argues for a transcytotic routing of Ib to mediate internalization of la from the opposite cell surface. Bafilomycin A1 also prevented the cytopathic effects of Ia and Ib applied separately to each cell side, possibly by blocking translocation of la into the cytosol and/or the intracellular transport of Ib. Ib is either routed into the cell independently of la, transcytosed and permanently exposed on the opposite cell surface or continuously recycled between an endosomal compartment and the cell surface. C1 Inst Pasteur, CNR Anaerobies, F-75724 Paris 15, France. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Toxinol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Popoff, MR (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, CNR Anaerobies, 28 Rue Dr Roux, F-75724 Paris 15, France. EM mpopoff@pasteur.fr NR 48 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 43 IS 4 BP 907 EP 917 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02806.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 526XT UT WOS:000174155700008 PM 11929541 ER PT J AU Dietrich, CS Yancey, MK Miyazawa, K Williams, DL Farley, J AF Dietrich, CS Yancey, MK Miyazawa, K Williams, DL Farley, J TI Risk factors for early cytologic abnormalities after loop electrosurgical excision procedure SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLD KNIFE CONIZATION; FOLLOW-UP; TRANSFORMATION ZONE; LEEP; DYSPLASIA AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate risk factors for early cytologic abnormalities and recurrent cervical dysplasia after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of all pathology records for LEEPs performed at our institution from January 1996 through July 1998. Follow-up cytology from 2 through 12 months after LEEP was reviewed. Patients with abnormal cytology were referred for further colposcopic evaluation. Statistical analysis using chi(2) test for trend, proportional hazards model test, Fisher exact tests, and life table analysis were performed to identify risk factors for early cytologic abnormalities after LEEP and to determine relative risk of recurrent dysplasia. RESULTS: A total of 298 women underwent LEEP during the study period, and 29% of these had cytologic abnormalities after LEEP. Grade of dysplasia, ectocervical marginal status, endocervical marginal status, and glandular involvement with dysplasia were not found to be independent risk factors for early cytologic abnormalities. However, when risk factors were analyzed cumulatively, the abnormal cytology rate increased from 24% with no risk factors to 67% with three risk factors present (P = .037). Of patients with abnormal cytology after LEEP, 40% developed subsequent dysplasia, and the mean time to diagnosis was approximately 6 months. The relative risk of subsequent dysplasia ranged from a 20% increase to twice die risk if post-LEEP cytology was low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, respectively. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, consideration should be given for early colposcopic examination of patients who have evidence of marginal involvement or endocervical glandular involvement with dysplasia. These patients are at increased risk for abnormal cytology and recurrent dysplasia. This initial visit should occur at 6 months, as the mean time to recurrence of dysplasia was 6.5 months. (C) 2002 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Farley, J (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jarett White Rd,TAMC, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 11 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 99 IS 2 BP 188 EP 192 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(01)01716-1 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 516CB UT WOS:000173533100004 PM 11814494 ER PT J AU Brown, BA Marx, JL Ward, TP Hollifield, RD Dick, JS Brozetti, JJ Howard, RS Thach, AB AF Brown, BA Marx, JL Ward, TP Hollifield, RD Dick, JS Brozetti, JJ Howard, RS Thach, AB TI Homocysteine: A risk factor for retinal venous occlusive disease SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; METAANALYSIS AB Purpose: Recent studies have shown a relationship between elevated levels of homocysteine and vascular disease including cerebrovascular accidents and myocardial infarctions. We evaluated patients with a recent retinal vein occlusion to determine if there was an associated elevation of homocysteine. Design: Age and gender matched case-controlled study. Participants: Twenty patients with retinal venous occlusive disease within the previous 6-month period and 40 control patients without retinal venous occlusive disease were enrolled in the study. Methods: Twenty patients with a history of retinal vein occlusion underwent laboratory testing to determine serum homocysteine levels. In addition, a health survey was completed and several laboratory tests relating to vascular disease including cholesterol were checked. Two control groups were selected. The first group included patients with diabetes and no history of retinal vascular occlusive disease. The second control group included nondiabetic patients who also had no prior history of retinal vascular occlusive-disease. Main Outcome Measures: The main parameter measured in this study is fasting homocysteine. Results: Fifteen of 20 patients (75%) with retinal vein occlusion disease had an elevated fasting serum homocysteine level, whereas only 5 of 40 control patients (13%) had an abnormal homocysteine level (P < 0.0005). Conclusions: Patients with retinal venous occlusive disease have higher levels of homocysteine, which may serve as a modifiable risk factor. (C) 2002 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Lahey Clin Fdn, Dept Ophthalmol, Burlington, MA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Biometr Sect, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Brown, BA (reprint author), Moncrief Army Community Hosp, Ophthalmol Serv, 4500 Stuart St, Ft Jackson, SC USA. NR 16 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD FEB PY 2002 VL 109 IS 2 BP 287 EP 290 DI 10.1016/S0161-6420(01)00923-X PG 4 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 515KZ UT WOS:000173495900030 PM 11825810 ER PT J AU Liu, W Petit, S Becker, A Akozbek, N Bowden, CM Chin, SL AF Liu, W Petit, S Becker, A Akozbek, N Bowden, CM Chin, SL TI Intensity clamping of a femtosecond laser pulse in condensed matter SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID WHITE-LIGHT CONTINUUM; ULTRASHORT PULSES; TERAWATT LASER; SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION; UNDERDENSE PLASMA; CONICAL EMISSION; DISPERSIVE MEDIA; FOCUSING LIMITS; MOVING FOCUS; AIR AB We measured the supercontinuum spectrum of an intense femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser pulse propagating in condensed optical media (water, chloroform and glass), at various input laser energies, below and above the threshold for filamentation of the laser pulse. It is found that the maximum positive frequency shift of the supercontinuum spectrum remains constant at pulse energies that generate single and mutiple filamentation. The constant shift is due to clamping of the peak intensity inside the filaments. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Laval, Dept Phys Phys Genie & Opt, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Univ Laval, Ctr Opt Photon & Laser, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM WS RD ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Liu, W (reprint author), Univ Laval, Dept Phys Phys Genie & Opt, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. RI Liu, Weiwei/G-7660-2011; Becker, Andreas/K-4402-2013; Petit, Stephane/A-6578-2017 OI Liu, Weiwei/0000-0001-6036-9641; Petit, Stephane/0000-0003-0573-8592 NR 52 TC 178 Z9 181 U1 5 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 202 IS 1-3 BP 189 EP 197 AR PII S0030-4018(01)01698-4 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(01)01698-4 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 523LV UT WOS:000173956200023 ER PT J AU D'Aguanno, G Centini, M Bloemer, MJ Myneni, K Scalora, M Bowden, CM Sibilia, C Bertolotti, M AF D'Aguanno, G Centini, M Bloemer, MJ Myneni, K Scalora, M Bowden, CM Sibilia, C Bertolotti, M TI Transit time of chirped pulses through one-dimensional, nonabsorbing barriers SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Experiments show that the transit times of chirped, narrow-band pulses that move across nonabsorbing, one-dimensional barriers are modified dramatically by the interplay between the chirp and the transmission function of the sample. In an experiment we monitored 0.9-ns chirped, nearly Gaussian pulses as they traversed a 450-mum GaAs etalon. At certain wavelengths pulse transit times can be superluminal or even negative. To explain these phenomena we have proposed a generalization of the transit time for chirped pulses that is still meaningful even when the transit times are superluminal or negative. Our predictions agree well with the experimental results. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, INFM, Dipartimento Energet, I-00161 Rome, Italy. USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Weapons Sci Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Univ Roma La Sapienza, INFM, Dipartimento Energet, Via A Scarpa 16, I-00161 Rome, Italy. EM giuseppe.daguanno@uniroma1.it; mscalora@ws.redstone.army.mil OI D'Aguanno, Giuseppe/0000-0002-7132-0103; CENTINI, MARCO/0000-0003-0625-0054 NR 5 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 176 EP 178 DI 10.1364/OL.27.000176 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 514PA UT WOS:000173449200010 PM 18007747 ER PT J AU Anyamba, A Linthicum, KJ Mahoney, R Tucker, CJ Kelley, PW AF Anyamba, A Linthicum, KJ Mahoney, R Tucker, CJ Kelley, PW TI Mapping potential risk of Rift Valley fever outbreaks in African savannas using vegetation index time series data SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; EAST-AFRICA; RAINFALL FLUCTUATIONS; DOMESTIC-ANIMALS; SATELLITE DATA; WEST-AFRICA; NOAA AVHRR; KENYA; VIRUS AB Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreaks in East Africa are closely coupled with above normal rainfall that is associated with the occurrence of the warm phase of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. Outbreaks elsewhere in central and southern Africa are also linked to elevated rainfall patterns. Major RVF activity has been reported to occur throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa, except in areas with extensive tropical forest, In this study we used normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time-series data derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instrument on polar orbiting National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites to map areas with a potential for an RVF outbreak. A 19-year NDVI climatology was created and used to discriminate between areas with tropical forest, savanna, and desert. Because most RVF outbreaks have occurred in regions dominated by savanna vegetation, we created a mask to identify those areas where RVF would likely occur within the savanna ecosystems. NDVI anomalies were then calculated for the entire time Series from July 1981 to the July 2000. Subsequently, we developed a methodology that detects areas with persistent positive NDVI anomalies (greater than + 0.1 NDVI units) using a three-month moving window to flag regions at greatest risk. Algorithms were designed to account for periods of extended above normal NDVI (by inference rainfall) and to consider the complex life cycle of mosquitoes that maintain and transmit RVF virus to domestic animals and people. We present results for different ENSO warm- and cold-event periods. The results indicate that regions of potential outbreaks have occurred predominantly during warm ENSO events in East Africa and during cold ENSO events in southern Africa. Results provide a likely historical reconstruction of areas where RVF may have occurred during the last 19 years. There is a close agreement between confirmed outbreaks between 1981 and 2000, particularly in East Africa, and the risk maps produced in this study. This technique is adaptable to near real-time monitoring on a monthly basis and may be a useful tool in RVF disease surveillance. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci Technol Ctr, UMBC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Def Global Engn Infect Syst, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Sci, Vector Borne Dis Sect, Ontario, CA 91764 USA. Global Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Anyamba, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci Technol Ctr, UMBC, Code 923-0, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 58 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 68 IS 2 BP 137 EP 145 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 518DB UT WOS:000173650400006 ER PT J AU Tucker, CJ Wilson, JM Mahoney, R Anyamba, A Linthicum, K Myers, MF AF Tucker, CJ Wilson, JM Mahoney, R Anyamba, A Linthicum, K Myers, MF TI Climatic and ecological context of the 1994-1996 Ebola outbreaks SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; COTE-DIVOIRE; VIRUS; CONGO; RADIATION; INFECTION; DISEASE; KIKWIT; SEARCH AB Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks occurred in 1975-1979 and 1994-1996 within tropical Africa, It was determined from Landsat satellite data that all outbreaks occurred in tropical forest with a range of human intrusions. Meteorological satellite data, spanning the 1981 to 2000 time period, showed that marked and sudden climate changes from drier to wetter conditions were associated with the Ebola outbreaks in the 1990s. The extent of the marked climate changes suggest that Ebola outbreaks are possible over large areas of equitorial Africa, Our analysis is limited by only having one Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreak during our period of study. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Terr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. WHO, Ebola Tai Forest Project, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. US Dept Def, Global Emerging Infect Syst, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Res Data Syst Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Tucker, CJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Terr Phys Lab, Code 923, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM compton@ltpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 34 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 68 IS 2 BP 147 EP 152 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 518DB UT WOS:000173650400007 ER PT J AU Davis, VT Ashokkumar, J Thompson, JS AF Davis, VT Ashokkumar, J Thompson, JS TI Fine-structure-resolved measurements of photoelectron angular distributions by single-photon detachment of Sn- at visible wavelengths SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONS; PHOTODETACHMENT; ION AB The spectral dependence of the angular distributions of photoelectrons produced by the single-photon detachment of Sn- [core, (5s(2), 5p(3))] ions has been measured at four discrete photon wavelengths ranging from 457.9 to 514.5 nm (2.71-2.41 eV) using a crossed laser-ion beams apparatus. Values of the fine-structure-resolved asymmetry parameters have been determined by fits to the photoelectron yield as a function of the angle between the photon polarization vector and the linear momentum vector of the collected photoelectrons. The measured asymmetry parameters for Sn- are compared to previous asymmetry parameter measurements for negative ions with similar electronic configurations. The measurements were also fit to a previously reported model for photoelectron asymmetry parameters for photodetaching p-orbital electrons from negative ions. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Chem Phys Program, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Davis, VT (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 024702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.024702 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 522DB UT WOS:000173879500123 ER PT J AU Brennan, MFH AF Brennan, MFH TI Exercise prescriptions for active seniors - A team approach for maximizing adherence SO PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE LA English DT Review ID HEALTH; ADULTS AB Exercise Is perhaps the best'medication' healthcare providers can prescribe for their geriatric patients. Increasing fitness by participating in a regular exercise program can reduce the effects of aging that lead to Functional declines and poor health. By exercising modestly and regularly, elderly patients can substantially lower their risk of death from coronary artery disease, colon cancer, and complications of diabetes. Even for those who start between the ages of 60 and 75, regular exercise can reduce overall mortality rates. Elderly patients can benefit tremendously from a comprehensive exercise prescription. C1 Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USA, Med Corps, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Dewitt Army Community Hosp, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Brennan, MFH (reprint author), 11030 Del Rio Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0091-3847 J9 PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED JI Physician Sportsmed. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 19 EP + PG 9 WC Primary Health Care; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 519TJ UT WOS:000173741300004 ER PT J AU Chehroudi, B Talley, D Coy, E AF Chehroudi, B Talley, D Coy, E TI Visual characteristics and initial growth rates of round cryogenic jets at subcritical and supercritical pressures SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT; BEHAVIOR; LAYERS AB Cryogenic liquids initially at a subcritical temperature were injected through a round tube into an environment at a supercritical temperature and at various pressures ranging from subcritical to supercritical values. Pure N-2 and O-2 were injected into environments composed of N-2, He, Ar, and various mixtures of CO+N-2. The results were photographically observed and documented near the exit region using a CCD camera illuminated by a short duration backlit strobe light. At low subcritical chamber pressures, the jets showed surface irregularities that amplified downstream, exhibiting intact, shiny, but wavy (sinuous) surface features that eventually broke up into irregularly shaped small entities. A further increase of chamber pressure at constant jet initial and ambient temperatures caused the formation of many small droplets to be ejected from the surface of the jet similar to what is observed in the second wind-induced jet breakup regime. As the chamber pressure was further increased, the transition to a full atomization regime was inhibited near but slightly below the critical pressure. The jet structure at this point changed and began to resemble a turbulent gas jet with no detectable droplets. The reason was attributed to the reduction of the surface tension and enthalpy of vaporization as the critical pressure of the injectant is approached. The initial divergence angle of the jet was measured at the jet exit and compared with the divergence angle of a large number of other mixing layer flows, including atomized liquid sprays, turbulent incompressible gaseous jets, supersonic jets, and incompressible but variable density jets. The divergence angle for all these cases was plotted over four orders of magnitude in the gas-to-liquid density ratio, the first time such a plot has been reported over this large a range of density ratios. At and above the critical pressure of the injectant, the jet growth rate measurements agreed quantitatively with the theory for incompressible but variable density gaseous mixing layers. This is the first time a quantitative parameter has been used to demonstrate that the similarity between the two flows extends beyond a mere qualitative physical appearance. Finally, as the pressure is reduced to progressively more subcritical values, the spreading rate approaches that measured by others for liquid sprays. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Engn Res Corp, AFRL PRSA, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. USA, Res Lab, AFRL PRSA, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Chehroudi, B (reprint author), Engn Res Corp, AFRL PRSA, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 29 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD FEB PY 2002 VL 14 IS 2 BP 850 EP 861 DI 10.1063/1.1430735 PG 12 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 512GP UT WOS:000173316900037 ER PT J AU Miglis, M Wilder, D Reid, T Bakaltcheva, I AF Miglis, M Wilder, D Reid, T Bakaltcheva, I TI Effect of taurine on platelets and the plasma coagulation system SO PLATELETS LA English DT Article ID SHAPE CHANGE; AGGREGATION; CALCIUM; BLOOD AB It is not yet clear what exact mechanisms are at work in hibernating animals that prevent clot formation and maintain tissue perfusion under conditions of very slow blood flow and increased blood viscosity brought about by the low temperatures. It has been shown that the total amino acid pool increases more then two fold in hibernating animals with taurine accounting for about 50% of this increase [Storey et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988; 85(21): 8350-4]. This work investigates the effect of taurine on platelets and the plasma coagulation system. Taurine was added at different concentrations in the range between 5 and 25 mM to donor plasma. Using STA/STA Compact coagulation analyzer the following tests were performed: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and thrombin time (TT). At the highest concentration tested (25 mM) taurine prolonged TT by 9%. The prolongation was statistically significant but not clinically significant retaining TT within normal limits (16.7-20.7 s). PT and APTT remained unchanged by taurine. The effect of taurine on platelets was assessed by platelet aggregation by thrombin, extent of platelet shape change (ESC) induced by ADP, and thrombelastography. Taurine at 5 mM final concentration inhibited platelet aggregation by 10%. Increasing taurine concentration to 25 mM did not result in a further augmentation of the inhibitory effect. ESC was unaffected by taurine. Clot strength determined by thrombelastography also remained unchanged by taurine. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bakaltcheva, I (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0953-7104 J9 PLATELETS JI Platelets PD FEB PY 2002 VL 13 IS 1 BP 5 EP 10 DI 10.1080/09537100120112558 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Hematology SC Cell Biology; Hematology GA 517FU UT WOS:000173601100001 PM 11918831 ER PT J AU Deitzel, JM Kosik, W McKnight, SH Tan, NCB DeSimone, JM Crette, S AF Deitzel, JM Kosik, W McKnight, SH Tan, NCB DeSimone, JM Crette, S TI Electrospinning of polymer nanofibers with specific surface chemistry SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE electrospinning; random copolymer; surface segregation ID BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; END-GROUPS; SEGREGATION; FIBERS; BLENDS; FILMS; XPS AB Electrospinning is a process by which sub-micron polymer fibers can be produced using an electrostatically driven jet of polymer solution (or polymer melt). Electrospun textiles are of interest in a wide variety of applications including semi-permeable membranes, filters, composite applications, and as scaffolding for tissue engineering. The goal of the research presented here is to demonstrate that it is possible to produce sub-micron fibers with a specific surface chemistry through electrospinning. This has been accomplished by electrospinning a series of random copolymers of PMMA-r-TAN from a mixed solvent of toluene and dimethyl formamide. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis shows that the atomic percentage of fluorine in the near surface region of the electrospun fibers is about double the atomic percentage of fluorine found in a bulk sample of the random copolymer, as determined by elemental analysis. These results are in good agreement with XPS and water contact angle results obtained from thin films of the same copolymer materials. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Res Lab, Polymer Res Branch, AMSRL,WM,MA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Tan, NCB (reprint author), WL Gore & Associates, 501 Vieves Way, Elkton, MD 21922 USA. NR 22 TC 166 Z9 172 U1 11 U2 82 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD FEB PY 2002 VL 43 IS 3 BP 1025 EP 1029 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00594-8 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 500CC UT WOS:000172607500046 ER PT J AU Witmer, BG Sadowski, WJ Finkelstein, NM AF Witmer, BG Sadowski, WJ Finkelstein, NM TI VE-based training strategies for acquiring survey knowledge SO PRESENCE-TELEOPERATORS AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article ID VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS; NAVIGATION; REAL; SPACES AB Virtual environments (VEs) have been used successfully to train wayfinders to navigate through buildings and learn their layout. However, at the same time, for many, the VE deficiencies have reduced the effectiveness of VEs for training spatial tasks. In an effort to improve VE effectiveness, we conducted research to determine if certain unique capabilities of VEs could compensate for its deficiencies. Research participants were required to learn the layout or configuration of one floor of an office building as portrayed in a VE. To improve spatial learning, we developed three VE navigation training aids: local and global orientation cues, aerial views, and a themed environment enhanced with sights and sounds and divided into four distinct sectors. The navigation aids were provided during the training but were not available during testing of survey knowledge. Of the three training aids investigated, only the aerial views were effective in improving performance on the survey knowledge tests. The effectiveness of the navigation aids seemed to depend on how they were used during training. A retention test given one week after training indicated that spatial knowledge acquired in a VE diminished little over the one-week retention interval. C1 USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Simulator Syst Res Unit, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USA, Simulat Training & Instrumentat Command, Washington, DC USA. RP Witmer, BG (reprint author), USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Simulator Syst Res Unit, Washington, DC 20310 USA. EM Bob_Witmer@stricom.army.mil NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1054-7460 J9 PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT JI Presence-Teleoper. Virtual Env. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1162/105474602317343622 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 534BR UT WOS:000174565200001 ER PT J AU Palka, EJ AF Palka, EJ TI The geography of war in the post-Cold War world. SO PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAPHER LA English DT Book Review DE geopolitics; military geography; political geography; war C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Palka, EJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0033-0124 J9 PROF GEOGR JI Prof. Geogr. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 54 IS 1 BP 120 EP 123 PG 4 WC Geography SC Geography GA 529DC UT WOS:000174283900019 ER PT J AU Patrician, PA AF Patrician, PA TI Multiple imputation for missing data SO RESEARCH IN NURSING & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE missing data; multiple imputation; nonresponse; cumulative logit models ID LIKELIHOOD; VALUES AB Missing data occur frequently in survey and longitudinal research. Incomplete data are problematic, particularly in the presence of substantial absent information or systematic nonresponse patterns. Listwise deletion and mean imputation are the most common techniques to reconcile missing data. However, more recent techniques may improve parameter estimates, standard errors, and test statistics. The purpose of this article is to review the problems associated with missing data, options for handling missing data, and recent multiple imputation methods. It informs researchers' decisions about whether to delete or impute missing responses and the method best suited to doing so. An empirical investigation of AIDS care data outcomes illustrates the process of multiple imputation. (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Patrician, PA (reprint author), USA, Nursing Res Serv, Walter Reed Stn, Nurse Corps, POB 59645, Washington, DC 20012 USA. FU AHRQ HHS [HS02280] NR 24 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0160-6891 J9 RES NURS HEALTH JI Res. Nurs. Health PD FEB PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 76 EP 84 DI 10.1002/nur.10015 PG 9 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 517UH UT WOS:000173628200009 PM 11807922 ER PT J AU Kinney, AG Leschine, TM AF Kinney, AG Leschine, TM TI A procedural evaluation of an analytic-deliberative process: The Columbia River Comprehensive Impact Assessment SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE analytic-deliberative process; discourse analysis; Hanford Nuclear Site; nuclear weapons complex cleanup; procedural-normative evaluation ID DECISION-MAKING; RISK ANALYSIS; PARTICIPATION; MANAGEMENT; DEMOCRACY AB The U.S. Department of Energy's Columbia River Comprehensive Impact Assessment (CRCIA) was an ambitious attempt to direct its cleanup of the Hanford Nuclear Reservation toward the most significant risks to the Columbia River resulting from past plutonium production. DOE's approach was uncommonly open, including tribal, regulatory agency, and other Hanford interest group representatives on the board that was to develop the assessment approach. The CRCIA process had attributes of the "analytic-deliberative" process for risk assessment recommended by the National Research Council. Nevertheless, differences between the DOE and other participants over what was meant by the term "comprehensive" in the group's charge, coupled with differing perceptions of the likely effectiveness of remediation efforts in reducing risks, were never resolved. The CRCIA effort became increasingly fragmented and the role its products were to play in influencing future clean-up decisions increasingly ambiguous. A procedural evaluation of the CRCIA process, based on Thomas Webler's procedural normative model of public participation, reveals numerous instances in which theoretical-normative discourse disconnects occurred. These had negative implications for both the basic procedural dimensions of Webler's model-fairness and competence. Tribal and other interest group representatives lacked the technical resources necessary to make or challenge what philosopher Jurgens Habermas terms cognitive validity claims, while DOE and its contractors did not challenge normative claims made by tribal representatives. The results are cautionary for implementation of the analytic-deliberative process. They highlight the importance of bringing rigor to the evaluation of the quality of the deliberation component of risk characterization via the analytic-deliberative process., as well as to the analytic component. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Marine Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Resources Sect, Seattle, WA USA. RP Leschine, TM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Marine Affairs, Box 355685, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1 BP 83 EP 100 DI 10.1111/0272-4332.t01-1-00008 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 534BV UT WOS:000174565500008 PM 12017365 ER PT J AU Zenilman, JM Glass, G Shields, T Jenkins, PR Gaydos, JC McKee, KT AF Zenilman, JM Glass, G Shields, T Jenkins, PR Gaydos, JC McKee, KT TI Geographic epidemiology of gonorrhoea and chlamydia on a large military installation: application of a GIS system SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION-SYSTEM; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; RISK-FACTORS; DISEASE; SURVEILLANCE; TRACHOMATIS; PREVENTION; POPULATION; INFECTION; SYPHILIS AB Objectives: The geographic epidemiology of infectious diseases can help in identifying point source outbreaks, elucidating dispersion patterns, and giving direction to control strategies. We sought to establish a geographic information system (GIS) infectious disease surveillance system of a large US military post (Fort Bragg, North Carolina) using STDs as the initial outcome for the model. Methods: Addresses of incident cases were plotted onto digitised base maps of Fort Bragg (for on-post addresses) and surrounding Cumberland County, NC (For off-post addresses) using MAPINFO Version 5. We defined 26 geographic sectors on the installation. Active duty soldiers attending the post preventive medicine clinic were enrolled between July 1998 and June 1999. Results: Gonorrhoea (GC) was diagnosed in 210/2854 (7.4%) and chlamydia (CT) in 445/2860 (15.6%). African-American male soldiers were at higher risk for GC (OR = 4.6 (95% CL 3.0 to 7.2)) and chlamydia (OR = 2.0 (1.4 to 2.7)). For women, there were no ethnic differences in gonorrhoea prevalence, but chlamydia was higher in African-Americans (OR = 2.0 (1.4-2.7)). Rank and housing type were associated with gonorrhoea and chlamydia in men, but were not significant factors in women. For gonorrhoea, two geographic sectors had prevalences between 14.0%-16.5%, three between 10.3%-13.9%, three between 7.1%-10.2%, and five between 3.0%-7.1%.. The geographic distribution demonstrated a core-like pattern where the highest sectors were contiguous and were sectors containing barracks housing lower enlisted grade personnel. In contrast, chlamydia prevalence was narrowly distributed. Conclusion: GIS based disease surveillance was easily and rapidly implemented in this setting and should be useful in developing preventive interventions. C1 Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Response, Silver Spring, MD USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Prevent Med Serv, Ft Bragg, NC USA. RP Zenilman, JM (reprint author), Div Infect Dis, 1165-720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 78 IS 1 BP 40 EP 44 DI 10.1136/sti.78.1.40 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 528ZQ UT WOS:000174275900012 PM 11872858 ER PT J AU Graham, JS Schomacker, KT Glatter, RD Briscoe, CM Braue, EH Squibb, KS AF Graham, JS Schomacker, KT Glatter, RD Briscoe, CM Braue, EH Squibb, KS TI Bioengineering methods employed in the study of wound healing of sulphur mustard burns SO SKIN RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulphur mustard; wound healing; transepidermal water loss; reflectance colourimetry; laser Doppler perfusion imaging ID LASER DOPPLER FLOWMETRY; HAIRLESS GUINEA-PIGS; SULFUR MUSTARD; SKIN INJURY; MODEL; TOXICITY; DEPTH; EAR AB Background/purpose: Sulphur mustard (SM) is a potent incapacitating chemical warfare agent that remains a threat to war fighters and civilians worldwide. SM lesions may require weeks or months to heal, depending upon their severity. This study was undertaken to find a treatment regimen that promotes speedier healing of deep cutaneous SM burns in a weanling pig model. The principal objective of the study was to compare four treatment regimens and establish which achieved the shortest healing time. Methods: Twelve Yorkshire Cross weanling pigs were exposed to SM liquid for 2h, generating six large deep dermal/full thickness burns on the ventrum of each animal. Three additional animals served as sham-exposed controls. Surgical intervention occurred at 48 h postexposure. Treatments included: (i) full-thickness debridement of the burns with a computer controlled, raster scanned continuous wave CO2 laser followed by autologous split-thickness skin grafting; (ii) full-thickness sharp surgical tangential excision followed by skin grafting, the 'Gold Standard' used in human deep dermal/full-thickness thermal burns management; (iii) partial-thickness laser ablation with no grafting; and (iv) partial-thickness sharp surgical excision with no grafting. Several non-invasive bioengineering methods were used to monitor the progress of wound healing throughout a 36-day healing period: reflectance colourimetry, evaporimetry, laser Doppler perfusion imaging and ballistometry. Results: Bioengineering methods indicated that laser debridement followed by autologous split-thickness skin grafting was as efficacious in improving the wound healing of deep SM burns in weanling swine as the 'Gold Standard.' Regardless of the method of debridement, barrier function, skin colour and mechanical properties returned to near-normal levels within 15 days of treatment in the grafted sites. Regardless of surgical approach, blood flux levels remained approximately 50-60% of normal tissue throughout the 36-day postsurgical observation period. Mid-dermal debridement by sharp surgical tangential excision or laser ablation without the use of skin grafts did not produce as good a result as those attained through the use of grafts, but was better than no surgical treatment of the wounds. Conclusion: Bioengineering methods were useful in evaluating multiple characteristics during wound healing: (i) reflectance colourimetry for skin colour, (ii) evaporimetry to measure transepidermal water loss as an indicator of barrier function, (iii) laser Doppler perfusion imaging to assess cutaneous blood flow, and (iv) ballistometry to measure the mechanical properties of skin hardness and elasticity. Perhaps the most useful method was evaporimetry, as a restored barrier function was the best indicator of healed wounds. The use of reflectance colourimetry and ballistometry will continue in future wound healing studies for their contributions in judging cosmetic and functional outcomes. While useful, laser Doppler perfusion imaging was found to be rather time consuming. This methodology will be limited in the future to burn depth estimation prior to treatment, and for evaluation of pharmaceuticals specifically designed to improve or sustain blood flow into damaged areas. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Comparat Med, Comparat Pathol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Wellman Labs Photomed, Boston, MA 02114 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, Adv Assessment Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Graham, JS (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Comparat Med, Comparat Pathol Branch, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 51 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-752X J9 SKIN RES TECHNOL JI Skin Res. Technol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 8 IS 1 BP 57 EP 69 DI 10.1046/j.0909-752x.2001.10314.x PG 13 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 528GM UT WOS:000174236100009 PM 12005121 ER PT J AU Moore, DF Altarescu, G Ling, GSF Jeffries, N Frei, KP Weibel, T Charria-Ortiz, G Ferri, R Arai, AE Brady, RO Schiffmann, R AF Moore, DF Altarescu, G Ling, GSF Jeffries, N Frei, KP Weibel, T Charria-Ortiz, G Ferri, R Arai, AE Brady, RO Schiffmann, R TI Elevated cerebral blood flow velocities in Fabry disease with reversal after enzyme replacement SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE blood flow velocity; cerebrovascular accident; cerebrovascular disorders; Fabry disease; ultrasonography, Doppler, transcranial ID TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER SONOGRAPHY; INVOLVEMENT; STORAGE; SYSTEM; ARTERY; VALUES AB Background and Purpose-Fabry disease is an X-linked inherited disorder resulting from a deficiency of alpha-galactosidase A. Cerebrovascular disease in Fabry disease includes small-vessel disease and larger-vessel ectasia in a predominantly posterior distribution. We assessed transcranial Doppler (TCD) blood flow velocities in naive and enzyme-treated Fabry patients. Methods-TCD was used to noninvasively examine patients with Fabry disease for abnormal cerebral blood flow velocities. TCD measurements were also made during CO2 retention by breathholding to examine cerebrovascular vessel reactivity. Twenty-six patients were enrolled in a 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of enzyme replacement therapy consisting of biweekly intravenous alpha-galactosidase A infusions, with a subsequent 18-month follow-up in an open-label trial. Statistical analysis consisted of applying a mixed-effects ANOVA model for correlated outcomes. Results-Peak velocity, mean velocity, pulsatility index, and resistance index were found to be significantly higher in patients compared with control subjects. When the individual vessels were considered, elevated flow velocities were found in the middle cerebral M1 branch and the posterior cerebral artery. Enzyme replacement therapy significantly decreased peak, mean, and end-diastolic velocities and flow acceleration at the 18-month follow-up time point. Conclusions-Patients with Fabry disease have elevated cerebral blood flow velocities. These velocities significantly improved with enzyme replacement therapy. C1 NINCDS, Dev & Metab Neurol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NINCDS, Biostat Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NHLBI, Cardiac Energet Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Schiffmann, R (reprint author), NINCDS, Dev & Metab Neurol Branch, NIH, Bldg 10,Room 3D03,9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 28 TC 129 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD FEB PY 2002 VL 33 IS 2 BP 525 EP 531 DI 10.1161/hs0202.102601 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 518AX UT WOS:000173644900020 PM 11823664 ER PT J AU Satava, RM AF Satava, RM TI Surgical robotics: The early chronicles - A personal historical perspective SO SURGICAL LAPAROSCOPY ENDOSCOPY & PERCUTANEOUS TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE military medicine; minimally invasive surgery; robotics ID VIRTUAL-REALITY; SURGERY; TELEPRESENCE; FUTURE AB The use of robotics has been emerging for approximately 75 years, but only during the past 5 years has the potential of robotics been recognized by the surgical community as a whole. This personal perspective chronicles the development of robotics for the general surgical community, the role of the military medical research effort, and many of the major programs that contributed to the current success of robotics. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. USA, Mil Res & Materiel Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Satava, RM (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, 40 Temple St,Suite 3-A, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. NR 19 TC 80 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 16 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1530-4515 J9 SURG LAPARO ENDO PER JI Surg. Laparosc. Endosc. Pct. Tech. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 6 EP 16 DI 10.1097/00019509-200202000-00002 PG 11 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 523FL UT WOS:000173943300002 PM 12008765 ER PT J AU Braga, M Walpert, N Burch, HB Solomon, BL Cooper, DS AF Braga, M Walpert, N Burch, HB Solomon, BL Cooper, DS TI The effect of methimazole on cure rates after radioiodine treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism: A randomized clinical trial SO THYROID LA English DT Article ID RADIOACTIVE IODINE THERAPY; I-131 THERAPY; DISEASE; PROPYLTHIOURACIL; PRETREATMENT; EFFICACY AB Forty-two newly diagnosed patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism were randomly assigned to receive I-131 therapy after pretreatment with methimazole (21) or beta-blocker alone (21) and prospectively evaluated, to determine possible effects of methimazole on I-131 treatment outcome. After randomization, 8 patients were excluded from the study (5 from pretreatment group and 3 from nonpretreatment group). Radioactive iodine (baseline dose 15 mCi, adjusted for goiter size and/or I-131 uptake) was administered after pretreatment with methimazole (30 mg initial dose for at least 2 months and stopped 6 days before treatment) and beta-blocker or pretreatment with beta-blocker alone (atenolol 50-100 mg/d). All but one patient in each group became hypothyroid. A similar length of time was required by both groups to achieve hypothyroidism (112 days, [95% confidence interval [CI] = 28 to 196 days) in the pretreated group and 106 days, [95% CI = 45 to 167 days] in nonpretreated patients). Free thyroxine (T-4) normalized 44 +/- 39 days after therapy in the nonpretreated group and 35 +/- 30 days in the pretreated group (p = 0.57) and decreased to subnormal levels 80 +/- 70 days in nonpretreated and 65 +/- 32 days in pretreated patients (p = 0.46). We conclude that pretreating patients with methimazole before radioactive iodine therapy does not interfere with the final outcome. Similar cure rates and time required to achieve hypothyroidism after radioiodine were observed when patients were pretreated with methimazole compared to nonpretreated patients. C1 Sinai Hosp Baltimore, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Baltimore, MD 21215 USA. Hosp Clin, Serv Endocrinol & Metab Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Endocrine Metab Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Cooper, DS (reprint author), Sinai Hosp Baltimore, Div Endocrinol, 2401 W Belvedere Ave, Baltimore, MD 21215 USA. NR 19 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1050-7256 J9 THYROID JI Thyroid PD FEB PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 BP 135 EP 139 DI 10.1089/105072502753522365 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 530GU UT WOS:000174350600007 PM 11916282 ER PT J AU Geisbert, TW Hensley, LE Geisbert, JB Jahrling, PB AF Geisbert, TW Hensley, LE Geisbert, JB Jahrling, PB TI Evidence against an important role for infectivity-enhancing antibodies in Ebola virus infections SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TYPE-1; ENHANCEMENT; ACTIVATION; APOPTOSIS; VACCINE; CELLS; CD4 AB The neutralizing and enhancing activities of Ebola virus (EBOV)-specific antibodies were tested among four murine antibodies specific to the surface glycoprotein (GP), a recombinant human monoclonal antibody specific to GP, a polyclonal equine IgG, and serum obtained from a convalescent monkey All but one of these antibodies neutralized EBOV infectivity of primary human monocytes/macrophages or Vero cells, None of the antibodies enhanced EBOV infectivity in these cells. Taken together with in vivo observations that early deaths were not observed in animals immunized with various viral vectors expressing EBOV GP, it is unlikely that any EBOV-enhancing antibodies profoundly affected EBOV pathogenesis, (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, MCMR, UIP,D,Pathol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, MCMR, UIP,D,VIrol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, MCMR, UIP,D,Headquarters, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Geisbert, TW (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, MCMR, UIP,D,Pathol Div, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 293 IS 1 BP 15 EP 19 DI 10.1006/viro.2001.1278 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 527NN UT WOS:000174192300003 PM 11853394 ER PT J AU Pittman, PR Kim-Ahn, G Pifat, DY Coonan, K Gibbs, P Little, S Pace-Templeton, JG Myers, R Parker, GW Friedlander, AM AF Pittman, PR Kim-Ahn, G Pifat, DY Coonan, K Gibbs, P Little, S Pace-Templeton, JG Myers, R Parker, GW Friedlander, AM TI Anthrax vaccine: immunogenicity and safety of a dose-reduction, route-change comparison study in humans SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE anthrax vaccine adsorbed; immune response to protective antigen; randomized clinical trial; AVA gender safety ID INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS; MANAGEMENT; FUTURE AB Anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA), an effective countermeasure against anthrax, is administered as six subcutaneous (SQ) doses over 18 months. To optimize the vaccination schedule and route of administration, we performed a prospective pilot study comparing the use of fewer AVA doses administered intramuscularly (IM) or SQ with the current schedule and route. We enrolled 173 volunteers, randomized to seven groups. who were given AVA once IM or SQ two doses, 2 or 4 weeks apart, IM or SQ or six doses at 0, 2, 4 weeks and 6, 12, and 18 month; (control group, licensed schedule and route). IM administration of AVA was associated with fewer injection site reactions than SQ administration. Following, the first SQ dose of AVA. compared to males, females had a significantly higher rate of injection site reactions such as erythema, induration and subcutaneous nodules (P < 0.001). Reaction rates decreased with a longer dose interval between the first two doses. The peak anti-PA IgG antibody response of subjects given two doses of AVA 4 weeks apart I-M or SQ was comparable to that seen among subjects who received three doses of AVA at 2-week intervals. The IM route of administering this aluminum hydroxide adsorbed vaccine is safe and has comparable peak anti-PA IgG antibody levels when two doses are administered 4 weeks apart compared to the licensed initial dose schedule of three doses administered 2 weeks apart. A large pivotal study is being planned by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to confirm these results. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Med, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Off Res Plans & Programs, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Off Prod Dev & Regulatory Affairs, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. BioPort Corp, Lansing, MI USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Off Commander, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Pittman, PR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Med, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 24 TC 110 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 31 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 9-10 BP 1412 EP 1420 AR PII S0264-410X(01)00462-5 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00462-5 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 521TW UT WOS:000173858300017 PM 11818160 ER PT J AU Fellows, PF Linscott, MK Little, SF Gibbs, P Ivins, BE AF Fellows, PF Linscott, MK Little, SF Gibbs, P Ivins, BE TI Anthrax vaccine efficacy in golden Syrian hamsters SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; vaccine; hamster ID PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; GUINEA-PIGS; ANTIBODIES; RELEVANCE; IMMUNITY; HUMANS; TOXIN AB The efficacy of a licensed human anthrax vaccine (anthrax vaccine adsorbed, AVA) was tested in golden Syrian hamsters against a virulent Bacillus anthracis spore challenge. Groups of golden Syrian hamsters were vaccinated at either 0 and 4 weeks or 0, 4 and 8 weeks, then challenged subcutaneously (s.c.) at 10 weeks with spores of various B. anthracis isolates. Although ELISA and toxin neutralization assays demonstrated high titers, none of the AVA-vaccinated hamsters were protected from challenge or demonstrated a significantly extended time to death compared to that of control animals. The results of the study demonstrate that the golden Syrian hamster is not an appropriate model for investigating human anthrax vaccine efficacy. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Biometr & Informat Management Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Fellows, PF (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN 31 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 9-10 BP 1421 EP 1424 AR PII S0264-410X(01)00461-3 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00461-3 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 521TW UT WOS:000173858300018 PM 11818161 ER PT J AU Majumdar, A Choi, KK Rokhinson, LP Tsui, DC AF Majumdar, A Choi, KK Rokhinson, LP Tsui, DC TI Towards a voltage tunable two-color quantum-well infrared photodetector SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DETECTOR AB Two-color quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs), based on electron transfer between coupled QWs, suffer from the presence of the shorter wavelength peak at all bias voltages V-b. We investigate this problem by studying the bias dependence of absorption coefficient alpha and photoconductive gain g as a function of wavelength at 10 K. We fabricate such a detector with a peak wavelength of 8 mum for both bias polarities but a voltage tunable cutoff wavelength (9 mum for V-b>0 and 11 mum for V-b<0). We use corrugated QWIPs with different corrugation periods to extract alpha and g for different values of V-b. We find alphaapproximate to0.1 mum(-1) in the 6-12 mum range with small peaks at 8 and 9.8 mum for V-b>0 and 10 mum for V-b<0. g has a pronounced peak at 7.8 mum for both bias polarities and determines the line shape of the QWIP spectral responsivity. These results are attributed to insufficient electron transfer between the coupled QWs and to low tunneling probability of the longer wavelength photoelectrons. A modified QWIP structure has been proposed for complete switching of spectral responsivity peak when the bias voltage polarity is reversed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Majumdar, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 4 BP 538 EP 540 DI 10.1063/1.1436529 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 515RE UT WOS:000173508900002 ER PT J AU Haus, JW Soon, BY Scalora, M Bloemer, MJ Bowden, CM Sibilia, C Zheltikov, A AF Haus, JW Soon, BY Scalora, M Bloemer, MJ Bowden, CM Sibilia, C Zheltikov, A TI Spatio-temporal instabilities for counter-propagating waves in periodic media SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC BAND-EDGE; PULSE-PROPAGATION; GAP SOLITONS AB Nonlinear evolution of coupled forward and backward fields in a multi-layered film is numerically investigated. We examine the role of longitudinal and transverse modulation instabilities in media of finite length with a homogeneous nonlinear susceptibility chi((3)). The numerical solution of the nonlinear equations by a beam-propagation method that handles backward waves is described. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USA, Weap Sci Directorate, AMSMI RD WS ST, RD & EC,Missle Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Energet, INFM, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Phys, Ctr Int Laser, Moscow 119899, Russia. RP Haus, JW (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM jwhaus@udayton.edu NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 10 IS 2 BP 114 EP 121 DI 10.1364/OE.10.000114 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 515VK UT WOS:000173517200003 PM 19424338 ER PT J AU Sonna, LA AF Sonna, LA TI Pulmonary oedema at moderately high altitudes SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID ACUTE MOUNTAIN-SICKNESS; EDEMA; HIMALAYAS; ALPS C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Sonna, LA (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 26 PY 2002 VL 359 IS 9303 BP 276 EP 277 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07534-7 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 517AC UT WOS:000173588100004 PM 11830190 ER PT J AU Armbruster, C Stiegler, GM Vcelar, BA Jager, W Michael, NL Vetter, N Katinger, HWD AF Armbruster, C Stiegler, GM Vcelar, BA Jager, W Michael, NL Vetter, N Katinger, HWD TI A phase I trial with two human monoclonal antibodies (hMAb 2F5, 2G12) against HIV-1 SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; human monoclonal antibodies; pharmacokinetics; safety; HIV therapy ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PASSIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY; INFECTION; GP41; PHARMACOKINETICS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; PROTECTION; MACAQUES AB Objective: To study the safety, immunogenicity and pharmacokinetics of two intravenously administered human monoclonal antibodies (hMAb 2F5, 2G12) against HIV-1 in humans. Design: Open label clinical phase I trial. Setting: Primary institutional care. Patients: Seven HIV-1-infected healthy volunteers with greater than or equal to 500 X 10(6)CD4 cells/l and less than or equal to 10 000 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml, not treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), entered and finished the study. Interventions and main outcome measures: Eight separate infusions of the hMAb were administered over a 4-week period (total dose 14 g). The safety was assessed by physical examination, blood chemistry, complete blood cell count and recording adverse events. 2F5 and 2G12 plasma levels were determined prior to and at the end of each infusion and during the follow-up period of 22 weeks. Results: No clinical or laboratory abnormalities were observed throughout the study. The median distribution half-life (t(1/2alpha)) of 2F5 and 2G12 was 1.02 (range, 0.77-1.47) days and 2.49 (range, 0.92-4.59) days, respectively. The elimination half-life (t(1/2beta)) was calculated to be 7.94 (range, 3.46-8.31) days for 2F5 and 16.48 (range, 12.84-24.85) days for 2G12. The median plasma concentration immediately after the first infusion was 216 mug/ml (range, 158-409 mug/ml) for 2175 and 238 mug/ml (range, 197402 mug/ml) for 2G12. Multiple infusions resulted in maximum plasma concentrations of 374 mug/ml (range, 304-700 mug/ml) and 605 mug/ml (range, 479-897 mug/ml) for 2175 and 2G12, respectively. Conclusions: This study showed that the hMAb 2F5 and 2G12 are safe and well tolerated by HIV-1-infected subjects. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 SMZ Baumgartner Hohe, Dept Med 2, Vienna, Austria. Univ Vienna, Polymun Sci Immunobiol Res Gmbh, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. Univ Vienna, Inst Pharmaceut Chem, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. RP Armbruster, C (reprint author), Mantlergasse 23-2-12, A-1130 Vienna, Austria. RI Jager, Walter/I-6242-2013 OI Jager, Walter/0000-0002-4970-8179 NR 25 TC 94 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN 25 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2 BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1097/00002030-200201250-00012 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 519EF UT WOS:000173711400011 PM 11807307 ER PT J AU Musah, RA Jensen, GM Bunte, SW Rosenfeld, RJ Goodin, DB AF Musah, RA Jensen, GM Bunte, SW Rosenfeld, RJ Goodin, DB TI Artificial protein cavities as specific ligand-binding templates: Characterization of an engineered heterocyclic cation-binding site that preserves the evolved specificity of the parent protein SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE protein engineering; protein-ligand binding; cavity complementation; chemical rescue; cavity mutant ID CYTOCHROME-C PEROXIDASE; FREE-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; T4 LYSOZYME; ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE; LAMBDA-DYNAMICS; NONPOLAR CAVITY; RADICAL SITE; ACTIVE-SITE; TRYPTOPHAN; DESIGN AB Cavity complementation has been observed in many proteins, where an appropriate small molecule binds to a cavity-forming mutant. Here, the binding of compounds to the W191G cavity mutant of cytochrome c peroxidase is characterized by X-ray crystallography and binding thermodynamics. Unlike cavities created by removal of hydrophobic side-chains, the W191G cavity does not bind neutral or hydrophobic compounds, but displays a strong specificity for heterocyclic cations, consistent with the role of the protein to stabilize a tryptophan radical at this site. Ligand dissociation constants for the protonated cationic state ranged from 6 muM for 2-amino-5-methylthiazole to 1 mM for neutral ligands, and binding was associated with a large enthalpy-entropy compensation. X-ray structures show that each of 18 compounds with binding behavior bind specifically within the artificial cavity and not elsewhere in the protein. The compounds make multiple hydrogen bonds to the cavity walls using a subset of the interactions seen between the protein and solvent in the absence of ligand. For all ligands, every atom that is capable of making a hydrogen bond does so with either protein or solvent. The most often seen interaction is to Asp235, and most compounds bind with a specific orientation that is defined by their ability to interact with this residue. Four of the ligands do not have conventional hydrogen bonding atoms, but were nevertheless observed to orient their most polar CH bond towards Asp235. Two of the larger ligands induce disorder in a surface loop between Pro190 and Asn195 that has been identified as a mobile gate to cavity access. Despite the predominance of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, the small variation in observed binding free energies were not correlated readily with the strength, type or number of hydrogen bonds or with calculated electrostatic energies alone. Thus, as with naturally occurring binding sites, affinities to W191G are likely to be due to a subtle balance of polar, non-polar, and solvation terms. These studies demonstrate how cavity complementation and judicious choice of site can be used to produce a protein template with an unusual ligand-binding specificity. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. USA, Res Lab, Attn AMSRL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Goodin, DB (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, MB8,10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM041049, GM17844, GM41049] NR 41 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JAN 25 PY 2002 VL 315 IS 4 BP 845 EP 857 DI 10.1006/jmbi.2001.5287 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 521JL UT WOS:000173836800029 PM 11812152 ER PT J AU Wu, CF Cha, HJ Valdes, JJ Bentley, WE AF Wu, CF Cha, HJ Valdes, JJ Bentley, WE TI GFP-visualized immobilized enzymes: Degradation of paraoxon via organophosphorus hydrolase in a packed column SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE GFP; OPH; fusion protein; immobilization ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; PSEUDOMONAS-DIMINUTA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; FUSION PROTEIN; NERVE AGENTS; EXPRESSION; PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE; PURIFICATION; GENE AB A versatile gene-fusion technique for immobilizing and visualizing biologically active enzymes which includes from the N to C-termini, an affinity histidine tag, the green fluorescent protein (GFP), a proteolytic enzyme (enterokinase, EK) cleavage site and the enzyme of interest, were developed. Specifically, the organophosphorus hydrolase was bound to the affinity (Hiss)-reporter(GFP)-EK fusion elements. Organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) is capable of degrading a variety of pesticides and nerve agents. In the case of immobilized OPH, paraoxon was rapidly degraded when pumped through a packed column. In reaction mixtures containing CHES buffer at pH 6.9, a continual decay in OPH activity was observed and importantly, this was monitored by GFP fluorescence. This decay in activity was fully restored, along with fluorescence, upon washing with PBS buffer. Many subsequent experiments were performed at varied pH and in different background buffer solutions. In all cases when there was OPH activity there was also marked fluorescence from the GFP fusion partner. Likewise, when OPH activity was lost, so was GFP fluorescence and, importantly, both were regenerated when washed in the presence of the kosmotropic salt, phosphate. Recently, Waldo et al. (1999) showed that GFP fluorescence from whole cells indicated the extent of proper folding of normally aggregated proteins designed via directed evolution. The present work demonstrates an application wherein GFP fluorescence indicates stability and activity of its fusion partner. (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Agr Biotechnol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, ECBC, SBCCOM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Bentley, WE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Agr Biotechnol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD JAN 20 PY 2002 VL 77 IS 2 BP 212 EP 218 DI 10.1002/bit.10065 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 507WW UT WOS:000173055100011 PM 11753928 ER PT J AU Ahmad, FH Helms, GL Castellane, RM Durst, BP AF Ahmad, FH Helms, GL Castellane, RM Durst, BP TI A discrete phase-unwrapping technique for interferograms SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE interferometry; phase unwrapping ID ALGORITHM; APPROXIMATION; GRADIENT; CARRIER AB A discrete technique for phase unwrapping is presented. The technique is based on constructing the mth-degree interpolating polynomials to approximate the involved functions using Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto collocation nodes. The relationship between the known wrapped phase and the unknown unwrapped phase and that between their derivatives are converted into a set of linear algebraic equations. This set of equations is solved for the unknown coefficients to produce the unwrapped phase. A numerical example is included to demonstrate the performance of the technique, where a comparison is made with exact results. (C) 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Engn Technol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. Dept Army, Waterways Expt Stn, Engnineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ahmad, FH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Engn Technol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2002 VL 32 IS 2 BP 101 EP 104 DI 10.1002/mop.10102 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 503JG UT WOS:000172794900006 ER PT J AU Lazaris, A Arcidiacono, S Huang, Y Zhou, JF Duguay, F Chretien, N Welsh, EA Soares, JW Karatzas, CN AF Lazaris, A Arcidiacono, S Huang, Y Zhou, JF Duguay, F Chretien, N Welsh, EA Soares, JW Karatzas, CN TI Spider silk fibers spun from soluble recombinant silk produced in mammalian cells SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DRAGLINE SILK; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN; FIBROIN; EXPRESSION; PURIFICATION; SEQUENCE; GENE AB Spider silks are protein-based "biopolymer" filaments or threads secreted by specialized epithelia[ cells as concentrated soluble precursors of highly repetitive primary sequences. Spider dragline silk is a flexible, lightweight fiber of extraordinary strength and toughness comparable to that of synthetic high-performance fibers. We sought to "biomimic" the process of spider silk production by expressing in mammalian cells the dragline silk genes (ADF-3/MaSpll and MaSpl) of two spider species. We produced soluble recombinant (rc)-dragline silk proteins with molecular masses of 60 to 140 kilodaltons. We demonstrated the wet spinning of silk monofilaments spun from a concentrated aqueous solution of soluble rc-spider silk protein (ADF-3; 60 kilodaltons) under modest shear and coagulation conditions. The spun fibers were water insoluble with a fine diameter (10 to 40 micrometers) and exhibited toughness and modulus values comparable to those of native dragline silks but with tower tenacity. Dope solutions with rc-silk protein concentrations >20% and postspinning draw were necessary to achieve improved mechanical properties of the spun fibers. Fiber properties correlated with finer fiber diameter and increased birefringence. C1 Nexia Biotechnol, Quebec City, PQ J7V 8P5, Canada. USA, Soldier Biol Chem Command, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Lazaris, A (reprint author), Nexia Biotechnol, Quebec City, PQ J7V 8P5, Canada. NR 38 TC 396 Z9 430 U1 22 U2 150 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 18 PY 2002 VL 295 IS 5554 BP 472 EP 476 DI 10.1126/science.1065780 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 512YG UT WOS:000173350700042 PM 11799236 ER PT J AU Linkov, I Burmistrov, D Cura, J Bridges, TS AF Linkov, I Burmistrov, D Cura, J Bridges, TS TI Risk-based management of contaminated sediments: Consideration of spatial and temporal patterns in exposure modeling SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; LAKE-ONTARIO; BIOACCUMULATION AB This paper addresses interactions among foraging behavior, habitat preferences, site characteristics, and spatial distribution of contaminants in developing PCB exposure estimates for winter flounder at a hypothetical open water dredged material disposal site in the coastal waters of New York and New Jersey (NY-NJ). The implications of these interactions for human health risk estimates for local recreational anglers who fish for and eat flounder are described. The models implemented in this study include a spatial submodel to account for spatial and temporal characteristics of fish exposures and a probabilistic adaptation of the Gobas bioaccumulation model that accounts for temporal variation in concentrations of hydrophobic contaminants in sediment and water, We estimated the geographic distribution of a winter flounder subpopulation offshore of NY-NJ based on species biology and its vulnerability to local recreational fishing, the foraging area of individual fish, and their migration patterns, We incorporated these parameters and an estimate of differential attraction to a management site into a spatially explicit model to assess the range of exposures within the population. The output of this modeling effort, flounder PCB tissue concentrations, provided exposure point concentrations for an estimate of human health risk through ingestion of locally caught flounder. The risks obtained for the spatially nonexplicit case are as much as 1 order of magnitude higher than those obtained with explicit consideration of spatial and temporal characteristics of winter flounder foraging and seasonal migration, This practice of "defaulting" to extremely conservative estimates for exposure parameters in the face of uncertainty ill serves the decision-making process for management of contaminated sediments in general and specifically for disposal of dredged materials. Consideration of realistic spatial and temporal scales in food chain models can help support sediment management decisions by providing a quantitative expression of the confidence in risk estimates. C1 Arthur D Little Inc, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. Menzie Cura & Associates Inc, Chelmsford, MA 01824 USA. US Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Linkov, I (reprint author), Arthur D Little Inc, 20 Acorn Pk, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. NR 43 TC 48 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 2 BP 238 EP 246 DI 10.1021/3s010721d PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 512EP UT WOS:000173308400019 PM 11827058 ER PT J AU Choi, KK Bandara, SV Gunapala, SD Liu, WK Fastenau, JM AF Choi, KK Bandara, SV Gunapala, SD Liu, WK Fastenau, JM TI Detection wavelength of InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells and superlattices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS; MU-M; INTERSUBBAND TRANSITIONS; CUTOFF WAVELENGTH; ABSORPTION; GAAS; GAAS/ALGAAS; BAND AB InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum well structures have been shown to be versatile for infrared detection. By changing the material composition, one can tune the detection wavelength from 2 to 35 mum and beyond. However, there have been few systematic calculations on the absorption wavelength of these structures with respect to their structural parameters. In this work we have adopted the transfer-matrix method to calculate both their energy levels and the wave functions. From this calculation, the absorption and the responsivity spectra of the structures can be predicted. The theory agrees with the experimental result of the test structures. Supported by the experimental evidence, we applied the calculation to a general class of midwavelength detectors and thus established a useful guideline for the detector design in this wavelength range. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. IQE Inc, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Choi, KK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Liu, Wing/B-7599-2009; Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 22 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 2 BP 551 EP 564 DI 10.1063/1.1421216 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 506NG UT WOS:000172978200001 ER PT J AU Sarney, WL Wood, MC Salamanca-Riba, L Zhou, P Spencer, M AF Sarney, WL Wood, MC Salamanca-Riba, L Zhou, P Spencer, M TI Role of Ge on film quality of SiC grown on Si SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SEMICONDUCTOR AB We find that the incorporation of Ge into SiC during the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition growth process improves the crystalline quality of SiC films grown on Si (111) substrates at 1000 degreesC. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy results indicate that Ge does not act as a surfactant, but rather it incorporates throughout the entire film. Transmission electron microscopy results show that high quality, single crystalline SiC films of up to 80 nm thickness are repeatably obtained for GeH4 flow rates ranging from 20 to 30 sccm. Higher GeH4 flow rates induce twinning and result in a reduced growth rate and increased surface roughness. Lower GeH4 flow rates result in polycrystalline and/or amorphous-like SiC films similar to what is normally obtained at such a low growth temperature. We discuss the role of Ge during growth and how its presence in the reactor during Si substrate carbonization results in higher quality SiC films than normally achieved for growth temperatures of 1000 degreesC. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL SE EI, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Howard Univ, Mat Sci Res Ctr Excellence, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Sarney, WL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL SE EI, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/B-3785-2009 OI Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/0000-0001-8155-6403 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 2 BP 668 EP 671 DI 10.1063/1.1425433 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 506NG UT WOS:000172978200016 ER PT J AU Ran, SF Burger, C Fang, DF Zong, XH Cruz, S Chu, B Hsiao, BS Bubeck, RA Yabuki, K Teramoto, Y Martin, DC Johnson, MA Cunniff, PM AF Ran, SF Burger, C Fang, DF Zong, XH Cruz, S Chu, B Hsiao, BS Bubeck, RA Yabuki, K Teramoto, Y Martin, DC Johnson, MA Cunniff, PM TI In-situ synchrotron WAXD/SAXS studies of structural development during PBO/PPA solution spinning SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; RIGID-ROD POLYMERS; PHENYLENEBENZOBISOXAZOLE PBO FIBER; PARA-AROMATIC POLYMERS; POLY(P-PHENYLENE BENZOBISOXAZOLE); THERMAL-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MAIN CHAIN; COAGULATION; DEFORMATION AB Combined wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies using synchrotron radiation were carried out to investigate the structural development during in-situ solution spinning of poly(p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole) (PBO) in poly(phosphoric acid) (PPA). WAXD patterns indicated that the structure in the extruded PBO/PPA dope before coagulation (in water) possessed lyotropic "biaxial nematic" nematic order involving PBO-PPA complex as the mesogenic unit. A different biaxial nematic order in pure PBO was found to develop immediately upon coagulation in water. When the coagulation time exceeded 30 min, the complex PBO/PPA structure completely disappeared, and well-oriented PBO crystals were formed. The meridian peaks exhibited long streaks, indicating a translational disorder of PBO molecules in the fiber direction. SAXS patterns of the PBO fiber after coagulation showed equatorial streaks with no further maxima observed, which is attributed to a microvoid structure. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Michigan Mol Inst, Midland, MI 48640 USA. Toyobo Co Ltd, Res Ctr, Otsu, Shiga 5200292, Japan. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Dept US Army, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Chu, B (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM bchu@notes.cc.sunysb.edu; bhsiao@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Martin, David/B-1838-2008 OI Martin, David/0000-0003-1195-3838 NR 40 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 2 BP 433 EP 439 DI 10.1021/ma010249g PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 510WE UT WOS:000173229600019 ER PT J AU Kad, BK Schoenfeld, SE Burkins, MS AF Kad, BK Schoenfeld, SE Burkins, MS TI Through thickness dynamic impact response in textured Ti-6Al-4V plates SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Rate Processes in Plastic Deformation held at the TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 09-10, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MISSOURI SP ASM Int, AIME, Mat Soc, Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm DE Ti-6A1-4V; crystals; material ID PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURES; TEMPERATURES; CRYSTALS; TITANIUM AB The following work is a computationally derived description of through thickness dynamic impact responses in Ti-6Al-4V polycrystalline aggregates nominally textured via routine rolling deformation and thermal processing schedules in the alpha + beta or beta phase fields. Prior work [M.S. Burkins, W.W. Love, J.R. Wood, U.S. Army Research Lab, ARL-MR-359, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 1997] indicates that ballistic response, and the incidence of material plugging, is strongly affected by specific thermal/mechanical processing paths. We attempt to reconcile these response variations within the context of material textures. Thus, realistic processing textures viz. the basal, transverse as well as an idealized random texture are simulated via a 2D constitutive model for slip and twinning (treated here as pseudo-slip) prescribed for the hcp single crystal. The polycrystal is constructed by incorporating the material theory into a finite element model that explicitly represents a spatial distribution of single crystals. The polycrystal mechanical response is examined with respect to macroscopic shear loading as may take place during dynamic punch through processes. A ranking of the material textures is prescribed via numerically derived measures of external work performed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM TD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Schoenfeld, SE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM TD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 322 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 241 EP 251 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01135-2 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 516KK UT WOS:000173552300023 ER PT J AU Krishnamurti, C Stewart, MW Cutting, MA Rothwell, SW AF Krishnamurti, C Stewart, MW Cutting, MA Rothwell, SW TI Assessment of omega-fatty-acid-supplemented human platelets for potential improvement in long-term storage SO THROMBOSIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Congress of the International-Society-on-Thrombosis-and-Haemostasis CY JUL 06-12, 2001 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Int Soc Thrombosis & Haemostasis DE platelet function; omega-fatty acids; hemostatic efficacy; rabbit model ID FISH-OIL; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; DOUBLE-BLIND; IN-VIVO; OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACIDS; RABBIT; MODEL; ACTIVATION; PLASMA AB Uptake of omega (omega) - 3 fatty acids can influence membrane stability and cell mobility. We investigated the effects of omega - 3 and - 6 fatty acids on the hemostatic efficacy of human platelets using an in vivo rabbit bleeding model. In vitro assays such as platelet aggregation, vWF bead-mediated ATP release and platelet adhesion to beads {measured by the residual platelet count [RPC],free platelet count after reacting with the beads}/{baseline platelet count} x 100=%RPC; a high %RPC indicates reduced platelet function) were conducted on platelets treated with 1% fish oil (omega - 3); 2% fish oil emulsion or 1% soy oil (omega - 6). Oil treatment of platelets reduced the vWF bead-induced ATP release insignificantly. Addition of omega-3 agents reduced physical reactivity (%RPC) with the vWF beads by a factor of 1.2 (oil) and 1.9 (emulsion). The omega - 6 oil enhanced reactivity by a factor of 1.7. After washing to remove excess reagent, platelet resuspension was most efficient with the omega - 3 emulsion. Platelet function was higher with the omega - 3-treated platelets (%RPC=52.3%, omega - 3 oil; 63.3%, omega - 3 emulsion vs. 85%, omega - 6 oil; 82% untreated platelets). Ethyl-palmitate-treated thrombocytopenic rabbits were infused with human platelets. Survival times of the treated platelets, as monitored by flow cytometry (6.2 - 8.2 h) were comparable to untreated platelets (8.6 h). In the rabbit kidney injury model, blood loss after infusion of the treated platelets was similar to that of saline-infused rabbits (75.3 +/- 3.4 g). However, platelets washed prior to infusion reduced blood loss to a value comparable to that of fresh platelets (48.3 +/- 5 g). Furthermore, the presence of the infused platelets at the injury site was clearly visualized using FITC-tagged anti CD42a antibody. Thus, the omega - 3-based agents protect the platelets from damage during the washing procedure as demonstrated in vitro by improved platelet resuspension, low %RPC, high stimulus-responsive ATP secretion and a reduction in blood loss in vivo. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Thrombotics Inc, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Krishnamurti, C (reprint author), NHLBI, NIH, DEA, Review Branch,Rockledge Ctr 2, Room No 7206,6701 Rockledge Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0049-3848 J9 THROMB RES JI Thromb. Res. PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 105 IS 2 BP 139 EP 145 AR PII S0049-3848(02)00009-9 DI 10.1016/S0049-3848(02)00009-9 PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 534JQ UT WOS:000174582600006 PM 11958804 ER PT J AU Salerno, SM Browning, R Jackson, JL AF Salerno, SM Browning, R Jackson, JL TI The effect of antidepressant treatment on chronic back pain - A meta-analysis SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID CONTROLLED TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND; NEUROPATHIC PAIN; CLINICAL-TRIALS; PLACEBO; AMITRIPTYLINE; MANAGEMENT; DEPRESSION; CARE; CLOMIPRAMINE AB Background: Back pain is one of the most common problems in primary care. Antidepressant medication is often prescribed, especially for chronic back discomfort, to alleviate pain and restore the patient's ability to conduct activities of daily living. Objective: To assess the efficacy of antidepressants in treating back pain in adults. Methods: We searched the MEDLINE 1966-2000), PsycLit, Cinhal, EMBASE, AIDSLINE, HealthSTAR, CANCERLIT, the Cochrane Library (clinical trials registry and the Database of Systematic Reviews), Micromedex, and Federal Research in Progress databases and references of reviewed articles, Included articles were written in English and dealt with randomized placebo-controlled trials of antidepressant medication use among adults with chronic back pain. Two reviewers abstracted data independently. Two continuous outcomes, change in back pain severity and ability to perform activities of daily living, were measured. Study quality was assessed with the methods used by Jadad and colleagues, and data were synthesized using a random-effects model. Results: Nine randomized controlled trials with 10 treatment arms and 504 patients were included. Seven treatment arms included patients with major depression. Patients had chronic back pain, averaging 10.4 years. Patients treated with antidepressants were more likely to improve in pain severity than those taking placebo (standardized mean difference, 0,41; 95% confidence interval, 0.22-0.61) but not in activities of daily living (standardized mean difference, 0.24; 95% confidence interval, -0.21-0.69). Patients treated with antidepressants experienced more adverse effects (22% vs 14%, P=.01) than those receiving placebo. Conclusion: Antidepressants are more effective than placebo in reducing pain severity but not functional status in chronic back pain. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Salerno, SM (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, MCHK DM, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM smsalenro@mindspring.com NR 58 TC 126 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD JAN 14 PY 2002 VL 162 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1001/archinte.162.1.19 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 510NP UT WOS:000173214400001 PM 11784215 ER PT J AU Davis, VT Thompson, JS AF Davis, VT Thompson, JS TI Measurement of the electron affinity of praseodymium SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE-ION; 6P; LANTHANIDES; ATTACHMENT; ANIONS; STATES; YB AB The electron affinity (EA) of praseodymium (Pr) has been measured using laser photodetachment electron spectroscopy. The EA of Pr(I-4(9/2)) was determined to be 0.962 +/- 0.024 eV. The data also show that Pr- has at least one bound excited state with a binding energy of 0.866 +/- 0.018 eV relative to the ground state of the Pr atom. The present experimental measurements are compared to a recent calculation of the electronic structure of Pr-. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Chem Phys Program, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Davis, VT (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, W Point, NY 10996 USA. OI Thompson, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9699-5767 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 1 BP L11 EP L14 AR PII S0953-4075(02)28966-X DI 10.1088/0953-4075/35/1/102 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 540AV UT WOS:000174906600002 ER PT J AU Ayyagari, MSR Kaplan, DL Chatterjee, S Walker, JE Akkara, JA AF Ayyagari, MSR Kaplan, DL Chatterjee, S Walker, JE Akkara, JA TI Solvent effects in horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed polyphenol synthesis SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE horseradish peroxidase (HRP); enzyme kinetics; enzyme structure; spectroscopy; polyphenol ID ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; ENZYMATIC-SYNTHESIS; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; POLYMERIZATION; POLYMERS; MEDIA; CONFORMATION; PHENOLS AB Enzyme-solvent-monomer molecular interactions and their effect on horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed polymerization of m-cresol in ethanol/water mixtures were studied. A mechanistic approach of the effect of reaction medium composition on the poly (m-cresol) molecular weight and polydispersity was elucidated from the standpoint molecular interactions. Solvent effects on the enzyme activity and structure were studied by reaction kinetics and spectroscopic methods including UV-vis, fluorescence, circular dichroism and electron paramagnetic spectroscopy (EPR). In view of the results from these studies, the observed polymer molecular weight profile could be deduced from the solubility of the polymer as well as the partitioning of the monomer between solvent and the enzyme active site. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Akkara, JA (reprint author), Natl Sci Fdn, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD JAN 8 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1016/S0141-0229(01)00438-0 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 512DW UT WOS:000173306700001 ER PT J AU Ahmad, FH Helms, GL Castellane, RM Durst, BP AF Ahmad, FH Helms, GL Castellane, RM Durst, BP TI On the evaluation of the true phase of interferograms SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE interferometry; irradiance ID UNWRAPPING ALGORITHMS AB An iterative technique that uses sine and cosine modulations along with low-pass filtering to extract the true phase values of a carrier frequency, interferogram is proposed in this paper. An illustrative example is given in which this technique is applied. Results generated from the application of this technique are compared with exact phase values and excellent agreement between the exact and computed phase values is demonstrated. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Engn Technol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ahmad, FH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Engn Technol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2002 VL 32 IS 1 BP 40 EP 43 DI 10.1002/mop.10086 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 500TE UT WOS:000172642200014 ER PT B AU Ryerson, CC Koenig, GG Politovich, MK Reehorst, AL AF Ryerson, CC Koenig, GG Politovich, MK Reehorst, AL GP AMS AMS TI Mt. Washington icing sensors project (MWISP) results SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON AVIATION, RANGE, AND AEROSPACE METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology/13th Conference on Applied Climatology CY MAY 13-16, 2002 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Atmospher Environm Tech ID LIQUID WATER C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Ryerson, CC (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 228 EP 231 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation GA BX41B UT WOS:000185178800061 ER PT B AU Weatherly, JW AF Weatherly, JW GP AMS AMS TI Polar climate and sea ice in coupled NCAR GCMs and in recent observations SO 13TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID MODEL C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Weatherly, JW (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 185 EP 187 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV58M UT WOS:000179447900069 ER PT B AU Houston, JR AF Houston, JR BE Tait, L TI The economic value of beaches SO 15TH ANNUAL NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BEACH PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology CY JAN 23-25, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS AB Travel and tourism is America's largest industry, employer, and earner of foreign exchange; and beaches are the largest factor in travel and tourism. Beaches receive more tourist visits than combined visits to all Federal and state parks, recreational areas, and public lands. The Federal government receives the lion share of taxes from beach tourist spending, and these taxes are far greater than Federal expenditures on beach infrastructure such as beach nourishment. The Miami Beach nourishment project is an example of the national economic return of beach nourishment. The project completely rejuvenated Miami Beach and led to large increases in tourists. Today just foreign tourists at Miami Beach pay more in Federal taxes than the Federal government spends nationally on beach nourishment. Foreign competitors for international tourism spend far more than the United States in advertising and, protecting and restoring beaches. However, despite the clear importance of travel and tourism to the national economy, the United States has not acted to counter this competition, and its dominant lead in international tourism eroded in the 1990's and is projected to fall significantly over the next decade. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Houston, JR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 6 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA PY 2002 BP 31 EP 41 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BU85W UT WOS:000177213700004 ER PT B AU Winer, HS Weber, CK Combe, A Sloop, RV AF Winer, HS Weber, CK Combe, A Sloop, RV BE Tait, L TI Numerical modeling of inverted breakwaters SO 15TH ANNUAL NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BEACH PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology CY JAN 23-25, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS AB Waves propagating from shallow water into deeper water will be reflected. Linear wave theory predicts that for shallow water waves propagating into infinitely deep water there will be total reflection. Also because of differences in the wave celerity for different depths, refraction and diffraction are important. Thus a deep hole in front of a beach can function similar to a shore parallel breakwater. A salient will develop in the lee of the hole. This phenomenon has been observed at Grand Isle, Louisiana where a borrow source was dredged deeper than specified. The coastal areas of Louisiana are experiencing high rates of erosion, both along the barrier shoreline and in the estuarial marshes. One proposal is to protect the barrier shoreline with a series of offshore deep holes that would function as a segmented breakwater. The dredged material could be used for shoreline nourishment or interior marsh creation, depending upon the sediment quality. If the holes can be demonstrated to effectively reduce wave energy and sediment transport, two purposes could, be accomplished, nourishment and protection. In the first step of an effort to evaluate the effectiveness of the offshore holes as shore protection, the MIKE 21 numerical modeling program was used to assess wave refraction and sediment transport with and without the inverted breakwaters. A representative Louisiana shoreline was modeled using a nearshore equilibrium beach profile for a grain size of 0.125 mm and offshore depths determined from nautical charts. The inverted breakwaters were located at the 3 meter depth contour, approximately 700 meters offshore. The holes were 30 meters in the cross-shore direction, 90 meters in the alongshore direction, with a one on three side slopes.. Ten holes, excavated 6 meters below the existing bottom, covered a total alongshore distance of roughly 1600 meters with 30 meters of undisturbed bottom between each hole. Data obtained from the Corps' Wave Information Study (1976-1995) was used to generate 26 representative wave cases. The model was run for each of the cases to determine nearshore wave heights, directions, and radiation stresses. Using the radiation stresses, the resulting nearshore current velocities were calculated and the sediment transport rates were determined. The reduction of wave height due to the inverted breakwaters was highly dependent on the wave height, period, and incidence angle. The larger, longer period waves broke offshore of the breakwaters and did not show as much height reduction. The total reduction in both Gross and Net Sediment Transport in the shadow of the inverted breakwaters was 30%. C1 Corps Engineers, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Winer, HS (reprint author), Corps Engineers, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA PY 2002 BP 143 EP 156 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BU85W UT WOS:000177213700012 ER PT B AU Ray, GL Clarke, DG Wilber, DH Burlas, MH AF Ray, GL Clarke, DG Wilber, DH Burlas, MH BE Tait, L TI Monitoring biological impacts of beach nourishment projects: Implications of a major monitoring program in northern New Jersey, USA SO 15TH ANNUAL NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BEACH PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology CY JAN 23-25, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS ID RESTORATION; FLORIDA; KEY AB Between 1993 and 1999 over 19 million in 3 of sand were placed on beaches in northern New Jersey. This large-scale nourishment project was unprecedented in terms of volume for exposed, high-energy beaches at this latitude. In coordination with state and federal agencies, a biological monitoring program was established to address concerns for potential impacts on biota inhabiting the offshore sand borrow areas as well as the intertidal and nearshore areas receiving fill material. General components of the monitoring program included benthos, fishery resources, and suspended sediments. Monitoring of benthos and fishery resources was conducted for three years prior to nourishment, during placement, and up to two years afterwards. Basic sampling design included multiple reference sites and a significant effort to integrate individual monitoring components. Findings of the various components suggest that impacts were limited to small spatial and short temporal scales. An examination of the level of effort required to detect impacts at these scales leads to the conclusion that fundamental objectives of beach nourishment monitoring efforts need to be re-evaluated and refocused such that best management practices can be further refined. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Wetlands & Coastal Ecol Branch, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ray, GL (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Wetlands & Coastal Ecol Branch, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA PY 2002 BP 225 EP 234 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BU85W UT WOS:000177213700018 ER PT B AU Wilson, DK Noble, JM Coleman, MA AF Wilson, DK Noble, JM Coleman, MA GP AMS AMS TI Sound propagation observations during the CASES-99 experiment SO 15TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual ID ATMOSPHERE C1 US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 329 EP 332 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX63B UT WOS:000185937700096 ER PT B AU Goedecke, GH Wilson, DK Ostashev, VE Auvermann, HJ AF Goedecke, GH Wilson, DK Ostashev, VE Auvermann, HJ GP AMS AMS TI Quasi-wavelet models for atmospheric turbulence SO 15TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual ID LAYER TURBULENCE; FIELD C1 New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, ATTN AMSRL CI EE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 394 EP 397 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX63B UT WOS:000185937700115 ER PT B AU Andreas, EL Claffey, KJ Fairall, CW Guest, PS Jordan, RE Persson, POG AF Andreas, EL Claffey, KJ Fairall, CW Guest, PS Jordan, RE Persson, POG GP AMS AMS TI Evidence from the atmospheric surface layer that the von Karman constant isn't SO 15TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual ID KANSAS MAST INFLUENCE; VONKARMAN CONSTANT; PROFILE; STRESS; FLOW; REVALUATION; TURBULENCE; ITCE C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Andreas, EL (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 418 EP 421 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX63B UT WOS:000185937700121 ER PT B AU Chang, SS Garvey, DM Huynh, G Williamson, CC AF Chang, SS Garvey, DM Huynh, G Williamson, CC GP AMS AMS TI Surface wind heterogeneity for CASES-99 SO 15TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, CI,EB, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chang, SS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, CI,EB, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 572 EP 575 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX63B UT WOS:000185937700163 ER PT B AU Vaucher, GT AF Vaucher, GT GP AMS AMS TI An empirically developed forecast model for the surface layer stability transition period SO 16TH CONFERENCE ON PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS IN THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference on Probability and Statistics in the Atmospheric Sciences CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc AB Fifteen years of observations and field experimentation have yielded a surface layer model capable of forecasting the time of transition between the stable, nighttime atmosphere to the unstable daytime atmosphere over a desert and under clear skies. For years, astronomers have sought to eliminate the atmosphere's corrupting impact on their 'Seeing' capabilities. Unfortunately, the naturally occurring atmospheric density variations make this quest most difficult. There are, however, periods within a 24 hr day cycle in which the atmospheric density variations drop to a minimum. These are called "Neutral Events" and are grossly characterized as occurring when the nighttime stable condition transitions to a daytime unstable condition (and visa versa). In the process of forecasting these events, two categories of conditions were defined: Ideal and non-ideal. This paper will focus on the ideal conditions and the empirically-derived major contributors to the forecast model. C1 USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. RP Vaucher, GT (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 159 EP 161 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Mathematics GA BV55E UT WOS:000179335800030 ER PT S AU Robertson, MU Ezell, BC McGinnis, ML AF Robertson, MU Ezell, BC McGinnis, ML GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Base camp facility layout SO 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5: E-SYSTEMS AND E-MAN FOR CYBERNETICS IN CYBERSPACE SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC) CY OCT 07-10, 2001 CL TUCSON, AZ SP IEEE, Raytheon AB The primary purpose of this project was to aid in the development of an optimal base camp facility layout by studying and identifying proximity relationships between essential facility components, These relationships were determined through extensive research surveys, and interviews with key stakeholders. Three separate relationship charts were created representing the mean, median, and mode response scores from research and an online survey of critical base camp stakeholders from around the world. These charts were then used in conjunction with score and rectilinear distance matrices to organize the data for software optimization. The Computerized Relative Allocation of Facilities Technique (CRAFT) was used to solve for a near-optimal layout for three base camps with 15 facilities. These three layouts were then compared to each other as well as standard base camps found in Theater Construction Management System (TCMS) software and Camp Bondsteel. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Robertson, MU (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-7087-2 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2002 BP 2064 EP 2070 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU92K UT WOS:000177404200359 ER PT S AU Klingaman, R Morales, RO McGinnis, ML Ezell, BC AF Klingaman, R Morales, RO McGinnis, ML Ezell, BC GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Cluster analysis of joint tasks for rapid decisive operations SO 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5: E-SYSTEMS AND E-MAN FOR CYBERNETICS IN CYBERSPACE SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC) CY OCT 07-10, 2001 CL TUCSON, AZ SP IEEE, Raytheon AB In October 2000, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff published Joint Vision 2020 which discusses joint operational concept called rapid decisive operations. Current doctrine governing joint military operations is reflected in the Universal Joint Task List which specifies tasks a joint military force is expected to accomplish. This paper presents duster analysis of the Universal Joint Task List to identify tasks critical to rapid decisive operations and command and control tasks specific to an operational joint headquarters conducting rapid decisive operations. Results suggest a new organizational construct for joint task force headquarter to better accomplish future operations, We conclude implications and considerations for future joint headquarters design and experimentation. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Klingaman, R (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-7087-2 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2002 BP 2071 EP 2074 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU92K UT WOS:000177404200360 ER PT S AU Brendle, B AF Brendle, B GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Cognitive decision aids for ground combat vehicles SO 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5: E-SYSTEMS AND E-MAN FOR CYBERNETICS IN CYBERSPACE SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC) CY OCT 07-10, 2001 CL TUCSON, AZ SP IEEE, Raytheon DE automation; decision aids; intelligence; interface; workload AB This paper describes an effort by the US Army to apply cognitive decision aids to ground combat vehicles in a program entitled Crew integration & Automation Testbed, Based on a generic intelligent complex ground vehicle taxonomy, workload modeling is conducted to identify peak areas of crew workload. Analysis of specific tasks during peak workload conditions allows the application of specific workload reduction measures, including decision aiding, to improve task loading. C1 USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, AMSTATRR,Crew Aiding & Robot Technol Team, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Brendle, B (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, AMSTATRR,Crew Aiding & Robot Technol Team, MS264, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-7087-2 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2002 BP 2089 EP 2092 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU92K UT WOS:000177404200364 ER PT S AU Overholt, JL Cheok, KC AF Overholt, JL Cheok, KC GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Hierarchical systems control using threshold fuzzy systems SO 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5: E-SYSTEMS AND E-MAN FOR CYBERNETICS IN CYBERSPACE SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC) CY OCT 07-10, 2001 CL TUCSON, AZ SP IEEE, Raytheon DE robot behaviors; reactive control; neuro-fuzzy systems; threshold fuzzy systems AB This paper describes a behavior-based [1] method of controlling an autonomous skid-steer robot operating in an unknown environment. We introduce a new modular, neural-fuzzy system called Threshold Fuzzy Systems (TFS). Supervised training, using error backpropagation, is used to find the optimal parameters of the TFS. In this paper, a TFS controller is developed for a skid-steer Autonomous Vehicle System (AVS). Several hundred simulations are conducted and results for the AVS are compared (favorably) with a traditional neural network approach. C1 USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Comman, Behav Robot Lab, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Overholt, JL (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Comman, Behav Robot Lab, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-7087-2 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2002 BP 2257 EP 2262 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU92K UT WOS:000177404200393 ER PT S AU Pfeffer, RA Macon, WA AF Pfeffer, RA Macon, WA BE Seibert, JA TI Military applications of nuclear power - "A think piece" SO 2001 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORDS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc C1 USA, Nucl & Chem Agcy, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. RP Pfeffer, RA (reprint author), USA, Nucl & Chem Agcy, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-7324-3 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2002 BP 2486 EP 2492 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV30L UT WOS:000178495800541 ER PT B AU Bayne, SB Tipton, CW Scozzie, CJ Griffin, TE AF Bayne, SB Tipton, CW Scozzie, CJ Griffin, TE BE Pierson, E Jackson, WD TI High-temperature switching and evaluation of 4H-SiC gate turn-off thyristors and diodes under inductive loads SO 2002 37TH INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (IECEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC) CY JUL 29-31, 2002 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, AIAA, ASME, ANS, AIChe, SAE AB Future U.S Army electric motor control applications will require power semiconductor devices that operate for thousands of hours at case temperatures of 150 degreesC and higher. For reliable operation of silicon (Si)-based power electronics, the case temperature must be below 120 degreesC. Because of this temperature limitation of Si, new wide bandgap materials, such as silicon carbide (SiC) are being investigated. We report on a SiC gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) and SiC p-i-n diode operating at case temperatures up to 150 degreesC. For high power and high voltage applications the GTO is the switch of choice. In this study, currents up to 2 A where switched by the GTO under pulsed and continuous switching into an inductive load. The turn-on and turn-off gains, the on-state voltage, and the turn-on and turn-off times, as a function of temperature will be discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Bayne, SB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7296-4 PY 2002 BP 305 EP 310 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BBC67 UT WOS:000224865700067 ER PT B AU Liu, JJ Riely, B Shen, P Das, N Newman, P Chang, W Simonis, G AF Liu, JJ Riely, B Shen, P Das, N Newman, P Chang, W Simonis, G GP IEEE IEEE TI Sapphire substrate-bonded ultra-low threshold 850 nm VCSEL array SO 2002 DIGEST OF THE LEOS SUMMER TOPICAL MEETINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Summer Topical Meeting of the Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY JUL 15-17, 2002 CL MT TREMBLANT, CANADA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE AB Oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) 8x8 arrays were fabricated and off-set flip-chip bonded onto sapphire substrates. These devices were further wire bonded in pin-grid-array (PGA) packages as optical transmitters. Optical output of the top-emitting 850 urn VCSEL array was transmitted through the transparent sapphire substrate. Lasing threshold as low as 24 muA was found from some of these devices at room temperature. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL,SE,EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Liu, JJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL,SE,EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7378-2 PY 2002 BP C9 EP C10 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV01Q UT WOS:000177603700073 ER PT B AU Erickson, TG Shankle, WE Marotta, SA AF Erickson, TG Shankle, WE Marotta, SA GP IEEE IEEE TI Ultrahigh reliability US army missiles and munitions SO 2002 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEEDINGS, SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Autotestcon Conference CY OCT 14-17, 2002 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Hunstville Sect DE reliability; diagnostics; prognostics; missiles; soldering AB This paper provides an overview of U.S. Army requirements necessary for missiles and munitions to survive and operate in extreme environments with ultrahigh reliability. Long-term storage of assets, exposure to harsh environments, and requirements for high reliability with minimum field checks are significant concerns for Army missiles and munitions. These concerns warrant investigation into new and advanced techniques that provide health monitoring and prognostics capability, as well as robust design. In the past, missiles and munitions were commonly stored for long periods of time within the various military depot environments. In the present Army, however, missiles and munitions can expect deployment into a theater of operations and subsequent return to stocks for a potential future deployment. These deployments are expected to occur several times during an asset's life cycle, with extremes being experienced for each deployment due to handling, transportation, and theater storage. Therefore, the potential detrimental affects which a missile and/or munition will likely encounter must be understood and accounted for in its design and fielding so that its war fighting capability and readiness can be assured. Ultrahigh reliability of weapon systems is a critical requirement for the transformed Army to quickly enable a lethal and decisive battle force. This presentation will define ultra-reliability as it relates to missiles and munitions. Approaches to achieving ultra-reliability will be discussed, including joint efforts by the Department of Defense and the Department of Energy in modeling materials aging phenomena. C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Erickson, TG (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7441-X PY 2002 BP 720 EP 726 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BV70C UT WOS:000179852000065 ER PT S AU Sadler, BM Kozick, RJ Moore, TJ AF Sadler, BM Kozick, RJ Moore, TJ GP IEEE IEEE TI On the performance of source separation with constant modulus signals SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I-IV, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAY 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Cramer-Rao bounds (CRBs) are developed for narrow band source separation, when the sources are constrained to have constant modulus (CM). The bounds are appropriate for multipath CM sources, in blind, semi-blind, or fully known cases. Source separation bounds are contrasted for calibrated and uncalibrated arrays. It is shown that, from the CRB perspective, calibration adds no additional information. Closed-form CRBs are given for a single source, and two-source examples are also presented. Optimality of the analytical constant modulus algorithm (ACMA) for blind CM-source separation is demonstrated, achieving the appropriate constrained CRBs over a wide SNR range in challenging multipath scenarios. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sadler, BM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-7402-9 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2002 BP 2373 EP 2376 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU96P UT WOS:000177510400594 ER PT B AU Kuramochi, M Karypis, G AF Kuramochi, M Karypis, G BE Kumar, V Tsumoto, S Zhong, N Yu, PS Wu, XD TI Discovering frequent geometric subgraphs SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Conference on Data Mining CY DEC 09-12, 2002 CL MAEBASHI CITY, JAPAN SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Computat Intelligence, Maebashi Convent Bur, Maebashi City Govt, Gunmma Prefecture Govt, Maebashi Inst Technol, AdIn Res Inc, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Support Ctr Adv Telecommun Technol Res, US AFOSR, AOARD, AROFE, SAS Inst Japan, SPSS Japan Inc, Kankodo, Syst Alpha Inc, GCC Inc, Yamato Inc, Daiei Dream Co Ltd AB As data mining techniques are being increasingly applied to non-traditional domains, existing approaches for finding frequent itemsets cannot be used as they cannot model the requirement of these domains. An alternate way of modeling the objects in these data sets, is to use a graph to model the database objects. Within that model, the problem of finding frequent patterns becomes that of discovering subgraphs that occur frequently over the entire set of graphs. In this paper we present a computationally efficient algorithm for finding frequent geometric subgraphs in a large collection of geometric graphs. Our algorithm is able to discover geometric subgraphs that can be rotation, scaling and translation invariant, and it can accommodate inherent errors on the coordinates of the vertices. Our experimental results show that our algorithms requires relatively little time, can accommodate low support values, and scales linearly on the number of transactions. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Kuramochi, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1754-4 PY 2002 BP 258 EP 265 DI 10.1109/ICDM.2002.1183911 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BV87U UT WOS:000180274000033 ER PT B AU Croisant, WJ Feickert, CA McInerney, MK AF Croisant, WJ Feickert, CA McInerney, MK GP IEEE IEEE TI An empirical correlation for the calculated effective permeability for a nonlinear impulse problem with a simple exponential model for the relative differential permeability SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1 AND 2, SYMPOSIUM RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 19-23, 2002 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP IEEE, EMC Soc, Superior EMC, Laird Technologies, Rohde & Schwarz, TUV Prod Serv, Murata Electr NA Inc, ETS Lindgren, Hoolihan EMC Consulting, IBM Engn Solut Serv, Retlif Testing Labs DE nonlinear; ferromagnetic; permeability; shield; current; pulse; impulse AB A nonlinear impulse problem is considered in which a simple exponential representation for the relative differential magnetic permeability is used to model the effects of afield dependent permeability (including magnetic saturation) on the performance of an electromagnetic shield subjected to intense pulsed electromagnetic fields. previously, an analytical procedure was developed that characterized the maximum value of the transient electric field induced at the inner surface of the shield in terms of a dimensionless effective permeability that depends on a fundamental dimensionless combination of problem parameters. A series of finite difference time domain (FDTD) calculations was used to characterize the dimensionless effective permeability numerically for selected values of the dimensionless applied pulse parameter. In this paper, a simple empirical relationship is presented that represents to very good accuracy the calculated effective permeability for the simple exponential permeability model. The relationship has only a single free parameter, yet it fits the numerical results to remarkable accuracy for values of the applied pulse parameter from zero to saturation. This relationship conveniently summarizes the nonlinearity, of the problem for the maximum electric field. C1 USA Engineer, Ctr Res & Dev, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL USA. RP Croisant, WJ (reprint author), USA Engineer, Ctr Res & Dev, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7264-6 PY 2002 BP 901 EP 906 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BV20F UT WOS:000178146200165 ER PT B AU Warnasch, A Killen, A AF Warnasch, A Killen, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Low cost, high G, micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), inertial measurements unit (IMU) program SO 2002 IEEE POSITION LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium CY APR 15-18, 2002 CL PALM SPRINGS, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Precision Guided Munitions (PGMs) are critical to the Maneuver Battalion Commander's success on the future, rapidly deployed, battlefields. These PGMs will provide an increase in lethality, significantly improve survivability, reduce collateral damage, minimize non-combatant casualties, and decrease the logistics burden or increase the number of kills from the standard logistics load, PGMs all require inertial measurement sensors embodied in an IMU. Up to now they have been large, expensive, and could not readily survive the high G launch environments. MEMS technology provides inherent cost savings and size reduction and is ideal for application to navigation and control systems for small missiles and munitions. Using MEMS technology, gyroscopes, accelerometers and control electronics can readily be integrated to form a tightly packaged, low-cost, extremely small, high performance IMU suitable for munition, missile, and personnel guidance as well as other applications. This paper will describe the current Army development underway and it's partnering with industry to achieve the needed requirements. The Program goal is to survive a 20,000g gun launch and meet a 1degrees/hr, 1/2 milli-g performance capability. The MEMS IMUs will significantly reduce the cost of precision-delivered missiles & munitions, as well as expand precision delivery capability to artillery ammunitions, and thus reduce the number of required rounds by more than 30% while meeting roughly 90% of the tactical weapons fleet navigational requirements. C1 USA, TACOM, ARDEC, AMSTA AR FS, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Warnasch, A (reprint author), USA, TACOM, ARDEC, AMSTA AR FS, Bldg 94, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7251-4 PY 2002 BP 299 EP 305 DI 10.1109/PLANS.2002.998922 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BU50S UT WOS:000176200300042 ER PT S AU Ballato, A AF Ballato, A BE Yuhas, DE Schneider, SC TI Alteration of Poisson's ratio in high coupling piezoelectrics SO 2002 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Ultrasonic Symposium CY OCT 08-11, 2002 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP IEEE Ultrason, Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc ID QUANTUM WIRES AB Poisson's ratio finds application in a number of areas of applied elasticity and solid mechanics, for example, to quantify the mechanical coupling between various vibrational modes. The gamut of future high-tech applications, e.g., resonant microstructures integrated with electronic and optical circuitry, can be extended by providing a dynamic mechanism for electrical adjustment of this quantity. This requires an extension of the usual Poisson's ratio considerations to include the piezoelectricity of anisotropic substances. For piezoelectric materials, the Poisson's ratios vary with orientation. This variability is to be expected. What is surprising is the size of the variability that can be produced via the piezo-effect by altering electrical boundary conditions in substances with strong piezocoupling, e.g., poled electroceramics. This second source of adjustment appears an attractive means of tuning novel MEMS filter and resonator devices for future cellular communications. This paper describes how both forms of variation come about: the angular changes, and how these are modified by the piezoelectric effect when electrical loads are imposed. Numerical examples are given. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, AMSEL RD CS, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Ballato, A (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, AMSEL RD CS, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-7582-3 J9 ULTRASON PY 2002 BP 1011 EP 1014 DI 10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1193567 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW47M UT WOS:000182111700225 ER PT S AU Pastore, RA Kosinski, JA Cui, HL AF Pastore, RA Kosinski, JA Cui, HL BE Yuhas, DE Schneider, SC TI Finite difference modeling of acoustic devices SO 2002 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Ultrasonic Symposium CY OCT 08-11, 2002 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP IEEE Ultrason, Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc AB The prevalent numerical approaches for modeling acoustic devices are the finite element method and methods based on transmission line analogs. In this work we explore the use of the finite difference method to solve the hyperbolic acoustic wave equation. The hyperbolic wave equation is usually difficult to solve numerically because it is second order in time and space, which predicates the use of a very small time step to keep the solution stable. There are implicit methods that are inherently stable when used to solve the difference equations, but they are difficult to implement. Here we report our implementation of an explicit method to solve the finite-difference scheme for acoustic wave problems. The first problem to be solved is that of a one-dimensional thickness mode bulk acoustic wave resonator excited by an electric field in the thickness direction (TE-mode resonator). Results are shown for a 2 MHz device at different frequencies. The graphs show the wave propagation as a function of time and space. The formulation of the problem with respect to the choice of both time and spatial steps is discussed. C1 USA, CECOM, AMSEL RD IW I, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Pastore, RA (reprint author), USA, CECOM, AMSEL RD IW I, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-7582-3 J9 ULTRASON PY 2002 BP 1209 EP 1212 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW47M UT WOS:000182111700270 ER PT S AU Zhong, Z Chen, YW AF Zhong, Z Chen, YW GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Complexity regulation for real-time video encoding SO 2002 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOL I, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing CY SEP 22-25, 2002 CL ROCHESTER, NY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Past research in video compression has focused on improving the rate-distortion performance without active consideration of the encoding complexity. However, real-time software or processor based encoding has tight complexity constraints. In this paper we study real-time software-based video encoding as a problem of dynamic tradeoffs among rate, distortion, and complexity. We present a compression system where the compressed video quality is pre-set and fixed, but the compression complexity is constrained and regulated to ensure real-time performance, by changing the encoding configurations with varying compression efficiency. We propose a dynamic encoding complexity control scheme utilizing an input frame buffer. Our experimental results show that the proposed encoding control algorithm effectively avoids frame drops caused by complexity peaks for real-time encoding. C1 USA, Philips Res, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510 USA. RP Zhong, Z (reprint author), USA, Philips Res, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 0-7803-7622-6 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2002 BP 737 EP 740 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BX41R UT WOS:000185208200185 ER PT B AU Raglin, A Vorontsov, M Chouikha, M AF Raglin, A Vorontsov, M Chouikha, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Winner take all in a large array of opto-electronic feedback circuits for image processing SO 2002 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOL II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing CY SEP 22-25, 2002 CL ROCHESTER, NY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB In this paper we consider an application of a WTA dynamics developed from artificial neural networks to the concept of a large array of opto-electronic feedback circuits. The merging of the Winner Take All (WTA) dynamics with optical implementation could potentially provide improved systems for high resolution image processing. The time required for digital image processing grows dramatically with the increase in image frame resolution, which complicates segmentation, detection, and tracking of objects within an image. This approach could address the challenges found in high resolution image processing. Examples of simulation results based on this approach will be presented. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Raglin, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7622-6 PY 2002 BP 349 EP 352 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BX43S UT WOS:000185284000088 ER PT S AU Henz, BJ Shires, DR Mohan, RV AF Henz, BJ Shires, DR Mohan, RV BE Olariu, S TI A Composite Manufacturing Process Simulation Environment (COMPOSE) utilizing parallel processing and object-oriented techniques SO 2002 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOPS SE International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP 2002) CY AUG 18-21, 2002 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Int Assoc Comp & Commun, Ohio State Univ, IBM Res, Microsoft Res, James Madison Univ, CISC AB Liquid composite molding, based on resin transfer molding (RTM), vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding, and its variants, have been increasingly used in new composite material developments for both land and air military vehicle applications. New processes have high risks in cost, time, quality, and reproducibility depending on their stage of maturity. Various defense initiatives have identified physical process modeling and simulations as a viable technology to provide the required technical base to promote composite affordability and provide for process maturation, The COmposite Manufacturing PrOcess Simulation Environment (COMPOSE) was developed to model the RTM process. COMPOSE utilizes parallel processing methods on massively parallel machines so that large complicated geometries and models can be analyzed. The object-oriented design methods used in COMPOSE allow code reuse and faster software development cycles. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI HC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI HC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM bhenz@arl.army.mil; rmohan@uno.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1530-2016 BN 0-7695-1680-7 J9 INT CONF PARA PROC PY 2002 BP 274 EP 281 DI 10.1109/ICPPW.2002.1039741 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV03Z UT WOS:000177667600036 ER PT B AU Nemeroff, J Garcia, L Hampel, D DiPierro, S AF Nemeroff, J Garcia, L Hampel, D DiPierro, S GP IEEE IEEE TI Networked sensor communications SO 2002 MILCOM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: GLOBAL INFORMATION GRID - ENABLING TRANSFORMATION THROUGH 21ST CENTURY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2002) CY OCT 07-10, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA AB The US Army's Future Combat Systems (FCS) will rely heavily on the use of unattended sensor networks to detect, locate and identify enemy targets in order to survive with less armor protection on the future battlefield. The latest Homeland Security (HLS) counter-terrorist measures will also rely heavily on unattended sensor networks to detect, locate and identify terrorist attacks on our critical civilian infrastructure. Successful implementation of these critical communication networks will require the collection of the sensor data, processing and collating it with available intelligence, then transporting it in a format conducive to make quick and accurate decisions. The networked communications must support secure, stealthy, and jam resistant links for sensor data fusion for both tactical and HLS missions. C1 USA, CECOM, RDEC, Space & Terr Commun Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Nemeroff, J (reprint author), USA, CECOM, RDEC, Space & Terr Commun Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7625-0 PY 2002 BP 1462 EP 1465 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW09Y UT WOS:000180880500268 ER PT B AU Nguyen, B Tzatzalos, C AF Nguyen, B Tzatzalos, C GP IEEE IEEE TI An agent-based vulnerability assessment system intended for tactical digitized networks SO 2002 MILCOM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: GLOBAL INFORMATION GRID - ENABLING TRANSFORMATION THROUGH 21ST CENTURY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2002) CY OCT 07-10, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA AB (U) Preliminary results, progress to date, and plans to develop CyberSleuth for tactical digitized communications and information networks are reported in this paper. CyberSleuth is a conceptual prototype of an autonomously adaptive agent-based. vulnerability assessment system, developed by U.S. Army Research Laboratory and its partners, capable of providing continuous protection of resource-constrained tactical-network computing equipment using genetic algorithms, dynamic object mechanisms, and agent technologies. The system has been successfully demonstrated on nonmilitary networks consisting of heterogeneous hardware platforms running disparate operating systems. Technical features of CyberSleuth and procedural issues for its eventual deployment in a tactical network are described and discussed in this paper with special emphasis on its mobility, functionality and integrity. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, CI,CN, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nguyen, B (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, CI,CN, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7625-0 PY 2002 BP 1481 EP 1484 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW09Y UT WOS:000180880500272 ER PT S AU Blair, JRS Manne, F AF Blair, JRS Manne, F GP IEEE COMUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMUTER SOCIETY TI Efficient self-stabilizing algorithms for tree networks SO 23RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops CY MAY 19-22, 2003 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP IEEE Comp Soc AB Many proposed self-stabilizing algorithms require an exponential number of moves before stabilizing on a global solution, including some rooting algorithms for tree networks [1, 2, 3]. These results are vastly improved upon in [6] with tree rooting algorithms that require only O(n(3) + n(2) (.) c(h)) moves, where n is the number of nodes in the network and c(h) is the highest initial value of a variable. In the current paper we describe a new set of tree rooting algorithms that brings the complexity down to O(n(2)) moves. This not only reduces the first term by an order of magnitude, but also reduces the second term by an unbounded factor We further show a generic mapping that can be used to instantiate an efficient self-stabilizing tree algorithm from any traditional sequential tree algorithm that makes a single bottom-up pass through a rooted tree. The new generic mapping improves on the complexity of the technique presented in [8]. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept EE & CS, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Blair, JRS (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept EE & CS, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-6927 BN 0-7695-1920-2 J9 INT CON DISTR COMP S PY 2002 BP 20 EP 26 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW84U UT WOS:000183375700004 ER PT B AU Peck, L AF Peck, L BE Sanson, LD TI Representation of weather and terrain effects on intrusion detection SO 36TH ANNUAL 2002 INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2002 CL ATLANTIC CITY, NJ SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Chung Shan Inst Sci & Technol, Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Transportat Secur Adm AB Two types of decision aids for incorporating weather and terrain effects in IDS-based security decisions are presented for eight classes of exterior IDSs: passive [thermal] infrared, fence-mounted, microwave radar, taut wire, near-infrared beambreak, ground motion, ported coaxial cable, and video motion detection. One decision aid is a diagram of weather and terrain influences; it indicates interactions among site conditions and their joint impact on IDS detection capability. The second decision aid is a set of rankings of most- to least-favorable site conditions for IDS reliability in terms of meeting physical security standards of 90% probability of detection at 90% confidence level, with a low nuisance alarm rate. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Peck, L (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7436-3 PY 2002 BP 179 EP 190 DI 10.1109/CCST.2002.1049249 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV49P UT WOS:000179163100030 ER PT S AU Ganai, MK Zhang, LT Ashar, P Gupta, A Malik, S AF Ganai, MK Zhang, LT Ashar, P Gupta, A Malik, S GP ACM ACM ACM TI Combining strengths of circuit-based and CNF-based algorithms for a high-performance SAT solver SO 39TH DESIGN AUTOMATION CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS 2002 SE DESIGN AUTOMATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Design Automation Conference CY JUN 10-14, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP ACM, Special Interest Grp Design Automat, EDA Consortium, IEEE, SSCS DE Boolean Satisfiability (SAT); Boolean Constraint Propagation (BCP); Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF); Bounded Model Checking (BMC) AB We propose Satisfiability Checking (SA T) techniques that lead to a consistent performance improvement of up to 3x over state-of-the-art SAT solvers like Chaff on important problem domains in VLSI CAD. Me observe that in circuit oriented applications like ATPG and verification, different software engineering techniques are required for the portions of the formula corresponding to learnt clauses compared to the original formula. Me demonstrate that by employing the same innovations as in advanced CNF-based SAT solvers, but in a hybrid approach where these two portions of the formula are represented differently and processed separately, it is possible to obtain the consistently highest performing SAT solver for circuit oriented problem domains. Me also present controlled experiments to highlight where these gains come from. Once it is established that the hybrid approach is faster, it becomes possible to apply low overhead circuit-hased heuristics that would be unavailable in the CNF domain for greater speedup. C1 NEC Corp Ltd, USA, CCRL, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Ganai, MK (reprint author), NEC Corp Ltd, USA, CCRL, Princeton, NJ USA. NR 10 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA SN 0738-100X BN 1-58113-461-4 J9 DES AUT CON PY 2002 BP 747 EP 750 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BU85V UT WOS:000177213300131 ER PT B AU Shah, PB AF Shah, PB GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Electrothermal simulations of SiC GTO thyristors containing gate and drift regions of the same or opposite polarity in a clamped inductive-load circuit SO 40TH ANNUAL PROCEEDINGS: INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM SE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL DALLAS, TX SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc AB Two-dimensional electrothermal simulations were done for various silicon carbide (SiC) gate turn-off (GTO) thyristor structures to increase their reliability when used in power conversion circuits for electric motor drive. Accurate high-temperature models to represent 4H-SiC bulk properties were included. The influences of having the gates on a region of the same or opposite polarity as the drift region and thermal resistance of the package are discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shah, PB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7352-9 J9 INT REL PHY PY 2002 BP 423 EP 424 DI 10.1109/RELPHY.2002.996677 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BU45H UT WOS:000176016400071 ER PT B AU Sands, JM Palmese, GR Paesano, A AF Sands, JM Palmese, GR Paesano, A BE Rasmussen, BM Pilato, LA Kliger, HS TI Stageable resins for electron beam cured composites manufacture SO 47TH INTERNATIONAL SAMPE SYMPOSIUM AND EXHIBITION, VOL 47, BOOKS 1 AND 2: AFFORDABLE MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY-PLATFORM TO GLOBAL VALUE AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition CY MAY 12-16, 2002 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn DE adhesives; epoxy resin; e-beam curing; polymer networks AB Among the key requirements for achieving cost savings advantages by electron beam cure technology is the ability to maintain low tool costs, and to maintain structural integrity of the composite laminates, including consolidation and net shape, while allowing e-beam processing. One approach to achieving highly controlled part configurations is to use two-stage electron beam cured interpenetrating polymer network resins (IPNs). The Army in conjunction with the Drexel University is developing vacuum moldable resins for that can be c-stage cured to near net shape parts at room temperature, but which are further processed using c-beam to achieve thermal stability and high-performance composite specifications. Among the technologies demonstrated are epoxy-amine staged laminates with free radical methacrylate cured resin as an e-beam crosslinked network. The advantages of this two-stage curing include increased control over consolidation of laminates, low-cost tooling requirements, and excellent thermal performance in the composite laminates. The resin systems produced provide an environmentally favorable alternative to many thermal cured systems, by providing increased resin out-times, increased storage life, and reduced volatile organic emissions on curing. Further, the resin systems are ideal for adhesive applications, where bonded structures can be held together via c-staging of the IPN adhesives, allowing complex shapes to be bonded and then further cured to high performances using electron beam irradiation. The general structure of the IPNs and the performance of the epoxymethacrylate resin systems will be presented along with composite performance specifications. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sands, JM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA BN 0-938994-92-1 PY 2002 BP 889 EP 901 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BU92A UT WOS:000177401800077 ER PT B AU Marshall, OS Sweeney, SC AF Marshall, OS Sweeney, SC BE Rasmussen, BM Pilato, LA Kliger, HS TI In-plane shear performance of masonry walls strengthened with FRP SO 47TH INTERNATIONAL SAMPE SYMPOSIUM AND EXHIBITION, VOL 47, BOOKS 1 AND 2: AFFORDABLE MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY-PLATFORM TO GLOBAL VALUE AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition CY MAY 12-16, 2002 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn DE applications-construction; carbon fiber; composite materials; design; epoxy resin; failure analysis; fiber placement; glass fiber; glass fiber composites; hand lay-up; infrastructure; mechanical properties; military; modeling; rehabilitation/reconstruction retrofit; seismic repair; specifications; surface mount technology; surface preparation; testing/evaluation; wet lay-up AB The in-plane shear test results of 4-foot by 4-foot unreinforced double-wythe brick wall specimens and lightly reinforced single-wythe CMU wall specimens tested at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC/CERL) will be presented. Development of strengthening design parameters based on that testingwill also be discussed. The FRP strengthening was performed using "generic" glass FRP systems and "generic" carbon FRP systems applied to one face of the walls. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. RP Marshall, OS (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA BN 0-938994-92-1 PY 2002 BP 929 EP 940 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BU92A UT WOS:000177401800080 ER PT B AU Esslinger, JR Evans, RN AF Esslinger, JR Evans, RN BE Rasmussen, BM Pilato, LA Kliger, HS TI Innovative composite structures for future tactical hypersonic kinetic energy missiles SO 47TH INTERNATIONAL SAMPE SYMPOSIUM AND EXHIBITION, VOL 47, BOOKS 1 AND 2: AFFORDABLE MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY-PLATFORM TO GLOBAL VALUE AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition CY MAY 12-16, 2002 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn DE filament winding; joining; pressure vessels; military; carbon fiber; tooling AB The U.S. Army is currently in the process of transforming it's force structure to meet the need for a rapidly deployable, lightweight ground force. This Objective Force will rely heavily on the use of advanced composite materials technology. The U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) is currently developing missile technology to fill the close combat anti-armor role for the next generation of land combat vehicles. The AMRDEC Compact Kinetic Energy Missile (CKEM) program is aimed at demonstrating critical technologies for a small, lightweight hypersonic kinetic energy missile that can defeat current and future armored threats. The AMRDEC approach for a CKEM is to demonstrate a concentrically-staged missile that utilizes a boost, separate, sustain thrust profile. Innovative composite structures design and fabrication techniques have been employed to provide a lightweight boost motor that consists of an annular composite motorcase with a separating terminal vehicle that is embedded within the motor chamber. This paper will discuss the CKEM boost motor design, kill vehicle integration, and development of flight weight hardware. Enabling technologies for this effort include advanced wash-out tooling, innovative filament winding applications, and efficient joining techniques. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Esslinger, JR (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA BN 0-938994-92-1 PY 2002 BP 1238 EP 1247 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BU92A UT WOS:000177401800108 ER PT B AU Coppola, MN LaFrance, KG AF Coppola, MN LaFrance, KG BE Callaos, N Breda, A Jurado, FMY TI Women as members of combat army infantry teams: A proposed methodology to measure and test the feasibility of integration through a structural equation model SO 6TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL II, PROCEEDINGS: CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS OF SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI 2002)/8th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 2002) CY JUL 14-18, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, World Org System & Cybernet, Ctr Syst Studies, Syst Soc Poland, Soc Appl Syst Res, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Simon Bolivar Univ, Polish Syst Soc, Italian Soc System, Int Soc Syst Sci, Int Syst Inst, Int Federat Syst Res, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Journal Second Order Cybernet & Cybersemiot, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engineer Sci Inst, CUST, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, Telemat Engn Dept, Tunisian Sci Soc, Acad Non Linear Sci, San Luis Natl Univ, Lab Res Computat Intelligence, Dept Informat, Amer Soc Cybernet (Canada), Wolfram Res Inc, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Steacie Inst Molec Sci, Natl Res Council Canada DE team theory; path analysis; women; measurement C1 USA, Med Serv Corps, Midlothian, VA 23114 USA. RP Coppola, MN (reprint author), USA, Med Serv Corps, 1603 Sedberry Lane,Apt 202, Midlothian, VA 23114 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA PY 2002 BP 102 EP 108 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BV62M UT WOS:000179559400020 ER PT B AU Broome, BD Gangopadhyay, A Yoon, V AF Broome, BD Gangopadhyay, A Yoon, V BE Callaos, N Loutfi, M Justan, M TI CAER: An ontology-based community of agents for emergency relief SO 6TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL VIII, PROCEEDINGS: CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS OF SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI 2002)/8th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 2002) CY JUL 14-18, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, World Org System & Cybernet, Ctr Syst Studies, Syst Soc Poland, Soc Appl Syst Res, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Simon Bolivar Univ, Polish Syst Soc, Italian Soc System, Int Soc Syst Sci, Int Syst Inst, Int Federat Syst Res, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Journal Second Order Cybernet & Cybersemiot, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engineer Sci Inst, CUST, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, Telemat Engn Dept, Tunisian Sci Soc, Acad Non Linear Sci, San Luis Natl Univ, Lab Res Computat Intelligence, Dept Informat, Amer Soc Cybernet (Canada), Wolfram Res Inc, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Steacie Inst Molec Sci, Natl Res Council Canada DE agent data warehouse; eXtensible markup language (XML); ontology AB With the recent explosion in Web usage, increased attention has been placed on the difficult challenges Of managing and manipulating widely diverse sources of information. Rather than continue on a course of developing special purpose decision support systems and then devising techniques for pulling Web data into them, we have proposed the opposite approach, designing decision support systems as small additions to a larger Web environment. Focusing on an emergency command center example, we have proposed an integrated system architecture that mirrors the Web. Information agents are then proposed to provide a layer that tailors retrievals to reflect user and application driven preferences. A supervisor agent takes on the task of identifying relevant data sources and, when necessary, translating the query to terms that are compatible with those used by an outside data source. The translation is accomplished through the use of an application-oriented Ontology. This approach facilitates access to the Internet while Supporting internally developed data structures associated with decision support tools. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Broome, BD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA PY 2002 BP 354 EP 358 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BV62N UT WOS:000179559600066 ER PT B AU Harder, R Higley, H AF Harder, R Higley, H BE Callaos, N Loutfi, M Justan, M TI Applying a group support system to mission analysis SO 6TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL VIII, PROCEEDINGS: CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS OF SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI 2002)/8th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 2002) CY JUL 14-18, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, World Org System & Cybernet, Ctr Syst Studies, Syst Soc Poland, Soc Appl Syst Res, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Simon Bolivar Univ, Polish Syst Soc, Italian Soc System, Int Soc Syst Sci, Int Syst Inst, Int Federat Syst Res, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Journal Second Order Cybernet & Cybersemiot, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engineer Sci Inst, CUST, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, Telemat Engn Dept, Tunisian Sci Soc, Acad Non Linear Sci, San Luis Natl Univ, Lab Res Computat Intelligence, Dept Informat, Amer Soc Cybernet (Canada), Wolfram Res Inc, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Steacie Inst Molec Sci, Natl Res Council Canada DE army; collaboration; military decision-making process; MDMP; mission analysis AB From August-December 2001, the Battle Command Battle Laboratory - Leavenworth, the Army Research Laboratory, and the Command and General Staff College enabled two sections of a tactics class of the Command and General Staff Officer's Course to explore the use of group support systems (GSS) for military analysis. In the tactics class, lecture is combined with exercises to apply military doctrine to develop and execute operations orders for missions at division and brigade levels. In this effort, two sections were given a GSS tool to perform mission analysis for brigade and urban terrain operations. However, one group was given considerably less time and the final product produced was quite similar. This paper details the experiences of these groups in the tactics class. C1 USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Harder, R (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA PY 2002 BP 370 EP 375 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BV62N UT WOS:000179559600069 ER PT B AU Ingham, H AF Ingham, H BE Callaos, N Loutfi, M Justan, M TI Linking military paper maps with collaborative planning software SO 6TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL VIII, PROCEEDINGS: CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS OF SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI 2002)/8th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 2002) CY JUL 14-18, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, World Org System & Cybernet, Ctr Syst Studies, Syst Soc Poland, Soc Appl Syst Res, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Simon Bolivar Univ, Polish Syst Soc, Italian Soc System, Int Soc Syst Sci, Int Syst Inst, Int Federat Syst Res, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Journal Second Order Cybernet & Cybersemiot, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engineer Sci Inst, CUST, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, Telemat Engn Dept, Tunisian Sci Soc, Acad Non Linear Sci, San Luis Natl Univ, Lab Res Computat Intelligence, Dept Informat, Amer Soc Cybernet (Canada), Wolfram Res Inc, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Steacie Inst Molec Sci, Natl Res Council Canada DE collaborative planning; distributed planning; transformation AB The U.S. Army is increasingly being asked to perform simultaneous operations all over the globe. These include stability operations as seen in Kosovo and Bosnia as well as offensive operations such as the war on terror in Afghanistan. As a result of these changing conditions, the U.S. Army is undergoing a transformation to shed its cold war designs and prepare for the crises and wars of the 21st Century. Commanders are now expected to prepare, plan, and execute with a highly mobile and distributed staff. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory, in conjunction with the Battle Command Battle Lab - Ft. Leavenworth, KS, has developed a collaborative environment that will provide an information bridge between the commander and his staff irregardless of their location. One aspect of this information bridge is providing personnel disseminated throughout the field of operations with information drawn on paper maps. This paper will focus on the link between the paper map and the collaborative environment. This effort was performed as part of a Science and Technology Objective called Collaborative Techniques for the Warfighter. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Ingham, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA PY 2002 BP 376 EP 380 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BV62N UT WOS:000179559600070 ER PT B AU Zoltani, CK Baskin, SI AF Zoltani, CK Baskin, SI BE Callaos, N Whymark, G Lesso, W TI Computer simulation of the effects of organophosphate-induced cardiac toxicity SO 6TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL XIII, PROCEEDINGS: CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS OF SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI 2002)/8th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 2002) CY JUL 14-18, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, World Org System & Cybernet, Ctr Syst Studies, Syst Soc Poland, Soc Appl Syst Res, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Simon Bolivar Univ, Polish Syst Soc, Italian Soc System, Int Soc Syst Sci, Int Syst Inst, Int Federat Syst Res, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Journal Second Order Cybernet & Cybersemiot, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engineer Sci Inst, CUST, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, Telemat Engn Dept, Tunisian Sci Soc, Acad Non Linear Sci, San Luis Natl Univ, Lab Res Computat Intelligence, Dept Informat, Amer Soc Cybernet (Canada), Wolfram Res Inc, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Steacie Inst Molec Sci, Natl Res Council Canada DE computer simulation; cardiac toxicity; atrial fibrillation. ID ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION; MODEL; HEART AB Organophosphosphorous (OP) compounds are widely used in agriculture as insecticides. Their significant toxicity has severe cardiovascular ramifications upon overexposure with an estimated 98% of the agent located within or transported by the vasculature and deposited in the cardium. Toxicity is manifested with the OP binding to the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of the cardiac tissue, preventing hydrolysis of the acetylcholine (ACh) and resulting in an ACh overload. Negative inotropy and affhythmia, not only in the atria (bradyarrhythmia), the Purkinje fibers and the ventricles is accompanied by conduction abnormalities. An ancillary effect of the toxicity is an increase in the calcium influx resulting in an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration. An increase in the vagal tone also ensues contributing to atrial fibrillation. OP toxicity also results in the elevation of the extracellular potassium concentration that influences the transmembrane resistance of Purkinje fibers and sodium ion concentration, mimicking ischemia. Moderate elevation of extracellular potassium increases the conduction velocity but in concentrations of 8-16 mM, a decrease with eventual cessation of signal transmission is noted. This results in modulation and possible dissolution of the action potential. The electrophysiologic changes of organophosphate (OP)-produced acetylcholine (ACh) overload in atrial tissue was studied by computer simulation. Cellular processes were expressed as a system of differential equations. In a tissue of 3 cm by 3 cm, changes in the action potential dynamics due to the heterogeneity of the substrate resulting from OP deposition in the tissue were produced, and the conditions for the generation and persistence of reentry waves were determined. It was shown that modulation of cardiac cell membrane currents can be used to modulate conditions leading to reentry suggesting avenues to prophylaxis. C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Zoltani, CK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA PY 2002 BP 320 EP 323 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV59B UT WOS:000179458900058 ER PT B AU Young, AJ Sawka, MN AF Young, AJ Sawka, MN BE Moravec, J Takeda, N Singal, PK TI Blood volume changes during altitude acclimatization: Implications for aerobic performance SO ADAPTATION BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, VOL 3: NEW FRONTIERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Congress of the International-Society-for-Adaptive-Medicine CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 2000 CL LYON, FRANCE SP Int Soc Adapt Med ID OPERATION EVEREST-II; CAPILLARY-PERMEABILITY; SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE; OXYGEN-TRANSPORT; ALBUMIN; HYPOXIA; PLASMA AB Blood volume adjustments develop when lowlanders ascend to high altitude. However, the mechanisms and physiological significance of those adjustments for acclimatization-associated changes in aerobic exercise performance remain debated. When unacclimatized lowlanders ascend to altitude, arterial O-2 content (C(a)A(2)) declines. During submaximal exercise, increased cardiac output maintains systemic O-2 despite hypoxemia, but cardiovasuclar strain increases. Maximal Q remains at sea level values, thus, is achieved at lower exercise intensity and VO(2)max is reduced. Increased cardiovascular strain during submaximal exercise and the reduction in VO(2)max impair aerobic exercise performance in new arrivals at altitude, but after acclimatization, ventilatory, cardiovascular, neuroendocrine and metabolic adjustments develop, and aerobic exercise performance improves. Hemoglobin [Hb] increases rapidly (hours to days) due to a hemoconcentration as lowlanders acclimatize, the magnitude of which relates to the elevation ascended. The increase in [Hb) in lowlanders acclimatizing to altitude has also been attributed to an expansion of erythrocyte volume. However, a critical review of research reveals discrepant observations regarding the time-course for this adaptation. It is generally believed that increased [Hb] with acclimatization enhances O-2 delivery and improves: exercise tolerance. However, the decrease in Q appears correlated with the decline in blood volume during acclimatization, and is associated with a reduction in cardiac work during exercise. Therefore, improved aerobic exercise tolerance at high altitude with altitude acclimatization may relate to hemodynamic effects of the blood volume adjustments as well as the increased O-2 carrying capacity. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Young, AJ (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NAROSA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI NEW DELHI PA 22 DARYAGANJ, DELHI MEDICAL ASSOCIATION RD, NEW DELHI 110 002, INDIA BN 81-7319-422-X PY 2002 BP 191 EP 201 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BW43M UT WOS:000181978100020 ER PT J AU Heejune, K Yarlagadda, S Gillespie, JW Shevchenko, NB Fink, BK AF Heejune, K Yarlagadda, S Gillespie, JW Shevchenko, NB Fink, BK TI A study on the induction heating of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites SO ADVANCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE induction heating; contact resistance; dielectric hysteresis; thermoplastic composite; prepreg strip AB Recent work in the literature has identified a new heating mechanism during induction processing of carbon thermoplastic prepreg stacks: contact resistance between fibers of adjacent plies. An experimental methodology has been developed to estimate the contact resistance through heating tests based on the properties of the composite and geometry of the specimen, Measured values indicate comparable resistance values at the contact region, compared to resistance in the fiber direction, for AS-4/PEI prepreg stacks under vacuum pressure. The measured values can serve as inputs for induction heating models and process models of carbon thermoplastic prepreg stacks. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Heejune, K (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-3046 J9 ADV COMPOS MATER JI Adv. Compos. Mater. PY 2002 VL 11 IS 1 BP 71 EP 80 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 533JT UT WOS:000174526800008 ER PT S AU Anderson, J Webb, S Fischer, R Kester, K Smith, C AF Anderson, J Webb, S Fischer, R Kester, K Smith, C BE VoDinh, T Buttgenbach, S TI Comparative intrinsic and enhanced total photoluminescence of endospore material SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL SENSING TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Environmental Sensing Technology II CY OCT 31-NOV 01, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE DE endospores; total photoluminescence spectroscopy; fluorochrome ID BACTERIAL AB Two techniques are compared using total luminescence spectroscopy to detect endospore material in preparations equivalent to 3.0 X 10(5) / ml spores. The first method applied intrinsic, steady-state photoluminescence for detection. The second approach used a binding fluorochrome derived from 4-p-dimethylaminostyrylpyridinium (DASP) to signal the presence of spore material. Comparative fluorescence emission signatures (excited at 469 nm) showed greater calibrated signal recovery (4 X 10(6) cps) for spore material at longer wavelengths using DASP. The intrinsic fluorescence emission of endospores (excited at 346 nm) occurred at shorter wavelengths and showed a reduced calibrated intensity (1.4 X 10(5) counts per second (cps). One major advantage of DASP appears to be its longer wavelength excitation (469 nm) that is out of the range of associated biological materials that compete for absorption at shorter UV wavelengths. C1 USA, Erdc, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Anderson, J (reprint author), USA, Erdc, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4304-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4576 BP 27 EP 31 DI 10.1117/12.456963 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BU23F UT WOS:000175418200004 ER PT S AU Bruno, FF Nagarajan, R Kumar, J Samuelson, LA AF Bruno, FF Nagarajan, R Kumar, J Samuelson, LA BE Wallenberger, FT Weston, NE Ford, R Wool, RP Chawla, K TI Novel templated polyphenol for ionic conductivity SO ADVANCED FIBERS, PLASTICS, LAMINATES AND COMPOSITES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advanced Fibers, Plastics, Laminates and Composites held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP PPG Fdn, Mat Res Soc ID POLYMERIZATION; POLYANILINE; PEROXIDASE; POLYMERS AB Phenolic polymers and phenol formaldehyde resins are of great interest for a number of electronic and industrial applications. Unfortunately, the toxic nature of the starting materials (formaldehyde) and harsh reaction conditions required for the synthesis of these polymers have severely limited their use in today's markets. We present here an alternative, biocatalytic approach where the enzyme horseradish peroxidase is used to polymerize phenol in the presence of a template such as polyethylene oxide. Here the template serves as a surfactant that can both emulsify the phenol and polyphenol chains during polymerization and maintain water/solvent solubility of the final polyphenol/template complex. The reactants and the reaction conditions of this approach are mild and result in high molecular weight, electrically and optically active, water-soluble complexes of polyphenol and the template used. High molecular weight water-soluble polyphenol/polyethylene oxide complexes were formed. The ionic conductivity and potential use of these polymers as polyelectrolytes for battery and solution cell applications will be discussed. C1 USA, Mat Sci Team, Natick Soldier Ctr, Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Bruno, FF (reprint author), USA, Mat Sci Team, Natick Soldier Ctr, Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-638-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 702 BP 229 EP 234 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BU86Y UT WOS:000177252000024 ER PT S AU Trajcevski, G Wolfson, O Zhang, FL Chamberlain, S AF Trajcevski, G Wolfson, O Zhang, FL Chamberlain, S BE Jensen, CS Jeffery, KG Pokorny, J Saltenis, S Bertino, E Bohm, K Jarke, M TI The geometry of uncertainty in moving objects databases SO ADVANCES IN DATABASE TECHNOLOGY - EDBT 2002 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Extending Database Technology CY MAR 25-27, 2002 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Hewlet Packard, sro, INTAX sro, KOMIX, sro, ORACLE Czech, sro AB This work addresses the problem of querying moving objects databases. which capture the inherent uncertainty associated with the location of moving point objects. We address the issue of modeling, constructing, and querying a trajectories database. We propose to model a trajectory as a 3D cylindrical body. The model incorporates uncertainty in a manner that enables efficient querying. Thus our model strikes a balance between modeling power, and computational efficiency. To demonstrate efficiency, we report on experimental results that relate the length of a trajectory to its size in bytes. The experiments were conducted using a real map of the Chicago Metropolitan area. We introduce a set of novel but natural spatio-temporal operators which capture uncertainty, and are used to express spatio-temporal range queries. We also devise and analyze algorithms to process the operators. The operators have been implemented as a part of our DOMINO project. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept CS, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Mobitrac Inc, Chicago, IL USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Trajcevski, G (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept CS, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM gtrajcev@cs.uic.edu; wolfson@cs.uic.edu; fzhang@cs.uic.edu; wildman@arl.mil RI Trajcevski, Goce/B-7277-2009 NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43324-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2287 BP 233 EP 250 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW25P UT WOS:000181347400016 ER PT J AU Sandstrom, E Birx, D AF Sandstrom, E Birx, D TI HIV vaccine trials in Africa SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; vaccine trials; Africa ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; DEVELOPING-WORLD; DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; PROGRESSION; INFECTIONS; UGANDA C1 Soder Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Forest Glen, MD USA. RP Sandstrom, E (reprint author), Soder Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PY 2002 VL 16 SU 4 BP S89 EP S95 DI 10.1097/00002030-200216004-00013 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 656DT UT WOS:000181594100013 PM 12699005 ER PT J AU Keller, JC Keller, EC AF Keller, JC Keller, EC TI Pioneer probe generates "space warp", disproves "big bang" SO AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING AND AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerospace; new technology AB Apparently, all space probes, but no planets, are subject to a constant quasigravitational force that is equivalent to the force on photons that causes the Hubble red shift. Also, the surface gravity of protons, determined by the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, causes a barrier at about 53 astronomical units from the sun. Pioneer 10 generated a "space warp" as it crossed this barrier. C1 Harvard Univ, Ballwin, MO 63111 USA. US Mil Acad, Winchester, MA 01890 USA. RP Keller, JC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Ballwin, MO 63111 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMERALD PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0002-2667 J9 AIRCR ENG AEROSP TEC JI Aircr. Eng. Aerosp. Technol. PY 2002 VL 74 IS 3 BP 263 EP 269 DI 10.1108/00022660210427440 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 573UF UT WOS:000176849100004 ER PT S AU Vanderbeek, RG Warren, RE AF Vanderbeek, RG Warren, RE BE Javidi, B Psaltis, D TI Kalman Filter based algorithm for detection and discrimination of aerosols with range-resolved Frequency-Agile LIDAR data SO ALGORITHMS AND SYSTEMS FOR OPTICAL INFORMATION PROCESSING VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Systems for Optical Information Processing VI CY JUL 09-10, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington Ctr Nanotechnol, Washington Technol Ctr AB A Kalman Filter based algorithm capable of detecting and discriminating one or more aerosol clouds as a function of range will be presented. The traditional Differential Scattering (DISC) technique does not optimally utilize all the information available with tunable LIDAR sensors. For this reason, the authors have investigated an alternative approach that can better handle the general multi-material multi-wavelength scenario. The processing is developed around a statistical signal model that includes additive noise and the effect of a finite laser pulse duration. This algorithm was tested using data that was generated to simulate the response of the Army's FAL sensor. The algorithm is shown to be able discriminate between three materials. C1 USA, SBCCOM ECBC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Vanderbeek, RG (reprint author), USA, SBCCOM ECBC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4556-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4789 BP 148 EP 157 DI 10.1117/12.450900 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV78F UT WOS:000179997600016 ER PT S AU Stedham, MA Banerjee, PP AF Stedham, MA Banerjee, PP BE Javidi, B Psaltis, D TI Analysis of nonlinear pulse propagation using an advanced wavelet transform SO ALGORITHMS AND SYSTEMS FOR OPTICAL INFORMATION PROCESSING VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Systems for Optical Information Processing VI CY JUL 09-10, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington Ctr Nanotechnol, Washington Technol Ctr DE wavelet transform; nonlinear Schrodinger equation; self-phase modulation; self-focusing AB Problems associated with nonlinear pulse and beam propagation, especially those involving higher-order terms in the nonlinear Schrodinger equation, usually require robust numerical techniques for their solution. In this paper we utilize an adaptive wavelet transform in order to investigate optical pulse self-steepening and optical beam self-focusing, as well as higher-order nonlinear terms which cannot be approximated by higher-order derivatives. Additionally, we show that the numerical method developed herein can be used to approximate any order of nonlinearity in the self-phase modulation term. The adaptive capability of the discrete wavelet transform developed herein allows this technique to accurately track the steep pulse gradients associated with higher-order terms by adaptively switching to higher, more accurate wavelet levels. By utilizing this adaptive wavelet transform technique, one can perform analysis of any terms in the NLS equation entirely in the wavelet domain without the need for resorting to a split-step method, as is often the case. C1 USA, Def Intelligence Agcy, Missile & Space Intelligence Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Stedham, MA (reprint author), USA, Def Intelligence Agcy, Missile & Space Intelligence Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4556-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4789 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.1117/12.450919 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV78F UT WOS:000179997600021 ER PT S AU Jensen, JO Theriault, JM Bradette, C Gittins, C Marinelli, W AF Jensen, JO Theriault, JM Bradette, C Gittins, C Marinelli, W BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Results from the Pronghorn Field Test using passive infrared spectroradiometers - CATSI and AIRIS SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VIII CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB The Pronghorn Field Tests were held at the Nevada Test Site for a two-week period in June 2001. Two passive infrared sensors were tested for inclusion into the Joint Service Wide Area Detection Program. The Adaptive InfraRed Imaging Spectroradiometer (AIRIS) and Compact ATmospheric Sounding Interferometer (CATSI) systems were tested with good results. This field test was a joint effort between the U.S (SBCCOM) and Canada (DREV). Various chemicals were detected and quantified from a distance of 1.5 kilometers. Passive ranging of Chemical Plumes was demonstrated. C1 USA, SBCCOM, Washington, DC USA. RP Jensen, JO (reprint author), USA, SBCCOM, Washington, DC USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4475-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4725 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1117/12.478749 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BV33B UT WOS:000178612100018 ER PT S AU Ren, H Du, Q Jensen, J AF Ren, H Du, Q Jensen, J BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Efficient anomaly detection and discrimination for hyperspectral imagery SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VIII CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE anomaly detection; high-order statistics; hyperspectral imagery; skewness; kurtosis AB With the improvement of remote sensing sensor techniques, hyperspectral imagery is widely used today. Hundreds of frequency channels are used to collect radiance from the ground, which results in hundreds of co-registered images. How to process this huge amount of data is a great challenge, especially when no information of the image scene is available. Under this circumstance, anomaly detection becomes more difficult. Several methods are devoted to this problem, such as the well-known RX algorithm which takes advantage of the second-order statistics. In this paper we propose an effective algorithm for anomaly detection and discrimination based on high-order statistics. They include the normalized third central moment referred to as skewness and the normalized fourth central moment referred to as kurtosis, which measure the asymmetry and the flatness of a distribution respectively. The Gaussian distribution is completely determined by the first two statistics and has zero skewness and kurtosis, so these two indices tell us the deviation of a distribution from the Gaussian and are suitable to anomaly detection. The proposed algorithm can be generalized to use any high-order moment. The experimental results with AVIRIS data demonstrate that it can provide comparable detection results with low computational complexity. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Ren, H (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4475-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4725 BP 234 EP 241 DI 10.1117/12.478756 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BV33B UT WOS:000178612100024 ER PT S AU Rand, RS AF Rand, RS BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Spectral/spatial annealing of hyperspectral imagery initialized by a supervised classification method SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VIII CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Gibbs distribution; Bayesian; Markov Random Field; supervised classification; Euclidean distance; Spectral Angle; clustering; hyperspectral imagery AB A simulated annealing method of partitioning hyperspectral imagery, initialized by a supervised classification method, is investigated to provide spatially smooth class labeling for terrain mapping applications. The method is used to obtain an estimate of the mode a Gibbs distribution defined over a symmetric spatial neighborhood system that is based on an energy function characterizing spectral disparities in Euclidean distance and spectral angle. Experiments are conducted on a 210-band HYDICE scene that contains a diverse range of terrain features and that is supported with ground truth. Both visual and quantitative results demonstrate a clear benefit of this method as compared to spectral-only supervised classification or unsupervised annealing that has been initialized randomly. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Rand, RS (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4475-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4725 BP 242 EP 253 DI 10.1117/12.478757 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BV33B UT WOS:000178612100025 ER PT S AU Lichvar, R Bolus, R Gustina, G AF Lichvar, R Bolus, R Gustina, G BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI MTI and landsat detection of ponded water on arid southwest playas SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VIII CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE playa; ponding; duration; frequency; inundation; Mojave Desert; satellite; wetlands; delineation AB Although playas are specifically mentioned as protected in Federal regulations regarding the Clean Water Act, there is a lack of supporting evidence describing basic concepts relevant to vegetation, soils, and hydrology for the purposes of establishing a scientifically sound method of playa delineation. To date no hydrological studies have attempted to describe the frequency and duration associated with ponded water on desert playa systems. This study analyzed the duration and frequency of inundation on hard playas in the western Mojave Desert on Edwards Air Force Base, CA during the wet season (Oct.-Mar.) using satellite imagery over the last 19 years and precipitation records over the last 59 years. Our results indicate that ponding on these playas, lasting at least 16 days, occurs with a frequency of 0.51 or every other year. Average precipitation needed to initiate ponding is 8.29 cm. Years in which ponding was verified for 16 days between October and March could also be verified for ponding for at least 16 days during the growing season (Mar.-Nov.). Total duration of ponding through the wet season was found to range between I and 32 weeks with a second order non-linear relationship between length of inundation and total rainfall during the wet season. C1 Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Lichvar, R (reprint author), Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4475-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4725 BP 417 EP 426 DI 10.1117/12.478774 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BV33B UT WOS:000178612100041 ER PT S AU Berger, H AF Berger, H BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Time and frequency-domain scattering of travelling wave radiance SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VIII CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE integro-differential equation; 2(nd) order differential equation; radiative transfer; time domain; traveling evanescent waves; frequency domain AB We have presented apparently new points of view for both radiative transfer problems in the frequency and time domains. Apparently for the first time a simple physical picture has emerged of the underlying essence of scattered radiance when dealing with isotropic axially-symmetric scattering as a single set of cutoff travelling waves in nonconservative linear media. First, it is shown in the frequency domain. Its accuracy is demonstrated by applying it to a solved problem in the frequency domain whose solution was published by Chandrasekhar some five decades ago. He determined it by dealing with the conventional 95-year-old, usually difficult to solve, integro-differential equation and we bolster confidence in our method by showing how the new method produces the same analytical answer. The new technique converts the integro-differential equation formulation of radiative transfer into a "pure" differential equation formulation, consisting here in a mixture of ordinary and partial derivatives, and solves that. This paper also analyses the situation in the time domain in a different manner but the same type of result is obtained. C1 Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Berger, H (reprint author), Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4475-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4725 BP 450 EP 458 DI 10.1117/12.478778 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BV33B UT WOS:000178612100044 ER PT S AU Ballard, JR Smith, JA AF Ballard, JR Smith, JA BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Hyperspectral canopy reflectance modeling and EO-1 hyperion SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VIII CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE forest canopy reflectance; vegetation radiation balance; hyperspectral reflectance; hyperion imaging AB This paper describes our hyperspectral reflectance modeling of a forest canopy based on measured input parameters and comparison with Earth Observing - 1 (EO-1) Advanced Land Imager (ALI) and Hyperion data. The model uses a high resolution, three-dimensional (3D) ray-tracing approach to estimate the intercepted and scattered solar radiation at multiple narrow wavelength bands. We present the comparisons of the effects of woody biomass, leaf litter, and clumping on reflectance signatures. The experimental data used for the model were collected in a hardwood forest canopy in Rochester, New York. Model calculations also are compared to a more simplified, low-resolution 3D model and a simple, multi-layer differential equation model. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ballard, JR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4475-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4725 BP 515 EP 520 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BV33B UT WOS:000178612100051 ER PT S AU Ranney, K Khatri, H Nguyen, L AF Ranney, K Khatri, H Nguyen, L BE Zelnio, EG TI Comparison of three different detectors applied to synthetic aperture radar data SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery IX CY APR 01-02, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE quadratic polynomial discriminator; support vector machine; Bayesian neural network AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory has investigated the relative performance of three different target detection paradigms applied to foliage penetration (FOPEN) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. The three detectors-a quadratic polynomial discriminator (QPD), Bayesian neural network (BNN) and a support vector machine (SVM)-utilize a common collection of statistics ("feature values") calculated from the fully polarimetric FOPEN data. We describe the parametric variations required as part of the algorithm optimizations, and we present the relative performance of the detectors in terms of probability of false alarm (Pfa) and probability of detection (Pd). C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ranney, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4477-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4727 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1117/12.478699 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV29N UT WOS:000178477100009 ER PT J AU Yokota, M Buller, MJ Tharion, W Hoyt, RW AF Yokota, M Buller, MJ Tharion, W Hoyt, RW TI Evaluation of military activities using a physiological strain index (PSI). SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1042-0533 J9 AM J HUM BIOL JI Am. J. Hum. Biol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 MA 91 BP 138 EP 138 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Biology SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 508PC UT WOS:000173096800106 ER PT J AU Reynolds, JC Tiu, AB Berg, BW AF Reynolds, JC Tiu, AB Berg, BW TI Asymptomatic cystic fibrosis diagnosed in an adult evaluated for hematuria: art. no. E3 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens (CBAVD); infertility; cystic fibrosis (CF); hematuria; urethral stricture ID TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR; MUTATIONS; GENE; PHENOTYPE; DELTA-F508; IDENTIFICATION; AMYLOIDOSIS; ACTIVATION; GENOTYPE; REGIONS AB We report a case of cystic fibrosis in an asymptomatic man evaluated for hematuria with infertility. The ever-broadening spectrum of atypical adult presentations of cystic fibrosis should prompt physicians to have a lower threshold for ordering genetic screening for cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene mutations. (C) 2002 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Reynolds, JC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 39 IS 1 AR e3 DI 10.1053/ajkd.2002.29924 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 509HU UT WOS:000173141700035 PM 11774129 ER PT J AU Gantt, D Kappelman, J Ketcham, R Colbert, M AF Gantt, D Kappelman, J Ketcham, R Colbert, M TI 3d reconstruction of enamel volume in human and gorilla molars. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Dept Med, Ctr & Sch, Acad Hlth Sci,Dept Med Sci,Interserv Phys Assista, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Anthropol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Geol & Earth Sci, High Resolut X Ray Computed Tomog Facil, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Ketcham, Richard/B-5431-2011 OI Ketcham, Richard/0000-0002-2748-0409 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2002 SU 34 BP 74 EP 74 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 534VG UT WOS:000174609700166 ER PT J AU Yao, DC Jeffrey, RB Mirvis, SE Weekes, A Pederle, MP Kim, C Lane, MJ Prabhakar, P Ralls, PW AF Yao, DC Jeffrey, RB Mirvis, SE Weekes, A Pederle, MP Kim, C Lane, MJ Prabhakar, P Ralls, PW TI Using contrast-enhanced helical CT to visualize arterial extravasation after blunt abdominal trauma: Incidence and organ distribution SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPLENIC TRAUMA; NONSURGICAL MANAGEMENT; NONOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT; INJURY; ADULTS; EMBOLIZATION; HEMORRHAGE; BLUSH AB OBJECTIVE. We evaluated the incidence and organ distribution of arterial extravasation identified using contrast-enhanced helical CT in patients who had sustained abdominal visceral injuries and pelvic fractures after blunt trauma. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Five hundred sixty-five consecutive patients from four level I trauma centers who had CT scans showing abdominal visceral injuries or pelvic fractures were included in this series. The presence or absence of arterial extravasation, as well as the anatomic sites of arterial extravasation, was noted. We obtained clinical follow-up data, including surgical or angiographic findings. RESULTS. In our series, 104 (18.4%) of 565 patients had arterial extravasation. Of the 104 patients, 81 (77.9%) underwent surgery, embolization, or both. The combined rate of surgery or embolization in patients with arterial extravasation was statistically higher than expected at all four institutions (p <0.001). The spleen was the most common organ injured, occurring in 277 (49.0%) of 565 patients, and arterial extravasation occurred in 49 (17.7%) of 277 patients with splenic injury. Several other visceral injuries were associated with arterial extravasation, including hepatic, renal, adrenal, and mesenteric injuries. CONCLUSION. Based on the limited reports of arterial extravasation in the nonhelical CT literature, the percentage (18%) of clinically stable patients in our study with CT scans showing arterial extravasation was higher than anticipated. This finding likely reflects the improved diagnostic capability of helical CT. Although the spleen and liver were the organs most commonly associated with arterial extravasation, radiologists should be aware that arterial extravasation may be associated with several other visceral injuries. C1 Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Maryland Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Radiol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles Cty Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. RP Jeffrey, RB (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 300 Pasteur Dr,H-1307, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 14 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 178 IS 1 BP 17 EP 20 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 505QW UT WOS:000172927900003 PM 11756079 ER PT J AU Eisenstat, RS Whitford, AC Lane, MJ Katz, DS AF Eisenstat, RS Whitford, AC Lane, MJ Katz, DS TI The "flat cava" sign revisited: What is its significance in patients without trauma? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 101st Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY APR 29-MAY 04, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc ID INFERIOR VENA-CAVA; BLUNT TRAUMA; CT FINDINGS; CHILDREN; SHOCK AB OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of the "flat cava" sign on abdominal CT scans in hospitalized patients without trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS. CT scans of the abdomen of 500 inpatients imaged for a wide variety of nontraumatic indications were retrospectively reviewed for a flat cava sign. Two radiologists measured the maximal anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the inferior vena cava at four predetermined levels. The medical records of the subset of patients with a flat cava sign-defined as a maximal transverse-to-anteroposterior ratio of 3:1 or greater at one or more of the four levels-were reviewed for evidence of hypovolemia or hypotension. RESULTS. Seventy patients (14%; 48 women, 22 men) had a flat inferior vena cava present on at least one of the four levels. Of these 70 patients, 21 had definite and three had possible clinical evidence of hypotension or hypovolemia. A flat cava sign isolated to only one level was seen in 22 of the 70 patients, most commonly at the level just below the renal veins, and only four of these 22 patients had evidence of hypotension or hypovolemia. CONCLUSION. Of the 500 inpatients, 14% had a flat cava sign on at least one of the four levels examined on abdominal CT scans. The majority of these patients with a flat cava sign did not have hypotension or evidence of hypovolemia, but a minority (30%) did. C1 Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Katz, DS (reprint author), Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, 259 1st St, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 178 IS 1 BP 21 EP 25 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 505QW UT WOS:000172927900004 PM 11756080 ER PT J AU Swanson, SJ Hypolite, IO Agodoa, LYC Batty, DS Hshieh, PB Cruess, D Kirk, AD Peters, TG Abbott, KC AF Swanson, SJ Hypolite, IO Agodoa, LYC Batty, DS Hshieh, PB Cruess, D Kirk, AD Peters, TG Abbott, KC TI Effect of donor factors on early graft survival in adult cadaveric renal transplantation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE African American donor; body mass index; cadaveric renal transplantation; donor death; donor/recipient weight ratio; graft survival ID ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; SERUM CREATININE; RECIPIENTS; TERM; AGE; DISEASE; KIDNEYS; HYPERTENSION; DYSFUNCTION AB Previous studies of the effect of donor factors on renal transplant outcomes have not tested the role of recipient body mass index, donor/recipient weight ratios and age matching, and other factors. We analyzed 20309 adult (age 16 or older) recipients having solitary cadaveric renal transplants from adult donors from I July 1994 to 30 June 1998 in an historical cohort study (the 2000 United States Renal Data System) of death censored graft loss by the Cox proportional hazards models, which corrected for characteristics thought to affect outcomes. The only independently significant findings in Cox Regression analysis were a high donor/ recipient age ratio ( greater than or equal to 1.10, e.g. a 55-year-old donor given to a recipient age 50 years or younger, adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 3.22, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 2.36-4.39) and African American donor kidneys (AHR 1.64, 95% Cl, 1.24-2.17). African American recipients and older donors were not at independently increased risk of graft failure in this model. Among donor factors, older donor kidneys given to younger recipients and donor African American kidneys were independently associated with graft loss in recipients of cadaver kidneys. The task for the transplant community should be to find the best means for managing all donor organs without discouraging organ donation. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Organ Transplant Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIH, Organ Transplant Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDDK, Off Minor Hlth Res Coordinat, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Jacksonville Transplant Ctr Shands, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012; OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 52 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 2 IS 1 BP 68 EP 75 DI 10.1034/j.1600-6143.2002.020112.x PG 8 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 534AA UT WOS:000174561400011 PM 12095059 ER PT J AU Conn, JE Wilkerson, RC Segura, MNO De Souza, RTL Schlichting, CD Wirtz, RA Povoa, MM AF Conn, JE Wilkerson, RC Segura, MNO De Souza, RTL Schlichting, CD Wirtz, RA Povoa, MM TI Emergence of a new neotropical malaria vector facilitated by human migration and changes in land use SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ANOPHELES-DARLINGI; ELISA DEVELOPMENT; PLASMODIUM-VIVAX; EL-NINO; BRAZIL; SPOROZOITES; CULICIDAE; ARGENTINA; DISEASES AB In a region of northeastern Amazonia, we find a species previously of minor importance, Anopheles marajoara, to be the principal malaria vector. In a total of five collections during 1996-97 in three replicated sites near the city of Macapa, Amapa state, this species occurs in much greater abundance compared with the presumed vector Anopheles darlingi. Also, a significantly higher proportion of An. marajoara is infected with malaria parasites, determined by the ELISA technique. This appears to be the result of increased abundance of An. marajoara due to alterations in land use, invasion of its primary breeding sites by human immigrants, and its anthropophilic behavior. This discovery highlights one of the challenges of Neotropical malaria control, namely that the targeting of specific vectors may be complicated by a changing mosaic of different locally important vectors and their interactions with human populations. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Inst Evandro Chagas, Serv Parasitol, BR-66090000 Belem, Para, Brazil. Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Conn, JE (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, 321 Marsh Life Sci Bldg, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RI Schlichting, Carl/A-1389-2010; OI Conn, Jan/0000-0002-5301-7020 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI054139, AI 40116] NR 32 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 18 EP 22 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 570RY UT WOS:000176672500005 PM 12135261 ER PT J AU Hart, RA Davis, M Miller, AC Grier, JW AF Hart, RA Davis, M Miller, AC Grier, JW TI Changes in the freshwater mussel communities of Lake Pepin, Upper Mississippi River, Minnesota and Wisconsin, 1990-1997 SO AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE unionidae; Dreissenidae; harvest ID DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; ZEBRA MUSSELS; WATER MUSSELS; SURVIVAL; CONSERVATION; BIVALVES AB Densities of unionid mussels were measured at 7 mussel beds in Lake Pepin, Upper Mississippi River Mile (MRM) 784.2-764.5, Minnesota and Wisconsin, from 1990 to 1997. Densities of the commercially harvested threeridge, Amblema plicata, declined at 5 of the 7 mussel beds sampled. The most dramatic decline occurred at the Hok Si La, Minnesota, mussel bed where densities of A. plicata averaged about 22 mussels/m(2) in 1993, and declined to less than or equal to6/m(2) between 1995-97 (F=14.940, df=4, P<0.0001). Densities of non-harvested mussel species remained constant at all but one bed during this research project. Shell height distributions for A. plicata indicate that there is little or no recent recruitment evident for this species within the sampled mussel beds of Lake Pepin. During this study, zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) became established in Lake Pepin. The greatest density of D. polymorpha was found in the downstream portion of the lake, where they had been steadily increasing, reaching average densities of over 4,000 mussels/m(2) in 1997. Our results suggest that commercial harvest of A. plicata is having a negative impact upon their populations within Lake Pepin. We suggest that the findings of the present study, along with population estimates of A. plicata and D. polymorpha, be incorporated into management recommendations that will ensure the continued survival of A. plicata populations into the future. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Zool, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Div Ecol Serv, Lake City, MN 55041 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Hart, RA (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Div Fisheries, Brainerd, MN 56401 USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MALACOLOGICAL SOC, INC PI WILMINGTON PA DELAWARE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, BOX 3937, WILMINGTON, DE 19807-0937 USA SN 0740-2783 J9 AM MALACOL BULL JI Am. Malacol. Bull. PY 2002 VL 17 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 122 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 649LQ UT WOS:000181210300010 ER PT B AU Hoyt, RW Reifman, J Coster, TS Buller, MJ AF Hoyt, RW Reifman, J Coster, TS Buller, MJ BE Kohane, IS TI Combat medical informatics: Present and future SO AMIA 2002 SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS: BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS: ONE DISCIPLINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Symposium of the American-Medical-Informatics-Association CY NOV 09, 2002 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Med Informat Assoc AB In this paper, we describe a U.S. Army concept to monitor soldier physiologic status and provide computer-based medical support to increase the likelihood of soldier survival on the battlefield. Supported by an underlying platform of complex wearable computerized systems, the "Warfighter Physiological Status Monitoring" (WPSM) concept consists of an array of biosensors embedded in the soldier's uniform integrated with a database management system and a decision support system that will provide assistance in casualty prevention and casualty management. We discuss the main components of the WPSM, its present status, key requirements and outstanding challenges, and near- and far-term research directions. C1 USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Hoyt, RW (reprint author), USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC MED PUBLISHERS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA BN 1-56053-600-4 PY 2002 BP 335 EP 339 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BY60A UT WOS:000189418100068 ER PT J AU Brown, LL Patterson, HS Katial, RK AF Brown, LL Patterson, HS Katial, RK TI A case of cyclical asthma exacerbations and associated left upper lobe collapse SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; PREMENSTRUAL ASTHMA; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; CHEST RADIOGRAPHY; MUCUS; MANAGEMENT; THERAPY; DEVICE; WOMEN C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pediat Pulm Dept, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Brown, LL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Bldg 2 Rm 1J, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 88 IS 1 BP 18 EP 23 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 513FX UT WOS:000173368200005 PM 11814273 ER PT S AU Albert, MR AF Albert, MR BE Wolff, EW TI Effects of snow and firn ventilation on sublimation rates SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 35 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ice Cores and Climate CY AUG 19-23, 2001 CL KANGERLUSSUAQ, GREENLAND ID DRY SNOW; ISOTOPIC DIFFUSION; POLAR FIRN; AIR-FLOW; METAMORPHISM; MODEL AB Vapor transport in snow and firn plays a key role in post-depositional changes of many reactive species, in mass and energy balance of large snow-covered areas, and in metamorphic changes of the crystal structure of the snow itself. While conventional estimates of vapor transport and sublimation rate are based on diffusion of water vapor from the snow surface to the atmosphere, ventilation (airflow through interstitial pore spaces) in snow and firn can affect the top several meters of firn, yet the effects of ventilation on sublimation rates in firn have not been previously investigated. In this paper we present the first calculations of sublimation rates due to advective/diffusive airflow and vapor transport in the snow and firn. Airflow velocities, vapor transport and sublimation rates are calculated using a two-dimensional finite-element model. The airflow patterns induce regions of sublimation and regions of condensation within the snow and firn. Because small surface sastrugi move in time as the snow surface profile changes due to wind redeposition, the subsurface flow and regions of condensation and sublimation will also likely change on a time-scale of days to weeks. However, if the roughness features are such that they move very little over time, it is likely that the regions of condensation and sublimation will have a noticeable effect on the microstructure of the firn. While the highest mass-transfer rates occur near the surface, the depth of vapor transport and phase change depends on firn properties, wavelength of the snow surface roughness, and temperature. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Albert, MR (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. OI Albert, Mary/0000-0001-7842-2359 NR 27 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 14 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-30-X J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2002 VL 35 BP 52 EP 56 DI 10.3189/172756402781817194 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BW44W UT WOS:000182023600009 ER PT S AU Luciano, GL Albert, MR AF Luciano, GL Albert, MR BE Wolff, EW TI Bidirectional permeability measurements of polar firn SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 35 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ice Cores and Climate CY AUG 19-23, 2001 CL KANGERLUSSUAQ, GREENLAND ID SNOW AB Ice cores provide a valuable archive of climate history. For a complete understanding of this archive, it is important to understand air-snow exchange processes through the snow and firn in order to fully decode the ice-core record. Transport processes through the snow and firn are dependent upon their physical properties. In this paper, bidirectional permeabilities from selected sections of a 13 in core from Summit, Greenland, are presented. Differences between lateral and vertical permeabilities are evident throughout the core in permeameter data and in microstructure statistics. Both lateral and vertical permeabilities are consistent with overall patterns of previous polar permeability data with depth. The differences between lateral and vertical permeability measurements for some samples can be attributed to equivalent sphere radius. Further studies examining mean free-path length may be helpful in chemical modeling and in deriving an equation relating permeability to microstructure. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Geophys Sci Div, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Luciano, GL (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. OI Albert, Mary/0000-0001-7842-2359 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-30-X J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2002 VL 35 BP 63 EP 66 DI 10.3189/172756402781817095 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BW44W UT WOS:000182023600011 ER PT S AU Albert, MR Hawley, RL AF Albert, MR Hawley, RL BE Wolff, EW TI Seasonal changes in snow surface roughness characteristics at Summit, Greenland: implications for snow and firn ventilation SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 35 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ice Cores and Climate CY AUG 19-23, 2001 CL KANGERLUSSUAQ, GREENLAND ID AIR AB Air-snow transfer processes impact both ice-core interpretation and exchange affecting atmospheric chemistry. An understanding of seasonal differences in the character of the surface snow will facilitate evaluation of possible preferential seasonal exchange of reactive chemical species. Both diffusive processes and advective (ventilation) processes can serve to alter the physical, chemical and isotopic character of snow and firn. In this paper, we examine measurements of surface roughness over the course of a year at Summit, Greenland, and the implications for snow and firn ventilation. At Summit, during the winter-over experiment, summer and fall sastrugi amplitudes were approximately 5 cm and had smoothly curved profiles. The average amplitudes experienced mild increases in january, but by the end of February through March the amplitude increased to approximately 20 cm, and the profiles exhibited more abrupt geometries. Calculations are performed to show the potential impact of the changing roughness on interstitial ventilation rates in the snow, assuming that the permeability profile does not change in 1 time. Under high winds, ventilation velocities in the near-surface snow can be up to 3 cm s(-1) in the winter, compared to 1 cm s(-1) in the summer. The frequency of 12 m s(-1) winds in the summer, however, is less than in the winter. Under low-wind conditions, the summer roughness causes ventilation rates that are comparable to diffusion rates. However, in winter even 5 cm s(-1) wind conditions can cause the interstitial airflow due to ventilation to exceed the diffusion rates. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Geophys Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Albert, MR (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. OI Albert, Mary/0000-0001-7842-2359 NR 11 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-30-X J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2002 VL 35 BP 510 EP 514 DI 10.3189/172756402781816591 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BW44W UT WOS:000182023600080 ER PT J AU Knapik, JJ Canham-Chervak, M Hauret, K Laurin, MJ Hoedebecke, E Craig, S Montain, SJ AF Knapik, JJ Canham-Chervak, M Hauret, K Laurin, MJ Hoedebecke, E Craig, S Montain, SJ TI Seasonal variations in injury rates during US Army Basic Combat Training SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE temperature; physical fitness; training; military personnel ID HEAT-STRESS; MUSCLE METABOLISM; YOUNG MEN; EXERCISE; ACCLIMATION; PREVENTION; DAMAGE; RISK AB Objectives. Previous literature suggests that injury rates during physical activity may be higher in the summer than in the fall or winter, possibly due to the greater amount or intensity of physical activity in the summer. This study examined seasonal differences in injury incidence during US Army Basic Combat Training, where physical activity was similar at all times of the year. Methods. Four independent groups of subjects (total n = 1543 men and 1025 women) were investigated, two training in the summer and two training in the fall. Injury data were obtained from a retrospective review of the subjects' medical records at the conclusion of the 8 week training program. Results. For men, the corrected relative risk of suffering an injury or a time loss injury in the summer was, respectively, 2.0 [95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.7-2.4] and 2.5 (95 % CI = 1.9-3.0) times higher than in the fall. For women, the corrected relative risk of suffering an injury or time-loss injury in the summer was, respectively, 1.4 (95% CI = 1.3-1.6) and 1.7 (95% CI = 1.5-2.0) times higher than in the fall. These risks were essentially unchanged after adjustment for subject physical characteristics (age, stature, body mass, body mass index) and physical fitness (push-ups, sit-ups and 2 mile run), indicating that the summer season was an injury risk factor independent of these variables. Linear correlations (r-values) between maximal daily temperature and injury incidence ranged from 0.92 to 0.97, indicating a strong relationship between these two variables. Conclusions. These data suggest that injury incidence among physically active individuals is higher in the summer than in the fall and that environmental temperature may provide a partial explanation for this finding. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Knapik, JJ (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 33 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 46 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1093/annhyg/mef013 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 521RA UT WOS:000173854300004 PM 12005127 ER PT J AU Woll, MM Fisher, CM Ryan, GB Ponniah, S Peoples, GE AF Woll, MM Fisher, CM Ryan, GB Ponniah, S Peoples, GE TI Direct measurement of peptide specific CD8(+) T cells using HLA-A2: Ig dimer for monitoring the in vivo immune response to a Her2/neu vaccine in breast and prostate cancer patients SO ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Clin Breast Care Project, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Canc Vaccine Dev Lab, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1068-9265 J9 ANN SURG ONCOL JI Ann. Surg. Oncol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 SU S MA 95 BP S38 EP S38 PG 1 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 516ZM UT WOS:000173586700096 ER PT J AU Friedlander, AM Welkos, SL Ivins, BE AF Friedlander, AM Welkos, SL Ivins, BE TI Anthrax vaccines SO ANTHRAX SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RECOMBINANT PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; GUINEA-PIGS; LETHAL FACTOR; RECEPTOR-BINDING; SPORE CHALLENGE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; COMPARATIVE EFFICACY; IN-VITRO AB The only impetus for the development of new anthrax vaccines is to protect humans against the intentional use of Bacillus anthracis as a bioterrorist or warfare agent. Live attenuated vaccines against anthrax in domesticated animals were among the very first vaccines developed. This was followed by the development of nonliving component vaccines leading to the eventual licensure of protein-based vaccines for human use in the 1970s. This chapter will review the recent advances in developing protein, live attenuated, and genetic vaccines against anthrax. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Friedlander, AM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 101 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2002 VL 271 BP 33 EP 60 PG 28 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BV64G UT WOS:000179607200003 PM 12224523 ER PT S AU Lim, S Nasrabadi, NM Mersereau, RM AF Lim, S Nasrabadi, NM Mersereau, RM BE Nasrabadi, NM Katsaggelos, AK TI The use of boosting to improve LVQ ATR classifiers SO APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS IN IMAGE PROCESSING VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Artificial Neural Networks in Image Processing VII CY JAN 24-25, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE boosting; automatic target recognition; FLIR imagery; algorithm fusion; composite classifiers AB Boosting has emerged as a popular combination technique to refine weak classifiers. Pioneered by Freund I and Schapire,(2) numerous variations of the AdaBoost algorithm have emerged, such as Breiman's arc-fs algorithms.(3) The central theme of these methods is the generation of an ensemble of a weak learning algorithm using modified versions of the original training set, with emphasis placed on the more difficult instances. The validation stage then aggregates results from each element of the ensemble using some predetermined rule. In this paper the wavelet decomposition based codebook classifier proposed by Chan et al.(4) is used as the learning algorithm. Starting with the whole training set, modifications to the training set are made at each iteration by resampling the original training data set with replacement. The weights used in the resampling are determined using different algorithms, including AdaBoost and arc-fs. The accuracies of the ensembles generated are then determined using various combination techniques such as simple voting and weighted sums. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lim, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4408-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4668 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1117/12.461671 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU57T UT WOS:000176405100012 ER PT S AU Chan, LA Der, SZ Nasrabadi, NM AF Chan, LA Der, SZ Nasrabadi, NM BE Nasrabadi, NM Katsaggelos, AK TI Dual-band FLIR fusion for target detection SO APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS IN IMAGE PROCESSING VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Artificial Neural Networks in Image Processing VII CY JAN 24-25, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE multispectral; target detection; eigen targets; multilayer perceptron; automatic target recognition; FLIR imagery ID RECOGNITION AB Passive infrared imagers have long been used to detect military targets in operational scenarios. The proliferation of sensors on the battlefield has increased the need for automatic detection algorithms with low false alarm rates and high detection rates. Most infrared imagers currently operate in a single band. We are investigating the utility of dualband passive infrared sensors for target detection, and attempting to quantify the performance improvement over single band sensors. The two bands used in this research were broadband longwave and broadband midwave. The performance differences were observed using a similar set of neural-based target detectors, each of which consists of an eigenspace transformation and a simple multilayer perceptron (MLP) with different inputs. The detectors were trained with midwave-only, longwave-only, as well as signal-level and feature-level dualband inputs. Experimental results indicate significant performance improvement by the dualband inputs over single band data. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chan, LA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4408-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4668 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1117/12.461672 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU57T UT WOS:000176405100013 ER PT S AU Simental, E Guthrie, V AF Simental, E Guthrie, V BE Tescher, AG TI Application of the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) correlation file for use in feature extraction SO APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING XXV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXV CY JUL 08-10, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE IFSAR; SAR; feature extraction; correlation; image analysis AB Fine resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) have been widely used for the purpose of creating viable terrain maps. A map is only as good as the information it contains. Therefore, it is a major priority of the mapmakers that the data that goes into the process be as complete and accurate as possible. In this paper, we analyze IFSAR correlation/decorrelation data to help in terrain feature information. The correlation data contains the correlation coefficient between the bottom and top IFSAR radar channels. It is a 32-bit floating-point number. This number is a measure of the absolute complex correlation coefficient between the signals that are received in each channel. The range of these numbers is between zero and unity. Unity indicates 100% correlation and zero indicates no correlation. The correlation is a function of several system parameters including signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), local geometry, and scattering mechanism. The two radar channels are physically close together and signals are inherently highly correlated. Significant difference is found beyond the fourth decimal place. We have concentrated our analysis on small features that are easily detectable in the correlation/de-correlation data and not so easily detectable in the elevation or magnitude data. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Simental, E (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, 7701 Telegraph Rd, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4557-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4790 BP 518 EP 527 DI 10.1117/12.452200 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV78G UT WOS:000179998100054 ER PT J AU Murphy, ME Montemarano, A AF Murphy, ME Montemarano, A TI Papulovesicles and fever in a 41-year-old woman - Cutaneous eruption of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. RP Murphy, ME (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 138 IS 1 BP 117 EP + PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 512BB UT WOS:000173300300017 PM 11790177 ER PT J AU Piantanida, EW Turiansky, GW Sperling, LC Sau, P AF Piantanida, EW Turiansky, GW Sperling, LC Sau, P TI Frambesiform nodule with an ecchymotic ring - Trichophyton rubrum granulomas (Majocchi granuloma) SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Piantanida, EW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 138 IS 1 BP 119 EP + PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 512BB UT WOS:000173300300019 ER PT J AU Kaplan, KJ Torske, KR AF Kaplan, KJ Torske, KR TI A 3-year-old boy with swelling of the right mandible - Desmoplastic fibroma SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Otolaryngol & Endocrine Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Kaplan, KJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 126 IS 1 BP 107 EP 108 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 513WJ UT WOS:000173403200023 PM 11800663 ER PT J AU Nambiar, MP Juang, YT Tsokos, GC AF Nambiar, MP Juang, YT Tsokos, GC TI Emerging concepts in the molecular pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus SO ARCHIVUM IMMUNOLOGIAE ET THERAPIAE EXPERIMENTALIS LA English DT Review DE systemic lupus erythematosus; autoimmune diseases; pathogenesis ID MEDIATED SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; RECEPTOR ZETA-CHAIN; SIB-PAIR FAMILIES; I PROTEIN-KINASE; NF-KAPPA-B; T-CELLS; ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; SUSCEPTIBILITY GENES; DIMINISHED LEVELS AB Systemic lupus erythematosus is a prototypic autoimmune disease that afflicts predominantly women during their child-bearing age. The disease is characterized by the production of autoantibodies and immune complexes in association with a diverse array of clinical manifestations. Investigation into the etiopathogenesis has been directed at identifying the genes that provide susceptibility to the disease, the complex cellular and cytokine aberrations and the biochemical abnormalities that are responsible for them. Understanding the immune cell signaling and gene transcription abnormalities will help us tailor new strategies for efficient biotherapy of the disease. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Bldg 503,Room 1A32,Robert Grant Av, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI42269] NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST IMMUNOLOGY & EXPERIMENTAL THERAPY PI WROCLAW PA POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES CZERSKA 12, 53-114 WROCLAW, POLAND SN 0004-069X J9 ARCH IMMUNOL THER EX JI Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. PY 2002 VL 50 IS 1 BP 35 EP 45 PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 528QQ UT WOS:000174254800007 PM 11916307 ER PT J AU Nambiar, MP Enyedy, EJ Fisher, CU Krishnan, S Warke, VG Gilliland, WR Oglesby, RJ Tsokos, GC AF Nambiar, MP Enyedy, EJ Fisher, CU Krishnan, S Warke, VG Gilliland, WR Oglesby, RJ Tsokos, GC TI Abnormal expression of various molecular forms and distribution of T cell receptor zeta chain in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID ANTIGEN-RECEPTOR; TCR-ZETA; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; MEMBRANE DOMAINS; ACTIVATION; LYMPHOCYTES; CYTOSKELETON; CARCINOMA; PHOSPHORYLATION AB Objective. T cells from the majority of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) display antigen receptor-mediated signaling aberrations associated with defective T cell receptor (TCR) zeta chain expression. The TCR zeta chain, a critical signaling molecule, exists in multiple molecular forms and membrane fractions with distinct functions in antigen-mediated signaling processes. This study was undertaken to investigate the complete spectrum of expression of the different forms and distribution of the TCR zeta chain in SLE T cells. Methods. T cells were isolated from 48 SLE patients and 21 healthy subjects. The expression of various forms of the TCR zeta chain was investigated by immunoblotting with specific antibodies. The lipid raft-associated form of the zeta chain was determined by quantitating the solubilized zeta chain after disruption of the lipid rafts by cholesterol depletion using methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. The distribution of the zeta chain was investigated by fluorescence microscopy. Results. The phosphorylated 21- and 23-kd forms and the detergent-insoluble membrane-associated form of the TCR zeta chain and alternatively spliced chain were significantly decreased in SLE T cells. In contrast, major ubiquitinated forms of the zeta chain were increased in these cells. We also identified up-regulation of a novel 14-kd form of the chain in SLE T cells. Resting SLE T cell membranes had an increased percentage of the residual membrane-bound zeta chain in the lipid rafts. Fluorescence microscopy findings indicated that the residual zeta chain is more clustered on the cell membranes of SLE T cells. Conclusion. These results suggest that, in addition to the 16-kd form, expression of other molecular forms and fractions of the TCR zeta chain as well as its membrane distribution are abnormal in SLE T cells. Increased lipid raft association and surface clustering of the zeta chain may explain the molecular mechanisms underlying the signaling abnormalities in these cells. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Bldg 503,Room 1A32,Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI-42269] NR 69 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 46 IS 1 BP 163 EP 174 DI 10.1002/1529-0131(200201)46:1<163::AID-ART10065>3.0.CO;2-J PG 12 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 514FM UT WOS:000173428100019 PM 11817588 ER PT J AU Kovacs, B Tsokos, GC AF Kovacs, B Tsokos, GC TI Absence of anti-p53 antibodies in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: comment on the concise communication by Kovacs et al - Reply SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Letter ID P53 C1 Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Forest Glen, MD USA. RP Kovacs, B (reprint author), Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 46 IS 1 BP 276 EP 277 DI 10.1002/1529-0131(200201)46:1<276::AID-ART10033>3.0.CO;2-F PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 514FM UT WOS:000173428100036 ER PT S AU Weber, BA Penn, JA AF Weber, BA Penn, JA BE Sadjadi, FA TI Improved target identification using synthetic infrared images SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 02-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ATR; classifier; target identification; synthetic images; infrared AB The performance of infrared (IR) target identification classifiers, trained on randomly selected subsets of target chips taken from larger databases of either synthetic or measured data, is shown to improve rapidly with increasing subset size. This increase continues until the new data no longer provides additional information, or the classifier can not handle the information, at which point classifier performance levels off. It will also be shown that subsets of data selected with advanced knowledge can significantly outperform randomly selected sets, suggesting that classifier training-sets must be carefully selected if optimal performance is desired. Performance will also be shown to be subject to the quality of data used to train the classifier. Thus while increasing training set size generally improves classifier performance, the level to which the classifier performance can be raised will be shown to depend on the similarity between the training data and testing data. In fact, if the training data to be added to a given set of training data is unlike the testing data, performance will often not improve and may possibly diminish. Having too much data can reduce performance as much as having too little. Our results again [1] demonstrate that an infrared (IR) target-identification classifier, trained on synthetic images of targets and tested on measured images, can perform as well as a classifier trained on measured images alone. We also demonstrate that the combination of the measured and the synthetic image databases can be used to train a classifier whose performance exceeds that of classifiers trained on either database alone. Results suggest that it may be possible to select data subsets from image databases that can optimize target classifiers performance for specific locations and operational scenarios. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,SE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Weber, BA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,SE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4476-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4726 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1117/12.477015 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV20N UT WOS:000178156400009 ER PT S AU Rosario, DS AF Rosario, DS BE Sadjadi, FA TI Multivariate regression as a method for FLIR target detection SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 02-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE FLIR; shape detection; sensor domain knowledge; regression AB I promote using an alternative philosophy for the design of infrared-target-detection algorithms. This philosophy focuses on finding first and eliminating natural clutter from a scene, followed by finding and preserving candidate targets in that scene. The reverse approach is the most common adopted one in the infrared ATR (automatic target recognition) community. This alternative is appealing because it should significantly reduce the amount of out-of-context information to be processed by a classifier. I show how to apply sensor domain knowledge, common sense, and multivariate regression to the problem of infrared target detection. A proof-of-principle experiment and its results are discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Rosario, DS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4476-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4726 BP 103 EP 113 DI 10.1117/12.477016 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV20N UT WOS:000178156400010 ER PT S AU Wellman, M Nasrabadi, N AF Wellman, M Nasrabadi, N BE Sadjadi, FA TI Hyperspectral imagery and segmentation SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 02-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID CLASSIFICATION AB Hyperspectral imagery (HSI), a passive infrared imaging technique which creates images of fine resolution across the spectrum is currently being considered for Army tactical applications. An important tactical application of infra-red (IR) hyperspectral imagery is the detection of low contrast targets, including those targets that may employ camouflage, concealment and deception (CCD) techniques [1,2]. Spectral reflectivity characteristics were used for efficient segmentation between different materials such as painted metal, vegetation and soil for visible to near IR bands in the range of 0.46-1.0 microns as shown previously by Kwon et al [3]. We are currently investigating the HSI where the wavelength spans from 7.5-13.7 microns. The energy in this range of wavelengths is almost entirely emitted rather than reflected, therefore, the gray level of a pixel is a function of the temperature and emissivity of the object. This is beneficial since light level and reflection will not need to be considered in the segmentation. We will present results of a step-wise segmentation analysis on the long-wave infrared (LWIR) hyperspectrum utilizing various classifier architectures applied to both the full-band, broad-band and narrow-band features derived from the Spatially Enhanced Broadband Array Spectrograph System (SEBASS) data base. Stepwise segmentation demonstrates some of the difficulties in the multi-class case. These results give an indication of the added capability the hyperspectral imagery and associated algorithms will bring to bear on the target acquisition problem. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wellman, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4476-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4726 BP 149 EP 161 DI 10.1117/12.477022 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV20N UT WOS:000178156400015 ER PT S AU Lim, S Nasrabadi, NM Mersereau, RM AF Lim, S Nasrabadi, NM Mersereau, RM BE Sadjadi, FA TI Boosting algorithm for LVQ ATR classifiers SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 02-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE boosting; automatic target recognition; FLIR imagery; algorithm fusion; composite classifiers AB Boosting has emerged as a popular combination technique to refine weak classifiers. Pioneered by Freund(1) and Schapire, (2) numerous variations of the AdaBoost algorithm have emerged, such as Breiman's arc-fs algorithms. (3) The central theme of these methods is the generation of an ensemble of a weak learning algorithm using modified versions of the original training set, with emphasis placed on the more difficult instances. The validation stage then aggregates results from each element of the ensemble using some predetermined rule. In this paper the wavelet decomposition based codebook classifier proposed by Chan et al.(4) is used as the learning algorithm. Starting with the whole training set, modifications to the training set are made at each iteration by re-sampling the original training data set with replacement. The weights used in the re-sampling are determined using different algorithms, including AdaBoost and arc-fs. The accuracies of the ensembles generated are then determined using various combination techniques such as simple voting and weighted sums. Boosting improves upon the two classifier methods (K-means and LVQ) by exploiting their inherent codebook nature. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nasrabadi, NM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4476-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4726 BP 193 EP 202 DI 10.1117/12.477026 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV20N UT WOS:000178156400019 ER PT J AU Bakst, MR Akuffo, V AF Bakst, MR Akuffo, V TI Impact of egg storage on embryo development SO AVIAN AND POULTRY BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID DOMESTIC-FOWL; CELL-DEATH; TURKEY; VARIABILITY; APPEARANCE; BLASTODERM; RESPONSES; CLEAVAGE; CHICKEN; GENES AB 1. New information is introduced and other information reviewed regarding the impact of egg storage on the integrity of the avian embryo. 2. Morphologically, the blastoderm from an egg which has been stored more than 10 days is often asymmetrical and may have an attenuated appearance. 3. Fresh egg breakouts coupled with the perivitelline layer sperm-hole determination procedure provide detailed information on the male's contribution to overall fertility. 4. The biological basis for embryonic mortality in eggs stored for longer than 10 days remains the subject of speculation. C1 USA, Dept Agr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv,Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Bakst, MR (reprint author), USA, Dept Agr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv,Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM murray@lpsi.barc.usda.gov NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU SCIENCE REVIEWS 2000 LTD PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1470-2061 J9 AVIAN POULT BIOL REV JI Avian Poult. Biol. Rev. PY 2002 VL 13 IS 3 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.3184/147020602783698520 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 616FZ UT WOS:000179294700001 ER PT S AU Nemeroff, J Garcia, L Hampel, D DiPierro, S AF Nemeroff, J Garcia, L Hampel, D DiPierro, S BE Suresh, R Roper, WE TI Networked sensor communications for the Objective Force SO BATTLESPACE DIGITIZATION AND NETWORK-CENTRIC WARFARE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Battlespace Digitization and Network-Centric Warfare Conference CY APR 03-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB The US Army's Future Combat Systems (FCS) and Objective Force will rely heavily on the use of unattended sensor networks to detect, locate and identify enemy targets in order to survive with less armor protection on the future battlefield. Successful implementation of these critical communication networks will require the collection of the sensor data, processing and collating it with available intelligence, then transporting it in a format conducive to make quick and accurate command decisions based on the latest tactical situational awareness. The networked communications must support both static deployed and mobile ground and air robotic sensors with secure, stealthy, and jam resistant links for sensor fusion and command and control. It is envisioned for broadest application that sensor networks can be deployed in a two-tiered architecture. The architecture includes a lower sensor sub-layer consisting of mixes of acoustic, magnetic and seismic detectors and an upper sub-layer consisting of infrared or visual imagers. The upper sub-layer can be cued by the lower sub-layer and provides a gateway link to the higher echelon tactical maneuver layer networks such as the Tactical Internet. The sensor deployments, networking constraints and reach back distances to Command and Control (C2) nodes will be mission scenario specific, however, the architecture will also apply to tactical unattended sensor, munition and robotic applications. Technologies from the Army Research Laboratory, Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and commercial will be leveraged for this effort. C1 USA, CECOM, RDEC, Space & Terr Commun Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Nemeroff, J (reprint author), USA, CECOM, RDEC, Space & Terr Commun Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4491-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4741 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1117/12.478731 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BV34H UT WOS:000178618100003 ER PT S AU Younger, M Budulas, P Young, S AF Younger, M Budulas, P Young, S BE Suresh, R Roper, WE TI Information hiding technique SO BATTLESPACE DIGITIZATION AND NETWORK-CENTRIC WARFARE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Battlespace Digitization and Network-Centric Warfare Conference CY APR 03-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE port hopping; network information hiding AB Spread spectrum communication techniques have been recognized as a viable method to gain an advantage in interference environments. Many military-oriented systems have been initiated, and some civil systems have been attempted. Spread spectrum allows the ability to hide the signal of interest below or in the noise floor, so as not to be detected. A spread spectrum system is one in which the transmitted signal is spread over a wide frequency band, much wider, in fact, than the minimum bandwidth required to transmit the information being sent. We at Army Research Lab (ARL) are proposing using the same technique on the Internet with port hopping. The information would be transmitted in data packets over multiple ports. The port used would vary per packet or per session basis. This port hopping gives you and the recipients the ability to take datagram's and spread them out over a multitude of ports. This will hide information among the Internet noise. This will allow trusted communications between the transmitter and receiver because of the port coding sequence. There are 64K possible ports to span datagrarn. Jamming of transmission would be limiting the ability of the sniffer/listener. Also, the listener will find it difficult to use a man in the middle attach, since the data will be spread over multiple ports and only the receiver and transmitter will know the specific port sequencing for the datagram. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, CI,CN, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Younger, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, CI,CN, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4491-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4741 BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.1117/12.478734 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BV34H UT WOS:000178618100005 ER PT S AU Luu, BB Gopaul, RD AF Luu, BB Gopaul, RD BE Suresh, R Roper, WE TI Using OpenSSH to secure mobile LAN network traffic SO BATTLESPACE DIGITIZATION AND NETWORK-CENTRIC WARFARE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Battlespace Digitization and Network-Centric Warfare Conference CY APR 03-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE secure communications; encryption; decryption; OpenSSH; IP tunnel; MIP; mobile IP LAN AB Mobile Internet Protocol (IP) Local Area Network (LAN) is a technique, developed by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, which allows a LAN to be IP mobile when attaching to a foreign IP-based network and using this network as a means to retain connectivity to its home network. In this paper, we describe a technique that uses Open Secure Shell (OpenSSH) software to ensure secure, encrypted transmission of a mobile LAN's network traffic. Whenever a mobile LAN, implemented with Mobile IP LAN, moves to a foreign network, its gateway (router) obtains an IP address from the new network. IP tunnels, using IP encapsulation, are then established from the gateway through the foreign network to a "home agent" on its home network. These tunnels provide a virtual two-way connection to the home network for the mobile LAN as if the LAN were connected directly to its home network. Hence, when IP mobile, a mobile LAN's tunneled network traffic must traverse one or more foreign networks that may not be trusted. This traffic could be subject to eavesdropping, interception, modification, or redirection by malicious nodes in these foreign networks. To protect network traffic passing through the tunnels, OpenSSH is used as a means of encryption because it prevents surveillance, modification, and redirection of mobile LAN traffic passing across foreign networks. Since the software is found in the public domain, is available for most current operating systems, and is commonly used to provide secure network communications, OpenSSH is the software of choice. C1 USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Luu, BB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4491-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4741 BP 54 EP 61 DI 10.1117/12.478735 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BV34H UT WOS:000178618100006 ER PT S AU Harrison, JF Kliman, DH Roper, WE AF Harrison, JF Kliman, DH Roper, WE BE Suresh, R Roper, WE TI Dynamic visualization of urban terrain: Movement to navigation in 4D virtual worlds SO BATTLESPACE DIGITIZATION AND NETWORK-CENTRIC WARFARE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Battlespace Digitization and Network-Centric Warfare Conference CY APR 03-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE advanced virtual worlds; urban terrain; visualization tools; MOUT; HERO-DB; VWT; interactive technology; UTP; Photogrammetry; geospatial data; LIDAR; key terrain; next-generation viewers; integrated 3D GIS; wireless; avatars; building cladding; homeland defense AB A variety of source data, hardware/software packages, methodology, and techniques exist for the capture, rendering, and navigation of complex three-dimensional (313) urban terrain. This paper investigates issues, options, and concerns inherent in the movement from 2D to 3D visualization and finally to a display environment in advanced virtual worlds exhibiting four-dimensional (413) urban terrain, the fourth dimension being time. Methodology options are presented as a matrix for 3D feature development. Proposals and recommendations as to future avenues of research in the subject arena are presented as a roadmap to meeting the challenges of visualization for urban operational planning. Applications include humanitarian, emergency, recovery and relief operations, force protection, threat assessment, pre- and post-incident response, mission planning and rehearsal, law enforcement, and Homeland Defense. C1 USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, Terrain Anal Branch, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Harrison, JF (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, Terrain Anal Branch, 7701 Teleg Rd, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4491-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4741 BP 317 EP 328 DI 10.1117/12.478727 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BV34H UT WOS:000178618100032 ER PT J AU Machen, MS Tis, JE Inoue, N Meffert, RH Chao, EYS McHale, KA AF Machen, MS Tis, JE Inoue, N Meffert, RH Chao, EYS McHale, KA TI The effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on regenerate bone in a less-than-rigid biomechanical environment SO BIO-MEDICAL MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ultrasound; distraction osteogenesis; rabbit model; torsional test; external fixation ID FRACTURE MODEL; CALLUS; DISTRACTION; RABBITS; GROWTH AB The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPU) on distraction osteogenesis in a less-than-rigid biomechanical environment in a rabbit model. A less-rigid mini-lengthener was applied and a mid-tibial osteotomy performed in 20 New Zealand White rabbits. After a 7 day latency period, the tibiae were distracted 0.5 mm every 12 hours for 10 days. Ten of the rabbits received LIPU for 20 min/day (ultrasound group) and 10 received sham LIPU (control group) from day 17 until sacrifice on day 37. Radiographs were taken weekly after distraction and the callus area was measured. After sacrifice, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), torsional testing to failure, and histomorphometry were performed. On radiographs, all the treatment tibiae displayed persistent radiolucencies; however, only one of the control tibiae displayed a radiolucent interzone. Torsional strength of the treatment group was 54% of the contralateral tibia compared to 139% in the control group (p<0.008). Bone density and callus size were not significantly different between the 2 groups; however, the ultrasound group displayed a tendency towards more cartilage and fibrous tissue formation (p<0.16) and less bone (p<0.16) than controls. In a biomechanically unstable environment, LIPU appears to stimulate more cartilage formation in regenerated callus than in controls. This callus is biomechanically inferior to unstimulated callus at the early stage of healing tested. During distraction osteogenesis a sound biomechanical environment is important to achieving anticipated results. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Baltimore, MD USA. RP McHale, KA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0959-2989 J9 BIO-MED MATER ENG JI Bio-Med. Mater. Eng. PY 2002 VL 12 IS 3 BP 239 EP 247 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 607KJ UT WOS:000178790500003 PM 12446939 ER PT J AU Seaman, RL Parker, JE Kiel, JL Mathur, SP Grubbs, TR Prol, HK AF Seaman, RL Parker, JE Kiel, JL Mathur, SP Grubbs, TR Prol, HK TI Ultra-wideband pulses increase nitric oxide production by RAW 264.7 macrophages incubated in nitrate SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE gamma interferon; lipopolysaccharide; nitric oxide synthase; GTEM cell ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; MECHANISMS; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS AB The possible effects of ultra-wideband (UWB) pulses on cellular nitric oxide production were tested by measuring nitrite in the medium bathing UWB exposed RAW 264.7 macrophages. A 30 min exposure to 1 ns UWB pulses, repeated at 600 Hz with an estimated SAR of 0.106 W/kg, did not change nitric oxide production by RAW 264.7 cells, with or without stimulation by gamma interferon and lipopolysaccharide. However, when nitrate was added to the medium of stimulated cells, nitric oxide production increased after UWB exposure, indicating a possible action of UWB pulses on induced nitric oxide synthase under certain conditions. Bioelectromagnetics 23:83-87, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, lnc.dagger. C1 McKessonHBOC Clin & Biol Serv, Clin & Biol Serv, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USA, Microwaves Bioeffects Branch, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USAF, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Seaman, RL (reprint author), McKessonHBOC Clin & Biol Serv, Clin & Biol Serv, POB 35460, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD JAN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 83 EP 87 DI 10.1002/bem.100 PG 5 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 507XR UT WOS:000173057000009 PM 11793408 ER PT B AU Sliney, DH AF Sliney, DH BE Holick, MF TI Measurement of photobiological exposure of ocular tissues SO BIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF LIGHT 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Arnold Riki Symposium on the Biologic Effects of Light CY JUN 16-18, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Sci Advisory Comm DE eye; ultraviolet radiation; radiometry; light measurement; cataract ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION EXPOSURE; ACTION SPECTRUM; UV-RADIATION; DOSIMETRY; OUTDOOR; DAMAGE; LIGHT; EYE AB Because of a number of geometrical shading factors, such as the eyelids and brow ridge, the human eye is actually exposed to a very small fraction of incident ultraviolet radiation (UVR). The retina is exposed to visible light and some IR-A radiant energy within an imaged scene. These geometrical and imaging factors challenge the task of attempting to accurately measure the photobiologically significant exposure of the cornea, lens and retina to ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation. The lid opening varies with ambient scene luminance (brightness). It is possible to mathematically predict the opening of the lids and the angular field-of-view from our studies of lid opening. This aids in setting the field-of-view of measurement instruments designed to measure the UVR exposure dose to the cornea and lens. We have measured the UV exposure to the anterior segment of the eye as would occur when a person wears different types of sunglasses. The exposure is greatly affected by the type of sunglass frame and partially to the UV transmittance of the sunglass lenses. In some instances, UV exposures of some specific ocular tissues can actually equal or exceed those when not wearing sunglasses. The light exposure to the retina is not at all uniform in outdoor daylight conditions. The central and superior regions of the retina receive much more light than the inferior retina. Thus instrumentation should simulate these geometrical factors. Instrumentation designed to determine the photobiological dose to ocular tissues must therefore have acceptance field-of-views that mimic those of the human eye. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sliney, DH (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 0-7923-7669-2 PY 2002 BP 33 EP 55 PG 23 WC Biophysics; Medicine, General & Internal SC Biophysics; General & Internal Medicine GA BU72C UT WOS:000176835300004 ER PT B AU Eitzen, EM AF Eitzen, EM BE Knobler, SL Mahmoud, AAF Pray, LA TI Framing the issues SO BIOLOGICAL THREATS AND TERRORISM, WORKSHOP SUMMARY: ASSESSING THE SCIENCE AND RESPONSE CAPABILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop of the Forum on Emerging Infections CY NOV 27-29, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, US FDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Vet Affairs, UDSA, Amer Soc Microbiol, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Eli Lilly & Co, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Wyeth Ayerst Labs C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Eitzen, EM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08253-6 PY 2002 BP 32 EP 34 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BW72M UT WOS:000182974100005 ER PT B AU Friedlander, CAM AF Friedlander, CAM BE Knobler, SL Mahmoud, AAF Pray, LA TI Anthrax SO BIOLOGICAL THREATS AND TERRORISM, WORKSHOP SUMMARY: ASSESSING THE SCIENCE AND RESPONSE CAPABILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop of the Forum on Emerging Infections CY NOV 27-29, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, US FDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Vet Affairs, UDSA, Amer Soc Microbiol, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Eli Lilly & Co, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Wyeth Ayerst Labs C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Friedlander, CAM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08253-6 PY 2002 BP 47 EP 50 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BW72M UT WOS:000182974100009 ER PT B AU Jahrling, PB AF Jahrling, PB BE Knobler, SL Mahmoud, AAF Pray, LA TI Medical countermeasures against the re-emergence of smallpox virus SO BIOLOGICAL THREATS AND TERRORISM, WORKSHOP SUMMARY: ASSESSING THE SCIENCE AND RESPONSE CAPABILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop of the Forum on Emerging Infections CY NOV 27-29, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, US FDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Vet Affairs, UDSA, Amer Soc Microbiol, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Eli Lilly & Co, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Wyeth Ayerst Labs C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Jahrling, PB (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08253-6 PY 2002 BP 51 EP 54 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BW72M UT WOS:000182974100010 ER PT S AU Cancio, LC Brand, D Kerby, J Freeman, JE Hopmeier, M Mansfield, JR AF Cancio, LC Brand, D Kerby, J Freeman, JE Hopmeier, M Mansfield, JR BE MahadevanJansen, A Mantsch, HH Puppels, GJ TI Visible hyperspectral imaging: Monitoring the systemic effects of shock and resuscitation SO BIOMEDICAL VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy II CY JAN 19-20, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE ID ILL EMERGENCY PATIENTS; COLLAGEN; HYPOXIA AB Hyperspectral (HS) imaging has been useful in the monitoring of several medical conditions, which to date have generally involved changes in skin oxygenation in isolated regions of interest such as skin flaps or small bums. Here, by contrast, we present a study in which HSI was used to assess the cutaneous manifestations of significant systemic events. HS imaging of the ventral surface of the lower jaw was used to monitor changes in skin oxygenation during hypovolemic shock induced by pulmonary contusion and hemorrhage in a porcine model, and to monitor the subsequent recovery of oxygenation following resuscitation. Changes are seen both quantitatively, in the level of skin oxygenation as determined by the fitting of reference hemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin spectra to sample spectra, and qualitatively, in the observed spatial distribution or pattern of oxygenation-related changes in the skin. Linear regression was used to correlate these changes with invasively obtained parameters to include mixed venous oxygen saturation and systemic arterial blood pressure. Historically, the assessment of skin color and mottling has been an important, albeit inexact, component of resuscitation algorithms. Now, it is possible to analyze these variables during shock and resuscitation in an objective manner. The clinical utility of these advances needs to be determined. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Cancio, LC (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4353-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4614 BP 159 EP 168 DI 10.1117/12.460792 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Spectroscopy GA BU43A UT WOS:000175970200019 ER PT B AU Dortch, MS Gerald, JA AF Dortch, MS Gerald, JA BE Brebbia, CA Almorza, D Klapperich, H TI Army risk assessment modeling system for evaluating health impacts associated with exposure to chemicals SO BROWNFIELD SITES: ASSESSMENT, REHABILITATION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Brownfields Sites: Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development CY SEP 02-04, 2002 CL CADIZ, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Cadiz AB The Army Risk Assessment Modeling System (ARAMS) is a computer-based, knowledge delivery, and decision support system that integrates multimedia fate/transport, exposure, uptake, and effects of chemicals to assess human and ecological health impacts and risks. ARAMS is being developed to: reduce the time and cost for conducting site-specific health risk assessments; provide more uniform methods for conducting risk assessments with more reliable risk estimates; and reduce the cost of remediation by establishing more reasonable cleanup targets. ARAMS is based on the risk assessment paradigm of combining exposure and effects assessment to characterize risk. ARAMS uses the Framework for Risk Analysis in Multimedia Environmental Systems (FRAMES) for the system main chassis. FRAMES is a modular modeling framework that allows seamless linkage of disparate models and databases. ARAMS contains various tools needed for risk assessment, such as viewers, report generators, and a module for assessing uncertainty. ARAMS allows for both screening-level and focused (i.e., comprehensive) assessments and has linkages to Web-based databases to allow the use of up-to-date information for conducting risk assessments. ARAMS is being fielded in stages with new versions released approximately annually. Although the primary,focus of ARAMS development is associated with models and methods for assessing contaminant exposure and effects on military ranges and bases, it is generally applicable to any setting with contaminated sources or media. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Dortch, MS (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND BN 1-85312-918-6 PY 2002 BP 353 EP 361 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA BV57Q UT WOS:000179397500035 ER PT J AU Mahle, JJ AF Mahle, JJ TI An adsorption equilibrium model for Type 5 isotherms SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE activated carbon; adsorption; adsorption properties ID WATER-ADSORPTION; ACTIVATED CARBON; EQUATION AB Vapor adsorption on porous materials for non-wetting adsorbent-adsorbate pairs, characterized by a Type 5 isotherm, results in low loading at low relative pressure and increased loading due to capillary condensation behavior at higher relative pressure. The relationship between capillary condensation and the Kelvin equation suggests that a simple expression can be developed in which the adsorption equilibrium is obtained from an integrated pore size distribution function. This new expression is shown to describe the Type 5 isotherms of water adsorption on activated carbon. In addition, this expression has useful properties including: (1) finite saturation limit, (2) readily calculated Henry's constant, and (3) readily calculated heat of adsorption, (4) can be written explicitly in terms of partial pressure or adsorbed phase loading and (5) parameter values attributable to the distribution function. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Mahle, JJ (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2002 VL 40 IS 15 BP 2753 EP 2759 AR PII S0008-6223(02)00201-4 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(02)00201-4 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 617EG UT WOS:000179347900002 ER PT J AU Cowan, FM Broomfield, CA Smith, WJ AF Cowan, FM Broomfield, CA Smith, WJ TI Suppression of sulfur mustard-increased IL-8 in human keratinocyte cell cultures by serine protease inhibitors: Implications for toxicity and medical countermeasures SO CELL BIOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE toxicity; protease; protease inhibitor; sulfur mustard; IL-8 AB The toxicity of the chemical warfare blistering agent sulfur mustard (2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide; SM) has been investigated for nearly a century; however, the toxicological mechanisms of SM remain obscure and no antidote exists. The similarity of dermal-epidermal separation caused by SM exposure, proteolysis, and certain bullous diseases has fostered the hypothesis that SM vesication involves proteolysis and/or inflammation. Compound screening conducted by the US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense established that topical application of three tested serine protease inhibitors could reduce SM toxicity in the mouse ear vesicant model. Although most of the drugs with efficacy for SM toxicity in rodent models are anti-inflammatory compounds, no in vitro assay is in current use for screening of potential anti-inflammatory SM antidotes. IL-8 is a potent neutrophil chemotactic cytokine that is increased in human epidermal keratinocyte (HEK) cell cultures following exposure to SM and has been proposed as a marker for SM-induced inflammation. This study was conducted to establish in vitro screening of IL-8 in SM-exposed HEK as a possible model for evaluating candidate compounds prior to in vivo testing. We chose two protease inhibitors, one from those shown as successful in the MEVM (ethyl p-guanidinobenzoate hydrochloride, ICD 1579) and a prototypic inhibitor of trypsin, N-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK). TLCK (62.5 to 1000 mumol/L) or ICD 1579 (31.25 to 1000 mumol/L) was added to HEK cell cultures 1 h after SM exposure (200 mumol/L) and dose-dependently suppressed SM-increased IL-8. The suppression of SM-increased IL-8 by a class of drug candidate compounds such as protease inhibitors may provide a mechanistic marker that helps predict future medical countermeasures for SM toxicity and reduces the need for testing in animal models. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMRUVPB, Biochem Pharmacol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Cowan, FM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMRUVPB, Biochem Pharmacol Branch, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0742-2091 J9 CELL BIOL TOXICOL JI Cell Biol. Toxicol. PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1023/A:1015511720481 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Toxicology SC Cell Biology; Toxicology GA 554DB UT WOS:000175717500003 PM 12083423 ER PT S AU Gooch, WA AF Gooch, WA BE McCauley, JW Crowson, A Gooch, WA Rajendran, AM Bless, SJ Logan, KV Normandia, M Wax, S TI An overview of ceramic armor applications SO CERAMIC ARMOR MATERIALS BY DESIGN SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ceramic Armor Materials by Design held at the Pac Rim IV International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Glass CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL MAUI, HI AB The increasing capability of modem anti-armor threats and the need to field lower weight combat vehicles, capable of engaging an opponent with little preparation, have intensified the need for highly effective passive armor systems. Ceramic armor technology offers significant advantages for meeting future protection requirements, particularly for the U.S. Army's Future Combat System. The investigation and application of ceramics against small arms threats has a long history, dating back to the early 1960s and the ballistic performance of ceramic armors for personnel protection is very high; the principles governing these defeat mechanisms and the design parameters against such threats are now generally understood. However, achieving similar ceramic performance versus larger caliber, kinetic energy penetrator threats have long presented a difficult challenge. This paper presents an overview and discussion of the ballistic requirements, ceramic design factors and a chronology of significant U.S. developments and applications of ceramics for armor. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Gooch, WA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-148-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 134 BP 3 EP 21 PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW33N UT WOS:000181621000001 ER PT S AU Gooch, WA Burkins, MS Palicka, R AF Gooch, WA Burkins, MS Palicka, R BE McCauley, JW Crowson, A Gooch, WA Rajendran, AM Bless, SJ Logan, KV Normandia, M Wax, S TI Ballistic development of US high density tungsten carbide ceramics SO CERAMIC ARMOR MATERIALS BY DESIGN SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ceramic Armor Materials by Design held at the Pac Rim IV International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Glass CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL MAUI, HI AB The United States and France, under a cooperative research agreement have developed a new class of high density ceramics which inherently provide high space efficiency and reduced susceptibility to damage accumulation effects in thick sections. While many ceramics were considered, this research has focused on tungsten carbide based ceramics. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory, in cooperation with Cercom Inc. has developed a hot-pressed tungsten carbide ceramic for ballistic applications. This paper will present a survey of high density ceramics, document the mechanical and elastic properties of the U.S. WC ceramic and baseline the ballistic performance. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Gooch, WA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-148-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 134 BP 53 EP 61 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW33N UT WOS:000181621000005 ER PT S AU Normandia, MJ Gooch, WA AF Normandia, MJ Gooch, WA BE McCauley, JW Crowson, A Gooch, WA Rajendran, AM Bless, SJ Logan, KV Normandia, M Wax, S TI An overview of ballistic testing methods of ceramic materials SO CERAMIC ARMOR MATERIALS BY DESIGN SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ceramic Armor Materials by Design held at the Pac Rim IV International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Glass CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL MAUI, HI ID TUNGSTEN LONG RODS; SPHERICAL CAVITY EXPANSION; HYPERVELOCITY PENETRATION; IMPACT VELOCITIES; CARBIDE TARGETS; BORON-CARBIDE; KM/S; RESISTANCE; ALUMINUM; TILES AB An overview of impact testing techniques used to characterize or evaluate engineering structural ceramics for armor applications is presented. The required brevity of this paper restricts the detail to a listing of the commonly used testing methods, a categorization of ballistic techniques, and an extensive, but far from complete, listing of key references appears in alphabetical order, and we apologize for any omissions. Individual speakers have been invited to this conference, and they will provide greater detail of the testing techniques, the evaluation procedures, and of the armor system design methodologies. In addition, the presentation provides typical testing configurations, typical results, and test objectives. A similar presentation and companion paper on ceramic armors by Gooch also provides information on how this data is typically used to construct armor systems. A categorization of the testing techniques is provided to classify testing methods into those that attempt to characterize a particular ceramic material's properties, those that attempt to evaluate and rank a ceramic material's performance for arm or applications, and those techniques that actually evaluate the ceramic in configurations more representative of armor systems. Finally, we discuss some of the difficulties in utilizing these testing techniques for ranking ceramic materials, particularly due to the fairly recent discovery of dwell, which has had profound effects on data evaluation. Dwell describes the behavior of an eroding penetrator prior to penetration and in certain circumstances a penetrator can completely erode on the ceramic surface without penetration. C1 USA, Res Lab, Armor Mech Branch,AMSRL WM TA, Terminal Effects Div,Weapons & Mat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Normandia, MJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Armor Mech Branch,AMSRL WM TA, Terminal Effects Div,Weapons & Mat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 72 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-148-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 134 BP 113 EP 138 PG 26 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW33N UT WOS:000181621000011 ER PT S AU Dandekar, DP Rapacki, EJ AF Dandekar, DP Rapacki, EJ BE McCauley, JW Crowson, A Gooch, WA Rajendran, AM Bless, SJ Logan, KV Normandia, M Wax, S TI Compressibility and shear strength of titanium diboride under plane shock wave loading SO CERAMIC ARMOR MATERIALS BY DESIGN SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ceramic Armor Materials by Design held at the Pac Rim IV International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Glass CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL MAUI, HI AB Compressibility and shear strength of ceramics influence the potential usefulness of these materials in protective systems against ballistic impact threats. These properties of ceramics, due to their dominant brittle nature, can undergo drastic changes under impact induced stress waves, and thus determine its ultimate impact worthiness. This work brings together the results of shock wave investigations on titanium diboride (TiB2) having a bearing on its compressibility and shear strength. Further, the results of a limited number of shock-release-reshock (double-shock) experiments performed on TiB2 indicate that the observed work-hardening response of TiB2 above the Hugoniot Elastic Limit (HEL) under the initial shock compression augments its shear strength under the subsequent shock wave loading. The results of this type of experiment are crucial for developing a better understanding of the performance of ceramics under ballistic impact, and for aiding the development of material models to predict the ballistic performance of ceramics in armor configurations. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM TD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM TD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-148-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 134 BP 249 EP 259 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW33N UT WOS:000181621000021 ER PT S AU Rajendran, AM AF Rajendran, AM BE McCauley, JW Crowson, A Gooch, WA Rajendran, AM Bless, SJ Logan, KV Normandia, M Wax, S TI Historical perspective on ceramic materials damage models SO CERAMIC ARMOR MATERIALS BY DESIGN SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ceramic Armor Materials by Design held at the Pac Rim IV International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Glass CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL MAUI, HI ID HIGH-STRAIN RATE; MICROMECHANICAL MODEL; BRITTLE MATERIALS; IMPACT; DEFORMATION; INDENTATION; BEHAVIOR; TARGETS; FAILURE AB Due to their high compressive strength, ceramic materials have been frequently employed in armor systems for vehicle and soldier protection. Ceramics are also candidate materials for ceramic engine components (turbine blades, etc.) and aircraft engine containment systems due to their high temperature properties. This paper. presents a history of various approaches taken by researchers to describe the brittle fracture of ceramics from the analytical modeling of indentation processes to the recent high fidelity computational modeling of projectile penetration processes in ceramic plates. C1 USA, Res Lab, ARO, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, ARO, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-148-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 134 BP 281 EP 297 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW33N UT WOS:000181621000024 ER PT S AU Templeton, DW Holmquist, TJ Meyer, HW Grove, DJ Leavy, B AF Templeton, DW Holmquist, TJ Meyer, HW Grove, DJ Leavy, B BE McCauley, JW Crowson, A Gooch, WA Rajendran, AM Bless, SJ Logan, KV Normandia, M Wax, S TI A comparison of ceramic material models SO CERAMIC ARMOR MATERIALS BY DESIGN SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ceramic Armor Materials by Design held at the Pac Rim IV International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Glass CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL MAUI, HI ID IMPACT; PENETRATION; TARGETS AB This paper presents results of a study investigating two different ceramic models using two different computer codes and comparing their performance for terminal ballistic problems. Computations were performed using the Johnson-Holmquist (JH-1) and the Rajendran-Grove (RG) constitutive models for brittle materials, for penetration problems into ceramics as implemented in both the Eulerian CTH and the Lagrangian, EPIC shock physics codes. The results of the computations are compared to each other and experimental data, and an assessment is made of the models' utility for typical armor design problems. C1 US Army Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Templeton, DW (reprint author), US Army Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-148-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 134 BP 299 EP 308 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW33N UT WOS:000181621000025 ER PT S AU Holmquist, TJ Johnson, GR AF Holmquist, TJ Johnson, GR BE McCauley, JW Crowson, A Gooch, WA Rajendran, AM Bless, SJ Logan, KV Normandia, M Wax, S TI Modeling ceramic dwell and interface defeat SO CERAMIC ARMOR MATERIALS BY DESIGN SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ceramic Armor Materials by Design held at the Pac Rim IV International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Glass CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL MAUI, HI ID SILICON-CARBIDE; STRENGTH AB This paper presents computational modeling of ceramic dwell and interface defeat, using the EPIC code and the JH-1 constitutive model for ceramics. Computations are presented for various projectiles impacting various silicon carbide (SiC-B) targets. The computational results are shown to provide good agreement with experimental data in the literature. Also included are the JH-1 constants for SiC-B, the procedure used to determine the constants, and a description of some important computational features involving finite elements and meshless particles. C1 USA, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Network CS, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. RP Holmquist, TJ (reprint author), USA, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Network CS, 1200 Washington Ave S, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-148-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 134 BP 309 EP 316 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW33N UT WOS:000181621000026 ER PT S AU Grove, DJ Rajendran, AM AF Grove, DJ Rajendran, AM BE McCauley, JW Crowson, A Gooch, WA Rajendran, AM Bless, SJ Logan, KV Normandia, M Wax, S TI Overview of the Rajendran-Grove ceramic failure model SO CERAMIC ARMOR MATERIALS BY DESIGN SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ceramic Armor Materials by Design held at the Pac Rim IV International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Glass CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL MAUI, HI ID GENERALIZED GRIFFITH CRITERION; CRACK-PROPAGATION; ELASTIC-MODULI AB This paper provides an up-to-date detailed description of the Rajendran-Grove (RG) ceramic failure model. Damage initiates and evolves when the stress state satisfies either a generalized Griffith criterion or a spall criterion. The ceramic material's stiffness decreases as the microcrack damage increases, and microcrack coalescence is assumed to occur at a critical crack density. The RG model has been permanently implemented in the latest version of the EPIC code. EPIC simulations were performed to evaluate the predictive capabilities of the model for a benchmark suite of dynamic impact experiments. Results from these calculations are presented and discussed in this paper. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-148-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 134 BP 371 EP 382 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW33N UT WOS:000181621000032 ER PT S AU Stepp, DM AF Stepp, DM BE McCauley, JW Crowson, A Gooch, WA Rajendran, AM Bless, SJ Logan, KV Normandia, M Wax, S TI Damage mitigation in ceramics: Historical developments and future directions in army research SO CERAMIC ARMOR MATERIALS BY DESIGN SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ceramic Armor Materials by Design held at the Pac Rim IV International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Glass CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL MAUI, HI ID DYNAMIC-MECHANICAL RESPONSE; COMMINUTION; SHELLS AB U.S. Army Research in materials science continues to address the need for high performance ceramic materials capable of providing superior protection for the soldier and vehicles in the battlefield; critical to this need is the elucidation of physical mechanisms that govern the initiation, propagation, and mitigation of deformation-induced damage. Examples of significant research advances in this area include such topics as advanced processing, novel characterization tools, biomimetics, and the altering of comminuted ceramic flow. The U.S. Army's objective force, which requires that ceramic armor materials be extremely lightweight and affordable, serves to further underscore the critical need for illumination of these governing mechanisms in order to improve ceramic armor design with robust methods of damage mitigation. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Stepp, DM (reprint author), USA, Res Off, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-148-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 134 BP 421 EP 428 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW33N UT WOS:000181621000035 ER PT S AU Wells, JM Rupert, NL Green, WH AF Wells, JM Rupert, NL Green, WH BE McCauley, JW Crowson, A Gooch, WA Rajendran, AM Bless, SJ Logan, KV Normandia, M Wax, S TI Progress in the 3-D visualization of interior ballistic damage in armor ceramics SO CERAMIC ARMOR MATERIALS BY DESIGN SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ceramic Armor Materials by Design held at the Pac Rim IV International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Glass CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL MAUI, HI AB The authors present an overview of their research results utilizing X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) techniques to nondestructively reveal the internal meso-scale damage morphology within encapsulated armor ceramic targets of TiC, TiB2, Al2O3, and SiC. Examples of the physical damage observed in situ include traditional conical, radial and laminar cracking in impacted samples both with and without penetration. Additional observations reveal instances of outer edge radial cracks, periodic through-thickness laminar cracks, and concentric inplane circular cracking "beach-marks". Examples of asymmetric mixed-type cracking damage isolation and of the spatial distribution of residual tungsten alloy penetrator material are also presented for improved 3-D visualization of complex internal damage conditions. Finally, the authors discuss the premise that this observed meso-scale cracking contributes significantly to the onset conditions for penetration. C1 USA, Army Res Lab, Weapons & Materials Res Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Wells, JM (reprint author), USA, Army Res Lab, Weapons & Materials Res Div, Bldg 4600, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-148-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 134 BP 441 EP 448 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW33N UT WOS:000181621000037 ER PT S AU Sennett, M Chang, S Doremus, RH Siegel, RW Ajayan, PM Schadler, LS AF Sennett, M Chang, S Doremus, RH Siegel, RW Ajayan, PM Schadler, LS BE McCauley, JW Crowson, A Gooch, WA Rajendran, AM Bless, SJ Logan, KV Normandia, M Wax, S TI Improved performance of alumina ceramics with carbon nanotube reinforcement SO CERAMIC ARMOR MATERIALS BY DESIGN SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ceramic Armor Materials by Design held at the Pac Rim IV International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Glass CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL MAUI, HI ID STRENGTH AB Nanoscale alumina powder and carbon nanotubes were mixed and hot-pressed to form dense ceramic-matrix composites. The strength and fracture toughness of hot-pressed alpha-alumina was much greater than that of conventional grain size polycrystalline alumina. The addition of carbon nanotubes to the alumina resulted in composites with even greater strength and fracture toughness. Hot pressing in a vacuum improved both of these properties over hot pressing in argon. These results suggest that lightweight composites of high strength and fracture toughness can be made from composites of nanophase alumina, or other ceramics, and carbon nanotubes. C1 USA, SBCCOM, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01776 USA. RP Sennett, M (reprint author), USA, SBCCOM, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01776 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-148-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 134 BP 551 EP 556 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW33N UT WOS:000181621000046 ER PT S AU LaSalvia, JC AF LaSalvia, JC BE McCauley, JW Crowson, A Gooch, WA Rajendran, AM Bless, SJ Logan, KV Normandia, M Wax, S TI Recent progress on the influence of microstructure and mechanical properties on ballistic performance SO CERAMIC ARMOR MATERIALS BY DESIGN SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ceramic Armor Materials by Design held at the Pac Rim IV International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Glass CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL MAUI, HI ID CERAMIC TARGETS; BRITTLE MATERIALS; COMPRESSION; PENETRATION; INDENTATION; FAILURE; DAMAGE; TRANSITION; FRACTURE; SOLIDS AB Recent work on a terminal ballistic phenomenon known as dwell has led to the identification of the important ceramic characteristics that govern this phenomenon. In the ballistics community, dwell is used to describe the non-penetration phase (complete or partial) of a long-rod projectile impacting on a target. Because of the typical densities and velocities of long-rod projectiles, dwell is typically observed in targets containing ceramics with high hardness values. Recovery of ceramics from experiments in which complete dwell occurred has led to the observation and basic understanding of the damage mechanisms. Most notable is the importance of shear with respect to these mechanisms. Consequently, a model for the transition from dwell-to-penetration (a ballistic performance measure) was formulated by combining a micromechanics-based compressive failure model with Hertz's theory for frictionless contact between axisymmetric linear-elastic bodies. The resulting model indicates the relative importance of a ceramic's grain size, short-crack fracture toughness, yield strength, Poisson's ratio, coefficient of friction, and critical crack-length on the dwell/penetration transition. The motivation, derivation, and predictions of the model are presented. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP LaSalvia, JC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-148-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 134 BP 557 EP 570 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW33N UT WOS:000181621000047 ER PT S AU Patel, PJ Gilde, GA AF Patel, PJ Gilde, GA BE McCauley, JW Crowson, A Gooch, WA Rajendran, AM Bless, SJ Logan, KV Normandia, M Wax, S TI Transparent armor materials: Needs and requirements SO CERAMIC ARMOR MATERIALS BY DESIGN SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ceramic Armor Materials by Design held at the Pac Rim IV International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Glass CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL MAUI, HI DE transparent; ceramic; armor; aluminum oxynitride; spinel; sapphire; polycarbonate; polyurethane ID GROWTH AB There has been interest in improving transparent armor for use in Army vehicles. Future combat and non-combat environments will require lightweight, threat adjustable, multifunctional, and affordable armor. Significant improvements can be achieved through insertion of new materials. However, an emphasis must be placed on user needs and requirements in addition to improvements in ballistic performance. Current glass/polycarbonate technologies are not expected to meet the increased requirements for transparent protection. Results over the past few years indicate that the use of transparent crystalline ceramics and advanced polymers greatly improve the performance of a system. An overview of user requirements, applications, and current efforts in transparent armor will be discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Patel, PJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-148-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 134 BP 573 EP 586 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW33N UT WOS:000181621000048 ER PT S AU Adams, J Gilde, GA Burkins, M Franks, LP AF Adams, J Gilde, GA Burkins, M Franks, LP BE McCauley, JW Crowson, A Gooch, WA Rajendran, AM Bless, SJ Logan, KV Normandia, M Wax, S TI Microstructure development of aluminum oxide/titanium diboride composites for penetration resistance SO CERAMIC ARMOR MATERIALS BY DESIGN SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ceramic Armor Materials by Design held at the Pac Rim IV International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Glass CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL MAUI, HI AB Early research on aluminum oxide/titanium diboride (Al2O3/TiB2) Composites focused on exploiting their potential as a low cost armor ceramic. Limited ballistic data demonstrated that the microstructure has a dramatic effect on ballistic performance. With the "preferred" microstructure, the penetration resistance of Al2O3/TiB2 approached that of monolithic TiB2 ceramics. Challenges were encountered both in quantifying the microstructural detail and fabricating the desired microstructure. Our research focused on microstructure control during fabrication and correlation of microstructure with mechanical properties and penetration resistance of the composite. Composites were made from mixed Al2O3 and TiB2 powders, as well as a composite Al2O3/TiB2 powder prepared via a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction. A summary of depth of penetration ballistic analyses for several projectiles is given. Our results show that although the penetration resistance of Al2O3/TiB2 composites is good, the results fall within the expected experimental scatter shown by commercial state-of-the-art armor ceramics. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Adams, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-148-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 134 BP 629 EP 634 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW33N UT WOS:000181621000053 ER PT S AU Doherty, KJ AF Doherty, KJ BE McCauley, JW Crowson, A Gooch, WA Rajendran, AM Bless, SJ Logan, KV Normandia, M Wax, S TI The effect of metal-ceramic bonding on ballistic impact SO CERAMIC ARMOR MATERIALS BY DESIGN SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ceramic Armor Materials by Design held at the Pac Rim IV International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Glass CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL MAUI, HI AB Lightweight armor systems are crucial to the survivability of future Army vehicles. The combination of ceramics and lightweight metals is a key element in modem armor packages. The interface created when joining metals and ceramics can have a significant influence on the behavior of the entire system. In this study, the joining of SiC and Ti-6Al-4V plates was demonstrated using an active solder, Sn-4Ag, containing similar to4 wt% Ti. This configuration was compared with plates joined using an epoxy. Preliminary ballistic evaluation and microstructural analysis of the joints in the different armor systems will be discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons Mat Res Directorat, AMSRL WM MC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Doherty, KJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons Mat Res Directorat, AMSRL WM MC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-148-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 134 BP 635 EP 642 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW33N UT WOS:000181621000054 ER PT B AU Winkel, BJ AF Winkel, BJ BE Arney, C Small, D TI The development of a more interdisciplinary academic culture SO CHANGING CORE MATHEMATICS SE MAA NOTES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Changing Core Mathematics CY 1999 CL UNITED STATES MIL ACAD, W POINT, NY HO UNITED STATES MIL ACAD AB Mathematics education must continue to advance toward being integrated throughout the undergraduate curriculum. The needs of our society point to an educational process that is engulfed in interdisciplinary approaches to teaching and learning. This note reflects briefly upon the why and the how of a transition to a more interdisciplinary academic culture. The barriers among academic departments should exist to hold up the building and not to fragment the learning process. It will take effort, support, and compassion to meld integrated learning communities, however, it will be an exciting journey. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATHEMATICAL ASSOC AMERICA SERVICE CENTER PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 91112, WASHINGTON, DC 20090-1112 USA BN 0-88385-172-5 J9 MAA NOTES SER PY 2002 VL 61 BP 43 EP 47 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BX66G UT WOS:000186052200003 ER PT B AU Krahn, G AF Krahn, G BE Arney, C Small, D TI Interdisciplinary culture - a result not a goal SO CHANGING CORE MATHEMATICS SE MAA NOTES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Changing Core Mathematics CY 1999 CL UNITED STATES MIL ACAD, W POINT, NY HO UNITED STATES MIL ACAD AB Interdisciplinary activities are ideal for nurturing the skills of reasoning. This allows the discipline of mathematics to become a thread throughout various academic disciplines. This note addresses why the process of mathematics education requires a continuum of double movements. The first movement often departs the environment typically associated with mathematics and enters other academic disciplines linked by problems and concepts. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATHEMATICAL ASSOC AMERICA SERVICE CENTER PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 91112, WASHINGTON, DC 20090-1112 USA BN 0-88385-172-5 J9 MAA NOTES SER PY 2002 VL 61 BP 49 EP 51 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BX66G UT WOS:000186052200004 ER PT B AU Wattenberg, F AF Wattenberg, F BE Arney, C Small, D TI The impact of technology on experimentation and its implications for how and what students learn in calculus SO CHANGING CORE MATHEMATICS SE MAA NOTES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Changing Core Mathematics CY 1999 CL UNITED STATES MIL ACAD, W POINT, NY HO UNITED STATES MIL ACAD AB Modem technology provides students and educators with a rare opportunity to bring experimentation to life in a classroom environment. We present several illustrative examples of using experimentation to complement student learning of associated mathematical topics using resources available through commercial means and freely accessible on the World Wide Web. Additionally, we present a general philosophy focusing on how one might effectively and efficiently integrate experimentation into their curriculum. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATHEMATICAL ASSOC AMERICA SERVICE CENTER PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 91112, WASHINGTON, DC 20090-1112 USA BN 0-88385-172-5 J9 MAA NOTES SER PY 2002 VL 61 BP 77 EP 84 PG 8 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BX66G UT WOS:000186052200009 ER PT B AU Driscoll, PJ AF Driscoll, PJ BE Arney, C Small, D TI Technology and curriculum structuring SO CHANGING CORE MATHEMATICS SE MAA NOTES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Changing Core Mathematics CY 1999 CL UNITED STATES MIL ACAD, W POINT, NY HO UNITED STATES MIL ACAD AB We present a general framework of how educational technologies can have an impact upon mathematics curriculum development, illustrating various relationships that exist between student and faculty perspectives. Mathematics education exists within an environment of changing students and faculty, changing technology, and changing expectations. Rather than constraining curriculum design by iterating from traditional textbook content, we propose that educators must now think of courses and curriculum in a novel way that uses technology to maximize the curriculum's ability to deliver customized, relevant content that meets the needs of students now and in the future. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATHEMATICAL ASSOC AMERICA SERVICE CENTER PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 91112, WASHINGTON, DC 20090-1112 USA BN 0-88385-172-5 J9 MAA NOTES SER PY 2002 VL 61 BP 89 EP 95 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BX66G UT WOS:000186052200011 ER PT B AU Myers, JD AF Myers, JD BE Arney, C Small, D TI Pedagogically effective use of technology SO CHANGING CORE MATHEMATICS SE MAA NOTES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Changing Core Mathematics CY 1999 CL UNITED STATES MIL ACAD, W POINT, NY HO UNITED STATES MIL ACAD AB Student-accessible technology is now almost universally available and its use in our classrooms is increasing rapidly. In some quarters it has become almost the badge of reform to be known as a technology user. Our students are inundated with graphing calculators, CAS systems, and specialized software packages, each weighing in with performance claims in their respective niches. Is our plan pedagogically sound, and are we heading in a direction that best benefits our students? In this paper, we investigate issues surrounding technology tradeoffs, the uses of technology, and the potential future technology holds for mathematics education. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATHEMATICAL ASSOC AMERICA SERVICE CENTER PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 91112, WASHINGTON, DC 20090-1112 USA BN 0-88385-172-5 J9 MAA NOTES SER PY 2002 VL 61 BP 105 EP 109 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BX66G UT WOS:000186052200013 ER PT B AU Snook, KG AF Snook, KG BE Arney, C Small, D TI A continuum of choice: Instructional techniques in undergraduate mathematics SO CHANGING CORE MATHEMATICS SE MAA NOTES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Changing Core Mathematics CY 1999 CL UNITED STATES MIL ACAD, W POINT, NY HO UNITED STATES MIL ACAD AB Constructivism has offered a philosophical basis for change in the teaching of mathematics. With the belief that all students construct their own knowledge and do so in very different and individual ways, it becomes imperative to use a variety of teaching strategies. This paper considers teaching strategies that can be implemented along a continuum of choice to move toward a student-centered constuctivist classroom. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATHEMATICAL ASSOC AMERICA SERVICE CENTER PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 91112, WASHINGTON, DC 20090-1112 USA BN 0-88385-172-5 J9 MAA NOTES SER PY 2002 VL 61 BP 143 EP 149 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BX66G UT WOS:000186052200020 ER PT B AU Outing, D AF Outing, D BE Arney, C Small, D TI Mercury in the reservoirs: Water's OK, but don't eat the fish SO CHANGING CORE MATHEMATICS SE MAA NOTES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Changing Core Mathematics CY 1999 CL UNITED STATES MIL ACAD, W POINT, NY HO UNITED STATES MIL ACAD C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATHEMATICAL ASSOC AMERICA SERVICE CENTER PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 91112, WASHINGTON, DC 20090-1112 USA BN 0-88385-172-5 J9 MAA NOTES SER PY 2002 VL 61 BP 171 EP 172 PG 2 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BX66G UT WOS:000186052200024 ER PT B AU Arterburn, D Jaye, M Myers, J Nygren, K AF Arterburn, D Jaye, M Myers, J Nygren, K BE Arney, C Small, D TI Aircraft flight strategies SO CHANGING CORE MATHEMATICS SE MAA NOTES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Changing Core Mathematics CY 1999 CL UNITED STATES MIL ACAD, W POINT, NY HO UNITED STATES MIL ACAD C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATHEMATICAL ASSOC AMERICA SERVICE CENTER PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 91112, WASHINGTON, DC 20090-1112 USA BN 0-88385-172-5 J9 MAA NOTES SER PY 2002 VL 61 BP 173 EP 178 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BX66G UT WOS:000186052200025 ER PT B AU Horton, S Day, D Napoli, A Barraclough, B Hansler, G Samek, J AF Horton, S Day, D Napoli, A Barraclough, B Hansler, G Samek, J BE Arney, C Small, D TI Analyzing the safety of a dam SO CHANGING CORE MATHEMATICS SE MAA NOTES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Changing Core Mathematics CY 1999 CL UNITED STATES MIL ACAD, W POINT, NY HO UNITED STATES MIL ACAD C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATHEMATICAL ASSOC AMERICA SERVICE CENTER PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 91112, WASHINGTON, DC 20090-1112 USA BN 0-88385-172-5 J9 MAA NOTES SER PY 2002 VL 61 BP 179 EP 181 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BX66G UT WOS:000186052200026 ER PT B AU Gailani, J Jepsen, R Roberts, J Lick, W AF Gailani, J Jepsen, R Roberts, J Lick, W BE Pellei, M Porta, A Hinchee, RE TI Predictive modeling of mixed sediment cap stability during storms SO CHARACTERIZATION OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments CY OCT 10-12, 2001 CL VENICE, ITALY SP Battelle Geneva Res Ctr, Azienda Multiservizi Ambientali Veneziana ID BULK-DENSITY; EROSION AB The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) assisted in design of a confined aquatic disposal (CAD) facility for storage of contaminated sediments in an existing borrow pit in Los Angeles/Long Beach (LA/LB) Harbor. A number of studies were conducted to define various design parameters and address regulatory agency concerns. One of these studies was performed to predict potential storm-induced erosion from capped sediments placed in one CAD cell. The proposed capping material is a nearby mixed sediment deposit of sand, silt, and clay. Field and laboratory experiments were performed to develop site-specific erosion rate algorithms for the proposed cap sediment as a function of shear stress and bulk density (depth below the sediment-water interface). Models were applied to simulate time histories of current and wave conditions inside the harbor for storms of record between 1970 and 1990. The erosion algorithms were incorporated into the USACE Long Term FATE of dredged material (LTFATE) model to predict cap erosion during each storm. Erosion tests indicated that the proposed cap material is more resistant to erosion than pure sand due to the approximately 10% clay-size content. Simulations indicated that the cap would partially erode but maintain coverage during energetic storms. C1 USACE, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Gailani, J (reprint author), USACE, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-127-2 PY 2002 BP 115 EP 122 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BV03U UT WOS:000177665400015 ER PT S AU Knechtges, PL Gargan, TP Burrows, WD AF Knechtges, PL Gargan, TP Burrows, WD BE Jensen, JL Burggraf, LW TI Science and Technology Objective (STO) to develop tests for detecting microbial and chemical contaminants in food and water SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EARLY WARNING MONITORING FOR WATER, FOOD AND GROUND SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Early Warning Monitoring for Water, Food, and Ground CY NOV 01-02, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE DE microbial & chemical contamination; military needs; E. coli; water and food safety; waterborne & foodborne diseases; rapid detection tests AB The assurance of safe food and water is paramount to the health and performance of the warfighter. Any technology to assess the chemical and microbial purity of food and water under field conditions must meet rigorous criteria: it must be readily portable, provide timely results (no more than 4 hours), have adequate sensitivity (1 cfu/100 mL for potable water), be compatible with military power sources, and be of complexity appropriate for operation by a Preventive Medicine Specialist. The nomination of an Army Science and Technology Objective (STO) leads to assessment of existing technologies and commercial products; identification of users, regulators and developers; definition of essential capabilities; and consideration of potential obstructions. The U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research has identified a number of technologies for detecting niicrobial contaminants in food and water and has pursued development of the more promising examples. This paper examines developmental risks in the context of the STO and offers some insight and strategies to manage them. C1 USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Knechtges, PL (reprint author), USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, 568 Doughten Dr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4303-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4575 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1117/12.456908 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BU46S UT WOS:000176067200001 ER PT S AU van der Schalie, WH Reuter, R Shedd, TR Knechtges, PL AF van der Schalie, WH Reuter, R Shedd, TR Knechtges, PL BE Jensen, JL Burggraf, LW TI Environmental Sentinel Biomonitors: Integrated response systems for monitoring toxic chemicals SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EARLY WARNING MONITORING FOR WATER, FOOD AND GROUND SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Early Warning Monitoring for Water, Food, and Ground CY NOV 01-02, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE DE environmental sentinel biomonitor; toxic industrial chemicals; biomonitoring; real-time; toxicity; monitoring; health AB Operational environments for military forces are becoming potentially more dangerous due to the increased number, use, and misuse of toxic chemicals across the entire range of military missions. Defense personnel may be exposed to harmful chemicals as a result of industrial accidents or intentional or unintentional action of enemy, friendly forces, or indigenous populations. While there has been a significant military effort to enable forces to operate safely and survive and sustain operations in nuclear, biological, chemical warfare agent environments, until recently there has not been a concomitant effort associated with potential adverse health effects from exposures of deployed personnel to toxic industrial chemicals. To provide continuous real-time toxicity assessments across a broad spectrum of individual chemicals or chemical mixtures, an Environmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB) system concept is proposed. An ESB system will integrate data from one or more platforms of biologically-based systems and chemical detectors placed in the environment to sense developing toxic conditions and transmit time-relevant data for use in risk assessment, mitigation, and/or management. Issues, challenges, and next steps for the ESB system concept are described, based in part on discussions at a September 2001 workshop sponsored by the U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research. C1 USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP van der Schalie, WH (reprint author), USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, 568 Doughton Dr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4303-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4575 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1117/12.456920 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BU46S UT WOS:000176067200003 ER PT S AU Senecal, AG Magnone, J Yeomans, W Powers, EM AF Senecal, AG Magnone, J Yeomans, W Powers, EM BE Jensen, JL Burggraf, LW TI Rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria by volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EARLY WARNING MONITORING FOR WATER, FOOD AND GROUND SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Early Warning Monitoring for Water, Food, and Ground CY NOV 01-02, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE ID BEEF; BIOSENSOR AB Developments in rapid detection technologies have made countless improvements over the years. However, because of the limited sample that these technologies can process in a single run, the chance of capturing and identifying a small amount of pathogens is difficult. The problem is further magnified by the natural random distribution of pathogens in foods. Methods to simplify pathogenic detection through the identification of bacteria specific VOC were studied. E. coli O157:H7 and Sahnonella typhinuirium were grown on selected agar medium to model protein, and carbohydrate based foods. Pathogenic and common spoilage bacteria (Pseudomonas and Morexella) were screened for unique VOC production. Bacteria were grown on agar slants in closed vials. Headspace sampling was performed at intervals up to 24 hours using Solid Phase MicroExtraction (SPME) techniques followed by GC/MS analysis. Development of unique volatiles was followed to establish sensitivity of detection. E. coli produced VOC that were not found in either Trypticase Soy Yeast agar (TSYA) blanks or spoilage organism samples were - indole, 1-decanol, and 2-nonanone. Salmonella specific VOC from TSYA were 3-methyl-l-butanol, dimethyl sulfide, 2-undecanol, 2-pentadecanol and 1-octanol. Trials on potato dextrose agar (PDA) slants indicated VOC specific for E. coli and Salmonella when compared to PDA blanks and Pseudomonas samples. However, these VOC peaks were similar for both pathogens. Morexella did not grow on PDA slants. C1 USA, Soldier Biol & Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Senecal, AG (reprint author), USA, Soldier Biol & Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 24 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4303-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4575 BP 121 EP 131 DI 10.1117/12.456915 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BU46S UT WOS:000176067200012 ER PT S AU Richardson, MJ Rand, AG Senecal, A AF Richardson, MJ Rand, AG Senecal, A BE Jensen, JL Burggraf, LW TI Development of a near real time procedure to detect Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A in military rations SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EARLY WARNING MONITORING FOR WATER, FOOD AND GROUND SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Early Warning Monitoring for Water, Food, and Ground CY NOV 01-02, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE DE biosensors; chemiluminescence; immunoassay; S. aureus enterotoxin A ID FIBER OPTIC BIOSENSOR; FOOD AB Using a chemiluminescent fiber optic biosensor and magnetic particles, a simple, sensitive and rapid method to determine Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A (SEA) in military ration components was developed. Antistaphylococcal enterotoxin A (Anti-SEA) was immobilized on magnetic particles and incubated with SEA. The beads were then collected and rinsed on a membrane filter (0.45um). The captured toxin was then selectively labeled with a monoclonal-horseradish peroxidase (POD) conjugate. SEA concentration was detected with a luminometer and a chemiluminescent enhancing reagent. Total assay time was 1.25 hours. Chemiluminescent signal due to nonspecific binding was tested with various blocking agents. Phosphate buffered saline with casein had the lowest background signal. Primary antibody concentration, secondary labeled antibody concentration and chemiluminescent substrate type were also evaluated to optimize signal intensity. The chemiluminescent fiber optic biosensor assay was compared to the Analyte 2000, a commercial fluorescent fiber optic biosensor. This assay consisted of immobilizing Anti-SEA on polystyrene waveguides, and incubating the waveguides with the toxin. The waveguide was incubated with a selectively labeled monoclonal-CY5 Dye conjugate. The sensitivity of chemiluminescent and fluorescent immunoassays were 1ng, significantly lower than the levels need to cause illness. C1 USA, Soldier Biol & Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Combat Feeding Program, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Richardson, MJ (reprint author), USA, Soldier Biol & Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Combat Feeding Program, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RI Senecal, Andre/E-6605-2010 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4303-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4575 BP 160 EP 171 DI 10.1117/12.456919 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BU46S UT WOS:000176067200016 ER PT S AU Snyder, AP Maswadeh, WM Tripathi, A Ho, J Spence, M AF Snyder, AP Maswadeh, WM Tripathi, A Ho, J Spence, M BE Gardner, PJ TI Field detection and identification of a bioaerosol suite by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing III CY APR 02, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID AEROSOLS; BIOMARKER; SYSTEM AB Improvements were made to a pyrolysis-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (Py-GC-IMS) stand-alone biodetector to provide more pyrolyzate compound information to the IMS detector module. Air carrier gas flowing continuously through the pyrolysis tube, the rate of air flow, and pyrolysis rate were found to improve the relative quality and quantity of pyrolyzate compounds detected by the IMS detector compared to earlier work. These improvements allowed a greater degree of confidence in the correlation of biological aerosols obtained in outdoor testing scenarios to a standard GC-IMS biological aerosol dataset. The airflow improvement allowed more biomarker compounds to be observed in the GC-IMS data domain for aerosols of Gram-negative Erwinia herbicola (EH) and ovalbumin protein as compared to previous studies. Minimal differences were observed for Gram-positive spores of Bacillus subtilis var. globigii (BG) from that of earlier work. Prior outdoor aerosol challenges dealt with the detection of one organism, either EH or BG. Biological aerosols were disseminated in a Western Canadian prairie and the Py-GC-IMS was tested for its ability to detect the biological aerosols. The current series of outdoor trials consisted of three different biological aerosol challenges. Forty-two trials were conducted and a simple area calculation of the GC-IMS data domain biomarker peaks correlated with the correct bioaerosol challenge in 30 trials (71%). In another 7 trials, the status of an aerosol was determined to be biological in origin. Two additional trials had no discernible, unambiguous GC-IMS biological response, because they were blank water sprays. Reproducible limits of detection were at a concentration of less than 0.5 bacterial analyte-containing particles per liter of air (ACPLA). In order to realize this low concentration, an aerosol concentrator was used to concentrate 2000 liters of air in 2.2 minutes. Previous outdoor aerosol trials have shown the Py-GC-IMS device to be a credible detector with respect to determining the presence of a biological aerosol. The current series of outdoor trials has provided a platform to show that the Py-GC-IMS can provide information more specific than a biological or non-biological analysis to an aerosol when the time of dissemination is unknown to the operator. The Py-GC-IMS is shown to be able to discriminate between aerosols of a Gram-positive spore (BG), a Gram-negative bacterium (EH) and a protein (ovalbumin). C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Snyder, AP (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4472-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4722 BP 121 EP 132 DI 10.1117/12.472255 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BV08M UT WOS:000177781000013 ER PT J AU Tang, NH Myers, TE AF Tang, NH Myers, TE TI PCB removal from contaminated dredged material SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE sediment; PCB degradation; natural processes; CDFs ID SEDIMENTS AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of decontaminating PCB contaminated sediment using land treatment technology. Five glass aquariums were set up to test the disappearance of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in dredged sediment under laboratory conditions that simulated photodegradation, biological transformation, and volatilization in dredged material confined disposal facilities (CDFs). A 40% decline in PCB concentration was achieved over a period of 5 months. Analysis of the variance in the data showed that periodic tilling produced a tangible effect on the disappearance of PCBs. However, the process or processes responsible for PCB disappearance could not be determined. PCB disappearance from the sediment was most likely caused by a combination of photolysis, volatilization, and biodegradation mechanisms rather than by any single process. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Civil Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Myers, TE (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2002 VL 46 IS 3 BP 477 EP 484 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00078-9 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 515WN UT WOS:000173519800012 PM 11829404 ER PT J AU Gibb, TR Norwood, DA Woollen, N Henchal, EA AF Gibb, TR Norwood, DA Woollen, N Henchal, EA TI Viral replication and host gene expression in alveolar macrophages infected with Ebola virus (Zaire strain) SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; ALPHA/BETA INTERFERON; RHESUS-MONKEYS; GREEN MONKEYS; NS1 PROTEIN; INDUCTION; CELLS; ACTIVATION; IMMUNITY AB In order to characterize the cellular response to and identify potential diagnostic markers for the early detection of Ebola virus, an in vitro culture system involving nonhuman primate alveolar macrophages was developed. Ebola virus replication in the alveolar macrophages was characterized by plaque assay, immunohistochemical analysis, and in situ hybridization. Fluorogenic 5'-nuclease assays specific for nonhuman primate proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines were designed and used to evaluate mRNA transcription in macrophages infected with Ebola virus. Transient increases in cytokine and chemokine mRNA levels were observed immediately following exposure to Ebola virus. At 2 h postexposure, levels of cytokine and chemokine mRNAs were markedly reduced. Although Ebola virus infection of alveolar macrophages failed to induce a sustained increase in proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine mRNA transcription (potentially reducing the use of these markers as diagnostic tools), the fluorogenic 5'-nuclease assays developed may have prognostic value for individuals infected with Ebola virus. Recently published data have indicated that persons who remain asymptomatic after exposure to Ebola virus are capable of mounting an early proinflammatory cytokine response and that those who become clinically ill are not. If implemented immediately after exposure, these assays could be used to predict which individuals will be more likely to remain asymptomatic as opposed to those who will be more likely to develop clinical signs and eventually succumb to the virus. C1 USA, DSD, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Gibb, TR (reprint author), USA, DSD, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM tammy.gibb@sbccom.apgea.army.mil NR 34 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1128/CDLI.9.1.19-27.2002 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 509VU UT WOS:000173171000003 PM 11777824 ER PT J AU Krakauer, T AF Krakauer, T TI Stimulant-dependent modulation of cytokines and chemokines by airway epithelial cells: Cross talk between pulmonary epithelial and peripheral blood mononuclear cells SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-SYNDROME TOXIN-1; INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; LUNG INJURY; HUMAN-DISEASE; ACTIVATION; SUPERANTIGENS; INDUCTION; MODEL AB Staphylococcal exotoxins (SE) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulate cells of the immune system to produce proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines which mediate septic shock and acute lung inflammation. A coculture of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and pulmonary A549 epithelial cells was used to investigate inflammatory responses triggered by staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, and LPS. The levels of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, gamma interferon-inducible protein 10, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein let, and RANTES were enhanced by 3.8-, 4.2-, 3.1-, 8.9-, 2-, and 2.9-fold, respectively, in cocultures of SEB-stimulated cells compared to in SEB-stimulated PBMC. In LPS-stimulated cocultures, only MCP-1 and RANTES levels were increased. These data suggest that the modulation of specific cytokines and chemokines is dependent on the stimulus and that there is bidirectional interaction between PBMC and lung epithelial cells to influence the immune response to these different stimuli. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Krakauer, T (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Bldg 1425, Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 33 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 126 EP 131 DI 10.1128/CDLI.9.1.126-131.2002 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 509VU UT WOS:000173171000020 PM 11777841 ER PT J AU Vietri, NJ Skidmore, PJ Dooley, DP AF Vietri, NJ Skidmore, PJ Dooley, DP TI Esophageal ulceration due to cytomegalovirus infection in a patient with acute retroviral syndrome SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PRIMARY HIV-INFECTION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CO-INFECTION; SEROCONVERSION; COINFECTION; HEPATITIS AB Opportunistic infections during primary infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 have occasionally been reported in the medical literature, and those caused by cytomegalovirus have tended to be severe and prolonged. We describe a 40-year-old man who had acute retroviral syndrome complicated by a severe cytomegalovirus-induced esophageal ulceration, which was successfully treated with total parenteral nutrition and ganciclovir in addition to highly active antiretroviral therapy. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Vietri, NJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 1 BP E14 EP E15 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 498ZM UT WOS:000172543800036 PM 11731967 ER PT J AU Cunningham, BW Polly, DW AF Cunningham, BW Polly, DW TI The use of interbody cage devices for spinal deformity: A biomechanical perspective SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LUMBAR SPINE; LUMBOSACRAL FIXATION; INSTRUMENTATION; STABILITY; FUSION; REDUCTION; MECHANISM; SCOLIOSIS; ROTATION; SUPPORT AB Spinal instrumentation has revolutionized the treatment of spinal deformities and offers a plethora of techniques and designs to surgically treat deformity conditions. The authors address the biomechanical properties afforded by various posterior and anterior spinal instrumentation mechanisms, with and without intervertebral reconstruction, and the principles associated with optimal reconstruction techniques. The integration of multiple strategies can improve anterior and posterior construct stiffness in the treatment of spinal deformities. Structural interbody support probably is the best method to minimize longitudinal rod and screw-bone interface strain. Moreover, anterior load-bearing structural grafts and interbody devices have been shown to increase construct stiffness, decrease the incidence posterior implant failure, permit the use of smaller diameter longitudinal rods, and may enhance the rate of successful spinal arthrodesis. From a biomechanical standpoint, treatment of medium to high-grade spondylolisthesis with stand-alone interbody or transvertebral cages, in the absence of supplemental posterior fixation, is contraindicated. Collectively, the included studies reinforce the principles of load sharing between the anterior and posterior spinal columns and affirm the biomechanical dominance of anterior column support in circumferential spinal arthrodesis. C1 Union Mem Hosp, Orthopaed Biomech Lab, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Cunningham, BW (reprint author), Union Mem Hosp, Orthopaed Biomech Lab, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 201 E Univ Pkwy, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 51 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD JAN PY 2002 IS 394 BP 73 EP 83 PG 11 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 510NB UT WOS:000173213200009 PM 11795754 ER PT J AU Molinari, RW Bridwell, KH Lenke, LG Baldus, C AF Molinari, RW Bridwell, KH Lenke, LG Baldus, C TI Anterior column support in surgery for high-grade, isthmic spondylolisthesis SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FUSION INSITU; SURGICAL-TREATMENT; YOUNG-PATIENTS; LUMBAR FUSION; REDUCTION; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDREN AB The literature is confusing as to the need for anterior column fusion in the surgical treatment of patients with high-grade dysplastic spondylolisthesis. The current authors present an analysis of consecutive pediatric patients treated surgically for high-grade spondylolisthesis with and without anterior column structural support with emphasis on fusion rates, segmental kyphosis correction, and functional outcomes. Thirty-seven surgical procedures were done in 31 patients for Meyerding Grade 3 or Grade 4 isthmic dysplastic spondylolisthesis. Patients were separated into two groups based on whether they had structural anterior column support (tricortical autogenous iliac crest) in addition to posterior fusion surgery. Group 1 consisted of 18 patients treated only with posterior surgery without anterior structural support (11 patients were treated with L4-sacrum posterior in situ fusion and seven patients were treated with posterior instrumented reduction with decompression and posterior fusion), and Group 2 consisted of 19 patients who had a reduction and circumferential fusion including anterior structural support. All patients had new radiographs taken at the time of followup (average, 3.1 years, range, 2 years-10 years 1 month) and completed a functional outcome questionnaire. The incidence of pseudarthrosis was 39% (seven of 18 patients) in Group 1 and 0% (0 of 19) in Group 2. All seven patients who had pseudarthrosis achieved solid fusion with a second procedure involving circumferential fusion with anterior column structural grafting. Outcomes regarding pain after treatment, function, and satisfaction were high in those patients who achieved solid fusion regardless of surgical procedure. C1 USA, Madigan Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Serv, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, St Louis, MO USA. RP Molinari, RW (reprint author), USA, Madigan Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Serv, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. NR 30 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD JAN PY 2002 IS 394 BP 109 EP 120 PG 12 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 510NB UT WOS:000173213200013 PM 11795722 ER PT S AU Forsythe, EW Morton, DC Wood, GL AF Forsythe, EW Morton, DC Wood, GL BE Hopper, DG TI Flexible displays for military use SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS IX: DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual Conference on Cockpit Displays CY APR 02-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE flexible; organic light emitting devices; polymer; small molecule; reflective; thin film transistors; and electrophoresis ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; POLYMERS; DEVICES; FILMS AB The rapid advances in full-color displays based on organic light emitting devices (OLEDS) and advances in nonemissive technologies have opened new military and commercial applications. For emissive displays, organic based devices are uniquely capable of being deposited at room temperature, which offers the possibility for fabrication on flexible substrates. Most passive technologies also have this property. In this talk, we will highlight the recent advances towards flexible emissive displays based on OLED technology and light modulating technology that are currently funded by the government. Here, we will provide an overview of the fabrication issues that include; the substrate, active and passive matrix drivers, small molecule and polymer based emissive layers, as well as sealing. The talk will provide an overview of the different approaches taken to address these issues and what are the common issues for all technologies. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Forsythe, EW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4462-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4712 BP 262 EP 273 DI 10.1117/12.480947 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BV28T UT WOS:000178459400025 ER PT J AU Foley, ME Abu Obaid, A Huang, X Tanogu, M Bogetti, TA McKnight, SH Gillespie, JW AF Foley, ME Abu Obaid, A Huang, X Tanogu, M Bogetti, TA McKnight, SH Gillespie, JW TI Fiber/matrix interphase characterization using the dynamic interphase loading apparatus SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Interfacial Phenomena in Composite Materials Conference CY 2001 CL ARCACHON, FRANCE DE glass fibers; interface/interphase; mechanical testing ID COMPOSITES AB The dynamic interphase loading apparatus (DILA) developed to perform microdebonding push-out tests directly characterizes the fiber/matrix interphase properties of composites as a function of loading rate. The use of a piezoelectric transducer allows one to input a variety of displacements and loading rates (quasi-static to 50 mm/s) to the indenter. Transient force and displacement values, recorded during the test, are then used to determine the average shear strength and energy absorbed during debonding and frictional sliding during the microdebonding process. An E-glass/vinyl ester composite was tested under single microdebonding as well as fatigue loading. Test results showed that the strength and energy-absorbing capability of the interphase was sensitive to loading rate. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Gillespie, JW (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. OI Tanoglu, Metin/0000-0001-9770-1302 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 10 BP 1345 EP 1348 AR PII S1359-835X(02)00172-0 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(02)00172-0 PG 4 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 628DH UT WOS:000179976800011 ER PT S AU Peters, JF Howington, SE Maier, RS Abulaban, A Neiber, JL AF Peters, JF Howington, SE Maier, RS Abulaban, A Neiber, JL BE Hassanizadeh, SM Schotting, RJ Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Imbedding velocity autocorrelation into simulators for constituent transport through porous media SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL DELFT, NETHERLANDS ID DISPERSION AB Simulation based on the traditional advection-dispersion equation often is inadequate for making fate-transport predictions. The dominant process in transport through porous media is differential advection, which can be characterized statistically through spatial and temporal correlations in the velocity field. A particle tracking scheme that contains appropriate velocity statistics predicts realistic contaminant plumes. A particular generating scheme for random correlated velocities is introduced that can be mathematically transformed to a system of transport equations for parallel media whereby each equation transports a fraction of the contaminant mass, each with its characteristic advection velocity. The rate of transport among the parallel media determines the spectrum of length scales represented. The formulation of a continuum, multi-scale transport model thus follows naturally from the particle tracking scheme. This resulting computational scheme is one familiar to some fracture flow modelers - the multiple-interacting continuum approach. This discussion ties together the correlated random walk, non-local, and multiple-interacting continuum approaches and provides a means for model calibration. C1 Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Peters, JF (reprint author), Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-50975-5 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2002 VL 47 BP 405 EP 412 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Applied; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BV40A UT WOS:000178839400052 ER PT S AU Talbot, CA Downer, CW Lin, HC Howington, SE Richards, D AF Talbot, CA Downer, CW Lin, HC Howington, SE Richards, D BE Hassanizadeh, SM Schotting, RJ Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Computational methods for simulating interaction between surface & subsurface hydrologic systems SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL DELFT, NETHERLANDS AB Water supply, water quality, and environmental remediation studies increasingly demand that interactions between surface and subsurface hydrologic systems be considered and simulated in order to provide decision-makers with accurate and defensible alternatives. Interactions between surface and subsurface hydrologic systems are currently modeled with a variety of approaches. Computations of system interactions can be decoupled, sequentially coupled, or fully coupled. In practice, emphasis is sometimes focused on surface or subsurface processes depending on project needs, available resources, and professional experience of those performing the study. However, simulators for interactions between surface and subsurface hydrologic systems should be chosen based on the strength of each process within the context of the study needs. In a test of currently available methodologies, four different approaches to simulating interactions between surface and subsurface hydrologic systems are applied to the same hydrologic system. The approaches consist of various combinations of finite difference, finite volume, finite element and adaptive finite element models. Decoupled, sequentially coupled and fully coupled interactions between the surface and subsurface systems are represented. Comparisons of the three simulation methods are presented, revealing relative strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Simulation of interactions between surface and subsurface hydrologic systems often requires the exchange of data and results between models of disparate data types, resolutions, and dimensions. Modeling system tools that seamlessly perform these exchanges play an important role in producing meaningful simulation results. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Waterways Expt Stn,Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Talbot, CA (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Waterways Expt Stn,Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-50975-5 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2002 VL 47 BP 1511 EP 1518 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Applied; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BV40A UT WOS:000178839400195 ER PT J AU Litvin, FL Fuentes, A Zani, C Pontiggia, M Handschuh, RF AF Litvin, FL Fuentes, A Zani, C Pontiggia, M Handschuh, RF TI Face-gear drive with spur involute pinion: geometry, generation by a worm, stress analysis SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID TOOTH SURFACES; CONTACT LINES; SINGULARITIES; SIMULATION; ENVELOPES; FAMILIES; CURVES AB A face-gear drive with a spur involute pinion is considered. The generation of the face gear is based on application of a grinding or cutting worm whereas the conventional method of generation is based on application of an involute shaper. The authors have developed an analytical approach for determination of: (i) the worm thread surface, (ii) avoidance of singularities of the worm, thread surface, (iii) dressing of the worm, and (iv) determination of stresses of the face-gear drive. A computer program is developed for simulation of meshing and contact of the pinion and face gear. Correction of machine-tool settings is proposed for reduction of the shift of the bearing contact caused by misalignment. An automatic development of the model of five contacting teeth has been proposed for stress analysis. Numerical examples for illustration of the developed theory are provided. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Polytechn Univ Cartagena, Dept Mech Engn, Murcia 30202, Spain. Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn, Gear Res Ctr, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USA, Res Lab, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Fuentes, A (reprint author), Polytechn Univ Cartagena, Dept Mech Engn, Campus Univ Muralla Mar C Dr Fleming S-N, Murcia 30202, Spain. RI Fuentes Aznar, Alfonso/A-4259-2015 OI Fuentes Aznar, Alfonso/0000-0001-7882-4999 NR 23 TC 52 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2002 VL 191 IS 25-26 BP 2785 EP 2813 AR PII S0045-7825(02)00215-3 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(02)00215-3 PG 29 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 544UT UT WOS:000175180600005 ER PT S AU David, P DeMenthon, D Duraiswami, R Samet, H AF David, P DeMenthon, D Duraiswami, R Samet, H BE Heyden, A Sparr, G Nielsen, M Johansen, P TI SoftPOSIT: Simultaneous pose and correspondence determination SO COMPUTER VISION - ECCV 2002 PT III SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Computer Vision CY MAY 28-31, 2002 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP IT Univ Copenhagen, Univ Copenhagen, Lund Univ DE object recognition; autonomous navigation; POSIT; SoftAssign ID 3D OBJECT RECOGNITION; MODEL; ORIENTATION; ALGORITHM AB The problem of pose estimation arises in many areas of computer vision, including object recognition, object tracking, site inspection and updating, and autonomous navigation using scene models. We present a new algorithm, called SoftPOSIT, for determining the pose of a 3D object from a single 2D image in the case that correspondences between model points and image points are unknown. The algorithm combines Gold's iterative SoftAssign algorithm [19, 20] for computing correspondences and DeMenthon's iterative POSIT algorithm [13] for computing object pose under a full-perspective camera model. Our algorithm, unlike most previous algorithms for this problem, does not have to hypothesize small sets of matches and then verify the remaining image points. Instead, all possible matches are treated identically throughout the search for an optimal pose. The performance of the algorithm is extensively evaluated in Monte Carlo simulations on synthetic data under a variety of levels of clutter, occlusion, and image noise. These tests show that the algorithm performs well in a variety of difficult scenarios, and empirical evidence suggests that the algorithm has a run-time complexity that is better than previous methods by a factor equal to the number of image points. The algorithm is being applied to the practical problem of autonomous vehicle navigation in a city through registration of a 3D architectural models of buildings to images obtained from an on-board camera. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, Perceptual Interfaces Real Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, Language & Media Proc Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP David, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Duraiswami, Ramani/J-6070-2012 OI Duraiswami, Ramani/0000-0002-5596-8460 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43746-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2352 BP 698 EP 714 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW27A UT WOS:000181393900046 ER PT S AU Zoltani, CK Baskin, SI AF Zoltani, CK Baskin, SI BE Murray, A TI Organophosphonate-induced toxicity: Computer study of reentry in atrial tissue SO COMPUTERS IN CARDIOLOGY 2002, VOL 29 SE COMPUTERS IN CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Conference on Computers in Cardiology CY SEP 22-25, 2002 CL MEMPHIS, TN ID FIBRILLATION; MODEL; HEART AB The electrophysiologic changes of organophosphonate (OP)-produced acetylcholine (ACh) overload in atrial tissue was studied by computer simulation. Changes in the action potential dynamics due to the heterogeneity of the substrate resulting from OP deposition in the tissue were produced, and-the conditions for the generation and persistence of reentry waves were determined It was shown that modulation of cardiac cell membrane currents can be used to modulate conditions leading to reentry suggesting avenues to prophylaxis. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Zoltani, CK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0276-6574 BN 0-7803-7735-4 J9 COMPUT CARDIOL PY 2002 VL 29 BP 509 EP 512 DI 10.1109/CIC.2002.1166821 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BW27D UT WOS:000181394600130 ER PT S AU Zoltani, CK Baskin, SI AF Zoltani, CK Baskin, SI BE Murray, A TI Organophosphate-modulated cardiac membrane currents: Computer study of the genesis of LQTS SO COMPUTERS IN CARDIOLOGY 2002, VOL 29 SE COMPUTERS IN CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Conference on Computers in Cardiology CY SEP 22-25, 2002 CL MEMPHIS, TN ID LONG QT SYNDROMES; I-KR; PROLONGATION; ARRHYTHMIAS; MYOCYTES; TORSADE; POINTES; KS AB An important clinical marker of organophosphate (OP)-caused cardiac toxicity is long-QT syndrome (LQTS), the elongation of the repolarization period in the ventricles, as measured in an electrocardiogram (ECG). The primary membrane currents responsible for this condition are two potassium currents, (k) over dot(r) and i(Ks). This computer simulation investigated the effect of the modulation of the cardiac membrane currents on the action potential in a two-dimensional slab of tissue affected by OP. We have shown that modulation of the sodium current and reduction of the potassium currents mimic the experimentally observed change in slope of the depolarization in the presence of organophosphates as well as the prolongation and shape of repolarization, a precursor to the onset of Torsade de Pointes (TdP) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). C1 USA, Res Lab, ATTN AMSRL CI HC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Zoltani, CK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, ATTN AMSRL CI HC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0276-6574 BN 0-7803-7735-4 J9 COMPUT CARDIOL PY 2002 VL 29 BP 693 EP 696 DI 10.1109/CIC.2002.1166867 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BW27D UT WOS:000181394600176 ER PT J AU Fudge, M Coleman, RE Parker, SB AF Fudge, M Coleman, RE Parker, SB TI A minimally invasive percutaneous technique for jugular vein catheterization in pigs SO CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NONSURGICAL CATHETERIZATION; SWINE; STRESS AB The objective of this study was to develop a simple, safe, reproducible, and efficient technique that used readily available commercial materials for percutaneous catheterization of an external jugular vein in the pig. Guidewire-assisted vascular cannulation was introduced in the early 1950s and is often called the Seldinger technique, after its inventor. With few modifications, this technique has become widely used for all types of vascular cannulation in human and veterinary patients. The technique has the advantage of minimizing damage to soft tissues and blood vessels. We adapted this procedure by using five anatomical landmarks to target and catheterize the external jugular vein in pigs. Percutaneous catheterization of the external jugular vein can be accomplished easily in most pigs by using this technique. Novice technicians were able to quickly and easily learn the procedure. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Vet Surg, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Dept Environm Physiol, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Fudge, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Vet Surg, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1060-0558 J9 CONTEMP TOP LAB ANIM JI Contemp. Top. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1 BP 38 EP 42 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 519FY UT WOS:000173715700011 PM 11860257 ER PT J AU Elston, DM Stockwell, S AF Elston, DM Stockwell, S TI What's eating you? Centruroides exilicauda SO CUTIS LA English DT Article C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, MCHE DD, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Div Med Entomol, Dept Prevent Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, MCHE DD, Dept Dermatol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JAN PY 2002 VL 69 IS 1 BP 16 EP + PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 513KZ UT WOS:000173378700002 PM 11829172 ER PT J AU Bundy, ML Cooper, G Kennedy, E AF Bundy, ML Cooper, G Kennedy, E TI Gauging the influence of technology on tactical missiles of the future SO DEFENCE SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE tactical missiles; projectile design and analysis system; PRODAS; computer model; next generation missiles; advanced missiles system technologies AB Tactical missiles, carrying kinetic energy, high explosives, or multiple submunitions are an integral part of the current and future US Army weapons inventory. Naturally, the number of missiles that can be stowed on any mobile launch platform depends on the size of the missile. Advances in rocket propulsion efficiency and improvements in guidance systems may make it possible to reduce missile size without a proportionate decrease in effectiveness. A primitive 1-DOF computer model is used here to show how advances in missile technology might allow smaller missiles in the future to carry out the mission of today's larger missiles. A scaled-down version of a typical current generation missile is taken as the next generation missile. Hypothetical improvements in this smaller missile are then chosen in four basic areas-propellant impulse, burn time, weight fraction, and aerodynamic drag-with the effects on lethality reported in a nondimensional format. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Bundy, ML (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU DEFENCE SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION DOCUMENTATION CENTRE PI DELHI PA METCALFE HOUSE, DELHI 110054, INDIA SN 0011-748X J9 DEFENCE SCI J JI Def. Sci. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 52 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 532HN UT WOS:000174468400009 ER PT J AU Conroy, PJ Weinacht, P Nusca, MJ AF Conroy, PJ Weinacht, P Nusca, MJ TI Parametric erosion investigation: Propellant adiabatic flame temperature SO DEFENCE SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE adiabatic flame temperature; gun erosion; propellent composition; surface regression; gun tubes AB The influence of quasi-independent parameters and their potential influence on erosion in guns have been investigated. Specifically, the effects of flame temperature and the effect of assuming that the Lewis number (ratio of mass-to-heat transport to the surface), Le =1, has been examined. The adiabatic flame temperature for a propellant was reduced by the addition of a diluent from a high temperature of 3843 K (similar to that of M9) down to 3004 K, which is near the value for M30A1 propellant. Mass fractions of critical species at the surface with and without the assumption of Le = 1 are presented, demonstrating that certain species preferentially reach the surface providing varied conditions for the surface reactions. The results for gun tube bore surface regression qualitatively agree with previous studies and with current experimental data. The propellant composition influence upon erosion must still be inferred at this time from the presence of specific product species at the surface because the finite-rate gas surface reactions are not well known under ballistic conditions. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Conroy, PJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU DEFENCE SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION DOCUMENTATION CENTRE PI DELHI PA METCALFE HOUSE, DELHI 110054, INDIA SN 0011-748X J9 DEFENCE SCI J JI Def. Sci. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 52 IS 1 BP 77 EP 85 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 532HN UT WOS:000174468400012 ER PT S AU Sullivan, A AF Sullivan, A BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Dobeck, GJ TI Model-based summary conclusions on the use of UWB radar for detecting unexploded ordnance SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VII CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ultra-wideband radar; unexploded ordnance; method of moments; backscatter; clutter ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; TRANSIENT-RESPONSE; EXTRACTING POLES; ARBITRARY SHAPE; SURFACES; SYSTEM AB The utility of ultra-wideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for detecting surface and flush buried unexploded ordnance (UXO) is examined using a layered-medium moment method analysis. Clutter models of a subsurface root system have been created using a set of discrete clutter objects. Given the size of the targets and the wideband frequencies of interest, it is shown that the problem size quickly grows beyond the capabilities of even supercomputers. As a result, an approximate linear superposition technique is developed to model the response from a large number of targets (UXO plus clutter objects). The root system clutter model is used in conjunction with the buried UXO targets. Results show that sufficient signal to clutter ratios are achieved to make such a scenario amenable to target detection. The scattering from multiple, randomly oriented, surface-laid UXO is examined next. Results show that targets oriented broadside to the radar aperture have the largest signatures in the SAR image. This suggests a multi-pass strategy over the potential UXO test area for airborne SAR systems. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sullivan, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4492-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4742 BP 291 EP 302 DI 10.1117/12.479100 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV54P UT WOS:000179321200028 ER PT S AU Writer, TV Sabatier, JM Miller, MA Sherbondy, KD AF Writer, TV Sabatier, JM Miller, MA Sherbondy, KD BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Dobeck, GJ TI Mine detection with a forward moving portable laser doppler vibrometer SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VII CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE landmines; mine detection; acoustic; seismic; laser doppler vibrometer AB Land mine detection research demonstrates that sending acoustic to seismic waves in the ground produces a unique vibrational response in hollow objects such as land mine casings. Even when they are buried, damped vibrations of mines can be measured at the surface above them. These vibrations can be distinguished from the ground or other natural buried objects. Field. tests utilizing acoustic technology performed under static (stand still) conditions have yielded high probabilities of detection coupled with low false alarm rates. Army requirements necessitate a forward moving system; therefore we have been investigating the application of acoustic technology for land mine detection under non-static, forward moving conditions. This paper will present the results of a series of field tests in which two laser doppler vibrometers are passed over buried land mine targets that are excited by an acoustic source. The paper will discuss the experiment protocol, the results and the interpretation of these results. This paper will also discuss our future efforts at acoustic land mine detection. C1 USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Washington, DC USA. RP Writer, TV (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Washington, DC USA. OI Sherbondy, Kelly/0000-0003-4730-3706 NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4492-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4742 BP 649 EP 653 DI 10.1117/12.479136 PN 1&2 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV54P UT WOS:000179321200063 ER PT S AU Derzko, Z Barr, D AF Derzko, Z Barr, D BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Dobeck, GJ TI Polarized reflectometry of landmines at 814 nanometers SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VII CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE reflectance; laser; polarization; landmines; angle AB An experimental study was undertaken to measure the absolute reflectance of a large number of landmines using a single-mode laser diode operating at approximately 814 nm. Approximately thirty different anti-tank (AT) and antipersonnel (AP) mines were irradiated with a highly polarized laser beam configured in a monostatic geometric arrangement. The in-plane (p) and out-of-plane (s) linear polarization components were measured as a function of incidence angle of the transmitted laser energy. The relative value of the reflected power of each polarization component was calibrated against various reflecting Spectralon panels to obtain an absolute reflectance. This effort is being undertaken in support of an Army Program using an active laser system [Light, Airborne Mine Detection (LAMD) Program]. C1 USA, CECOM, RDEC, NVESD,AMSEL,RD,NV,CM,AD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Derzko, Z (reprint author), USA, CECOM, RDEC, NVESD,AMSEL,RD,NV,CM,AD, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4492-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4742 BP 942 EP 949 DI 10.1117/12.479066 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV54P UT WOS:000179321200092 ER PT S AU Goodson, RA Bennett, HH DeMoss, TA Cargile, DA Morgan, JC Fields, MP AF Goodson, RA Bennett, HH DeMoss, TA Cargile, DA Morgan, JC Fields, MP BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Dobeck, GJ TI Analysis of GEM-3 data collected for the advanced UXO Detection/Discrimination Technology Demonstration US Army Jefferson Proving Ground, Madison, Indiana SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VII CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE target discrimination; UXO; signatures; spectroscopy; electromagnetic induction spectroscopy AB This paper analyzes the UXO classification capabilities of the GEM-3 system using data collected for the Advanced UXO Detection/Discrimination Technology Demonstration at the U.S. Army Jefferson Proving Ground (JPG), Madison, Indiana. The approach taken in the analysis was to extract data points collected near each of the actual target locations and compare them to the calibration data acquired with known targets at the beginning of the demonstration. This was done to determine how well the data collected near each actual target matched the calibration signatures for the same ordnance type and the extent to which the data could be differentiated from other ordnance types and non-ordnance clutter. The targets were classified using a simple template-matching algorithm. This procedure resulted in an exact classification match for nearly half of the targets for which calibration data were available and a match to a similarly sized target for more than two-thirds of the medium and large targets. The sensor coverage of the test areas and the effect of test parameters such as ordnance size and depth on classification performance were also examined. New data were acquired with the GEM-3 to investigate the statistical variability of the instrument. C1 USA, Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Goodson, RA (reprint author), USA, Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4492-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4742 BP 996 EP 1007 DI 10.1117/12.479072 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV54P UT WOS:000179321200097 ER PT S AU Wolfson, O Chamberlain, S Kalpakis, K Yesha, Y AF Wolfson, O Chamberlain, S Kalpakis, K Yesha, Y BE KonigRies, B Makki, K Makki, SAM Pissinou, N Scheuermann, P TI Modeling moving objects for location based services SO DEVELOPING AND INFRASTRUCTURE FOR MOBILE AND WIRELESS SYSTEMS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Infrastructure for Mobile and Wireless Systems CY OCT 15, 2001 CL SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Florida Int Univ, Telecommun & Informat Technol Inst, Coll Engn AB As prices of basic enabling equipment like smart cell phones, hand holds, wireless modems, and GPS devices continue to drop rapidly, International Data Corp (IDC) predicts that the number of wireless subscribers worldwide will soar to 1.1 billion in 2003. Spurred by the combination of expensive new location-based infrastructure and an enormous market of mobile users, companies will roll out new wireless applications to re-coop their technology investments and increase customer loyalty and switching costs. These applications are collectively called location-based services. In this position paper we outline a novel and comprehensive model for moving objects in location based services. The model is different than other models proposed in the literature in the sense that is captures the spatial, temporal, and uncertain aspects of the location of a moving object. These aspects are captured in the concept of a trajectory. We argue that the existing prevalent model in industry, point location management, has severe drawbacks, and explain why our trajectory model solves these problems. We also outline a set of operators to access the trajectories database. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. USA, Res Labs, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Wolfson, O (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM wolfson@eecs.uic.edu NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00289-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2538 BP 46 EP 58 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW33E UT WOS:000181620000005 ER PT S AU Kozycki, R Gordon, CC AF Kozycki, R Gordon, CC GP VDI VDI TI Applying human figure modeling tools to the RAH-66 Comanche crewstation design SO DIGITAL HUMAN MODELING CONFERENCE SE VDI BERICHTE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Digital Human Modeling Conference (DHMC) CY JUN 18-22, 2001 CL MUNICH, GERMANY AB Graphical three-dimensional human figure models are widely used to perform ergonomic assessments of vehicle and aircraft crewstation designs. When physical prototypes do not exist or access to them is limited, human figure models can provide an effective yardstick to evaluate the designs against the specified accommodation requirements. In cases where the design requirement has not been met, it is equally important to determine the extent of any modification needed and to provide design change recommendations. The accuracy of any analysis that uses human figure modeling tools depends not only on the data and method used to construct the figures but also on the posture of the figures when they are positioned in the crewstation. Clothing and equipment worn by the operator, which has an impact on the posture, must also be taken into consideration. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) recently performed a detailed ergonomic analysis of the RAH-66 Comanche crewstations using human figure modeling tools. The, details of the methodology used in applying these tools are summarized in this paper. C1 USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, AMSRL HR MB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Kozycki, R (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, AMSRL HR MB, Bldg 459, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU V D I-V D E - VERLAG GMBH PI DUSSELDORF PA PO BOX 10 11 39, W-40002 DUSSELDORF, GERMANY SN 0083-5560 BN 3-18-091675-3 J9 VDI BERICHT PY 2002 VL 1675 BP 191 EP 200 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Manufacturing; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU97X UT WOS:000177551900016 ER PT J AU Chang, FCT Hoffman, BE DeBus, S AF Chang, FCT Hoffman, BE DeBus, S TI Pharmacological antagonism of lethal effects induced by O-isobutyl S-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]methylphosphonothioate SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE respiration; cardiovascular function; seizures; atropine; acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; novel chemical warfare agent; VX isomer; guinea pigs ID BOTZINGER COMPLEX; EXPIRATORY NEURONS; GUINEA-PIGS; SOMAN; PRETREATMENT; ATROPINE; PYRIDOSTIGMINE; PROTECTION; INHIBITION; CAT AB O-Isobutyl S-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]methylphosphonothioate (VR) is a structural isomer of a more widely known chemical warfare agent O-ethyl S-[2(diisopropylamino)ethyl]methylphosphonothioate (VX). VR has the potential of being used as military threat/sabotage/terrorist agent. The development of a sound medical countermeasure will undoubtedly enhance not only our medical readiness and ability in VR casualty management, but also our defense posture against the deployment of VR in both combat and politically volatile environments. Acute exposure to a lethal dose of VR has been shown to cause cholinergic hyperfunction, incapacitation, seizures, convulsions, cardiorespiratory depression and death. In this study, pharmacological antagonism of VR-induced cardiorespiratory failure and lethality was investigated in guinea pigs chronically instrumented for concurrent recordings of electrocorticogram, diaphragmatic EMG, Lead 11 ECG, heart rate and neck skeletal muscle EMG. Thirty (30) min prior to intoxication with a 2 x LD50 dose of VR (22.6 mug/kg, sc), animals were pretreated with pyridostigmine (0.026 mg/kg, im). Immediately after VR intoxication, animals were given pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM; 25 mg/kg, im) and atropine sulfate (2, 8 or 16 mg/kg, im). In animals that displayed seizures and convulsions, diazepam (5 mg/kg, im) was administered 10 min following the onset of epileptiform activities. Responses to pretreatment/therapy modality were evaluated at 24 h post-VR. All animals survived the 2 x LD50 VR challenge. With the exception of an increased heart rate in response to atropine, the myocardial and diaphragmatic (respiratory) activity profiles appeared normal throughout the course of intoxication and recovery. Animals receiving 2 mg/kg atropine all developed fasciculations, seizures, signs of excessive mucoid/salivary secretion, and needed diazepam adjunct therapy. One-half (50%) of the animals receiving 8 mg/kg atropine developed seizure activities and were given diazepam, whereas the other half only showed a brief period of increase in CNS excitability. No fasciculations, seizures or convulsions were noted in animals receiving 16 mg/kg atropine. In summary, although lethality can be prevented with the pretreatment/therapy modality containing 2 mg/kg atropine and diazepam adjunct, a complete CNS and cardiorespiratory recovery from 2 x LD50 of VR requires a minimum of 8 mg/kg atropine. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Appl Pharmacol Branch, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Chang, FCT (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Appl Pharmacol Branch, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2002 VL 25 IS 3 BP 321 EP 337 DI 10.1081/DCT-120005894 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 581RT UT WOS:000177307200008 PM 12173252 ER PT J AU Melendez, V Del Valle, PL Hartell, MG Shearer, TW Nichols, D Weina, PJ Milhous, WK AF Melendez, V Del Valle, PL Hartell, MG Shearer, TW Nichols, D Weina, PJ Milhous, WK TI In vitro assessment of metabolic stability, permeability and efficacy of tryptanthrins: A novel class of prophylactic antimalarial drug candidates SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th North-American-International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics Meeting CY OCT 27-31, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP N Amer Int Soc Study Xenobiot C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2002 VL 34 SU 1 MA 143 BP 72 EP 72 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 609WC UT WOS:000178927200143 ER PT B AU Rasch, R Kott, A Forbus, KD AF Rasch, R Kott, A Forbus, KD GP AAAI AAAI TI AI on the baftlefield: an experimental exploration SO EIGHTEENTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AAAI-02)/FOURTEENTH INNOVATIVE APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CONFERENCE (IAAI-02), PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence/14th Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2002 CL EDMONTON, CANADA SP Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence, ACM SIGART, Alberta Informat Circle Res Excellence, DARPA, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn, Naval Res Lab AB The US Army Battle Command Battle Lab conducted an experiment with the ICCES system -- an integrated decision aid for performing several critical steps of a US Army Brigade Military Decision Making Process: from capturing a high-level Course of Action to producing a detailed analysis and plan of tasks. The system integrated several available technologies based largely on AI techniques, ranging from qualitative spatial interpretation of course-of-action diagrams to interleaved adversarial planning and scheduling. The experiment dispelled concerns about potential negative impacts of such tools on the creative aspects of the art of war, showed a potential for dramatic time savings in the MDMP process, and confirmed the maturity and suitability of the technologies for near-future deployment. C1 ATZL FD BC, Battle Command Battle Lab, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. RP ATZL FD BC, Battle Command Battle Lab, 415 Sherman, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. EM raschr@leavenworth.army.mil; akott@bbn.com; forbus@northwestern.edu RI Forbus, Kenneth/B-7146-2009 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA BN 0-262-51129-0 PY 2002 BP 906 EP 912 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BW91S UT WOS:000183593700134 ER PT S AU Fountzoulas, CG AF Fountzoulas, CG BE Gerhardt, RA Washabaugh, AP Alim, MA Choi, GM TI Microstructural development and properties of (1-x) wt% Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3-x wt% MgO bulk ferroelectrics SO ELECTRICALLY BASED MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Electrically Based Microstructural Characterization III Symposium held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE AB A study was made of the relationship between the microstructure and electrical properties of the bulk ferroelectric composite materials: (100-x) wt% Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3-x wt% MgO. The ferroelectric composites (x= 40, 60) were fabricated by dry pressing from two powder precursors: 1) Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3 (BST) calcined in the solid state with sol-gel MgO (Sg-MgO), and 2) hydrothermal BST and MgO calcined in the solid state. The pellets were sintered at 1250, 1350 and 1450degreesC. The sintered microstructure, chemistry, and phase with crystallinity was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The density and porosity were determined by the Archimedes technique. Dielectric properties of permittivity and loss tangent were characterized by the parallel plate capacitor method. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Fountzoulas, CG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-635-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 699 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BV35T UT WOS:000178664800003 ER PT S AU Synowczynski, J Hirsch, S Gersten, B AF Synowczynski, J Hirsch, S Gersten, B BE BarCohen, Y Zhang, QM Fukada, E Bauer, S Chrisey, DB Danforth, SC TI Rapid prototyping of ceramic based photonic bandgap structures SO ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS AND RAPID PROTOTYPING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rapid Prototyping Technologies-From Tissue Engineering to Conformal Electronics held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB A three-dimensional photonic bandgap (PBG) structure was fabricated from CAD models using a method based on lost wax rapid prototyping and ceramic gelcasting. The inverse PBG mold was constructed from a low melting point thermoplastic using a high precision Sanders Rapid Toolmaker. An aqueous stable slurry (200-300 cp) containing 50-75wt% of the ceramic powders (BaSrTiO3, MgO), a 15wt% solution of monomer (Methacylamide) and crosslinker (Poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate), and a free radical initiator (2,2'Azobis(2-amidino-propane) dihydrochloride) was cast into the mold. A polymerization reaction was thermally activated at 50degreesC to immobilize the ceramic powders. The wax mold was then removed by drying the green body in a high humidity oven at 120degreesC. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of the unfired part showed that atmosphere hampered the polymerization reaction at the surface of the part. The green density, sintered density, and permittivity all increased as the solids loading increased. In order to optimize the dielectric properties and minimize cracking and warping in the sintered part, the solids loading had to be greater than 80 wt%. This study investigated several steps in the lost mold / gelcasting procedure including stabilizing the ceramic suspension, the correlation between the solids loading and the green and sintered densities, binder removal, and the effect of shrinkage during sintering on the net shape. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Synowczynski, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-634-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 698 BP 251 EP 256 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BU86W UT WOS:000177251300032 ER PT J AU Xu, K Zhang, SS Jow, TR Xu, W Angell, CA AF Xu, K Zhang, SS Jow, TR Xu, W Angell, CA TI LiBOB as salt for lithium-ion batteries - A possible solution for high temperature operation SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYTES; ALUMINUM AB A new lithium salt based on a chelated borate anion, BOB [bis(oxalato)borate] is evaluated its the electrolyte solute for lithium-ion cells by both electrochemical means and cell testing. Controlled potential coulometry study reveals that the anion can stabilize aluminum substrate to more positive potentials, than the popular hexafluorophosphate (PF6,) anion does, while slow scan cyclic voltammograms show good compatibility of the salt with graphitizable carbonaceous anode its well its satisfactory stability against charged cathode surface. The lithium-ion cells containing this salt as electrolyte solute exhibit excellent Capacity utilization. capacity retention as well as rate capability at room temperature. Probably due to the fact that the new anion contains no labile fluorine and is thermally stable, electrolyte solutions based on it demonstrate stable performance in cells even at 60 degreesC, where LiPF6-based electrolytes would usually fail. The preliminary results reported herein provide I possible solution to the instability of the Li-ion cell performance at the elevated temperatures anticipated for heavy duty applications such as electric or hybrid electric vehicle missions. (C) 2001 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Xu, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012; Xu, Kang/C-6054-2013; OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110; Xu, Wu/0000-0002-2685-8684 NR 9 TC 235 Z9 252 U1 5 U2 91 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 5 IS 1 BP A26 EP A29 DI 10.1149/1.1426042 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 503MX UT WOS:000172803200007 ER PT B AU Schmaljohn, AL AF Schmaljohn, AL BE Burroughs, T Knobler, S Lederberg, J TI Vaccines for emerging zoonoses: Marburg virus paradigm SO EMERGENCE OF ZOONOTIC DISEASES, WORKSHOP SUMMARY: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT ON ANIMAL AND HUMAN HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Emergence of Zoonotic Diseases CY JUN 07-08, 2000 CL INST MED, FORUM EMERGING INFECT, WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US Dept HHS, NIH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US FDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Vet Affairs, Abbott Labs, Amer Soc Microbiol, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Burroughs Welcome Fund, Eli Lilly & Co, Glaxo Wellcome, F Hoffmann La Roche AG, Pfizer, SmithKline Beecham Corp, Wyeth Ayerst Labs HO INST MED, FORUM EMERGING INFECT C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Dept Viral Pathogenesis & Immunol, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Schmaljohn, AL (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Dept Viral Pathogenesis & Immunol, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08327-3 PY 2002 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA BX26C UT WOS:000184775900018 ER PT B AU Barrett, AH AF Barrett, AH BE WeltiChanes, J BarbosaCanovas, GV Aguilera, JM TI Structure-functionality relationships in foods SO ENGINEERING AND FOOD FOR THE 21ST CENTURY SE FOOD PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Engineering and Food (ICEF-8) CY APR, 2000 CL PUEBLA, MEXICO ID WHEY-PROTEIN GELS; BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; WATER; MOISTURE; BEHAVIOR; TEXTURE; FRACTURABILITY; DISTRIBUTIONS; COMPRESSION AB Very fortunately for consumers, food encompasses myriad forms, structures, and textures. Virtually any processed product is mutable through adjustment of production or formulation parameters, either of which will effect changes in product characteristics. Such market variety not only maintains consumer interest, it also keeps food scientists continually engaged in manipulating physical propel-ties in the pursuit of now or optimized products. In most instances, some structural characteristic of a food product bears a relationship to a functional property, particularly texture. Moreover, foods can be broadly grouped into both structural and textural categories in which characteristics particular to the category can be quantified. Relationships between structure and functionality are of value in that they provide predictive capability and thus facilitate the development of specific products structure-functionality relationships can be additionally instructive by revealing fundamental underpinnings of important product characteristics. C1 USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Combat Feeding Program, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Barrett, AH (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Combat Feeding Program, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 1-56676-963-9 J9 FOOD PRESERV TECHNOL PY 2002 BP 477 EP 494 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BU68M UT WOS:000176705200029 ER PT B AU Klingaman, RR McFadden, WJ AF Klingaman, RR McFadden, WJ GP ASEM TI Agent based models: An alternative simulation tool for engineering managers SO ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT IN THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd National Conference of the American-Society-for-Engineering-Management CY OCT 02-05, 2002 CL Tampa, FL SP Univ S Florida, Ind & Management Syst, Amer Soc Engn Management AB This paper presents the case for using agent based modeling (ABM) as an alternative simulation tool for engineering managers to investigate the complex dynamic and adaptive behaviors within their organizations. ABM attempts to find underlying patterns of behavior of individuals, represented by agents, as they interact with each other and change through learning within their environment. This paper extends the research work using EINSTein (Enhanced ISAAC Neural Simulation Toolkit), an ABM for land combat, to conduct an experiment regarding these behaviors with the use of a genetic algorithm to aid the agents in learning and evolving into a "most advantageous" behavior pattern to defeat enemy forces. In this experiment, the outcomes of agents were investigated in a scenario in which three key parameters pertinent to engineering managers are examined The parameters of interest are the ability to acquire information, the ability to use information, and the ability to make aggressive, but well-informed decisions based on the information. The relevance of ABM to the engineering management discipline is it not only allows for insight into these parameters, but organizational dynamic evolutionary learning and allows the modeler to investigate the effects of non-linear parameters such as trust, cohesion, and information sharing. This experiment aids the engineering management professional in gaining insight into their organization, productivity, culture, and learning processes. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Klingaman, RR (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING MANAGEMT PI ROLLA PA 310 HARRIS HALL, UMR, ROLLA, MO 65401 USA PY 2002 BP 454 EP 458 PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA BY64C UT WOS:000189427900069 ER PT B AU Parnell, GS Stokes, BJ AF Parnell, GS Stokes, BJ GP ASEM TI Techniques for allocating budgets in large organizations: Benefit, pain or value? SO ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT IN THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd National Conference of the American-Society-for-Engineering-Management CY OCT 02-05, 2002 CL Tampa, FL SP Univ S Florida, Ind & Management Syst, Amer Soc Engn Management AB Despite the fact that large organizations like the United States Army have been allocating large budgets over various programs for decades, some senior decision-makers remain uncomfortable with the process. They believe that their priorities and preferences are not always captured in the highly political and well-established processes. This paper explores the technical and organizational challenges of five possible techniques for making an optimal budget allocation. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Parnell, GS (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING MANAGEMT PI ROLLA PA 310 HARRIS HALL, UMR, ROLLA, MO 65401 USA PY 2002 BP 514 EP 518 PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA BY64C UT WOS:000189427900076 ER PT S AU Meitzler, T Bednarz, D Sohn, EJ Lane, K Bryk, D Bankowski, E Kaur, G Singh, H Ebenstein, S Smith, GH Rodin, Y Rankin, JS AF Meitzler, T Bednarz, D Sohn, EJ Lane, K Bryk, D Bankowski, E Kaur, G Singh, H Ebenstein, S Smith, GH Rodin, Y Rankin, JS BE Verly, JG TI Fuzzy logic based sensor fusion of images SO ENHANCED AND SYNTHETIC VISION 2002 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2002 Conference CY APR 01-02, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE fuzzy logic approach; sensor fusion; infrared and visible imagery; matched-filters; texture; clutter AB The fusion of visual and infrared sensor images of potential driving hazards in static infrared and visual scenes is computed using the Fuzzy Logic Approach (FLA). The FLA is presented as a new method for combining images from different sensors for achieving an image that displays more information than either image separately. Fuzzy logic is a modeling approach that encodes expert knowledge directly and easily using rules. With the help of membership functions designed for the data set under study, the FLA can model and interpolate to enhance the contrast of the imagery. The Mamdani model is used to combine the images. The fused sensor images are compared to metrics to measure the increased perception of a driving hazard in the sensor-fused image. The metrics are correlated to experimental ranking of the image quality. A data set containing IR and visual images of driving hazards under different types of atmospheric contrast conditions is fused using the Fuzzy Logic Approach (FLA). A holographic matched-filter method (HMFM) is used to scan some of the more difficult images for automated detection. The image rankings are obtained by presenting imagery in the TARDEC Visual Perception Lab (VPC) to subjects. Probability of detection of a driving hazard is computed using data obtained in observer tests. The matched-filter is implemented for driving hazard recognition with a spatial filter designed to emulate holographic methods. One of the possible automatic target recognition devices implements digital/optical cross-correlator that would process sensor-fused images of targets. Such a device may be useful for enhanced automotive vision or military signature recognition of camouflaged vehicles. A textured clutter metric is compared to experimental rankings. C1 USA, TACOM, AMSTA TR R, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Meitzler, T (reprint author), USA, TACOM, AMSTA TR R, MS263, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RI Meitzler, Thomas/D-1065-2017 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4463-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4713 BP 137 EP 149 DI 10.1117/12.474420 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV20L UT WOS:000178155500014 ER PT J AU Robbins, RG Deem, SL AF Robbins, RG Deem, SL TI Ticks of the genus Amblyomma (Acari : Ixodida : Ixodidae) from a maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus, with the first report of A-ovale from this endangered canid SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article AB Adults of the ixodid ticks Amblyomma ovale and A. tigrinum are reported from a young adult female maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus, captured in Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, northeastern Bolivia. This is the first published record of A. ovale from C. brachyurus. Earlier collections of A. auricularium and A. tigrinum from Bolivian and Brazilian C. brachyurus are tabulated and discussed. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Robbins, RG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 113 IS 1 BP 25 EP 28 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 533HA UT WOS:000174522500006 ER PT B AU Reutter, SA AF Reutter, SA BE McGuire, RR Compton, JC TI Effects of long-term exposure to low levels of toxic materials SO ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF CONVERTING CW FACILITIES TO PEACEFUL PURPOSES SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Environmental Aspects of Converting CW Facilities to Peaceful Purposes and Derivative Technologies in Modeling, Medicine and Monitoring CY MAR, 1999 CL AC LAB, SPIEZ, SWITZERLAND SP NATO, Inst Sci Technol Ctr HO AC LAB ID GAS WORKERS; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; CANCER; SARIN AB In the last few years, there has been considerable concern over the effects of long term exposure to low levels of toxic materials-especially chemical agents. Controlled data for such exposure paradigms are extremely limited; most studies have been for relatively short exposures to high levels. Where long-term data exist, chemical agents were often administered by routes inappropriate to the exposure scenario for which allowable levels are required, and there was no long-term follow-up after termination of exposure. Although it is known that some agents produce long-term. effects and others may, it is often not clear that long-term effects are produced in the absence of a symptomatic exposure. Extrapolation of such data to "safe" exposure levels is not advocated, but it is recognized that, too often, interim exposure limits must be derived from existing data. In doing the risk assessment for estimating allowable exposure levels (AELs), it is important to fully characterize the exposure scenario, and to understand the concentration-time relationship for the chemical(s) in question. Although the fundamental process of establishing exposure limits is independent of the type of available data, the quality of the data affects the confidence in the exposure limits so derived. Risk Management should be the final step in the process of implementing AELs and should be independent of the Risk Assessment. C1 USA, Solier & Biol Chem Command, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Toxicol Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Reutter, SA (reprint author), USA, Solier & Biol Chem Command, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Toxicol Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0996-8 J9 NATO SCI PRT 1 DISAR PY 2002 VL 37 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BV82Z UT WOS:000180136000001 ER PT J AU Smith, CB Anderson, JE Fischer, RL Webb, SR AF Smith, CB Anderson, JE Fischer, RL Webb, SR TI Stability of green fluorescent protein using luminescence spectroscopy: is GFP applicable to field analysis of contaminants? SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE green fluorescent protein; excitation emission matrix; Bacillus subtilis; luminescence spectroscopy; bioreporter ID MUTANTS AB Green fluorescent protein (GFP) was first isolated in the early 1970s for experimental use from coelenterates or the Pacific jellyfish, Aequorea victoria (Morin and Hastings, 1971). GFP has since become a favored biomarker in the photophysical analysis of molecular and cell biology because of its strong intrinsic visible fluorescence and the feasibility of fusing it to other proteins without affecting their normal functions (Creemers et al., 2000). Here we report using Bacillus subtilis expressing GFP to evaluate the influence of different environmental pH conditions on GFP fluorescence. Emission acquisitions were configured to excite at 471 nm and detect at an emission from 490 to 650 nm at 1-nm increments. Fluorescence intensity was significantly better at pH 7 (4.2 x 105 cps; P-value < 0.01) than at acid or alkaline conditions. GFP is a good biomarker for environments near netural conditions: however, GFP may be unsuitable where soils or waters are below or above pH 7 because of loss in fluorescence intensity. Alternative fluorescent markers and delivery systems must be examined in different environments to optimize responses from bioreporter molecules. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, ERDC Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Smith, CB (reprint author), USA, ERDC Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 120 IS 3 BP 517 EP 520 AR PII S0269-7491(02)00227-0 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 611JK UT WOS:000179013200005 PM 12442776 ER PT J AU Gogal, RM Johnson, MS Larsen, CT Prater, MR Duncan, RB Ward, DL Holladay, SD AF Gogal, RM Johnson, MS Larsen, CT Prater, MR Duncan, RB Ward, DL Holladay, SD TI Influence of dietary 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene exposure in the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE quail; oral exposure; 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; Colinus virginianus; immunotoxicity ID NONRADIOACTIVE ASSAY; ORAL TOXICITY; TRINITROTOLUENE; PROLIFERATION; APOPTOSIS; QUAIL; RATS; DOGS AB The risk to wildlife from exposure to the explosive, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) has been a concern at numerous military installations where it has been found in the soil. To date, no published data are available describing effects of TNT exposure in an avian species. Subchronic dietary exposure to TNT was therefore evaluated in a species of management concern at military installations, the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). Adult male and female quail (n = 5/sex/dose) were given commercial feed containing 3,000, 1,500, 750, and 100 mg/kg TNT for 90 d following the determination of an acute lethal dose and a 14-d range finding study. Dietary TNT intake caused a dose-dependent decrease in total red blood cell counts, packed cell volume, total plasma protein, blood prolymphocytes, and blood lymphocytes. An increased trend in late apoptotic/necrotic blood leukocytic cells was also observed in TNT-exposed birds, as was hemosiderosis in the liver. With the exception of hemosiderosis, these trends were statistically significant yet of questionable biological significance. Since treatment-related responses in this preliminary study were variable, a conservative interpretation is suggested. However, since these treatments had concentrations that were a log-fold or more than doses in similar studies using mammals, these data suggest that northern bobwhite are less sensitive to oral exposures of TNT than mammals. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Gogal, RM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 1 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<0081:IODTEI>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 505CA UT WOS:000172892700012 PM 11804065 ER PT J AU Jones, BH Thacker, SB Gilchrist, J Kimsey, CD Sosin, DM AF Jones, BH Thacker, SB Gilchrist, J Kimsey, CD Sosin, DM TI Prevention of lower extremity stress fractures.in athletes and soldiers: A systematic review SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID PHYSICAL-TRAINING PROGRAM; EXERCISE-RELATED INJURIES; STATES MARINE RECRUITS; OVERUSE INJURIES; MILITARY RECRUITS; BONE-DENSITY; RUNNING INJURIES; YOUNG MEN; MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES; MENSTRUAL IRREGULARITY C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jones, BH (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, 5158 Black Hawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 185 TC 94 Z9 100 U1 3 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 2002 VL 24 IS 2 BP 228 EP 247 DI 10.1093/epirev/mxf011 PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 675AA UT WOS:000182669700011 PM 12762095 ER PT J AU Derouet, H Uder, M Freyfogle, EB Stoeckle, M AF Derouet, H Uder, M Freyfogle, EB Stoeckle, M TI Successful conservative treatment of infected penile protheses SO EUROPEAN UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE penile prosthesis; infection; erectile dysfunction; clindamycin; therapeutic strategy ID PROSTHESIS INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; EXPERIENCE; SALVAGE; IMPLANTS AB Three patients with postoperative purulent penile prosthesis infection were successfully treated without explantation by employing a conservative treatment strategy of local and systemic application of clindamycin. Should no evidence of systemic infection be obvious, a conservative "local rescue" procedure should be initiated before resorting to surgical explantation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Saarland, Dept Urol & Pediat Urol, D-66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany. Univ Saarland, Dept Radiol, D-66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany. US Army Hosp, D-66849 Landstuhl, Germany. RP Derouet, H (reprint author), Univ Saarland, Dept Urol & Pediat Urol, D-66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0302-2838 J9 EUR UROL JI Eur. Urol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1 BP 66 EP 70 AR PII S0302-2838(01)00011-2 DI 10.1016/S0302-2838(01)00011-2 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 532DW UT WOS:000174457200015 PM 11999469 ER PT J AU Cloud, GL Ding, X Raju, BB AF Cloud, GL Ding, X Raju, BB TI Real-time digital speckle interferometry to measure crack length SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article C1 Michigan State Univ, Mat Sci & Mech Dept, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USA, Tank Automot Command, Warren, MI USA. RP Cloud, GL (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Mat Sci & Mech Dept, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 26 IS 1 BP 19 EP 21 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 518JJ UT WOS:000173664000006 ER PT J AU Beresnev, L Vorontsov, M Gowens, J AF Beresnev, L Vorontsov, M Gowens, J TI Dynamical phase distorsion sensing with non-linear zernike filter based on FLC light valve SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals CY AUG 05-10, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID FERROELECTRIC LIQUID-CRYSTAL; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; CONTRAST TECHNIQUES; POLARIZATION; COMPENSATION; RETRIEVAL; DISPLAY AB An optical wavefront sensor based on a non-linear Zernike filter is described. The sensor's key element is a light valve (optically addressed spatial light modulator), which is composed of ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) and semi-transparent photoconducting film of amorphous silicon carbide. The circularly polarized input light beam is focused onto the light valve by a Fourier lens in standard phase contrast filtering geometry. For the high intensity (zero order) spectral component the deviation of the FLC director by pi/4 (45degrees) results in a pi/2 phase shift. This provides a wavefront phase distortion visualization similar to a conventional Zernike filter. The response time of the sensor is estimated on the order of 200mus. The sensitivity of the sensor is on the level of units of nW. The fast FLC switchable quarter wave plate allows one to design a high contrast differential Zernike filter. C1 USA, Res Lab, Intelligent Opt Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Beresnev, L (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Intelligent Opt Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2002 VL 278 BP 749 EP 761 DI 10.1080/00150190190027500 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 607KB UT WOS:000178789800019 ER PT S AU Zhou, K Channakeshav Guo, JR You, C Goda, BS Kraft, RP McDonald, JF AF Zhou, K Channakeshav Guo, JR You, C Goda, BS Kraft, RP McDonald, JF BE Glesner, M Zipf, P Renovell, M TI Fast SiGe HBT BiCMOS FPGAs with new architecture and power saving techniques SO FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS: RECONFIGURABLE COMPUTING IS GOING MAINSTREAM SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Field-Programmable Logic and Applications CY SEP 02-04, 2002 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP Lab Informat Robot Micoelectr Montpellier AB Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have always been used for applications like signal processing, rapid prototyping etc. With the advent of SiGe HBT devices, FPGAs have found new applications in high-speed digital-system design. Since SiGe HBTs can be used along with CMOS, it has made SiGe devices very popular. This paper elaborates new ideas in designing high-speed SiGe BiCMOS FPGAs. The architecture is based on Xilinx 6200. The paper explains new methods to cut down the number of trees in the circuit. Selective tree shutdown has been used to reduce power consumption. A new decoding logic has been developed where the address and data lines are shared. These ideas have improved the performance of SiGe FPGAs. The operating frequencies of the new Configuration Logic Block (CLB) is in the range of 1-20 GHz. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM zhouk@rpi.edu; chann@rpi.edu; db9416@exmail.usma.army.mil; mcdonald@unix.cie.rpi.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-44108-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2438 BP 414 EP 423 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BV44G UT WOS:000178978700044 ER PT B AU Gutta, S Philomin, V Trajkovic, M AF Gutta, S Philomin, V Trajkovic, M GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI An investigation into the use of partial-faces for face recognition SO FIFTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AUTOMATIC FACE AND GESTURE RECOGNITION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition CY MAY 20-21, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE Comp Soc TC PAMI AB Even though numerous techniques for face recognition have been explored over the years, most research has primarily focussed on identification from full frontal/profile facial images. This paper conducts a first systemic study to assess the performance when using partial-faces for identification. Our specific approach considers an ensemble of Radial Basis Function (RBF) Networks. A specific advantage of using an ensemble is its ability to cope with the inherent variability in the image formation and data acquisition process. Our database consists of imagery corresponding to 150 unique subjects totaling to 3,000 facial images with 50 rotation. Based on our experimental results, we observe that the average Cross Validation performance is the same even if only half the face image is used instead of the full-face image. Specifically we obtain 96% when partial-faces are used and 97% when full-faces are used. C1 USA, Philips Res, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510 USA. RP USA, Philips Res, 345 Scarborough Rd, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510 USA. EM Srinivas.Gutta@philips.com; Vasath.Philomin@philips.com; Miroslav.Trajkovic@philips.com NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1602-5 PY 2002 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1109/AFGR.2002.1004126 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BU54S UT WOS:000176289900005 ER PT B AU Mills, D McNay, G AF Mills, D McNay, G BE Mullen, GL Stichtenoth, H TapiaRecillas, H TI Primitive roots in cubic extensions of finite fields SO FINITE FIELDS WITH APPLICATIONS TO CODING THEORY, CRYPTOGRAPHY AND RELATED AREAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Finite Fields and Applications (Fq6) CY MAY 21-26, 2001 CL OAXACA, MEXICO SP Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa AB N. Katz has shown that the absolute value of sums of the form Sigma(bis an element ofFq) chi(theta + b), F-q the finite field of q elements, chi a nontrivial multiplicative character of F-qn, and theta a F-q-generator of F(q)n, is bounded from above by (n-1) rootq. We use this result in conjunction with a sieve due to S. Cohen to show the following for n = 3: For any prime power q and any F-q-generator theta of F-q3, there exists a primitive element of the form atheta + b is an element of F-q3 for some a, b is an element of F-q, a not equal 0. We discuss an application of these primitive sums in their use as pseudorandom vector generators, and conclude by discussing the harder problem of guaranteeing the existence of such roots when a is forced to be 1. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Mills, D (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-43961-7 PY 2002 BP 239 EP 250 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BV60C UT WOS:000179469500019 ER PT J AU Brostoff, WN Sharifi, MR Rundel, PW AF Brostoff, WN Sharifi, MR Rundel, PW TI Photosynthesis of cryptobiotic crusts in a seasonally inundated system of pans and dunes at Edwards Air Force Base, western Mojave Desert, California: Laboratory studies SO FLORA LA English DT Article DE cryptobiotic crust; biological soil crust; photosynthesis; Mojave Desert; water content; Microcoleus ID CYANOBACTERIAL SOIL-CRUST; WATER-VAPOR UPTAKE; CRYPTOGAMIC CRUSTS; CO2 EXCHANGE; ARID LANDS; TEMPERATURE RESPONSES; SOUTHERN UTAH; NEGEV-DESERT; LICHENS; GREEN AB Cryptobiotic crusts (biological soil crusts) are a dominant component of a unique system of dunes and intermittently inundated pans and playas situated on Pleistocene Lake Thompson bed at Edwards Air Force Base. California. Previous work reported on basic ecological parameters including distribution, abundance, and species composition of these algal (cyanobacterial)dominated crusts. As a step toward building an ecological model in support of the military installation natural resources management plan, we determined the photosynthetic rate of the algal crusts under controlled laboratory conditions using a portable photosynthesis system. We examined the relation between the environmental conditions of light intensity, crust moisture content. antecedent crust moisture content, and atmospheric CO2 concentration, on photosynthetic rates. Maximal photosynthetic rates were 4.97 and 7.75 mumol m(-2) s(-1) for cryptobiotic crusts collected from dunes (upland crusts) and from pans (aquatic remnant crusts), respectively, which corresponds well with the upper range of previous reports for such algal crusts. Light saturation levels were about 1500 and 1500-2000 mumol m(-2) s(-1) for cryptobiotic crusts from both the dunes and the pans respectively. Optimal moisture content of the crusts for photosynthesis was 15-30% and 90-100% for crusts from dunes and pans respectively: both lower and higher moisture contents resulted in decreased rates of photosynthesis. With increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations up to at least 1000 ppm, photosynthesis of both sorts of crusts increased linearly to rates several times that of rates at natural CO2 concentrations. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Brostoff, WN (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, EE-W,3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0367-2530 J9 FLORA JI Flora PY 2002 VL 197 IS 2 BP 143 EP 151 DI 10.1078/0367-2530-00024 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 535PX UT WOS:000174653800007 ER PT B AU West, BJ AF West, BJ BE Losa, GA Merlini, D Nonnenmacher, TF Weibel, ER TI Fractional calculus and memory in biophysical time series SO FRACTALS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, VOL III SE MATHEMATICS AND BIOSCIENCES IN INTERACTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Fractals in Biology and Medicine CY MAR 08-11, 2000 CL ASCONA, SWITZERLAND SP Dipartimento Istruz Cultura Canton Ticino, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Maurice E Muller Fdn, Swiss Acad Sci, Banca Gottardo Lugano, Banca Svizzera Italiana Lugano, Banca Lugano, Pharma Consulting Marion Senn GMBH Burgdorf, Becton Dickinson BD Basel ID HUMAN GAIT; FLUCTUATIONS AB The simplest and probably the most familiar model of statistical processes in the physical sciences is the random walk. This model has been applied to all manner of biophysical phenomena, ranging from DNA sequences to the firing of neurons. Herein we extend the random walk model to include long-time memory in the dynamics and find that this gives rise to a fractional-difference stochastic process. The continuum limit of this latter random walk is a fractional Langevin equation, that is, a fractional differential equation driven by random fluctuations. We show that the index of the inverse power-law spectrum in many biophysical processes can be related to the order of the fractional derivative in the fractional Langevin equation. This fractional stochastic model suggests that a scale-free process guides the dynamics of many complex biophysical phenomena. C1 USA, Res Off, Div Math & Comp Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP West, BJ (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Div Math & Comp Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND BN 3-7643-6474-2 J9 MATH BIOSCI INTERAC PY 2002 BP 221 EP 234 PG 14 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA BU80P UT WOS:000177071300023 ER PT J AU Ayyagari, V Januszkiewicz, A Nath, J AF Ayyagari, V Januszkiewicz, A Nath, J TI Cellular mechanisms of NO2-mediated toxicity SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th Annual Meeting of the Oxygen-Society CY NOV 20-24, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Oxygen Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2002 VL 33 SU 2 MA 344 BP S416 EP S416 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 614PY UT WOS:000179199600363 ER PT J AU Gorbunov, N Zaucha, G Nath, J AF Gorbunov, N Zaucha, G Nath, J TI Hemorrhagic transformations and hemoglobin degradation in animal model of lung blunt trauma SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th Annual Meeting of the Oxygen-Society CY NOV 20-24, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Oxygen Soc C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2002 VL 33 SU 2 MA 16 BP S313 EP S313 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 614PY UT WOS:000179199600034 ER PT S AU Matkin, WB AF Matkin, WB BE Voelz, DG Ricklin, JC TI Steered agile beams program support for Army requirements SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND LASER IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Laser Imaging CY JUL 30-31, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE steered agile beams (STAB); laser; LaserCom; agile beams; communications AB The use of lasers in Army communications has many advantages, such as a broad bandwidth, covertness, reduced weight and size, freedom from allocating frequencies, and difficulty of intercept or jamming. The major shortfalls of using lasers are the need for line-of-sight and the potential for atmospheric degradation. The line-of-sight issue becomes a problem when either the transmitter or receiver are moving. In these instances, there is a need to develop a means of automatically acquiring and locking onto other laser devices to assure intra-beam communications. The Steered Agile Beams (STAB) program is designed to develop this technology. This presentation highlights how the STAB technology is being prepared for transition to the services. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM DSA SW Concepts & Anal, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Matkin, WB (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM DSA SW Concepts & Anal, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4203-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4489 BP 1 EP 12 AR UNSP 4489-01 DI 10.1117/12.453216 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BU16A UT WOS:000175177000001 ER PT S AU Gowens, JW AF Gowens, JW BE Voelz, DG Ricklin, JC TI High performance communications systems as an enabler of the objective force SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND LASER IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Laser Imaging CY JUL 30-31, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE AB The Army is in the midst of a transformation to design a force to meet the needs of the 21st Century. The force will have the capability to rapidly deploy in a brigade size unit. The transformation will require significant changes in the force structure that will imply the need for robust secure communications with much increased bandwidth. The Army Research Laboratory has installed an Atmospheric Laser Optics Testbed to meet the challenges of the Objective Force communications needs. The testbed has a 1.7-mile free space path to test and evaluate laser communications systems and imaging systems. The testbed became operational in June 2001. Both traditional radio frequency and optical communications will be required in the future force. The important technology challenge is to find right proportion and architecture for integration of new optical communications technology within the existing and future radio frequency networks. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gowens, JW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4203-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4489 BP 13 EP 22 AR UNSP 4489-02 DI 10.1117/12.453225 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BU16A UT WOS:000175177000002 ER PT S AU Ricklin, JC Davidson, FM AF Ricklin, JC Davidson, FM BE Voelz, DG Ricklin, JC TI Point-to-point wireless communication using partially coherent optical fields SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND LASER IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Laser Imaging CY JUL 30-31, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE ID GAUSSIAN BEAMS; PROPAGATION AB Coherent light launched into an atmospheric channel experiences substantial degradation in spatial coherence as it traverses the channel, resulting in beam wander and intensity scintillation at the receiver. Launching partially coherent light with well-defined "beam-like" properties into the channel may exploit the spatial and frequency diversity properties of the atmospheric path so that acceptably low levels of system bit error rate performance can be obtained at fiber-optic data rates. To better understand the properties of partially coherent light in an atmospheric channel, here we develop an analytic expression for the second moment of a partially coherent lowest-order Gaussian beam propagating in the presence of isotropic, homogeneous atmospheric turbulence. From the second moment equation expressions for the average intensity, beam size, complex degree of coherence, and lateral coherence length are derived. These results are valid for any beam type: focused, collimated, divergent, and the limiting cases of the plane and spherical wave. Expressions obtained here exactly reduce to the diffractive equivalents for a fully coherent beam when full coherence and the absence of turbulence are assumed. In addition, results correspond to expressions obtained previously for a partially coherent collimated beam in the absence of turbulence. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20723 USA. RP Ricklin, JC (reprint author), Army Res Lab, AMSRL-CI-CN,2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20723 USA. RI Davidson, Frederic /A-3273-2010 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4203-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4489 BP 156 EP 165 AR UNSP 4489-19 DI 10.1117/12.453224 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BU16A UT WOS:000175177000016 ER PT S AU Weyrauch, T Vorontsov, MA Gowens, JW Bifano, TG AF Weyrauch, T Vorontsov, MA Gowens, JW Bifano, TG BE Voelz, DG Ricklin, JC TI Fiber coupling with adaptive optics for free-space optical communication SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND LASER IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Laser Imaging CY JUL 30-31, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE laser communication; adaptive optics; model-free optimization ID OPTIMIZATION; MIRROR AB We describe an adaptive optical fiber coupling system for free-space optical communication comprising a micro-electromechanical deformable mirror and a VLSI gradient descent controller for model-free performance optimization. A comparison of Strehl ratio maximization with direct model-free coupling efficiency optimization revealed an advantage of the latter method. C1 US Army Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Weyrauch, T (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Bifano, Thomas/E-6412-2013 OI Bifano, Thomas/0000-0003-4952-2515 NR 10 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4203-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4489 BP 177 EP 184 AR UNSP 4489-21 DI 10.1117/12.453227 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BU16A UT WOS:000175177000018 ER PT S AU Ricklin, JC Davidson, FM AF Ricklin, JC Davidson, FM BE Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG TI Aperture averaging in a free-space laser communication system with a phase diffuser SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND LASER IMAGING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Laser Imaging II CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE optical communication; laser communication; scintillation; partial coherence; Gaussian Schell beam; aperture averaging ID OPTICAL SCINTILLATIONS; TURBULENT ATMOSPHERE; PROPAGATION AB The effects of aperture averaging in a free-space laser communication system with a phase diffuser placed in front of the transmitting aperture are studied. The partially coherent beam created by the use of a phase diffuser is modeled as a Gaussian Schell beam. To evaluate aperture averaging, an analytic expression is used for the spatial covariance of irradiance fluctuations that is valid for Gaussian beams of any degree of coherence, subject to the restriction that the atmospheric turbulence-corrupted laser beam can be described as a Gaussian stochastic process. In the weak fluctuation regime this analytic expression is found to compare reasonably well with published data. It is shown that when a partially coherent source beam is used irradiance fluctuations can be significantly reduced in the weak fluctuation regime. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, CI,CN, Adelphi, MD 20723 USA. RP Ricklin, JC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, CI,CN, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20723 USA. RI Davidson, Frederic /A-3273-2010 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4589-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4821 BP 88 EP 97 DI 10.1117/12.453532 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BV91L UT WOS:000180378300010 ER PT S AU Meyers, RE Deacon, KS Rosen, D AF Meyers, RE Deacon, KS Rosen, D BE Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG TI Numerical simulation of linear and nonlinear quantum optics as a design tool for free-space quantum communications and quantum imaging SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND LASER IMAGING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Laser Imaging II CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol AB A new quantum optics tool for simulating quantum probability density functions resulting from the linear and nonlinear interaction of photons with atoms and with other photons is developed and presented. It can be used to design and simulate quantum optics experiments used in quantum communications, quantum computing, and quantum imaging. Examples of a photon interacting with linears systems of mirrors and beamsplitters are simulated. Nonlinear simulations of the interaction of three photons resulting in photon momentum entanglement is presented. The modeling presented here is more general than the classical linear optics. The wavefunction is expanded in Fock states. Fock states cannot be represented by classical modeling and therefore, the results of our modeling can in general represent phenomena in both the linear and nonlinear cases which cannot be modeled by classical linear optics. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Meyers, RE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4589-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4821 BP 395 EP 408 DI 10.1117/12.451058 PG 14 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BV91L UT WOS:000180378300040 ER PT J AU Alexander, CMO Taylor, S Delaney, JS Ma, PX Herzog, GF AF Alexander, CMO Taylor, S Delaney, JS Ma, PX Herzog, GF TI Mass-dependent fractionation of Mg, Si, and Fe isotopes in five stony cosmic spherules SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; DEEP-SEA SPHERULES; ATMOSPHERIC ENTRY; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; SOLAR NEBULA; MICROMETEORITES; CHONDRULES; COLLECTION; ORIGIN; ANTARCTICA AB We have measured with an electron microprobe the Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Mn, and Fe contents of five strongly heated stony cosmic spherules (sCS) from the South Pole water well, We have also measured the isotopic compositions of Si, and when possible of Mg and of Fe in these objects by ion microprobe. Except for iron, the measured elemental compositions are chondritic within a factor of 2. In four samples, the ratio of Fe-57/Fe-56 exceeds the terrestrial value by 3.5parts per thousand to 48parts per thousand. Mass-dependent fractionation of the isotopes of Si ranges from similar to2 to similar to8 parts per thousand/AMU in three samples. Mg is clearly fractionated in only one sample, for which delta(25)Mg = similar to8 parts per thousand . The extent of mass-dependent fractionation of the isotopes and, by implication, of evaporative loss generally follows a trend Mg < Si < Fe. The trend is similar to that found in laboratory heating experiments of charges with solar composition. Although the observed isotopic inhomogeneities within some samples call into question the strict validity of the Rayleigh equation for the sCS, its approximate application to our new and to previously published results for Mg suggests that evaporative losses of greater than 40 wt.% occur rarely from sCS, and that the precursor grains of the sCS had a CM-carbonaceous-chondrite-like complement of Mg, Si, Ca, and Al. Low Fe contents relative to CM abundances could reflect an unusual precursor composition, or, more probably, losses by processes that did not fractionate isotopes, i.e., ejection of immiscible FeS and FeNi beads from the melt or rapid, complete separation and decomposition of FeS at the surface. Copyright (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20005 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Herzog, GF (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Alexander, Conel/N-7533-2013 OI Alexander, Conel/0000-0002-8558-1427 NR 56 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 173 EP 183 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00764-5 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 514KV UT WOS:000173439100013 ER PT S AU Santoni, RL Tingle, JS Webster, SL AF Santoni, RL Tingle, JS Webster, SL GP TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD TI Stabilization of silty sand with nontraditional additives SO GEOMATERIALS 2002: SOILS, GEOLOGY, AND FOUNDATIONS SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 81st Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Amer Publ Transportat Assoc, Amer Transportat Res Inst, Assoc Amer Railroads, Natl Asphalt Pavement Assoc AB A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the stabilization of a silty-sand (SM) material with nontraditional chemical or liquid stabilizers. SM soil specimens were mixed with various stabilization products and compacted using a gyratory compaction machine to approximate ASTM D1557 moisture-density compaction. Each specimen was subjected to wet and dry testing following the designated cure period. Twelve nontraditional stabilizers were evaluated in this experiment, including acids, enzymes, lignosulfonates, petroleum emulsions, polymers, and tree resins. Additional specimens were stabilized with an asphalt emulsion, cement, and lime to provide a comparison with traditional stabilizers under the same mixing, compaction, and curing conditions. The analysis of the test data consisted of determining the average strength, in terms of sustained load, of three replicate specimens of each mixture. The average strength of the three replicates of each additive was compared with the average strength results of the remaining nontraditional additives, the traditional stabilization results, and a series of control specimens that were not stabilized. The results of the experiment indicate increased strength of some nontraditionally stabilized specimens compared with that of both the control series and the traditional stabilization alternatives. Other nontraditional stabilizers did not demonstrate significantly increased strength compared with the control series for the conditions of the experiment. Many of the stabilized specimens were highly moisture susceptible, indicating the potential for poor performance when they are exposed to adverse environmental conditions, whereas a few specimens demonstrated excellent performance when exposed to moisture. Specific product categories are recommended for stabilizing SM soils. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD, GM,A, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Santoni, RL (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD, GM,A, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 8 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07712-5 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2002 IS 1787 BP 61 EP 70 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Geology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Geology; Materials Science; Transportation GA BV64P UT WOS:000179620300007 ER PT J AU Liston, GE McFadden, JP Sturm, M Pielke, RA AF Liston, GE McFadden, JP Sturm, M Pielke, RA TI Modelled changes in arctic tundra snow, energy and moisture fluxes due to increased shrubs SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE energy balance; shrubs; snowmelt; sublimation; runoff; land-cover change ID WOODLAND CARIBOU; LONG-TERM; NORTHEASTERN ALBERTA; COMPLEX TERRAIN; LOCAL ADVECTION; SEASONAL SNOW; SENSIBLE HEAT; BLOWING SNOW; CO2 EMISSION; VEGETATION AB In arctic tundra, shrubs can significantly modify the distribution and physical characteristics of snow, influencing the exchanges of energy and moisture between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere from winter into the growing season. These interactions were studied using a spatially distributed, physically based modelling system that represents key components of the land-atmosphere system. Simulations were run for 4 years, over a 4-km(2) tundra domain located in arctic Alaska. A shrub increase was simulated by replacing the observed moist-tundra and wet-tundra vegetation classes with shrub-tundra; a procedure that modified 77% of the simulation domain. The remaining 23% of the domain, primarily ridge tops, was left as the observed dry-tundra vegetation class. The shrub enhancement increased the averaged snow depth of the domain by 14%, decreased blowing-snow sublimation fluxes by 68%, and increased the snow-cover's thermal resistance by 15%. The shrub increase also caused significant changes in snow-depth distribution patterns; the shrub-enhanced areas had deeper snow, and the non-modified areas had less snow. This snow-distribution change influenced the timing and magnitude of all surface energy-balance components during snowmelt. The modified snow distributions also affected meltwater fluxes, leading to greater meltwater production late in the melt season. For a region with an annual snow-free period of approximately 90 days, the snow-covered period decreased by 11 days on the ridges and increased by 5 days in the shrub-enhanced areas. Arctic shrub increases impact the spatial coupling of climatically important snow, energy and moisture interactions by producing changes in both shrub-enhanced and non-modified areas. In addition, the temporal coupling of the climate system was modified when additional moisture held within the snowcover, because of less winter sublimation, was released as snowmelt in the spring. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. RP Liston, GE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Pielke, Roger/A-5015-2009 NR 60 TC 120 Z9 123 U1 5 U2 36 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 1 BP 17 EP 32 DI 10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00416.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 515WA UT WOS:000173518600002 ER PT S AU Liu, LB Arcone, SA AF Liu, LB Arcone, SA BE Koppenjan, SK Lee, H TI Numerical simulation of near-surface GPR in TE and TM modes SO GPR 2002: NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2002) CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2002 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Univ Calif, Santa Barbara, Bechtel Nevada, Special Technol Lab, GroundProbe, Sensors & Software Inc, Mala Geosci, Geophys Survey Syst DE Finite difference time domain; Air wave; Ground wave; Wave guide AB Stimulated by the inquiry of using high frequency electromagnetic ground waves to communicate information among unattended ground sensors, numerical simulations of GPR performance in different near-surface geological settings were conducted. Two sets of 400 MHz GPR field data, one from Fort Richardson, Alaska, and the other one from Hanover, New Hampshire, were used to be the 'ground truth' to compare with numerical simulations. The numerical simulation algorithm we used adapts the finite difference time domain method, with a perfectly matched layer as the absorption boundary condition to truncate outbound waves. The signal impulse has a central frequency of 400 MHz, and the time step is 0.067 ns. We have simulated four cases: a combination of two radiation polarizations (TM and TE), and two geological settings, i.e., a sandy/gravelly half-space overlain by a silty/clayey layer (the case of Fort Richardson, AK), and a silty/clayey half-space overlain by sandy/gravelly layer (the case of Hanover, NH). The results depict the following implication. (1) More EM energy is radiated into the air as an air wave for the TM mode, and more EM energy will be sent into the ground when the TE mode is used, regardless of the geological setting. (2) Where a gravelly sandy half-space overlain by a silty/clayey layer, more EM energy will be trapped in the silty/clayey layer as a ground wave guide in the TE mode with almost no air radiation, when compared with the same radiation mode in the case of silty/clayey half-space overlain by a layer of gravelly sandy. (3) For the geological setting of a sandy/gravelly half-space overlain by a silty/clayey layer, the TE mode only contains ground wave and the TM mode only contains air wave energy. This implies that for this case a far more complete separation of the air wave and the ground wave can be reached. These simulation results imply that transmission mode should consider the on-site geological setting when attempt to use the ground wave as a communication carrier. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Liu, LB (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4522-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4758 BP 273 EP 278 DI 10.1117/12.462285 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU70E UT WOS:000176734400050 ER PT S AU Arcone, SA Delaney, AJ AF Arcone, SA Delaney, AJ BE Koppenjan, SK Lee, H TI A field study of GPR attenuation rates in natural and contaminated silt SO GPR 2002: NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2002) CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2002 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Univ Calif, Santa Barbara, Bechtel Nevada, Special Technol Lab, GroundProbe, Sensors & Software Inc, Mala Geosci, Geophys Survey Syst DE radar; silt; attenuation ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; SOIL-WATER CONTENT AB GPR is considered ineffectual in penetrating silty soils. Capillary tension appears to move the interstitial water dielectric relaxation frequency near the GPR range. If hydrocarbons relieve the tension, then GPR attenuation rates should decrease. We profiled these rates across a partly contaminated quartz silt diamicton at an inactive fuel terminal in Haines, Alaska. We calculated the rates from the signal amplitude decay within a series of 400-MHz moveout surveys recorded along a single transect. We sampled the hydrocarbon content along the transect and on the wall of a trench we excavated beside it, along with water content, density and resistivity. The silt was saturated and generally at 50-80 ohm-m. The ground impedance loading brought the antenna pulse center frequency down to near 200 MHz. The rates ranged from 5 to 8 dB/m in the contaminated zone and about 10 to 15 dB/m in the uncontaminated zone, The resistivities account for the contamination rates, but a dielectric relaxation centered near 1-2 GHz, using a simple mixing model, is required to account for those in the uncontaminated zone. Hydrocarbon soil analysis suggests that the threshold level for the attenuation effect is not higher than about 1000 ppm. We suggest GPR offset surveys for assessing contamination zones. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Arcone, SA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4522-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4758 BP 302 EP 307 DI 10.1117/12.462306 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU70E UT WOS:000176734400055 ER PT S AU Arcone, SA AF Arcone, SA BE Koppenjan, SK Lee, H TI Stratigraphic profiling of antarctic firn with 400-MHz GPR at 1500 ns SO GPR 2002: NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2002) CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2002 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Univ Calif, Santa Barbara, Bechtel Nevada, Special Technol Lab, GroundProbe, Sensors & Software Inc, Mala Geosci, Geophys Survey Syst DE Antarctica; firn; radar ID ICE AB The firn regime of Antarctica extends 60-100 m deep and contains at least the last 200 years of snow deposition. As part of a program to study the influence of industrialization on antarctic climate and glacial mass balance, I have acquired about 3000 km of profiles of the stratigraphy of this regime in West Antarctica using 400-MHz GPR. Here, sections of these deeper profiles are presented to show the performance that can be achieved with commercial-grade radar in polar firn and to show some of the horizon characteristics. The profiles show 1) distinct reflections that are probably thin layer responses, 2) deepest penetration to about 130 m, 3) long-distance horizon continuity (as great as 500 km), and 4) folding caused by tectonic compression. The continuity, the increase of reflection strength with depth, and the slow variation of strength with distance suggest that the reflections are caused by chemical impurities and not density contrasts. Continuity will improve with faster trace acquisition. Resolution may not improve at higher frequencies because horizons may blur from antenna motion and horizon irregularities. C1 US Army Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Arcone, SA (reprint author), US Army Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4522-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4758 BP 433 EP 437 DI 10.1117/12.462269 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU70E UT WOS:000176734400078 ER PT S AU Berry, A Blair, JRS Heggernes, P AF Berry, A Blair, JRS Heggernes, P BE Kucera, L TI Maximum cardinality search for computing minimal triangulations SO GRAPH-THEORETIC CONCEPTS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science CY JUN 13-15, 2002 CL CESKY KRUMLOV, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Charles Univ, Dept Appl Math ID GRAPHS AB We present a new algorithm, called MCS-M, for computing minimal triangulations of graphs. Lex-BFS, a seminal algorithm for recognizing chordal graphs, was the genesis for two other classical algorithms: Lex-M and MCS. Lex-M extends the fundamental concept used in Lex-BFS, resulting in an algorithm that also computes a minimal triangulation of an arbitrary graph. MCS simplified the fundamental concept used in Lex-BFS, resulting in a simpler algorithm for recognizing chordal graphs. The new simpler algorithm MCS-M combines the extension of Lex-M with the simplification of MCS, achieving all the results of Lex-M in the same time complexity. C1 Univ Clermont Ferrand, LIMOS, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. RP Berry, A (reprint author), Univ Clermont Ferrand, LIMOS, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. EM berry@isima.fr; Jean-Blair@usma.edu; pinar@ii.uib.no OI Heggernes, Pinar/0000-0001-9460-4355 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00331-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2573 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW34X UT WOS:000181655200001 ER PT J AU Stokes, GN Shelton, JB Zahn, CM Kendall, BS AF Stokes, GN Shelton, JB Zahn, CM Kendall, BS TI Association of CD44 isoform immunohistochemical expression with myometrial and vascular invasion in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE uterus; endometrial carcinoma; invasion; cell adhesion molecule; CD44v6 ID CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE; TUMOR PROGRESSION; VARIANT ISOFORMS; PROGNOSTIC VALUE; CANCER; METASTASIS AB Objective. Appropriate clinical management of cases of FIGO Grade I and 11 endometrial carcinoma relies heavily on the determination of myometrial invasion (MI). There are no reports addressing expression of the cell adhesion molecule CD44 in the subset of Grade I and II endometrioid carcinoma (EC) as it relates to prognosis, including MI. Methods. Immunohistochemical staining for CD44s and CD44v6 was evaluated in 40 hysterectomy specimens with Grade I and 11 EC, including 11 noninvasive ECs, 14 with MI < 50% of myometrial thickness, and 15 with deep invasion (MI >50%). Staining characteristics according to the presence of MI and vascular space invasion (VSI) were evaluated. Strong membranous staining of > 10% of tumor cells was interpreted as positive. Results. CD44v6 staining was positive in 20% (8/40) of cases, including 45% (5/11) of EC without MI but only 10% (3/29) with MI (P = 0.025). CD44v6 staining was not present in deeply invasive tumors (0/15), while it was present in 8/25 superficially or noninvasive tumors (P = 0.016). Sensitivity and specificity were 25 and 100%, respectively, using CD44v6 in evaluating deep myometrial invasion. CD44s showed a trend toward positive staining when comparing noninvasive versus invasive tumors and noninvasive/superficially invasive versus deeply invasive tumors (P = 0.08 and 0.12, respectively). CD44s or CD44v6 staining was highly specific for absence of VSI, although statistical comparison did not reach significance. Conclusion. Deeply invasive EC was associated with a consistent lack of CD44v6 expression. This may have potential clinical utility if this finding is demonstrated in further study of prehysterectomy sampling specimens containing EC. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Third Med Grp, Dept Pathol, Elmendorf AFB, AK 99506 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Kendall, BS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 84 IS 1 BP 58 EP 61 DI 10.1006/gyno.2001.6770 PG 4 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 510UL UT WOS:000173225600011 PM 11748977 ER PT J AU Bochenek, GM Ragusa, JM AF Bochenek, GM Ragusa, JM TI Using a 3D virtual collaborative design environment for an advanced vehicle concept review: some test results SO HEAVY VEHICLE SYSTEMS-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF VEHICLE DESIGN LA English DT Article DE collaborative design reviews; heavy vehicles; virtual collarborative design environment; virtual reality AB This paper briefly describes several first- and second-generation virtual environment (VE) systems, and the results of US Army empirical testing of one second-generation system - the CAVE Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE). Compared in the test with the CAVE was the Army's traditional and proven method of reviewing advanced vehicle concepts - a PowerPoint(TM) briefing. Test results indicated several advantages for the VE that should be of interest to any organization facing the need to shrink development life cycles, reduce costs, and improve product and system utility. A conclusion reached is that additional research and testing are needed to provide additional insights into the use of VE technologies to improve and support collaborative product and system development, design, and acquisition. C1 USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Commands, Adv Collaborat Environm Lab, Natl Automot Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Coll Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Commands, Adv Collaborat Environm Lab, Natl Automot Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. EM bocheneg@tacom.army.mil; ragusa@mail.ucf.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 856, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1351-7848 J9 HEAVY VEH SYST JI Heavy Veh. Syst.-Int. J. Veh. Des. PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 115 EP 126 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 562RB UT WOS:000176211800002 ER PT S AU Draper, RS Bradford, CE Fellowes, DA AF Draper, RS Bradford, CE Fellowes, DA BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Comparison of n x n grille CTF measurement for VESA standard and large sample aperture methods SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays VII CY APR 01-02, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE VESA standards; grille contrast; contrast testing; display testing; Michelson Contrast; contrast transfer function; modulation transfer function ID MODULATION TRANSFER-FUNCTION AB An alternative method for measuring the contrast transfer function (CTF) of a pixilated display is proposed that reduces the amount of time required to perform a high sample rate-small aperture luminance scan as outlined in the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) standard for measuring the contrast of an n X n grille. The alternative method proposed by the Night Vision Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) Displays group utilizes round sampling apertures and large step sizes to achieve comparable results to the VESA standard method. Theoretical predictions and experimental measurements demonstrated the equivalency between the proposed large aperture method and the VESA standard method with less than 8% maximum variation and an average of 2.4% variation between the two methods over two different input contrasts and 4 different grille frequencies. Experimental results also show a reduction in time to perform the profile scan by as much as 15:1 for the NVESD proposed test method over the VESA standard method. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Draper, RS (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4461-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4711 BP 69 EP 80 DI 10.1117/12.478899 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BV18C UT WOS:000178074000008 ER PT S AU Reese, CE Bender, EJ Reed, RD AF Reese, CE Bender, EJ Reed, RD BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Advancements of the Head-Tracked Vision System (HTVS) SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays VII CY APR 01-02, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Driver's Vision Enhancer (DVE); Helmet-Mounted Display (HMD); Flat Panel Display (FPD); Head-Tracking System (HTS); image fusion; feature-level fusion; and Head-Tracked Vision System (HTVS) AB The Night Vision & Electronics Sensors Directorate and Kaiser Electronics have continued to further develop the driver's Head-Tracked Vision System (HTVS) which directs dual waveband sensors in a more natural head-slewed imaging mode. The HTVS consists of a Long-Wave Infrared (LWIR) sensor, an image-intensified sensor, a high-speed gimbal, a head-mounted display, and a head-tracker. The first prototype systems have been delivered and have undergone preliminary field trials to characterize the operational benefits of a head-tracked sensor system for tactical military ground applications. This investigation will address the advancements of the HTVS Head-Mounted Display (HMD) and head-tracker, and will discuss the advantages of additive image fusion and feature-level image fusion of the LWIR and image-intensified sensors over single-sensor performance. C1 USA, CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Reese, CE (reprint author), USA, CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4461-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4711 BP 105 EP 116 DI 10.1117/12.478863 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BV18C UT WOS:000178074000011 ER PT S AU Rostad, RJ Rash, CE AF Rostad, RJ Rash, CE BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Elevation head motion in rotary-wing flight with helmet-mounted displays SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays VII CY APR 01-02, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE helmet-mounted displays (HMDs); head motion; head position; head tracking; elevation AB In spite of an immense increase in interest in helmet-mounted displays (HMDs) over the pass two decades. there have been few studies on head motion while using HMDs in operational flight. Rotary-wing flights conducted using a number of HMD configurations have resulted in a head position database that will be useful in filling this void. Various analysis techniques have been applied to investigate characteristics of elevation head position distributions for a slalom I. unaided), night vision goggles. HMD flight maneuver for four visual environments: good visual environment (daytime, with thermal imagery. and HMD with thermal imagery and symboloy. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Rostad, RJ (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Box 620577, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4461-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4711 BP 124 EP 144 DI 10.1117/12.478865 PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BV18C UT WOS:000178074000013 ER PT S AU Bryant, KR AF Bryant, KR BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Head mounted common aperture LWIR and SWIR optics SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays VII CY APR 01-02, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE multispectral; sensor fusion; optics; passive imaging; parallax; common aperture AB Optical design is one of the major limiting factors for making any sensor and display feasible in a head-mounted application. This is especially the case for multispectral (dual-color) sensing systems because they may employ two sensors instead of one. Various approaches can be made to incorporate a multispectral imaging system in a head mounted application. One of these is to use an entrance aperture that is common to two separate sensors. This type of design is attractive in that it provides co-aligned sensors in a relatively compact package. However, multispectral, headmounted optics pose unique challenges that must be overcome by both the designer and fabricator of such a system. This paper will examine these challenges and pose conceivable optical solutions. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Washington, DC USA. RP Bryant, KR (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Washington, DC USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4461-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4711 BP 152 EP 161 DI 10.1117/12.478867 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BV18C UT WOS:000178074000015 ER PT S AU Vizgaitis, JN AF Vizgaitis, JN BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Distortion matching with head-mounted displays SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays VII CY APR 01-02, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE distortion; optics; F-theta; F-tan-theta; FLIR; head-mounted display AB Distortion is an issue that arises when designing Army Helicopter sensor packages. F-Theta versus F-Tan-Theta distortion is consistently one of the most important and least understood facets of the system. This is especially important when dealing with multiple sensors that have to use the same display. Arriving at the optimized optical solution can be a very involved and difficult design process. This paper explains what the problems are, the possible solutions, and the results of the design choices made along the way. It will elaborate on how each design choice affects image resolution, field of view (FOV), sensor fusion, and the apparent motion artifacts that are caused by mismatched distortions. The goal is to develop a better understanding of the problem, which will enable us to design the best possible optical system for the helicopter pilot. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Vizgaitis, JN (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4461-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4711 BP 162 EP 173 DI 10.1117/12.478868 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BV18C UT WOS:000178074000016 ER PT S AU Rash, CE Kalich, ME van de Pol, C AF Rash, CE Kalich, ME van de Pol, C BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Solutions to helmet-mounted display visual correction compatibility issues SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays VII CY APR 01-02, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE helmet-mounted display (HMD); eye relief; contact lens; refractive surgery ID CORNEAL OPTICAL ABERRATIONS; RADIAL KERATOTOMY PERK; PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY; CONTACT-LENSES; REFRACTIVE CHANGES; HIGH-ALTITUDE; SURGERY; AVIATORS; WEAR AB To meet the goal of 24-hour, all-weather operation, U.S. Army aviation uses a number of imaging sensor systems on its aircraft. Imagery provided by these systems is presented on helmet-mounted displays (HMDs). Fielded systems include the Integrated Helmet Display Sighting System (IHADSS) used on the AH-64 Apache. Proposed future HMD systems such as the Helmet Integrated Display Sighting System (HIDSS) and the Microvision, Inc., Aircrew Integrated Helmet System (AIHS) scanning laser system are possible choices for the Army's RAH-66 Comanche helicopter. Ever present in current and future HMD systems is the incompatibility problem between the design-limited physical eye relief of the HMD and the need to provide for the integration of laser and nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) protection, as well as the need to address the changing optical and vision requirements of the aging aviator. This paper defines the compatibility issue, reviews past efforts to solve this problem (e.g.. contact lenses, NBC masks, optical inserts. etc.), and identifies emerging techniques (e.g., refractive surgery, adaptive optics, etc.) that require investigation. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Aircrew Hlth & Performance Div, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Rash, CE (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Aircrew Hlth & Performance Div, POB 620577, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 81 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4461-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4711 BP 270 EP 289 DI 10.1117/12.478879 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BV18C UT WOS:000178074000026 ER PT S AU Rash, CE Suggs, CL AF Rash, CE Suggs, CL BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Web-based survey of visual symptoms reported by Apache aviators using the Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System (IHADSS) SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays VII CY APR 01-02, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE helmet-mounted display (HMD); vision; Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System (IHADSS); helmet fit AB A web-based study was conducted to determine the continuing presence and frequency of visual complaints reported by pilots using the monocular Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System (IHADSS) helmet-mounted display (HMD) of the AH-64 Apache helicopter. A total of 216 pilots responded to the survey, which addressed areas of visual symptoms experienced during and/or after flight, helmet fit, and acoustics. Ninety-two percent of the pilots responding to the survey reported at least one visual symptom. The most frequently reported symptom for both during and after flight was visual discomfort. One out of four respondents reported having some difficulty in purposefully alternating between visual inputs to the two eyes. Approximately two-thirds of the pilots responding expressed reasonable satisfaction with their current helmet fit. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Rash, CE (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Box 620577, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4461-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4711 BP 299 EP 315 DI 10.1117/12.478881 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BV18C UT WOS:000178074000028 ER PT S AU Radhakrishnan, N AF Radhakrishnan, N BE Sahni, S Prasanna, VK Shukla, U TI Computational science and engineering - Past, present, and future SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING - HIPC 2002, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on High Performance Computing (HiPC 2002) CY DEC 18-21, 2002 CL BANGALORE, INDIA SP IFIP Working Grp Concurrent Syst, IEEE Comp Soc, ACM, European Assoc Theoret Comp Sci C1 USA, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Radhakrishnan, N (reprint author), USA, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00303-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2552 BP 279 EP 279 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW58C UT WOS:000182489700026 ER PT S AU Derby, JJ Daoutidis, P Kwon, Y Pandy, A Sonda, P Vartak, B Yeckel, A Hainke, M Muller, G AF Derby, JJ Daoutidis, P Kwon, Y Pandy, A Sonda, P Vartak, B Yeckel, A Hainke, M Muller, G BE Breuer, M Durst, F Zenger, C TI High-performance computing, multi-scale models for crystal growth systems SO HIGH PERFORMANCE SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING COMPUTING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International FORTWIHR Conference CY MAR 12-14, 2001 CL Univ Erlangen, Erlangen, GERMANY HO Univ Erlangen ID VERTICAL BRIDGMAN GROWTH; CADMIUM ZINC TELLURIDE; INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS; MASS-TRANSFER; KTIOPO4 KTP; CONVECTION AB Large-scale numerical simulation carried out via high performance computing is proving to be an increasingly useful approach to understand crystal growth systems. However, increasing realism demands new approaches for describing phenomena important at several disparate length scales. Of special importance is the ability to represent three-dimensional and transient continuum transport (flows, heat and mass transfer), phase-change phenomena (thermodynamics and kinetics), and system design (such as furnace heat transfer during melt growth). A brief overview is presented of mathematical models and numerical algorithms employed to include such multi-scale effects. Sample results are presented for Bridgman crystal growth and solution crystal growth systems. C1 Univ Minnesota, USA, HPC Res Ctr, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Derby, JJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USA, HPC Res Ctr, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1439-7358 BN 3-540-42946-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMP SCI PY 2002 VL 21 BP 185 EP 200 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY81W UT WOS:000189470500021 ER PT S AU Beresnev, L Vorontsov, M Gowens, J AF Beresnev, L Vorontsov, M Gowens, J BE Gonglewski, JD Vorontsov, MA Gruneisen, MT TI Sub-millisecond phase contrast wavefront sensor based on an optically addressed ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator SO HIGH-RESOLUTION WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Resolution Wavefront Controls - Methods, Devices, and Applications III CY AUG 01-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE wave front sensor; optically addressed spatial light modulator; ferroelectric liquid crystal ID POLARIZATION; COMPENSATION; RETRIEVAL; DISPLAY AB A sub-millisecond wavefront sensor based on a non-linear Zernike filter is described. The sensor's key element is an optically addressed spatial light modulator (OASLM). The OASLM is composed of ferroelectric liquid crystal and an amorphous silicon carbide photo-conducting film. The OASLM is placed into the focal plane of a Fourier filtering system. The sensor operates with circularly polarized input light. For the high intensity (zero order) spectral component the deviation of the ferroelectric liquid crystal director by pi/4 (45degrees) results in a pi/2 phase shift. This provides wavefront phase distortion visualization similar to a conventional Zernike filter. The registered characteristic response time of the sensor is near 0.2ms for light intensity on the order of 100nW. C1 USA, Res Lab, Intelligent Opt Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Beresnev, L (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Intelligent Opt Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4207-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4493 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1117/12.454697 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU20Q UT WOS:000175311500010 ER PT S AU Carhart, GW Vorontsov, MA AF Carhart, GW Vorontsov, MA BE Gonglewski, JD Vorontsov, MA Gruneisen, MT TI Adaptive aberration correction based on an opto-electronic Zernike wave front sensor and the decoupled stochastic parallel gradient descent control technique SO HIGH-RESOLUTION WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Resolution Wavefront Controls - Methods, Devices, and Applications III CY AUG 01-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE parallel gradient descent; Zernike wave front sensor; adaptive optics AB We present performance results from an experimental adaptive system based on a recently proposed adaptive optics control technique - the decoupled stochastic parallel gradient descent (D-SPGD) optimization technique(1). The system consists of an opto-electronic Zernike wave front sensor implemented with a 128x128 element LC phase modulator from Boulder Nonlinear Systems and a 127 element LC phase modulator from Meadowlark Optics used as a wave front corrector. Results demonstrate that adaptive wave front correction using the D-SPGD optimization technique can provide efficient compensation of phase distortions. C1 USA, Intelligent Opt Lab, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Carhart, GW (reprint author), USA, Intelligent Opt Lab, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4207-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4493 BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.1117/12.454709 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU20Q UT WOS:000175311500020 ER PT S AU Banta, M DellaVecchia, MB Donoso, L AF Banta, M DellaVecchia, MB Donoso, L BE Gonglewski, JD Vorontsov, MA Gruneisen, MT TI Adaptive system for eye-lens aberration correction based on Stochastic parallel gradient descent optimization SO HIGH-RESOLUTION WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Resolution Wavefront Controls - Methods, Devices, and Applications III CY AUG 01-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE retinal imaging; parallel gradient descent optimization; phase distortion correction ID PHASE-DISTORTION CORRECTION AB An adaptive system based on a model-free optimization technique (stochastic parallel gradient descent optimization) is used to correct the aberration in a model of the human eye. The system is composed of a digital camera and a 37 electrode MEMS mirror connected to a computer. Static as well as slowly changing dynamic aberrations are corrected with the system. C1 USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Banta, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4207-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4493 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1117/12.454713 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU20Q UT WOS:000175311500023 ER PT S AU Weyrauch, T Vorontsov, MA Gowens, JW AF Weyrauch, T Vorontsov, MA Gowens, JW BE Gonglewski, JD Vorontsov, MA Restaino, SR Tyson, R TI Adaptive compensation of atmospheric effects with a high-resolution micro-machined deformable mirror SO HIGH-RESOLUTION WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Resolution Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices and Applications IV CY JUL 08-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE adaptive optics; free-space optical communication; MEMS mirror; stochastic parallel gradient descent ID OPTIMIZATION; OPTICS AB We present experimental results for the adaptive compensation of atmospheric turbulence effects on a free-space laser communication links at near horizontal propagation paths over 2.5 km and 5 km lengths. A high-resolution micromachined piston type mirror array (12x12 elements) and a fast beam steering mirror were used in an adaptive optics laser communication system based on the model-free stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) optimization wavefront control technique. Control of the mirror was performed by a VLSI SPGD micro-controller. The experimental results demonstrate the improvement of the receiver performance (fiber coupling efficiency) on a summer day with a refractive index structure constant in the order of C-n(2) similar or equal to 10(-14) m(-2/3). C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Comp & Commun Sci Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Weyrauch, T (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Comp & Commun Sci Div, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4593-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4825 BP 14 EP 23 DI 10.1117/12.451972 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV91Q UT WOS:000180379800003 ER PT S AU Beresnev, L Carhart, G Campbell, D Gonglewski, J Dayton, D AF Beresnev, L Carhart, G Campbell, D Gonglewski, J Dayton, D BE Gonglewski, JD Vorontsov, MA Restaino, SR Tyson, R TI Dual frequency nematic liquid crystal spatial light modulator with modulation depth 0-2 pi and operation rate in hundreds Hz region. SO HIGH-RESOLUTION WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Resolution Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices and Applications IV CY JUL 08-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE wave front corrector; dual frequency nematic liquid crystal; electric driving AB The experimental search of the shape of electrical voltage is presented for controlling the optical phase modulator based on dual frequency nematic liquid crystal. Two basic approaches were tested. One is based on universal relation between two driving frequencies, below and above inversion point, respectively. Another approach uses the combination of pulses of both frequencies, which allow us, at first, to provide the fast transition between chosen retardations and, at second, to hold final retardation for the necessary duration. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4593-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2002 VL 4825 BP 56 EP 66 DI 10.1117/12.451969 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV91Q UT WOS:000180379800008 ER PT S AU Vorontsov, MA Carhart, GW Gowens, JW AF Vorontsov, MA Carhart, GW Gowens, JW BE Gonglewski, JD Vorontsov, MA Restaino, SR Tyson, R TI Target-in-the-loop adaptive optics: Wavefront control in strong speckle-modulation conditions SO HIGH-RESOLUTION WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Resolution Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices and Applications IV CY JUL 08-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE parallel gradient descent; laser beam shaping; adaptive optics; speckles ID PHASE-DISTORTION CORRECTION; OPTIMIZATION AB A 37-control-channel adaptive optics target-in-the loop system with phase correction of the outgoing wave capable of operating in the presence of speckle-field-induced strong intensity modulation is presented. System operation is based on speckle field metric optimization using the stochastic parallel gradient descent technique. A quadratic map that linearizes phase modulation response of deformable micromachined mirror to control variable perturbation is investigated. Results demonstrate that adaptive wavefront correction using speckle-field-based beam quality metrics can significantly improve laser beam concentration on extended objects. The use of the quadratic map improves both system convergence rate and magnitude of laser beam concentration on the target. C1 USA, Res Lab, Intelligent Opt Lab, Adelphi, MD 20823 USA. RP Vorontsov, MA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Intelligent Opt Lab, Adelphi, MD 20823 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4593-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4825 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1117/12.457855 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV91Q UT WOS:000180379800009 ER PT J AU Muratikov, KL Glazov, AL Rose, DN Dumar, JE AF Muratikov, KL Glazov, AL Rose, DN Dumar, JE TI Thermoelastic photoacoustic effect near tips of radial cracks in ceramics under external loading SO HIGH TEMPERATURES-HIGH PRESSURES LA English DT Article ID RESIDUAL-STRESSES; MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS; LASER-RADIATION; INDENTATION; SOLIDS; MICROSCOPY; GENERATION AB The thermoelastic photoacoustic effect near tips of a vertical crack is investigated with linear approximation of the residual strains and stresses. The influence of external normal and shear stresses on the thermoelastic photoacoustic signal is also analyzed. The results are applied to the analysis of thermoelastic photoacoustic signal near tips of radial cracks of Vickers indented areas in an Al2O3-SiC-TiC ceramic composite. The experimental results are shown to be in good agreement with the results predicted by the theoretical model both for normal and for shear stresses. It is shown that the thermoelastic photoacoustic method can be used for the determination of stress intensity factors of cracks both for external and for residual stress fields. The value of the nonlinear thermoelastic parameter for this composite has been estimated. C1 Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. USA, TACOM, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Muratikov, KL (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, Politekhnicheskaya 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Glazov, Alexey/A-7374-2014 OI Glazov, Alexey/0000-0003-1301-1959 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0018-1544 J9 HIGH TEMP-HIGH PRESS JI High Temp.-High Press. PY 2002 VL 34 IS 5 BP 585 EP 590 DI 10.1068/htjr057 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 667NX UT WOS:000182239700009 ER PT J AU Hargrave, ML Somers, LE Larson, TK Shields, R Dendy, J AF Hargrave, ML Somers, LE Larson, TK Shields, R Dendy, J TI The role of resistivity survey in historic site assessment and management: An example from Fort Riley, Kansas SO HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; ARCHAEOLOGY AB An electrical resistivity survey of the Army City site exemplifies how geophysics can enhance the investigation and management of large historic sties. Army City was a civilian-owned commercial complex that provided goods and services to World War I era troops training at Fort Riley, Kansas. The use of resistivity at Army City enhanced the reliability of inferences about the nature and integrity of deposits, reduced the long-term costs of site management, and helped identify biases in historic maps. Geophysical techniques have the potential to play an important role in cultural resource management. Archaeologist in the United States need to develop a better understanding of the applicability and reliability of various geophysical techniques and to identify ground-truthing strategies that achieve the best balance of information return, cost, and impact to the site. C1 US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Construction Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. Geoscan Res USA, Durango, CO 81301 USA. LTA Inc, Laramie, WY USA. AFZN ES C, Ft Riley, KS 66442 USA. RP Hargrave, ML (reprint author), US Army Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Construction Engn Res Lab, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY PI TUCSON PA PO BOX 30446, TUCSON, AZ 85751-0446 USA SN 0440-9213 J9 HIST ARCHAEOL JI Hist. Archaeol. PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 BP 89 EP 110 PG 22 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 633PP UT WOS:000180291900008 ER PT J AU Chen, G Webber, SS Bliese, PD Mathieu, JE Payne, SC Born, DH Zaccaro, SJ AF Chen, G Webber, SS Bliese, PD Mathieu, JE Payne, SC Born, DH Zaccaro, SJ TI Simultaneous examination of the antecedents and consequences of efficacy beliefs at multiple levels of analysis SO HUMAN PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article ID WORK-RELATED PERFORMANCE; SELF-EFFICACY; TEAM EFFECTIVENESS; ORGANIZATIONAL-BEHAVIOR; PERSONALITY; ORIENTATION; ACHIEVEMENT; MULTILEVEL; ABILITY; CONSCIENTIOUSNESS AB Theoretical models have assumed that efficacy beliefs operate similarly (i.e., are homologous) across levels of analysis (e.g., Lindsley, Brass, & Thomas, 1995), yet limited empirical support exists to confirm this supposition. This research empirically tested a multilevel model to determine if individual-level and team-level relations involving experience, achievement motivation, efficacy beliefs, and performance are in fact homologous across levels. Members of action teams in both lab and field settings completed measures assessing individual differences and efficacy beliefs. Subsequent ratings of individual performance and objective team performance were obtained following multiple performance episodes. Results revealed both similarities and dissimilarities between individual-level and team-level antecedents and consequences of efficacy beliefs, suggesting the assumption of homology in models of efficacy beliefs should be revisited. Contributions and implications to efficacy research and other multilevel research are discussed. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Concordia Univ, Dept Management, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Management, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Psychol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Chen, G (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 69 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 7 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0895-9285 J9 HUM PERFORM JI Hum. Perform. PY 2002 VL 15 IS 4 BP 381 EP 409 DI 10.1207/S15327043HUP1504_05 PG 29 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 606EM UT WOS:000178721100005 ER PT J AU Priest, RF Swain, JE AF Priest, RF Swain, JE TI Humor and its implications for leadership effectiveness SO HUMOR-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IMPLICIT AB We examined the relationship between leader effectiveness mid humor in two cadet samples at the United States Military Academy. In both groups, subordinates were asked to recall particularly good or bad leaders and then rate them on leadership and humor. In study 1, using Craik, Lampert, and Nelson's (1996) measure of styles of humorous conduct, warm humorous conduct was higher in good leaders than in bad leaders, even after controlling statistically for rated leadership. In study 2, participants rated other attributes such as physical ability, intelligence, and consideration, as well as humor and leadership. Again, we found that good leaders were rated higher in humor, even after controlling statistically for other attributes. Organisational culture, in the military and elsewhere, supports the use of humor by leaders in appropriate ways. Although a study that included average leaders, instead of very good or bad leaders, might not show such strong effects, further research into the context for appropriate use of humor by leaders is certainly indicated. C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Swain, JE (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 28 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 6 U2 13 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0933-1719 J9 HUMOR JI Humor-Int. J. Humor Res. PY 2002 VL 15 IS 2 BP 169 EP 189 DI 10.1515/humr.2002.010 PG 21 WC Language & Linguistics; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Linguistics; Psychology GA 588NJ UT WOS:000177707300003 ER PT J AU Farrell, JP Dudnikov, V Carroll, JJ Merkel, G AF Farrell, JP Dudnikov, V Carroll, JJ Merkel, G TI Beam-based production of Hf-178m2 SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd AFOSR Isomer Workshop held in conjunction with the 24th International Conference on LASERS 01 CY DEC, 2001 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA DE nuclear isomer; cross-sections; fusion reaction ID ISOMERIC STATES; 31-YR ISOMER; RAY AB In this study, the production yield for the reaction Yb-176(Be-9, alpha3n) Hf-178 was explored using the FN tandem injected superconducting LINAC at SUNY at Stony Brook at a Be-9 energy of 65 MeV. By comparing the experimental yield of Hf-178 ground state gamma rays with those of W-180 as a function of energy, the cross section for production of the incomplete fusion. rays in Hf-178 was evaluated. Coincidence measurements were made to get information about the population strength of the high spin states in Hf-178. From these measurements, the maximum cross section for the reaction Yb-176(Be-9, alpha3n)Hf-178m2 is estimated to be no larger than 5 mb. C1 Brookhaven Technol Grp Inc, Setauket, NY USA. Youngstown State Univ, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Farrell, JP (reprint author), Brookhaven Technol Grp Inc, Setauket, NY USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2002 VL 143 IS 1-4 BP 55 EP 61 DI 10.1023/A:1024085618240 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 688QZ UT WOS:000183448500007 ER PT S AU Masrur, MA Monroe, J Patel, R Garg, VK AF Masrur, MA Monroe, J Patel, R Garg, VK GP IEEE IEEE TI 42-volt electrical power system for military vehicles - Comparison with commercial automotive systems SO IEEE 56TH VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VTC FALL 2002, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE VTS Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 56th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference CY SEP 24-28, 2002 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE Vehicular Technol Soc DE 42-volt system; automotive electronics; vehicular power system; power electronics; vehicular electrical system architecture; drive-by-wire; X-by-wire; LAV; HMMWV; UGV; wiring harness; alternator AB A comparative study of needs and issues to implement 42-volt dc power systems in the military and the commercial vehicles is presented. The current voltage levels of 14 volts in commercial and generally 28 volts in military vehicles have difficulty in sustaining the growing demands of electrical loads, created largely due to the advent of power electronics. Presently the 42-volt system is finding its headway in the commercial automotive industry. However, there still remain some significant issues, that need to be carefully examined in order to transition 42-volt systems into military vehicles. The difference between the military and commercial applications of 42 volt is also described in this paper including any ramifications due to this difference. C1 USA, TACOM, AMSTA TR R, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Masrur, MA (reprint author), USA, TACOM, AMSTA TR R, MS-264, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1090-3038 BN 0-7803-7467-3 J9 IEEE VTS VEH TECHNOL PY 2002 BP 1846 EP 1850 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA BV58A UT WOS:000179406100379 ER PT B AU Cole, MW Demaree, JD Hubbard, CW Wood, MC Ervin, MH AF Cole, MW Demaree, JD Hubbard, CW Wood, MC Ervin, MH GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Novel Ni-based ohmic contacts to n-SiC for high temperature and high power device applications SO IEEE LESTER EASTMAN CONFERENCE ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DEVICES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Lester Eastman Conference on High Performance Devices CY AUG 06-08, 2002 CL UNIV DELAWARE, NEWARK, DE SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Techn Soc, Off Naval Res, AF Off Sci Res, Aixtron Corp HO UNIV DELAWARE ID SILICON-CARBIDE; NICKEL AB Novel Pt/Ti/WSi/Ni composite ohmic contacts to n-SiC were investigated as a function of annealing temperatures up to 1000 degreesC. The onset of ohmic behavior occurred after annealing at 900 degreesC. Annealing at temperatures between 950 and 1000 degreesC yielded excellent ohmic behavior. At these temperatures the contact-SiC interface was smooth, defect free and characterized by a narrow Ni2Si reaction region. The annealed contacts possessed smooth surface morphologies and exhibited minimal contact expansion. The residual carbon, resultant from SiC decomposition, was constrained by reaction with the WSi and Ti metallization layers forming carbide phases of W and Ti. The locations of the carbide phases were spatially distant from the metal semiconductor interface. The anneal optimized (annealed at 950 and 1000 degreesC for 30 s) Pt/Ti/WSi/Ni ohmic contacts to n-SiC were evaluated for thermal stability via pulsed/cyclic thermal fatigue and aging experiments at 650 degreesC. Negligible changes in the electrical properties, microstructure, and surface morphology/roughness were observed for both annealed ohmic contacts in response to 100 cycles of acute cyclic thermal fatigue. Aging of the 950 degreesC annealed contact for 75 hours at 650 degreesC resulted in electrical failure and chemical interdiffasion/reaction between the contact and SiC substrate. The 1000 degreesC annealed contact retained omicity after 100 h of aging and was found to be chemically and microstructurally stable. These findings indicate that the 1000 degreesC annealed Pt/Ti/WSi/Ni ohmic contact to n-SiC is thermally stable and merits strong potential for utilization in high temperature and pulsed power devices. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7478-9 PY 2002 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1109/LECHPD.2002.1146733 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BV65M UT WOS:000179659100010 ER PT J AU Tayag, TJ Steer, MB Harvey, JF Yakovlev, AB Davis, J AF Tayag, TJ Steer, MB Harvey, JF Yakovlev, AB Davis, J TI Spatial power splitting and combining based on the Talbot effect SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE coupled mode analysis; interference; MMIC power amplifiers; multimode waveguides; power combiners; power dividers ID MULTIMODE AB The Talbot effect, a multimode interference phenomenon, is investigated as a technique for combining power from solid-state devices in order to generate higher levels of microwave and millimeter-wave power in a process referred to as quasioptical or spatial power combining. We explore the feasibility, of using the Talbot effect to implement a 1 x 8 power splitter and an 8 x I power combiner at 94 GM. We report the first demonstration of the multimode interface phenomenon in a planar waveguide at 8 GHz. C1 Texas Christian Univ, Dept Engn, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Elect Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Tayag, TJ (reprint author), Texas Christian Univ, Dept Engn, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1531-1309 J9 IEEE MICROW WIREL CO JI IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 9 EP 11 DI 10.1109/7260.975718 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 512RV UT WOS:000173338100004 ER PT J AU De Roo, RD Munn, J Pierce, LE Nashashibi, AY Ulaby, FT Samples, GS AF De Roo, RD Munn, J Pierce, LE Nashashibi, AY Ulaby, FT Samples, GS TI SPRI: Simulator of polarimetric radar images SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING AB Simulator of polarimetric radar images (SPRI) consists of a suite of image processing programs for producing realistic millimeter-wave (MMW) radar images artificially on a workstation. The heart of the simulation approach is a polarimetric Rayleigh clutter simulator coupled to a clutter database. The simulator produces high resolution single-look polarimetric images. Hard targets can then be embedded into this clutter map, and the resultant image can be degraded in resolution, number of looks, polarization, etc. to match that which would be observed by a real sensor. Examples of simulated images, and comparisons of these simulations to actual images, are presented. The MMW Clutter Database is the most comprehensive to-date database of over 3500 Mueller matrices for many kinds of terrestrial clutter measured at 35 and 95 GHz, many of which are at incidence angles close to grazing. The database can be accessed via a World Wide Web flexible interface that enables data to be combined in new and unique ways specified by the user, and displayed in either tabular or graphical format. The structure and access procedure to the database are described. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP De Roo, RD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI De Roo, Roger/J-2208-2012 OI De Roo, Roger/0000-0001-8391-2950 NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 251 EP 261 DI 10.1109/7.993244 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 531KE UT WOS:000174413900021 ER PT B AU Ballard, JR Smith, JA AF Ballard, JR Smith, JA GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI A multi-wavelength thermal infrared and reflectance scene simulation model SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB Several theoretical calculations are presented and our approach discussed for simulating overall composite scene thermal infrared exitance and canopy bi-directional reflectance of a forest canopy. Calculations are performed for selected wavelength bands of the DOE Multispectral Thermal Imagery and comparisons with atmospherically corrected MTI imagery are underway. NASA EO-1 Hyperion observations also are available and the favorable comparison of our reflective model results with these data are reported elsewhere. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ballard, JR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 45 EP 47 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800015 ER PT B AU Ren, H Du, Q Jensen, J AF Ren, H Du, Q Jensen, J GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Constrained weighted least squares approaches for target detection and classification in hyperspectral imagery SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB Least squares unmixing methods are widely used to solve linear mixture problems for endmember abundance estimation in hyperspectral imagery. In this paper, a weighted least squares method is introduced as a generalization. When different weight matrix is used, a certain detector or classifier will be resulted. For accurate abundance fraction estimation, a constrained weighted least squares approach is developed by combining sum-to-one and nonnegativity constraints. The experimental results show that when a meaningful weight matrix is applied as a data pre-processing operator, the weighted least squares method will outperform ordinary least squares solution and the constrained methods will outperform unconstrained ones. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Ren, H (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 3426 EP 3428 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116801114 ER PT S AU Berger, H Neander, J AF Berger, H Neander, J BE Shen, SS TI Spectral signature variations, atmospheric scintillations and sensor parameters SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VIII CY JUL 08-10, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE scintillation; time-domain; atmospheric correction; spectral signature; atmospheric turbulence AB The spectral signature of a material is the curve of power density vs. wavelength (lambda) obtained from measurements of reflected light. It is used, among other things, for the identification of targets in remotely acquired images. Sometimes, however, unpredictable distortions may prevent this. In only a few cases have such distortions been explained. We propose some reasonable arguments that in a significant number of circumstances, atmospheric turbulence may contribute to such spectral signature distortion. We propose, based on this model, what appears to be one method that could combat such distortion. C1 Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Berger, H (reprint author), Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4584-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4816 BP 104 EP 107 DI 10.1117/12.451696 PG 4 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BV73W UT WOS:000179917000011 ER PT S AU Ruby, JG Fischer, RL AF Ruby, JG Fischer, RL BE Shen, SS TI Spectral signatures database for remote sensing applications SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VIII CY JUL 08-10, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE spectral signatures; remote sensing; database; VIS-NIR; reflectance; thermal; fluorescence AB A spectral signatures database (SSDB) has been developed to support the use of spectral sensing for remote sensing applications. A broad range of data from multiple regions of the electromagnetic spectrum is supported, including ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, thermal infrared, and fluorescence. Future plans include support of hemispherical reflectance data. A priority in the database development was schema flexibility. Data can be archived with minimum or detailed sets of attributes. Pre-defined, community-standard attributes are included, but custom attributes may be added to meet the specific project or data requirements. The database incorporates all sources of signature data, including laboratory equipment, field radiometers, and imaging spectrometers. The database can also incorporate. and reference other metadata such as project history, personnel information, spatial information, temporal information, equipment parameters, reference documents, photos, and imagery. The database was developed with entirely off-the-shelf products and exists in both stand-alone and web-based versions. Searching and filtering utilities have been included to allow a user to quickly locate and extract signatures of interest. Currently available application tools include two- and three-dimensional visualization, signature statistics, and surface matching and comparison. Data exporting is also available, which includes the creation of commercial image processing spectral libraries. C1 USA, Corps Engn Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Ruby, JG (reprint author), USA, Corps Engn Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4584-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4816 BP 156 EP 163 DI 10.1117/12.453793 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BV73W UT WOS:000179917000016 ER PT J AU Krakauer, T AF Krakauer, T TI The polyphenol chlorogenic acid inhibits staphylococcal exotoxin-induced inflammatory cytokines and chemokines SO IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-SYNDROME TOXIN-1; HUMAN-DISEASE; SUPERANTIGENS; INDUCTION; CELLS; MICE AB Proinflammatory cytokines mediate the toxic effect of staphylococcal exotoxins (SE). Chlorogenic acid, a plant polyphenol, inhibited SE-induced T-cell proliferation (by 98%) and production of interleukin 1beta, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 6, interferon gamma, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, and MIP-1beta by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These data indicate that chlorogenic acid may be therapeutically useful for mitigating the pathogenic effects of SE. Naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid may serve as a potent anti-inflammatory agent alternative to conventional chemotherapeutics. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Krakauer, T (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 15 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0892-3973 J9 IMMUNOPHARM IMMUNOT JI Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. PY 2002 VL 24 IS 1 BP 113 EP 119 DI 10.1081/IPH-120003407 PG 7 WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 553DJ UT WOS:000175660100009 PM 12022439 ER PT S AU Driggers, RG Vollmerhausen, R Devitt, N Halford, C Barnard, K AF Driggers, RG Vollmerhausen, R Devitt, N Halford, C Barnard, K BE Appleby, R Holst, GC Wikner, DA TI Impact of speckle on laser range-gated shortwave infrared imaging system target identification performance SO INFRARED AND PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared and Passive Millimeter-wave Imaging Systems CY APR 03-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE laser range-gated imaging; electro-optics performance modeling AB The U.S. Army and the U.S. Air Force are investigating laser range-gated shortwave infrared (LRG-SWIR) imaging systems for use in target identification. When coupled to an electron-bombarded CCD, the imaging system can obtain high-resolution images at long ranges. Speckle, an image artifact inherent in laser illuminated imaging systems, results from interference patterns caused by the coherent illumination. Laser speckle degrades target identification performance but can be reduced by averaging successive LRG-SWIR images. This research is a first attempt at quantifying target identification performance degradation associated with laser speckle. The research begins with a laboratory experiment to verify a speckle model that includes power spectral density and intensity probability density functions. An LRG-SWIR sensor simulation is developed that includes coherent illumination resulting in speckle target images. A field demonstration is performed to verify the fidelity of the simulation. The simulation is then applied to the NVESD target identification set with various levels of image averaging and blur. Observer performance results are analyzed in terms of target identification probability and the effects of various levels of blur and speckle are characterized. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Modeling & Simulat Div, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Driggers, RG (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Modeling & Simulat Div, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4469-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4719 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1117/12.477438 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV28V UT WOS:000178460300001 ER PT S AU Maurer, T Driggers, RG Vollmerhausen, R Friedman, M AF Maurer, T Driggers, RG Vollmerhausen, R Friedman, M BE Appleby, R Holst, GC Wikner, DA TI 2002 NVTherm improvements SO INFRARED AND PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared and Passive Millimeter-wave Imaging Systems CY APR 03-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE infrared; turbulence; NIIRS; thermal imaging; sensor performance model AB The windows version of the Night Vision Thermal Imaging System Performance Model, NVTherm, was released in March 2001. NVTherm provides accurate predictions of sensor performance for both well-sampled and undersampled thermal imagers. Since its initial fielding in March 2001, a number of improvements have been implemented. The most significant improvements are: 1) the addition of atmospheric turbulence blurring effects, 2) National Imagery Interpretability Rating System (NIIRS) estimates, 3) and the option for slant-path MODTRAN transmission. This paper presents these modifications, as well as a brief description of some of the minor changes and improvements that have been completed over the past year. These significant changes were released in January 2002. C1 USA, Commun & Elect Command, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Maurer, T (reprint author), USA, Commun & Elect Command, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4469-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4719 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1117/12.477448 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV28V UT WOS:000178460300002 ER PT S AU Devitt, N Driggers, R Vollmerhausen, R Maurer, T AF Devitt, N Driggers, R Vollmerhausen, R Maurer, T BE Appleby, R Holst, GC Wikner, DA TI The impact of display artifacts on target identification SO INFRARED AND PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared and Passive Millimeter-wave Imaging Systems CY APR 03-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID RECOGNITION AB Display artifacts such as raster and square pixelization associated with flat panel displays can be characterized using sampled imaging systems analysis. When the output raster/pixelization signal is large compared to the image modulation, the overall system performance is degraded. In this research, we investigated display methods for sampled imaging systems, including pixel replication, bilinear interpolation, and a higher-order interpolation. Problems with the performance modeling of these processes are discussed and a perception test is implemented for comparison. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Devitt, N (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4469-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4719 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.1117/12.477454 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV28V UT WOS:000178460300003 ER PT S AU Jacobs, E Edwards, T Miller, B Hodgkin, V AF Jacobs, E Edwards, T Miller, B Hodgkin, V BE Appleby, R Holst, GC Wikner, DA TI Comparison of ID performance using real and synthetic imagery SO INFRARED AND PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared and Passive Millimeter-wave Imaging Systems CY APR 03-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE simulation; validation; sensor; infrared; human perception AB Recent experiments performed at the US Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) provide significant insight into the validation of synthetic imagery for use in human perception experiments. This paper documents the procedures and results of target identification (ID) experiments using real and synthetic thermal imagery. Real imagery representing notional first generation and advanced scanning sensor systems was obtained. Parameters derived from the sensor data were used to generate synthetic imagery using the NVESD Paint the Night simulation. Both image sets were then used in a target identification experiment with trained human observers. Perception test results were analyzed and compared with metrics derived from the imagery. Several parameters missing from the original truth data were found to correlate with differences in the perception data. Synthetic data were regenerated using these additional parameters. A subsequent perception experiment confirmed the importance of these parameters, and a good match was obtained between real and synthetic imagery. While the techniques used in this series of experiments do not constitute a definitive method for validating synthetic imagery, they point to some important observations on validation. The main observation is that both target and local background characteristics must be sufficiently specified in the truth data in order to obtain good agreement between synthetic and real data. The paper concludes with suggestions as to the level of detail necessary for truth data when using synthetic imagery in perception experiments. C1 USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Jacobs, E (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd,STE 420, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4469-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4719 BP 34 EP 41 DI 10.1117/12.477465 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV28V UT WOS:000178460300004 ER PT S AU Moyer, S Driggers, RG Vollmerhausen, R Soel, M Warren, P Welch, G Rhodes, WT AF Moyer, S Driggers, RG Vollmerhausen, R Soel, M Warren, P Welch, G Rhodes, WT BE Appleby, R Holst, GC Wikner, DA TI Mid-wave infrared target source characteristics for focal plane applications SO INFRARED AND PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared and Passive Millimeter-wave Imaging Systems CY APR 03-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID IMAGER AB The U.S. Army is currently investigating the differences between various bands in the midwave and long wave infrared spectrum. A holistic approach to quantifying scene information is used in previous research. That is, both natural backgrounds and vehicles are present in scenes when correlation analyses are performed. Similar research has also been performed using hyperspectral imagers. Hyperspectral imagers inherently have poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this research, a mid-wave infrared broadband sensor was cold-filtered to provide four sub-bands in the mid wave region. A multi-waveband sensor was used to collect midwave infrared imagery of military vehicles and natural backgrounds. Three blackbody sources were placed at the same range as the vehicles for radiometric calibration. The goals were to collect radiometrically corrected data of various targets and process this data for comparative analysis. The images were segmented to remove all unwanted imagery from the images under observation. Correlations were performed to assess the differences in information content. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Moyer, S (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4469-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4719 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1117/12.477476 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV28V UT WOS:000178460300007 ER PT S AU Grobmyer, JE Lum, T Morris, RE AF Grobmyer, JE Lum, T Morris, RE BE Appleby, R Holst, GC Wikner, DA TI LADAR MOUT evaluation (LAME) conducted at the McKenna MOUT site Fort Benning, Georgia SO INFRARED AND PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared and Passive Millimeter-wave Imaging Systems CY APR 03-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB The Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) of the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) conducted a series of Captive Flight Tests (CFT) gathering urban Laser Radar (LADAR) imagery at the McKenna Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT) facility located at Fort Benning, Georgia, July 18 through August 4, 2001. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMRDEC, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. RP Grobmyer, JE (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMRDEC, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4469-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4719 BP 113 EP 123 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV28V UT WOS:000178460300011 ER PT S AU Milton, OJ Walker, RM McMillan, RW AF Milton, OJ Walker, RM McMillan, RW BE Appleby, R Holst, GC Wikner, DA TI A compact, uncooled, long-wave infrared bolometer camera SO INFRARED AND PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared and Passive Millimeter-wave Imaging Systems CY APR 03-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB The use of uncooled bolometer focal plane arrays in long-wave infrared cameras is becoming more widespread due to reductions in price and increases in sensitivity of these devices. These improvements have made infrared cameras affordable by almost everyone and have expanded their range of usefulness to applications not previously exploited. We describe a compact, lightweight (<500g) camera that has a 320X240 focal plane array with 51 micron pixel size and a 50 milli-Kelvin noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD). Research is being conducted to reduce the pixel size to 25 microns, thus quadrupling the number of pixels, and to reduce the NETD by a factor of two. Recent measurements of the spectral response of this sensor show that it has usable sensitivity out to wavelengths of 25 microns and beyond, so that it would be useful for detecting cold targets and for applications such as detecting weapons concealed beneath clothing, since the longer wavelengths have been shown to penetrate clothing more readily than the generally accepted 8 - 12 micron range of the long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) band. Examples of images obtained with this camera will be shown. C1 USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Milton, OJ (reprint author), USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4469-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4719 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1117/12.477452 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV28V UT WOS:000178460300016 ER PT S AU Wikner, DA AF Wikner, DA BE Appleby, R Holst, GC Wikner, DA TI Polarimetric radiometry of natural scenes SO INFRARED AND PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared and Passive Millimeter-wave Imaging Systems CY APR 03-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE passive millimeter-wave imaging; polarimetry; Stokes; treeline AB This paper presents our group's most recent passive millimeter-wave (MMW) measurements made using a 94-GHz Stokes-vector radiometer. Included are images and analyses of treeline data. These data were collected to investigate the possible use of passive MMW sensors to perform the helicopter collision avoidance task. The treeline data presented were collected in both the summer and winter. The results of the analysis show that in the winter the detection of the treeline can be straightforward because of an often-low horizon sky brightness temperature. The contrast between the tree branches and the horizon are seen in the data to be about 10-15 K. The summer case, however, shows a horizon sky-to-tree brightness temperature ratio of about 1. A simple statistical analysis of the summer image shows that the trees, in our case, can be distinguished from the horizon sky based upon the statistical parameters alone. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wikner, DA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4469-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4719 BP 391 EP 396 DI 10.1117/12.477463 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV28V UT WOS:000178460300039 ER PT S AU Goldberg, AC Fischer, T Derzko, Z Uppal, PN Winn, M AF Goldberg, AC Fischer, T Derzko, Z Uppal, PN Winn, M BE Dereniak, EL Sampson, RE TI Development of a dual-band LWIR/LWIR QWIP focal plane array for detection of buried land mines SO INFRARED DETECTORS AND FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Detectors and Focal Plane Arrays VII CY APR 02-03, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE buried land mines; dual band infrared; QWIP; mine detection; countermine technology AB We report on the development and testing of a new dual-band infrared (IR) focal plane array (FPA) specifically designed to detect buried land mines. The detector response spectra were tailored to take advantage of the sharp spectral features associated with disturbed soils. The goal was to have a "blue" channel with peak response near 9.2 mum and a "red" channel with maximum response at 10.5 mum. The quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) is particularly suited for this application because of the flexibility available in designing the peak wavelength of the detector and the relatively narrow width of the response spectrum. FPAs were produced and tested under the U. S. Army Research Laboratory's Advanced Sensors Collaborative Research Alliance in co-operation with the Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate. We report on laboratory measurements of the response spectra, the dark current as a function of operating temperature, and the conversion efficiency in both the blue and red channels. Imagery was taken in the field of buried anti-tank mines. The images were analyzed by combining the data from the two channels into single fused images. C1 USA, Res Lab, EO IR Technol Branch, AMSRL SE EE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Goldberg, AC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, EO IR Technol Branch, AMSRL SE EE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4471-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4721 BP 184 EP 195 DI 10.1117/12.478846 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV33A UT WOS:000178611900020 ER PT S AU Shen, HE Aliberti, K Stead, M Ruff, W Stann, B AF Shen, HE Aliberti, K Stead, M Ruff, W Stann, B BE Dereniak, EL Sampson, RE TI Rectification in metal-semiconductor-metal detectors used as optoelectronic mixers SO INFRARED DETECTORS AND FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Detectors and Focal Plane Arrays VII CY APR 02-03, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE metal-semiconductor-metal detector; optoelectronic mixer; rectification current ID TRANSIENT-RESPONSE; PHOTODETECTORS AB Variation in rectification current with ac-bias frequency has recently been observed in metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) detectors when utilized as optoelectronic mixers in a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FM/cw) LADAR System. This current degrades the performance of the LADAR System by inducing false targets. In this paper, we present a detailed experimental and theoretical investigation on the origin of this current. We find that MSM detectors exhibit asymmetric current-voltage characteristics that are related to imperfections in device design and processing. We also find that, although the asymmetry is usually small, a rectification current may exist even under zero mean ac bias. Both the dark current and the photocurrent exhibit asymmetric behavior, but have opposite asymmetry with respect to one another. Under transient bias voltage the device shows two transient current responses: (1) a fast one related to the displacement current and (2) a slow one related to the removal of carriers from the device. The asymmetry in current related to the slow process is opposite to the do asymmetry, while the asymmetry in current related to the fast process is more symmetric. The rectification current varies not only with ac voltage and optical power, but also with ac bias frequency. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shen, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4471-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4721 BP 269 EP 279 DI 10.1117/12.478855 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV33A UT WOS:000178611900029 ER PT S AU Berger, H Rand, R AF Berger, H Rand, R BE Strojnik, M Andresen, BF TI Time domain scattering of travelling wave radiance (invited) SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing CY JUL 10-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE integro-differential equation; 2(nd) order differential equation; radiative transfer; time domain; travelling evanescent waves; frequency domain AB I present, apparently, a new description of radiative transfer problems in the time domain. It appears that for the first time a simple physical picture emerges of the underlying essence of scattered radiance when dealing with isotropic axially-symmetric scattering in nonconservative linear media as attenuated travelling waves. Previously, it has been shown in the frequency domain where the physical interpretation as scattering by travelling waves was by analogy. The method used a new differential equation approach. Initially its accuracy in the frequency domain was demonstrated by applying it to a solved problem, where in the literature it is dealt with using the conventional 95-year-old integro-differential equation description. Confidence in the differential equation method was bolstered by showing how this new method produces the same analytical answer. The new technique converts the integro-differential equation formulation of radiative transfer into a "pure" differential equation formulation, consisting here in a mixture of ordinary and partial derivatives, and solves that. This paper analyzes the situation in the time domain using the differential equation description and again yields a travelling wave description. However, this time it is not simply by analogy that such a description is obtained. It is exact. This result of attenuated travelling waves was demonstrated in a prior paper by solving the integro-differential equation for the classic problem of axially-symmetric scalar isotropic scattering in a nonconservative linear medium. In this paper we revisit the problem, this time solving it by the differential equation method and obtain the identical result, once again confirming the method. C1 Topograph Engn Ctr, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Berger, H (reprint author), Topograph Engn Ctr, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4586-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4818 BP 110 EP 117 DI 10.1117/12.453705 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV95F UT WOS:000180513500012 ER PT S AU Jensen, JO Ifarraguerri, AI Loerop, WR Wadsworth, W Dybwad, JP AF Jensen, JO Ifarraguerri, AI Loerop, WR Wadsworth, W Dybwad, JP BE Jensen, JO Spellicy, RL TI Chemical Imaging System SO INSTRUMENTATION FOR AIR POLLUTION AND GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MONITORING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation for Air Pollution and Global Atmospheric Monitoring CY OCT 31-NOV 01, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE AB The Chemical Imaging System (CIS) is a small, high-speed long-wave infrared (8 - 12 mum) imaging spectrometer which is currently under development by the United States Army. The fielded system will operate at 360 scans per second with a large format focal-plane-array. Currently, the CIS uses the TurboFT FTS in conjunction with a 16-pixel direct-wired HgCdTe detector array. The TurboFT spectrometer provides high-speed operation in a small, lightweight package. In parallel to the hardware development, an algorithm and software development effort is underway to address some unique features of the CIS. The TurboFT-based system requires a non-uniform sampling Fourier transform algorithm in order to preserve signal fidelity. Also, the availability of multiple pixels can be exploited in order to improve the interference suppression capabilities of the system by allowing the detection and identification algorithm to adapt its parameters to the changing background. Due to the enormous amount of data generated, the signal processing must proceed at very high rate. High-speed computers operating with a parallel architecture are required to process the data in real time. This paper describes the current CIS "bread box" system. It includes some field measurement results followed by a discussion of the issues and challenges associated with meeting the design goals set for the program. C1 USA, Soldier & Biol Chem COmmand, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSSB,RRT, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Jensen, JO (reprint author), USA, Soldier & Biol Chem COmmand, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSSB,RRT, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4302-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4574 BP 52 EP 62 DI 10.1117/12.455168 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BU23E UT WOS:000175417900007 ER PT S AU Jensen, JO Theriault, JM Bradette, C Gittins, C Marinelli, W AF Jensen, JO Theriault, JM Bradette, C Gittins, C Marinelli, W BE Jensen, JO Spellicy, RL TI Results from the Pronghorn Field Test using passive infrared spectroradiometers - CATSI and AIRIS SO INSTRUMENTATION FOR AIR POLLUTION AND GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MONITORING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation for Air Pollution and Global Atmospheric Monitoring CY OCT 31-NOV 01, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE AB The Pronghorn Field Tests were held at the Nevada Test Site for a two-week period in June 2001. Two passive infrared sensors were tested for inclusion into the Joint Service Wide Area Detection Program. The Adaptive InfraRed Imaging Spectroradiometer (AIRIS) and Compact ATmospheric Sounding Interferometer (CATSI) systems were tested with good results. This field test was a joint effort between the U.S (SBCCOM) and Canada (DREV). Various chemicals were detected and quantified from a distance of 1.5 kilometers. Passive ranging of Chemical Plumes was demonstrated. C1 USA, SBCCOM, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Jensen, JO (reprint author), USA, SBCCOM, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4302-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4574 BP 95 EP 99 DI 10.1117/12.455164 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BU23E UT WOS:000175417900011 ER PT S AU Alexander, TA AF Alexander, TA BE Jensen, JO Spellicy, RL TI Development of a novel spectroscopic methodology for the unique determination of bacterial spores SO INSTRUMENTATION FOR AIR POLLUTION AND GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MONITORING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation for Air Pollution and Global Atmospheric Monitoring CY OCT 31-NOV 01, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE ID TERBIUM DIPICOLINATE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BACILLUS-CEREUS; IDENTIFICATION; EXTRACTION AB A novel methodology has been developed for the determination (i.e., identification and quantification) of bacterial spores that may be useful in many applications; most notably, development of detection schemes toward potentially harmful biological agents such as Bacillus anthracis.(1) In addition, this method would be useful as an environmental warning system where sterility is of importance (i.e., food preparation areas 2 as well as invasive and minimally-invasive medical applications 3). This method is based on the infrared (1 1500 to 4000-mm) absorption of fatty acids and peptides extracted from the spore. The absorption spectra of several bacterial spore extracts in carbon disulfide solution have been measured. Further, the groups of absorption bands in this region are unique for each spore, which implies it may be possible to use this technique for their determination. The Bacillus spores studied were chosen because they are taxonomically close to each other as well as to Bacillus anthracis.(4.5) Expectedly, the measured absorption bands are heavily overlapped since the extracted analytes are similar in structure for each Bacillus spore. Additionally, this makes it impossible to use a single wavelength for the determination of any bacterial spore species. However, it may be possible to use the infrared absorption technique in conjunction with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression method (6-8) to develop statistical models for the determination of bacterial spores. Results will be presented concerning sampling, data treatment, and development of PLS models as well as application of these models in the determination of unknown Bacillus bacterial spores. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EO, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Alexander, TA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EO, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4302-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4574 BP 100 EP 107 DI 10.1117/12.455147 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BU23E UT WOS:000175417900012 ER PT S AU Dahmani, R Gupta, N AF Dahmani, R Gupta, N BE Jensen, JO Spellicy, RL TI Spectroscopic analysis of automotive engine oil SO INSTRUMENTATION FOR AIR POLLUTION AND GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MONITORING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation for Air Pollution and Global Atmospheric Monitoring CY OCT 31-NOV 01, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE ID EMISSION AB Infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR) and acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) technology were combined to develop a portable spectrophotometer for use in engine oil analysis to identify and quantify oil contaminants and residue products. Preliminary measurements were taken with a field-portable AO'TF-based spectrometer (2 to 4.5 mum) and an FTIR spectrometer (2 to 25 mum) for comparison. Absorption spectra of used and unused oil samples were measured and compared to determine absorption changes between the various samples resulting from oil degradation and any chemical reactions that might have taken place during high-temperature engine lubrication. These preliminary results indicate that IR spectroscopy can be used for oil quality monitoring in automotive engines, which will help predict and prevent engine failure and degradation. This work can be extended to other remote sensing applications, such as the monitoring of environmental oil spills. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Dahmani, R (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4302-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4574 BP 179 EP 183 DI 10.1117/12.455157 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BU23E UT WOS:000175417900021 ER PT S AU Gupta, N AF Gupta, N BE Jensen, JO Spellicy, RL TI Remote sensing using hyperspectral and polarization images SO INSTRUMENTATION FOR AIR POLLUTION AND GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MONITORING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation for Air Pollution and Global Atmospheric Monitoring CY OCT 31-NOV 01, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; spectropolarimetric imager; visible to near-IR; acousto-optic tunable filter; AOTF; variable retarder ID OBJECT RECOGNITION; AOTF AB We have developed relatively compact, lightweight, and programmable hyperspectral/polarization imaging systems using an acousto-optic tunable filter with different focal plane arrays to cover the spectral range from the visible to the long infrared wavelength region. Four separate imagers have been developed to cover this spectral region. In general, an AOTF is a polarization-sensitive tunable optical device. By combining it with a tunable retarder we can also collect the polarization signatures as well as the spectral signatures. We have such spectropolarimetric imagers in the visible-to-near infrared (VNIR, 0.4-1.0 mum) and short wave IR (SWIR, 0.9-1.7 mum) regions. A lot of remote sensing data using a VNIR spectropolarimetric imager have been analyzed using a commercial image processing software program (ENVI). In this paper we will discuss the result of this analysis. The VNIR imager was used to collect spectral and polarization data from various objects and backgrounds, both in the laboratory and in field tests. This imager uses a tellurium dioxide (TeO2) acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) and a liquid-crystal variable retardation (LCVR) plate with a charge coupled device (CCD) camera. The spectral images were collected from 0.45 to 1.0 mum with a 10 nm step, at two or four polarization settings for each spectral interval. We analyzed a portion of these data to assess the effectiveness of this system for foliage detection. Here we present our imager design, some results from our measurements and discuss the analysis results. Our results clearly show that compact, robust hyperspectral imaging systems with spectral and polarization detection capabilities will contribute significantly in a wide variety of future remote sensing applications. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gupta, N (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Gupta, Neelam/B-8702-2013 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4302-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4574 BP 184 EP 192 DI 10.1117/12.455158 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BU23E UT WOS:000175417900022 ER PT J AU Richardson, P Sieh, L Elkateeb, A Haniak, P AF Richardson, P Sieh, L Elkateeb, A Haniak, P TI Real-time Controller Area Networks (CAN) - managing transient surges SO INTEGRATED COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE Electro Information Technology Conference (IEEE EIT 2001) CY JUN 06-08, 2001 CL ROCHESTER, MICHIGAN AB Controller Area Network (CAN) is a control network protocol that can be found in a wide range of embedded systems. Control networks are inherently real-time local area networks (LANs) whose correct performance is specified in terms of the reliable and timely delivery of messages. These networks are typically required to provide long periods of uninterrupted service in harsh and dynamic environments. Under these conditions, the network is prone to transient-surges in loading that tend to upset temporal behavior. During transient-surges, it is highly desirable to sustain the timely transmission of critical messages. In this effort we describe a protocol that provides Quality of Service (QoS) support for critical real-time message transmissions under nominal conditions and during transient-surges. Our approach uses the CAN protocol in conjunction with a time-value scheduling algorithm, The QoS support for individual message transmissions considers system-state, network loading, and the value of pending messages with respect to time. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. USA, Vetron Technol Ctr, AMSTATRR, Tank Automat RD&E Ctr,TACOM, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Richardson, P (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1069-2509 J9 INTEGR COMPUT-AID E JI Integr. Comput.-Aided Eng. PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 149 EP 165 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 572WY UT WOS:000176799000005 ER PT J AU Catherino, HA Batson, DC AF Catherino, HA Batson, DC TI Smart batteries for automotive applications SO INTEGRATED COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE Electro Information Technology Conference (IEEE EIT 2001) CY JUN 06-08, 2001 CL ROCHESTER, MICHIGAN AB The US Army has been pursuing the development of a Smart Battery development as part of its on-going efforts for reducing operation and maintenance costs of the Army's ground vehicles, As a consequence of this effort, it became evident that the smart battery has a much broader significance well beyond that of an operations and maintenance cost reduction exercise. In effect, the traditional concept of a battery as a simple energy storage unit yielded to that of a critical component in a power management subsystem. A smart battery is a standard battery having an embedded microcontroller that monitors key sensor inputs, processes and stores the derived information and reports the results on a shared data bus. In that arrangement, the smart battery serves the function of a status-reporting load-leveling component of the over-all subsystem. As such, the smart battery becomes an essential contributor to a digital nervous system in vehicle systems. The smart battery is creating a new way of defining what a battery is. It is evident that the use of smart batteries has a direct bearing on vehicle readiness and enables system-wide planning, organization and control of the power and energy resources. C1 USA, AMSTA, TR, EPWR 267,Tank Automat & Armaments Command, Warren, MI 48397 USA. PowerSmart Inc, Needham, MA 02494 USA. RP Catherino, HA (reprint author), USA, AMSTA, TR, EPWR 267,Tank Automat & Armaments Command, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1069-2509 J9 INTEGR COMPUT-AID E JI Integr. Comput.-Aided Eng. PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 185 EP 193 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 572WY UT WOS:000176799000008 ER PT J AU Hoffman, RC Beck, WA Tipton, CW Robertson, DN Clark, WW Udayakumar, KR Beratan, HR Soch, K Hanson, CM AF Hoffman, RC Beck, WA Tipton, CW Robertson, DN Clark, WW Udayakumar, KR Beratan, HR Soch, K Hanson, CM TI Enhanced infrared absorption by ferroelectric-conducting oxide thin-film structures SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE infrared; uncooled; conducting oxides; ferroelectrics AB Infrared absorbing free-standing bridge structures are anticipated to be used in the next generation of ferroelectric uncooled infrared detectors. These structures will consist of resonant cavities with an absorbing bridge element, which contains the ferroelectric detector and the contact electrodes. An oxide electrode is preferable to a metallic electrode, because the metallic electrode reflects too much of the incoming radiation at reasonable thickness. For this paper, spectral transmission and reflection of lanthanum nickelate (LNO), barium ruthenate (BRO) and strontium ruthenate (SRO) films were measured, and it was found that the properties could be described as a simple two-dimensional conducting sheet. The optical absorption of several freestanding bridge structures was modeled, and optimized dimensions and electrode conductivity are presented which yield greater than 80% absorption over the full 8-14 mum band. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Raytheon Syst, Dallas, TX USA. RP Hoffman, RC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2002 VL 43 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1080/10584580190043679 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 570TJ UT WOS:000176673700001 ER PT J AU Piekarski, B Dubey, M Zakar, E Polcawich, R DeVoe, D Wickenden, D AF Piekarski, B Dubey, M Zakar, E Polcawich, R DeVoe, D Wickenden, D TI Sol-gel PZT for MEMS applications SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Ferroelectric Workshop (FWPR-2001) CY JUN 01-02, 2001 CL SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO DE PZT; MEMS resonators; MEMS magnetometer; MEMS pumps; MEMS pressure sensors AB Thin-film piezoelectric materials offer an alternative transduction mechanism to electrostatic actuation and capacitive sensing with many attractive advantages for applications in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Researchers at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory are utilizing sot-gel deposited lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin-films in developing several new MEMS technologies, including high frequency filters, magnetometers, micropumps, and pressure sensors. The fabrication procedure and an overview of the technologies being developed are reported. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Piekarski, B (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI DeVoe, Don/A-2891-2011 OI DeVoe, Don/0000-0002-7740-9993 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2002 VL 42 BP 25 EP 37 DI 10.1080/10584580210868 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 562JD UT WOS:000176192900004 ER PT J AU Potrepka, DM Tidrow, SC Tauber, A AF Potrepka, DM Tidrow, SC Tauber, A TI Improved temperature stability of microwave properties in tunable devices using substituted Ba1-xSrxTiO3 SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Ferroelectric Workshop (FWPR-2001) CY JUN 01-02, 2001 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE phase shifter; true time delay; dielectric constant; tunability; loss tangent; microwave ID PHASED-ARRAY ANTENNAS; BARIUM STRONTIUM-TITANATE; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; COMPOSITE CERAMICS; SHIFTER; RELAXOR; CONSTANT; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM; BATIO3 AB An improvement in ferroelectric device technology has become possible through optimization of the properties of the ferroelectric materials used to make the devices. The improvements discussed herein impact true time delay line and phase shifter performance by enhancing control over dielectric constant and extending the temperature range of tunability and device operation. Figures of merit were obtained for substituted-Ba1-xSrxTiO3 materials which have lower, less varying dielectric constant and adequate, less varying tunability at 1 MHz over the mil spec (-50 degreesC to 100 C) range. For the sample whose figure of merit varies the least, dielectric constant and losses at 20 GHz and room temperature are reported. Dielectric constant and losses at 1 kHz are discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013 NR 31 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 EI 1607-8489 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2002 VL 42 BP 97 EP 121 DI 10.1080/10584580210846 PG 25 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 562JD UT WOS:000176192900009 ER PT S AU Huang, W Jain, F AF Huang, W Jain, F BE Sidorin, YS Tervonen, A TI Integrated InGaAs-InP quantum wire lasers and stark effect modulators for 1.55 mu m applications SO INTEGRATED OPTICS: DEVICES, MATERIALS, AND TECHNOLOGIES VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Optics - Devices, Materials, and Technologies VI CY FEB 21-23, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE quantum wire modulator; quantum wire laser; Stark effect; integrated lasers and modulators ID DEPENDENCE AB Quantum wire lasers and modulators offer superior performance over their quantum well counterparts. This paper presents simulation of an integrated InGaAs-InP quantum wire laser-modulator structure operating at 1.55 mum. In the case of quantum wire lasers, we have computed the optical gain as a function, of current density for wires having widths ranging between 60-100 Angstrom. For example, the threshold current density of as low as 61 A/cm(2) is computed for a wire with a width of 80 Angstrom. In case of quantum wire modulators, we compute the changes in the absorption coefficient and index of refraction due to an external electric field ranging between 0-120kV/cm. For example, the percentage of absorption changes (Deltaalpha/alpha) between 30kV/cm and 60kV/cm applied electric field is about 450% for a 80 Angstrom quantum wire. The changes in electro-absorption or electro-refraction can be maximized by choosing optimum combination of wire dimensions, operating wavelength and electric field to obtain lasing and modulation. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10997 USA. RP Huang, W (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10997 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4379-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4640 BP 226 EP 234 DI 10.1117/12.433295 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BU94S UT WOS:000177443600027 ER PT S AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE BE Brandt, HE TI Induced dynamic polarization charge and current density of a relativistic test particle in a nonequilibrium relativistic beam-plasma system SO INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intense Microwave Pulses IX CY APR 02-03, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE bremsstrahlung; relativistic electron beams; radiative instability; beam-plasma systems; plasma turbulence ID BREMSSTRAHLUNG RECOIL FORCE AB The effective charge of a test particle in a nonequilibrium beam-plasma system is the sum of the actual charge and the induced dynamic polarization charge surrounding it. Associated with the latter is the induced dynamic polarization current. Expressions are derived for the induced dynamic polarization charge and current density of a relativistic test particle in a nonequilibrium beam-plasma system. These expressions are useful in the calculation of the nonlinear dynamic polarization force on the test particle. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4470-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4720 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1117/12.469839 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BV18G UT WOS:000178076100004 ER PT S AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE BE Brandt, HE TI Nonlinear dynamic polarization force on a relativistic test particle in a nonequilibrium relativistic beam-plasma system SO INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intense Microwave Pulses IX CY APR 02-03, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE bremsstrahlung; relativistic electron beams; radiative instability; beam-plasma systems; plasma turbulence ID BREMSSTRAHLUNG RECOIL FORCE; CHARGE AB In a nonequilibrium beam-plasma system, the contribution of the polarization charge to the total force on a relativistic test particle, namely the dynamic polarization force, is calculated to fourth order in the total electromagnetic field for a slowly varying, nearly spatially independent background distribution with no external fields. This relation is useful in calculations of collective radiation processes and the conditions for the occurrence of collective radiative instability in relativistic beam-plasma systems. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4470-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4720 BP 90 EP 95 DI 10.1117/12.469845 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BV18G UT WOS:000178076100011 ER PT J AU Roberts, DJ Nica, D Zuo, G Davis, JL AF Roberts, DJ Nica, D Zuo, G Davis, JL TI Quantifying microbially induced deterioration of concrete: initial studies SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Biodeterioration of Construction Materials CY OCT 15-16, 1999 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Natl Sci Fdn ID CROWN CORROSION; SEWER PIPES; BIODETERIORATION; THIOBACILLI; SYSTEM AB Microbially induced concrete corrosion damages concrete structures, especially sewage collection systems, throughout the world, costing municipalities millions of dollars worldwide. The overall theory explaining microbial deterioration of concrete is quite well developed in the literature. There is, however, very little information of a quantitative nature that can be used to model the process. This manuscript presents a review of the current literature, shares the initial results of studies designed to quantify and model the process, and makes some suggestions of further areas of research needed to advance modeling of the process. Initial results have revealed that widely varying numbers of acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms (ASOM) and neutrophilic sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms (NSOM) are present in the sewage inoculum. Numbers as high as 10(6) M PN/100 ml and as low as non-detectable have been found in sewage. A small number, 0.12 (MPN/cm(2))/(MPN/100 ml) ASOM and 0.04 (MPN/cm(2))/(MPN/100 ml) NSOM are able to attach to initially weathered concrete and then even smaller numbers of these, 1% ASOM and 3% NSOM, survive to colonize and further reduce the pH of the concrete. These set up the microbial succession required for the full development of the concrete deterioration process. More data quantifying the environmental conditions that effect the numbers of SOM in sewage and their survival on concrete is required before an accurate model of the entire deterioration process can be developed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Houston, Cullen Coll Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Roberts, DJ (reprint author), Univ Houston, Cullen Coll Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI Roberts, Deborah/B-2546-2010 OI Roberts, Deborah/0000-0002-0668-2001 NR 28 TC 58 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 227 EP 234 AR PII S0964-8305(02)00049-5 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(02)00049-5 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 565YY UT WOS:000176399200002 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JA Hall, KK Erickson, BS AF Caldwell, JA Hall, KK Erickson, BS TI EEG data collected from helicopter pilots in flight are sufficiently sensitive to detect increased fatigue from sleep deprivation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; EFFICACY AB This investigation determined whether the electroencephalographic (EEG) changes associated with sleep deprivation could be reliably recorded from aviators flying standardized maneuvers in an aircraft. In-flight EEG data were recorded from 10 UH-60 helicopter pilots who were kept awake for approximately 26 hr. In addition, resting EEGs and mood data were collected in the laboratory between flights. Results indicate that EEG theta activity, and to some extent delta activity, increases as a function of sleep deprivation in both settings. In addition, mood decrements were associated with the fatigue from sleep loss. These results indicate it is possible to monitor a pilot's general fatigue levels via the EEG without interfering with the primary duty of flying the aircraft. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Caldwell, JA (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, POB 620577, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. EM john.caldwell@se.amedd.anny.mil NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 19 EP 32 DI 10.1207/S15327108IJAP1201_3 PG 14 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 561BL UT WOS:000176116400003 ER PT J AU Stewart, JE Dohme, JA Nullmeyer, RT AF Stewart, JE Dohme, JA Nullmeyer, RT TI US Army initial entry rotary-wing transfer of training research SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Early fixed-wing research demonstrated that potential cost and training benefits could be derived from simulation-augmented primary flight training. More recent research in this area has been the exception, not the rule, This is especially true for rotary-wing aircrew training research. Currently, the U.S. Army does not use simulation in the primary (contact) phase of initial entry rotary-wing (IERW) training. Research performed by the Army Research Institute showed that a combination of synthetic flight simulation and criterion-based training during the primary phase of IERW had the potential for saving training time and costs in the aircraft. This research was performed using a low-cost simulator based upon the UH-1 helicopter. In the 4 quasi-experiments reported, positive transfer effectiveness ratios (TERs) were observed for most flight maneuvers pretrained in the simulator; student pilots in the simulator group required fewer iterations than control participants to reach proficiency on most flight maneuvers in the UH-1 training aircraft. As the visual display and flight modeling systems were upgraded, greater TERs were observed, and differences among groups tended to become significant. C1 USA, Res Inst, Rotary Wing Aviat Res Unit, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Stewart, JE (reprint author), USA, Res Inst, Rotary Wing Aviat Res Unit, Bldg 5100, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2002 VL 12 IS 4 BP 359 EP 375 DI 10.1207/S15327108IJAP1204_3 PG 17 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 622KE UT WOS:000179645600003 ER PT J AU Rowinsky, E Schwartz, G Dutcher, J Vogelzang, N Gollob, J Thompson, J Bukowski, R Figlin, R Lohner, M Roskos, L Hwang, CC Foon, KA Schwab, G AF Rowinsky, E Schwartz, G Dutcher, J Vogelzang, N Gollob, J Thompson, J Bukowski, R Figlin, R Lohner, M Roskos, L Hwang, CC Foon, KA Schwab, G TI Phase 2 clinical trial in renal cell cancer (RCC) evaluating the safety and effectiveness of ABX-EGF, a fully human anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody (mAb). SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Canc Therapy & Res Ctr S Texas, Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Our Lady Mercy Med Ctr, Bronx, NY USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Cleveland Clin, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Abgenix Inc, Clin Operat, Fremont, CA USA. Abgenix Inc, Pharmacokinet Toxicol, Fremont, CA USA. Abgenix Inc, Biometr, Fremont, CA USA. Abgenix Inc, Clin Dev, Fremont, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PY 2002 SU 13 BP 87 EP 87 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 565PP UT WOS:000176378900280 ER PT J AU Medina, VF Larson, SL Agwaramgbo, L Perez, W AF Medina, VF Larson, SL Agwaramgbo, L Perez, W TI Treatment of munitions in soils using phytoslurries SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE phytoremediation; phytoslurry; munitions; TNT; RDX ID FERREDOXIN NADP OXIDOREDUCTASE; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; SPINACH; TRINITROTOLUENE; TRANSFORMATION; PRODUCTS; WATER; TNT AB Phytoremediation is an established technology for the treatment of explosives in water and soil. This study investigated the possibility of using slurried plants (or phytoslurries) to treat explosives (TNT and RDX). The degradation of TNT in solution using intact and slurried parrotfeather (Myriophyllum aquaticum), spinach (Spinicia oleracea), and mustard greens (Brassica juncea) was evaluated. Phytoslurries of parrotfeather and spinach removed the TNT faster than the intact plant. Conversely, the removal rate constants for slurried and intact mustard greens were about the same. A study using pressurized heating to destroy enzymatic activity in the phytoslurries was also conducted to compare removal from released plant chemicals to adsorptive removal. Aqueous phase removal of TNT by autoclaved spinach phytoslurry was compared with nonautoclaved spinach phytoslurry. The autoclaved phytoslurry did remove TNT, but not as completely as nonautoclaved slurry. This suggests that some removal is due to adsorption, but not all. Phytoslurries of mustard greens and parrotfeather had higher RDX removal rates compared with intact plant removal, but the rates for parrotfeather in either case were relatively low. Phytoslurries of spinach had relatively modest increases in RDX removal rates compared with intact plant. Studies were then conducted with phytoslurry/soil mixtures at two scales: 60 ml and 1.51. In both cases, phytoslurries of mustard greens and spinach removed TNT and RDX at higher levels than control slurries. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Richland, WA 99352 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Tougaloo Coll, Dept Chem, Tougaloo, MS 39174 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Medina, VF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tri Cities,2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2002 VL 4 IS 2 BP 143 EP 156 DI 10.1080/15226510208500079 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 626RW UT WOS:000179887900006 PM 12655807 ER PT J AU Reynolds, CM AF Reynolds, CM TI Response to the letter from Brown, Miller, Gussman, Nadeau, and Allen on Terminology for treating petroleum-contaminated soils SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Reynolds, CM (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engineer Res Dev Ctr, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2002 VL 4 IS 4 BP 332 EP 334 DI 10.1080/15226510208500092 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 636BY UT WOS:000180435700007 ER PT J AU Endy, TP Nisalak, A AF Endy, TP Nisalak, A TI Japanese encephalitis virus: Ecology and epidemiology SO JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS AND WEST NILE VIRUSES SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CULEX-BITAENIORHYNCHUS MOSQUITOS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M ANTIBODIES; TRANS-OVARIAL TRANSMISSION; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ARBOVIRUS INFECTIONS; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; INFLUENZA-VIRUSES; KOLAR DISTRICT; DENGUE VIRUSES; HUMAN-DISEASE C1 USA, MC, AFRIMS, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Endy, TP (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Bldg 1245,Room 11,1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 168 TC 107 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2002 VL 267 BP 11 EP 48 PG 38 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BU56U UT WOS:000176394500002 PM 12082986 ER PT J AU Turell, MJ Sardelis, MR O'Guinn, ML Dohm, DJ AF Turell, MJ Sardelis, MR O'Guinn, ML Dohm, DJ TI Potential vectors of West Nile virus in North America SO JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS AND WEST NILE VIRUSES SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; TRANS-OVARIAL TRANSMISSION; VALLEY FEVER VIRUS; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; TRANSOVARIAL TRANSMISSION; JAPONICUS-JAPONICUS; UNITED-STATES; CULEX-PIPIENS; MOSQUITOS; TEMPERATURE C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Vector Assessment, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Turell, MJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Vector Assessment, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 46 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2002 VL 267 BP 241 EP 252 PG 12 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BU56U UT WOS:000176394500012 PM 12082992 ER PT S AU Ward, WA Mahood, CL West, JE AF Ward, WA Mahood, CL West, JE BE Feitelson, DG Rudolph, L Schwiegelshohn, U TI Scheduling jobs on parallel systems using a relaxed backfill strategy SO JOB SCHEDULING STRATEGIES FOR PARALLEL PROCESSING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing CY JUL 24, 2002 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND AB Backfill is a technique in which lower priority jobs requiring fewer resources are initiated before one or more currently waiting higher priority jobs requiring as yet unavailable resources. Processors are frequently the resource involved and the purpose of backfilling is to increase system utilization and reduce average wait time. Generally, a scheduler backfills when the user-specified run times indicate that executing the lower priority jobs will not delay the anticipated initiation of the higher priority jobs. This paper explores the possibility of using a relaxed backfill strategy in which the lower priority jobs axe initiated as long as they do not delay the highest priority job too much. A simulator was developed to model this approach; it uses a parameter omega to control the length of the acceptable delay as a factor times the wait time of the highest priority job. Experiments were performed for a range of omega values with both user-estimated run times and actual run times using workload data from two parallel systems, a Cray T3E and an SGI Origin 3800. For these workloads, overall average job wait time typically decreases as omega increases and use of user-estimated run times is superior to use of actual run times. More experiments must be performed to determine the generality of these results. C1 Comp Sci Corp, CEERD IH C, USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr,Major Shared Resource Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ward, WA (reprint author), Comp Sci Corp, CEERD IH C, USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr,Major Shared Resource Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00172-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2537 BP 88 EP 102 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW70E UT WOS:000182855900006 ER PT J AU Dunkers, JP Sanders, DP Hunston, DL Everett, MJ Green, WH AF Dunkers, JP Sanders, DP Hunston, DL Everett, MJ Green, WH TI Comparison of optical coherence tomography, X-ray computed tomography, and confocal microscopy results from an impact damaged epoxy/E-glass composite SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION LA English DT Article DE optical coherence tomography; X-ray computed tomography; confocal microscopy; composites; damage ID ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; RADIOGRAPHY AB Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging technique for imaging of synthetic materials. OCT is attractive because it combines high sensitivity (> 90 dB), high resolution (5 mum to 20 mum), and low cost, approximately US $75 K. The value of any new technology is evaluated by how well it compares with existing methods. In this work, impact damage of an epoxy/E-glass composite is imaged using OCT and the results were compared with micro-focus X-ray computed tomography. This technique is a good benchmark to compare with OCT because both techniques have the ability to locate features precisely and have comparable resolutions. OCT is considered to be a confocal technique so it was also compared to laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Contrast mechanisms, sensitivity, resolution, depth of penetration, and artifacts among the techniques are compared and contrasted. Also, impact damage features revealed using OCT are briefly discussed. C1 NIST, Polymer Composites Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Technol Program, Livermore, CA USA. USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Dunkers, JP (reprint author), NIST, Polymer Composites Grp, 100 Bur Dr,STOP 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8464 J9 J ADHESION JI J. Adhes. PY 2002 VL 78 IS 2 BP 129 EP 154 DI 10.1080/00218460210386 PG 26 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 558PV UT WOS:000175976500003 ER PT J AU Agnello, VA Nelson, MR AF Agnello, VA Nelson, MR TI Portal hypertension associated with noncaseating granulomatous disease in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 109 IS 1 SU S MA 571 BP S193 EP S193 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(02)81707-9 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 519UX UT WOS:000173744800570 ER PT J AU Brown, LL Kelly, WF Hnatiuk, OW Katial, RK AF Brown, LL Kelly, WF Hnatiuk, OW Katial, RK TI A case of common variable immunodeficiency with asymptomatic BOOP SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 109 IS 1 SU S MA 579 BP S195 EP S195 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(02)81715-8 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 519UX UT WOS:000173744800578 ER PT J AU Martin, BL Nelson, MR Labutta, R King, TE Williams, JF Minor, MC Grabenstein, JE Engler, RJM AF Martin, BL Nelson, MR Labutta, R King, TE Williams, JF Minor, MC Grabenstein, JE Engler, RJM TI Anthrax vaccine temporally associated systemic adverse events referred to a tertiary medical center SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 109 IS 1 SU S MA 424 BP S145 EP S145 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(02)81560-3 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 519UX UT WOS:000173744800423 ER PT J AU Montgomery, JR Martin, BL Olivos-Glander, I Turner, M Darnell, D Holland, SM AF Montgomery, JR Martin, BL Olivos-Glander, I Turner, M Darnell, D Holland, SM TI Recurrent cutaneous infections, hyperkeratosis, ichthyosis and deafness and a newly identified Connexin 26 gene mutation A40V SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. GeneDx, Rockville, MD USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 109 IS 1 SU S MA 195 BP S78 EP S78 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(02)81331-8 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 519UX UT WOS:000173744800194 ER PT J AU Nelson, MR Agnello, VA Martin, BL Engler, RJM AF Nelson, MR Agnello, VA Martin, BL Engler, RJM TI A role for combined RAST and skin testing in insect sting anaphylaxis: Experience at a tertiary medical center between 1984-1991 SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 109 IS 1 SU S MA 825 BP S270 EP S270 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(02)81960-1 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 519UX UT WOS:000173744800822 ER PT J AU Waibel, KH Katial, RK AF Waibel, KH Katial, RK TI Craniopharyngioma masquerading as allergic rhinitis: A case report SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Wheaton, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 109 IS 1 SU S MA 1060 BP S342 EP S342 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(02)82195-9 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 519UX UT WOS:000173744801057 ER PT J AU Driskell, WJ Shih, M Needham, LL Barr, DB AF Driskell, WJ Shih, M Needham, LL Barr, DB TI Quantitation of organophosphorus nerve agent metabolites in human urine using isotope dilution gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALKYL METHYLPHOSPHONIC ACIDS; DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHOTOMETRIC DETECTION; HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; PENTAFLUOROBENZYLATION; ELECTROPHORESIS; SAMPLES; SARIN; SERUM C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Driskell, WJ (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011 NR 14 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 26 IS 1 BP 6 EP 10 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 513EX UT WOS:000173365900002 PM 11888020 ER PT J AU Skogerboe, JG Getsinger, KD AF Skogerboe, JG Getsinger, KD TI Endothall species selectivity evaluation: Northern latitude aquatic plant community SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aquathol (R) K; aquatic herbicide selectivity; native aquatic plants; Myriophyllum spicatum; Potamogeton crispus; Potamogeton illinoensis; Potamogeton pectinatus; Ceratophyllum demersum; Elodea Canadensis; Vallisneria Americana; Typha latifolia; Polygonum hydropiperoides; Pontederia cordata; Nuphar advena ID HERBICIDES AB Species selectivity of the aquatic herbicide dipotassium salt of endothall (Aquathol(R) K) was evaluated on plant species typically found in northern latitude aquatic plant communities. Submersed species included Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.), curlyleaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus L.), Illinois pondweed (Potamogeton illinoensis Morong.), sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus L.), coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum L.), elodea (Elodea canadensis Michx.) and wildcelery (Vallisneria americana L.). Emergent and floating-leaf plant species evaluated were cattail (Typha latifolia L.), smartweed (Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx.), pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata L.) and spatterdock (Nuphar advena Aiton). The submersed species evaluations were conducted in 7000 L mesocosm tanks, and treatment rates included 0, 0.5 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/L active ingredient (ai) endothall (dipotassium salt of endothall). The exposure period consisted of a 24-h flow through half- life for 7 d. The cattail and smartweed evaluation was conducted in 860 L mesocosm tanks, and the spatterdock and pickerelweed evaluations were conducted in 1600 L mesocosm tanks. Treatment rates for the emergent and floating-leafed plant evaluations included 0, 0.5, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/L ai endothall, and the exposure period consisted of removing and replacing half the water from each tank, after each 24 h period for a duration of 120 h. Biomass samples were collected at 3 and 8 weeks after treatment (WAT). Endothall effectively controlled Eurasian watermilfoil and curlyleaf pondweed at all of the application rates, and no significant regrowth was observed at 8 NAAT. Sago pondweed, wildcelery, and Illinois pondweed biomass were also significantly reduced following the endothall application, but regrowth was observed at 8 WAT. Coontail and elodea showed no effects from endothall application at the 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/L application rates, but coontail was controlled at 4.0 mg/L rate. Spatterdock, pickerelweed, cattail, and smartweed were not injured at any of the endothall application rates. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Waterways Expt Stn, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Skogerboe, JG (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Waterways Expt Stn, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, 1 Fish Hatchery Rd, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 5 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 40 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 569RZ UT WOS:000176617200001 ER PT J AU Poovey, AG Getsinger, KD AF Poovey, AG Getsinger, KD TI Impacts of inorganic turbidity on diquat efficacy against Egeria densa SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE suspended clay; colloidal particles; Brazilian elodea; Reward (R) AB In clear water. diquat [6,7-dihydrodipyrido (1,2-1a:2',1'-c) pyrazinediium dibromide] provides excellent submersed Plant control at low concentrations, such as <0.5 mg active ingredient (ai) L-1: however. turbid water conditions can interfere with the activity and effectiveness of this herbicide. Little work has been done to examine what ranges of turbidity caused by different Suspended sediment types affect diquat efficacy against a target species. A growth chamber study was conducted rising diquat against the submersed macrophyte -egeria (Egeria densa Planch.) under a range Of turbid conditions. Two materials were used to create turbid beater conditions: 100% bentonite clay for a "worst-case" scenario and a natural partial-clav (20% clay). Results indicated that a high rate of diquat (2 mg ai L-1) controlled egeria under relatively low levels of turbidity (5-10 NTU) using bentonite clay: however. higher levels (25 to 50 NTU) of turbidity essentially blocked effectiveness of diquat when applied at all rates tested (0.5. 1, 2 mg ai L-1). When using a natural partial-clay sediment, rates of 1 to 2 mg ai L-1 diquat provided good control of egeria in moderately turbid water (15 NTU). Additional evaluations rising different clay types would be useful to determine the effect of inorganic turbidity oil diquat efficacy. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Poovey, AG (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 40 BP 6 EP 10 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 569RZ UT WOS:000176617200002 ER PT J AU James, WF Barko, JW Eakin, HL AF James, WF Barko, JW Eakin, HL TI Water quality impacts of mechanical shredding of aquatic macrophytes SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE nutrient recycling; plant decomposition; sediment flux; Trapa natans; water chestnut ID PHOSPHORUS; LAKE; WISCONSIN; SEDIMENTS; MOBILIZATION AB We examined the impacts of mechanical shredding (i.e.. shredding plants and leaving biomass in the system) of the water chestnut (Trapa natans) on water quality and nutrient mobilization in a control and experimental site in Lake Champlain (Vermont-New York). A 1-ha plot was mechanically shredded within 1 h on 26 July, 1999. Broken plant material was initially concentrated on the lake surface of the experimental station after shredding, and was noticeable on the lake surface for 19 d. Over a two week period after shredding. concentrations of total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and soluble reactive P increased in the lower water column of the experimental station, coinciding with decomposition of water chestnut. Sediments in the control and experimental stations exhibited vet-v low rates of N and P release and could not account for increases in nutrient concentrations in the water column after mechanical shredding. Shredded plant material deployed in mesh bags at the experimental station lost similar to 70% of their total mass, and 42%, N and 70% P within 14 d. indicating Substantial nutrient mobilization via autolysis and decomposition. Chlorophyll a concentrations increased to 35 g/L at the experimental station on day 7 after shredding, compared to a concentration of 4 g/L at the control station. suggesting uptake of mobilized nutrients by phytoplankton. Disruption Of the Surface canopy of water chestnut by shredding was associated with marked increases in turbidity and dissolved oxygen, suggesting increased mixing at the experimental site. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Waterways Expt Stn, Eau Galle Aquat Ecol Lab, Spring Valley, WI 54767 USA. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP James, WF (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Waterways Expt Stn, Eau Galle Aquat Ecol Lab, POB 237, Spring Valley, WI 54767 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 13 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 40 BP 36 EP 42 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 569RZ UT WOS:000176617200007 ER PT J AU Frattarelli, JL Levi, AJ Miller, BT AF Frattarelli, JL Levi, AJ Miller, BT TI A prospective novel method of determining ovarian size during in vitro fertilization cycles SO JOURNAL OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article DE in vitro fertilization; ovarian reserve; ovarian size; ovarian volume; transvaginal ultrasound ID TRANSVAGINAL SONOGRAPHY; NUMBER; VOLUME AB Purpose: Recently ovarian volume has been touted as a means to evaluate ovarian reserve in assisted reproductive technology cycles. In this study, a novel method of determining ovarian size was evaluated and compared to the standard three-dimensional ovarian volume measurement during in vitro fertilization (IVF). Methods: This prospective observational study consisted of 60 consecutive patients undergoing baseline transvaginal ultrasonography for IVF from July to August, 1999. The main outcome measures were mean ovarian size and mean ovarian volume. Results: The patients' ages ranged from 23 to 43 years with a mean age of 33.86 +/- 4.5 years. The mean ovarian size was 2.19 +/- 0.4 cm (range 1.40-3.40). The mean ovarian volume was 5.02 +/- 2.7 cm(3) (range 1.71-16.5 cm(3)). By linear regression there was a 90% correlation between the two methods of ovarian measurement (r = 0.90, p < 0.01). Conclusions: These results demonstrated a strong correlation between these two methods of determining ovarian size. Mean ovarian diameter measured in the largest sagittal plane is a good estimation of ovarian volume and may be used to quickly assess ovarian status prior to undergoing IVF. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Frattarelli, JL (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1058-0468 J9 J ASSIST REPROD GEN JI J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 19 IS 1 BP 39 EP 41 DI 10.1023/A:1014062723606 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 530GG UT WOS:000174349500007 PM 11893014 ER PT J AU Sabourin, CLK Danne, MM Buxton, KL Casillas, RP Schlager, JJ AF Sabourin, CLK Danne, MM Buxton, KL Casillas, RP Schlager, JJ TI Cytokine, chemokine, and matrix metalloproteinase response after sulfur mustard injury to weanling pig skin SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Operational Medical Issues in Chemical and Biological Defense CY MAY, 2001 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL DE sulfur mustard (SM); skin; inflammation; pig; gene expression; cytokine; chemokine; protease ID PERFUSED PORCINE SKIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; HISTOPATHOLOGIC FEATURES; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; EXPOSURE; MODEL; MICE; GELATINASE; IL-1-BETA; RABBIT AB Cutaneous exposure to sulfur mustard [bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide; SM] produces a delayed inflammatory skin response and severe tissue injury. Pig skin has organ similarities to human skin that is characterized by the content and types of epidermal lipids, the density of hair follicles and presence of sweat glands, which together afford penetration of topically applied compounds, complex inflammatory responses, and subsequent wound healing. The goal of this study was to identify in vivo proinflammatory biomarkers of the SM porcine skin injury within 72 h after SM challenge, using the weanling pig model. Changes in gene expression of inflammatory mediators were examined at 3, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h, using subtraction library analyses and by quantitation of selected transcripts by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Sequence analysis of subtraction libraries identified up-regulation of IL-8 at 24, 48, and 72 h. No other specific proinflammatory gene transcripts were isolated from the libraries. Specific transcript RT-PCR analysis showed increased production of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9, gelatinase B) mRNA levels in response to SM exposure. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression was only slightly increased and no change in the levels of expression was observed for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and MMP-2. This study identifies the main proinflammatory mediators involved in SM-induced skin injury in a weanling pig model. The results suggest transcriptional activity in the inflammatory response proteins IL-8, IL-6, IL-1beta, and MMP-9 and modest changes in TNF-alpha that together produce inflammation and contribute to the pathogenesis of SM dermatotoxicity. Therefore, drugs preventing SM-induced inflammation should be prime candidates for medical intervention to lessen collateral inflammation associated with tissue destruction. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sabourin, CLK (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. NR 41 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1095-6670 J9 J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC JI J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. PY 2002 VL 16 IS 6 BP 263 EP 272 DI 10.1002/jbt.10050 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 631NV UT WOS:000180174600001 PM 12481301 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Nicholson, DE Bujnicki, JM Su, XZ Brendle, JJ Ferdig, M Kyle, DE Milhous, WK Chiang, PK AF Zhang, P Nicholson, DE Bujnicki, JM Su, XZ Brendle, JJ Ferdig, M Kyle, DE Milhous, WK Chiang, PK TI Angiogenesis inhibitors specific for methionine aminopeptidase 2 as drugs for malaria and leishmaniasis SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE angiogenesis; malaria; leishmaniasis; methionine; aminopeptidase; fumagillin; TNP-470 ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FUMAGILLIN; AGM-1470; TNP-470; GROWTH; PROFILES; ANALOGS; METAP-2; MODEL AB Methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) is responsible for the hydrolysis of the initiator methionine molecule from the majority of newly synthesized proteins. We have cloned the MetAP2 gene from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (PfMetAP2; GenBank accession number AF348320). The cloned PfMetAP2 has no intron, consists of 1,544 bp and encodes a protein of 354 amino acids with a molecular mass of 40,537 D and an overall base composition of 72.54% A + T. PfMetAP2 has 40% sequence identity with human MetAP2 and 45% identity with yeast MetAP2, and is located in chromosome 14 of P. falciparum. The three-dimensional structure of Pf MetAP2 has been modeled based on the crystal structure of human MetAP2, and several amino acid side chains protruding into the binding pocket that differ between the plasmodial and human enzyme have been identified. The specific MetAP2 inhibitors, fumagillin and TNP-470, potently blocked in vitro growth of P. falciparum and Leishmania donavani, with IC50 values similar to the prototype drugs. Furthermore, in the case of P. falciparum, the chloroquine-resistant strains are equally susceptible to these two compounds. Copyright (C) 2002 National Science Council, ROC and S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Int Inst Mol & Cell Biol, Warsaw, Poland. RP Chiang, PK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Ferdig, Michael/C-6627-2016; OI Su, Xinzhuan/0000-0003-3246-3248 NR 27 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1021-7770 J9 J BIOMED SCI JI J. Biomed. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1007/BF02256576 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 515MX UT WOS:000173500600005 PM 11810023 ER PT J AU Nambiar, MP Warke, VG Fisher, CU Tsokos, GC AF Nambiar, MP Warke, VG Fisher, CU Tsokos, GC TI Effect of trichostatin A on human T cells resembles signaling abnormalities in T cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A new mechanism for TCR zeta chain deficiency and abnormal signaling SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE T lymphocytes; T cell signaling; chromatin remodeling; trichostatin; systemic lupus erythematosus ID MAMMALIAN HISTONE DEACETYLASE; RECEPTOR COMPLEX; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; GAMMA-CHAIN; LYMPHOCYTES; INHIBITION; ANTIGEN; ACTIVATION; PHOSPHORYLATION AB Trichostatin A (TSA) is a potent reversible inhibitor of histone deacetylase, and it has been reported to have variable effects on the expression of a number of genes. In this report, we show that TSA suppresses the expression of the T cell receptor zeta chain gene, whereas, it upregulates the expression if its homologous gene Fcepsilon receptor I gamma chain. These effects are associated with decreased intracytoplasmic-free calcium responses and altered tyrosine phosphorylation pattern of cytosolic proteins. Along with these effects, we report that TSA suppresses the expression of the interleukin-2 gene. The effects of TSA on human T cells are predominantly immunosuppressive and reminiscent of the signaling aberrations that have been described in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Bldg 503,Room 1A32,Robert Grant Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI42269] NR 32 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PY 2002 VL 85 IS 3 BP 459 EP 469 DI 10.1002/jcb.10160 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 547QD UT WOS:000175342500001 PM 11967985 ER PT J AU Bolan, C Oral, EA Gorden, P Taylor, S Leitman, SF AF Bolan, C Oral, EA Gorden, P Taylor, S Leitman, SF TI Intensive, long-term plasma exchange therapy for severe hypertriglyceridemia in acquired generalized lipoatrophy SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID PANCREATITIS AB We report dramatic improvement in clinical and laboratory parameters after intensive plasma exchange therapy in a 15-yr-old girl with acquired generalized lipoatrophy and refractory hypertriglyceridemia. One hundred and twenty-five procedures were performed over 720 d. Two or three plasma volumes were exchanged per procedure, using peripheral venous access and albumin as replacement solution. Regression of painful cutaneous xanthomata and reduction in massive hepatomegaly were noted within the first two procedures. Triglyceride levels started at 109 mmol/liter (9670 mg/dl) and decreased acutely by 60-85%/procedure. Lipid removal averaged 83 g/procedure and was highly correlated with preexchange lipid levels. Lipid levels rebounded to baseline values within 7 d after exchange and appeared to rebound more rapidly after larger exchanges. Maximum benefit was achieved with weekly 1.5- to 2.0-volume exchanges. No significant decrease in apolipoprotein CII levels was detected after plasma exchange regardless of the volume of exchange; however, other plasma factors regulating triglyceride synthesis or clearance may have been removed during the procedures. Plasma exchange was well tolerated, without clinical, immunological, or hormonal deterioration. These data indicate that intensive plasma exchange therapy over a protracted time may produce sustained benefit in patients with severe, symptomatic hypertriglyceridemia refractory to standard medical therapy. C1 NIDDKD, Diabet Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Warren Magnuson Clin Ctr, Dept Transfus Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Oral, EA (reprint author), NIDDKD, Diabet Branch, NIH, Bldg 10,Room 8D20,10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1770, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM elif_arioglu@nih.gov OI Oral, Elif/0000-0002-9171-1144 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 87 IS 1 BP 380 EP 384 DI 10.1210/jc.87.1.380 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 514PR UT WOS:000173450700059 PM 11788680 ER PT J AU de Bono, JS Stephenson, J Baker, SD Hidalgo, M Patnaik, A Hammond, LA Weiss, G Goetz, A Siu, L Simmons, C Jolivet, J Rowinsky, EK AF de Bono, JS Stephenson, J Baker, SD Hidalgo, M Patnaik, A Hammond, LA Weiss, G Goetz, A Siu, L Simmons, C Jolivet, J Rowinsky, EK TI Troxacitabine, an L-stereoisomeric nucleoside analog, on a five-times-daily schedule: A phase I and pharmacokinetic study in patients with advanced solid malignancies SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncologists CY MAY 13-18, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol ID L-DIOXOLANE-CYTIDINE; (-)-2'-DEOXY-3'-OXACYTIDINE BCH-4556; VIRUS-REPLICATION; RENAL-FUNCTION; ARA-C; CANCER; PREDICTION; CLEARANCE; LEUKEMIA; DOSAGE AB Purpose: To assess the feasibility of administering troxacitabine, a unique L-nucleoside that is not a substrate for deoxycytidine deaminase-mediated catabolism, as a 30-minute intravenous (IV) infusion daily for 5 days. Patients and Methods: Patients with advanced solid malignancies were treated with escalating doses of troxacitabine as a 30-minute IV infusion daily for 5 days. Plasma and urine sampling was performed to characterize the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of troxacitabine. Results: Thirty-nine patients received 124 courses of troxacitabine at eight dose levels ranging from 0.12 to 1.8 mg/m(2)/d. Severe neutropenia that was protracted (> 5 days) and/or associated with fever, and skin rashes were consistently experienced by heavily (HP) and minimally pretreated (MP) patients at doses exceeding 1.2 and 1.5 mg/m(2)/d, respectively. At troxacitabine doses greater than or equal to 1.2 mg/m(2)/d, treatment was often delayed 1 additional week for complete resolution of hematologic effects, resulting in lengthening of the treatment interval from every 3 to 4 weeks. Skin rash, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, and thrombocytopenia were also observed and were occasionally severe, particularly at the highest doses. A patient with metastatic ocular melanoma experienced a partial response. Pharmacokinetics of troxacitabine were dose-independent; mean (SD) values for the volume of distribution at steady-state and clearance (Cl-s) were 60 (32) L and 161 (33) mL/min, respectively, on day 1. After treatment on the fifth day, terminal half-life values averaged 39 (63) hours, and Cl-s was reduced by approximately 20%, averaging 127 (27) mL/min. The principal mode of drug elimination was renal. Conclusion: Recommended doses for phase II studies of troxacitabine as a 30-minute infusion daily for 5 days every 4 weeks are 1.5 and 1.2 mg/m(2)/d for MP and HP patients, respectively. Broad disease-directed evaluations of troxacitabine on this schedule and possibly less frequent schedules are warranted. (C) 2001 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. C1 Univ Texas, Inst Drug Dev, Hlth Sci Ctr, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Biochem Pharma Inc, Laval, PQ, Canada. RP Rowinsky, EK (reprint author), Univ Texas, Inst Drug Dev, Hlth Sci Ctr, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, 8122 Datapoint Dr,Ste 700, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RI HIDALGO, MANUEL/I-4995-2015 OI HIDALGO, MANUEL/0000-0002-3765-3318 NR 26 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 1 BP 96 EP 109 DI 10.1200/JCO.20.1.96 PG 14 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 510XE UT WOS:000173231900015 PM 11773159 ER PT J AU Allison, N Chang, TC Steele, KE Hilliard, JK AF Allison, N Chang, TC Steele, KE Hilliard, JK TI Fatal herpes simplex infection in a pygmy African hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ERINACEUS-EUROPAEUS AB An adult pygmy African hedgehog developed acute posterior paresis attributed to a prolapsed intervertebral disc diagnosed by C-T scan. Corticosteroid therapy resulted in prompt resolution of the ataxia, but 2 weeks later the animal became anorexic and died. Macroscopically, the liver was stippled with punctate off-white foci which were confirmed microscopically to be foci of necrosis. Numerous hepatocytes Contained intranuclear inclusions and syncytial cell formation was also present. A herpes virus was isolated and identified fluorescent antibody and polymerase chain reaction studies as herpesvirus simplex type 1. To our knowledge, this is the first report of herpes infection in the African hedgehog and the first time herpes simplex has been identified as a cause of disease in insectivores. (C) 2002 Harcourt Publishers Ltd. C1 CE Kord Anim Dis Lab, Nashville, TN 37204 USA. USA, Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Ft Detrick, MD 21402 USA. Georgia State Univ, Viral Immunol Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Allison, N (reprint author), Expt Pathol Lab Inc, POB 12766, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR05162] NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 126 IS 1 BP 76 EP 78 DI 10.1053/jcpa.2001.0518 PG 3 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 515AC UT WOS:000173472400010 PM 11814325 ER PT J AU Tzeng, JT AF Tzeng, JT TI Viscoelastic analysis of composite cylinders subjected to rotation SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB A viscoelastic analysis has been developed to investigate stress relaxation and creep in a multi-layered composite cylinder subjected to rotation. The analysis accounts for ply-by-ply variation of material properties, fiber orientations, and density gradients through the thickness of cylinders. A closed form solution based on the corresponding elastic problem is derived for a generalized plane strain state in a thick-walled multi-layered cylinder. Laplace transform is then applied to obtain the numerical solution of the viscoelastic problem. The paper illustrates the derivation of the analytical model and solution procedure. A numerical simulation shows substantial creep and stress relaxation in thick-walled cylinders at an elevated temperature. Viscoelastic effects of composite can result in a drastic change of stress and strain profiles in a cylinder over a period of time, which is critical in terms of structural durability for application such as energy storage flywheels. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, AMSRLWMMB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Tzeng, JT (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, AMSRLWMMB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2002 VL 36 IS 2 BP 229 EP 239 DI 10.1106/002199802021464 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 550MN UT WOS:000175507000008 ER PT J AU Yarlagadda, S Kim, HJ Gillespie, JW Shevchenko, NB Fink, BK AF Yarlagadda, S Kim, HJ Gillespie, JW Shevchenko, NB Fink, BK TI A study on the induction heating of conductive fiber reinforced composites SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE induction; fiber reinforced composite; joule heating; dielectric hysteresis; contact resistance ID PREDICT; MODEL AB A unified approach, considering three possible heating mechanisms: fiber (Joule losses) and fiber crossover junction (dielectric hysteresis and contact resistance), to identify dominant heating mechanisms during induction processing of conductive fiber reinforced composites is presented. Non-dimensional parameters were proposed to identify the relationships between heating mechanisms and process and material parameters. Parametric studies showed that junction heating mechanisms dominate fiber heating for the material systems considered, with the exception of relatively low contact resistance ( < 10(3) &OHM;). Results for dielectric hysteresis and low contact resistance were consistent with individual models in the literature. A design map relating the three mechanisms is presented that can help identify the dominant heating mechanism, given the properties of the composite. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Yarlagadda, S (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 BP 401 EP 421 DI 10.1106/002199802023171 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 552QE UT WOS:000175630400002 ER PT J AU Givens, ML Luszczak, M AF Givens, ML Luszczak, M TI Breast disorders: A review for emergency physicians SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE breast; breast cancer; breast trauma; mastitis; lactation ID DIAGNOSIS; LACTATION AB Breast complaints are a common reason for women to seek medical attention. While true emergencies involving the breast are rare, the fact that one out of every eight women will develop breast cancer increases the sense of urgency for patients presenting with concerns related to the breast. This article reviews the evaluation and treatment of true breast emergencies as well as less urgent but more common concerns relating to the breast such as trauma, infection, pain, discharge, postoperative problems, complications of breast cancer, and use of medications by lactating women. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Darnall Army Community Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. RP Givens, ML (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1016/S0736-4679(01)00437-1 PG 7 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 514DN UT WOS:000173423000009 PM 11809557 ER PT J AU Roberts, S West, LA Liewehr, FR Rueggeberg, FA Sharpe, DE Potter, BJ AF Roberts, S West, LA Liewehr, FR Rueggeberg, FA Sharpe, DE Potter, BJ TI Impact of dental devices on cochlear implants SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID COMPATIBILITY AB A cochlear implant (CI) converts mechanical sound energy into electrical signals that can be delivered to the cochlear nerve of profoundly deaf patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether electromagnetic interference with the CI occurs during the operation of the electric pulp tester, apex locator, electrocautery unit, electrosurgery unit, or panoramic radiograph machine. A mastoidectomy and cochleostomy were performed on a cadaver, and a CI was implanted. The dental devices were used intraorally, and the implant's circuitry was tested after each trial. A second CI was implanted in a human skull, which was then exposed to 50 panoramic radiographs, testing the implant's circuitry after each exposure. The probability of damage to the CI by any of the devices was negligible, except for the electrosurgery unit operated at level 7, which destroyed the CI's circuitry. Therefore, although the other devices seem safe, it is recommended that the electrosurgery unit not be used on a Cl patient. C1 USA, Dent Corps, Washington, DC 20310 USA. USA, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA USA. Med Coll Georgia, Sch Dent, Dept Otolaryngol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Rehabil, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Diag, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. RP Liewehr, FR (reprint author), USA, Dent Activ, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 28 IS 1 BP 40 EP 43 DI 10.1097/00004770-200201000-00010 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 507LR UT WOS:000173030400010 PM 11806648 ER PT J AU Arcone, SA AF Arcone, SA TI Airborne-radar stratigraphy and electrical structure of temperate firn: Bagley Ice Field, Alaska, USA SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; BERING GLACIER; MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; HIGH-RESOLUTION; WATER-FLOW; SNOW; SURGE; HISTORY; ANTARCTICA AB Helicopter-borne 135 MHz short-pulse radar profiles of the Bagley Ice Field, southern Alaska, U.S.A., have been analyzed to determine the nature of radio-wave propagation through crevassed, stratified, wet and draining firn. Diffractions characterize the firn horizons along the trunk, and reflections characterize those of overlying snowfields. Dynamic stacking was used to form and determine firn depths, and unstacked diffraction analysis to determine Firn-layer properties. Refractive indices range from 4.1 to 4.5 for the near-surface, from 1.7 to 2.1 at about 13-17 in depth along the main trunk, and to 2.6 to 58 in depth within a snowfield. Average trunk values correspond with volumetric water contents of about 0.09, which agree with values measured for other glaciers. The analysis of the airborne-recorded diffractions is confirmed by deriving the approximate refractive index of water from a supraglacial lake-bottom diffraction. The lack of snowfield diffractions suggests that crevassing and not firn structure caused the trunk diffractions. The reasonable values of the indices imply that the diffractions originated from single points or edges orthogonal to the profile transect, and they predict low interlayer transmission losses. The snowfield penetration suggests that several hundred meters might be penetrated in uncrevassed accumulation zones with improved system design. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Arcone, SA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM steve.a.arcone@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 57 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2002 VL 48 IS 161 BP 317 EP 334 DI 10.3189/172756502781831412 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 627PP UT WOS:000179941700015 ER PT J AU Li, SS Sturm, M AF Li, SS Sturm, M TI Patterns of wind-drifted snow on the Alaskan arctic slope, detected with ERS-1 interferometric SAR SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; EARTHS SURFACE; SEASONAL SNOW; RIVER; DEFORMATION; TOPOGRAPHY; TRANSPORT; DENSITY; COVER; MODEL AB We tested whether spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) could be used to reveal patterns of redistribution of wind-drifted snow in arctic Alaska. Based on a simple geometric model, we found that lateral variations in new-snow (assuming a density of 0.3 g cm(-3)) accumulation of > 11 cm, or redistribution of the existing snow into dunes of half this height, could produce decorrelation of C-band interferograms. Comparison of interferograms with field observations for two periods from winter 1993/94, one with wind but little new snow, and the second with wind and new snow, indicates the interferograms delineated areas where the snow depth had changed due to drifting. Striking patterns of windward scouring and leeward deposition were revealed. The interferograms also showed that during one high-wind event, conspicuous interferometric bands a few kilometers wide and 30 km long were formed downwind of a mountain ridge. We speculate that these bands were caused by large-scale alterations in the concentrations of moving snow particles, a finding consistent with ground observations of alternating bands of clear air and blizzard for the same area and similar to phenomena observed with the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer and the Geodetic Earth Observing Satellite during blizzards in North Dakota and Iowa, U.S.A. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. RP Li, SS (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2002 VL 48 IS 163 BP 495 EP 504 DI 10.3189/172756502781831151 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 692AL UT WOS:000183638100002 ER PT J AU Holtschlag, DJ Koschik, JA AF Holtschlag, DJ Koschik, JA TI Flow distribution in selected branches of St. Clair and Detroit rivers SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE connecting channel; discharge; ADCP; regression; Monte Carlo; St. Clair River; Detroit River AB St. Clair and Detroit rivers, which are connecting channels between Lake Huron and Lake Erie in the Great Lakes basin, form part of the boundary between the state of Michigan and the province of Ontario. In 13 reaches, this flow divides locally around islands and dikes to form 31 branches. This study develops a set of simple linear regression equations for computing expected flow proportions in branches, generally as a function of the total flow within the reach. The equations are based on 533 acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements of flow obtained between 1996 and 2000. Root-mean-square errors of these regressions range from 0.00323 to 0.0895. In seven upstream reaches where flow is known because of flow specifications at the boundaries of the waterway and continuity constraints, the uncertainties of the flow proportions can be used to directly infer the uncertainties of the corresponding flows. In six downstream reaches, the uncertainties of flows are determined by both the uncertainties of the flow proportions and the uncertainties of the total flow in the reach. For these reaches, Monte Carlo simulations quantify the ratios of total uncertainty to flow proportion uncertainty, which range from 1.0026 to 13.984. To facilitate routine calculation, polynomial regression equations are developed to approximate these ratios as a function of flow. Results provide a mechanism for computing the magnitudes and uncertainties of steady-state flows within selected branches of the connecting channels by specifying inflows at the headwaters of St. Clair River, seven intervening tributaries, and Lake St. Clair. C1 US Geol Survey, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Detroit Dist, Detroit, MI 48226 USA. RP Holtschlag, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6520 Mercantile Way,Suite 5, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 3 BP 379 EP 395 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 597ZM UT WOS:000178250700007 ER PT J AU Lofgren, BM Quinn, FH Clites, AH Assel, RA Eberhardt, AJ Luukkonen, CL AF Lofgren, BM Quinn, FH Clites, AH Assel, RA Eberhardt, AJ Luukkonen, CL TI Evaluation of potential impacts on Great Lakes water resources based on climate scenarios of two GCMs SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE climate change; water resources; lake levels; ice cover; model ID GREENHOUSE-GAS; CHANGE SIMULATION; MODEL AB The results of general circulation model predictions of the effects of climate change from the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis (model CGCM1) and the United Kingdom Meteorological Office's Hadley Centre (model HadCM2) have been used to derive potential impacts on the water resources of the Great Lakes basin. These impacts can influence the levels of the Great Lakes and the volumes of channel flow among them, thus affecting their value for interests such as riparians, shippers, recreational boaters, and natural ecosystems. On one hand, a hydrological modeling suite using input data from the CGCM1 predicts large drops in lake levels, up to a maximum of 1.38 m on Lakes Michigan and Huron by 2090. This is due to a combination of a decrease in precipitation and an increase in air temperature that leads to an increase in evaporation. On the other hand, using input from HadCM2, rises in lake levels are predicted, up to a maximum of 0.35 m on Lakes Michigan and Huron by 2090, due to increased precipitation and a reduced increase in air temperature. An interest satisfaction model shows sharp decreases in the satisfaction of the interests of commercial navigation, recreational boating, riparians, and hydropower due to lake level decreases. Most interest satisfaction scores are also reduced by lake level increases. Drastic reductions in ice cover also result from the temperature increases such that under the CGCM1 predictions, most of Lake Erie has 96% of its winters ice-free by 2090. Assessment is also made of impacts on the groundwater-dependent region of Lansing, Michigan. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. USA Corps Engineers, Orchard Pk, NY 14127 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. RP Lofgren, BM (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. OI Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914 NR 37 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 39 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 4 BP 537 EP 554 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 635QV UT WOS:000180411100005 ER PT J AU Merkle, JF AF Merkle, JF TI Computer simulation: A methodology to improve the efficiency in the Brooke Army Medical Center Family Care Clinic SO JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Merkle, JF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER COLL HEALTHCARE EXEC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION PRESS PI CHICAGO PA ONE NORTH FRANKLIN ST SUITE 1700, CHICAGO, IL 60606 USA SN 1096-9012 J9 J HEALTHC MANAG JI J. Healthc. Manag. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 47 IS 1 BP 58 EP 67 PG 10 WC Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 513BZ UT WOS:000173359200011 PM 11836966 ER PT J AU Berger, RC Howington, SE AF Berger, RC Howington, SE TI Discrete fluxes and mass balance in finite elements SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE finite elements; mass; hydraulic engineering; computation ID MODELS AB Significant mass balance "errors" have been reported with finite-element techniques, leading to sweeping statements that "Finite elements do not conserve mass locally." These reports of mass balance "error" emerge when mass flux estimates are based upon post-processing of the approximated solution variables. Fluxes computed in this way appear to be nonphysical. For example, even under steady-state conditions, the flux entering and leaving a closed region may appear unequal. This has serious consequences for a typical model application that might require the estimation of flow division in a branching stream, or details about the effects of sources or sinks. In this paper, we show that by remaining consistent with the discrete approximation given by the finite-element statement, the resulting flux estimates will preserve mass balance. As a consequence, it can be shown that general finite-element approaches for hydraulic engineering do, indeed, conserve mass locally, as well as globally. These locally conservative, "consistent" flux estimates are computed for time-dependent mass conservation in one and three dimensions. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Berger, RC (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2002 VL 128 IS 1 BP 87 EP 92 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2002)128:1(87) PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 513FF UT WOS:000173366700009 ER PT J AU Briggs, M Ye, W Demirbilek, Z Zhang, J AF Briggs, M Ye, W Demirbilek, Z Zhang, J TI Field and numerical comparisons of the RIBS floating breakwater SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB A new concept in floating breakwaters was successfully field-tested offshore Cape Canaveral, FL in May 1999. The Rapidly Installed Breakwater System (RIBS) has a hybrid design of rigid and membrane components, similar to a 'Venetian blind,' to permit rapid and expedient deployment. The objective of the RIBS is to reduce Sea State 3 (SS3) wave conditions to Sea State 2 for safe vessel operations. This field study was probably one of the most heavily instrumented floating breakwaters ever deployed. Measured wave transmission coefficients and dynamic wave pressures are compared to two different numerical models. This is the first verification of the numerical model WAMIT with field data. C1 USA, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Amer Bur Shipping, Offshore Engn Dept, Houston, TX 77060 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coastal & Ocean Engn Div, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Briggs, M (reprint author), USA, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSN HYDRAULIC RESEARCH PI MADRID PA PASEO BAJO VIRGEN DEL PUERTO, 3, 28005 MADRID, SPAIN SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3 BP 289 EP 301 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 582KT UT WOS:000177350300007 ER PT J AU Kiang, JG Marotta, D Wirkus, M Wirkus, M Jonas, WB AF Kiang, JG Marotta, D Wirkus, M Wirkus, M Jonas, WB TI External bioenergy increases intracellular free calcium concentration and reduces cellular response to heat stress SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE lymphoid cells; intracellular calcium; intracellular signal; heat stress; bioenergy ID EPIDERMOID A-431 CELLS; PROTEIN 72 KDA; HSP-72 SYNTHESIS; (I); SHOCK; CAMP AB Background: External bioenergy (energy emitted from the body) can influence a variety of biological activities. It has been shown to enhance immunity, promote normal cell proliferation, increase tumor cell death, and accelerate bone fracture recovery. In this study, we investigated whether external bioenergy could alter intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+](i), an important factor in signal transduction) and regulate the cellular response to heat stress in cultured human lymphoid Jurkat T cells. Methods: A practitioner emitted bioenergy toward tubes of cultured Jurkat cells for one 15-minute period. [Ca2+](i) was measured spectrofluorometrically using the fluorescent probe indo-1. The heat shock protein 72 kd was detected using S-35-methionine prepulse and Western blot analysis. Results: The resting [Ca2+](i) in jurkat T cells was 90 3 nM in the presence of external calcium. The removal of external calcium decreased the resting [Ca-2+](i) to 54 2 nM, indicating that Ca2+ entry from the external source is important for maintaining the basal level of [Ca2+]i. In the presence of external Ca2+, treatment of Jurkat T cells with external bioenergy for 15 minutes increased [Ca2+](i) by 22 +/- 3%. [Ca2+](i) remained elevated in these cells for 2 hours. Surprisingly, we also observed that [Ca2+](i) increased by 11 +/- 1% if cells were simply placed in the area where external bioenergy had been used. This lingering effect of external bioenergy dissipated within 24 hours. Treatment with external bioenergy reduced cellular responses to heat stress and did not induce the production of heat shock protein 72 kd, which is known to provide cytoprotection. Conclusions: These results suggest that externally applied bioenergy can upregulate [Ca2+](i) and downregulate the cellular response to stress. The association between the external bioenergy and increases in [Ca2+](i) may be a good index for detecting presence of bioenergy. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Bio Relax Mietek Wirkus & Associates, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Samueli Inst Informat Biol, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Kiang, JG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Room 1N07, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 38 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 50 IS 1 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.2310/6650.2002.33516 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 513LQ UT WOS:000173380400011 PM 11813827 ER PT J AU Szebeni, J Baranyi, L Savay, S Milosevits, J Bunger, R Laverman, P Metselaar, JM Storm, G Chanan-Khan, A Liebes, L Muggia, FM Cohen, R Barenholz, Y Alving, CR AF Szebeni, J Baranyi, L Savay, S Milosevits, J Bunger, R Laverman, P Metselaar, JM Storm, G Chanan-Khan, A Liebes, L Muggia, FM Cohen, R Barenholz, Y Alving, CR TI Role of complement activation in hypersensitivity reactions to doxil and HYNICPEG liposomes: Experimental and clinical studies SO JOURNAL OF LIPOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Liposome Advances CY DEC 17-21, 2001 CL UNIV LONDON, SCH PHARMACY, LONDON, ENGLAND HO UNIV LONDON, SCH PHARMACY ID PHASE-I; DOXORUBICIN; CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER AB Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil) and Tc-99m-HYNIC PEG liposomes (HPL) were reported earlier to cause hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) in a substantial percentage of patients treated i.v. with these formulations. Here we report that (1) Doxil, HPL, pegylated phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE)-containing empty liposomes matched with Doxil and HPL in size and lipid composition, and phosphatidylglycerol (PG)-containing negatively charged vesicles were potent C activators in human serum in vitro, whereas small neutral liposomes caused no C activation. (2) Doxil and other size-matched PEG-PE and/or PG-containing liposomes also caused massive cardiopulmonary distress with anaphylactoid shock in pigs via C activation, whereas equivalent neutral liposomes caused no hemodynamic changes. (3) A clinical study showed more frequent and greater C activation in patients displaying HSR than in non-reactive patients. These data suggest that liposome-induced HSRs in susceptible individuals may be due to C activation, which, in turn, is due to the presence of negatively charged PEG-PE in these vesicles. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anatomy Physiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Nijmegen, Ctr Med, Dept Nucl Med, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Utrecth Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands. NYU, Ctr Med, Kaplan Comprehens Canc Ctr, New York, NY USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Med Sch, Lab Membrane & Liposome Res, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Szebeni, J (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RI Laverman, P./L-4476-2015; Storm, Gert/O-8696-2016 NR 18 TC 105 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0898-2104 J9 J LIPOSOME RES JI J. Liposome Res. PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1-2 BP 165 EP 172 DI 10.1081/LPR-120004790 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 582NA UT WOS:000177357000021 PM 12604051 ER PT J AU Kennedy, A Hmel, PJ Seelbaugh, J Quiles, JG Hicks, R Reid, TJ AF Kennedy, A Hmel, PJ Seelbaugh, J Quiles, JG Hicks, R Reid, TJ TI Characterization of the main phase transition in 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine LUVs by (HNMR)-H-1 SO JOURNAL OF LIPOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE NMR; membrane; phase transition ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; LARGE UNILAMELLAR VESICLES; PHOSPHOLIPID PACKING; SURFACE CURVATURE; BILAYER VESICLES; GEL PHASE; DIPALMITOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES; MIXTURES AB The main phase transition (Tm) of 100 nm large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) of 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) was investigated using H-1 NMR (proton magnetic resonance) in deuterium oxide, and both DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and IR (infrared) spectroscopy in water and deuterium oxide. The ability of H-1 NMR to determine Tm was demonstrated and the values obtained were in general agreement with those observed with DSC and IR. However, the temperature range of the transition observed by NMR was significantly broader than that observed with either DSC or IR. The effect of deuterium oxide on Tm was studied by comparing results obtained in water and deuterium oxide with DSC and IR. The results showed no significant difference in Tm or temperature range of transition determined in these solvents. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Div Mil Casualty Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Med Chem, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kennedy, A (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Div Mil Casualty Res, Bldg 503, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. OI Kennedy, Anthony/0000-0002-0908-3020 NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0898-2104 J9 J LIPOSOME RES JI J. Liposome Res. PY 2002 VL 12 IS 3 BP 221 EP 237 DI 10.1081/LPR-120014759 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 622GT UT WOS:000179639200002 PM 12604028 ER PT J AU Bhatt, RT Hull, DR Eldridge, JI Babuder, R AF Bhatt, RT Hull, DR Eldridge, JI Babuder, R TI Effects of interface coating and nitride enhancing additive on properties of Hi-Nicalon SiC Fiber reinforced reaction-bonded silicon nitride composites SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION AB Strong and tough Hi-Nicalon SiC fiber reinforced reaction-bonded silicon nitride matrix composites (SiC/RBSN) have been fabricated by the fiber lay-up approach. Commercially available uncoated and PBN, PBN/Si-rich PBN, and BN/SiC coated SiC Hi-Nicalon fiber tows were used as reinforcement. The composites contained similar to 24 vol% of aligned 14 mum diameter SiC fibers in a porous RBSN matrix. Both one- and two-dimensional composites were characterized. The effects of interface coating composition, and the nitridation enhancing additive, NiO, on the room temperature physical, tensile, and interfacial shear strength properties of SiC/RBSN matrix composites were evaluated. Results indicate that for all three coated fibers, the thickness of the coatings decreased from the outer periphery to the interior of the tows, and that from 10 to 30 percent of the fibers were not covered with the interface coating. In the uncoated regions, chemical reaction between the NiO additive and the SiC fiber occurs causing degradation of tensile properties of the composites. Among the three interface coating combinations investigated, the BN/SiC coated Hi-Nicalon SiC fiber reinforced RBSN matrix composite showed the least amount of uncoated regions and reasonably uniform interface coating thickness. The matrix cracking stress in SiC/RBSN composites was predicted using a fracture mechanics based crack bridging model. (C) 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 USA, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Bhatt, RT (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 37 IS 1 BP 141 EP 150 DI 10.1023/A:1013118514195 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 500XT UT WOS:000172654500016 ER PT J AU Turell, MJ Spring, AR Miller, MK Cannon, CE AF Turell, MJ Spring, AR Miller, MK Cannon, CE TI Effect of holding conditions on the detection of west nile viral RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction from mosquito (Diptera : Culicidae) pools SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; Culex pipiens; detection; surveillance ID VIRUS AB We evaluated the effect of holding temperature and time between mosquito death and processing mosquito pools for virus detection on our ability to detect West Nile (WN) viral RNA from pools of mosquitoes by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Pools of 24 uninfected Culex pipiens L. mosquitoes were "spiked" with either a single Cx. pipiens that had been inoculated previously with WN virus or with an uninfected mosquito. These pools were held dry at 20,4, -20, or - 70degreesC for selected time intervals before all mosquito pools were triturated in TRIzol(R)LS reagent and processed for detection of WN viral RNA. While infectious virus virtually disappeared from pools maintained at 20degreesC by 48 h after mosquito death, neither holding temperature (20 to -70degreesC) nor holding period (up to 2 wk) affected detection of WN viral RNA by real-time RT-PCR. These findings suggest that we need not keep mosquitoes chilled to be able to detect WN viral RNA effectively by RT-PCR. This should enhance the feasibility of field-based WN virus surveillance programs where only detection of WN viral RNA is the objective and maintenance of a cold chain may not be possible. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Turell, MJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 3 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 39 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-39.1.1 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 600BW UT WOS:000178371600001 PM 11931239 ER PT J AU Dohm, DJ O'Guinn, ML Turell, MJ AF Dohm, DJ O'Guinn, ML Turell, MJ TI Effect of environmental temperature on the ability of Culex pipiens (Diptera : Culicidae) to transmit West Nile virus SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; Culex pipiens; environmental temperature ID VALLEY FEVER VIRUS; VECTOR COMPETENCE; EXTRINSIC INCUBATION; AEDES-AEGYPTI; MOSQUITOS; TAENIORHYNCHUS; REPLICATION; INFECTION; ROMANIA AB Environmental temperature can affect the ability of mosquitoes to transmit an arbovirus. However, results of various studies indicate that these effects are not consistent among viruses or mosquito species, and there is no information available on the effect of environmental temperature on the ability of North American mosquito species to transmit West Nile (WN) virus. We evaluated the effect of incubation temperature (18, 20, 26, or 30degreesC) on the ability of Culex pipiens L. derived from specimens collected during the outbreak in New York in 1999 to transmit a strain of WN virus obtained from a crow that died during this outbreak. Although mosquitoes fed on the same viremic chickens, infection rates were directly related to subsequent incubation temperatures. In mosquitoes held at 30degreesC, virus was recovered from nearly all mosquitoes tested, disseminated infections were detected as early as 4 d after the infectious blood meal, and >90% of all mosquitoes had a disseminated infection 12 or more days after the infectious blood meal. In contrast, for mosquitoes held at 18degreesC, disseminated infections were not detected until 25 d after the infectious blood meal, and even after 28 d, <30% contained a disseminated infection. Results for mosquitoes held at 20 and 26degreesC were intermediate for both infection and dissemination rates. The effect of environmental temperature should to be considered when evaluating the vector competence of these mosquitoes and modeling risk of WN virus transmission in nature. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Dept Vector Assessment, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Dohm, DJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Dept Vector Assessment, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 28 TC 131 Z9 139 U1 4 U2 28 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 39 IS 1 BP 221 EP 225 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-39.1.221 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 600BW UT WOS:000178371600034 PM 11931261 ER EF