FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Parker, J Sinaii, N Segars, J Godoy, H Winkel, C Stratton, P AF Parker, Jason Sinaii, Ninet Segars, James Godoy, Heidi Winkel, Craig Stratton, Pamela TI Dissecting and temporarily resuspending the adherent ovary - Reply SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Letter ID LAPAROSCOPIC EXCISION; ENDOMETRIOSIS C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD USA. NICHHD, Reprod Biol & Med Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Parker, J (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 86 IS 3 BP 772 EP 773 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.1465 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 091AN UT WOS:000240998000061 ER PT J AU Browne, HN Robinson, N Sherry, R Stratton, P AF Browne, H. N. Robinson, N. Sherry, R. Stratton, P. TI Obturator hernia presenting as a cause of recurrent pain in a patient with previously diagnosed endometriosis. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 21-25, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Reprod Med C1 NIH, Combined Fed Fellowship Reprod Endocrinol & Infer, Bethesda, MD USA. NIH, NICHD, Reprod Biol & Med Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Ob Gyn, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 86 SU 2 BP S303 EP S303 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.812 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 091OP UT WOS:000241038501219 ER PT J AU Feinberg, EC Gustofson, RL Levens, ED Larsen, FW Decherney, AH AF Feinberg, E. C. Gustofson, R. L. Levens, E. D. Larsen, F. W. Decherney, A. H. TI Pre-cycle screening with saline sonography minimizes cycle cancellation due to endometrial polyps. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 21-25, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Reprod Med C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, ART Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NICHD, Reprod Biol & Med Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 86 SU 2 BP S151 EP S151 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.404 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 091OP UT WOS:000241038500356 ER PT J AU Feinberg, EC Larsen, FW Wah, RM Alvero, RJ Armstrong, AY AF Feinberg, E. C. Larsen, F. W. Wah, R. M. Alvero, R. J. Armstrong, A. Y. TI Economics cannot always explain minority underutilization of assisted reproductive technologies. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 21-25, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Reprod Med C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, ART Program, Washington, DC USA. NIH, NICHD, Reprod Biol & Med Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Reprod Endocrinol & Infertil, Washington, DC USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 86 SU 2 BP S35 EP S35 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.097 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 091OP UT WOS:000241038500083 ER PT J AU Frattarelli, JL Miller, KL AF Frattarelli, J. L. Miller, K. L. TI The pre-cycle blind mock transfer is an inaccurate predictor of anticipated embryo transfer depth. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 21-25, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Reprod Med C1 Reprod Med Associates New Jersey, Somerset, NJ USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 86 SU 2 BP S184 EP S184 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.487 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 091OP UT WOS:000241038500438 ER PT J AU Frattarelli, JL McWilliams, GD AF Frattarelli, J. L. McWilliams, G. D. TI Changes in measured endometrial thickness predict in vitro fertilization success. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 21-25, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Reprod Med C1 Reprod Med Associates New Jersey, Somerset, NJ USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 86 SU 2 BP S139 EP S139 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.373 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 091OP UT WOS:000241038500326 ER PT J AU Frattarelli, JL Hill, M Hashiro, G Uyehara, CF AF Frattarelli, J. L. Hill, M. Hashiro, G. Uyehara, C. F. TI The utility of serum leptin and follicular fluid leptin, estradiol, and progesterone concentrations in infertility patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 21-25, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Reprod Med C1 Reprod Med Associates New Jersey, Somerset, NJ USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RI Hill, Micah/A-6777-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 86 SU 2 BP S138 EP S139 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.372 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 091OP UT WOS:000241038500325 ER PT J AU Henne, MB AF Henne, M. B. TI How does competition among infertility clinics impact treatment patterns? SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 21-25, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Reprod Med C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 86 SU 2 BP S108 EP S108 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.290 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 091OP UT WOS:000241038500253 ER PT J AU Henne, MB Krieg, SS Westphal, LM AF Henne, M. B. Krieg, S. S. Westphal, L. M. TI Obstetric outcomes in donor oocyte pregnancies compared to autologous IVF pregnancies with advanced maternal age. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 21-25, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Reprod Med C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 86 SU 2 BP S67 EP S67 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.183 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 091OP UT WOS:000241038500158 ER PT J AU Levens, ED Gustofson, RL Feinberg, EC Larsen, FW AF Levens, E. D. Gustofson, R. L. Feinberg, E. C. Larsen, F. W. TI The ultrasonographic endometrial thickness and pattern of patients with fibroids is not significantly different than controls at the time of hCG administration in art cycles. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 21-25, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Reprod Med C1 NICHD, Reprod Biol & Med Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, ART Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, ART Program, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 86 SU 2 BP S344 EP S345 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.936 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 091OP UT WOS:000241038501330 ER PT J AU Levens, ED Gustofson, RL Hennessy, S James, AN Wiemer, KE Larsen, FW AF Levens, E. D. Gustofson, R. L. Hennessy, S. James, A. N. Wiemer, K. E. Larsen, F. W. TI Implantation rate and pregnancy outcomes are significantly improved in cryopreserved blastocyst transfers when frozen at day 5 compared to day 6. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 21-25, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Reprod Med C1 NIH, NICHD, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Reprod Biol & Med Branch ART Program, Bethesda, MD USA. ART Inst Washington Inc, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, ART Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 86 SU 2 BP S256 EP S257 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.682 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 091OP UT WOS:000241038501096 ER PT J AU Lucidi, RS Berria, R Witz, CA Easton, CA Defronzo, RA Brzyski, RG AF Lucidi, R. S. Berria, R. Witz, C. A. Easton, C. A. Defronzo, R. A. Brzyski, R. G. TI Effect of pioglitazone on ovulation and hormonal parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 21-25, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Reprod Med C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Metrohlth Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. Univ Texas HSC, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 86 SU 2 BP S452 EP S453 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.1249 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 091OP UT WOS:000241038502126 ER PT J AU Parker, JD AF Parker, J. D. TI The prevalence of endometrial polyps as diagnosed by saline-sonography among different sub-groups of infertility. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 21-25, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Reprod Med C1 Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 86 SU 2 BP S330 EP S330 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.896 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 091OP UT WOS:000241038501293 ER PT J AU Robinson, N Feinberg, EC Gustofson, RL Neithardt, AB McKeeby, JL Segars, J AF Robinson, N. Feinberg, E. C. Gustofson, R. L. Neithardt, A. B. McKeeby, J. L. Segars, J., Jr. TI The 'afterload' method of embryo transfer reduces the incidence of retained embryos following embryo transfer and may be superior to the direct insertion method of embryo transfer. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 21-25, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Reprod Med C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NIH, NICHD, Reprod Biol & Med Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, ART Program, Washington, DC USA. Shady Grove Fertil Reprod Sci Ctr, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 86 SU 2 BP S253 EP S254 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.673 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 091OP UT WOS:000241038501089 ER PT J AU Stegmann, BJ Henne, MB Neithardt, AB Catherino, WH Kao, TC Segars, JH AF Stegmann, B. J. Henne, M. B. Neithardt, A. B. Catherino, W. H. Kao, T. C. Segars, J. H. TI Cost analysis of a successful art cycle in women with an elevated day 3 FSH. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 21-25, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Reprod Med C1 NIH, NICHD, Reprod Biol & Med Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, ART Program, Washington, DC USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 86 SU 2 BP S35 EP S36 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.098 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 091OP UT WOS:000241038500084 ER PT J AU Wittenberger, MD Larsen, FW Segars, JH AF Wittenberger, M. D. Larsen, F. W. Segars, J. H. TI Response to superovulation does not predict pre-term delivery in pregnancies resulting from ART SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 21-25, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Reprod Med C1 NIH, NICHD, Reprod Biol & Med Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, ART Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 86 SU 2 BP S112 EP S113 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.301 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 091OP UT WOS:000241038500263 ER PT J AU Berkowitz, MJ Wohlrab, KP Freccero, DM Kim, DH AF Berkowitz, Mark J. Wohlrab, Kurt P. Freccero, David M. Kim, David H. TI Internal rotation of the proximal fibular fragment producing symptomatic tibiotibular impingement after an SER-II ankle fracture: A case report SO FOOT & ANKLE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CT EVALUATION; SUPINATION; PRONATION; POSITION C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Denver, CO USA. RP Berkowitz, MJ (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM mark.j.berkowitz@us.army.mil NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC FOOT & ANKLE SOC, INC PI SEATTLE PA 2517 EASTLAKE AVE EAST, STE 200, SEATTLE, WA 98102 USA SN 1071-1007 J9 FOOT ANKLE INT JI Foot Ankle Int. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 9 BP 738 EP 741 PG 4 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 083BV UT WOS:000240431800016 PM 17038288 ER PT J AU Frizzell, E Darwin, P AF Frizzell, Eric Darwin, Peter TI Endoscopic placement of jejunal feeding tubes by using the Resolution clip: report of 2 cases SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ACUTE-PANCREATITIS C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Frizzell, E (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 64 IS 3 BP 454 EP 456 DI 10.1016/j.gie.2006.02.051 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 081GC UT WOS:000240304200032 PM 16923504 ER PT J AU Hestholm, S Ketcham, S Greenfield, R Moran, M McMechan, G AF Hestholm, Stig Ketcham, Stephen Greenfield, Roy Moran, Mark McMechan, George TI Quick and accurate Q parameterization in viscoelastic wave modeling SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PROPAGATION SIMULATION; SIMPLEX-METHOD AB We introduce a procedure for including the attenuation factor Q in a consistent manner in seismic modeling and show 3D examples. The Q fitting over a chosen frequency band involves two algorithms: The first creates starting values of relaxation times, and the second does nonlinear inversion using the results of the first as initial values. The resulting Q function gives a good approximation to a constant Q over the chosen frequency band. The algorithm is combined with a finite-difference (F-D) code that includes topographies in 3D seismic media. The velocity-stress formulation for viscoelastic wave modeling is used with an arbitrary number of relaxation mechanisms to model a desired Q behavior. These equations are discretized by high-order F-Ds in the interior of the medium, and we gradually reduce the F-D order to two at the stress-free surface, where we implement our free-surface boundary conditions. The seismic F-D algorithm is applied to a marine seismic experiment, with and without viscoelasticity, to emphasize the importance of including physical attenuation and dispersion in seismic modeling. Their inclusion, even for marine surveys, is clearly important for lossy ocean bottoms. Our procedure for more accurate modeling of physical dispersion and attenuation may increase future motivation to include viscoelasticity in seismic inversion. C1 Univ Texas, Ctr Lithospher Studies, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Lithospher Studies, Dept Geosci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Hestholm, S (reprint author), Shell Bellaire Technol Ctr, POB 481, Houston, TX 77001 USA. EM stig@geo.uib.no; stephen.a.ketcham@erdc.usace.army.mil; roy@geosc.psu.edu; mark.l.moran@erdc.usace.army.mil; mcmec@utdallas.edu NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 71 IS 5 BP T147 EP T150 DI 10.1190/1.2329864 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 091PB UT WOS:000241039700050 ER PT J AU Groffman, PM Hardy, JP Driscoll, CT Fahey, TJ AF Groffman, Peter M. Hardy, Janet P. Driscoll, Charles T. Fahey, Timothy J. TI Snow depth, soil freezing, and fluxes of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane in a northern hardwood forest SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; methane; nitrogen; nitrous oxide; northern hardwood forest; snow; soil freezing; winter climate change ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; GREENHOUSE GASES; TAIGA SOILS; NEW-ENGLAND; DYNAMICS; EMISSIONS; THAW AB Soil-atmosphere fluxes of trace gases (especially nitrous oxide (N2O)) can be significant during winter and at snowmelt. We investigated the effects of decreases in snow cover on soil freezing and trace gas fluxes at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, a northern hardwood forest in New Hampshire, USA. We manipulated snow depth by shoveling to induce soil freezing, and measured fluxes of N2O, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in field chambers monthly (bi-weekly at snowmelt) in stands dominated by sugar maple or yellow birch. The snow manipulation and measurements were carried out in two winters (1997/1998 and 1998/1999) and measurements continued through 2000. Fluxes of CO2 and CH4 showed a strong seasonal pattern, with low rates in winter, but N2O fluxes did not show strong seasonal variation. The snow manipulation induced soil freezing, increased N2O flux and decreased CH4 uptake in both treatment years, especially during winter. Annual N2O fluxes in sugar maple treatment plots were 207 and 99 mg N m(-2)yr(-1) in 1998 and 1999 vs. 105 and 42 in reference plots. Tree species had no effect on N2O orCO(2) fluxes, but CH4 uptake was higher in plots dominated by yellow birch than in plots dominated by sugar maple. Our results suggest that winter fluxes of N2O are important and that winter climate change that decreases snow cover will increase soil: atmosphere N2O fluxes from northern hardwood forests. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Groffman, PM (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. EM groffmanp@ecostudies.org RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014 NR 70 TC 121 Z9 142 U1 14 U2 100 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1748 EP 1760 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01194.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 077CM UT WOS:000240005300015 ER PT J AU Bell, J Brady, MF Young, RC Lage, J Walker, JL Look, KY Rose, GS Spirtos, NM AF Bell, Jeffrey Brady, Mark F. Young, Robert C. Lage, Janice Walker, Joan L. Look, Katherine Y. Rose, G. Scott Spirtos, Nick M. TI Randomized phase III trial of three versus six cycles of adjuvant carboplatin and paclitaxel in early stage epithelial ovarian carcinoma: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adjuvant chemotherapy; early stage EOC; recurrence rate; carboplatin; paclitaxel ID COMPARING CISPLATIN; NEOPLASM TRIAL; CANCER; CHEMOTHERAPY; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; IMPACT; P-32 AB Objective. Compared to 3 cycles, to determine if 6 cycles of adjuvant carboplatin (C) and paclitaxel (P) significantly lower the rate of recurrence in surgically staged patients with stage IA grade 3, 113 grade 3, clear cell, IC, and completely resected stage 11 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC); and to compare toxicities. Methods. Postoperatively, randomization was to either 3 or 6 cycles of chemotherapy consisting of P (175 mg/m(2) over 3 h) and C (7.5 AUC over 30 min) every 21 days. Recurrence was any clinical or radiological evidence of new tumor. Results. Of 457 patients, 427 (93%) were histologically and medically eligible. While thorough surgical staging was required, it was incomplete or inadequately documented in 29% of otherwise eligible patients. Median age was 55.5 years; 69% of patients had stage I disease. Median follow-up is 6.8 years for 344 women alive at last contact. Grade 3 or 4 neurotoxicity occurred in 4/211 (2%) and 24/212 (11%) treated patients on the 3- and 6-cycle regimens, respectively (p < 0.01); 6 cycles also caused significantly more severe anemia and granulocytopenia. The recurrence rate for 6 cycles was 24% lower (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.761; 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 0.51-1.13, p=0.18), and the estimated probability of recurrence within 5 years was 20.1% (6 cycles) versus 25.4% (3 cycles). The overall death rate was similar for these regimens (FIR: 1.02; 95% Cl: 0.662-1.57). Conclusions. Compared to 3 cycles, 6 cycles of C and P do not significantly alter the recurrence rate in high risk early stage EOC but are associated with more toxicity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Riverside Methodist Hosp, Columbus Canc Council, Div Gynecol Oncol, Columbus, OH 43214 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43214 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Gynecol Oncol Grp Stat, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Ctr Data, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Univ Oklahoma Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Gynecol Oncol Sect, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Nevada, Sch Med, Div Gynecol Oncol, Las Vegas, NV 89102 USA. Womens Canc Ctr Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89102 USA. RP Bell, J (reprint author), Riverside Methodist Hosp, Columbus Canc Council, Div Gynecol Oncol, 500 Thomas Lane,Suite 3B, Columbus, OH 43214 USA. EM bellj2@yahoo.com FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 27469, CA 37517] NR 15 TC 114 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 102 IS 3 BP 432 EP 439 DI 10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.06.013 PG 8 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 089HJ UT WOS:000240871000006 PM 16860852 ER PT J AU Saidi, MS Rasouli, F Hajaligol, MR AF Saidi, Mohammad S. Rasouli, Firooz Hajaligol, Mohammad R. TI Heat transfer coefficient for a packed bed of shredded materials at low peclet numbers SO HEAT TRANSFER ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID TO-FLUID HEAT; MASS-TRANSFER; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; FINE PARTICLES; FLOW; TRANSPORT AB The application of the Nusselt number (Nu) correlation of a packed bed of spherical particles overestimates the rate of heat transfer in the packed beds of shredded materials. This is due to the dependence of flow distribution on the particle geometry. This discrepancy is even more pronounced due to a channeling effect at low Peclet numbers (Pe). In this study, the heat transfer coefficient for a packed bed of shredded materials was derived at low Peclet numbers. In deriving the correlation, both numerical simulation and experimental work were employed. The experimental work was carried out in a packed bed of combustible materials for the flow rates of 15 x 10(-6) to 50 x 10(-6) m(3)/s and a temperature range of 30 to 60 degrees C. Using the results of experimental work along with numerical modeling and applying a power law formulation, the best-fit Nusselt number for the packed bed of shredded materials for Pe < 25 was derived to be Nu = 0.015 0.11 + Pe(0.73). The Nusselt number calculated from this correlation is in good agreement with the experimental data. C1 Philip Morris Inc, USA, Res Ctr, Richmond, VA 23261 USA. Isfahan Univ Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Esfahan, Iran. RP Hajaligol, MR (reprint author), Philip Morris Inc, USA, Res Ctr, Richmond, VA 23261 USA. EM mohammad.r.hajaligol@pmusa.com NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0145-7632 J9 HEAT TRANSFER ENG JI Heat Transf. Eng. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 7 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1080/01457630600745079 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 065HK UT WOS:000239150500006 ER PT J AU James, PJ Nyby, JG Saviolakis, GA AF James, Peter J. Nyby, John G. Saviolakis, George A. TI Sexually stimulated testosterone release in male mice (Mus musculus): Roles of genotype and sexual arousal SO HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE courtship; environment; genotype; GnRH; LH; mouse; reflexive release; reproduction; sexual arousal; spontaneous release; testosterone; ultrasonic vocalization; ultrasound ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; ULTRASONIC VOCALIZATIONS; COPULATORY-BEHAVIOR; MALE-RATS; SECRETION; RESPONSES; ODORS; INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA; METABOLITES; INJECTION AB In virtually every mammalian species examined, some males exhibit reflexive testosterone release upon encountering a novel female (or female-related stimulus). At the same time, not every individual male (or every published study) provides evidence for reflexive testosterone release. Four experiments using house mice (Mus musculus) examined the hypothesis that both the male's genotype and his degree of sexual arousal (as indexed by ultrasonic mating calls) are related to such variability. In Experiment 1, CF-1 males exhibited reflexive testosterone elevations 30 min after encountering female urine. CK males, on the other hand, did not exhibit testosterone elevations 20, 30, 50, 60, or 80 min after encountering female urine (Experiments 1 and 2) suggesting this strain incapable of reflexive release. In Experiment 3, we measured both mating calls and reflexive testosterone release in response to female urine in CF-1 and CK males. Most males of both strains called vigorously to female urine but not to water. But, only CF-1 males exhibited significant testosterone elevations to female urine. In Experiment 4, DBA/2J males called vigorously to females followed by testosterone elevations 30 min later. The first 3 experiments support the hypothesis that male genotype is an important variable underlying mammalian reflexive testosterone release. Statistically significant correlations between mating calls in the first minute after stimulus exposure and testosterone elevations 30 min later (Experiments 3 and 4) support the hypothesis that, in capable males, reflexive testosterone release is related to the male's initial sexual arousal. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Nyby, JG (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 111 Res Dr, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM jgn2@lehigh.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [R15MH065956] NR 44 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0018-506X J9 HORM BEHAV JI Horm. Behav. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 50 IS 3 BP 424 EP 431 DI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.05.004 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 080JB UT WOS:000240242600009 PM 16828762 ER PT J AU Leisher, PO Danner, AJ Raftery, JJ Siriani, D Choquette, KD AF Leisher, Paul O. Danner, Aaron J. Raftery, James J., Jr. Siriani, Dominic Choquette, Kent D. TI Loss and index guiding in single-mode proton-implanted holey vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE distributed Bragg reflector lasers; semiconductor lasers ID POWER AB Wedge-shaped holes are fabricated in the top mirror of proton-implanted vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). A radially symmetric fill factor approach is used to calculate the resulting transverse index profile. To investigate both the index confinement provided by the etched pattern and its effect on optical loss, continuous-wave (CW) and pulsed experiments are performed. Under CW operation, we show proper wedge design leads to improved fundamental-mode output power, decreased threshold, and increased efficiency. We report a significant decrease in threshold under pulsed operation for the etched device compared to an unetched device, indicating a significant reduction in diffraction loss to the fundamental mode due to strong index guiding. Single-mode output is maintained over the entire operating range of the VCSEL due to increased loss for the higher order modes. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Agilent Technol, Singapore 109673, Singapore. US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Leisher, PO (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM pleisher@ieee.org NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 9-10 BP 1091 EP 1096 DI 10.1109/JQE.2006.882031 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 090BM UT WOS:000240925600029 ER PT J AU Jacoby, GA Marchany, R Davis, NJ AF Jacoby, Grant A. Marchany, Randy Davis, Nathaniel J. TI How mobile host batteries can improve network security SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 04) CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2004 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Strateg Alliance Metroplex Technol, Freescale, IDT, Nokia, Univ Texas, Austin, ECE, Wireless Valley Commun Inc, ALCATEL, ALTERA, Raytheon, SMU Eng, UTA Eng, Univ Texas, Dallas, Erik Jonsson Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Axes Technol C1 US Mil Acad, Informat Technol Operat Ctr, West Point, NY USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Virginia Tech & State Univ, Informat Technol Secur Lab, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Jacoby, GA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Informat Technol Operat Ctr, West Point, NY USA. EM grant.jocoby@usma.edu; nathaniel.davis@afit.edu; marchany@vt.edu NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 EI 1558-4046 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 4 IS 5 BP 40 EP 49 DI 10.1109/MSP.2006.139 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 086UM UT WOS:000240698500009 ER PT J AU Sung, YC Misra, S Tong, L Ephremides, A AF Sung, Youngchul Misra, Saswat Tong, Lang Ephremides, Anthony TI Signal processing for application-specific ad hoc networks SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 Qualcomm Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. USA, Res Lab, Commun & Network Syst Div, Adelphi, MD USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, ISR, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sung, YC (reprint author), Qualcomm Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM ysung@qualcomm.com; sm353@cornell.edu; ltong@ece.cornell.edu; tony@eng.umd.edu RI Sung, Youngchul/C-1671-2011; Magazine, Signal Processing/E-9947-2015 NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-5888 EI 1558-0792 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC MAG JI IEEE Signal Process. Mag. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 23 IS 5 BP 74 EP 83 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 090BK UT WOS:000240925400012 ER PT J AU Bonafede, S Huffman, A Palmer, WD AF Bonafede, Salvatore Huffman, Alan Palmer, W. Devereux TI Layer structure and thickness effects on electroplated AuSn solder bump composition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE electrochemical processes; fabrication; gold alloys; lead-free solder; tin alloys AB The eutectic gold-tin (AuSn) solder composition is receiving increased attention for packaging applications. In addition to the environmental benefits of removing lead compounds from electronic manufacturing, gold-tin eutectic also exhibits desirable mechanical properties such as high strength and low thermal fatigue. However, some methods of deposition for this solder require complicated processes or limit the minimum bump size. This paper explores the formation of AuSn eutectic solder bumps using sequential electrodeposition of An and Sn to determine the effect of layer thickness and sequence on the composition and structure of the,resulting solder bump. C1 Nextreme Thermal Solut, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Bonafede, S (reprint author), Nextreme Thermal Solut, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM sbonafede@nextremethermal.com; huffman@rti.org; dev.palmer@ieee.org RI Palmer, William/E-2296-2012 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1521-3331 J9 IEEE T COMPON PACK T JI IEEE Trans. Compon. Packaging Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 29 IS 3 BP 604 EP 609 DI 10.1109/TCAPT.2006.880506 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 080JC UT WOS:000240242700021 ER PT J AU Zang, M AF Zang, Ming TI Lattice theory of C-36: A carbon ellipsoidal cell SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bandgap; buckyballs; carbon ellipsoidal cells; constraint numbers; ellipsoidal lattice ID SOLID C-36; NANOTUBES; C-60 AB An ellipsoidal differential lattice structure is developed for studies of the structures, energy bands, and electronic characteristics Of C-36. Constraint numbers are introduced into the wavenumbers of k(phi) in the longitudinal direction of the prolate ellipsoidal lattice. Under these constraints, the structure of the C-36 molecule is demonstrated to be an ellipsoidal cell, where the lengths of major and minor axes are the intermolecular spacing and diameter of C-36. This approach also indicates that the intermolecular interactions of two C-36 molecules are the interactions of the valence electrons in 2p(z) state which is perpendicular to the surface of the ellipsoid. The C-36 molecules join together at the endpoint of the major axis through interactions of the covalence electrons in the intermolecular region, where the electrons are transferred from one C-36 molecule to the other. The ellipsoidal structures of C-36 are isoenergetic and semiconducting. Also, some isomers of C-36 can be narrow semiconducting. Predictions of this theory agree well with the results of the simulations and published measurements, paving the way for the design of practical nanodevices. C1 Univ Minnesota, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. RP Zang, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. EM ming.zang@gmail.com NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-125X J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 5 IS 5 BP 422 EP 429 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2006.880896 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 086LK UT WOS:000240674600001 ER PT J AU Ribot, WJ Panchal, RG Brittingham, KC Ruthel, G Kenny, TA Lane, D Curry, B Hoover, TA Friedlander, AM Bavari, S AF Ribot, Wilson J. Panchal, Rekha G. Brittingham, Katherine C. Ruthel, Gordon Kenny, Tara A. Lane, Douglas Curry, Bob Hoover, Timothy A. Friedlander, Arthur M. Bavari, Sina TI Anthrax lethal toxin impairs innate immune functions of alveolar macrophages and facilitates Bacillus anthracis survival SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID DENDRITIC CELLS; IN-VITRO; SPORES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PATHOGENESIS; INFECTION; STRAIN; LINES; FATE AB Alveolar macrophages (AM) are very important for pulmonary innate immune responses against invading inhaled pathogens because they directly kill the organisms and initiate a cascade of innate and adaptive immune responses. Although several factors contribute to inhalational anthrax, we hypothesized that unimpeded infection of Bacillus anthracis is directly linked to disabling the innate immune functions contributed by AM. Here, we investigated the effects of lethal toxin (LT), one of the binary complex virulence factors produced by B. anthracis, on freshly isolated nonhuman primate AM. Exposure of AM to doses of LT that killed susceptible macrophages had no effect on the viability of AM, despite complete MEK1 cleavage. Intoxicated AM remained fully capable of B. anthracis spore phagocytosis. However, pretreatment of AM with LT resulted in a significant decrease in the clearance of both the Sterne strain and the fully virulent Ames strain of B. anthracis, which may have been a result of impaired AM secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Our data imply that cytolysis does not correlate with MEK1 cleavage, and this is the first report of LT-mediated impairment of nonhuman primate AM bactericidal activity against B. anthracis. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Target Identificat & Translat Res, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. SAIC Frederick Inc, Target Struct Based Drug Discovery Grp, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bavari, S (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Target Identificat & Translat Res, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM sina.bavari@amedd.army.mil FU NCI NIH HHS [N01 CO 12400, N01CO12400] NR 27 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 9 BP 5029 EP 5034 DI 10.1128/IAI.00275-06 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 081DC UT WOS:000240296400008 PM 16926394 ER PT J AU He, YQ Reichow, S Ramamoorthy, S Ding, XC Lathigra, R Craig, JC Sobral, BWS Schurig, GG Sriranganathan, N Boyle, SM AF He, Yongqun Reichow, Sherry Ramamoorthy, Sheela Ding, Xicheng Lathigra, Raju Craig, Johanna C. Sobral, Bruno W. S. Schurig, Gerhardt G. Sriranganathan, Nammalwar Boyle, Stephen M. TI Brucella melitensis triggers time-dependent modulation of a apoptosis and down-regulation of mitochondrion-associated gene expression in mouse macrophages SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS; PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; INTRACELLULAR GROWTH; GAMMA-INTERFERON; QUANTITATIVE PCR; HOST-CELL; IN-VITRO; ABORTUS; MICE; INFECTION AB Brucella spp. are facultative intracellular bacteria that cause brucellosis in humans and other animals. Brucella spp. are taken up by macrophages, and the outcome of the macrophage-Brucella interaction is a basis for establishment of a chronic Brucella infection. Microarrays were used to analyze the transcriptional response of the murine macrophage-like J774.A1 cell line to infection with virulent Brucella melitensis strain 16M. It was found that most significant changes in macrophage gene transcription happened early following infection, and global macrophage gene expression profiles returned to normal between 24 and 48 h postinfection. These findings support the observation that macrophages kill the majority of Brucella cells at the early infection stage, but the surviving Brucella cells are able to avoid macrophage brucellacidal activity inside replicative phagosomes at the later infection stage. At 4 h postinfection, macrophage genes involved in cell growth, metabolism, and responses to endogenous stimuli were down-regulated, while the inflammatory response (e.g., tumor necrosis factor alpha and Toll-like receptor 2), the complement system, the responses to external stimuli, and other immune responses were up-regulated. It is likely that the most active brucellacidal activity happened between 0 and 4 111 postinfection. Mitochondrion-associated gene expression, which is involved in protein synthesis and transport, electron transfer, and small-molecule transfer, and many other mitochondrial functions were significantly down-regulated at 4 h postinfection. Although there were both pro- and antiapoptosis effects, B. melitensis 16M appears to inhibit apoptosis of macrophages by blocking release of cytochrome c and production of reactive oxygen species in the mitochondria, thus preventing activation of caspase cascades. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Unit Lab Anim Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Analyt Serv Inc, Homeland Secur Inst, Arlington, VA 22206 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP He, YQ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Unit Lab Anim Med, 018 Anim Res Facil,1150 W Med Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM yongqunh@umich.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [1R21 AI 057875-01, R21 AI057875, 1U54 AI 57168-01P1, R21 AI057875-01, U54 AI057168, HHSN266200400061C] NR 65 TC 55 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 9 BP 5035 EP 5046 DI 10.1128/IAI.01998-05 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 081DC UT WOS:000240296400009 PM 16926395 ER PT J AU Leath, CA Kendrick, JE Numnum, TM Straughn, JM Rocconi, RP Sfakianos, GP Lang, JD AF Leath, C. A., III Kendrick, J. E. Numnum, T. M. Straughn, J. M., Jr. Rocconi, R. P. Sfakianos, G. P. Lang, J. D., Jr. TI Outcomes of gynecologic oncology patients admitted to the intensive care unit following surgery: a university teaching hospital experience SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Gynecologic-Oncologists CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Soc Gynecol Oncol DE APACHE II; critical care; gynecological cancer; outcomes; surgical patients ID CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM; OVARIAN-CANCER; CO-MORBIDITY; APACHE-II; IMPACT; RISK; AGE AB The objective of this study was to determine the outcomes of gynecological oncology patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission following surgery. A computerized database identified postsurgical ICU admissions from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2004 at a university hospital. Abstracted data included: demographics, preoperative diagnosis, reason(s) for ICU admission, consultations, interventions, length of stay (LOS), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, and 30-day mortality. Statistical analysis was performed with the Student's t-test. A total of 185 surgical gynecological oncology ICU patients was identified. Median age was 60 years (range, 21-92 years), and 63% of patients were white. Only 72% of patients had ovarian, endometrial, or cervical cancer. The most common indications for ICU admission were volume resuscitation (108 patients) and respiratory insufficiency (80 patients). Median ICU LOS was 1 day (range, 1-55 days). Patients surviving their hospital admission had a mean APACHE II score of 11.5 (range, 2-37) compared to a mean of 21.2 (range, 13-44) for patients who died prior to hospital discharge (P < 0.001). The overall mortality rate was 12%. A substantial number of gynecological oncology patients will be admitted to the ICU following surgery. Patient outcomes are favorable if APACHE II scores are low and ICU LOS is short. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Anesthesiol, Div Crit Care Med, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Leath, CA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Trey_Leath@yahoo.com OI Leath III, Charles/0000-0002-4034-6845 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1048-891X J9 INT J GYNECOL CANCER JI Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1766 EP 1769 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00702.x PG 4 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 088PR UT WOS:000240824100007 PM 17009969 ER PT J AU Gazonas, GA Weile, DS Wildman, R Mohan, A AF Gazonas, George A. Weile, Daniel S. Wildman, Raymond Mohan, Anuraag TI Genetic algorithm optimization of phononic bandgap structures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE phonon bandgap; genetic algorithm; periodic elastic media; inhomogeneity; inclusion; porous media; acoustic wave propagation ID RESONANT SONIC MATERIALS; WAVE-PROPAGATION; ELASTIC-WAVES; 2-DIMENSIONAL COMPOSITE; THEORETICAL EVIDENCE; PERIODIC STRUCTURES; POROUS MATERIALS; ACOUSTIC-WAVES; GAP MATERIALS; CRYSTALS AB This paper describes the use of genetic algorithms (GAs) for the optimal design of phononic bandgaps in periodic elastic two-phase media. In particular, we link a GA with a computational finite element method for solving the acoustic wave equation, and find optimal designs for both metal-matrix composite systems consisting of Ti/SiC, and H2O-filled porous ceramic media, by maximizing the relative acoustic bandgap for these media. The term acoustic here implies that, for simplicity, only dilatational wave propagation is considered, although this is not an essential limitation of the method. The inclusion material is found to have a lower longitudinal modulus (and lower wave speed) than he surrounding matrix material, a result consistent with observations that stronger scattering is observed if the inclusion material has a lower wave velocity than the matrix material. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Elect Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Gazonas, GA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM gazonas@arl.army.mil; weile@mail.eecis.udel.edu; rwildman@udel.edu; amohan@udel.edu RI Wildman, Raymond/A-7915-2008; OI Gazonas, George/0000-0002-2715-016X NR 61 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 43 IS 18-19 BP 5851 EP 5866 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.12.002 PG 16 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 072ZE UT WOS:000239711000025 ER PT J AU Sateren, WB Foglia, G Renzullo, PO Elson, L Wasunna, M Bautista, CT Birx, DL AF Sateren, Warren B. Foglia, Ginamarie Renzullo, Philip O. Elson, Lynne Wasunna, Monique Bautista, Christian T. Birx, Deborah L. TI Epidemiology of HIV-1 infection in agricultural plantation residents in Kericho, Kenya: Preparation for vaccine feasibility studies SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International AIDS Conference CY JUL 07-12, 2002 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Univ N Carolina, Gen Clin Res Ctr, UNC Ctr AIDS Res, Natl Inst Hlth, Swiss Natl AIDS Res Program, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoWellcome Res & Dev, HIV Antiviral Res DE HIV; prevalence; risk factors; vaccine; Kericho; Kenya ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; MALE CIRCUMCISION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; WOMEN; AFRICA; RISK; MEN; RECOMBINANTS; METAANALYSIS; ASSOCIATION AB A cross-sectional study was performed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for HIV-1 infection among agricultural plantation residents in Kericho, Kenya. Volunteers were recruited, interviewed, and phlebotomized for HIV-1 serologic testing. Sex-specific adjusted odds ratios were estimated using logistic regression. The overall HIV-1 prevalence was 9.9% (81/820), with prevalence in women more than twice that in men (17.4% vs 8.0%, P = 0.001). Among men, elevated HIV-1 prevalence was seen with increasing age, peaking in those older than 30 years (10.3%), marriage (10.4%), Luo tribe affiliation (23.5%), employment (8.9%), travel (11.0%), and being uncircumcised (29.2%). Among women, elevated HIV-1 prevalence was seen in those with no formal education (36.8%) and those who received goods in exchange for sex (36.0%). More than 97% of volunteers expressed a willingness to participate in future HIV-1 studies requiring semiannual visits. HIV prevention efforts have been implemented, along with further research to characterize this population for future cohort feasibility studies and HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. USAMRUK, Nairobi, Kenya. NIH, Vaccine Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US Mil, HIV Res Program, Walter Reed Project, Kericho, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Sateren, WB (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, US Mil HIV Res Program, 1 Taft Court,Suite 250, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM wsateren@hivresearch.org RI Bautista, Christian/B-2812-2011 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD SEP PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 102 EP 106 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000226795.61957.40 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 080YK UT WOS:000240284200017 PM 16885773 ER PT J AU Niemtzow, RC Gambel, J Helms, J Pock, A Burns, S Baxter, J AF Niemtzow, Richard C. Gambel, Jeffrey Helms, Joseph Pock, Arnyce Burns, Stephen Baxter, John TI Integrating ear and scalp acupuncture techniques into the care of blast-injured United States military service members with limb loss SO JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Phys Med & Rehabil Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Helms Med Inst, Berkeley, CA USA. USAF Med Corps, Off Surg Gen, Bolling AFB, Washington, DC USA. Pentagon, Pentagon Flight Med Clin, Washington, DC USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Acupuncture Clin, Andrews AFB, MD USA. RP Niemtzow, RC (reprint author), 9800 Cherry Hill Rd, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM n5ev@aol.com NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1075-5535 J9 J ALTERN COMPLEM MED JI J. Altern. Complement Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 12 IS 7 BP 597 EP 599 DI 10.1089/acm.2006.597 PG 3 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 085MK UT WOS:000240608000001 ER PT J AU Boteler, JM Dandekar, DP AF Boteler, J. M. Dandekar, D. P. TI Dynamic response of two strain-hardened aluminum alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SHOCK COMPRESSION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; WAVE AB Despite their common usage in armor applications such as lightweight armored vehicles, the dynamic material response of 5083-H131 and 5083-H32 strain-hardened aluminum alloys has not been previously reported in the open literature. Measurement of the dynamic material properties, including the shock Hugoniot equation of state (EOS), provides hydrocode modelers with critical information required for accurate modeling of material response to intense loading. In the work reported here we investigate the Hugoniot EOS and Hugoniot elastic limit over the stress range of 1.5-8.0 GPa. All experiments were performed on the Army Research Laboratory 102 mm bore single-stage light gas gun. Impact conditions were uniaxial and planar to within 1 mrad of tilt. Both direct-impact- and shock-transmission-type experiments were performed using velocity interferometry diagnostics to record particle velocity histories with 0.5 ns temporal resolution. The shock Hugoniot for 5083-H131 is extrapolated to 50 GPa and compared to the previous high pressure results of Hauver and Melani (1973) [Ballistic Research Laboratory December Technical Report No. BRL 2345, 1973] and to prior shock studies of 5083-O aluminum alloy. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 NSWC IH, Res Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. USA, Res Lab, Mat Dynam Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Boteler, JM (reprint author), NSWC IH, Res Dept, Code R12JB,Bldg 600,101 Strauss Ave, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM john.boteler@navy.mil; ddandek@arl.army.mil NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 5 AR 054902 DI 10.1063/1.2336492 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 085KH UT WOS:000240602500124 ER PT J AU Britt, TW Thomas, JL Dawson, CR AF Britt, Thomas W. Thomas, Jeffrey L. Dawson, Craig R. TI Self-engagement magnifies the relationship between qualitative overload and performance in a training setting SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JOB-PERFORMANCE; PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS; PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS; WORK CENTRALITY; TRIANGLE MODEL; INVOLVEMENT; METAANALYSIS; RESPONSIBILITY; CONSEQUENCES; DOMAINS AB The present study examined whether personal engagement in a leadership course would predict rated performance for the course, and whether qualitative overload would moderate the relationship. Participants were Army Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) cadets participating in a 5-week long leadership assessment course. Participants completed measures of qualitative overload (the extent to which they felt they lacked the skills and expertise required for effective performance) and the degree to which they were engaged in the course during the 4(th) week. Results revealed that course engagement was a significant predictor of rated leadership performance, even after controlling for the personality variable of conscientiousness. Course engagement interacted with qualitative overload to predict rated performance, indicating that qualitative overload was a stronger predictor of rated performance for those cadets engaged in the course. Discussion of the results focuses on engagement as a predictor of performance, and how work-related impediments matter more for engaged individuals. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Psychol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Britt, TW (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Psychol, 418 Brackett Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM twbritt@clemson.edu; jeffrey.l.thomas@us.army.mil NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9029 J9 J APPL SOC PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 36 IS 9 BP 2100 EP 2114 DI 10.1111/j.0021-9029.2006.00096.x PG 15 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 071SM UT WOS:000239622200003 ER PT J AU Scremin, OU Shih, TM Huynh, L Roch, M Sun, W Chialvo, DR Jenden, DJ AF Scremin, Oscar U. Shih, Tsung-Ming Huynh, Ly Roch, Margareth Sun, Wei Chialvo, Dante R. Jenden, Donald J. TI Circadian rhythms of heart rate and locomotion after treatment with low-dose acetylcholinesterase inhibitors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nerve agents; sarin; pyridostigmine bromide; heart rate variability; autonomic nervous system ID GULF-WAR-SYNDROME; CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW; SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS; RATE-VARIABILITY; CHOLINESTERASE-INHIBITORS; PYRIDOSTIGMINE BROMIDE; BAROREFLEX SENSITIVITY; METABOLISM RATIO; MOTOR-ACTIVITY; PRESSURE AB This study tested the hypothesis that repeated exposure to low levels of sarin, pyridostigmine bromide (PB) or their combination, at doses equivalent to those possibly experienced by veterans of the 1991 Persian Gulf War, could lead to persistent or delayed autonomic effects and thus help to explain the cause of clinical findings in this population. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated for 3 weeks with: saline injection (0.5 ml kg(-1), s.c., 3 times weekly) with tap drinking water (control); saline injection with PB (80 mg l(-1) in drinking water); sarin injection (62.5 mu g kg(-1), s.c., 0.5 X LD50, 3 times weekly) with tap drinking water (sarin); or sarin injection with PB in drinking water (sarin + PB). At 2, 4 or 16 weeks post-treatment, heart rate (HR) and locomotor activity (LA) were studied by radiotelemetry. Two weeks posttreatment, HR in drug-treated animals was significantly lower than in controls. A decrease in low-frequency HR power spectrum (PS) was found at 00:00 h and 08:00 h with sarin + PB and at 00:00 h with sarin, while total power was enhanced with sarin + PB at 22:00 h. Minimal effects of drug treatments on HR and HR PS were detected at 4 and 16 weeks post-treatment. No significant differences in LA between control and other groups were found. Since no consistent long-term effects were found in any of the variables studied, these experiments do not support the hypothesis that repeated administration of low doses of PB and the nerve agent sarin can induce persistent or delayed alterations in autonomic function. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 VA GLA Healthcare Syst, Dept Res, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Res, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med & Mol Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Scremin, OU (reprint author), VA GLA Healthcare Syst, Dept Res, 11301 Wilshire Blvd,Bldg 115,Rm 319, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. EM oscremin@ucla.edu RI Chialvo, Dante/A-4658-2009 OI Chialvo, Dante/0000-0002-1038-3637 NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 26 IS 5 BP 410 EP 418 DI 10.1002/jat.1155 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 086JE UT WOS:000240668800004 PM 16858689 ER PT J AU Bhat, KR Benton, BJ Ray, R AF Bhat, K. Ramachandra Benton, Betty J. Ray, Radharaman TI Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is essential for sulfur mustard-induced DNA damage repair, but has no role in DNA ligase activation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP); DNA repair; sulfur mustard; DNA ligase I; DNA repair mechanism ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; HUMAN EPIDERMAL-KERATINOCYTES; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE-1; IN-VIVO; INHIBITORS; PHOSPHORYLATION; RECOMBINATION; EXPRESSION; IV AB Concurrent activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase,(PARP) and DNA ligase was observed in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) exposed to the DNA alkylating compound sulfur mustard (SM), suggesting that DNA ligase activation could be due to its modification by PARP. Using HEK, intracellular H-3-labeled NAD(+) (H-3-adenine) was metabolically generated and then these cells were exposed to SM (1 mm). DNA ligase I isolated from these cells was not H-3-labeled, indicating that DNA ligase I is not a substrate for (ADP-ribosyl)ation by PARP. In HEK, when PARP was inhibited by 3-amino benzamide (3-AB, 2 mm), SM-activated DNA ligase had a half-life that was four-fold higher than that observed in the absence of 3-AB. These results suggest that DNA repair requires PARP, and that DNA ligase remains activated until DNA damage repair is complete. The results show that in SM-exposed HEK, DNA ligase I is activated by phosphorylation catalysed by DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). Therefore, the role of PARP in DNA repair is other than that of DNA ligase I activation. By using the DNA ligase I phosphorylation assay and decreasing PARP chemically as well as by PARP anti-sense mRNA expression in the cells, it was confirmed that PARP does not modify DNA ligase I. In conclusion, it is proposed that PARP is essential for efficient DNA repair; however, PARP participates in DNA repair by altering the chromosomal structure to make the DNA damage site(s) accessible to the repair enzymes. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Cell & Mol Biol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Lincoln Univ, Dept Chem, Malvern, PA 19352 USA. RP Ray, R (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Cell & Mol Biol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM radhiraman.ray@us.anny.mil NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 26 IS 5 BP 452 EP 457 DI 10.1002/jat.1161 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 086JE UT WOS:000240668800009 PM 16906506 ER PT J AU Cosman, F Ruffing, J Zion, M Uhorchak, J Garrett, P Lindsay, R Nieves, J AF Cosman, F. Ruffing, J. Zion, M. Uhorchak, J. Garrett, P. Lindsay, R. Nieves, J. TI Determinants of stress fracture in United States Military Academy cadets. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 15-19, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Helen Hayes Hosp, Clin Res Ctr, W Haverstraw, NY USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Surg, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 SU 1 BP S105 EP S105 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 089FS UT WOS:000240866300401 ER PT J AU Steinbeck, MJ Nesti, LJ Sharkey, PF Parvizi, J AF Steinbeck, M. J. Nesti, L. J. Sharkey, P. F. Parvizi, J. TI Myeloperoxidase and chlorinated-peptides in osteoarthritis: Potential biomarkers of the disease. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 15-19, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Rothman Inst Orthoped, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 SU 1 BP S144 EP S144 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 089FS UT WOS:000240866301111 ER PT J AU Milligan, JH Nielsen, RJ Schmeckpeper, ER AF Milligan, Jarrod H. Nielsen, Richard J. Schmeckpeper, Edwin R. TI Short- and long-term effects of element costs and failure costs in Pontis SO JOURNAL OF BRIDGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE bridge maintenance; maintenance costs; California; Oregon; cost control AB Experts familiar with bridge maintenance in Idaho estimated unit costs for Pontis bridge elements. These costs were compared to those provided by the California and Oregon departments of transportation. Some of the differences are due to regional variations in repair and rehabilitation costs, some reflect decisions to avoid certain actions by assigning them prohibitively high costs, and others reflect modeling decisions regarding the cost of leaving an element in its current condition. For a 5-year scenario, the projected needs using the Oregon element costs were from 1.6 to 6 times higher than those based on Idaho or California element costs. Likewise the projected benefits using Oregon element costs ranged from 2.2 to 40 times higher than the benefits projected using Idaho and California element costs. A 25-year scenario indicates that Pontis' cost-optimal priorities allowed the Network Health Index to decrease, even when a more-than-ample budget was provided. C1 USA Corps Engineers, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. Univ Idaho, Natl Inst Adv Transportat Technol, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Milligan, JH (reprint author), USA Corps Engineers, 201 N 3rd Ave, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0702 J9 J BRIDGE ENG JI J. Bridge Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 11 IS 5 BP 626 EP 632 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2006)11:5(626) PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 150GU UT WOS:000245204500013 ER PT J AU Barillo, DJ AF Barillo, David J. TI Burn centers and disaster response SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEPTEMBER-11; EXPERIENCE C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Barillo, DJ (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1559-047X J9 J BURN CARE RES JI J. Burn Care Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 BP 558 EP 559 DI 10.1097/01.BCR.0000238305.62522.83 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA 089MQ UT WOS:000240885100001 PM 16998384 ER PT J AU Cancio, LC Kramer, GC Hoskins, SL AF Cancio, Leopoldo C. Kramer, George C. Hoskins, Stephen L. TI Gastrointestinal fluid resuscitation of thermally injured patients SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTION; BURN SHOCK; SODIUM-ABSORPTION; SALINE SOLUTIONS; GLUCOSE; THERAPY; CHOLERA; WATER; PERFUSION; DIARRHEA C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Anesthesiol, Resuscitat Res Lab, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. RP Cancio, LC (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 62 TC 26 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1559-047X J9 J BURN CARE RES JI J. Burn Care Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 BP 561 EP 569 DI 10.1097/01.BCR.0000235449.25828.B8 PG 9 WC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA 089MQ UT WOS:000240885100003 PM 16998386 ER PT J AU Barillo, DJ Dimick, AR Cairns, BA Hardin, WD Acker, JE Peck, MD AF Barillo, David J. Dimick, Alan R. Cairns, Bruce A. Hardin, William D. Acker, Joe E., III Peck, Michael D. TI The Southern Region Burn Disaster Plan SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual Southern Region Burn Conference CY NOV 04, 2005 CL Nashville, TN ID SEPTEMBER-11 AB A regional burn disaster plan for 24 burn centers located in 11 states comprising the Southern Region of the American Burn Association was developed using online and in-person collaboration between burn center directors during a 2-year period. The capabilities and preferences of burn centers in the Southern Region were queried. A website with disaster information, including a map of regional burn centers and spreadsheet of driving distances between centers, was developed. Standard terminology for burn center capabilities during disasters was defined as open, full, diverting, offloading, or returning. A simple, scalable, and flexible disaster plan was designed. Activation and escalation of the plan revolves around the requirements of the end user, the individual burn center director. A key provision is the designation of a central communications point colocated at a burn center with several experienced burn surgeons. In a burn disaster, the burn center director can make a single phone call to the communications center, where a senior burn surgeon remote from the disaster can contact other burn centers and emergency agencies to arrange assistance. Available options include diversion of new admissions to the next closest center, transfer of patients to other regional centers, or facilitation of activation of federal plans to bring burn care providers to the affected burn center. Cooperation between regional burn center directors has produced a simple and flexible regional disaster plan at minimal cost to institute or operate. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Barillo, DJ (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1559-047X J9 J BURN CARE RES JI J. Burn Care Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 BP 589 EP 595 DI 10.1097/01.BCR.0000235460.76089.66 PG 7 WC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA 089MQ UT WOS:000240885100006 PM 16998389 ER PT J AU Chung, KK Blackbourne, LH Wolf, SE White, CE Renz, EM Cancio, LC Holcomb, JB Barillo, DJ AF Chung, Kevin K. Blackbourne, Lorne H. Wolf, Steven E. White, Christopher E. Renz, Evan M. Cancio, Leopoldo C. Holcomb, John B. Barillo, David J. TI Evolution of burn resuscitation in operation Iraqi freedom SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ABDOMINAL COMPARTMENT SYNDROME; PATIENT; SUPPORT; INJURY; FLUID C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Chung, KK (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. OI Wolf, Steven/0000-0003-2972-3440 NR 29 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1559-047X J9 J BURN CARE RES JI J. Burn Care Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 BP 606 EP 611 DI 10.1097/01.BCR.0000235466.57137.f2 PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA 089MQ UT WOS:000240885100009 PM 16998392 ER PT J AU Barillo, DJ Wolf, S AF Barillo, David J. Wolf, Steven TI Planning for burn disasters: Lessons learned from one hundred years of history SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Meeting of the American-Burn-Association CY APR 04-07, 2006 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Burn Assoc ID FIRE; SEPTEMBER-11; NIGHTCLUB; BOSTON AB The terrorist attacks of September 11 th have prompted interest in developing plans to manage thousands of burn casualties. There is little actual experience in the United States in managing disasters of this magnitude. As an alternative, lessons may be learned from the historical experiences of previous civilian burn or fire disasters occurring in this country. A review of relevant medical, fire service, and popular literature pertaining to civilian burn or fire disasters occurring in the United States between the years 1900 and 2000 was performed. In the 20th century, 73 major U.S. fire or burn disasters have occurred. With each disaster prompting a strengthening of fire regulations or building codes, the number of fatalities per incident has steadily decreased. Detailed examination of several landmark fires demonstrated that casualty counts were great but that most victims had fatal injuries and died on the scene or within 24 hours. A second large cohort comprised the walking wounded, who required minimal outpatient treatment. Patients requiring inpatient burn care comprise a small percentage of the total casualty figure but consume enormous resources during hospitalization. Burn mass casualty incidents are uncommon. The number of casualties per incident decreased over time. In most fire disasters, the majority of victims either rapidly die or have minimal injuries and can be treated and released. As a result, most disasters produce fewer than 25 to 50 patients requiring inpatient burn care. This would be a rational point to begin burn center preparations for mass casualty incidents. A robust outpatient capability to manage the walking wounded is also desirable. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Barillo, DJ (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. OI Wolf, Steven/0000-0003-2972-3440 NR 107 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1559-047X J9 J BURN CARE RES JI J. Burn Care Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 BP 622 EP 634 DI 10.1097/01.BCR.0000236823.08124.1C PG 13 WC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA 089MQ UT WOS:000240885100011 PM 16998394 ER PT J AU Cancio, LC AF Cancio, Leopoldo C. TI Airplane crash in Guam, August 6, 1997: The aeromedical evacuation response SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB A civilian airplane crash on the island of Guam in 1997 produced 16 burned survivors. The U.S. Army Burn Flight Team and U.S. Air Force Critical Care Air Transport Teams conducted a joint aeromedical mission in response to this disaster. This experience was reviewed from the Burn Flight Team perspective. A record of events was made during the mission, and an after-action review was conducted after the mission. Twelve patients were transported to Korea, and four critically ill patients were transported to the U.S. Army Burn Center in San Antonio, TX. The latter mission required 21 hours of in-flight critical care and was completed 4 days and 3 hours after the crash. After-action review resulted in changes in communications procedures, administrative oversight, supplies and equipment, composition of the Burn Flight Team, and readiness and training. These peacetime lessons contributed to the military's ability to transport wartime burn casualties in ensuing years and indicate the close interdependence of the disaster response and combat missions. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Cancio, LC (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1559-047X J9 J BURN CARE RES JI J. Burn Care Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 BP 642 EP 648 DI 10.1097/01.BCR.0000238097.10219.66 PG 7 WC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA 089MQ UT WOS:000240885100013 PM 16998396 ER PT J AU Eckart, RE Gula, LJ Reynolds, MR Shry, EA Maisel, WH AF Eckart, Robert E. Gula, Lorne J. Reynolds, Matthew R. Shry, Eric A. Maisel, William H. TI Mortality following defibrillator implantation in patients with renal insufficiency SO JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE defibrillator; renal failure; dialysis ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; LONG-TERM SURVIVAL; DIALYSIS PATIENTS; CARDIAC-ARREST; CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATOR; HEART-FAILURE; DISEASE; HEMODIALYSIS; RISK; THERAPY AB Introduction: Patients with renal insufficiency have an increased risk of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, cardiovascular events, and sudden cardiac death. Due to under-representation of patients with renal disease in large clinical trials, outcomes of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation in this group remain unclear. Methods and Results: Inpatient and ambulatory records were reviewed for 741 consecutive patients undergoing 947 defibrillator implants or replacements at Department of Defense Medical Facilities. Demographics, medical history, and mortality were reviewed. The mean age of the cohort was 64 +/- 14 years and 599 (80.8%) were male. There were 173 patients (23.3%) with chronic renal insufficiency, 22 (3.0%) undergoing hemodialysis, and 546 (73.7%) without reported renal disease. The mean number of annual hospital admissions for heart failure among patients with and without renal failure was 3.8 +/- 4.0 versus 1.2 +/- 1.9 (P < 0.0001), respectively. The 1-year survival for those without renal insufficiency was 96.6%, compared to 87.8% for those with chronic renal insufficiency, and 88.7% for those undergoing hemodialysis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant association between mortality among ICD patients and renal insufficiency, independent of coexisting congestive heart failure, ischemic cardiomyopathy, and diabetes mellitus (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Among ICD recipients, those with renal insufficiency have a significantly higher mortality rate than those without renal insufficiency. Among a cohort of patients with ICDs, those with known renal insufficiency have higher rates of health care resource utilization and more heart failure admissions. Development of a national registry for ICDs should include data with regard to renal function. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. London Hlth Sci Ctr, London, ON, Canada. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Eckart, RE (reprint author), Arrhythmia Serv, Div Cardiovasc, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM robert.eckart@us.army.mil FU NHLBI NIH HHS [1 K23 HL077171, K23 HL077171, K23 HL077171-03] NR 27 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1045-3873 J9 J CARDIOVASC ELECTR JI J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 17 IS 9 BP 940 EP 943 DI 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2006.00550.x PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 072SA UT WOS:000239692100003 PM 16948736 ER PT J AU Wilber, DH Clarke, DG Burlas, MH AF Wilber, D. H. Clarke, D. G. Burlas, M. H. TI Suspended sediment concentrations associated with a beach nourishment project on the northern coast of New Jersey SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE turbidity; sediment plume; granulometry; impact assessment; monitoring ID SURF ZONE; OPERATIONS; FISH AB The potential biological effects of elevated suspended sediment concentrations caused by beach nourishment activities are a commonly cited environmental concern; however, the spatial scope and magnitude of increases in total suspended sediment (TSS) levels are infrequently monitored. In this study, suspended sediment conditions were monitored for two nourishment events on the northern coast of New Jersey in 1997 and 1998. Samples were taken in the swash, surf, and nearshore zones near the discharge pipe and at reference areas both north and south of the fill sites. Sampling was also conducted after two major storms passed through the area in September 1999 (the remnants of Hurricanes Dennis and Floyd). For both nourishment events, swash zone suspended sediment concentrations were significantly higher at sites of active discharge and recently nourished stations than at unnourished stations; however, no differences in TSS concentrations were detected between nourished and unnourished stations in the surf zone and nearshore habitats during either nourishment event. Maximum bottom surf zone and nearshore TSS concentrations related to nourishment activities were 64 mg/L and 34 mg/L, respectively, compared with respective maximum bottom concentrations of 81 mg/L and 425 mg/L after storms. Background maximum bottom TSS concentrations in the surf and nearshore zones on unnourished portions of the beach were less than 20 mg/L. Elevated TSS concentrations associated with the active beach nourishment site were limited to within 400 m of the discharge pipe in the swash zone. More direct monitoring of TSS concentrations is needed to better understand the potential biological effects of beach nourishment activities. C1 Comp Sci Corp, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Wetlands & Coastal Ecol Branch, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA Engineer Dist, New York, NY 10278 USA. RP Wilber, DH (reprint author), Comp Sci Corp, 664 Old Plantat Rd, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM wilberdh@aol.com NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1035 EP 1042 DI 10.2112/04-0268.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 092YD UT WOS:000241132700002 ER PT J AU Zufelt, JE AF Zufelt, Jon E. TI Technical council on cold regions enginering SO JOURNAL OF COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Richardson, AK 99505 USA. RP Zufelt, JE (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, POB 5646, Ft Richardson, AK 99505 USA. EM Jon.E.Zufelt@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-381X J9 J COLD REG ENG JI J. Cold Reg. Eng. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 BP 69 EP 69 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(2006)20:3(69) PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 075KO UT WOS:000239884100001 ER PT J AU Holland, RF AF Holland, Robert F. TI Improving criminal jury verdicts: Learning from the court-martial SO JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW & CRIMINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DELIBERATIONS AB Twelve jurors retire into a closed room to deliberate on the verdict in a felony trial. After they elect a foreman and discuss the evidence, their individual positions begin to emerge. Nine jurors feel strongly that the defendant is guilty, but several jurors argue for acquittal. The judge has instructed them that they must all agree on any verdict, but has given them no guidance on what procedure to use to determine their verdict. Frustration rises over the inability to convince the minority bloc to go along with the majority sentiment. Someone points out that if the twelve cannot unanimously agree, the judge will declare a mistrial, and the defendant will face another long trial in front of a new jury. The jurors holding out for acquittal feel the mounting pressure, and long for some means to vote their consciences without deadlocking the collective decision. There must be a better way for the criminal jury to reach its verdict-and there is. State law ought to permit a super-majority of the twelve jurors to render a verdict of guilty, and when the required majority cannot be convinced of guilt, then a "not guilty" verdict should automatically result. Requiring each juror to indicate her final individual position on the verdict by a secret written ballot of "guilty" or "not guilty," coupled with an assured outcome of either conviction or acquittal, will protect the integrity of the verdict as a collective expression of the individual jurors' consciences, rather than as a result of the majority browbeating the exhausted and outnumbered dissenters into submission. Changing state trial procedure to this approach will also promote thorough discussion of all points of view among the jurors, and eliminate the inefficiency of the hung jury situation. Fortunately, one American criminal justice system has successfully used such a radical procedure for reaching jury verdicts for almost forty years, and this Article discusses why such procedures should be adopted by states for their criminal jury trials. C1 S Texas Coll Law, Houston, TX USA. US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. Duke Univ, Sch Law, Durham, NC 27706 USA. USA, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Washington, DC USA. RP Holland, RF (reprint author), S Texas Coll Law, Houston, TX USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU NORTHWESTERN UNIV PI CHICAGO PA SCHOOL OF LAW OFFICE OF LEGAL PUBLICATIONS 357 EAST CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611-3069 USA SN 0091-4169 J9 J CRIM LAW CRIM JI J. Crim. Law Criminol. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 97 IS 1 BP 101 EP 145 PG 45 WC Criminology & Penology; Law SC Criminology & Penology; Government & Law GA 137KD UT WOS:000244290600003 ER PT J AU Zhou, Y Mammen, MP Klungthong, C Chinnawirotpisan, P Vaughn, DW Nimmannitya, S Kalayanarooj, S Holmes, EC Zhang, CL AF Zhou, Yang Mammen, Mammen P., Jr. Klungthong, Chonticha Chinnawirotpisan, Piyawan Vaughn, David W. Nimmannitya, Suchitra Kalayanarooj, Siripen Holmes, Edward C. Zhang, Chunlin TI Comparative analysis reveals no consistent association between the secondary structure of the 3 '-untranslated region of dengue viruses and disease syndrome SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNTRANSLATED REGION; 3'-NONCODING REGION; TYPE-3 VIRUS; RNA; GENOME; REPLICATION; SEQUENCES; THAILAND; IMMUNOGENICITY; TRANSMISSION AB A comparative analysis was performed of the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of Dengue virus (DENV) sampled from Bangkok, Thailand, over a 30 year period and representing all four serotypes. Considerable genetic variation was observed both within and among serotypes. Notably, a full-length version of the critical 3'-long stable hairpin structure was absent from some isolates, suggesting the occurrence of complex structural interactions within the 3'-UTR, including the influence of upstream mutations. The Thai sequences were then combined with 61 globally sampled isolates of DENV taken from patients with either dengue fever or severe dengue disease. No consistent association was found between 3'-UTR secondary structure and the clinical outcome of DENV infection, although some evidence for a trend in this direction was observed in DENV-2. It was concluded that the 3'-UTR is not the sole determinant of DENV virulence in nature, although variation in secondary structure may greatly influence viral fitness. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, Mueller Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Med Component Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok, Thailand. USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Mil Infect Dis Res Program, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Holmes, EC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Infect Dis Dynam, Mueller Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ech15@psu.edu OI Holmes, Edward/0000-0001-9596-3552 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 87 BP 2595 EP 2603 DI 10.1099/vir.0.81994-0 PN 9 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 076EN UT WOS:000239939900017 PM 16894198 ER PT J AU Brunke, MA Zhou, MY Zeng, XB Andreas, EL AF Brunke, Michael A. Zhou, Mingyu Zeng, Xubin Andreas, Edgar L. TI An intercomparison of bulk aerodynamic algorithms used over sea ice with data from the Surface Heat Budget for the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) experiment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NOCTURNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; DRAG COEFFICIENTS; FLUX ALGORITHMS; SCALAR TRANSFER; WATER-VAPOR; ATMOSPHERE; ROUGHNESS; MODEL; SNOW; TURBULENCE AB [1] The presence of sea ice fundamentally changes the energy and momentum exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere in the Arctic. Thus an accurate representation of the surface turbulent fluxes in climate models is a necessity. An intercomparison of bulk aerodynamic algorithms that calculate surface turbulent fluxes in four climate and numerical weather prediction models is undertaken using data from the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) field experiment, which occurred on the ice in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas north of Alaska from October 1997 to October 1998. Algorithm deficiencies include the consistently higher wind stresses produced by the Arctic Regional Climate System Model (ARCSYM) algorithm; the lower sensible heat fluxes under stable conditions by the algorithms in ARCSYM, the National Center for Environmental Prediction's Global Forecasting System model, and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model; and the lower wind stresses by the National Center for Atmospheric Research's Community Climate System Model (CCSM) algorithm under stable conditions. Unlike the constants used in most of the four model algorithms, the roughness lengths for momentum can be fitted by an exponential function with parameters that account for the seasonality in the roughness length. The roughness lengths for heat, z(ot), can be considered a constant (e.g., that used in CCSM, 0.5 mm), similar to what was found by Andreas et al. (2004). When these roughness lengths were implemented into the CCSM and ECMWF algorithms, they produced slightly better wind stresses and sensible heat fluxes most of the time. C1 Univ Arizona, Inst Atmospher Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Natl Res Ctr Marine Environm Forecasts, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Brunke, MA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Inst Atmospher Phys, Phys Atmospher Sci Bldg,POB 210081, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM brunke@atmo.arizona.edu; mingyuzhou@yahoo.com; zeng@atmo.arizona.edu; eandreas@crrel.usace.army.mil OI Zeng, Xubin/0000-0001-7352-2764 NR 39 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 111 IS C9 AR C09001 DI 10.1029/2005JC002907 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 081RV UT WOS:000240335600001 ER PT J AU Warden, D AF Warden, Deborab TI Military TBI during the Iraq and Afghanistan wars SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Federal Interagency Conference on Traumatic Brain Injury CY MAR 10, 2006 CL Bethesda, MD DE blast injury; brain injury; concussion; Iraq war; mild TBI; military; TBI ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; BLAST INJURY; HEAD-INJURY; CONCUSSION; NEUROTRAUMA; VETERANS; WOUNDS; PTSD AB Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important source of morbidity in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Although penetrating brain injuries are more readily identified, closed brain injuries occur more commonly. Explosion or blast injury is the most common cause of war injuries. The contribution of the primary blast wave (primary blast injury) in brain injury is an area of active research. Lessons learned from the sports concussion and civilian mild TBI literature are useful. Individuals with TBI and posttraumatic stress disorder require treatment of both conditions. Families and communities need to be cognizant of the needs of these returning veterans. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Warden, D (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Brain Injury Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Deborah.Warden@na.amedd.army.mil NR 25 TC 402 Z9 405 U1 7 U2 32 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 21 IS 5 BP 398 EP 402 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 084JM UT WOS:000240529200004 PM 16983225 ER PT J AU Myint, KS Endy, TP Mongkolsirichaikul, D Manomuth, C Kalayanarooj, S Vaughn, DW Nisalak, A Green, S Rothman, AL Ennis, FA Libraty, DH AF Myint, Khin S. Endy, Timothy P. Mongkolsirichaikul, Duangrat Manomuth, Choompun Kalayanarooj, Siripen Vaughn, David W. Nisalak, Ananda Green, Sharone Rothman, Alan L. Ennis, Francis A. Libraty, Daniel H. TI Cellular immune activation in children with acute dengue virus infections is modulated by apoptosis SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; DISEASE SEVERITY; T-CELLS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; FAS LIGAND; DEATH; PATHOGENESIS; VIREMIA; PLASMA; MONONUCLEOSIS AB Apoptosis is an important modulator of cellular immune responses during systemic viral infections. Peripheral-blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) apoptosis and plasma soluble levels of CD95, a mediator of apoptosis, were determined in sequential samples from children participating in a prospective study of dengue virus (DV) infections. During the period of defervescence, levels of PBMC apoptosis were higher in children developing dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), the most severe form of illness, than in those with dengue fever (DF) and other, nondengue, febrile illnesses. CD8(+) T lymphocytes made up approximately half of the peak circulating apoptotic PBMCs in DHF and DF. Maximum plasma levels of soluble CD95 were also higher in children with DHF than in those with DF. The level of PBMC apoptosis correlated with dengue disease severity. Apoptosis appears to be involved in modulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses to DV infection and is likely involved in the evolution of immune responses in other viral hemorrhagic fevers. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok, Thailand. Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Dept Pediat, Bangkok, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Libraty, DH (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, Rm S5-326,55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. EM daniel.libraty@umassmed.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [NIH-P01AI34533] NR 40 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 5 BP 600 EP 607 DI 10.1086/506451 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 078HH UT WOS:000240092800011 PM 16897658 ER PT J AU Ramanathan, S Patibandla, S Bandyopadhyay, S Edwards, JD Anderson, J AF Ramanathan, S. Patibandla, S. Bandyopadhyay, S. Edwards, J. D. Anderson, J. TI Fluorescence and infrared spectroscopy of electrochemically self assembled ZnO nanowires: evidence of the quantum confined Stark effect SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID ZINC-OXIDE; ARRAYS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LASERS; ELECTROABSORPTION; LUMINESCENCE; ALUMINUM; SENSORS; FILM AB We report room temperature fluorescence (FL) and infrared absorption (IR) spectra of spatially ordered two-dimensional arrays of vertically standing ZnO nanowires. The wires are produced by selective electrodeposition of Zn in 10-, 25- and 50-nm pores of a porous anodic alumina film, followed by chemical oxidation. Wires of different diameters show distinctly different FL emission characteristics associated with either deep level traps, or exciton recombination. The intensity of the peak caused by exciton recombination is larger than that caused by deep level traps, which is unusual in nanostructures, and attests to the high structural purity. We also see an anomalous red-shift in the FL emission spectrum which appears to be evidence of quantum confined Stark shift caused by built-in electric fields in the alumina template. The IR absorption spectra are mostly featureless and show no significant peaks indicating the absence of shallow level traps. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Bandyopadhyay, S (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM sbandy@vcu.edu NR 29 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4522 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER EL JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Electron. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 17 IS 9 BP 651 EP 655 DI 10.1007/s10854-006-0021-4 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 087HU UT WOS:000240734300002 ER PT J AU Richards, SL Apperson, CS Ghosh, SK Cheshire, HM Zeichner, BC AF Richards, Stephanie L. Apperson, Charles S. Ghosh, Sujit K. Cheshire, Heather M. Zeichner, Brian C. TI Spatial analysis of Aedes albopictus (Diptera : Culicidae) oviposition in suburban neighborhoods of a piedmont community in North Carolina SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes albopictus; oviposition; spatial analysis; kriging ID TRISERIATUS DIPTERA; UNITED-STATES; CHIANG-MAI; AEGYPTI; EGGS; MOSQUITOS; DENGUE; SURVEILLANCE; DISPERSAL; THAILAND AB Temporal and spatial distribution of egg-laying by Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) was investigated in suburban neighborhoods in Raleigh, NC, by using oviposition traps (ovitraps) at fixed sampling stations during the 2002 and 2003 mosquito seasons. Variations in the phenology of oviposition between the two mosquito seasons resulted from differences in the patterns and amounts of rainfall early in the season. Aerial images of each study neighborhood were digitized, and the proportions of specific types of land cover within buffer zones encompassing ovitraps were estimated. Retrospective analyses showed that in some neighborhoods, oviposition intensity was significantly associated with specific types of land cover. However, in general, it seemed that gravid Ae. albopictus searched throughout the landscape for water-filled containers in which to lay eggs. Peridomestic surveys were carried out concurrently with ovitrap collections to estimate production of Ae. albopictus pupae in discarded water-filled containers and the abundance of females in vegetation that made up the resting habitat. Results of linear regression analyses indicated that the mean standing crop of pupae (total and per container) per residence was not a significant predictor of mean egg densities in ovitraps. However, the mean standing crop of adult females was a significant but weak predictor variable, because the magnitude and sign of regression coefficients varied between neighborhoods. Linear spatial regression analyses revealed that oviposition intensity was not spatially dependent on pupal standing crop or the numbers of pupae-positive containers distributed peridomestically. However, a weak spatial dependence on the standing crop of adult females was found in some neighborhoods. Based on spherical variogram models, kriging was carried out to predict the spatial patterns of oviposition in suburban neighborhoods. Focal areas of high and low oviposition intensity were evident in most neighborhoods; however, the spatial patterns of oviposition changed between mosquito seasons. Kriging predictions were evaluated, using cross-validation, by systematically removing each data point from our data set and predicting the removed point by using the remaining points. The root mean square (standardized) error values of best fitting variogram models approximated 1, and plots of standardized PRESS residuals showed no distinct pattern for most neighborhoods, indicating that predictions of the spatial distribution of oviposition intensity were valid. Spherical variogram models are a satisfactory method for describing the spatial distribution of Ae. albopictus oviposition, and kriging can be a useful technique for predicting oviposition intensity at locations that have not been sampled. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Envirom Resources, Ctr Earth Observat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Apperson, CS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Box 7647, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM charles_apperson@ncsu.edu OI Ghosh, Sujit/0000-0001-8351-408X FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01-AI-58303-01] NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 17 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 976 EP 989 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)43[976:SAOAAD]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 085LI UT WOS:000240605200030 PM 17017237 ER PT J AU Turell, MJ Mores, CN Dohm, DJ Lee, WJ Kim, HC Klein, TA AF Turell, Michael J. Mores, Christopher N. Dohm, David J. Lee, Won-Ja Kim, Heung-Chul Klein, Terry A. TI Laboratory transmission of Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, and Getah viruses by mosquitoes (Diptera : Culicidae) collected near Camp Greaves, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea, 2003 SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE virus; mosquitoes; Korea; Japanese encephalitis; West Nile; Getah ID EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; VALLEY FEVER VIRUS; CULEX-TRITAENIORHYNCHUS; DENGUE VIRUSES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFECTION; PIPIENS; DISSEMINATION; TARSALIS; STRAINS AB We conducted experimental studies to evaluate mosquitoes captured in Paju County, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea, for their ability to transmit West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, JEV), and Getah virus (family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, GETV) under laboratory conditions. Both Culex pipiens pallens Coquillett and Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles were highly susceptible to infection with WNV, with infection rates > 65% when allowed to feed on chickens with viremias of approximate to 10(7) plaqueforming units (PFU) of virus/ml blood. In contrast, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were significantly more susceptible to JEV or GETV (infection rate 100%) than were the Cx. p. pallens (infection rate 3% for JEV and 0% for GETV) captured in the same area when allowed to feed on chickens with viremias of approximate to 10(5) PFU of virus/ml blood. The detection of JEV in field-collected Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in Gyeonggi Province in 2000 and the demonstrated ability of this species to transmit this virus support the importance of the continued vaccination of Koreans against JEV and indicate a risk of infection for nonvaccinated individuals. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Turell, MJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 35 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1076 EP 1081 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)43[1076:LTOJEW]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 085LI UT WOS:000240605200041 PM 17017248 ER PT J AU Brooks, DB Subramanian, PS AF Brooks, Dain B. Subramanian, Prem S. TI Monocular temporal hemianopia with septo-optic dysplasia SO JOURNAL OF NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material AB A 26-year-old woman displayed a monocular temporal hemianopic defect together with an ipsilateral afferent pupillary defect and bowtie optic nerve hypoplasia. MRI revealed a thin right optic nerve, an asymmetrically thinned chiasm, and an absent septum pellucidum. Monocular temporal visual field loss from organic lesions is quite rare but has been reported in conjunction with compressive lesions at the optic nerve-optic chiasm junction. This is the first report to demonstrate this visual field defect together with bowtie optic nerve hypoplasia. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Ophthalmol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Subramanian, PS (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM prem.subramanian@na.amedd.army.mil OI Subramanian, Prem/0000-0001-5824-8322 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1070-8022 J9 J NEURO-OPHTHALMOL JI J. Neuro-Ophthal. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 195 EP 196 DI 10.1097/01.wno.0000235582.10546.43 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Ophthalmology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Ophthalmology GA 085NY UT WOS:000240612000010 PM 16966940 ER PT J AU Devine, PJ Carlson, DW Taylor, AJ AF Devine, Patrick J. Carlson, Daniel W. Taylor, Allen J. TI Clinical value of carotid intima-media thickness testing SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARTERIAL-WALL THICKNESS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES; B-MODE ULTRASOUND; YOUNG-ADULTS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; REDUCING CHOLESTEROL; HEART-DISEASE AB Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) testing is recognized as a valid method for the noninvasive assessment of atherosclerosis. In addition to its association with known cardiovascular risk factors and both prevalent and incident coronary heart disease, the rate of CIMT progression is directly related to the risk for future cardiovascular events. Subsequently, CIMT has been a valuable research tool in clinical trials in the assessment of therapeutic agents directed against atherosclerosis. An overview of CIMT testing including its precise measurement, establishment as a surrogate for atherosclerosis by epidemiologic trials, role in clinical trials, and potential applications in both primary and secondary coronary heart disease prevention is presented. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM devine@na.amedd.army.mil NR 56 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 1071-3581 J9 J NUCL CARDIOL JI J. Nucl. Cardiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 BP 710 EP 718 DI 10.1016/j.nucleard.2006.07.007 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 081ME UT WOS:000240320900016 PM 16945751 ER PT J AU Coyne, K Caretti, D Scott, W Johnson, A Koh, F AF Coyne, Karen Caretti, David Scott, William Johnson, Arthur Koh, Frank TI Inspiratory flow rates during hard work when breathing through different respirator inhalation and exhalation resistances SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE exhalation resistance; inhalation resistance; minute ventilation; peak inspiratory flow rate; respirator ID MAXIMAL EXERCISE; RESISTIVE LOADS; FIBROUS FILTERS; AIR-FLOW; PERFORMANCE; PATTERN; CONSTANT; RESPONSES; CYCLISTS; CAPACITY AB There has been a long-standing debate regarding the adequacy of airflow rates used in respirator certification testing and whether these test flow rates underestimate actual values. This study investigated breath by breath inspiratory peak flow rate, minute ventilation, and instantaneous flow rates of eight young, healthy volunteers walking on a treadmill at 80-85% of maximal aerobic capacity until exhaustion while wearing an air-purifying respirator with one of eight combinations of inhalation and exhalation resistance. An analysis of variance was performed to identify differences among the eight conditions. Scheffe's post hoc analysis indicated which means differed. The group of conditions with the highest average value for each parameter was identified and considered to represent a worst-case scenario. Data was reported for these conditions. A Gaussian distribution was fit to the data and the 99.9% probability levels determined The 99.9% probability level for the peak and instantaneous flow rates were 374 L/min and 336 L/min, respectively. The minute ventilation distribution was not Gaussian. Less than 1% of the recorded minute ventilations exceeded 135 L/min. Instantaneous flow rates exceeded the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's respirator test standards of 64, 85, and 100 L/min constant flow 91%, 87%, and 82% of the time, respectively. The recorded minute ventilations exceeded the 40 L/min minute ventilation test standard (for tests with a sinusoidal flow pattern) 100% of the time. This study showed that young, healthy respirator wearers generated peak flow rates, minute ventilations, and instantaneous flow rates that consistently exceeded current test standards. Their flow rates should be higher than those of a respirator wearer performing occupational work and could be considered upper limits. Testing respirators and respirator cartridges using a sinusoidal breathing pattern with a minute ventilation of 135 L/min (peak flow rate approximately 424 L/min) would encompass 99% of the recorded minute ventilations and 99.9% of the predicted peak and instantaneous flow rates from this study and would more accurately reflect human respiration during strenuous exercise. C1 USA, Edgewood CB Ctr, AMSSRD, ECB,RT,PR, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Coyne, K (reprint author), USA, Edgewood CB Ctr, AMSSRD, ECB,RT,PR, E5604,5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM karen.coyne@us.army.mil NR 40 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 3 IS 9 BP 490 EP 500 DI 10.1080/15459620600867807 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 072XX UT WOS:000239707600008 PM 16857648 ER PT J AU Fink, ML Stoneman, PD AF Fink, Michael L. Stoneman, Paul D. TI Deep vein thrombosis in an athletic military cadet SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE blood; pulmonary embolism; screening ID VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLIC DISEASE; PULMONARY-EMBOLISM; CLINICAL-PREDICTION; SEASONAL-VARIATION; LOWER-EXTREMITY; PRIMARY-CARE; BAKERS CYST; RISK-FACTOR; DIAGNOSIS; ULTRASONOGRAPHY AB Study Design: Resident's case problem. Background: A 21-year-old healthy athletic male military cadet with complaint of worsening diffuse left knee pain was evaluated 4 days after onset. The knee pain began 2 ours after completing a long car trip, worsened over the subsequent 3 days, and became almost unbearable during the return trip. The patient reported constant pain, limited knee motion, an] difficulty ambulating. In addition, he was unable to perform physical military training or attend academic classes due to the severe left knee pain. Past medical history revealed a mild left lateral calf strain 2 1/2 weeks prior, which completely resolved within 24 hours of onset. Diagnosis: Our physical examination led us to either monoarticular arthritis, pseudothrombophlebitis (ruptured Baker's cyst), or a lower leg deep vein thrombosis (DVT) as the cause of knee pain. Diagnostic imaging of this patient revealed a left superficial femoral vein thrombosis and popliteal DVT, with bilateral pulmonary emboli (PE). Discussion: A systematic differential diagnosis was undertaken to rule out a potentially fatal DVT diagnosis as the cause of knee pain, despite minimal DVT risk factors. The physical therapist in a direct-access setting must ensure timely evaluation and referral of a suspected DVT, even when patient demographics cause the practitioner to question the likelihood of this diagnosis. The physical examination findings, clinical suspicion, and established clinical prediction rules can accurately dictate the appropriate referral action necessary. C1 US Mil Acad, US Mil Baylor Univ Post Profess Phys Therapy Spor, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Fink, ML (reprint author), USAF Acad, Cadet Phys Therapy Clin, 4102 Pinion Dr,Suite 100, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Michael.fink@usafa.af.mil NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 36 IS 9 BP 686 EP 697 DI 10.2519/jospt.2006.2251 PG 12 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 083GQ UT WOS:000240444800008 PM 17017274 ER PT J AU Lamphear, JG Focht, DR AF Lamphear, James G. Focht, Dean R. TI Fifty years ago in the Journal of Pediatrics - Soiling in children due to chronic fecal impaction SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Lamphear, JG (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 149 IS 3 BP 377 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.07.022 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 085OB UT WOS:000240612300021 ER PT J AU Williams, AJ Bautista, CC Chen, RW Dave, JR Lu, XCM Tortella, FC Hartings, JA AF Williams, Anthony J. Bautista, Charisma C. Chen, Ren-Wu Dave, Jitendra R. Lu, Xi-Chun M. Tortella, Frank C. Hartings, Jed A. TI Evaluation of gabapentin and ethosuximide for treatment of acute nonconvulsive seizures following ischemic brain injury in rats SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID STATUS EPILEPTICUS; NEURONAL CULTURES; LOW-THRESHOLD; MODEL; OSCILLATIONS; DISCHARGES; THALAMUS; EFFICACY; SPIKE AB Acute seizures following brain injury have been associated with a worsening of patient outcome, but they are often undiagnosed and untreated when they occur without motor convulsions. Here, we sought to compare the antiseizure profile of ethosuximide (EXM; 125-312.5 mg/kg i.v.) and gabapentin (GBP; 0.3-50 mg/kg. i.v.) in a rat model of nonconvulsive seizures (NCS) induced by brain ischemia. Seizures were detected by continuous electroencephalographic monitoring for 24 h following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Both "preseizure" and "postseizure" treatment effects were evaluated. Control rats experienced a 91% incidence of NCS ( averaging 10-11 NCS/rat), which was significantly reduced following preseizure treatment ( delivered 20 min post-MCAo) with either EXM (ED50 = 161 mg/kg) or GBP (ED50 = 10.5 mg/kg). In contrast to preseizure treatment effects, only GBP reduced NCS when given after the first seizure event. A further, albeit nonsignificant, 20% reduction in NCS incidence was measured when given in combination postseizure. Drug treatment also reduced infarct volume, which was positively correlated to the number of NCS events ( r = 0.475; P < 0.001). EXM and GBP treatment of cultured neurons exposed to neurotoxic or ischemic insults showed no neuroprotective effects, suggesting that in vivo neuroprotection can be attributed to anti-seizure effects. We conclude that EXM and GBP significantly attenuate NCS in a dose-related manner and may help to improve patient outcome from brain ischemia-induced seizure activity. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Appl Neurobiol, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Williams, AJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Appl Neurobiol, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Room 2A40, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM anthony.williams@na.amedd.army.mil NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3995 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 318 IS 3 BP 947 EP 955 DI 10.1124/jpet.106.105999 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 075IT UT WOS:000239878900003 PM 16728590 ER PT J AU Jernajczyk, W Sobanska, A Marczak, M Maciejewski, A Latka, M West, B Pokorski, M AF Jernajczyk, W. Sobanska, A. Marczak, M. Maciejewski, A. Latka, M. West, B. Pokorski, M. TI THE INFLUENCE OF ACUTE PROGRESSIVE HYPOXIA ON BIOELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN SO JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anxiety; cortical function; EEG; hypoxia; Lempel-Ziv complexity; ventilation ID QUANTITATIVE EEG; HYPERVENTILATION; COMPLEXITY; CAT AB Hypoxia, a noxious and hyperventilatory stimulus and a modifier of neuronal metabolism, could influence cortical function. In this study we attempted to assess any such influence, its determinants, and particularly the role in it of the accompanying hypoxic emotional distress. We addressed the issue by examining the associations among EEG, ventilation, and anxiety during progressive poikilocapnic hypoxia (end-point SaO(2)approximate to 75%) in 12 awake healthy volunteers (mean age 27.5 +/- 0.7 yr). All subjects hyperventilated in response to hypoxia and 3 of them had a high level of anticipatory anxiety that forced one person to discontinue the test. We failed to show any major effect of hypoxia on the EEG pattern analyzed by visual inspection or wavelet power spectra. Therefore, no relationship between the ventilatory and cortical activity responses to hypoxia could be established. Cortical bioelectrical activity. C1 [Marczak, M.; Pokorski, M.] Polish Acad Sci, Med Res Ctr, Dept Resp Res, PL-02106 Warsaw, Poland. [Jernajczyk, W.; Sobanska, A.] Inst Psychiat & Neurol, Dept Clin Neurophysiol, Warsaw, Poland. [Maciejewski, A.; Latka, M.] Wroclaw Univ Technol, Inst Phys, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. [West, B.] USA, Res Off, Math & Informat Sci Directorate, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Pokorski, M (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Med Res Ctr, Dept Resp Res, Pawinskiego 5 St, PL-02106 Warsaw, Poland. EM mpokorski@cmdik.pan.pl FU Ministry of Education and Science [2P05A 12229] FX This study was supported in part by the Ministry of Education and Science (Grant 2P05A 12229). NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU POLISH PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI GRZEGORZECKA PA JAGIELLONIAN UNIV SCHOOL MED, INST PHYSIOLOGY, 31-531 KRAKOW, 16 GRZEGORZECKA, POLAND SN 0867-5910 J9 J PHYSIOL PHARMACOL JI J. Physiol. Pharmacol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 57 SU 4 BP 165 EP 174 PG 10 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA V19QW UT WOS:000208087900020 PM 17072043 ER PT J AU Windhorn, RJ Gunnell, TR AF Windhorn, Richard J. Gunnell, Thomas R. TI A simple open-tray implant impression technique SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article C1 USA, Prosthodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP Windhorn, RJ (reprint author), 1412 Andover Ct, Evans, GA 30809 USA. EM richard.windhorn@amedd.army.mil NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 96 IS 3 BP 220 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.prosdent.2006.07.009 PG 2 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 091QL UT WOS:000241043300011 PM 16990075 ER PT J AU Chen, YY Koenig, HG AF Chen, Yung Y. Koenig, Harold G. TI Traumatic stress and religion: Is there a relationship? A review of empirical findings SO JOURNAL OF RELIGION & HEALTH LA English DT Review DE religion; spirituality; trauma; PTSD; review ID DISORDER; VETERANS; BELIEFS; SAMPLE; FAITH AB Based on a history of close conceptual link, empirical studies are beginning to accumulate that investigate the relationship between trauma and religion. A review of empirical studies that examined the relationship between religion/spirituality and PTSD showed mixed findings (n = 11). Though the direction of association varied among studies, all but one study reported significant associations between the two. Factors that might have contributed to the mixed findings are discussed (e.g., measurements, research design). Overall, these results appear to be encouraging toward confirming the conceptual link between religion and trauma. Further research investigating the direction of causation and possible moderators of the association may contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between trauma and religion. RP Chen, YY (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM yychen@duke.edu RI Koenig, Harold/F-7379-2011 NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC-HUMAN SCIENCES PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0022-4197 J9 J RELIG HEALTH JI J. Relig. Health PD FAL PY 2006 VL 45 IS 3 BP 371 EP 381 DI 10.1007/s10943-006-9040-y PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Religion SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Religion GA 082VZ UT WOS:000240416600006 ER PT J AU Jernajczyk, J Latka, M Jernajczyk, W West, BJ AF Jernajczyk, J. Latka, M. Jernajczyk, W. West, B. J. TI Wavelet detection of sleep spindles SO JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Congress of the European-Sleep-Research-Society CY SEP 12-16, 2006 CL Innsbruck, AUSTRIA SP European Sleep Res Soc C1 Wroclaw Tech Univ, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. Inst Psychiat & Neurol, Sleep Disorders Ctr, Warsaw, Poland. USA, Res Off, Math & Informat Sci Directorate, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1105 J9 J SLEEP RES JI J. Sleep Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 15 SU 1 BP 243 EP 243 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 076NW UT WOS:000239966000674 ER PT J AU Russell, G Cayson, S Jones, M Carriger, W Mitchell, R Strobel, F Rembert, M Gibson, D AF Russell, Gerald Cayson, Stephen Jones, Mike Carriger, Wendy Mitchell, Robert Strobel, Forrest Rembert, Michael Gibson, Dave TI Laser window design for the army hypersonic compact kinetic energy missile SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Army is currently developing the compact kinetic energy missile, which achieves hypersonic velocities at sea level. A state-of-the-art guidance technique called the side-scatter laser beam rider has been developed that utilizes a 1.06-mu m laser to deliver an off-axis guidance link to the missile. Four rectangular side-looking optical windows are used on board the missile for the receivers. The peak flight velocity induces severe highly transient thermal gradients. To assess the effect of these gradients, detailed aerothermal and structural analysis followed by ground test experimental validation was conducted. The resulting window design utilized a Dynasil window (fused silica material fabricated by Meller Optics) along with Grafoil to constrain the window and eliminate gas paths to the laser receiver electronics as well as reduce dynamic effects with the metallic holder. The window design was then successfully validated during aerothermal testing conducted at the Naval Air Warfare Center T-Range Aerothermal Test Facility and ultimately flight-tested at Eglin Air Force Base. This paper will present a laser window design development process completed through flight testing to demonstrate window system performance. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, AMSRD AMR PS PI, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. USA, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, AMSRD AMR SG NC, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. ITT Ind Adv Engn Sci, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. Summit Res Corp, Engn Dev, Huntsville, AL 35802 USA. RP Russell, G (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, AMSRD AMR PS PI, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 982 EP 989 DI 10.2514/1.15168 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 101PQ UT WOS:000241753200005 ER PT J AU Hansen, JE Lord, CE Yang, LC Simpson, MM Orme, KS AF Hansen, J. E. Lord, C. E. Yang, L. C. Simpson, M. M. Orme, K. S. TI Effect of pin-to-case electrostatic discharge on electroexplosive device insulation resistance SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 39th Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 20, 2003 CL Huntsville, AL SP AIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE AB In the recent design and testing of the upgraded detonator used in the Titan IVB explosive bolt for jettison of expended strap-on solid rocket motors, it was determined that the 25-kV, 500 pF, pin-to-case electrostatic discharge test without the traditional 5-k Omega series resistor is a destructive test. After this test, pin-to-case insulation resistance in the detonator measured under the traditional 500 V could fail the 2-M Omega minimum requirement. An extensive investigation established a relationship between three phenomena: the electrostatic discharge, the insulation resistance, and the pin-to-case breakdown voltage. Several screening techniques were developed and verified. Parameters and designs for eliminating or reducing the failure were identified for future design of electroexplosive devices. C1 Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Titan Ordnance & Propuls, Denver, CO 80201 USA. Northrop Grumman Corp, Dept Engn, San Bernardino, CA 92402 USA. Aerosp Corp, Elect & Elect Syst Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. USA, Force Space & Missile Syst Ctr, Titan Mech Propuls Syst, SMC CLTE, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. Northrop Grumman Corp, Propuls Struct & Fluid Mech Tech Ctr, Missile Def Div, San Bernardino, CA 92402 USA. McCormick Selph Inc, Dept Engn, Hollister, CA 95024 USA. RP Hansen, JE (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Titan Ordnance & Propuls, POB 1799, Denver, CO 80201 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1084 EP 1092 DI 10.2514/1.5487 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 101PQ UT WOS:000241753200018 ER PT J AU Wang, GL Chew, WC White, MJ AF Wang, Gong Li Chew, Weng Cho White, Michael J. TI Coupled integral equations for sound propagation above a hard ground surface with trench cuttings SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID IMPEDANCE AB A set of coupled integral equations is formulated for the investigation of sound propagation from an infinitesimal harmonic line source above a hard ground surface corrugated with cuttings. Two half-space Green's functions are employed in the formulation. The first one defined for the upper half space is used to reduce the problem size and eliminate the edge effect resulting from the boundary truncation; the other one for the lower half space is to simplify the representation of the Neumann-Dirichlet map. As a result, the unknowns are only distributed over the corrugated part of the surface, which leads to substantial reduction in the size of the final linear system. The computational complexity of the Neumann-Dirichlet map is also reduced. The method is used to analyze the behavior of sound propagation above textured surfaces the impedance of which is expectedly altered. The effects of number and opening of trench cuttings, and the effect of source height are investigated. The conclusions drawn can be used for reference in a practical problem of mitigating gun blast noise. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Computat Electromagnet & Electromagnet Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Wang, GL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Computat Electromagnet & Electromagnet Lab, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Chew, Weng Cho/C-1792-2009; White, Michael/B-3612-2009 OI White, Michael/0000-0001-8450-9135 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 120 IS 3 BP 1209 EP 1216 DI 10.1121/1.2225997 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 083QU UT WOS:000240474100007 PM 17004443 ER PT J AU Loubeau, A Sparrow, VW Pater, LL Wright, WM AF Loubeau, Alexandra Sparrow, Victor W. Pater, Larry L. Wright, Wayne M. TI High-frequency measurements of blast wave propagation SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL-RELAXATION; SHOCK-WAVES; RISE TIMES; ATMOSPHERE; AIR AB Blast wave propagation measurements were conducted to investigate nonlinear propagation effects on blast waveform evolution with distance. Measurements were made with a wide-bandwidth capacitor microphone for comparison with conventional 3.175-mm (1/8-in.) microphones with and without baffles. It was found that the 3.175-mm microphone did not have sufficient high-frequency response to capture the actual rise times in some regions. For a source of 0.57 kg (1.25 lb) of C-4 plastic explosive, the trend observed is that nonlinear effects steepened the waveform, thereby decreasing the shock rise time, up to a range of 50 m. At 100 m, the rise times had increased slightly. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Penn State Univ, Grad Program Acoust, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Contruct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. Univ Texas, Appl Res Labs, Austin, TX 78713 USA. RP Loubeau, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Grad Program Acoust, 202 Appl Sci Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM aloubeau@gmail.com; vwsl@psu.edu; Larry.L.Pater@erdc.usace.army.mil; wwright@arlut.utexas.edu NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 120 IS 3 BP EL29 EP EL35 DI 10.1121/1.2234518 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 083QU UT WOS:000240474100061 PM 17004495 ER PT J AU Oh, RC Beresford, SAA Lafferty, WE AF Oh, Robert C. Beresford, Shirley A. A. Lafferty, William E. TI The fish in secondary prevention of heart disease (FISH) survey - Primary care physicians and omega 3 fatty acid prescribing behaviors SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; NUTRITION GUIDANCE; MEDITERRANEAN DIET; CLINICAL NUTRITION; FAMILY PHYSICIANS; OIL PREPARATIONS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL AB Purpose: Consumption of fish oil has been shown to reduce mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aims to determine the frequency and associations of dietary fish prescribing by family physicians. Methods: A 22-item survey mailed to randomly selected Washington State family physicians. Results: Nearly all agreed that nutrition is important in CVD prevention (99%) and felt that they have an essential role in giving dietary advice (92%). The majority (57%) knew of fish oil's effectiveness in secondary prevention of CVD. However, only 17% of respondents were identified as high fish prescribers. Knowledge of fish oil's benefit in sudden death reduction was associated with higher fish prescribers in bivariate ( P =.005) and multivariate analysis ( OR = 2.77; 95th CI: 1.32 to 5.82). High fish prescribers were more likely to report having sufficient time to discuss dietary therapies in bivariate ( P =.018) and multivariate analysis ( OR = 1.43; 95th CI: 1.03 to 1.98). Conclusions: Despite knowledge of fish oil's benefit and favorable attitudes toward nutritional therapy, family physicians infrequently recommend fish oils for their CVD patients. Strategies improving awareness of fish oil's effects on sudden death and reducing time barriers associated with dietary counseling should be explored further to increase recommendation of this important advice. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Oh, RC (reprint author), 3054 Ala Poha Pl 2101, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM roboh98@gmail.com NR 52 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER BOARD FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEXINGTON PA 2228 YOUNG DR, LEXINGTON, KY 40505 USA SN 1557-2625 J9 J AM BOARD FAM MED JI J. Am. Board Fam. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 19 IS 5 BP 459 EP 467 PG 9 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 080JG UT WOS:000240243200004 PM 16951295 ER PT J AU Lynch, JH Keneally, RJ Hustead, TR AF Lynch, James H. Keneally, Ryan J. Hustead, Thomas R. TI Horner's syndrome and trigeminal nerve palsy following epidural analgesia for labor SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANESTHESIA; OBSTETRICS; INFUSION AB Epidural analgesia is a widely used method of pain control in the labor and delivery setting but is not without risks. We present a case of Horner's syndrome and trigeminal nerve palsy as a rare complication of epidural analgesia in an obstetric patient. Although reported in few instances in the anesthesia literature, awareness among providers in obstetrics is critical because this could be the first sign of a high sympathetic blockade resulting in potential maternal-fetal morbidity. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Family Med, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesia, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Lynch, JH (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Family Med, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM james.h.lynch@us.army.mil NR 15 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER BOARD FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEXINGTON PA 2228 YOUNG DR, LEXINGTON, KY 40505 USA SN 1557-2625 J9 J AM BOARD FAM MED JI J. Am. Board Fam. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 19 IS 5 BP 521 EP 523 PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 080JG UT WOS:000240243200012 PM 16951303 ER PT J AU Hanly, E Herman, B Schenkman, N Taylor, R Talamini, M Meireles, O Shih, S Marohn, M AF Hanly, Eric Herman, Bany Schenkman, Noah Taylor, Russell Talamini, Mark Meireles, Ozanan Shih, Samuel Marohn, Michael TI Novel steroscopic information overlay enhances robotic endourology SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 61st Annual Session of the Surgical Forum 2006 Clinical Congress CY OCT 08-12, 2006 CL Chicago, IL C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 203 IS 3 SU S BP S94 EP S94 PG 1 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 082SF UT WOS:000240406800201 ER PT J AU McMullin, NR Wang, J Wolf, S Holcomb, J Wade, C AF McMullin, Neil R. Wang, Jingjing Wolf, Steven Holcomb, John Wade, Charlie TI Predictive model for intra-operative blood loss at initial excision and grafting in adult burn patients SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 61st Annual Session of the Surgical Forum 2006 Clinical Congress CY OCT 08-12, 2006 CL Chicago, IL C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 203 IS 3 SU S BP S56 EP S56 DI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.05.145 PG 1 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 082SF UT WOS:000240406800111 ER PT J AU Mittendorf, EA Storrer, C Shriver, C Peoples, G Ponniah, S AF Mittendorf, Elizabeth A. Storrer, Catherine Shriver, Craig Peoples, George Ponniah, Sathibalan TI Development of antibody-targeted peptide vaccines as novel reagents for combination immunotherapy in cancer patients SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 61st Annual Session of the Surgical Forum 2006 Clinical Congress CY OCT 08-12, 2006 CL Chicago, IL C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 203 IS 3 SU S BP S79 EP S79 DI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.05.207 PG 1 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 082SF UT WOS:000240406800167 ER PT J AU Varacalle, DJ Guillen, DP Deason, DM Rhodaberger, W Sampson, E AF Varacalle, Dominic J., Jr. Guillen, Donna Post Deason, Douglas M. Rhodaberger, William Sampson, Elliott TI Effect of grit-blasting on substrate roughness and coating adhesion SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bond strength; grit blasting; statistical design of experiments; substrate preparation; surface roughness; twin-wire electric arc AB Statistically designed experiments were performed to compare the surface roughness produced by grit blasting A36/1020 steel using different abrasives. Grit blast media, blast pressure, and working distance were varied using a Box-type statistical design of experiment (SDE) approach. The surface textures produced by four metal grits (HG16, HG18, HG25, and HG40) and three conventional grits (copper slag, coal slag, and chilled iron) were compared. Substrate roughness was measured using surface profilometry and correlated with operating parameters. The HG16 grit produced the highest surface roughness of all the grits tested. Aluminum and zinc-aluminum coatings were deposited on the grit-blasted substrates using the twin-wire electric arc (TWEA) process. Bond strength of the coatings was measured with a portable adhesion tester in accordance with ASTM standard D 4541. The coatings on substrates roughened with steel grit exhibit superior bond strength to those prepared with conventional grit. For aluminum coatings sprayed onto surfaces prepared with the HG16 grit, the bond strength was most influenced by current, spray distance, and spray gun pressure (in that order). The highest bond strength for the zinc-aluminum coatings was attained on surfaces prepared using the metal grits. C1 Vartech Inc, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL USA. Ervin Ind, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Praxair Tafa, Bow, NH USA. RP Varacalle, DJ (reprint author), Vartech Inc, Idaho Falls, ID USA. EM Donna.Guillen@inl.gov RI Guillen, Donna/B-9681-2017 OI Guillen, Donna/0000-0002-7718-4608 NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 12 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9630 J9 J THERM SPRAY TECHN JI J. Therm. Spray Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 BP 348 EP 355 DI 10.1361/105996306X124347 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 084GK UT WOS:000240520400007 ER PT J AU Convertino, VA Cooke, WH Holcomb, JB AF Convertino, Victor A. Cooke, William H. Holcomb, John B. TI Arterial pulse pressure and its association with reduced stroke volume during progressive central hypovolemia SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE blood pressure; hypovolemia; stroke volume; sympathetic nerve activity ID BODY NEGATIVE-PRESSURE; RESPIRATORY CHANGES; HUMANS; SHOCK; HYPOTENSION; MODEL; FLOW AB Background: The reduction of stroke volume (SV) during hemorrhage reflects the degree of blood loss, but accurate assessment of SV in bleeding patients in the field currently is not possible. In a previous pilot study, we reported that arterial pulse pressure and estimated sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in trauma patients who died of hemorrhagic injuries was significantly lower than that observed in patients who did not die. For the current study, we measured mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), SV, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in human subjects during progressive lower body negative pressure (LBNP) to test the hypothesis that a reduction in PP tracks the reduction of SV and change in MSNA during graded central hypovolemia in humans. Methods: After a 12-minute baseline data collection period, 13 men were exposed to LBNP at -15 mm Hg for 12 minutes followed by continuous stepwise increments to -30, -45, and -60 nun Hg for 12 minutes each. Results: Comparing baseline to -60 mm Hg chamber decompression, systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased (from 129 +/- 3.0 to 111 +/- 6.1 mm Hg; p = 0.005) and diastolic pressure was unchanged (78 +/- 3.0 versus 81 +/- 4.0 min Hg; p = 0.55). Pulse pressure decreased (from 50 +/- 2.5 to 29 +/- 4.0 mm Hg; p = 0.0001). LBNP caused linear reductions in PP and SV (from 125 +/- 9.2 to 47 +/- 6.4; r(2) = 0.99), and increases in MSNA (from 14 +/- 3.5 to 36 +/- 4.6 bursts/min(-1); r(2) = 0.96) without a significant change in MAP (r(2) = 0.28). PP was inversely correlated with MSNA (r(2) = 0.88) and positively correlated with SV (r(2) = 0.91). Conclusions: Reduced PP resulting from progressive central hypovolemia is a marker of reductions in SV and elevations in SNA. Therefore, when SBP is > 90 min Hg, PP may allow for early, noninvasive identification of volume loss because of hemorrhage and more accurate and timely triage. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Convertino, VA (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM victor.convertino@amedd.army.mil NR 27 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD SEP PY 2006 VL 61 IS 3 BP 629 EP 634 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000196663.34175.33 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 084YL UT WOS:000240570200027 PM 16966999 ER PT J AU Sutcliffe, J Munden, M AF Sutcliffe, Joseph Munden, Martha TI Sonographic diagnosis of multiple gastric duplication cysts causing gastric outlet obstruction in a pediatric patient SO JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; CHILDREN AB Enteric duplication cysts are uncommon congenital abnormalities that may be located anywhere along the course of the gastrointestinal tract, from the tongue to the anus. Gastric duplication cysts account for a small portion of all enteric duplications and are usually single cysts located along the greater curvature of the stomach.(1) These cysts typically have a mucosal lining of gastric epithelium surrounded by muscularis propria. The muscularis of the cysts arises from and is contiguous with the muscularis of the stomach, but the mucosa of the cysts usually does not communicate with the gastric lumen.(2) We report a case of multiple gastric duplication cysts in a young male patient, unusual because of their multiplicity and the unexpected histopathologic finding of fibrous, inflamed linings within the cysts, despite the sonographic appearance of typical gut mucosa. C1 San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX 78258 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Dept Radiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Sutcliffe, J (reprint author), San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, 17807 Rockside Dr, San Antonio, TX 78258 USA. EM josut@sbcglobal.net NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST ULTRASOUND MEDICINE PI LAUREL PA SUBSCRIPTION DEPT, 14750 SWEITZER LANE, STE 100, LAUREL, MD 20707-5906 USA SN 0278-4297 J9 J ULTRAS MED JI J. Ultrasound Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1223 EP 1226 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 080UC UT WOS:000240273000016 PM 16929026 ER PT J AU Delhon, G Tulman, ER Afonso, CL Lu, ZQ Becnel, JJ Moser, BA Kutish, GF Rock, DL AF Delhon, Gustavo Tulman, Edan R. Afonso, Claudio L. Lu, Zhiqiang Becnel, James J. Moser, Bettina A. Kutish, Gerald F. Rock, Daniel L. TI Genome of invertebrate iridescent virus type 3 (mosquito iridescent virus) SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RNA-POLYMERASE-II; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; BOMBYX-MORI NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS; RANAVIRUS FAMILY IRIDOVIRIDAE; LYMPHOCYSTIS DISEASE VIRUS; COMPLETE DNA-SEQUENCE; FROG VIRUS-3; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; INAEDES TAENIORHYNCHUS AB Iridoviruses (IVs) are classified into five genera: Iridovirus and Chloriridovirus, whose members infect invertebrates, and Ranavirus, Lymphocystivirus, and Megalocytivirus, whose members infect vertebrates. Until now, Chloriridovirus was the only IV genus for which a representative and complete genomic sequence was not available. Here, we report the genome sequence and comparative analysis of a field isolate of Invertebrate iridescent virus type 3 (IIV-3), also known as mosquito iridescent virus, currently the sole member of the genus Chloriridovirus. Approximately 20% of the 190-kbp IIV-3 genome was repetitive DNA, with DNA repeats localized in 15 apparently noncoding regions. Of the 126 predicted IIV-3 genes, 27 had homologues in all currently sequenced IVs, suggesting a genetic core for the family Iridoviridae. Fifty-two IIV-3 genes, including those encoding DNA topoisomerase II, NAD-dependent DNA ligase, SF1 helicase, IAP, and BRO protein, are present in IIV-6 (Chilo iridescent virus, prototype species of the genus Iridovirus) but not in vertebrate IVs, likely reflecting distinct evolutionary histories for vertebrate and invertebrate IVs and potentially indicative of genes that function in aspects of virus-invertebrate host interactions. Thirty-three IIV-3 genes lack homologues in other IVs. Most of these encode proteins of unknown function but also encode HV3-053L, a protein with similarity to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit 7; IIV3-044L, a putative serine/threonine protein kinase; and IIV3-080R, a protein with similarity to poxvirus Muff-like proteins. The absence of genes present in other IVs, including IIV-6; the lack of obvious colinearity with any sequenced IV; the low levels of amino acid identity of predicted proteins to IV homologues; and phylogenetic analyses of conserved proteins indicate that IIV-3 is distantly related to other IV genera. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32068 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Sch Vet Sci, Area Virol, RA-1427 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Excellence Vaccine Res, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USA, Vet Lab Europe, APO, AE 09180 USA. European Vet Lab, Dept Microbiol, D-66849 Landstuhl, Germany. Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. RP Delhon, G (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. EM gadelhon@uiuc.edu NR 98 TC 47 Z9 178 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 80 IS 17 BP 8439 EP 8449 DI 10.1128/JVI.00464-06 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 076CL UT WOS:000239934500014 PM 16912294 ER PT J AU Loucks, DP Stedinger, JR Stakhiv, EZ AF Loucks, Daniel P. Stedinger, Jery R. Stakhiv, Eugene Z. TI Individual and societal responses to natural hazards SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Loucks, DP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM DPL3@cornell.edu; jrs5@cornell.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 132 IS 5 BP 315 EP 319 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2006)132:5(315) PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 081DP UT WOS:000240297700001 ER PT J AU Stark, TD Choi, H Schroeder, PR AF Stark, Timothy D. Choi, Hangseok Schroeder, Paul R. TI Closure to "Settlement of dredged and contaminated material placement areas. II: Primary consolidation, secondary compression, and desiccation of dredged fill input parameters" by Timothy D. Stark, Hangseok Choi, and Paul R. Schroeder SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Korea Univ, Seoul 136713, South Korea. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Choi, H (reprint author), Korea Univ, Seoul 136713, South Korea. EM tstark@uiuc.edu; hchoi2@korea.ac.kr; Paul.R.Schroeder@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 132 IS 5 BP 424 EP 425 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2005)131:2(52) PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 075SF UT WOS:000239904800012 ER PT J AU Chretien, JP Blazes, DL Gaydos, JC Bedno, SA Coldren, RL Culpepper, RC Fyrauff, DJ Earhart, KC Mansour, MM Glass, JS Lewis, MD Smoak, BL Malone, JL AF Chretien, Jean-Paul Blazes, David L. Gaydos, Joel C. Bedno, Sheryl A. Coldren, Rodney L. Culpepper, Randall C. Fyrauff, David J. Earhart, Kenneth C. Mansour, Moustafa M. Glass, Jonathan S. D Lewis, Michael Smoak, Bonnie L. Malone, Joseph L. TI Experience of a global laboratory network in responding to infectious disease epidemics SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID PROTECTION; FEVER C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Chretien, JP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Jean-Paul.Chretien@na.amedd.army.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Chretien, Jean-Paul/0000-0001-8143-6823 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 6 IS 9 BP 538 EP 540 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70556-4 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 078JN UT WOS:000240099100002 PM 16931402 ER PT J AU Merrill, GA Rivera, VR Neal, DD White, J Poli, A AF Merrill, G. A. Rivera, V. R. Neal, D. D. White, J. Poli, M. A. TI Development of an electrochemiluminescence assay for detection and quantification of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin SO LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Houston, TX USA. USA, Integrated Toxicol Div, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. BioVeris Corp, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1522-7235 J9 LUMINESCENCE JI Luminescence PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 21 IS 5 BP 284 EP 285 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 105MV UT WOS:000242035200056 ER PT J AU Karpov, KA Lauermann, A Bergen, M Prall, M AF Karpov, Konstantin A. Lauermann, Andrew Bergen, Mary Prall, Michael TI Accuracy and precision of measurements of transect length and width made with a remotely operated vehicle SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; DEEP-WATER FISH; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; OIL PLATFORMS; SEA-FLOOR; CALIFORNIA; ASSEMBLAGES; ABUNDANCE; ROCKFISH AB Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) have been used to estimate the density of fish and invertebrates on strip transects. However, there is little published information about the accuracy and precision of measurements of transect length and width, a critical component of the density estimate. In this study we evaluate straight line constant velocity protocols, the accuracy and precision of estimates of transect length from ultra short baseline acoustic tracking and compare measurements of transect width based on sonar and lasers. When ROV tracking was compared to distances measured on sonar maps, the difference between linear tracked and mapped distance (ILDt-LDml) averaged 1.7 +/- 0.5 m. The error was not significantly different with distance. Our navigation protocols allowed us to maintain relatively constant heading and speed. Distance computed from velocity exceeded mapped distance by 2-4 m. The error was not significantly different with distance. Measurements of transect width made with lasers and sonar were comparable, particularly when the ROV was within 4 m of the substrate. Based on our data, ROV tracking can be used to measure transect length within 2 m. If tracking fails, distance can be estimated from velocity within 2-4 m. Sonar can be sued to measure transect width with considerable cost savings. C1 Calif Dept Fish & Game, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. RP Karpov, KA (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Game, 19160 S Harbor Dr, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. EM kkarpov@dfg.ca.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 40 IS 3 BP 79 EP 85 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 108XX UT WOS:000242273600012 ER PT J AU Cargill, JS Pecina, JA Gintert, L Skelton, D AF Cargill, J. Steve Pecina, Joseph A. Gintert, Lawrence Skelton, Donald TI Evaluation of NDT technologies for organic matrix composite testing SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article C1 Concurrent Technol Corp, Hobe Sound, FL 33455 USA. Concurrent Technol Corp, Largo, FL 33773 USA. USA, Corros Off, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Cargill, JS (reprint author), Concurrent Technol Corp, 8637 SE Sharon St, Hobe Sound, FL 33455 USA. EM cargill2@adelphia.net NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 64 IS 9 BP 857 EP + PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 082GC UT WOS:000240373700003 ER PT J AU Stahl, CE Borlongan, CV Szerlip, H Szerlip, M AF Stahl, Christine E. Borlongan, Cesar V. Szerlip, Harold Szerlip, Molly TI No pain, no gain - exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis associated with the performance enhancer herbal supplement ephedra SO MEDICAL SCIENCE MONITOR LA English DT Article DE ephedra; dietary supplement; exercise; drug abuse; creatinine ID WEIGHT-LOSS; ALKALOIDS; CAFFEINE; SAFETY; ADULTS AB Background: We describe a rare case of severe rhabdomyolysis provoked by ingestion of a performance-enhancer herbal supplement containing ephedra. Case Report: A healthy 21-Year-old Army soldier complained of "complete muscle failure" after collapsing at the end of Army Physical Fitness Test. The patient was found to be tachycardic and hypotensive, but his vital signs quickly stabilized after receiving sodium chloride in the ambulance. Physical examination of the patient, including a thorough neuromuscular exam, was unremarkable. Urine tested positive for rnyoglobin. Initial creatinine kinase was 426 U/L, which increased to a maximum creatinine kinase of 241,418 U/L by hospital day 6. The patient also developed acute renal failure secondary to pigment induced acute tubular necrosis. He was treated with bicarbonate-containing fluid. patient's creatinine kinase and renal function had normalized at one month follow-up. A muscle biopsy was negative for underlying neuromuscular disease. His past medical history was only notable for the patient having taken 2 tablets of an herbal supplement containing ephedra every day for a month leading to his physical fitness test. Conclusions: Rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuric renal failure associated with ephedra use are a very uncommon occurrence, but a significant clinical event that should be closely monitored due to rampant use by young adults of ephedra-containing dietary supplements. C1 Dwight S Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Neurol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Med, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Augusta VA Med Ctr, Augusta, GA USA. RP Stahl, CE (reprint author), Dwight S Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. EM christine.stahl@se.amedd.army.mil NR 15 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE, INC PI ALBERTSON PA 1125 WILLIS AVE, ALBERTSON, NY 11507 USA SN 1234-1010 J9 MED SCI MONITOR JI Med. Sci. Monitor PD SEP PY 2006 VL 12 IS 9 BP CS81 EP CS84 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 085YX UT WOS:000240641400013 PM 16940935 ER PT J AU Fuller, DH Loudon, P Schmaljohn, C AF Fuller, Deborah H. Loudon, Peter Schmaljohn, Connie TI Preclinical and clinical progress of particle-mediated DNA vaccines for infectious diseases SO METHODS LA English DT Article DE DNA vaccine; particle; mediated epidermal delivery; gene gun; nonhuman primate; swine; human clinical trial ID SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; INTRACELLULAR TARGETING STRATEGIES; PROTECTS NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; NUCLEIC-ACID IMMUNIZATION; EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; MUCOSAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; ANKARA BOOST REGIMEN; B SURFACE-ANTIGEN; GENE-GUN AB This review provides an overview of studies employing particle-mediated epidermal delivery (PMED) or the gene gun to administer DNA vaccines for infectious diseases in preclinical studies employing large animal models and in human clinical trials. It reviews the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of PMED DNA vaccines in nonhuman primates and swine and studies that have directly compared the effectiveness of PMED in these large animal models to existing licensed vaccines and intramuscular or intradermal delivery of DNA vaccines with a needle. Various clinical trials employing PMED have been completed and an overview of the immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of this approach in humans is described. Finally, efforts currently in progress for commercial development of particle-mediated DNA vaccines are discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Mol Genet & Biochem, Pittsburgh, PA 15238 USA. PowderMed Ltd, Oxford OX4 4GA, England. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Fuller, DH (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Mol Genet & Biochem, 260 Kappa Dr, Pittsburgh, PA 15238 USA. EM dfuller@pitt.edu NR 89 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 22 U2 59 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-2023 J9 METHODS JI Methods PD SEP PY 2006 VL 40 IS 1 BP 86 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.ymeth.2006.05.022 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 097QU UT WOS:000241463900010 PM 16997717 ER PT J AU Lucovsky, G Seo, H Fleming, LB Ulrich, MD Luning, J Lysaght, P Bersuker, G AF Lucovsky, G. Seo, H. Fleming, L. B. Ulrich, M. D. Luning, J. Lysaght, P. Bersuker, G. TI Intrinsic bonding defects in transition metal elemental oxides SO MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th European Symposium on the Reliability of Electron Devices, Failure Physics and Analysis CY OCT 03-06, 2006 CL Wuppertal, GERMANY ID STATES AB Gate dielectrics comprised of nanocrystalline HfO2 in gate stacks with thin SiO2/SiON interfacial transition regions display significant asymmetries with respect to trapping of Si substrate injected holes and electrons. Based on spectroscopic studies, and guided by ab initio theory, electron and hole traps in HfO2 and other transition metal elemental oxides are assigned to O-atom divacancies, clustered at internal grain boundaries. Three engineering solutions for defect reduction are identified: i) deposition of ultra-thin, < 2 nm, HfO2 dielectric layers, in which grain boundary formation is suppressed by effectively eliminating inter-primitive unit cell pi-bonding interactions, ii) chemically phase separated high HfO2 silicates in which inter-primitive unit cell p-bonding interactions are suppressed by the two nanocrystalline grain size limitations resulting from SiO2 inclusions, and iii) non-crystalline Zr/Hf Si oxynitrides without grain boundary defects. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Res Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Int Sematech, Austin, TX 78741 USA. RP Lucovsky, G (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM lucovsky@ncsu.edu NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0026-2714 J9 MICROELECTRON RELIAB JI Microelectron. Reliab. PD SEP-NOV PY 2006 VL 46 IS 9-11 SI SI BP 1623 EP 1628 DI 10.1016/j.microrel.2006.07.032 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 087XM UT WOS:000240776100038 ER PT J AU Welton, MD AF Welton, Mark D. TI Understanding Islamic law: From classical to contemporary SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Welton, MD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N STREET NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 60 IS 4 BP 822 EP 823 PG 2 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 120VQ UT WOS:000243114800036 ER PT J AU Lancaster, NF AF Lancaster, Nicholas F. TI Occupation law, sovereignty, and political transformation: Should the Hague Regulations and the Fourth Geneva Convention still be considered customary international law? SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article RP Lancaster, NF (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Criminal Law Dept, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 189 BP 51 EP 91 PG 41 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 192VF UT WOS:000248230800002 ER PT J AU Sennott, DJ AF Sennott, Daniel J. TI Cobra II: The inside story of the invasion and occupation of Iraq SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Legal Ctr & Sch, 55th Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Sennott, DJ (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Legal Ctr & Sch, 55th Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 189 BP 112 EP 120 PG 9 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 192VF UT WOS:000248230800004 ER PT J AU Murray, CK Yun, HC Roop, SA Hospenthal, DR Gourdine, E Dooley, DP AF Murray, Clinton K. Yun, Heather C. Roop, Stuart A. Hospenthal, Duane R. Gourdine, Emmett Dooley, David P. TI Bacteria recovered from patients admitted to a deployed US military hospital in Baghdad, Iraq SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Armed-Forces-Infectious-Disease-Society CY APR 05-08, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI SP Armed Forces Infect Dis Soc AB The predominant bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibilities were surveyed from a deployed, military, tertiary care facility in Baghdad, Iraq, serving U.S. troops, coalition forces, and Iraqis, from August 2003 through July 2004. We included cultures of blood, wounds, sputum, and urine, for a total of 908 cultures; 176 of these were obtained from U.S. troops. The bacteria most commonly isolated from U.S. troops were coagulase-negative staphylococci, accounting for 34% of isolates, Staphylococcus aureus (26%), and streptococcal species (11%). The 732 cultures obtained from the predominantly Iraqi population were Klebsiella pneumoniae (13%), Acinetobacter baumannii (11%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10%); coagulase-negative staphylococci represented 21% of these isolates. These differences in prevalence were all statistically significant, when compared in e analyses (p < 0.05). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated broad resistance among the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ft Bliss, TX 79920 USA. William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Bliss, TX 79920 USA. RP Murray, CK (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 9 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 5 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 171 IS 9 BP 821 EP 825 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 084LN UT WOS:000240534500003 ER PT J AU Murray, CK Roop, SA Hospenthal, DR Dooley, DP Wenner, K Hammock, J Taufen, N Gourdine, E AF Murray, Clinton K. Roop, Stuart A. Hospenthal, Duane R. Dooley, David P. Wenner, Kimberly Hammock, John Taufen, Neil Gourdine, Emmett TI Bacteriology of war wounds at the time of injury SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INFECTION AB Bacterial contamination of war wounds occurs either at the time of injury or during the course of therapy. Characterization of the bacteria recovered at the time of initial trauma could influence the selection of empiric antimicrobial agents used to prevent infection. In the spring of 2004, U.S. military casualties who presented to the 31st Combat Support Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq, with acute traumatic injuries resulting in open wounds underwent aerobic culture of their wounds to identify the bacteria colonizing the wounds. Forty-nine casualties with 61 separate wounds were evaluated. Wounds were located predominantly in the upper and lower extremities and were primarily from improvised explosive devices or mortars. Thirty wounds (49%) had bacteria recovered on culture, with 40 bacteria identified. Eighteen casualties (20 wounds) had undergone field medical therapy (irrigation and/or antimicrobial treatment); six of these had nine bacterial isolates on culture. Of the 41 wounds from 31 patients who had received no previous therapy, 24 grew 31 bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria (93%), mostly skin-commensal bacteria, were the predominant organisms identified. Only three Gram-negative bacteria were detected, none of which were characterized as broadly resistant to antimicrobial agents. The only resistant bacteria recovered were two isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Our assessment of war wound bacterioly soon after injury reveals a predominance of Gram-positive organisms of low virulence and pathogenicity. The presence of MRSA in wounds likely reflects the increasing incidence of community-acquired MRSA bacteria. These data suggest that the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics with efficacy against more resistant, Gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp., is unnecessary in early wound management. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Pulm & Crit Care Serv, Ft Bliss, TX 79920 USA. 31st Combat Support Hosp, Baghdad, Iraq. RP Murray, CK (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 12 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 5 U2 18 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 171 IS 9 BP 826 EP 829 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 084LN UT WOS:000240534500004 PM 17036599 ER PT J AU Vetter, RS Pagac, BB Reiland, RW Bolesh, DT Swanson, DL AF Vetter, Richard S. Pagac, Benedict B. Reiland, Ronald W. Bolesh, David T. Swanson, David L. TI Skin lesions in barracks: Consider community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection instead of spider bites SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BROWN RECLUSE SPIDERS; NECROTIC ARACHNIDISM; VERIFICATIONS; DIAGNOSIS; OUTNUMBER; OUTBREAK; PLAYERS AB Recent outbreaks of mysterious skin lesions on multiple personnel at several military facilities were initially blamed on spiders. Requests were made for pest inspection and control to remedy the situation. Greater scrutiny of the situation led to a hypothesis that instead of spiders, an infectious outbreak of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) should be investigated as the etiology. Subsequent culturing of the lesions on personnel at one facility confirmed this bacterial etiology. Barracks, as well as other close quarter military living conditions, are ripe environments for the establishment, persistence, and spread of CA-MRSA. Military medical personnel should consider CA-MRSA as a more likely etiologic agent than spider bites for cutaneous eruptions in which there are multiple lesions on one person or multiple patients with similar lesions. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. Med Dept Act, Kenner Army Hlth Clin, Ft Lee, VA 23801 USA. San Bernardino Cty Museum, Div Biol, Redlands, CA 92374 USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Dermatol, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA. RP Vetter, RS (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 171 IS 9 BP 830 EP 832 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 084LN UT WOS:000240534500005 ER PT J AU Bower, KS Donnelly, SJ Stutzman, RD Ward, TP Weber, E AF Bower, Kraig S. Donnelly, Steven J. Stutzman, Richard D. Ward, Thomas P. Weber, Eric TI Acanthamoeba keratitis in a US Army soldier after unauthorized use of contact lenses in the combat theater SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; DIAGNOSIS; RISK; INJURIES; WALES AB A 25-year-old active duty Army E-5 developed severe infectious keratitis in his left eye secondary to soft contact lens (CL) wear while deployed in Iraq, necessitating evacuation to Walter Reed Army Medical Center for further evaluation and treatment. Initial clinical examination at Walter Reed Army Medical Center was suggestive of Acanthamoeba keratitis, a serious corneal pathogen associated with CL wear. In vivo confocal microscopy demonstrated Acanthamoeba cysts in the epithelium and anterior stroma, and smears and cultures from an epithelial biopsy specimen confirmed the diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of Acanthamoeba keratitis in a soldier wearing CLs in the combat theater. Because of the inability to maintain proper lens hygiene in a combat or field environment, the risk of developing a potentially sight-threatening corneal infection is significant. This unfortunate case of a devastating eye infection serves as a reminder of the current Army policy, which prohibits the use of CLs during gas chamber exercises, field training, and combat. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Ophthalmol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Off Surg Gen, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Bower, KS (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 171 IS 9 BP 833 EP 837 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 084LN UT WOS:000240534500006 PM 17036601 ER PT J AU Buller, JL Wright, J Albright, TS Gehrich, AP Dunlow, SG Lettieri, CF Buller, JL AF Buller, Jerome L. Wright, Johnnie, Jr. Albright, Todd S. Gehrich, Alan P. Dunlow, Susan G. Lettieri, Christine F. Buller, Jerome L. TI Pelvic pain presenting in a combat environment SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Armed Forces District of the American-College-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY OCT 17-20, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Coll Obstet & Gynecologists, Armed Forces Dist ID PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; DESERT-STORM; WOMEN; CARE; MANAGEMENT AB Objective: The objective was to identify the incidence of pain disorders in the deployed female active duty population in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Methods: Retrospective chart review was completed on all patients who were seen for gynecologic services at Camp Doha, Kuwait, from September 2003 through March 2004. One thousand seven hundred thirty-seven patients were identified. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: Of the 1,737 patients seen during the study period, 150 patients were identified as having a pelvic pain disorder. These patients accounted for 14% of all patients seen for gynecologic services. Mean age was 28 +/- 8 years (range, 15-53 years). Pelvic pain of unclear etiology and cystitis were the most common diagnoses made accounting for 19% and 16% of encounters. Conclusions: Acute pelvic pain disorders can be effectively managed in the combat environment. Optimization of predeployment regimens for management of pain is strongly recommended. Consideration should be given to making soldiers with chronic pelvic pain disorders that fail to respond to predeployment medical management nondeployable. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. DeWitt Army Community Hosp, Dept Family Med, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Buller, JL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 171 IS 9 BP 841 EP 843 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 084LN UT WOS:000240534500008 ER PT J AU Blume, AW Gutierrez, CA Blume, AW Schmaling, KB Stoever, CJ Fonseca, C Russell, ML AF Blume, Arthur W. Gutierrez, Casey A. Blume, Arthur W. Schmaling, Karen B. Stoever, Colby J. Fonseca, Carol Russell, Michael L. TI Predictors of aversive alcohol consequences in a military sample SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SUBSTANCE USE; DRINKING; RISK; CONSUMPTION; PERSONNEL; PATTERNS; STRESS; WOMEN; CAGE; MEN AB The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of risky alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences among postdeployment soldiers. Demobilizing soldiers completed an assessment packet that included questions about demographic factors, relationships, stress, and alcohol-related consequences. Significant predictors of greater alcohol-related consequences, as assessed with the CAGE questionnaire, included fewer years of formal education, male gender, not being in an intimate relationship, racial/ethnic minority status, enlisted rank, having been deployed to the continental United States, and greater stress, whereas significant predictors of drinking and driving included male gender, not being in an intimate relationship, and greater stress. Identifying the predictors of alcohol consequences that occur upon demobilization may aid in determining which soldiers are at risk for such consequences before deployment and may help to maintain military readiness. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Psychol, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Univ N Carolina, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. USA, Med Dept Act, Dept Psychol, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. RP Blume, AW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Psychol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. RI Schmaling, Karen/F-5217-2011 OI Schmaling, Karen/0000-0003-2085-134X NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 4 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 171 IS 9 BP 870 EP 874 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 084LN UT WOS:000240534500014 ER PT J AU Dezee, KJ Berbano, EP Wilson, RL Rinaldo, JE AF DeZee, Kent J. Berbano, Elizabeth P. Wilson, Ramey L. Rinaldo, Jean E. TI Humanitarian assistance medicine: Perceptions of preparedness: A survey-based needs assessment of recent US Army internal medicine residency graduates SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Army Regional Meeting of the American-College-of-Physicians CY NOV 11-13, 2004 CL Crystal City, VA SP Amer Coll Physicians ID MISSIONS AB The U.S. military provides humanitarian assistance in many areas around the globe. With recent changes in the force structure of the U.S. Army, internal medicine physicians are now at the forefront of providing this care, but the extent of their involvement is not known. This study measured the frequency with which recently trained Army internists provided humanitarian assistance, and it assessed their perceived preparedness for such missions. All graduates from Army internal medicine programs for 4 consecutive years were invited by e-mail to participate in an Internet-based survey. Eighty-nine personnel (49% of those contacted) completed the survey. Of those in a deployable position for >6 months, 72% provided medical humanitarian assistance. Most thought that additional training was needed, especially in tropical disease management, sanitation, and the practices of civilian humanitarian workers. This study demonstrates that military-trained internists are frequently involved in humanitarian assistance medicine, and it suggests that they might benefit from additional training. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med Gen Internal Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Dezee, KJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med Gen Internal Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 171 IS 9 BP 885 EP 888 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 084LN UT WOS:000240534500017 PM 17036612 ER PT J AU Murray, CK Chinevere, TD Grant, E Johnson, GA Duelm, F Hospenthal, DR AF Murray, Clinton K. Chinevere, Troy D. Grant, Earl, Jr. Johnson, Gregory A. Duelm, Felix Hospenthal, Duane R. TI Prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in US Army personnel SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID G6PD DEFICIENCY; DEHYDROGENASE; CAUCASIANS; PRIMAQUINE; VARIANT AB The U.S. Army recently mandated that soldiers undergo glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) testing before deployment to malarious regions. We retrospectively characterize the presence and degree of G6PD deficiency in U.S. military personnel by sex, self-reported ethnicity, and World Health Organization deficiency classification through test results obtained October 1, 2004 through January 17, 2005. Data were available for 63,302 (54,874 males and 8,428 females) subjects; 2.5% of males and 1.6% of females were deficient, with most having only moderate enzyme deficiency. African American males (12.2%) and females (4.1%), along with Asian males (4.3%), had the highest rates of G6PD deficiency. Most males were found to have class HI variants while most females were class IV variants. The most severely deficient were Asian males (class II). These results suggest that universal screening for G6PD deficiency is clinically warranted, and particularly essential for those male service members who self-report ethnicity as African American, Asian, or Hispanic. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Murray, CK (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 17 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 171 IS 9 BP 905 EP 907 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 084LN UT WOS:000240534500021 ER PT J AU Grace, MB Muderhwa, JM Salter, CA Blakely, WF AF Grace, Marcy B. Muderhwa, Jean M. Salter, Charles A. Blakely, William F. TI Use of a centrifuge-based automated blood cell counter for radiation dose assessment SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PCR ASSAY; BIODOSIMETRY; ACCIDENTS; EXPOSURE AB Hematological changes create early-response biomarkers for assessing radiation doses. Existing dose-prediction models are based on serial blood lymphocyte counts after acute whole-body exposure to gamma-radiation. Measurements of lymphocyte-depletion kinetics after possible exposures are useful for triaging patients and managing medical resources. The small-footprint QBC Autoread Plus System provides cost-effective hematological analyses with reproducibility, accuracy, and a broad dynamic range. QBC analysis measures centrifugally packed, whole blood cells in microhematocrit tubes and reports pooled lymphocyte and monocyte counts. Our objective was to modify this procedure to report pure lymphocyte counts for radiation biodosimetry applications. The CD14 antigen is strongly expressed on most human monocytes. Using anti-CD14-coated Dynabeads, we have devised a rapid method for depleting monocytes from whole blood without altering the lymphocyte viability or count. This simple dry procedure provides reliable lymphocyte counts for results that fall within the normal lymphocyte count range (1-4 X 10(9) cells per L) for radiation exposure assessment using lymphocyte-depletion kinetics. C1 Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Biol Dosimetry Team, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Eisenhower Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP Grace, MB (reprint author), Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Biol Dosimetry Team, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 171 IS 9 BP 908 EP 912 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 084LN UT WOS:000240534500022 PM 17036617 ER PT J AU Furusato, B Rosner, I Osborn, D Cullen, J Chen, YM Sesterhenn, I Davis, CJ McLeod, DG AF Furusato, B. Rosner, Inger Osborn, David Cullen, Jennifer Chen, Yongmei Sesterhenn, Isabell Davis, C. J. McLeod, David G. TI The relationship of preoperative PSA levels to prostatic weight and tumor size SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th International Congress of the International-Academy-of-Pathology CY SEP 16-21, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Acad Pathol, United States & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 AFIP, Washington, DC USA. WRAMC, Washington, DC USA. CPDR, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 19 SU 3 MA 368 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 077AF UT WOS:000239999400369 ER PT J AU Richter, E Moncur, J McLeod, DG Sesterhenn, I AF Richter, Eric Moncur, Joel McLeod, David G. Sesterhenn, Isabell TI Does labeling of prostate biopsies in a site specific manner improve margin rate at radical prostatectomy as compared to labeling grouped by side only SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th International Congress of the International-Academy-of-Pathology CY SEP 16-21, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Acad Pathol, United States & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 19 SU 3 MA 392 BP 87 EP 87 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 077AF UT WOS:000239999400393 ER PT J AU Chen, YQ Jirage, D Caridha, D Kathcart, AK Cortes, EA Dennull, RA Geyer, JA Prigge, ST Waters, NC AF Chen, Yueqin Jirage, Dayadevi Caridha, Diana Kathcart, April K. Cortes, Edison A. Dennull, Richard A. Geyer, Jeanne A. Prigge, Sean T. Waters, Norman C. TI Identification of an effector protein and gain-of-function mutants that activate Pfmrk, a malarial cyclin-dependent protein kinase SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; malaria; cell cycle; CDK; Pfmrk; PfPK5; kinase; inhibitor; MAT1 ID PARASITE PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; IIC-TERMINAL DOMAIN; RING FINGER PROTEIN; CELL-CYCLE; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; CDC2-RELATED KINASE; CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; STRUCTURAL BASIS; DRUG-RESISTANCE AB Cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are key regulators of cell cycle control. In humans, CDK7 performs dual roles as the CDK activating kinase (CAK) responsible for regulating numerous CDKs and as the RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) kinase involved in the regulation of transcription. Binding of an effector protein, human MAT1, stimulates CDK7 kinase activity and influences substrate specificity. In Plasmodium falciparum, CDKs and their roles in regulating growth and development are poorly understood. In this study, we characterized the regulatory mechanisms of Pfmrk, a putative homolog of human CDK7. We identified an effector, PfMAT1, which stimulates Pfmrk kinase activity in a cyclin-dependent manner. The addition of PfMAT1 stimulated RNA polymerase II CTD phosphorylation and had no effect on the inability of Pfmrk to phosphorylate PfPK5, a putative CDK1 homolog, which suggests that Pfmrk may be a CTD kinase rather than a CAK. In an attempt to abrogate the requirement for PfMAT1 stimulation, we mutated amino acids within the active site of Pfmrk. We found that two independent mutants, S138K and F143L, yielded a 4-10-fold increase in Pfmrk activity. Significant kinase activity of these mutants was observed in the absence of either cyclin or PfMAT1. Finally, we observed autophosphorylation of Pfmrk that is unaffected by the addition of either cyclin or PfMAT1. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Parasitol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Malaria Res Inst, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Waters, NC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Parasitol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM norman.waters@na.amedd.army.mil NR 68 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 149 IS 1 BP 48 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.04.004 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 071BI UT WOS:000239571600006 PM 16737745 ER PT J AU Proctor, SP Friedl, KE AF Proctor, Susan P. Friedl, Karl E. TI Overview: Neurotoxicant exposures in military deployments and.putative associations with neurodegenerative diseases. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Res Triangle Park, NC SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res C1 USA, Res Inst Environm Med, Natick, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 SI SI BP 885 EP 885 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 082SZ UT WOS:000240408800053 ER PT J AU Haskell, CA Baxter, RD Tiffan, KF AF Haskell, Craig A. Baxter, Rex D. Tiffan, Kenneth F. TI Range expansion of an exotic Siberian prawn to the lower Snake river SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUBYEARLING CHINOOK SALMON; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; COLUMBIA RIVER; SHRIMP; INVASION; RESERVOIR; DECAPODA; ESTUARY; ECOLOGY; SUCCESS C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. RP Haskell, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. EM Craig_Haskell@usgs.gov OI Tiffan, Kenneth/0000-0002-5831-2846 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 80 IS 4 BP 311 EP 316 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 135LB UT WOS:000244154000010 ER PT J AU Matchko, RM Gerhart, GR AF Matchko, Roy M. Gerhart, Grant R. TI Rapid 4-Stokes parameter determination using a motorized rotating retarder SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE polarization; polarimetry; Stokes parameters; visual polarization; digital imaging; image acquisition/recording; image processing ID POLARIMETER; CAMERA AB A motorized rotating retarder, a linear polarizer, and a digital camcorder are used to obtain polarization profiles of natural daylight scenes. A correlation technique synchronizes real-time video frames with respect to the rotating retarder's fast axis. Polarization parameters are calculated for each red-green-blue (RGB) channel and scene pixel. Extending the quasimonochromatic approximation to larger bandwidths is solved by expressing the Stokes parameters explicitly as functions of wavelength. A detailed numerical analysis examines errors due to ill-conditioning effects that are associated with specific relative angular orientations of the optical components. A comparison of the theoretical results with empirical data from the digital camcorder provides a validation process for the results in this paper. A RGB pseudocolor encoding algorithm provides a means to visualize the polarization imagery. An ellipticity study was conducted during the early morning hours when scene lighting conditions change rapidly. A comparison of the results from a digital still camera, using a 30-s data acquisition time period, was made with respect to a 0.6-s time period for the rotating retarder configuration. The results clearly show that errors due to temporal registration effects are dramatically reduced as the time interval between images goes to zero. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Battelle Sci Serv Program, Payson, AZ 85541 USA. USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Matchko, RM (reprint author), Battelle Sci Serv Program, 1307 W Remuda Way, Payson, AZ 85541 USA. EM rmatchko@cybertrails.com; grant.gerhart@us.army.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 45 IS 9 AR 098002 DI 10.1117/1.2345180 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 100JY UT WOS:000241665800043 ER PT J AU Brietzke, SE Mair, EA AF Brietzke, Scott E. Mair, Eric A. TI Acoustical analysis of snoring: Can the probability of success be predicted? SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID UVULOPALATOPLASTY; SLEEP AB PURPOSE: Palatal flutter snoring is the most common form of snoring. However, other types of snoring do exist. Does identifying palatal snoring beforehand translate into improved subjective treatment success with palatal stiffening procedures? METHODS: Fifty-three patients presenting with snoring were evaluated with a commercially available device. The proportion (%) and magnitude of palatal flutter (0) were quantified. Patients then underwent a palatal stiffening procedure and subjective success/failure was assessed. RESULTS: Overall subjective treatment success was 85% (45 of 53). The percent palatal flutter was the most predictive of success (area under ROC = 0.8556, 95% CI = .7428-.9683). Patients exceeding 68% palatal flutter had a 95% (39 of 41) success rate (P = 0.001, Fisher's exact) and an adjusted odds ratio of treatment success of 25.2 (95% CI = 3.22-196, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Palatal stiffening treatments are successful in the majority of patients. However, identifying patients with predominant palatal flutter snoring significantly increases the probability of subjective treatment success. EBM rating: B-2b (C) 2006 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Charlotte EENT Associates, Charlotte, NC USA. RP Brietzke, SE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM sebrietzke@msn.com NR 8 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 135 IS 3 BP 417 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.03.042 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 082FF UT WOS:000240371400014 PM 16949975 ER PT J AU Kaneko, O Templeton, TJ Iriko, H Tachibana, M Otsuki, H Takeo, S Sattabongkot, J Torii, M Tsuboi, T AF Kaneko, Osamu Templeton, Thomas J. Iriko, Hideyuki Tachibana, Mayumi Otsuki, Hitoshi Takeo, Satoru Sattabongkot, Jetsumon Torii, Motomi Tsuboi, Takafumi TI The Plasmodium vivax homolog of the ookinete adhesive micronemal protein, CTRP SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium vivax; ookinete; CTRP; von Willebrand factor A domain ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; GLIDING MOTILITY; EIMERIA-TENELLA; A-DOMAIN; SEQUENCE; GENE; MOSQUITO; FALCIPARUM AB The Plasmodium circumsporozoite protein/thrombospondin-related anonymous protein-related protein (CTRP) is expressed at the mosquito midgut ookinete stage and is considered to be a transmission-blocking vaccine candidate. CTRP is composed of multiple von Willebrand factor A (vWA) and thrombospondin type I domains in the extracellular portion of the molecule, and a short acidic cytoplasmic domain that interacts with the actomyosin machinery. As a means to predict functionally relevant domains within CTRP we determined the nucleotide sequences of CTRP from the Plasmodium vivax Sall and the Plasmodium yoelii 17XL strains and characterized the conservation of domain architectures and motifs across Plasmodium genera. Sequence alignments indicate that the CTRP 1st to 4th vWA domains exhibit greater conservation, and thereby are perhaps functionally more important than the 5th and 6th domains. This point should be considered for the development of a transmission-blocking vaccine that includes CTRP recombinant subunit. To complement previous cellular studies on CTRP, we further determined the expression and cellular localization of CTRP protein in R vivax and P. yoelii. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ehime Univ, Cell Free Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. Ehime Univ, Venture Business Lab, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. Ehime Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Parasitol, Toon, Ehime 7910295, Japan. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Tsuboi, T (reprint author), Ehime Univ, Cell Free Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. EM tsuboi@ccr.ehime-u.ac.jp NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1383-5769 J9 PARASITOL INT JI Parasitol. Int. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 55 IS 3 BP 227 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2006.04.003 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 081IU UT WOS:000240311800012 PM 16822707 ER PT J AU O'Meara, WP Remich, S Ogutu, B Lucas, M Mtalib, R Obare, P Oloo, F Onoka, C Osoga, J Ohrt, C McKenzie, FE AF O'Meara, Wendy Prudhomme Remich, Shon Ogutu, Bernhards Lucas, Martin Mtalib, Ramadan Obare, Peter Oloo, Frederick Onoka, Caroline Osoga, Joseph Ohrt, Colin McKenzie, F. Ellis TI Systematic comparison of two methods to measure parasite density from malaria blood smears SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPY AB This study was designed to directly compare the accuracy, reproducibility, and efficiency of three methods commonly used to measure blood-stage malaria parasite density from Giemsa-stained blood films. Parasites and white blood cells (WBCs) were counted in 154 thick films by two independent microscopists. Forty-six slides were read by counting parasitized red blood cells (RBCs) in the thin film. Using these same slides, parasites were again counted by two independent microscopists using an ocular grid. Overall, parasite densities were significantly lower and discrepancy between readers was higher when using the grid method compared to the WBC method, but there was no difference when compared to the RBC method. When one reader who had difficulty with the grid method was excluded, the discrepancy between readers was equivalent for the three methods. Densities and discrepancy between readers were indistinguishable when parasites were counted until 200 or 500 WBCs. Counting beyond 200 WBCs may not significantly improve parasite density measurements. Using an ocular grid directly measures parasites per volume rather than using a WBC per microliter conversion factor and eliminates the need to switch from the thick film to the thin film for high parasitemias. However, significant differences in densities measured by the grid method and the WBC method need to be evaluated. C1 NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Med Res Unti Kenya, Clin Res Ctr, USA,Walter Reed Project,Malaria Micrsocopy Ctr Ex, Kisumu, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Dis Control, Kisumu, Kenya. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP O'Meara, WP (reprint author), NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM prudhomw@mail.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 TW999999] NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 99 IS 4 BP 500 EP 504 DI 10.1007/s00436-006-0135-x PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 084SQ UT WOS:000240555100032 PM 16572338 ER PT J AU Koch, B Goold, A Egelhoff, J Benton, C AF Koch, Bernadette Goold, Amy Egelhoff, John Benton, Corning TI Partial absence of the posterior semicircular canal in Alagille syndrome: CT findings SO PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE congenital anomaly; temporal bone; Alagille syndrome ID JAGGED1; LIGAND AB We report a case of bilateral partial absence of the posterior semicircular canals (with normal lateral semicircular canals) imaged with CT in a patient with Alagille syndrome. Similar histologic findings have been reported in the pathology literature. This association has been previously reported only for Waardenburg syndrome in the imaging literature. We review the imaging findings and embryology of the semicircular canals, and suggest that this abnormality is specific to patients with Alagille or Waardenburg syndrome. C1 Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Koch, B (reprint author), Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM Bernadette.Koch@cchmc.org NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0301-0449 J9 PEDIATR RADIOL JI Pediatr. Radiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 36 IS 9 BP 977 EP 979 DI 10.1007/s00247-006-0230-2 PG 3 WC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 071HU UT WOS:000239591400013 PM 16761118 ER PT J AU Chen, LY McKenna, T Reisner, A Reifman, J AF Chen, Liangyou McKenna, Thomas Reisner, Andrew Reifman, Jaques TI Algorithms to qualify respiratory data collected during the transport of trauma patients SO PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE respiratory rate qualification; breath identification; waveform qualification; ambiguous breath; moving average; noisy waveform ID SLEEP-APNEA; IMPEDANCE PNEUMOGRAPHY; SINUS ARRHYTHMIA; VENTILATION; SCORE; PLETHYSMOGRAPHY; INJURY; SIGNAL; RHYTHM AB We developed a quality indexing system to numerically qualify respiratory data collected by vital-sign monitors in order to support reliable post-hoc mining of respiratory data. Each monitor-provided (reference) respiratory rate (RRR) is evaluated, second-by-second, to quantify the reliability of the rate with a quality index (QIR). The quality index is calculated from: (1) a breath identification algorithm that identifies breaths of 'typical' sizes and recalculates the respiratory rate (RRC); (2) an evaluation of the respiratory waveform quality (QIW) by assessing waveform ambiguities as they impact the calculation of respiratory rates and (3) decision rules that assign a QIR based on RRR, RRC and QIW. RRC, QIW and QIR were compared to rates and quality indices independently determined by human experts, with the human measures used as the 'gold standard', for 163 randomly chosen 15 s respiratory waveform samples from our database. The RRC more closely matches the rates determined by human evaluation of the waveforms than does the RRR (difference of 3.2 +/- 4.6 breaths min(-1) versus 14.3 +/- 19.3 breaths min(-1), mean +/- STD, p < 0.05). Higher QI(W) is found to be associated with smaller differences between calculated and human-evaluated rates (average differences of 1.7 and 8.1 breaths min(-1) for the best and worst QI(W), respectively). Establishment of QIW and QIR, which ranges from 0 for the worst-quality data to 3 for the best, provides a succinct quantitative measure that allows for automatic and systematic selection of respiratory waveforms and rates based on their data quality. C1 USA, Med Res & Mat Command, ATTN MCMR ZB T, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, MGH, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Chen, LY (reprint author), USA, Med Res & Mat Command, ATTN MCMR ZB T, Bldg 363,Miller Dr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM lchen@bioanalysis.org; tmckenna@bioanalysis.org; andrewtreisner@yahoo.com; jaques.reifman@us.army.mil NR 38 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0967-3334 J9 PHYSIOL MEAS JI Physiol. Meas. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 9 BP 797 EP 816 DI 10.1088/0967-3334/27/9/004 PG 20 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Physiology SC Biophysics; Engineering; Physiology GA 078DI UT WOS:000240081300004 PM 16868347 ER PT J AU Sliney, DH Wengraitis, S AF Sliney, DH Wengraitis, S TI Is a differentiated advice by season and region necessary? SO PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop of the International-Commission-on-Non-Ionizing Radiation-Protection CY OCT 17-18, 2005 CL Munich, GERMANY SP Int Commission Non-Ionizing Radiat Protect DE seasonal; ultraviolet; sunlight; vitamin D ID SUN PROTECTION; VITAMIN-D; SHADOW RULE; UV EXPOSURE; HUMAN-SKIN; SUNLIGHT; CANCER AB The ultraviolet radiation component in the solar spectrum varies greatly with season. In the summer, the significant short-wavelength (UV-B) radiation at midday can produce erythema in sensitive skin in less than 20min in middle latitudes, and yet in winter months, the same midday exposure dose would require hours of exposure. The challenge for public health authorities is to provide simple, understandable messages for sensitive individuals to limit excessive exposure at appropriate times of the day during spring and summer months and yet not to take needless precautions or limit exposure during fall and winter months at mid and circumpolar latitudes. The appropriate exposure for beneficial effects is not possible to achieve at many latitudes during winter months, but is readily achieved in summer months. Simple messages should be tailored to the local times of day, reflecting the locale and season. One simple means to communicate the relative UV-B exposure relates to the length of one's shadow (the "Shadow Rule"). Further challenges are presented when apparently mixed messages would be justified for different skin phototypes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Laser Opt Radiat Program, Gunpowder, MD 21010 USA. RP Sliney, DH (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Laser Opt Radiat Program, Gunpowder, MD 21010 USA. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6107 J9 PROG BIOPHYS MOL BIO JI Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 92 IS 1 BP 150 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.007 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 060EW UT WOS:000238786200020 PM 16682072 ER PT J AU Ritchie, EC Benedek, D Malone, R Carr-Malone, R AF Ritchie, Elspeth Cameron Benedek, David Malone, Ricky Carr-Malone, Rosemary TI Psychiatry and the military: An update SO PSYCHIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Since September 11, 2001, rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other psychological and physical consequences of war are increasing in military service members, which impacts the legal and disability system. Military forensic psychiatrists currently serve in the Army, Navy, and Air Force. This article discusses issues unique to the military, such as military law, the courts-martial system, the disability system, malingering, and psychological autopsies of soldiers. C1 USA, Surgeon Gen Off, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Inpatient Psychiat Natl Naval Med Ctr, Adult Impatient Psychiat Ward, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Ritchie, EC (reprint author), USA, Surgeon Gen Off, 5109 Skyline Pike,Skyline 6,Room 684, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. EM elspeth.ritchie@amedd.army.mil NR 12 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0193-953X J9 PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM JI Psychiatr. Clin. North Amer. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 29 IS 3 BP 695 EP + DI 10.1016/j.psc.2006.04.008 PG 14 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 091RV UT WOS:000241046900006 PM 16904506 ER PT J AU Adams, GB Balfour, DL Reed, GE AF Adams, Guy B. Balfour, Danny L. Reed, George E. TI Abu Ghraib, administrative evil, and moral inversion: The value of "putting cruelty first" SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Article AB The torture and abuse of detainees at Abu Ghraib prison and at other sites in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Cuba raise disturbing questions that have few, if any, easy answers. Were these intentionally evil acts committed by a few bad apples who took advantage of the power they wielded over the detainees? Or were they cases of administrative evil in which the obvious evil of torture and abuse was masked from the perpetrators, including those who performed subsidiary and supportive functions? The more fundamental question is, are torture and abuse always wrong? How close did the United States come to moral inversion in this case? Judith Shklar's concept of "putting cruelty first" aids our understanding of this case and points toward a trajectory that could help prevent future moral inversions and administrative evil. C1 Univ Missouri, Harry S Truman Sch Publ Affairs, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Grand Valley State Univ, Sch Publ & Nanprofit Adm, Grand Rapids, MI USA. USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Adams, GB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Harry S Truman Sch Publ Affairs, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM adams@missouri.edu; balfourd@gvsu.edu; george.reed@carlisle.army.mil NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0033-3352 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN REV JI Public Adm. Rev. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 66 IS 5 BP 680 EP 693 DI 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00633.x PG 14 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 082ED UT WOS:000240368600004 ER PT J AU Murphey, MD Gibson, MS Jennings, BT Crespo-Rodriguez, AM Fanburg-Smith, J Gajewski, DA AF Murphey, Mark D. Gibson, Michael S. Jennings, Bryan T. Crespo-Rodriguez, Ana M. Fanburg-Smith, Julie Gajewski, Donald A. TI Imaging of synovial sarcoma with radiologic-pathologic correlation SO RADIOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article ID SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMAS; PROGNOSTIC-FACTORS; HIGH-GRADE; NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS; SINGLE INSTITUTION; HISTOLOGIC TYPES; ONCOLOGY GROUP; MR FINDINGS; FEATURES AB Synovial sarcoma is the fourth most common type of soft-tissue sarcoma, accounting for 2.5% - 10.5% of all primary soft-tissue malignancies worldwide. Synovial sarcoma most often affects the extremities (80% - 95% of cases), particularly the knee in the popliteal fossa, of adolescents and young adults ( 15 - 40 years of age). Despite its name, the lesion does not commonly arise in an intraarticular location but usually occurs near joints. Histologic subtypes include monophasic, biphasic, and poorly differentiated; the cytogenetic aberration of the t(X; 18) translocation is highly specific for synovial sarcoma. Although radiographic features of these tumors are not pathognomonic, findings of a soft-tissue mass, particularly if calcified (30%), near but not in a joint of a young patient, are very suggestive of the diagnosis. Cross-sectional imaging features are vital for staging tumor extent and planning surgical resection; they also frequently reveal suggestive appearances of multilobulation and marked heterogeneity ( creating the "triple sign") with hemorrhage, fluid levels, and septa ( creating the "bowl of grapes" sign). Two features associated with synovial sarcoma that may lead to an initial mistaken diagnosis of a benign indolent process are slow growth ( average time to diagnosis, 2 - 4 years) and small size (<5 cm at initial presentation); in addition, these lesions may demonstrate well-defined margins and homogeneous appearance on cross-sectional images. Synovial sarcoma is an intermediate- to high-grade lesion, and, despite initial aggressive wide surgical resection, local recurrence and metastatic disease are common and prognosis is guarded. Understanding and recognizing the spectrum of appearances of synovial sarcoma, which reflect the underlying pathologic characteristics, improve radiologic assessment and are important for optimal patient management. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Soft Tissue Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD USA. Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Radiol, Zaragoza, Spain. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Murphey, MD (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, 6825 16th St NW,Bldg 54,Room M-133A, Washington, DC 20306 USA. EM murphey@afip.osd.mil NR 87 TC 83 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 5 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0271-5333 J9 RADIOGRAPHICS JI Radiographics PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1543 EP 1565 DI 10.1148/rg.265065084 PG 23 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 083NR UT WOS:000240464900020 PM 16973781 ER PT J AU Rice, J Philbin, N McGwin, G Arnaud, F Johnson, T Flournoy, WS Pearce, LB McCarron, R Kaplan, L Handrigan, M Freilich, D AF Rice, Jennifer Philbin, Nora McGwin, Gerald Arnaud, Francoise Johnson, Todd Flournoy, W. Shannon Pearce, L. Bruce McCarron, Richard Kaplan, Lew Handrigan, Michael Freilich, Daniel TI Bovine polymerized hemoglobin versus hextend resuscitation in a swine model of severe controlled hemorrhagic shock with delay to definitive care SO SHOCK LA English DT Article DE hemorrhage; HBOC; resuscitation; shock; trauma; pig ID LACTATED RINGERS SOLUTION; OXYGEN CARRIER; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; HETASTARCH HEX; LIVER-INJURY; BASE DEFICIT; HBOC-201; BLOOD; EVACUATION; SURVIVAL AB To compare the efficacy of low-volume resuscitation with bovine polymerized hemoglobin (HBOC-201) versus hetastarch (HEX) in an intermediate severity combat-relevant hemorrhagic shock swine model with a simulated delay to hospital care. Twenty-four anesthetized pigs were hemorrhaged 55% estimated blood volume in conjunction with a 5-min rectus abdominus crush. At 20 min, pigs were resuscitated with 10 mL/kg of HBOC-201 or HEX or nothing (NON); resuscitated pigs received additional infusions (5 mL/kg) at 30, 60, 120, or 180 min if hypotension or tachycardia persisted. Pigs were monitored for a 4-h "prehospital" period. At 4-h, hospital arrival was simulated: surgical sites were repaired, blood, or saline provided, and pigs were recovered from anesthesia. Pigs were monitored for 72 h and then killed for histological evaluation. One hundred percent (8/8) of HBOC-201 -, 75% (6/8) of HEX-, and 25% (2/8) of NON-resuscitated pigs survived to 72 h (P = 0.007 overall, HBOC vs. HEX P > 0.05). Mean arterial pressure and mean pulmonary arterial pressure were highest in the HBOC-201 group (P < 0.001), and HR was lowest (P < 0.001). HBOC-201 - and HEX-resuscitated pigs had comparable cardiac index and prehospital fluid requirements. HBOC-201 pigs had higher transcutaneous tissue oxygen tension, P < 0.001) and lower urine output (P < 0.001). At simulated hospital arrival, no HBOC-201 pigs required additional fluids or blood transfusion. In contrast, 100% of HEX pigs required blood transfusions (P< 0.01). In this swine model of controlled hemorrhage with low-volume resuscitation and delayed definitive care, HBOC-201 pigs had improved hemodynamics, transcutaneous tissue oxygen tension, and transfusion avoidance compared with HEX. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Biopure Corp, Cambridge, MA USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. RP Rice, J (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 2N77 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ricej@nmrc.navy.mil NR 28 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD SEP PY 2006 VL 26 IS 3 BP 302 EP 310 DI 10.1097/01.shk.0000226338.48033.c2 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 076HO UT WOS:000239947800012 PM 16912657 ER PT J AU Taylor, Y Eliasson, A Andrada, T Kristo, D Howard, R AF Taylor, Yvonne Eliasson, Arn Andrada, Teotimo Kristo, David Howard, Robin TI The role of telemedicine in CPAP compliance for patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome SO SLEEP AND BREATHING LA English DT Article DE telemedicine; sleep apnea; CPAP ID NASAL CPAP; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT; EDUCATION; DEFICITS; SUPPORT; SYSTEM AB The objective of this study was to compare continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use, functional status, and client satisfaction in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients randomized to either telemedicine support or traditional care. In our university-affiliated sleep disorders center, patients with OSAS who were initiating CPAP therapy were randomized to receive telemedicine support vs traditional follow-up care for 30 days. The telemedicine group received a "Health Buddy" computer that provided daily Internet-based informational support and feedback for problems experienced with CPAP use. At 30 days, there were no significant differences in the hours of CPAP use between groups receiving traditional care (M = 4.22, SD +/- 2.05) and telemedicine support (M = 4.29, SD +/- 2.15), p = 0.87, or in the proportion of nights with CPAP use between the traditional (M = 50% +/- 33.8) and telemedicine groups (M = 47% +/- 34.2), p = 0.61. No significant differences were found between groups in functional status (M = 2.27 +/- 4.56 vs M = 2.03 +/- 3.88, respectively, p = 0.76) or client satisfaction (M = 28.0 +/- 3.51 vs M = 28.5 +/- 3.05, p = 0.43). Patients in the telemedicine and traditional groups had similar CPAP use, functional status, and client satisfaction. The data suggest that telemedicine support as provided by our model compares favorably with traditional care. As a provider-extender, telemedicine support for patients initiating use of CPAP may allow for greater practice efficiency while maintaining quality of care. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Sleep Disorders Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Taylor, Y (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Sleep Disorders Ctr, Bldg 1,Ward 76,6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Yvonne.taylor@na.amedd.army.mil NR 18 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1520-9512 J9 SLEEP BREATH JI Sleep Breath. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 3 BP 132 EP 138 DI 10.1007/s11325-006-0059-9 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Respiratory System SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Respiratory System GA 138DA UT WOS:000244342100004 PM 16565867 ER PT J AU Das, NC Tobin, MS AF Das, N. C. Tobin, M. S. TI Performance of mid-wave infrared (3.8 mu m) light emitting diode device SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE surface emitting devices; IR emitters; LED array; IR scene projection ID SCENE PROJECTION; QUANTUM-WELLS; ARRAYS; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; EFFICIENCY; LASERS AB We describe the temperature-dependent characteristics of light emission from an IR interband cascade (IC) Type II-superlattice light emitting diode (LED) structure, which is mounted epi-side down. Light, current, and voltage (LIV) curves and spectra are reported for CW and pulsed excitation at various temperatures. At room temperature, we observe a typical increase in light and voltage with increasing CW current. At lower temperatures, as the CW excitation current is progressively increased to greater values, the LED emission peaks, followed by a power decrease, and finally approaches values similar to that of the room temperature emission. The room temperature CW peak power is 28% of the peak at liquid helium temperature. The LI results and spectra for pulsed excitation are compared. We observed red and blue shifts in peak emission wavelength with increasing current for CW and pulsed operation, respectively. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Microphoton Branch, Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. IR Mat Branch, Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Das, NC (reprint author), Microphoton Branch, Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM ndas@arl.army.mil NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 50 IS 9-10 BP 1612 EP 1617 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2006.08.002 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 105VN UT WOS:000242060500023 ER PT J AU Fraser, G Hartings, JA Simons, DJ AF Fraser, George Hartings, Jed A. Simons, Daniel J. TI Adaptation of trigeminal ganglion cells to periodic whisker deflections SO SOMATOSENSORY AND MOTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE primary afferent neuron; tactile; somatosensory; vibrissa ID MYSTACIAL VIBRISSAE; RESPONSE PROPERTIES; NEURONS; STIMULATION; AFFERENTS; VELOCITY; MOUSE; MODEL; SKIN AB Trigeminal ganglion neurons in adult rats adapt to periodic whisker deflections in the range of 1-40 Hz, manifested as a reduction in spike counts to progressively later stimuli in a train of pulsatile or sinusoidal deflections. For high velocity, pulsatile deflections, adaptation is time- and frequency-dependent; as in the case of thalamic and cortical neurons, adaptation is greater at higher stimulus frequencies. With slower velocity, sinusoidal movements, trigeminal ganglion cells differ from central neurons, however, by exhibiting strong adaptation even at low frequencies. For both types of stimuli, effects in trigeminal ganglion neurons were more pronounced in rats maintained during the recording session under neuromuscular blockade than in non-paralysed animals. Results are consistent with previous findings in other systems that frequency-dependent adaptation of cutaneous primary afferent neurons is affected by mechanical properties of the skin. Such effects are likely to vary depending on the nature of the whisker stimuli and physiological states that affect skin viscoelasticity. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Appl Neurobiol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Simons, DJ (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM cortex@pitt.edu FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS19950] NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON, OXFORSHIRE OX14 4RN, ENGLAND SN 0899-0220 J9 SOMATOSENS MOT RES JI Somatosens. Mot. Res. PD SEP-DEC PY 2006 VL 23 IS 3-4 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1080/08990220600906589 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 130GK UT WOS:000243787700004 PM 17178546 ER PT J AU Sherman, AR Martin, CO AF Sherman, Alison R. Martin, Chester O. TI Rediscovery of the gray bat (Myotis grisescens) in northeastern Mississippi SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB A male gray bat (Myotis grisescens) was discovered on private property in Tishomingo County, northeastern Mississippi, on 20 September 2004. The endangered gray bat previously had been known only from a site known as Chalk Mine in the northeastern corner of the county, where it was last documented in 1967. The 2004 specimen was recorded approximately 42 km south of the Chalk Mine site. The discovery of this specimen is noteworthy because it represents the first gray bat documented for the state of Mississippi in 37 years. C1 Mississippi Museum Nat Sci, Jackson, MS 39202 USA. USA, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Sherman, AR (reprint author), Mississippi Museum Nat Sci, 2148 Riverside Dr, Jackson, MS 39202 USA. EM alison.sherman@mmns.state.ms.us NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 51 IS 3 BP 418 EP 420 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[418:ROTGBM]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 089FJ UT WOS:000240865400019 ER PT J AU Babushok, VI DeLucia, FC Gottfried, JL Munson, CA Miziolek, AW AF Babushok, V. I. DeLucia, F. C., Jr. Gottfried, J. L. Munson, C. A. Miziolek, A. W. TI Double pulse laser ablation and plasma: Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy signal enhancement SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Review DE laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS); double pulse; laser plasma; laser ablation ID ND-YAG LASER; ORTHOGONAL BEAM GEOMETRY; OPTICAL-EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; FEMTOSECOND LASER; TEMPORAL DEPENDENCE; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; PHYSICAL BASIS; STEEL ANALYSIS; LIBS ANALYSIS AB A review of recent results of the studies of double laser pulse plasma and ablation for laser induced breakdown spectroscopy applications is presented. The double pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy configuration was suggested with the aim of overcoming the sensitivity shortcomings of the conventional single pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy technique. Several configurations have been suggested for the realization of the double pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy technique: collinear, orthogonal pre-spark, orthogonal pre-heating and dual pulse crossed beam modes. In addition, combinations of laser pulses with different wavelengths, different energies and durations were studied, thus providing flexibility in the choice of wavelength, pulse width, energy and pulse sequence. The double pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy approach provides a significant enhancement in the intensity of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy emission lines up to two orders of magnitude greater than a conventional single pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. The double pulse technique leads to a better coupling of the laser beam with the plasma plume and target material, thus providing a more temporally effective energy delivery to the plasma and target. The experimental results demonstrate that the maximum effect is obtained at some optimum separation delay time between pulses. The optimum value of the interpulse delay depends on several factors, such as the target material, the energy level of excited states responsible for the emission, and the type of enhancement process considered. Depending on the specified parameter, the enhancement effects were observed on different time scales ranging from the picosecond time level (e.g., ion yield, ablation mass) up to the hundred microsecond level (e.g., increased emission intensity for laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of submerged metal target in water). Several suggestions have been proposed to explain the mechanism of double pulse enhancement. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Babushok, VI (reprint author), NIST, Bldg 221,Room A111, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM babushok@nist.gov RI Gottfried, Jennifer/G-6333-2010; De Lucia, Frank/D-5630-2012; Munson, Chase/H-1667-2012 NR 103 TC 240 Z9 244 U1 19 U2 134 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 61 IS 9 BP 999 EP 1014 DI 10.1016/j.sab.2006.09.003 PG 16 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 120NG UT WOS:000243091100002 ER PT J AU Kuklo, TR O'Brien, MF Lenke, LG Polly, DW Sucato, DS Richards, BS Lubicky, J Ibrahim, K Kawakami, N King, A AF Kuklo, Timothy R. O'Brien, Michael F. Lenke, Lawrence G. Polly, David W. Sucato, Daniel S. Richards, B. Stephens Lubicky, John Ibrahim, Kamal Kawakami, Noriaki King, Andrew CA Spinal eformity AIS Section TI Comparison of the lowest instrumented, stable, and lower end vertebrae in "single overhang" thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Anterior versus posterior spinal fusion SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE lowest instrumented vertebra; stable vertebra; lowest end vertebra; anterior spinal fusion; posterior spinal fusion ID COTREL-DUBOUSSET INSTRUMENTATION; PEDICLE SCREW FIXATION; DECOMPENSATION; CURVE; CLASSIFICATION; RELIABILITY; SELECTION AB Study Design. A retrospective multicenter study. Objective. To investigate the relationship between the lowest instrumented, stable, and lower end vertebrae in patients with "single overhang" thoracic (main thoracic) curves treated with anterior or posterior spinal fusion. Summary of Background Data. Previous studies have shown "saving" fusion levels with anterior spinal fusion, as opposed to posterior spinal fusion; however, to our knowledge, none of these studies evaluated the relative position to the lower end vertebra to compare study groups accurately. For clarification, "single overhang" includes Lenke 1A and 1B curves. For these thoracic curves, the lumbar curve does not cross the midline. Materials and Methods. A retrospective multicenter study of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was performed to identify specifically patients with "single overhang" thoracic (Lenke 1A and 1B) curves with more than a 2-year follow-up. To analyze relative fusion levels, the differences were computed as follows: (1) the difference between the vertebra position for the stable vertebra of the main thoracic (MT) curve and the lowest instrumented vertebra, as noted on postoperative radiographs, or delta vertebra(MT) = lowest instrumented vertebra(MT) - stable vertebra(MT); (2) the difference between the vertebra position for the lower end vertebra of the main thoracic (MT) curve and the lowest instrumented vertebra, as noted on postoperative radiographs, or delta lower end vertebraMT = lowest instrumented vertebra - lower end vertebraMT Results. A total of 298 "single overhang" thoracic curves (148 Lenke 1A, 150 Lenke 1B) were identified, of which 293 had either an anterior spinal fusion or posterior spinal fusion; 5 patients underwent a combined anterior-posterior spinal fusion. Anterior spinal fusion was performed in 70 patients (23.9%) and posterior spinal fusion in 223 (76.1%). While comparing the lowest instrumented vertebra to the stable vertebra with anterior spinal fusion, the lowest instrumented vertebra was identified either at the level of the stable vertebra or above in 97% of 1A/B curves (P < 0.001). Using posterior spinal fusion techniques, the lowest instrumented vertebra was identified either at the stable vertebra or above in 65% of the 1A/B curves (P < 0.05). Conclusions. These data confirm that anterior spinal fusion techniques result in a mean shorter fusion of 1.5 vertebral segments/patient when compared to posterior spinal fusion techniques with respect to the position of the lowest instrumented and stable vertebrae for "single overhang" thoracic (Lenke 1A/B) curves. However, because this is a retrospective multicenter study over 10 years, it represents various posterior spinal fusion techniques that do not include all pedicle screw constructs. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Miami Childrens Hosp, Miami, FL USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Texas Scottish Rite Hosp Children, Dallas, TX 75219 USA. Shriners Hosp Children, Chicago, IL USA. M&M Orthoped, Oak Brook Terrace, IL USA. Meijo Hosp, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Childrens Hosp, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Kuklo, TR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Timothy.Kuklo@na.amedd.army.mil NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 19 BP 2232 EP 2236 DI 10.1097/01.brs.0000232799.19179.79 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 081FI UT WOS:000240302200012 PM 16946660 ER PT J AU Kuklo, TR AF Kuklo, Timothy R. TI Principles for selecting fusion levels in adult spinal deformity with particular attention to lumbar curves and double major curves SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE adult scoliosis; adult spinal deformity; instrumented spinal fusion; sagittal balance; coronal balance; lumbar scoliosis; double major curve ID ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS; PROXIMAL THORACIC CURVE; PEDICLE SCREW FIXATION; LOW-BACK-PAIN; HARRINGTON-INSTRUMENTATION; HOOK INSTRUMENTATION; OPERATIVE TREATMENT; SPONDYLOLISTHESIS; BALANCE; SURGERY AB Study Design. Review article. Objectives. To identify decision-making principles for selecting fusion levels in adult spinal deformity, with particular attention to lumbar curves and double major curves. Summary of Background Data. Although numerous articles have been published on the selection of fusion levels for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) curves, relatively less attention has been paid to the selection of fusion levels for the operative management of adult scoliosis. Methods. This is a literature review pertaining to the surgical management of adult scoliosis. Results. Selection of fusion levels for adult scoliosis can be difficult; however, certain biomechanical and surgical principal can consistently be applied. Conclusions. An appreciation of both the coronal and saggital plane components of spinal deformity is mandatory to achieve optimal results with surgical stabilization of adult scoliosis. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Washington, DC USA. RP Kuklo, TR (reprint author), 1314 Richmond Grand Ave, Orlando, FL 32820 USA. EM Teresa@Humanframeworks.net NR 39 TC 14 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 19 SU S BP S132 EP S138 DI 10.1097/01.brs.0000236023.08226.90 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 082RS UT WOS:000240405500005 PM 16946630 ER PT J AU Molin, P AF Molin, Peter TI Intimacy in America: Dreams of affiliation in antebellum literature. SO STUDIES IN AMERICAN FICTION LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, PA USA. RP Molin, P (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, PA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTHEASTERN UNIV PI BOSTON PA DEPT ENGLISH, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA SN 0091-8083 J9 STUD AM FICTION JI Stud. Am. Fict. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2 BP 251 EP 254 PG 4 WC Literature, American SC Literature GA 140YY UT WOS:000244544000009 ER PT J AU Molin, P AF Molin, Peter TI Mixed blood and other crosses: Rethinking American literature from the Revolution to the culture wars. SO STUDIES IN AMERICAN FICTION LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, PA USA. RP Molin, P (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, PA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0091-8083 J9 STUD AM FICTION JI Stud. Am. Fict. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 34 IS 2 BP 251 EP 254 PG 4 WC Literature, American SC Literature GA 140YY UT WOS:000244544000010 ER PT J AU Shih, TM Hulet, SW McDonough, JH AF Shih, T. -M. Hulet, S. W. McDonough, J. H. TI The effects of repeated low-dose sarin exposure SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE organophosphate; nerve agent; sarin; cholinesterase inhibitors; repeated exposure; acetylcholinesterase; functional observational battery; body weight; seizures; electroencephalogram; acetylcholine; choline; in vivo microdialysis; pathology ID SOMAN-INDUCED SEIZURES; FUNCTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL BATTERY; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS NERVE AGENTS; GUINEA-PIG; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; CHRONIC PYRIDOSTIGMINE; INHALATION EXPOSURE; BEHAVIORAL TOXICITY; RAT-BRAIN; ATROPINE AB This project assessed the effects of repeated low-dose exposure of guinea pigs to the organophosphorus nerve agent sarin. Animals were injected once a day, 5 days per week (Monday-Friday), for 2 weeks with fractions (0.3x, 0.4x, 0.5x, or 0.6x) of the established LD50 dose of sarin (42 mu g/kg, s.c.). The animals were assessed for changes in body weight, red blood cell (RBC) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels, neurobehavioral reactions to a functional observational battery (FOB), cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) power spectrum, and intrinsic acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter (NT) regulation over the 2 weeks of sarin exposure and for up to 12 days postinjection. No guinea pig receiving 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 x LD50 of sarin showed signs of cortical EEG seizures despite decreases in RBC AChE levels to as low as 10% of baseline, while seizures were evident in animals receiving 0.6 x LD50 of sarin as early as the second day; subsequent injections led to incapacitation and death. Animals receiving 0.5 x LD50 sarin showed obvious signs of cholinergic toxicity; overall, 2 of 13 animals receiving 0.5 x LD50 sarin died before all 10 injections were given, and there was a significant increase in the angle of gait in the animals that lived. By the 10th day of injection, the animals receiving saline were significantly easier to remove from their cages and handle and significantly less responsive to an approaching pencil and touch on the rump in comparison with the first day of testing. In contrast, the animals receiving 0.4 x LD50 sarin failed to show any significant reductions in their responses to an approaching pencil and a touch on the rump as compared with the first day. The 0.5 x LD50 sarin animals also failed to show any significant changes to the approach and touch responses and did not adjust to handling or removal from the cage from the first day of injections to the last day of handling. Thus, the guinea pigs receiving the 0.4 and 0.5 x LD50 doses of sarin failed to habituate to some aspects of neurobehavioral testing. Spectral analysis of EEG data suggested that repeated sarin exposure may disrupt normal sleeping patterns (i.e., lower frequency bandwidths). While these EEG changes returned to relative normalcy 6 days after the last injection in animals receiving 0.4 x LD50 sarm, these changes were still observed in the animals that received 0.5 x LD50 sarin. Ten to twelve days after the last sarin injection (in 0.4 x LD50 group only), neurochemical data showed that striatal choline levels were reduced in comparison to the saline group. At this time, atropine sulfate (5 mg/kg, i.p.) challenge resulted in a transient elevation in striatal ACh levels in animals exposed to repeated 0.4 x LD50 sarin as well as in control animals. No evidence of brain or heart pathology was found in any guinea pig that survived all 10 sarin injections. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Res, Pharmacol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Shih, TM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Res, Pharmacol Branch, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM tsungming.a.shih@us.army.mil NR 66 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 215 IS 2 BP 119 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2006.02.003 PG 16 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 080IW UT WOS:000240242100001 PM 16556454 ER PT J AU Logan, TP Allen, ED Way, MR Swift, AT Soni, SD Koplovitz, I AF Logan, Thomas P. Allen, Edward D. Way, Mark R. Swift, Austin T. Soni, Sunil-Datta Koplovitz, Irwin TI A method for the analysis of tabun in multisol using gas chromatographic flame photometric detection SO TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE flame photometric detector; GA; gas chromatography; multisol; nuclear magnetic resonance; Tabun ID POISONED RATS; GUINEA-PIGS; SOMAN; EFFICACY; SEIZURES; SARIN AB Preparation and analysis of tabun (GA) solutions are necessary for the continued development of countermeasures to this nerve agent. GA solutions must be stable and compatible for use in the test systems chosen for study; however, GA is very unstable in saline solutions. In the past we have found GA in saline at 2 mg/mL to be stable for a month or less at -70 degrees C, whereas saline solutions of sarin (GB), soman (GD), and cyclosarin (GF) were stable for many months. Previous studies have shown that Multisol (48.5% H2O, 40% propylene glycol, 10% ethanol, and 1.5% benzyl alcohol) provides stable solutions of GA. We confirmed the stability of GA in Multisol with phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (PNMR) and developed a method for the analysis of GA in Multisol using gas chromatographic flame photometric detection (GCFPD) in the phosphorus mode. The GC method used acetonitrile (CH3CN) for a dilution solvent because of its miscibility with GA in chloroform (CHCl3 ) standards and GA in Multisol samples at 1% (v/v). Furthermore, the dilutions with CH3CN made the phosphorus mode interference peak present in CHCl3 analytically manageable, reduced the interferences of Multisol in the GC separation, and contributed to a safe and reliable analysis of GA at 20 mu g/mL. We demonstrated the stability of GA in Multisol stored for more than a year at 70 degrees C. This method contributes a suitable technique for the preparation and analysis of reliable solutions of GA in nerve agent medical research and demonstrates the extended stability of GA in Multisol. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Logan, TP (reprint author), UV DB, ATTN, MCMR, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM Thomas.P.Logan@amedd.army.mil NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6524 J9 TOXICOL MECH METHOD JI Toxicol. Mech. Methods PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 16 IS 7 BP 359 EP 363 DI 10.1080/15376520600620083 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 063BK UT WOS:000238990700003 PM 20021008 ER PT J AU Chincosta, FM Voorhees, PJ Zobrist, AH Leonard, GT AF Chincosta, F. M. Voorhees, P. J. Zobrist, A. H. Leonard, G. T. TI Septic transfusion reaction to red cells contaminated with pseudomonas putida SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks (AABB 2006) CY OCT 21-24, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM francis.chiricosta@na.amedd.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP 50A EP 51A PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 084SG UT WOS:000240554100150 ER PT J AU Leslie-Holt, R MacDonald, VW AF Leslie-Holt, R. MacDonald, V. W. TI Maintaining apheresis platelet temperature and quality during shipping without agitation SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks (AABB 2006) CY OCT 21-24, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM Victor.Macdonald@na.amedd.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP 68A EP 69A PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 084SG UT WOS:000240554100208 ER PT J AU Borders, R MacDonald, VW AF Borders, R. MacDonald, V. W. TI Viability of platelets frozen with DMSO at-80 degrees C and stored at-20 degrees C SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks (AABB 2006) CY OCT 21-24, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM Victor.Macdonald@na.amedd.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP 71A EP 71A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 084SG UT WOS:000240554100216 ER PT J AU McFaul, SJ Wilder, DM AF McFaul, S. J. Wilder, D. M. TI Flow cytometric evaluation of platelet functional, activation, and pro-inflammatory characteristics SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks (AABB 2006) CY OCT 21-24, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM steve.mcfaul@amedd.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP 72A EP 73A PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 084SG UT WOS:000240554100222 ER PT J AU MacDonald, VW Cassidy, D Salata, JM Harman, RW AF MacDonald, V. W. Cassidy, D. Salata, J. M. Harman, R. W. TI A palm-sized point-of-care IV fluid warmer causes minimal damage to packed red blood cells at high flow rates SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks (AABB 2006) CY OCT 21-24, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Enginivity LLC, Lexington, MA USA. EM Victor.Macdonald@na.amedd.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP 76A EP 76A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 084SG UT WOS:000240554100233 ER PT J AU MacDonald, VW Flaherty, SF Ketchum, LH AF MacDonald, V. W. Flaherty, S. F. Ketchum, L. H. TI Ambient temperature exposure of medical supplies in military deployments SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks (AABB 2006) CY OCT 21-24, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Womac Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. EM Victor.Macdonald@na.amedd.army.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP 78A EP 79A PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 084SG UT WOS:000240554100242 ER PT J AU Cardo, LJ Hmel, P Salata, JM AF Cardo, L. J. Hmel, P. Salata, J. M. TI Stored packed red blood cells have a procoagulant potential which is reducible by leukodepletion filters SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks (AABB 2006) CY OCT 21-24, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM Lisa.Cardo@us.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP 85A EP 85A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 084SG UT WOS:000240554100263 ER PT J AU Cardo, LJ Wilder, DM Salata, JM AF Cardo, L. J. Wilder, D. M. Salata, J. M. TI Priming of neutrophils by packed red blood cell supernatant is caused by membrane microvesicles SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks (AABB 2006) CY OCT 21-24, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM Lisa.Cardo@us.army.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP 93A EP 94A PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 084SG UT WOS:000240554100289 ER PT J AU Cardo, LJ Wilder, DM Salata, JM AF Cardo, L. J. Wilder, D. M. Salata, J. M. TI Washed packed red blood cells induce priming (CD11b up regulation) of neutrophils which is abrogated by leukodepletion at collection SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks (AABB 2006) CY OCT 21-24, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM Lisa.Cardo@us.army.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP 93A EP 93A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 084SG UT WOS:000240554100288 ER PT J AU Wagner, SJ Skripchenko, A Mendez, J Salata, JM Cardo, LJ AF Wagner, S. J. Skripchenko, A. Mendez, J. Salata, J. M. Cardo, L. J. TI Inactivation of Trypanosoma cruzi by thiopyrylium and red light in human red cells SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks (AABB 2006) CY OCT 21-24, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab, Rockville, MD USA. EM Lisa.Cardo@us.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP 113A EP 113A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 084SG UT WOS:000240554100350 ER PT J AU Cardo, LJ Salata, JM Mendez, J Reddy, H Goodrich, R AF Cardo, L. J. Salata, J. M. Mendez, J. Reddy, H. Goodrich, R. TI Pathogen inactivation of Trypanosoma cruzi in plasma with riboflavin and UV light SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks (AABB 2006) CY OCT 21-24, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Navigant Biotechnol, Lakewood, CO USA. EM Lisa.Cardo@us.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP 114A EP 114A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 084SG UT WOS:000240554100352 ER PT J AU Cardo, LJ Salata, JM Mendez, J Reddy, H Goodrich, R AF Cardo, L. J. Salata, J. M. Mendez, J. Reddy, H. Goodrich, R. TI Pathogen inactivation of Trypanosoma cruzi in platelet concentrates with riboflavin and UV light SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks (AABB 2006) CY OCT 21-24, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Navigant Biotechnol, Lakewood, CO USA. EM Lisa.Cardo@us.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP 114A EP 114A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 084SG UT WOS:000240554100353 ER PT J AU Gery, L Howard, C Rentas, FJ Chiricosta, F AF Gery, L. Howard, C. Rentas, F. J. Chiricosta, F. TI Transfusion challenges on massively transfused soldiers returning from Iraq SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks (AABB 2006) CY OCT 21-24, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM frank.rentas@us.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP 153A EP 153A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 084SG UT WOS:000240554100480 ER PT J AU Gonzales, R Gourdine, E Rentas, FJ Toro, G Hall, AF Feige, L Hall, T Beardsley, S AF Gonzales, R. Gourdine, E. Rentas, F. J. Toro, G. Hall, A. F. Feige, L. Hall, T. Beardsley, S. TI Training of soldiers in preparation for apheresis platelet collections in Iraq SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks (AABB 2006) CY OCT 21-24, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 AMEDD Ctr & Sch, Directorate Combat & Doctrine Dev, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. Camp Mem Blood Ctr, Ft Knox, KY USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM richard.gonzales@amedd.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP 173A EP 173A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 084SG UT WOS:000240554100536 ER PT J AU Gourdine, E Webster, N Smith, J Johnson, G Malaer, V Arterson, J Gonzales, R Rentas, FJ Fryar, R Deuter, D AF Gourdine, E. Webster, N. Smith, J. Johnson, G. Malaer, V. Arterson, J. Gonzales, R. Rentas, F. J. Fryar, R. Deuter, D. TI Collecting single donor platelets at a United States Army Combat Support Hospital in Iraq SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks (AABB 2006) CY OCT 21-24, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Camp Mem Blood Ctr, Ft Knox, KY USA. USA, Med Command, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Lyster Army Community Hosp, Ft Rucker, AL USA. 10th USA Combat Support Hosp, Baghdad, Iraq. 86th USA Combat Support Hosp, Ft Campbell, KY USA. Combat Dev Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Serv Blood Program Off, Falls Church, VA USA. USA, Med Command, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM emmett.gourdine@us.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP 195A EP 195A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 084SG UT WOS:000240554100610 ER PT J AU Cardo, LJ AF Cardo, Lisa J. TI Leishmania: risk to the blood supply SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Editorial Material ID OPERATION DESERT-STORM; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; LEUKODEPLETION FILTERS; DONOVANI INFANTUM; TRANSFUSION TRANSMISSION; CUTANEOUS-LEISHMANIASIS; KALA-AZAR; DONORS; BRAZILIENSIS; INFECTION AB Leishmania infection is most often transmitted to humans via the bite of the phlebotomine sandfly, but transmission of Leishmania by transfusion has also been reported. There has been a huge increase in the incidence of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in Iraq and Afghanistan. The deployment of US troops to these countries and published case reports of transmission to soldiers in endemic areas, by transfusion to infants with immature immune systems, and to individuals immunocompromised by disease or immunosuppressive therapy beckon a reexamination of blood donor deferral procedures. The length of the ongoing military conflict and the nature of exposure indicate that prior decisions regarding blood donor deferral made during the first Gulf War may no longer apply. Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom present a much greater Leishmania threat than did Operation Desert Storm. Because most transmission by transfusion occurs in endemic areas, and visceral infection is asymptomatic in healthy individuals such as blood donors, it is difficult to determine the absolute risk of transmission by transfusion, but review of the literature provides many clues as to the appropriate measures to be taken for blood donor deferral. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Cardo, LJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Lisa.Cardo@us.army.mil NR 54 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1641 EP 1645 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00941.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 079AD UT WOS:000240147000027 PM 16965594 ER PT J AU Fishman, B AF Fishman, Brian TI After Zarqawi: The dilemmas and future of Al Qaeda in Iraq SO WASHINGTON QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 US Mil Acad, Combating Terrorism Ctr, West Point, NY USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Social Sci, West Point, NY USA. RP Fishman, B (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Combating Terrorism Ctr, West Point, NY USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN STREET, STE 500, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1046 USA SN 0163-660X J9 WASH QUART JI Wash. Q. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 29 IS 4 BP 19 EP 32 DI 10.1162/wash.2006.29.4.19 PG 14 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 085UV UT WOS:000240630800002 ER PT J AU Cheatham, CC Caine-Bish, N Blegen, M Potkanowicz, ES Kamimori, GH Marcinkiewicz, JL Otterstetter, R Kalinski, M Glickman, EL AF Cheatham, Christopher C. Caine-Bish, Natalie Blegen, Mark Potkanowicz, Edward S. Kamimori, Gary H. Marcinkiewicz, Jennifer L. Otterstetter, Ronald Kalinski, Michael Glickman, Ellen L. TI The effects of nicotine on the metabolic and hormonal responses during acute cold exposure SO WILDERNESS & ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 02-05, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med DE transdermal patch; norepinephrine; epinephrine; catecholamines; cortisol; temperature regulation; nicotine; cold exposure ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES; NOREPINEPHRINE RESPONSES; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; BODY-COMPOSITION; MEN; PLASMA; CATECHOLAMINE; PROLACTIN; HUMANS AB Objective.-To examine the effects of nicotine on the metabolic and hormonal responses during acute cold exposure. Methods.-Participants in this study included 6 men and 5 women between the ages of 19 and 25 years. Each subject performed 2 cold-air trials (CATs) consisting of a 30-minute baseline (BASE) period and a 120-minute exposure to 10 degrees C air. One CAT was performed after a nicotine (NIC) dosing using a 21-mg transdermal patch, whereas the other CAT was performed after a placebo (PL) treatment. Blood samples for metabolic and hormonal measurements were obtained at the end of BASE and immediately after the cold exposure. Results.-When examining the sexes separately, there was no difference in norepinephrine between PL and NIC (P = .066). There was also no difference in epinephrine between PL and NIC in either sex (P = .634). From BASE to 120 minutes of the CAT, there was a significant decrease in cortisol (P = .036), but this response was similar between the 2 treatments (P = .077). Glucose and glycerol concentrations were not different between the PL and NIC treatments. At BASE, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration was lower during PL compared with NIC (P = .021); however, at 120 minutes of the CAT, NEFA was greater during PL compared with NIC (P = .035). Conclusions.-During 120 minutes of cold exposure, NIC resulted in alterations in the responses in NEFA, whereas the other blood measurements were not significantly different between the 2 groups. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Springfield Coll, Springfield, MA USA. Northeastern Illionois Univ, Chicago, IL USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Kent State Univ, Exercise Sci Lab, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Kent State Univ, Dept Biol, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Cheatham, CC (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Hlth Phys Educ & Recreat, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM chris.cheatham@wmich.edu NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1080-6032 J9 WILD ENVIRON MED JI Wildern. Environ. Med. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 17 IS 3 BP 147 EP 157 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences GA 098ES UT WOS:000241504400002 PM 17078309 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Prada, CM Zelazowska, EB Bhattacharjee, AK Nikolich, MP Hoover, DL AF Fernandez-Prada, Carmen M. Zelazowska, Elzbieta B. Bhattacharjee, Apurba K. Nikolich, Mikeljon P. Hoover, David L. TI Identification of smooth and rough forms in cultures of Brucella melitensis strains by flow cytometry SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Brucella melitensis; flow cytometry; rough; smooth ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; BALB/C MICE; ABORTUS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; GENE AB Brucella melitensis strains may occur as either smooth or rough variants depending on the expression of O-polysaccharides (OPS) as a component of the bacterial outer membrane lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The wboA gene, which codes for the enzyme glycosyl transferase, is essential for the assembly of O-chain in Brucella. Deletion of wboA in smooth virulent B. melitensis 16M results in a rough mutant designated WRR51. We developed a flow cytometric method to determine the proportion of B. melitensis cells displaying surface O-polysaccharide (OPS) in liquid culture. OPS was detected using polyclonal antibodies from rabbits immunized with smooth (S) or rough (R) Brucella LPS. First, we evaluated the binding of these antibodies to 16M (S), WRR51 (R) and complemented WRR51 expressing the wboA gene (S) as well as to their corresponding GFP-expressing derivative strains 16M/GFP, WRR51/GFP and WRR51/GFP+wboA. The rough mutants did not react with anti-S-LPS nor did the smooth strains react with anti-R-LPS. Second, using different ratios of 16M/GFP and WRR51/GFP, we were able to detect the presence of 1% rough bacteria spiked into a sample of smooth organisms. Third, we evaluated the purity of cultures of B. melitensis strains grown in a fermenter. These flow cytometric methods may be useful for quality control of process development for large-scale vaccine production. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Bacterial Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Fernandez-Prada, CM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Bacterial Dis, Bldg 503,R, 2N57, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Carmen.Fernandez-Prada@NA.AMEDD.ARMY.MIL NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 315 IS 1-2 BP 162 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2006.07.017 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 095ER UT WOS:000241291500018 PM 16965789 ER PT J AU Tsen, KT Kiang, JG Ferry, DK Kochelap, VA Komirenko, SM Kim, KW Morkoc, H AF Tsen, K. T. Kiang, Juliann G. Ferry, D. K. Kochelap, V. A. Komirenko, S. M. Kim, K. W. Morkoc, H. TI Subpicosecond Raman studies of electric-field-induced optical phonon instability in an In0.53Ga0.47As-based semiconductor nanostructure SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID I-N NANOSTRUCTURE; LUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; ULTRASONIC AMPLIFICATION; INTERVALLEY SCATTERING; GAAS; EXCITATION; CARRIERS AB Transient carrier transport phenomena in an In0.53Ga0.47As-based p-i-n semiconductor nanostructure have been studied by using subpicosecond transient/time-resolved Raman spectroscopy. We observe an instability of the GaAs-like optical phonon population in this nanostructure semiconductor that occurs when electrons are accelerated to very high velocities by the application of intense electric fields. The results open up a new channel for creating coherent THz frequency that can be used in THz electronic devices. We suggest that the observed phenomena will have enormous impact on the carrier dynamics and carrier transport in nanoscale semiconductor electronic devices. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med & Pharmacol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Semicond Phys, Dept Theoret Phys, UA-252650 Kiev, Ukraine. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Tsen, KT (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 30 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 34 BP 7961 EP 7974 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/18/34/009 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 075WF UT WOS:000239915700010 ER PT J AU Albuquerquet, EX Pereira, EFR Aracava, Y Fawcett, WP Oliveira, M Randall, WR Hamilton, TA Kan, RK Romano, JA Adler, M AF Albuquerquet, Edson X. Pereira, Edna F. R. Aracava, Yasco Fawcett, William P. Oliveira, Maristela Randall, William R. Hamilton, Tracey A. Kan, Robert K. Romano, James A., Jr. Adler, Michael TI Effective countermeasure against poisoning by organophosphorus insecticides and nerve agents SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE galantamine; guinea pig; pyridostigmine; soman; sarin ID NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; INDUCED SEIZURES; GALANTHAMINE; PRETREATMENT; SOMAN; RATS; CHOLINESTERASE; GALANTAMINE; INHIBITION; TOXICITY AB The nerve agents soman, sarin, VX, and tabun are deadly organophosphorus (OP) compounds chemically related to OP insecticides. Most of their acute toxicity results from the irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme that inactivates the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The limitations of available therapies against OP poisoning are well recognized, and more effective antidotes are needed. Here, we demonstrate that galantamine, a reversible and centrally acting AChE inhibitor approved for treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease, protects guinea pigs from the acute toxicity of lethal doses of the nerve agents soman and sarin, and of paraoxon, the active metabolite of the insecticide parathion. In combination with atropine, a single dose of galantamine administered before or soon after acute exposure to lethal doses of soman, sarin, or paraoxon effectively and safely counteracted their toxicity. Doses of galantamine needed to protect guinea pigs fully against the lethality of OPs were well tolerated. In preventing the lethality of nerve agents, galantamine was far more effective than pyridostigmine, a peripherally acting AChE inhibitor, and it was less toxic than huperzine, a centrally acting AChE inhibitor. Thus, a galantamine-based therapy emerges as an effective and safe countermeasure against OP poisoning. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Neurobehav Toxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. US Army Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Albuquerquet, EX (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, 655 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM ealbuque@umaryland.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES007263, T32 ES07263]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS25296, R01 NS025296] NR 41 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 29 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 35 BP 13220 EP 13225 DI 10.1073/pnas.0605370103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 082IU UT WOS:000240380800050 PM 16914529 ER PT J AU Hite, JK Frazier, RM Davies, R Thaler, GT Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Zavada, JM AF Hite, J. K. Frazier, R. M. Davies, R. Thaler, G. T. Abernathy, C. R. Pearton, S. J. Zavada, J. M. TI Effect of growth conditions on the magnetic characteristics of GaGdN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SPIN-ELECTRONICS; SEMICONDUCTORS AB GaGdN layers were grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy with varying crystal quality and Gd concentrations as set by the Gd cell temperature. Magnetic measurements showed ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature, with the saturation magnetization dependent both on Gd concentration and crystalline quality. The Gd concentration was under the detection limit of secondary ion mass spectrometry, and estimated to be on the order of < 10(17) at./cm(3). As expected at this low dopant concentration, x-ray diffraction measurements showed the films to be single phase. Gd-doped samples codoped with Si to make them conducting with resistivity of 0.04 Omega cm showed similar magnetic properties as Gd-doped films without addition of Si. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Hite, JK (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jhite@ufl.edu RI Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 9 AR 092119 DI 10.1063/1.2337082 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 080GT UT WOS:000240236600067 ER PT J AU Goldblum, DK Rak, A Ponnapalli, MD Clayton, CJ AF Goldblum, David K. Rak, Andrew Ponnapalli, Mona D. Clayton, Christopher J. TI The Fort Totten mercury pollution risk assessment: A case history SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE mercury contamination; Sediments; fish; Fort Totten; Little Bay; risk assessment; human health AB Operational activities have resulted in mercury in the sediments surrounding Little Bay in Queens, NY This is adjacent to Fort Totten, a formerly used defense site. Some of the mercury levels in these sediments exceeded New York State screening values. A human health risk assessment was accomplished, based on conservative assumptions. The risk assessment examined the potential for adverse health effects from direct contact with and ingestion of contaminated sediments/surface water and ingestion of biota. Potential exposures to recreational receptors including adults and children were examined. The highest numerical risk results from finfish ingestion and then second for exposure from dermal contact to the sediments. The only exposure pathway showing a hazard quotient greater than unity is finfish ingestion for the child. In summary, overall risk to this mercury exposure is minimal in spite of the state screening value being exceeded. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USA Corps Engineers, Div Engn, Hazardous Tox & Radioact Waste Branch, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Goldblum, DK (reprint author), Off Army Assistant Chief Staff Installat Manageme, Base Realignment & Closure Div, 2511 Jefferson Davis Highway,PT-8404, Arlington, VA 22204 USA. EM David.Goldblum@hqda.army.mil; andrew.rak@mitretek.org; Mona.Ponnapalli@usace.army.mil NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 136 IS 3 BP 406 EP 417 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.11.047 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 079WX UT WOS:000240209700004 PM 16386833 ER PT J AU Catherino, HA AF Catherino, Henry A. TI Complexity in battery systems: Thermal runaway in VRLA batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Lead-Acid Batteries (LABAT 2005) CY JUN 13-16, 2005 CL Varna, BULGARIA SP Lead-Acid Battery Dept, Inst Electrochem & Energy Syst, Bulgarian Acad Sci, SOFIA 1113, Monbat PLC DE thermal runaway; valve-regulated lead-acid; sealed batteries; closed oxygen cycle; complexity AB During battery discharge, the heat generated is the sum of the Joule (resistive) and enthalpic (chemical) heating effects. Conversely, during battery charging, the heat generated is the Joule minus the enthalpic heating. If the conditions are carefully selected, one can observe a net battery cooling during charging. However, an interesting phenomenon takes place during overcharge. Those cells designed as sealed recombinant systems develop significant heating. Flooded designs do not exhibit this effect. The applied electric power generates energetic reaction products as a consequence of the electrochemical reactions. This is an energy absorbing process. The gasses are then vented into the environment. Since the sealed cells undergo a closed recombination cycle, i.e., no material is exchanged with the environment, the rate of heat generated is proportional to the power input to the cell. Essentially, the cell is behaving in the manner of a resistor. In this connection, the thermal runaway phenomenon that has been often observed in starved electrolyte cell designs raises a potential problem in battery applications. It is not efficient to design around the worst case scenario, i.e., anticipating the thermal runaway effect. It is wiser to detect its onset and shut down the charging process. An alternative approach is to develop an understanding of the thermal runaway process and, perhaps, develop a method for eliminating or effectively controlling it. A study was performed in an attempt to model the thermal runaway effect. In short, the effect appears to be related to the electrolyte distribution in the separator. This suggests that modification of the AGM separator properties could provide a means for better controlling the thermal runaway failure mode. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Warren, MI 49397 USA. RP Catherino, HA (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, AMSRD,TAR,R,MS 121, Warren, MI 49397 USA. EM catherih@tacom.army.mil NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 158 IS 2 SI SI BP 977 EP 986 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.11.005 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 088WW UT WOS:000240842800028 ER PT J AU Wolfenstine, J AF Wolfenstine, J. TI Electrical conductivity of doped LiCoPO4 SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE cathode; Li-ion batteries; conductivity; orthophosphate; dopants ID LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERIES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; CATHODE MATERIALS; LIMITATIONS; LIMPO4; IRON; FE AB The effect of Cr or Cu doping on the electronic conductivity of LiCoPO4 was investigated. It was observed that neither type of doping for the samples heated under air lead to electronic conductivity values above similar to 10(-9) S cm(-1). Based on these results it is suggested that the room temperature electronic conductivity of LiCoPO4 is much lower than that for LiFePO4. For the case of the doped samples heated under argon, they all exhibited an electronic conductivity similar to 10(-4) S cm(-1). It is likely that the enhanced conductivity of the LiCoPO4 samples heated under argon versus air is a result of conductive Co2P along LiCoPO4 particle surfaces that forms as a result of carbothermal reduction during heat-treatment. The electronic conductivity of the LiCoPO4 samples heated under high-purity argon is essentially independent of dopant type and concentration. This is because it is the conductive Co2P layer that controls the electronic conductivity of the doped samples overriding any possible dopant effects. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, AMSRD ARL SE DE, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wolfenstine, J (reprint author), USA, AMSRD ARL SE DE, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM jwolfenstine@arl.army.mil NR 24 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD AUG 25 PY 2006 VL 158 IS 2 SI SI BP 1431 EP 1435 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.10.072 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 088WW UT WOS:000240842800090 ER PT J AU Ciezak, JA Leao, JB Hudson, BS AF Ciezak, Jennifer A. Leao, Juscelino B. Hudson, Bruce S. TI Vibrational analysis of the inelastic neutron ascattering spectra of electron donor-acceptor complexes. II. Tetracyanoethylene-perylene by electronic structure calculations SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE inelastic neutron scattering; electron donor-acceptor complexes; vibrational spectroscopy ID CHARGE-TRANSFER; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS AB The vibrational spectra of the electron donor-acceptor complex, tetracyanoethylene-perylene were measured at 4 K by inelastic neutron scattering (INS) using the filter analyzer neutron spectrometer (FANS) and at 20 K using the TOSCA instrument. A direct comparison of the measured spectrum was made to density functional calculations using the B3LYP/6-31G** treatment for the isolated complex, the PW91 pseudopotential plus plane-wave basis and the BLYP/dnd atom-centered basis solid-state methods. In general, comparisons of the observed and simulated spectra revealed that the PW91 method is slightly superior to the B3LYP/6-31G** and BLYP/dnd methods in predicting both vibrational frequency and intensity above 200 cm(-1). Below 200 cm(-1), the BLYP/dnd calculations gave slightly better intensity agreement. Six intermolecular vibrations were theoretically predicted with the three calculation methods and were experimentally confirmed. In addition, the molecular motions of the vibrations observed in the INS spectrum were tentatively assigned. Our calculations show that solid-state calculations are not required, at least in the case of the TCNE-perylene complex, to obtain reasonably accurate vibrational frequency information of electron donor-acceptor complexes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Ciezak, JA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Propuls Sci Branch, Aberdeen Prov Ground, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM jciezak@arl.army.mil NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD AUG 24 PY 2006 VL 767 IS 1-3 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.theochem.2006.04.037 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 089CQ UT WOS:000240858100005 ER PT J AU Karst, DT Yang, YQ Tanaka, G AF Karst, David T. Yang, Yiqi Tanaka, Genzo TI An explanation of increased hydrolysis of the beta-(1,4)-glycosidic linkages of grafted cellulose using molecular modeling SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE hydrolysis; cellulose; molecular modeling ID ACID-HYDROLYSIS; FORCE-FIELD; FIBERS; CORNHUSKS AB Grafting various groups onto cellulose is found to substantially increase acid hydrolysis of the beta-(1,4)-glycosidic linkages. Molecular modeling is used to explain how various substituents such as esters and ethers cause this phenomenon. A substituent helps stabilize hydrolyzed cellulose by serving as an anchor to the end of the cleaved cellulose to which it is bonded, making it less mobile, and allowing it to have stronger interactions than those in pure hydrolyzed cellulose. Hydrolysis increases with increasing size of the substituent. Molecules sorbed but not grafted to cellulose do not increase hydrolysis. Hydrolysis mainly occurs at glucoses bonded to the substituent, and supporting experiments show that hydrolysis approaches equilibrium when no substituent remains on the cellulose fiber. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Text Clothing & Design, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Network Comp Serv Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. USA, High Performance Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. RP Yang, YQ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Text Clothing & Design, 234 HE Bldg, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM yyang2@unl.edu RI Yang, Yiqi/A-6900-2009 OI Yang, Yiqi/0000-0001-8153-4159 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD AUG 23 PY 2006 VL 47 IS 18 BP 6464 EP 6471 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.07.006 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 080OY UT WOS:000240258600024 ER PT J AU Lu, Z Shieh, LS Chen, GR Coleman, NP AF Lu, Zhao Shieh, Leang-San Chen, Guanrong Coleman, Norman P. TI Adaptive feedback linearization control of chaotic systems via recurrent high-order neural networks SO INFORMATION SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE adaptive control; chaotic systems; feedback linearization; Lyapunov function ID SLIDING MODE CONTROL; PARAMETERS IDENTIFICATION; BACKSTEPPING DESIGN; ATTRACTOR; STABILITY AB In the realm of nonlinear control, feedback linearization via differential geometric techniques has been a concept of paramount importance. However, the applicability of this approach is quite limited, in the sense that a detailed knowledge of the system nonlinearities is required. In practice, most physical chaotic systems have inherent unknown nonlinearities, making real-time control of such chaotic systems still a very challenging area of research. In this paper, we propose using the recurrent high-order neural network for both identifying and controlling unknown chaotic systems, in which the feedback linearization technique is used in an adaptive manner. The global uniform boundedness of parameter estimation errors and the asymptotic stability of tracking errors are proved by the Lyapunov stability theory and the LaSalle-Yoshizawa theorem. In a systematic way, this method enables stabilization of chaotic motion to either a steady state or a desired trajectory. The effectiveness of the proposed adaptive control method is illustrated with computer simulations of a complex chaotic system. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. USA, Armament Ctr, Dover, NJ 07801 USA. RP Shieh, LS (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM lshieh@uh.edu OI Chen, Guanrong/0000-0003-1381-7418 NR 24 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0020-0255 J9 INFORM SCIENCES JI Inf. Sci. PD AUG 22 PY 2006 VL 176 IS 16 BP 2337 EP 2354 DI 10.1016/j.ins.2005.08.002 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 065WN UT WOS:000239190900003 ER PT J AU Tracy, FT AF Tracy, F. T. TI Clean two- and three-dimensional analytical solutions of Richards' equation for testing numerical solvers SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; UNSATURATED SOIL; SURFACE FLUXES; INFILTRATION; FLOW AB This technical note derives clean analytical solutions of Richards' equation for three-dimensional unsaturated groundwater flow. Clean means that the boundary conditions and steady state solutions are closed form expressions and the transient solutions have relatively simple additional Fourier series terms. Two-dimensional versions of these solutions are also given. The primary purpose for the solutions is to test linear and nonlinear solvers in finite difference/volume/element computer programs for accuracy and scalability using architectures ranging from PCs to parallel high-performance computers. This derivation starts from the quasi-linear assumption of relative hydraulic conductivity varying exponentially with pressure head and the separate approximation that relative hydraulic conductivity varies linearly with moisture content. This allows a transformation to be used to create a linear partial differential equation. Separation of variables and Fourier series are then used to obtain the final solution. Physically reasonable material properties are also used. A total of four solutions are given in this technical note (steady state and transient solutions for two different boundary conditions of the sample problem). C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Major Shared Resource Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Tracy, FT (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Major Shared Resource Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM fred.t.tracy@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 22 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 8 AR W08503 DI 10.1029/2005WR004638 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 078LG UT WOS:000240103700002 ER PT J AU Li, J Choi, KK Klem, JF Reno, JL Tsui, DC AF Li, J. Choi, K. K. Klem, J. F. Reno, J. L. Tsui, D. C. TI High gain, broadband InGaAs/InGaAsP quantum well infrared photodetector SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LONG-WAVELENGTH; HIGH RESPONSIVITY; PERFORMANCE; BARRIER AB The authors design and demonstrate an InGaAs/InGaAsP quantum well infrared photodetector for high-speed infrared detection. The InGaAsP is selected as the barrier material to provide a large photoconductive gain, and the well is made of InGaAs/InP superlattice to achieve a broadband absorption. These features are expected to increase the photocurrent of the detector under a broadband source. For quantitative comparison, we also fabricate a quantum well GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice detector with a similar spectrum. Dark current noise measurement indicates that the gain of the InGaAs/InGaAsP detector is 4.6 times larger than that of the reference detector, thus confirming the present design concept. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM jinjinli@princeton.edu RI Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 8 AR 081128 DI 10.1063/1.2338803 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 077ND UT WOS:000240035400028 ER PT J AU Raftery, JJ Lehman, AC Danner, AJ Leisher, PO Giannopoulos, AV Choquette, KD AF Raftery, James J., Jr. Lehman, Ann C. Danner, Aaron J. Leisher, Paul O. Giannopoulos, Antonios V. Choquette, Kent D. TI In-phase evanescent coupling of two-dimensional arrays of defect cavities in photonic crystal vertical cavity surface emitting lasers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FABRICATION AB In-phase evanescent coupling in 2x1 and 2x2 arrays of defect cavities in photonic crystal (PhC) vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) is reported. Two-dimensional PhC patterns of air holes containing multiple defects are etched into the top distributed Bragg reflector of VCSELs. The resulting modification of the effective index and optical loss results in evanescent coupling between the multiple defect cavities of the PhC VCSEL. Far field measurements and simulations show good agreement and demonstrate the in-phase results. C1 Univ Illinois, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Raftery, JJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, West Point, PA USA. EM jim.raftery@usma.army.mil NR 17 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 8 AR 081119 DI 10.1063/1.2336618 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 077ND UT WOS:000240035400019 ER PT J AU Duan, JG Nanda, SK AF Duan, Jennifer G. Nanda, S. K. TI Two-dimensional depth-averaged model simulation of suspended sediment concentration distribution in a groyne field SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE sediment transport; numerical modeling; river confluence; river management; hydraulic engineering ID FLOW; COMPUTATION; CHANNELS; BENDS AB River-training structures, such as spur dikes, are effective engineered methods used to protect banks and improve aquatic habitat. This paper reports the development and application of a two-dimensional depth-averaged hydrodynamic model to simulate suspended sediment concentration distribution in a groyne field. The governing equations of flow hydrodynamic model are depth-averaged two-dimensional Reynold's averaged momentum equations and continuity equation in which the density of sediment laden-flow varies with the concentration of suspended sediment. The depth-averaged two-dimensional convection and diffusion equation was solved to obtain the depth-averaged suspended sediment concentration. The source term is the difference between suspended sediment entrainment and deposition from bed surface. One laboratory experiment was chosen to verify the simulated flow field around a groyne, and the other to verify the suspended sediment concentration distribution in a meandering channel. Then, the model utility was demonstrated in a field case study focusing on the confluence of the Kankakee and Iroquois Rivers in Illinois, United States, to simulate the distribution of suspended sediment concentration around spur dikes. Results demonstrated that the depth-averaged, two-dimensional model can approximately simulate the flow hydrodynamic field and concentration of suspended sediment. Spur dikes can be used to effectively relocate suspended sediment in alluvial channels. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. ALI rights reserved. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Hydrol & Hydaul Branch, Rock Isl, IL USA. Univ & Community Coll Syst Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Duan, JG (reprint author), Univ & Community Coll Syst Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, 755 E Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM gduan@dri.edu NR 29 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 327 IS 3-4 BP 426 EP 437 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.055 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 075FZ UT WOS:000239870900012 ER PT J AU Doherty, J Skahill, BE AF Doherty, John Skahill, Brian E. TI An advanced regularization methodology for use in watershed model calibration SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE regularization; calibration; watershed modeling ID INVERSE PROBLEMS; PARAMETERS; REGIONALIZATION; OPTIMIZATION; INFERENCE AB A calibration methodology based on an efficient and stable mathematical regularization scheme is described. This scheme is a variant of so-called "Tikhonov regularization" in which the parameter estimation process is formulated as a constrained minimization problem. Use of the methodology eliminates the need for a modeler to formulate a parsimonious inverse problem in which a handful of parameters are designated for estimation prior to initiating the calibration process. Instead, the level of parameter parsimony required to achieve a stable solution to the inverse problem is determined by the inversion algorithm itself. Where parameters, or combinations of parameters, cannot be uniquely estimated, they are provided with values, or assigned relationships with other parameters, that are decreed to be realistic by the modeler. Conversely, where the information content of a calibration dataset is sufficient to allow estimates to be made of the values of many parameters, the making of such estimates is not precluded by "preemptive parsimonizing" ahead of the calibration process. White Tikhonov schemes are very attractive and hence widely used, problems with numerical stability can sometimes arise because the strength with which regularization constraints are applied throughout the regularized inversion process cannot be guaranteed to exactly complement inadequacies in the information content of a given calibration dataset. A new technique overcomes this problem by allowing relative regularization weights to be estimated as parameters through the calibration process itself. The technique is applied to the simultaneous calibration of five subwatershed models, and it is demonstrated that the new scheme results in a more efficient inversion, and better enforcement of regularization constraints than traditional Tikhonov regularization methodologies. Moreover, it is argued that a joint calibration exercise of this type results in a more meaningful set of parameters than can be achieved by individual subwatershed model calibration. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Queensland, Dept Civil Engn, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. Watermark Numer Comp, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Skahill, BE (reprint author), USA, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM brian.e.skahill@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 41 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 327 IS 3-4 BP 564 EP 577 DI 10.1016/j.jhyrol.2005.11.058 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 075FZ UT WOS:000239870900023 ER PT J AU Chu, DR Jiang, RZ AF Chu, Deryn Jiang, Rongzhong TI Effect of operating conditions on energy efficiency for a small passive direct methanol fuel cell SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE electrochemical energy conversion; DMFC; fuel cell; energy efficiency; faradic efficiency ID POLYMER-ELECTROLYTE; PERFORMANCE; CROSSOVER; DMFC; ELECTROREDUCTION; ANODE; STACK AB Energy conversion efficiency was studied in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) with an air-breathing cathode using Nafion 117 as electrolyte membrane. The effect of operating conditions, such as methanol concentration, discharge voltage and temperature, on Faradic and energy conversion efficiencies was analyzed under constant voltage discharge with quantitative amount of fuel. Both of Faradic and energy conversion efficiencies decrease significantly with increasing methanol concentration and environmental temperature. The Faradic conversion efficiency can be as high as 94.8%. and the energy conversion efficiency can be as high as 23.9% if the environmental temperature is low enough (10 degrees C) under constant voltage discharge at 0.6 V with 3 M methanol for a DMFC bi-cell. Although higher temperature and higher methanol concentration can achieve higher discharge power, it will result in considerable losses of Faradic and energy conversion efficiencies for using Nafion electrolyte membrane. Development of alternative highly conductive membranes with significantly lower methanol crossover is necessary to avoid loss of Faradic conversion efficiency with temperature and with fuel concentration. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Jiang, RZ (reprint author), USA, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM rjiang@ARL.Army.MiL NR 26 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 51 IS 26 BP 5829 EP 5835 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.03.017 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 079HV UT WOS:000240167400033 ER PT J AU Gruber, JB Yow, RM Nijjar, AS Russell, CC Sardar, DK Zandi, B Burger, A Roy, UN AF Gruber, John B. Yow, Raylon M. Nijjar, Anmol S. Russell, Charles C., III Sardar, Dhiraj K. Zandi, Bahram Burger, Arnold Roy, Utpal N. TI Modeling the crystal-field splitting of energy levels of Er3+(4f(11)) in charge-compensated sites of KPb2Cl5 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ER-DOPED KPB2CL5; RARE-EARTH IONS; TB3+-DOPED KPB2BR5; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MU-M; LASER; ABSORPTION; SPECTRA; GROWTH; ND3+ AB A point-charge lattice-sum model corrected for induced multipoles is used to investigate the crystal-field splitting of the L-2S+1(J) energy levels of Er3+(4f(11)) ions that occupy charge-compensated sites in the laser host crystal KPb2Cl5. Spectroscopic data are reported and analyzed for Er3+ between 1550 and 440 nm at cryogenic temperatures. The crystal-field (Stark) splitting of the ground-state manifold I-4(15/2) and the splitting of individual excited manifolds of Er3+ are established from analyses of temperature-dependent (hot band) absorption spectra. The analyses confirm the Stark splitting of the I-4(J) and F-4(9/2) manifolds that are reported in the literature. From an analysis of the data, it appears that only one of the two possible Pb2+ sites serving as a charge-compensated site for Er3+ is involved in the optical activity of the Er3+ ions. From an examination of the crystallographic data of KPb2Cl5, we identify a possible site for the optically active Er3+ ion in the lattice and calculate the lattice-sum components for that site. These components are used to evaluate the crystal-field splitting of the energy levels of Er3+ at that site. The charge-compensation model assumes that Er3+ substitutes for Pb2+ in the Pb(2) site with a vacancy in a nearby K+ site. To obtain the best overall agreement between calculated and experimental levels, the position of the Er3+ ion is treated as an adjustable parameter along the quantization axis. Individual manifold centroids of the Er3+ ion are also varied. From a least-squares fitting analysis, we obtain a rms deviation of 10 cm(-1) between 48 calculated-to-observed Stark levels. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. USA, Res Labs, Adelphi Lab Ctr, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Photon Mat & Devices, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. RP Gruber, JB (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM john.gruber@utsa.edu NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 4 AR 043108 DI 10.1063/1.2244416 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 080GV UT WOS:000240236800009 ER PT J AU Potbhare, S Goldsman, N Pennington, G Lelis, A McGarrity, JM AF Potbhare, Siddharth Goldsman, Neil Pennington, Gary Lelis, Aivars McGarrity, James M. TI A quasi-two-dimensional depth-dependent mobility model suitable for device simulation for Coulombic scattering due to interface trapped charges SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SURFACE-OXIDE CHARGES; ELECTRONS AB The silicon carbide (SiC)-silicon dioxide (SiO2) interface in SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) has shown the presence of a very large number of trap states. These traps become filled during inversion causing a lowering of conduction charge in the inversion layer, and increases Coulombic scattering of mobile charges. Owing to the large number of occupied interface traps, Coulomb interaction is likely to be an important scattering mechanism for SiC MOSFET device operation, resulting in very low surface mobilities. We have developed a first principles physics-based Coulomb scattering mobility model to understand this phenomenon and to study its effect on mobility in SiC devices. This type of Coulombic scattering is a quasi-two-dimensional phenomenon. Mobile charges located closer to the interface are scattered at a higher rate than those located far away from the interface. Screening of the traps and fixed oxide charges by the inversion layer mobile charges causes a decrease in the scattering rate. Also, at higher temperatures, due to a reduction in occupied trap density, and increasing energy of mobile charges, Coulombic scattering is greatly reduced. Our mobility model incorporates and accounts for all these effects. We have implemented this physics-based Coulomb scattering mobility model into a device simulator and have obtained agreement with experimental current-voltage characteristics. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Berkeley Res Assoc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. RP Potbhare, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM potbhare@umd.edu; neil@umd.edu NR 13 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 4 AR 044516 DI 10.1063/1.2335673 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 080GV UT WOS:000240236800142 ER PT J AU Potbhare, S Goldsman, N Pennington, G Lelis, A McGarrity, JM AF Potbhare, Siddharth Goldsman, Neil Pennington, Gary Lelis, Aivars McGarrity, James M. TI Numerical and experimental characterization of 4H-silicon carbide lateral metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INVERSION-LAYERS; MONTE-CARLO; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; HALL-MOBILITY; INTERFACE; TRANSPORT; MODEL; SIMULATION; CHARGES AB Combined simulation and experimental analyses are performed to characterize the 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) lateral metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). Using a quasi-two-dimensional depth dependent Coulomb mobility model for scattering due to interface and oxide charge, along with existing models for other scattering mechanisms, and an in-house drift diffusion device simulator tailored for SiC MOSFETs, we have extracted values for interface trap density of states for 4H-SiC MOSFETs. Characterization shows that the interface trapped charge in 4H-SiC MOSFETs is responsible for mobility degradation and reduction in mobile inversion charge, and therefore reduced current. Its effect on mobility degradation decreases at higher gate voltages due to increased screening. Our results show that at high gate voltages, surface roughness plays the major role in surface mobility degradation in 4H-SiC MOSFETs. Results indicate that due to high Coulomb scattering near the interface, current density is maximum a few nanometers away from the surface. The model indicates overall mobility values of approximately 20 cm(2)/V s at the interface, and increasing to approximately 250 cm(2)/V s near the bottom of the inversion layer. Simulations predict that tenfold reduction in interface and fixed oxide charge density would give rise to very favorable device characteristics. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Berkeley Res Assoc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. RP Potbhare, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM potbhare@umd.edu; neil@umd.edu NR 23 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 4 AR 044515 DI 10.1063/1.2335967 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 080GV UT WOS:000240236800141 ER PT J AU Heraud, JM Edghill-Smith, Y Ayala, V Kalisz, I Parrino, J Kalyanaraman, VS Manischewitz, J King, LR Hryniewicz, A Trindade, CJ Hassett, M Tsai, WP Venzon, D Nalca, A Vaccari, M Silvera, P Bray, M Graham, BS Golding, H Hooper, JW Franchini, G AF Heraud, Jean-Michel Edghill-Smith, Yvette Ayala, Victor Kalisz, Irene Parrino, Janie Kalyanaraman, Vaniambadi S. Manischewitz, Jody King, Lisa R. Hryniewicz, Anna Trindade, Christopher J. Hassett, Meredith Tsai, Wen-Po Venzon, David Nalca, Aysegul Vaccari, Monica Silvera, Peter Bray, Mike Graham, Barney S. Golding, Hana Hooper, Jay W. Franchini, Genoveffa TI Subunit recombinant vaccine protects against monkeypox SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SMALLPOX VACCINE; VIRUS CHALLENGE; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; LETHAL MONKEYPOX; MICE; NEUTRALIZATION; INFECTION; IMMUNIZATION; EXPRESSION; ANTIBODIES AB The smallpox vaccine Dryvax, a live vaccinia virus (VACV), protects against smallpox and monkeypox, but is contraindicated in immunocompromised individuals. Because Abs to VACV mediate protection, a live virus vaccine could be substituted by a safe subunit protein-based vaccine able to induce a protective Ab response. We immunized rhesus macaques with plasmid DNA encoding the monkeypox orthologs of the VACV L1R, A27L, A33R, and B5R proteins by the intradermal and i.m. routes, either alone or in combination with the equivalent recombinant proteins produced in Escherichia coli. Animals that received only DNA failed to produce high titer Abs, developed innumerable skin lesions after challenge, and died in a manner similar to placebo controls. By contrast, the animals vaccinated with proteins developed moderate to severe disease (20-155 skin lesions) but survived. Importantly, those immunized with DNA and boosted with proteins had mild disease with 15 or fewer lesions that resolved within days. DNA/protein immunization elicited Th responses and binding Ab titers to all four proteins that correlated negatively with the total lesion number. The sera of the immunized macaques recognized a limited number of linear B cell epitopes that are highly conserved among orthopoxviruses. Their identification may guide future efforts to develop simpler, safer, and more effective vaccines for monkeypox and smallpox. C1 NCI, Anim Models & Retroviral Vaccines Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. So Res Inst, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Adv BioSci Labs, Kensington, MD 20895 USA. NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Med Univ Bialystok, Dept Gen & Expt Pathol, Bialystok, Poland. NCI, Biostat & Data Management Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NIAID, Biodef Clin Res Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Franchini, G (reprint author), NCI, Anim Models & Retroviral Vaccines Sect, Bldg 41,Room D-804, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM franchig@mail.nih.gov RI HERAUD, Jean-Michel/O-1464-2013; OI HERAUD, Jean-Michel/0000-0003-1107-0859; Hooper, Jay/0000-0002-4475-0415 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIAID NIH HHS [N01 AI 15451] NR 35 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 177 IS 4 BP 2552 EP 2564 PG 13 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 073LU UT WOS:000239745300064 PM 16888017 ER PT J AU Gorb, L Lutchyn, R Zub, Y Leszczynska, D Leszczynski, J AF Gorb, L. Lutchyn, R. Zub, Yu. Leszczynska, D. Leszczynski, J. TI The origin of the interaction of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene with siloxane surface of clay minerals SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE clay minerals; ONIOM; adsorption energy; electrostatic energy; dispersion energy ID AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-MODELS; ADSORPTION; STACKING; SITES AB The results of the application of ONIOM (n-layered integrated molecular orbital and molecular mechanic method) approximation to the modelling of the interaction of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) with the siloxane surface of clay minerals are presented. The target cluster having the chemical formula of Al22Si13O81H44 has been subdivided into the high level part which has been calculated at the MP2/6-31G(d) or HF/6-31G(d) level of theory; the medium level part,which has been calculated at the HF/6-31G(d) level of the theory, and the low level part which has been calculated at the HF/3-21G or HF/STO-3G level. For the aim of the comparison, we have also considered the interaction of TNB with a pure silicon-oxygen cluster having the formula of Si13O37H22. These calculations have been performed at the HF, MP2, and DFT levels of theory using the standard 6-31G(d) basis set. We have found that the attractive component of adsorption energy consists mainly of two commensurable parts. The first one is electrostatic contribution. This interaction is responsible for the virtually planar orientation of absorbed TNB with respect to the silicon-oxygen plane of clay minerals. Another stabilizing interaction originates from dispersion energy. This contribution amounts to 30-50% of the total adsorption energy. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Jackson State Univ, Computat Ctr Mol Struct & Interact, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Natl Acad Sci, Inst Surface Chem, UA-03164 Kiev, Ukraine. FSU, FAMU, Dept Civil Engn, Coll Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, STC Inst Single Crystals, Ukranian Amer Lab Computat Chem, UA-61001 Kharkov, Ukraine. RP Gorb, L (reprint author), Jackson State Univ, Computat Ctr Mol Struct & Interact, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. EM lgorb@ccmsi.us RI Lutchyn, Roman/B-1873-2009 NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 766 IS 2-3 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.theochem.2006.04.013 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 079HG UT WOS:000240165900012 ER PT J AU Singh, SN Tang, XC Singh, BN Dorian, P Reda, DJ Harris, CL Fletcher, RD Sharma, SC Atwood, JE Jacobson, AK Lewis, D Lopez, B Raisch, DW Ezekowitz, MD AF Singh, Steven N. Tang, X. Charlene Singh, Bramah N. Dorian, Paul Reda, Domenic J. Harris, Crystal L. Fletcher, Ross D. Sharma, Satish C. Atwood, J. Edwin Jacobson, Alan K. Lewis, Daniel, Jr. Lopez, Becky Raisch, Dennis W. Ezekowitz, Michael D. CA SAFE-T Investigators TI Quality of life and exercise performance in patients in sinus rhythm versus persistent atrial fibrillation - A veterans affairs cooperative studies program substudy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLINICALLY IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES; MANAGEMENT AFFIRM; CARDIOVERSION; TRIAL; AMIODARONE; CAPACITY; ABLATION; OUTCOMES; SOTALOL AB OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine quality of life (QOL) and exercise performance (EP) in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) converted to sinus rhythm (SR) compared with those remaining in or reverting to AF. BACKGROUND Restoration of SR in patients with AF improving QOL and EP remains controversial. METHODS Patients with persistent AF were randomized double-blind to amiodarone, sotalol, or placebo. Those not achieving SR at day 28 were cardioverted and classified into SR or AF groups at 8 weeks (n = 624) and 1 year (n = 556). The QOL (SF-36), symptom checklist (SCL), specific activity scale (SAS), AF severity scale (AFSS), and EP were assessed. RESULTS Favorable changes were seen in SR patients at 8 weeks in physical functioning (p < 0.001), physical role limitations (p = 0.03), general health (p = 0.002), and vitality (p < 0.001), and at 1 year in general health (p = 0.007) and social functioning (p = 0.02). Changes in the scores for SCL severity (p = 0.01), functional capacity (p = 0.003), and AFSS symptom burden (p < 0.001) at 8 weeks and in SCL severity (p < 0.01) and AF symptom burden (p < 0.001) at 1 year showed significant improvements in SR versus AF. Symptomatic patients were more likely to have improvement. The EP in SR versus AF was greater from baseline to 8 weeks (p = 0.01) and to 1 year (p = 0.02). The EP correlated with physical functioning and functional capacity except in the AF group at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS In patients with persistent AF, restoration and maintenance of SR was associated with improvements in QOL measures and EP. There was a strong correlation between QOL measures and EP. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20422 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Hines, IL USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Albuquerque, NM USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Providence, RI USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Loma Linda, CA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Kansas City, MO USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Lankenau Inst Med Res, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Singh, BN (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, 50 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 20422 USA. EM steve.singh@med.va.gov NR 30 TC 121 Z9 122 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 48 IS 4 BP 721 EP 730 DI 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.03.051 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 073VQ UT WOS:000239771100007 PM 16904540 ER PT J AU Li, H Li, K Subhash, G Kecskes, LJ Dowding, RJ AF Li, Hao Li, Ke Subhash, Ghatu Kecskes, Laszlo J. Dowding, Robert J. TI Micromechanical modeling of tungsten-based bulk metallic glass matrix composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE metallic glass; tungsten-based composites; stress-strain relations; shear bands; Voronoi tessellation technique; finite element method ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ENHANCED PLASTICITY; AVERAGE STRESS; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR AB Micromechanics models are developed for tungsten (W)-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) matrix composites employing the Voronoi tessellation technique and the finite element (FE) method. The simulation results indicate that the computed elastic moduli are close to those measured in the experiments. The predicted stress-strain curves agree well with their experimentally obtained counterparts in the early stage of the plastic deformation. An increase in the W volume fraction leads to a decrease in the yield stress and an increase in the Young's modulus of the composite. In addition, contours of equivalent plastic strain for increasing applied strains provide an explanation why shear bands were observed in the glassy phase, along the W/BMG interface, and in the W phase of failed W/BMG composite specimens. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USA, Ballist Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Li, K (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, TAMU 3123, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM keli@tamu.edu RI Kecskes, Laszlo/F-6880-2014; Dowding, Robert/F-1469-2015 OI Kecskes, Laszlo/0000-0002-1342-3729; Dowding, Robert/0000-0002-4763-2131 NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 429 IS 1-2 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.05.027 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 072PS UT WOS:000239685900016 ER PT J AU Karypis, G AF Karypis, George TI YASSPP: Better kernels and coding schemes lead to improvements in protein secondary structure prediction SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE structural bioinformaticsl; proteins; machine learning; support vector machines ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; NEURAL-NETWORKS; ALIGNMENTS; PROFILES; ACCURACY; MATRICES; DATABASE AB The accurate prediction of a protein's secondary structure plays an increasingly critical role in predicting its function and tertiary structure, as it is utilized by many of the current state-of-the-art methods for remote homology, fold recognition, and ab initio structure prediction. We developed a new secondary structure prediction algorithm called YASSPP, which uses a pair of cascaded models constructed from two sets of binary SVM-based models. YASSPP uses an input coding scheme that combines both position-specific and nonposition-specific information, utilizes a kernel function designed to capture the sequence conservation signals around the local window of each residue, and constructs a second-level model by incorporating both the three-state predictions produced by the first-level model and information about the original sequence. Experiments on three standard datasets (RS126, C13513, and EVA common subset 4) show that YASSPP is capable of producing the highest Q3 and SOV scores than that achieved by existing widely used schemes such as PSIPRED, SSPro 4.0, SAM-T99sec, as well as previously developed SVM-based schemes. On the EVA dataset it achieves a Q3 and SOV score of 79.34 and 78.65%, which are considerably higher than the best reported scores of 77.64 and 76.05%, respectively. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Digital Technol Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Karypis, G (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Army HPC Res Ctr, 4-192 EE CS,200 Union St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM karypis@cs.umn.edu NR 33 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-3585 EI 1097-0134 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 64 IS 3 BP 575 EP 586 DI 10.1002/prot.21036 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 064QI UT WOS:000239103800002 PM 16763996 ER PT J AU Koblmuller, G Gallinat, CS Bernardis, S Speck, JS Chern, GD Readinger, ED Shen, H Wraback, M AF Koblmuller, G. Gallinat, C. S. Bernardis, S. Speck, J. S. Chern, G. D. Readinger, E. D. Shen, H. Wraback, M. TI Optimization of the surface and structural quality of N-face InN grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FUNDAMENTAL-BAND GAP; HEXAGONAL INN; BUFFER LAYER; FILMS; POLARITY; MORPHOLOGIES; SAPPHIRE; EMISSION; ENERGY; MBE AB The authors demonstrate the impact of growth kinetics on the surface and structural properties of N-face InN grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Superior surface morphology with step-flow growth features is achieved consistently under In-rich conditions in a low-temperature region of 500-540 degrees C. Remarkably, off-axis x-ray rocking curve (omega scans) widths are found to be independent of the growth conditions. The band gap determined from optical absorption measurements of optimized InN is 0.651 eV, while photoluminescence peak emission occurs at even lower energies of similar to 0.626 eV. Hall measurements show room temperature peak electron mobilities as high as 2370 cm(2)/V s at a carrier concentration in the low 10(17) cm(-3) region. Analysis of the thickness dependence of the carrier concentration demonstrates a n-type surface accumulation layer with a sheet carrier concentration of similar to 3x10(13) cm(-2). (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Koblmuller, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM gregor@engineering.ucsb.edu RI Gallinat, Chad/E-7561-2010; Speck, James/H-5646-2011 NR 27 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 7 AR 071902 DI 10.1063/1.2335685 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 074WL UT WOS:000239842400020 ER PT J AU Alam, J Botchkarev, AE Griffin, JA Smirnov, NB Govorkov, AV Polyakov, AY Zavada, JM Christou, A Mohammad, SN AF Alam, J Botchkarev, AE Griffin, JA Smirnov, NB Govorkov, AV Polyakov, AY Zavada, JM Christou, A Mohammad, SN TI Optical properties of GaAs1-xNx alloys grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID N-GAN; CONTACT MECHANISMS; DESIGN PRINCIPLES; OHMIC CONTACTS AB Optical properties of GaAs1-xNx alloys grown by molecular beam epitaxy using GaAs ( 001) as the substrate have been studied. These include photoluminescence (PL), cathodoluminescence (CL), photocurrent and photomemory effects. The low-temperature (77 K) PL characteristics were measured on samples with 0-0.105% N content. The wide emission band indicates the defective nature of the materials. The widening of the band for materials with increasing nitrogen concentration also suggested that the concentration of defect states in these materials dramatically increased with increasing nitrogen content. The PL and CL spectra for GaAs1-xNx layer 1854 did not show identical characteristics. Some layers showed a very sharp fall in photocurrent at low temperatures, indicating a very sharp photoquenching and an interaction between antisite, interstitial and vacancy defects. The photomemory effect, which causes photoquenching and the transition from the EL2 to the EL2* metastable state, was strongly influenced by the optical exposure and thermal history of the sample. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Howard Univ, Mat Sci Res Inst Excellence, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Inst Rare Met, Moscow 109016, Russia. Army Res Lab, Army Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Mohammad, SN (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM snmd@umd.edu RI Smirnov, Nickolai/K-8935-2015 OI Smirnov, Nickolai/0000-0002-4993-0175 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD AUG 11 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 23 BP 3477 EP 3486 DI 10.1080/14786430600625677 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 050WH UT WOS:000238119500001 ER PT J AU Walsh, KP Fiory, AT Ravindra, NM Harshman, DR Dow, JD AF Walsh, KP Fiory, AT Ravindra, NM Harshman, DR Dow, JD TI Electron-hole superlattices in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs multiple quantum wells SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID LOW-VOLTAGE; GAAS; MODULATORS AB A GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs semiconductor structure is proposed, which is predicted to superconduct at T-c approximate to 2K. Formation of an alternating sequence of electron-and hole-populated quantum wells (an electron-hole superlattice) in a modulation-doped GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs superlattice is considered. This superlattice may be analogous to the layered electronic structure of high-T-c superconductors. In the structures of interest, the mean spacing between nearest electron (or hole) wells is the same as the mean distance between the electrons (or holes) in any given well. This geometrical relationship mimics a prominent property of optimally doped high-T-c superconductors. Band bending by built-in electric fields from ionized donors and acceptors induces electron and heavy-hole bound states in alternate GaAs quantum wells. A proposed superlattice structure meeting this criterion for superconductivity is studied by self-consistent numerical simulation. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. US Army Energet Pyrotech Res & Technol, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Physikon Res Corp, Lynden, WA 98264 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Harshman, DR (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM drh@physikon.net NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD AUG 11 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 23 BP 3581 EP 3593 DI 10.1080/14786430600677694 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 050WH UT WOS:000238119500007 ER PT J AU Kaholek, M Lee, WK Feng, JX LaMattina, B Dyer, DJ Zauscher, S AF Kaholek, Marian Lee, Woo-Kyung Feng, Jianxin LaMattina, Bruce Dyer, Daniel J. Zauscher, Stefan TI Weak polyelectrolyte brush arrays fabricated by combining electron-beam lithography with surface-initiated photopolymerization SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RESPONSIVE POLYMER BRUSHES; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; PHOTOINITIATED POLYMERIZATION; PH; PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY; STYRENE; LAYERS; GOLD AB We present a simple "top-down/bottom-up" strategy to fabricate nano- and micropatterned polymer brush arrays composed of pH- and salt-sensitive, weak polyelectrolyte copolymers [ poly(N-isopropylacrylamideco- methacrylic acid, 3: 1, poly(NIPAAM-co-MAA)]. In our approach, a silicon surface is first patterned with gold, using "lift-off" electron-beam lithography ("top-down"), and the resulting pattern is then amplified by surface-initiated photopolymerization by conventional, UV-light-induced free radical polymerization ("bottom-up") from an immobilized 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile ( AIBN) type initiator. The use of pH- and ionic-strength-sensitive comonomers in the copolymer brush enables large, externally triggered conformational changes of the micro- and nanopatterned polymer brushes. We observed that the height of nanopatterned ionized polymer brushes increases with increasing feature size of the pattern. The design and fabrication of surfaces with conformationally switchable, patterned polymeric structures is important for sensing and actuation applications on the micro- and nanoscales. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Chem, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Biol Inspired Mat & Mat Syst, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Zauscher, S (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Chem, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM ddyer@chem.siu.edu; zauscher@duke.edu RI Zauscher, Stefan/C-3947-2008 NR 28 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG 8 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 16 BP 3660 EP 3664 DI 10.1021/cm060276r PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 068TI UT WOS:000239396900012 ER PT J AU Jezior, MR Sullenberger, LE AF Jezior, Matthew R. Sullenberger, Lance E. TI Letter regarding article by Newby et al, "Long-term adherence to evidence-based secondary prevention therapies in coronary artery disease" SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Letter ID HEART-FAILURE C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Jezior, MR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM jezior@na.amedd.army.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD AUG 8 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 6 BP E240 EP E240 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.615393 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 071LJ UT WOS:000239603400020 PM 16894044 ER PT J AU Kholod, Y Okovytyy, S Kuramshina, G Qasim, M Gorb, L Furey, J Honea, P Fredrickson, H Leszczynski, J AF Kholod, Yana Okovytyy, Sergiy Kuramshina, Gulnara Qasim, Mohammad Gorb, Leonid Furey, John Honea, Patricia Fredrickson, Herbert Leszczynski, Jerzy TI Are 1,5-and 1,7-dihydrodiimidazo[4,5-b : 4 ',5 '-e]pyrazine the main products of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) alkaline hydrolysis? A DFT study of vibrational spectra SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE CL-20 hydrolysis; vibrational spectrum; density functional theory ID PHASE ALPHA-HMX; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; AB-INITIO DYNAMICS; UNIMOLECULAR DECOMPOSITION; THERMAL-STABILITY; DEGRADATION PATHWAYS; RATE CONSTANTS; RDX; MECHANISMS; HEXANITROHEXAAZAISOWURTZITANE AB The fully optimized geometries and force fields of the most stable conformation of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane and two tautomers 1,5- and 1,7-dihydrodiimidazo-[4,5-b:4',5'-e]pyrazine were obtained at the B3LYP level of hybrid density functional theory with the 6-31G(d) basis set. The vibrational frequencies were calculated by scaling of force fields, and the vibrational spectra were interpreted taking into account potential energy distributions. DFT calculations provide good agreement between calculated and experimental vibrational frequencies, obtained for CL-20. The theoretical vibrational spectra of 1,5- and 1,7-dihydrodiimidazo[4,5-b:4',5'-e]pyrazine correspond to the experimental FTIR spectrum obtained for the CL-20 alkaline hydrolysis products. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem, Computat Ctr Mol Struct & Interact, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. Dnepropetrovsk Natl Univ, UA-49050 Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow 119899, Russia. USA, ERDC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Leszczynski, J (reprint author), Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem, Computat Ctr Mol Struct & Interact, 1325 Lynch St,POB 17910, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. EM jerzy@ccmsi.us RI Kuramshina, Gulnara/G-8974-2011; Okovytyy, Sergiy/F-9838-2010 OI Kuramshina, Gulnara/0000-0002-4044-471X; Okovytyy, Sergiy/0000-0003-4367-1309 NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 794 IS 1-3 BP 288 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.molstruc.2006.02.061 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 088XW UT WOS:000240845400041 ER PT J AU Globus, T Woolard, D Crowe, TW Khromova, T Gelmont, B Hesler, J AF Globus, Tatiana Woolard, Dwight Crowe, Thomas W. Khromova, Tatyana Gelmont, Boris Hesler, Jeffrey TI Terahertz Fourier transform characterization of biological materials in a liquid phase SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DNA DOUBLE HELIX; FREQUENCY RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; FAR-INFRARED ABSORPTION; NORMAL-MODE ANALYSIS; VIBRATIONAL-MODES; MICROWAVE-ABSORPTION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HYDRATION SHELL; SPECTRA AB Significant progress has been achieved during the last several years relating to experimental and theoretical aspects of terahertz ( or submillimetre wave) Fourier transform spectroscopy of biological macromolecules. However, previous research in this spectral range has been focused on bio-materials in solid state since it was common opinion that high water absorption will obscure the spectral signatures of the bio-molecules in solutions. At the same time, the biological functions of DNA and proteins take place in water solutions. In this work, the spectra of DNA samples have been measured in liquid phase ( gel) over the spectral range 10-25 cm(-1) and compared with spectra obtained from solid films. The results demonstrate that there is very little interference between the spectral features of the material under test and the water background except for the band around 18.6 cm(-1). Multiple resonances due to low frequency vibrational modes within biological macromolecules in solutions are unambiguously demonstrated. Higher level of sensitivity and higher sharpness of vibrational modes are observed in the liquid environment in comparison with the solid phase, with the width of spectral lines 0.3-0.5 cm(-1). Gel sample spectra are found to be polarization-dependent. The ability of THz spectroscopy to characterize samples in liquid phase could be very important since it permits examination of DNA interactions in real ( wet) samples. One demonstrated example of practical importance is the ability to discriminate between spectral patterns for native and denaturated DNA. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. US Army Res Off, Elect Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Virginia Diodes Inc, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Globus, T (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 351 McCormick Rd,POB 400743, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM tg9a@virginia.edu; dwight.woolard@us.army.mil; tomvdi@earthlink.net; tbk4b@virginia.edu; gb7k@virginia.edu; Hesler@virginia.diodes.com NR 51 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 24 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 15 BP 3405 EP 3413 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/39/15/028 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 071DR UT WOS:000239578800042 ER PT J AU Zollner, GE Ponsa, N Garman, GW Poudel, S Bell, JA Sattabongkot, J Coleman, RE Vaughan, JA AF Zollner, Gabriela E. Ponsa, Narong Garman, Gabriel W. Poudel, Shreekanta Bell, Jeffrey A. Sattabongkot, Jetsumon Coleman, Russell E. Vaughan, Jefferson A. TI Population dynamics of sporogony for Plasmodium vivax parasites from western Thailand developing within three species of colonized Anopheles mosquitoes SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION-BLOCKING VACCINES; GAMBIAE DIPTERA; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; PERITROPHIC MEMBRANE; AEDES-AEGYPTI; FALCIPARUM; CULICIDAE; MIDGUT; GALLINACEUM; INFECTIVITY AB Background: The population dynamics of Plasmodium sporogony within mosquitoes consists of an early phase where parasite abundance decreases during the transition from gametocyte to oocyst, an intermediate phase where parasite abundance remains static as oocysts, and a later phase where parasite abundance increases during the release of progeny sporozoites from oocysts. Sporogonic development is complete when sporozoites invade the mosquito salivary glands. The dynamics and efficiency of this developmental sequence were determined in laboratory strains of Anopheles dirus, Anopheles minimus and Anopheles sawadwongporni mosquitoes for Plasmodium vivax parasites circulating naturally in western Thailand. Methods: Mosquitoes were fed blood from 20 symptomatic Thai adults via membrane feeders. Absolute densities were estimated for macrogametocytes, round stages (= female gametes/ zygotes), ookinetes, oocysts, haemolymph sporozoites and salivary gland sporozoites. From these census data, five aspects of population dynamics were analysed; 1) changes in life-stage prevalence during early sporogony, 2) kinetics of life-stage formation, 3) efficiency of life-stage transitions, 4) density relationships between successive life-stages, and 5) parasite aggregation patterns. Results: There was no difference among the three mosquito species tested in total losses incurred by P. vivax populations during early sporogony. Averaged across all infections, parasite populations incurred a 68-fold loss in abundance, with losses of ca. 19-fold, 2-fold and 2-fold at the first (= gametogenesis/fertilization), second (= round stage transformation), and third (= ookinete migration) life-stage transitions, respectively. However, total losses varied widely among infections, ranging from 6-fold to over 2,000-fold loss. Losses during gametogenesis/fertilization accounted for most of this variability, indicating that gametocytes originating from some volunteers were more fertile than those from other volunteers. Although reasons for such variability were not determined, gametocyte fertility was not correlated with blood haematocrit, asexual parasitaemia, gametocyte density influenced by factors intrinsic to the parasite and/or factors in the blood, whereas ookinete losses were more strongly influenced by mosquito factors. Oocysts released sporozoites on days 12 to 14, but even by day 22 many oocysts were still present on the midgut. The per capita production was estimated to be approximately 500 sporozoites per oocyst and approximately 75% of the sporozoites released into the haemocoel successfully invaded the salivary glands. Conclusion: The major developmental bottleneck in early sporogony occurred during the transition from macrogametocyte to round stage. Sporozoite invasion into the salivary glands was very efficient. Information on the natural population dynamics of sporogony within malaria-endemic areas may benefit intervention strategies that target early sporogony (e.g., transmission blocking vaccines, transgenic mosquitoes). C1 Univ N Dakota, Dept Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USAMC, AFRIMS, Dept Entomol, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Vaughan, JA (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM Gabriela.Zollner@na.amedd.army.mil; NarongP@AFRIMS.ORG; Gabriel.Garman@und.nodak.edu; Shreekanta.Poudel@und.nodak.edu; piciformes@yahoo.com; JetsumonP@afrims.org; Russell.Coleman@NA.AMEDD.ARMY.MIL; jefferson_vaughan@und.nodak.edu RI Zollner, Gabriela/B-6073-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI048813, AI48813] NR 51 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD AUG 3 PY 2006 VL 5 AR 68 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-5-68 PG 17 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 083TO UT WOS:000240481300002 PM 16887043 ER PT J AU Hoge, CW Auchterlonie, JL Milliken, CS AF Hoge, Charles W. Auchterlonie, Jennifer L. Milliken, Charles S. TI Mental health after deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan - In reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID US MILITARY; CARE C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Hoge, CW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM charles.hoge@na.amedd.army.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 2 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 5 BP 516 EP 516 DI 10.1001/jama.296.5.516-a PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 069YW UT WOS:000239486900013 ER PT J AU Vasterling, JJ Proctor, SP Amoroso, P Kane, R Heeren, T White, RF AF Vasterling, Jennifer J. Proctor, Susan P. Amoroso, Paul Kane, Robert Heeren, Timothy White, Roberta F. TI Neuropsychological outcomes of army personnel following deployment to the Iraq War SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; DEPRESSION; IMPAIRMENT; VETERANS; STRESS; MEMORY; AFGHANISTAN; EMPLOYMENT AB Context The effects of war-zone deployment on neuropsychological health remain poorly understood. Neuropsychological performance deficits serve as sensitive measures of neural dysfunction and are often associated with psychosocial and occupational problems. Previous studies have not conducted objective neuropsychological assessments both before and after a major war-zone deployment. \ Objective To examine objective neuropsychological outcomes of Iraq War deployment in a large military cohort. Design, Setting, and Participants The Neurocognition Deployment Health Study, a prospective, cohort-controlled study conducted at military installations. This report centers on 961 male and female active-duty Army soldiers drawn from the larger cohort. Deploying Army soldiers (n = 654) were examined prior to deployment to Iraq (April-December 2003) and shortly after return (within a mean of 73 days [median, 75 days]; January-May 2005) from Iraq deployment. A comparison group of soldiers (n=307) similar in military characteristics but not deploying overseas during the study was assessed in sessions timed to be as close as possible to the assessment of deployers. Military unit sampling procedures facilitated representation of combat, combat support, and combat service support functions among both deployers and nondeployers. Main Outcome Measures Individually administered, performance-based neuropsychological tasks. Estimates (P; the unstandardized parameter estimate) for the absolute differences in adjusted mean outcome scores between deployed and nondeployed groups were determined using generalized estimating equations. Results Multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for battalion membership revealed that Iraq deployment, compared with nondeployment, was associated with neuropsychological compromise on tasks of sustained attention (beta =0.11; P<.001), verbal learning (beta =-1.51; P=.003), and visual-spatial memory (beta=-3.82; P<.001). Iraq deployment was also associated with increased negative state affect on measures of confusion (beta = 1.40; P<.001) and tension (beta= 1.24; P<.001). In contrast, deployment was associated with improved simple reaction time (beta=4.30; P=.003). Deployment effects remained statistically significant after taking into account deployment-related head injury and stress and depression symptoms. Conclusions Deployment to Iraq is associated with increased risk of neuropsychological compromise. Findings point to the need to investigate further the impact of deployment on neural functioning. Public health implications include consideration of neuropsychological compromise in health prevention and postdeployment clinical and occupational management. C1 SE Louisiana Vet Hlth Care Syst, Res Serv COSF, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. VA Boston Healthcare Syst, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Ft Lewis, WA USA. VA Maryland Hlth Care Syst, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Vasterling, JJ (reprint author), SE Louisiana Vet Hlth Care Syst, Res Serv COSF, 1601 Perdido St, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM jvaster@tulane.edu NR 48 TC 210 Z9 211 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 2 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 5 BP 519 EP 529 DI 10.1001/jama.296.5.519 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 069YW UT WOS:000239486900016 PM 16882958 ER PT J AU Hodges, DH Saberi, H Ormiston, RA AF Hodges, Dewey H. Saberi, Hossein Ormiston, Robert A. TI Tension buckling in shear-flexible composite beams SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Adv Rotorcraft Technol Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Hodges, DH (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM dhodges@gatech.edu; saberi@flightlab.com; rormiston@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1909 EP 1911 DI 10.2514/1.18325 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 070NJ UT WOS:000239529100023 ER PT J AU Saad, MD Shcherbinskaya, AM Nadai, Y Kruglov, YV Antonenko, SV Lyullchuk, MG Kravchenko, ON Earhart, KC Sanchez, JL Birx, DL Carr, JK AF Saad, Magdi Darwish Shcherbinskaya, Alla M. Nadai, Yuka Kruglov, Yuri V. Antonenko, Svietlana V. Lyullchuk, Mariya G. Kravchenko, Olga N. Earhart, Kenneth C. Sanchez, Jose L. Birx, Debora L. Kirkland Carr, Jean TI Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 in Ukraine: Birthplace of an epidemic SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID INJECTING DRUG-USERS; FORMER SOVIET-UNION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SUBTYPE-C; SOUTHERN UKRAINE; VIRUS; RECOMBINANT; STRAIN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFECTIONS AB During the 1990s, HIV-1 spread rapidly through drug networks in Ukraine and from there throughout the former Soviet Union. To examine the origins of this epidemic, the genetics of HIV-1 in Ukraine were studied. Proviral DNA from PBMC was extracted and PCR amplified. Part of pol and nearly full genomes of HIV-1 were sequenced and characterized. The predominant genetic form in 163 strains was subtype A (66%), followed by subtypes B (30%), C (2%), D (1%), and a new AB recombinant form (1%). HIV strains from Kiev were diverse having subtypes A, B, C, and D. In Crimea, Donetsk, Poltava, and Odessa, however, the strains were overwhelmingly subtype A, while in Nikolaev subtype B predominated. After the near simultaneous introduction of subtypes A and B in Ukraine, subtype B remained where it was introduced while subtype A spread widely, creating the fastest growing epidemic in the world. C1 Ukraine Acad Med Sci, Inst Epidemiol & Infect Dis, Kiev, Ukraine. Henry M Jackson Fdn, HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. RP Saad, MD (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, PSC 452,Box 5000,Code 303C, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM darwishm@namru3.med.navy.mil RI Saad, Magdi/H-5561-2013 OI Saad, Magdi/0000-0003-2111-8115 NR 28 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 22 IS 8 BP 709 EP 714 DI 10.1089/aid.2006.22.709 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 078GI UT WOS:000240090100001 PM 16910825 ER PT J AU Saad, MD Aliev, Q Botros, BAM Carr, JK Gomatos, PJ Nadai, Y Michael, AA Nasibov, Z Sanchez, JL Brix, DI Earhart, KC AF Saad, Magdi D. Aliev, Qalib Botros, Boulos A. M. Carr, Jean K. Gomatos, Peter J. Nadai, Yuka Michael, Atef A. Nasibov, Ziyad Sanchez, Jose L. Brix, Deborah I. Earhart, Kenneth C. TI Genetic forms of HIV type 1 in the former Soviet Union dominate the epidemic in Azerbaijan SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article AB A total of 125 strains collected in Azerbaijan between 1999 and 2002 from HIV seropositives were genetically classified. Of 84 strains classified using HMA, 91.6% were subtype A, 1.2% subtype B, and 7.1% untypeable. Of 41 strains analyzed using partial pol gene sequences, 90.2% were subtype A, 7.3% subtype B, and 2.4% CRF03_AB. Most sequenced A strains clustered with those circulating in countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU). Two of three sequenced B strains were from individuals who traveled to FSU clustering tightly with B strains from Nikolayev, Ukraine. CRF03_AB, characteristic of the 1996 epidemic in Kaliningrad, Russia, was sequenced from an individual who lived in Russia from 1995 until 2001. The HIV epidemic in Azerbaijan is concentrated in IDU and is closely connected to other such epidemics to the east based on genetics. Of the 41 sequenced strains, 95% were close genetic relatives of HIV strains in IDU networks in the FSU. C1 Azerbaijan Natl Ctr Response AIDS, Baku, Azerbaijan. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. RP Saad, MD (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, PSC 452,Box 5000,Magdi D Saad Code 303, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM DarwishM@namru.med.navy.mil RI Saad, Magdi/H-5561-2013 OI Saad, Magdi/0000-0003-2111-8115 NR 9 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 22 IS 8 BP 796 EP 800 DI 10.1089/aid.2006.22.796 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 078GI UT WOS:000240090100012 PM 16910836 ER PT J AU Watanaveeradej, V Benenson, MW De Souza, M Sirisopana, N Nitayaphan, S Tontichaivanich, C Amphaipit, R Renzullo, PO Brown, AE McNeil, JG Robb, ML Birx, DL Tovanabutra, S Carr, JK McCutchan, FE AF Watanaveeradej, Veerachai Benenson, Michael W. De Souza, Mark Sirisopana, Narongrid Nitayaphan, Sorachai Tontichaivanich, Chalermsri Amphaipit, Ramase Renzullo, Philip O. Brown, Arthur E. McNeil, John G. Robb, Merlin L. Birx, Deborah L. Tovanabutra, Sodsai Carr, Jean K. McCutchan, Francine E. TI Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 in preparation for a phase III prime-boost vaccine trial in Thailand and a new approach to HIV type 1 genotyping SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; INJECTING DRUG-USERS; INTERSUBTYPE RECOMBINANTS; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; CENTRAL MYANMAR; MBEYA REGION; SUBTYPE-B; IN-DEPTH; DIVERSITY; CHINA AB To characterize HIV-1 genotypes in candidate populations for a prime-boost phase III vaccine trial in Thailand, specimens from prevalent and incident HIV-1 infections from a family planning clinic population in Rayong Province and a community cohort in Chou Buri Province, collected from 1998 to 2001, were genotyped. A new multiregion. hybridization assay, MHAbce, capable of distinguishing HIV-1 CRF01_AE, subtype B, and subtype C and their recombinants, was developed and applied to prevalent infections. Most incident and selected prevalent infections were studied by complete genome sequencing. By MHAbce, 168 of 194 prevalent infections were genotyped. Of these, 90.5% were CRF01_AE, 2.4% were subtype B, and 7.2% showed discordant or dual probe reactivity, indicative of recombination or dual infection, respectively. Among 23 incident infections, 20 were sequenced. Eighteen CRF01_AE, one subtype B, and one CRF01/B recombinant strains were seen. Two CRF01/B and one CRF01/C recombinant were identified among selected prevalent infections. These results indicate that incident and prevalent HIV-1 infections in Rayong and Chou Buri during 1998-2001 were 90% CRF01_AE, 3% subtype B, and 7% either recombinant or dual. This study frames the genetic diversity of HIV-1 in these cohorts in their preparatory phase for the ongoing ALVAC-HIV (vCP1521) prime, AIDSVAX B/E boost, phase III vaccine trial and will provide a benchmark for interpretation and analysis. C1 US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Phramongkutklao Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Bangkok, Thailand. US Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. Royal Thai Army Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. Rayong Provincial Hlth Off, Rayong, Thailand. Sattahip Kilo 10 Dist Hosp, Chon Buri, Thailand. RP McCutchan, FE (reprint author), US Mil HIV Res Program, 1600 E Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM fmccutchan@hivresearch.org NR 30 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 22 IS 8 BP 801 EP 807 DI 10.1089/aid.2006.22.801 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 078GI UT WOS:000240090100013 PM 16910837 ER PT J AU Eyzaguirre, L Bautista, CT Ayala, C Acosta, J Negrete, M Sateren, WB Montano, SM Sanchez, JL Carr, JK AF Eyzaguirre, Lindsay Bautista, Christian T. Ayala, Claudia Acosta, Jaqueline Negrete, Monica Sateren, Warren B. Montano, Silvia M. Sanchez, Jose L. Carr, Jean K. TI First case of HIV type 1 subtype F among men who have sex with men in Colombia SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-AMERICA; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; HIGH PREVALENCE; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; SPREAD; BRAZIL AB To study the molecular epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strains among men who have sex with men (MSM), the main high-risk group for HIV infection in Colombia, 113 HIV-positive MSM subjects recruited in Bogota during the year 2002 were genotyped. By heteroduplex mobility assay (env HMA) all samples were classified as subtype B. Partial sequencing of the protease and the reverse transcriptase (Pro/RT) regions performed on a random subset of 10 samples revealed that nine were classified as subtype B, and one sample was subtype F. The specimen that is subtype F in pol and subtype B in env is likely to be is either a recombinant or a dual infection. In this study, we identify the HIV F subtype for the first time in Colombia. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Liga Colombiana Lucha Contra SIDA, Bogota, Colombia. Inst Nacl Salud, Bogota, Colombia. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. Anteon Corp, Frederick, MD USA. RP Carr, JK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Human Virol, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM carrj@umbi.umd.edu RI Bautista, Christian/B-2812-2011 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 22 IS 8 BP 808 EP 811 DI 10.1089/aid.2006.22.808 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 078GI UT WOS:000240090100014 PM 16910838 ER PT J AU Gallagher-Thompson, D Rabinowitz, Y Tang, PCY Tse, C Kwo, E Hsu, S Wang, PC Leung, L Tong, HQ Thompson, LW AF Gallagher-Thompson, Dolores Rabinowitz, Yaron Tang, Paulette C. Y. Tse, Collins Kwo, Elizabeth Hsu, Shannon Wang, Peng-Chih Leung, Laurie Tong, Hui-Qi Thompson, Larry W. TI Recruiting Chinese Americans for dementia caregiver intervention research: Suggestions for success SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE Chinese American caregivers; community outreach ID FAMILY CAREGIVERS; RETENTION; PREDICTORS; LESSONS; ISSUES; LATINO AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the relative effectiveness of three recruitment modalities for enrolling Chinese-American and white family caregivers into research studies to evaluate intervention strategies. Methods: A total of 116 Chinese Americans and 134 whites were screened for eligibility to participate in one of two clinical intervention trials. Participants were recruited using: 1) media sources; 2) nonprofessional referral sources; or 3) professional referrals. Each participant was asked an open-ended question about how they became aware of the programs offered. Results: A smaller proportion of Chinese Americans (39u than whites (50%) who responded to recruiting strategies actually enrolled as subjects. There was a significant interaction between ethnicity and recruitment strategy. Chinese-American caregivers who were recruited by nonprofessional sources were less likely to enroll in the intervention studies than those who were recruited through media sources or professional referrals. Whites, on the other hand, were more likely to be recruited through nonprofessional sources than the other two. Conclusions: A consumer-oriented approach, which included direct face-to-face contact with key community leaders, generated the highest number of Chinese-American participants. Culture-specific factors such as trust-building with social service agencies, demonstrating genuine commitment to the well-being of the target community, and linguistic and ethnic matching between research staff and potential participants appear helpful to successful research recruitment in this rapidly increasing segment of dementia caregivers. C1 VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Older Adult & Family Ctr, Palo Alto, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Pacific Grad Sch Psychol, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, MIRECC, Palo Alto, CA USA. Pacific Grad Sch Psychol, Palo Alto, CA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Gallagher-Thompson, D (reprint author), VA Palo Alto, Older Adult & Family Ctr, 795 Willow Rd,182C, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dolorest@stanford.edu NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1064-7481 J9 AM J GERIAT PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatr. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 14 IS 8 BP 676 EP 683 DI 10.1097/01.JGP.0000221234.65585.f9 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Psychiatry SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychiatry GA 066BV UT WOS:000239205500006 PM 16861372 ER PT J AU Mittendorf, EA Storrer, CE Shriver, CD Ponniah, S Peoples, GE AF Mittendorf, Elizabeth A. Storrer, Catherine E. Shriver, Craig D. Ponniah, Sathibalan Peoples, George E. TI Investigating the combination of trastuzumab and HER2/neu peptide vaccines for the treatment of breast cancer SO ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; HER2/neu; immunotherapy; trastuzumab; peptide vaccine ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; METASTATIC BREAST; OVARIAN-CANCER; HER-2/NEU PROTOONCOGENE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; IN-VIVO; CYTOLYTIC ACTIVITY; ONCOGENIC PROTEIN; DENDRITIC CELLS; PROSTATE-CANCER AB Background: Trastuzumab, an anti-HER2/neu monoclonal antibody, is thought to promote HER2/neu receptor internalization and/or turnover. This study was designed to investigate the kinetics of trastuzumab treatment on tumor cells with varying levels of HER2/neu expression and to determine the effect of trastuzumab on HER2/neu-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated lysis. Methods: Three cell lines with varying levels of HER2/neu expression were incubated with varying doses of trastuzumab at multiple time points. Trastuzumab binding and HER2/neu expression were determined. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from three HLA-A2(+) healthy donors and four E75 peptide-vaccinated patients were stimulated with HER2/neuderived peptides and tested in standard chromium release cytotoxicity assays with HER2/neu(+) tumor cells pretreated with trastuzumab. Results: Treatment of tumor cells with 10 mu g/mL of trastuzumab in an overnight incubation resulted in saturation of cell-surface HER2/neu receptors. At higher doses, trastuzumab staining and HER2/neu expression decreased in a time-dependent manner. Pretreatment of tumor cells with trastuzumab resulted in increases in specific cytotoxicity by peptide-stimulated cytotoxic T lymphocytes from HLA-A2+ donors over untreated cells by an average of 5.6% and 15.3% (P = .0002) for doses of 10 and 50 mu g/mL, respectively. In similar experiments involving peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from immunized patients, the average specific cytotoxicity for untreated cells was 34.2% +/- 1.3% vs. 40.6% +/- 2.5% (P = .035) and 40.7% +/- 1.6% (P = .0005) for those treated with 10 and 50 mu g/mL, respectively. Conclusions: Our data suggest that pretreatment of breast cancer cells with trastuzumab induces turnover of the HER2/neu protein and enhanced killing by HER2/neu peptide-stimulated CTLs. This increased lysis occurs regardless of the degree of HER2/neu expression and seems more pronounced in vaccinated patients. These findings support further investigation into the use of combination immunotherapy with trastuzumab and HER2/neu peptide-based vaccines. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Clin Breast Care Project, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Clin Breast care Project Immunol & Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Peoples, GE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Clin Breast Care Project, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM george.peoples@na.amedd.army.mil NR 35 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1068-9265 J9 ANN SURG ONCOL JI Ann. Surg. Oncol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1085 EP 1098 DI 10.1245/ASO.2006.03.069 PG 14 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 085OY UT WOS:000240614600009 PM 16865596 ER PT J AU Tsokos, GC Tedesco, F AF Tsokos, George C. Tedesco, Francesco TI Complement in autoimmunity and tissue injury SO AUTOIMMUNITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Trieste, Dept Physiol & Pathol, Trieste, Italy. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM gtsokos@usa.net; tedesco@units.it RI Tedesco, Francesco/F-1929-2011 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0891-6934 J9 AUTOIMMUNITY JI Autoimmunity PD AUG PY 2006 VL 39 IS 5 BP 355 EP 356 DI 10.1080/08916930600738979 PG 2 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 075XK UT WOS:000239920500001 ER PT J AU Milenic, DE Garmestani, K Brady, ED Flynn, J Albert, PS Abdulla, A Brechbiel, MW AF Milenic, D. E. Garmestani, K. Brady, E. D. Flynn, J. Albert, P. S. Abdulla, A. Brechbiel, M. W. TI Radioinimunotherapy of intraperitoneal disseminated disease: An update on herceptin as a targeting agent for alpha-particle radiation SO CANCER BIOTHERAPY AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Conference on Cancer Therapy with Antibodies and Immunoconjugates CY OCT 12-14, 2006 CL Parsippany, NJ SP Ctr Mol Med & Immunol, Garden State Canc Ctr C1 NCI, Radioimmune & Inorgan Chem Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1084-9785 J9 CANCER BIOTHER RADIO JI Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 MA 43 BP 397 EP 397 PG 1 WC Oncology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 089SB UT WOS:000240899900052 ER PT J AU Bracha, HS Bienvenu, OJ Person, DA AF Bracha, H. Stefan Bienvenu, O. Joseph Person, Donald A. TI Evolution and fear-fainting SO CLINICAL AUTONOMIC RESEARCH LA English DT Letter DE syncope; emotions; war; evolution; autonomic nervous system C1 Pacific Isl Hlth Care Syst, Natl Ctr PTSD, Dept Vet Affairs, Spark M Matsunaga Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Univ Hawaii, Asia Pacific Ctr Biosecur Disaster & Conflict Res, Asia Pacific Inst Trop Med & Infect Dis, Sch Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Honolulu, HI USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Bracha, HS (reprint author), Pacific Isl Hlth Care Syst, Natl Ctr PTSD, Dept Vet Affairs, Spark M Matsunaga Med Ctr, 1132 Bishop St 307, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM h.bracha@med.va.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PO BOX 10 04 62, D-64204 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 0959-9851 J9 CLIN AUTON RES JI Clin. Auton. Res. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 299 EP 299 DI 10.1007/s10286-006-0359-y PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 073RT UT WOS:000239761000011 PM 16845485 ER PT J AU Murray, CK Yun, HC Griffith, ME Hospenthal, DR Tong, MJ AF Murray, CK Yun, HC Griffith, ME Hospenthal, DR Tong, MJ TI Acinetobacter infection: What was the true impact during the Vietnam conflict? SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL FLORA; WAR WOUNDS C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis MCHE MDI, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Pfleger Liver Inst, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Murray, CK (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis MCHE MDI, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Clinton.Murray@amedd.army.mil NR 11 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 3 BP 383 EP 384 DI 10.1086/505601 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 057XK UT WOS:000238628300020 PM 16804856 ER PT J AU Beidleman, BA Muza, SR Fulco, CS Cymerman, A Staab, JE Sawka, MN Lewis, SF Skrinar, GS AF Beidleman, Beth A. Muza, Stephen R. Fulco, Charles S. Cymerman, Allen Staab, Janet E. Sawka, Michael N. Lewis, Steven F. Skrinar, Gary S. TI White blood cell and hormonal responses to 4300 m altitude before and after intermittent altitude exposure SO CLINICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adrenaline; cortisol; hypobaric hypoxia; intermittent altitude exposure; noradrenaline; submaximal exercise ID PRE-ADAPTATION; HYPOBARIC HYPOXIA; DE-ADAPTATION; EXERCISE; HUMANS; STRESS; WOMEN; ACCLIMATIZATION; PERFORMANCE AB Recent studies have demonstrated that brief daily IAE (intermittent altitude exposure) was equally as effective as continuous altitude residence in inducing physiological adaptations consistent with altitude acclimatization. Although the positive benefits of IAE have been clearly defined, the potential negative consequences of IAE on health, specifically the immune system, remain undefined. The present study determined the effects of IAE on WBC (white blood cell) and hormonal responses during rest and exercise at 4300 m altitude. Six lowlanders (age, 23 +/- 2 years; body weight, 77 +/- 6 kg; values are means +/- S.E.M.) completed a Vo(2)max (maximal O-2 uptake) and submaximal cycle ergometer test during a 30-h SL (sea level) exposure and during a 30 h exposure to 4300 m altitude-equivalent once before (PreIAE) and once after (PostIAE) a 3-week period of IAE (4 h (.) day(-1), 5 days (.) week(-1), 4300 m). The submaximal cycle ergometer test consisted of two consecutive 15-min work bouts at 40% and 70% of altitude-specific Vo(2)max. Blood samples were obtained at rest and during both exercise work bouts for measurements of WBC count, leucocyte subset counts, cortisol, adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). WBC, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts increased significantly (P < 0.05) during rest and exercise from SL to PreIAE and decreased (P < 0.05) during rest and exercise from PreIAE to PostIAE. Monocyte counts decreased (P < 0.05) during rest and exercise from PreIAE to PostIAE, but eosinophil and basophil counts did not change. Cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline did not change during rest or exercise from SL to PreIAE or PostIAE, but all increased significantly (P < 0.05) from rest during the two work bouts. In conclusion, this type of IAE stimulus did not induce a hormonal stress response and did no harm in terms of activation of the immune system at altitude, as measured by WBC and leucocyte subset counts. This method of pre-acclimatization can therefore be highly recommended for inducing altitude acclimatization without the 'altitude residency' requirement. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Beidleman, BA (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM beth.beidleman@na.amedd.army.mil NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0143-5221 J9 CLIN SCI JI Clin. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 111 IS 2 BP 163 EP 169 DI 10.1042/CS20060012 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 071RM UT WOS:000239619400008 PM 16536730 ER PT J AU Liu, HT Han, ZD Rajendran, AM Atluri, SN AF Liu, H. T. Han, Z. D. Rajendran, A. M. Atluri, S. N. TI Computational modeling of impact response with the RG damage model and the Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) approaches SO CMC-COMPUTERS MATERIALS & CONTINUA LA English DT Article DE Rajendran-Grove ceramic model; material modeling; ceramic damage; meshless method; MLPG; high-speed impact; penetration and perforation ID ELASTIC-MODULI; SHOCK AB The Rajendran-Grove (RG) ceramic damage model is a three-dimensional internal variable based constitutive model for ceramic materials, with the considerations of micro-crack extension and void collapse. In the present paper, the RG ceramic model is implemented into the newly developed computational framework based on the Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) method, for solving high-speed impact and penetration problems. The ability of the RG model to describe the internal damage evolution and the effective material response is investigated. Several numerical examples are presented, including the rod-on-rod impact, plate-on-plate impact, and ballistic penetration. The computational results are compared with available experiments, as well as those obtained by the popular finite element code (Dyna3D). C1 Knowledge Syst Res LLC, Forsyth, GA 30253 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Aerosp Res & Educ, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Liu, HT (reprint author), Knowledge Syst Res LLC, Forsyth, GA 30253 USA. RI Rajendran, Arunachalam/A-1615-2010; Atluri, Satya/C-5040-2013 OI Atluri, Satya/0000-0001-6793-9619 NR 17 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI ENCINO PA 4924 BALBOA BLVD, # 488, ENCINO, CA 91316 USA SN 1546-2218 J9 CMC-COMPUT MATER CON JI CMC-Comput. Mat. Contin. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 4 IS 1 BP 43 EP 53 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics GA 084OL UT WOS:000240542700005 ER PT J AU Han, ZD Liu, HT Rajendran, AM Atluri, SN AF Han, Z. D. Liu, H. T. Rajendran, A. M. Atluri, S. N. TI The applications of meshless local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) approaches in high-speed impact, penetration and perforation problems SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE meshless method; MLPG; high-speed impact; penetration ID FINITE-ELEMENT; DEFORMATION AB This paper presents the implementation of a three-dimensional dynamic code, for contact, impact, and penetration mechanics, based on the Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) approach. In the current implementation, both velocities and velocity-gradients are interpolated independently, and their compatibility is enforced only at nodal points. As a result, the time consuming differentiations of the shape functions at all integration points is avoided, and therefore, the numerical process becomes more stable and efficient. The ability of the MLPG code for solving high-speed contact, impact and penetration problems with large deformations and rotations is demonstrated through several computational simulations, including the Taylor impact problem, and some ballistic impact and perforation problems. The computational times for the above simulations are recorded, and are compared with those of the popular finite element code (Dyna3D), to demonstrate the efficiency of the present MLPG approach. C1 Knowledge Syst Res LLC, Forsyth, GA 30253 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Aerosp Res & Educ, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Han, ZD (reprint author), Knowledge Syst Res LLC, Forsyth, GA 30253 USA. RI Rajendran, Arunachalam/A-1615-2010; Atluri, Satya/C-5040-2013 OI Atluri, Satya/0000-0001-6793-9619 NR 13 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 3 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI ENCINO PA 4924 BALBOA BLVD, # 488, ENCINO, CA 91316 USA SN 1526-1492 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 14 IS 2 BP 119 EP 128 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 084OM UT WOS:000240542800004 ER PT J AU Baucom, JN Zikry, MA Rajendran, AM AF Baucom, JN Zikry, MA Rajendran, AM TI Low-velocity impact damage accumulation in woven S2-glass composite systems SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE impact behavior; textile composites; debonding; matrix cracking; delamination ID PENETRATION FAILURE; TOLERANCE; PLATES AB The objective of this experimental investigation is to obtain a detailed understanding of damage accumulation in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) woven glass-fiber-reinforced composite panels under repeated transverse drop-weight impact loading conditions. Measurements were obtained for impact force and energy dissipation. The radial spread of damage was smallest for the 2D laminates and largest for the 3D woven composites. The 3D composites had the greatest resistance to penetration and dissipated more total energy than the laminate system. This damage tolerance is due to unique energy absorption mechanisms, which involve the crimped portion of z-tows in the 3D composites. This is significant, since 3D architectures can provide both an inherent capability to dissipate energy over a large radial area and a greater perforation strength than comparable 2D laminate systems. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Zikry, MA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Box 7910, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM baucom@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; zikry@ncsu.edu; raj.rajendran@us.army.mil RI Rajendran, Arunachalam/A-1615-2010 NR 18 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 66 IS 10 BP 1229 EP 1238 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.11.005 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 056BU UT WOS:000238496800002 ER PT J AU Shorr, AF Jackson, WL Lipman, J AF Shorr, Andrew F. Jackson, William L. Lipman, Jeffrey TI Making the wrong choice: Consequences for patients with infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE infection; resistance; outcomes; Staphylococcus aureus ID VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA; INADEQUATE ANTIMICROBIAL TREATMENT; CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS; UNITED-STATES; SEVERE SEPSIS; THERAPY; CARE C1 Washington Hosp Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Crit Care Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Queensland, Royal Brisbane & Womens Hosp, Intens Care Unit, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. RP Shorr, AF (reprint author), Washington Hosp Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RI Lipman, Jeffrey/G-2211-2010 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 34 IS 8 BP 2239 EP 2241 DI 10.1097/01.CCM.0000229635.52805.50 PG 3 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 067WU UT WOS:000239334100036 PM 16883191 ER PT J AU Adrian, NR Arnett, CM AF Adrian, Neal R. Arnett, Clint M. TI Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) serves as a carbon and energy source for a mixed culture under anaerobic conditions SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; BIODEGRADATION; BIOTRANSFORMATION; EXPLOSIVES; BACTERIA; HEXAHYDRO-1-NITROSO-3,5-DINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE; MINERALIZATION; METABOLISM; HYDROGEN; SLUDGE AB We studied the anaerobic biodegradation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in a mineral medium by a mixed culture. RDX degradation activity was maintained for more than a year with only the addition of RDX. We observed a steady increase in the protein concentration of the culture from 4.8 mu g mL(-1) to more than 24.4 mu g mL(-1), a > 400% increase. There was only a slight increase in protein in the RDX unamended control bottles containing live culture, increasing from 4.8 mu g mL(-1) to 7.8 mu g mL(-1). Radiolabeled C-14-RDX confirmed mineralization of the cyclic nitramine to (CO2)-C-14. After 164 days, 35% of the radiolabel was recovered as (CO2)-C-14. This is the first report demonstrating the mineralization of RDX when it serves as a growth substrate for a mixed culture. C1 Army Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. RP Arnett, CM (reprint author), Army Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, POB 9005,2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. EM Clint.Arnett@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 53 IS 2 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.1007/s00284-005-0348-8 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 064JL UT WOS:000239085000008 PM 16802206 ER PT J AU Swietnicki, W AF Swietnicki, Wieslaw TI Folding aggregated proteins into functionally active forms SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHASE ARTIFICIAL CHAPERONE; HUMAN INTERFERON-GAMMA; HUMAN PRION PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INCLUSION-BODIES; IN-VITRO; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; GPCR FUNCTION; PURIFICATION AB The successful expression and purification of proteins in an active form is essential for structural and biochemical studies. With rapid advances in genome sequencing and high-throughput structural biology, an increasing number of proteins are being identified as potential drug targets but are difficult to obtain in a form suitable for structural or biochemical studies. Although prokaryotic recombinant expression systems are often used, proteins obtained in this way are typically found to be insoluble. Several experimental approaches have therefore been developed to refold these aggregated proteins into a biologically active form, often suitable for structural studies. The major refolding strategies adopt one of two approaches - chromatographic methods or refolding in free solution - and both routes have been successfully used to refold a range of proteins. Future advances are likely to involve the development of automated approaches for protein refolding and purification. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Integrated Toxicol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Swietnicki, W (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Integrated Toxicol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM wes.swietnicki@amedd.army.mil NR 53 TC 37 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 19 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 17 IS 4 BP 367 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2006.05.011 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 077IU UT WOS:000240023300007 PM 16740384 ER PT J AU Kim, TW Wilcoski, J Foutch, DA Lee, MS AF Kim, Tae-Wan Wilcoski, James Foutch, Douglas A. Lee, Moon Sung TI Shaketable tests of a cold-formed steel shear panel SO ENGINEERING STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE cold-formed steel; shear panel; strap; shaketable test AB Buildings composed of cold-formed steel framing systems are popular in many parts of the United States. Box-shaped columns can be built-up from cold-formed thin-walled channels. Latered bracing is often provided by cross-bracing using thin tension-only straps in selected bays. Although several static cyclic tests of individual shear panels have been conducted by several investigators, no dynamic tests have previously been conducted. Results of shaketable tests of a full-scale two-story one-bay structure are reported herein. During the large amplitude tests, the cross-bracing straps showed very ductile but highly pinched hysteresis behavior. The columns that were fixed at the top and bottom provided limited strength, stiffness, and energy dissipation because of local buckling of the thin-walled members. Analytical results reproduced the measured behavior relatively well. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Syst Engn, Suwon 440746, South Korea. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Construct Engn Res Lab, ATTN,CEERD,CF,M, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kim, TW (reprint author), Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Syst Engn, Suwon 440746, South Korea. EM tkim2@uiuc.edu; James.Wilcoski@erdc.usace.army.mil; d-foutch@uiuc.edu; moonlee@uiuc.edu NR 7 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-0296 J9 ENG STRUCT JI Eng. Struct. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 28 IS 10 BP 1462 EP 1470 DI 10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.01.014 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 061TY UT WOS:000238896800011 ER PT J AU Kiesz, RS Buszman, P Walker, MA Szewc, RG Mcqueen, MW Radvany, MG AF Kiesz, R. S. Buszman, P. Walker, M. A. Szewc, R. G. Mcqueen, M. W. Radvany, M. G. TI Plaque excision below the knee for limb salvage in patients with end stage renal disease and diabetes SO EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Congress of the European-Society-of-Cardiology/World Congress of Cardiology CY SEP 02-06, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP European Soc Cardiol, World Heart Federat C1 San Antonio Endovasc & Heart Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. L Warynski Silesian Med Acad, Katowice, Poland. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0195-668X EI 1522-9645 J9 EUR HEART J JI Eur. Heart J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 27 SU 1 BP 394 EP 394 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 086JA UT WOS:000240668402402 ER PT J AU Betts, MR Gray, CM Cox, JH Ferrari, G AF Betts, Michael R. Gray, Clive M. Cox, Josephine H. Ferrari, Guido TI Antigen-specific T-cell-mediated immunity after HIV-1 infection: implications for vaccine control of HIV development SO EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES LA English DT Review DE cellular-mediated immunity; HIV-1; vaccine ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LONG-TERM NONPROGRESSORS; LOW VIRAL LOAD; LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; CROSS-REACTIVITY; IN-VIVO; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; EXPRESSION KINETICS; CD8-T-CELL MEMORY; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD AB The definition of immune correlates of protection in HIV-1 infection is pivotal to the design of successful vaccine candidates and strategies. Although significant methodological and conceptual strides have been made in our understanding of HIV-specific cellular immunity we have not yet defined those parameters that have a role in controlling the spread of HIV infection. This review discusses the basis of our understanding of HIV-specific cellular immunity and identifies its shortcomings. Furthermore, potential protective characteristics will be proposed that may ultimately be required for an effective vaccine designed to stimulate cellular immunity against HIV-1. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Expt Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Microbiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Natl Inst Communicable Dis, AIDS Unit, ZA-2131 Johannesburg, South Africa. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Chief Cellular Immunol Sect, Div Retrovirol, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Ferrari, G (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Expt Surg, POB 2926, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM betts@mail.med.upenn.edu; cliveg@nicd.ac.za; jcox@hivresearch.org; gflmp@duke.edu RI Ferrari, Guido/A-6088-2015 NR 129 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU FUTURE DRUGS LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1476-0584 J9 EXPERT REV VACCINES JI Expert Rev. Vaccines PD AUG PY 2006 VL 5 IS 4 BP 505 EP 516 DI 10.1586/14760584.5.4.505 PG 12 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 125ZU UT WOS:000243482800019 PM 16989631 ER PT J AU Ranallo, RT Barnoy, S Thakkar, S Urick, T Venkatesan, MM AF Ranallo, Ryan T. Barnoy, Shoshana Thakkar, Sejal Urick, Tonia Venkatesan, Malabi M. TI Developing live Shigella vaccines using lambda red recombineering SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Shigella vaccine; recombination; attenuation ID ENTEROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FLEXNERI 2A; VIRULENCE PLASMID; GENOME SEQUENCE; STRAIN; GENE; IMMUNOGENICITY; CONSTRUCTION; VIRG; DELETIONS AB Live attenuated Shigella vaccines have shown promise in inducing protective immune responses in human clinical trials and as carriers of heterologous antigens from other mucosal pathogens. In the past, construction of Shigella vaccine strains relied on classical allelic exchange systems to genetically engineer the bacterial genome. These systems require extensive in vitro engineering of long homologous sequences to create recombinant replication-defective plasmids or phage. Alternatively, the lambda red recombination system from bacteriophage facilitates recombination with as little as 40 bp of homologous DNA. The process, referred to as recombineering, typically uses an inducible lambda red operon on a temperature-sensitive plasmid and optimal transformation conditions to integrate linear antibiotic resistance cassettes flanked by homologous sequences into a bacterial genome. Recent advances in recombineering have enabled modification of genomic DNA from bacterial pathogens including Salmonella, Yersinia, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, or enterohemorrhagic E. coli and Shigella. These advances in recombineering have been used to systematically delete virulence-associated genes from Shigella, creating a number of isogenic strains from multiple Shigella serotypes. These strains have been characterized for attenuation using both in vivo and in vitro assays. Based on this data, prototypic Shigella vaccine strains containing multiple deletions in virulence-associated genes have been generated. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ranallo, RT (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ryan.ranallo@na.amedd.army.mil NR 30 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0928-8244 J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 47 IS 3 BP 462 EP 469 DI 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00118.x PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 061QF UT WOS:000238886700018 PM 16872384 ER PT J AU Matrajt, G Guan, Y Leshin, L Taylor, S Genge, M Joswiak, D Brownlee, D AF Matrajt, G. Guan, Y. Leshin, L. Taylor, S. Genge, M. Joswiak, D. Brownlee, D. TI Oxygen isotope measurements of individual unmelted Antarctic micrometeorites SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID STONY COSMIC SPHERULES; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; INTERPLANETARY DUST; SOLAR-SYSTEM; ACCRETION RATE; FRACTIONATION; METEORITES; MINERALOGY; PARTICLES; IRON AB We present oxygen isotope measurements of 28 unmelted Antarctic micrometeorites measuring 150-250 mu m (long axis) collected in the South Pole water well. The micrometeorites were all unmelted and classified as either fine-grained, scoriaceous, coarse-grained or composite (a mix of two other classes). Spot analyses were made of each micrometeorite type using an ion microprobe. The oxygen isotope values were measured relative to standard mean ocean water (SMOW) and range from delta O-18 = 3 parts per thousand to 60 parts per thousand and delta O-17 = -1 parts per thousand to 32 parts per thousand falling along the terrestrial fractionation line (TFL) within 2 sigma errors. Several analytical spots (comprising multiple phases) were made on each particle. Variability in the oxygen isotope ratios was observed among micrometeorite types, between micrometeorites of the same type and between analytical spots on a single micrometeorite indicating that micrometeorites are isotopically heterogeneous. In general, the lowest isotope values are associated with the coarse-grained micrometeorites whereas most of the fine-grained and scoriaceous micrometeorites have an average delta O-18 >= 22 parts per thousand, suggesting that the matrix in micrometeorites is isotopically heavier than the anhydrous silicate phases. The oxygen isotope values for the coarse-grained micrometeorites, composed mainly of anhydrous phases, do not lie along the carbonaceous chondrite anhydrous mineral (CCAM) line, as observed for olivines, pyroxenes and some kinds of chondrules in carbonaceous chondrites, suggesting that coarse-grained MMs are not related to chondrules, as previously thought. Our measurements span the same range as values found for melted micrometeorites in other studies. Although four of the micrometeorites have oxygen isotope values lying along the TFL, close to the region where the bulk Cl carbonaceous chondrites are found, 21 particles have very enriched O-17 and O-18 values that have not been reported in previous analyses of chondrite matrix material, suggesting that they could be a new type of Solar System object. The parent bodies of the micrometeorites with higher O-18 values may be thermal metamorphosed carbonaceous asteroids that have not been found as meteorites either because they are friable asteroids that produce small particles rather than rocks upon collision with other bodies, or because the rocks they produce are too friable to survive atmospheric entry. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, IARC, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Matrajt, G (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM matrajt@astro.washington.edu NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 15 BP 4007 EP 4018 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2006.05.010 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 073TP UT WOS:000239765800017 ER PT J AU Scafetta, N West, BJ AF Scafetta, N. West, B. J. TI Reply to comment by J. L. Lean on "Estimated solar contribution to the global surface warming using the ACRIM TSI satellite composite'' SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID IRRADIANCE; CLIMATE; CYCLES C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USA, Res Off, Math & Informat Sci Directorate, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Scafetta, N (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM ns2002@duke.edu OI Scafetta, Nicola/0000-0003-0967-1911 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 15 AR L15702 DI 10.1029/2006GL025668 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 071JB UT WOS:000239596400003 ER PT J AU Kosheleva, OM Usevitch, BE Cabrera, SD Vidal, E AF Kosheleva, Olga M. Usevitch, Bryan E. Cabrera, Sergio D. Vidal, Edward, Jr. TI Rate distortion optimal bit allocation methods for volumetric data using JPEG 2000 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE bit-rate allocation; data compression; image coding; JPEG2000; multidimensional coding; rate distortion theory AB Computer modeling programs that generate three-dimensional (3-D) data on fine grids are capable of generating very large amounts of information. These data sets, as well as 3-D sensor/measured data sets, are prime candidates for the application of data compression algorithms. A very flexible and powerful compression algorithm for imagery data is the newly released JPEG 2000 standard. JPEG 2000 also has the capability to compress volumetric data, as described in Part 2 of the standard, by treating the 3-D data as separate slices. As a decoder standard, JPEG 2000 does not describe any specific method to allocate bits among the separate slices. This paper proposes two new bit allocation algorithms for accomplishing this task. The first procedure is rate distortion optimal (for mean squared error), and is conceptually similar to postcompression rate distortion optimization used for coding codeblocks within JPEG 2000. The disadvantage of this approach is its high computational complexity. The second bit allocation algorithm, here called the mixed model (MM) approach, mathematically models each slice's rate distortion curve using two distinct regions to get more accurate modeling at low bit rates. These two bit allocation algorithms are applied to a 3-D Meteorological data set. Test results show that the MM approach gives distortion results that are nearly identical to the optimal approach, while significantly reducing computational complexity. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. RP Kosheleva, OM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM olga@ece.utep.edu; use-vitch@ece.utep.edu; cabrera@ece.utep.edu; develone@sbcglobal.net NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7149 EI 1941-0042 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 8 BP 2106 EP 2112 DI 10.1109/TIP.2006.875216 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 067FJ UT WOS:000239286900002 PM 16900668 ER PT J AU Espina, M Olive, AJ Kenjale, R Moore, DS Ausar, SF Kaminski, RW Oaks, EV Middaugh, CR Picking, WD Picking, WL AF Espina, Marianela Olive, Andrew J. Kenjale, Roma Moore, David S. Ausar, S. Fernando Kaminski, Robert W. Oaks, Edwin V. Middaugh, C. Russell Picking, William D. Picking, Wendy L. TI IpaD localizes to the tip of the type III secretion system needle of Shigella flexneri SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM SPECTRA; ANTIGEN-C IPAC; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; HOST MEMBRANES; V-ANTIGEN; TRANSLOCATION PORE; INVASION; PLASMID AB Shigella flexneri, the causative agent of shigellosis, is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen that initiates infection by invading cells within the colonic epithelium. Contact with host cell surfaces induces a rapid burst of protein secretion via the Shigella type III secretion system (TTSS). The first proteins secreted are IpaD, IpaB, and IpaC, with IpaB and IpaC being inserted into the host cell membrane to form a pore for translocating late effectors into the target cell cytoplasm. The resulting pathogen-host cross talk results in localized actin polymerization, membrane ruffling, and, ultimately, pathogen entry. IpaD is essential for host cell invasion, but its role in this process is just now coming to light. IpaD is a multifunctional protein that controls the secretion and presentation of IpaB and IpaC at the pathogen-host interface. We show here that antibodies recognizing the surface-exposed N terminus of IpaD neutralize Shigella's ability to promote pore formation in erythrocyte membranes. We further show that MxiH and IpaD colocalize on the bacterial surface. When TTSS needles were sheared from the Shigella surface, IpaD was found at only the needle tips. Consistent with this, IpaD localized to the exposed tips of needles that were still attached to the bacterium. Molecular analyses then showed that the IpaD C terminus is required for this surface localization and function. Furthermore, mutations that prevent IpaD surface localization also eliminate all IpaD-related functions. Thus, this study demonstrates that IpaD localizes to the TTSA needle tip, where it functions to control the secretion and proper insertion of translocators into host cell membranes. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Mol Biosci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Kansas, KU Ctr Res Inc, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Picking, WL (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Mol Biosci, 1200 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM pickingw@ku.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI034428, AI057927, R01 AI034428, R01 AI057927, R29 AI034428]; PHS HHS [NIH39334] NR 46 TC 115 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 74 IS 8 BP 4391 EP 4400 DI 10.1128/IAI.00440-06 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 068NO UT WOS:000239381400001 PM 16861624 ER PT J AU Mahajan, B Noiva, R Yadava, A Zheng, H Majam, V Mohan, KVK Moch, JK Haynes, JD Nakhasi, H Kumar, S AF Mahajan, B. Noiva, R. Yadava, A. Zheng, H. Majam, V. Mohan, K. V. Krishna Moch, J. K. Haynes, J. D. Nakhasi, H. Kumar, S. TI Protein disulfide isomerase assisted protein folding in malaria parasites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; protein disulfide isomerase; EBA-175; folding ID APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1; PROTIST GIARDIA-LAMBLIA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; BOND FORMATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MOLECULAR CHAPERONES; VACCINE CANDIDATE; PICHIA-PASTORIS; ACTIVE-SITES AB In eukaryotes, the formation of protein disulfide bonds among cysteine residues is mediated by protein disulfide isomerases and occurs in the highly oxidised environment of the endoplasmic reticulum. This process is poorly understood in malaria parasites. In this paper, we report the gene isolation, sequence and phylogenetic comparisons, protein structure and thioredoxin-domain analyses of nine protein disulfide isomerases-like molecules from five species of malaria parasites including Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax (human), Plasmodium knowlesi (simian) and Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium yoelii (murine). Four of the studied protein disulfide isomerases belong to P. falciparum malaria and have been named PfPDI-8, PtPDI-9, PfPDI-11 and PfPDI-14, based on their chromosomal location. Among these, PfPDI-8 bears the closest similarity to a prototype PDI molecule with two thioredoxin domains (containing CGHC active sites) and a C-terminal Endoplasmic reticulum retrieval signal, SEEL. PfPDI-8 is expressed during all stages of parasite life cycle and is highly conserved (82-96% identity at amino acid level) in the other four Plasmodium species studied. Detailed biochemical analysis of PfPDI-8 revealed that this molecule is a potent oxido-reductase enzyme that facilitated the disulfide-dependent conformational folding of EBA-175, a leading malaria vaccine candidate. These studies open the avenues to understand the process of protein folding and secretory pathway in malaria parasites that in turn might aid in the production of superior recombinant vaccines and provide novel drug targets. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. C1 US FDA, Div Emerging & Transfus Transmitted Dis, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20895 USA. Univ S Dakota, Sch Med, Div Basic Biomed Sci, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), US FDA, Div Emerging & Transfus Transmitted Dis, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20895 USA. EM sanjai.kumar@fda.hhs.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM073421-01] NR 52 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 36 IS 9 BP 1037 EP 1048 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.04.012 PG 12 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 077RP UT WOS:000240048000007 PM 16806221 ER PT J AU Duan, Y Keefe, M Bogetti, TA Cheeseman, BA Powers, B AF Duan, Y Keefe, M Bogetti, TA Cheeseman, BA Powers, B TI A numerical investigation of the influence of friction on energy absorption by a high-strength fabric subjected to ballistic impact SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ballistic impact; fabric; friction; failure; finite element analysis ID PERFORATION; PROJECTILE; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM; ARMOR AB A finite element analysis was conducted to study the influence of friction during ballistic impact of a rigid sphere onto a square fabric panel that was firmly clamped along its four edges. Projectile-fabric friction and yarn-yarn friction were investigated. Modeling indicates that friction dramatically affects the local fabric structure at the impact region by hindering the lateral mobility of principal yarns. Reduction of lateral yarn mobility allows the projectile to load and break more yarns so that fabric possessing a high level of friction absorbs more energy than fabric with no friction. The projectile-fabric friction delays yarn breakage by distributing the maximum stress along the periphery of the projectile-fabric contact zone. The delay of yarn breakage substantially increases the fabric energy absorption during the later stages of the impact. The yarn-yarn friction hinders the relative motion between yarns and thus resists de-crimping of fabric weave tightness. It induces the fabric to fail earlier during the impact process. The overall influence of projectile-fabric friction and yarn-yarn friction cannot be calculated by simply adding their individual effects. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Duan, Y (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM duan@ccm.udel.edu RI Duan, Yiping/A-5541-2011 NR 16 TC 87 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1299 EP 1312 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2004.11.005 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 028YV UT WOS:000236525600006 ER PT J AU Brietzke, SE Kenna, M Katz, ES Mitchell, E Roberson, D AF Brietzke, Scott E. Kenna, Margaret Katz, Eliot S. Mitchell, Elisabeth Roberson, David TI Pediatric adenoidectomy: What is the effect of obstructive symptoms on the likelihood of future surgery? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pediatric-Otolaryngology CY MAY 27-30, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Pediat Otolaryngol DE adenoidectomy; tonsillectomy; airway obstruction ID SLEEP-APNEA; NASAL BECLOMETHASONE; CHILDREN; HYPERTROPHY; TONSILLECTOMY; INFANTS; SIZE AB Objective: Determine if pediatric patients undergoing adenoidectomy for obstruction have an increased likelihood of undergoing eventual tonsillectomy and/or second adenoidectomy over extended follow-up. Methods: Retrospective cohort study within the ambulatory surgery component of a tertiary children's hospital. Exclusion criteria consisted of the presence of significant co-morbid conditions (obesity, craniofacial syndrome, cerebral palsy, etc.) and less than 1 year of post-adenoidectomy follow-up. The study population included 100 children (mean age = 3.9 years, range 0.9-15 years) randomly selected from a financial billing database undergoing adenoidectomy either with pre-operative obstructive symptoms (OB n = 52) or without pre-operative obstructive symptoms (NOB n = 48) with a minimum of 1 year of retrospective follow-up. Electronic records were searched for subsequent surgery (tonsillectomy and/or revision adenoidectomy). Results: Overall, 29 of 100 children (29%) underwent subsequent surgery (tonsillectomy and/or revision adenoidectomy) over an average of 3.46 years (range 1.0-6.59 years) retrospective follow-up. Children in the OB group were three times more likely (age, sex adjusted odds ratio = 3.03, 95% confidence interval = 1.18-7.78 p = 0.021) than children in the NOB group to require tonsillectomy or second adenoidectomy. Age less than 2 years at time of initial adenoidectomy also suggested an increased likelihood of subsequent surgery. Conclusion: Children undergoing adenoidectomy with obstructive symptoms are more likely to require eventual tonsillectomy and/or second adenoidectomy than those undergoing adenoidectomy without obstruction. However, the low absolute likelihood of future surgery precludes a generalized recommendation for tonsillectomy in these children. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Childrens Hosp Boston, Dept Otolaryngol & Commun Disorders, Boston, MA USA. Childrens Hosp Boston, Dept Pulmonol, Boston, MA USA. RP Brietzke, SE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM sebrietzke@msn.com NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0165-5876 J9 INT J PEDIATR OTORHI JI Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 70 IS 8 BP 1467 EP 1472 DI 10.1016/j.ijporl.2006.03.009 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics SC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics GA 061KE UT WOS:000238870200019 PM 16650485 ER PT J AU Keith, MP Gilliland, WR AF Keith, Michael P. Gilliland, William R. TI Polymyalgia rheumatica and breast cancer SO JCR-JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE paraneoplastic syndrome; malignancy; breast cancer; polymyalgia rheumatica ID GIANT-CELL ARTERITIS; TEMPORAL ARTERITIS; MALIGNANCY AB Polymyalgia rheumatica is infrequently the initial manifestation of underlying malignancy. A patient is described with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast presenting with left breast mass and polymyalgia rheumatica (PNM)-like symptoms. Physicians should consider an associated malignancy in PMR when patients present with atypical features such as young age, modest elevation of the sedimentation rate, and incomplete response to corticosteroids. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Rheumatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Keith, MP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Rheumatol Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM mpkeith@bethesda.med.navy.mil NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-1608 J9 JCR-J CLIN RHEUMATOL JI JCR-J. Clin. Rheumatol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 199 EP 200 DI 10.1097/01.rhu.0000231359.41352.c0 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 071OK UT WOS:000239611300010 PM 16891926 ER PT J AU Waibel, KH AF Waibel, Kirk H. TI Aspiration before immunotherapy injection is not required SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID FATAL REACTIONS C1 Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Allergy Immunol Serv, Dept Med, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Waibel, KH (reprint author), Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Allergy Immunol Serv, Dept Med, Hospital Rd,Bldg 300, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 118 IS 2 BP 525 EP 526 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.04.008 PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 075IH UT WOS:000239877700035 PM 16890784 ER PT J AU Calhoun, R Heap, R Princevac, M Newsom, R Fernando, H Ligon, D AF Calhoun, R. Heap, R. Princevac, M. Newsom, R. Fernando, H. Ligon, D. TI Virtual towers using coherent Doppler lidar during the Joint Urban 2003 dispersion experiment SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX; FLOW; WIND AB During the Joint Urban 2003 (JU2003) atmospheric field experiment in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, of July 2003, lidar teams from Arizona State University and the Army Research Laboratory collaborated to perform intersecting range-height indicator scans. Because a single lidar measures radial winds, that is, the dot product of the wind vector with a unit vector pointing along the lidar beam, the data from two lidars viewing from different directions can be combined to produce horizontal velocity vectors. Analysis programs were written to retrieve horizontal velocity vectors for a series of eight vertical profiles to the southwest (approximately upwind) of the downtown urban core. This technique has the following unique characteristics that make it well suited for urban meteorology studies: 1) continuous vertical profiles from far above the building heights to down into the street canyons can be measured and 2) the profiles can extend to very near the ground without a loss of accuracy ( assuming clear lines of site). The period of time analyzed spans from 1400 to 1730 UTC (0900-1230 local time) on 9 July 2003. Both shear and convective heating are important during the development of the boundary layer over this period of time. Differences in 10- and 20-min mean profiles show the effect of the variation of position approaching the urban core; for example, several hundred meters above the ground, velocity magnitudes for profiles separated by less than a kilometer may differ by over 1 m s(-1). The effect of the increased roughness associated with the central business district can be seen as a deceleration of the velocity and a turning of the wind direction as the flow approaches the core, up to approximately 10 degrees for some profiles. This effect is evident below 400-500 m both in the wind directions and magnitudes. Recommendations are given for how this type of data can be used in a comparison with model data. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mech Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Harris Corp, Melbourne, FL 32919 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Calhoun, R (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Main Campus,POB 876106, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM ron.calhoun@asu.edu NR 13 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 45 IS 8 BP 1116 EP 1126 DI 10.1175/JAM2391.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 085RN UT WOS:000240622200006 ER PT J AU Wenke, JC Owens, BD Svoboda, SJ Brooks, DE AF Wenke, J. C. Owens, B. D. Svoboda, S. J. Brooks, D. E. TI Effectiveness of commercially-available antibiotic-impregnated implants SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-BRITISH VOLUME LA English DT Article ID BONE-GRAFT SUBSTITUTE; CALCIUM-SULFATE; TOBRAMYCIN; INFECTION; PELLETS; CEMENT; TRIAL AB The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of antibiotic-impregnated implants in the prevention of bone infection. We used a model of contaminated fracture in goats to evaluate four treatment groups: no treatment, hand-made tobramycin-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate beads, commercially-available tobramycin-impregnated calcium sulphate pellets and commercially-available tobramycin-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate beads. Three weeks after intraosseous inoculation with streptomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus tissue cultures showed no evidence of infection in any of the antibiotic-treated groups. All of the cultures were positive in the untreated group. These results show that effective local antibiotic delivery can be obtained with both commercially-available products and with hand-made polymethylmethacrylate beads. The calcium sulphate pellets have the advantage of being bioabsorbable, thereby obviating the need for a second procedure to remove them. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Wenke, JC (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave,Ft Sam, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM joseph.wenke@us.army.mil NR 14 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH EDITORIAL SOC BONE JOINT SURGERY PI LONDON PA 22 BUCKINGHAM STREET, LONDON WC2N 6ET, ENGLAND SN 0301-620X J9 J BONE JOINT SURG BR JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Br. Vol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 88B IS 8 BP 1102 EP 1104 DI 10.1302/0301-620X.88B8.17368 PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 074TP UT WOS:000239835000024 PM 16877615 ER PT J AU Pantsari, MW Harrison, SA AF Pantsari, Matthew W. Harrison, Stephen A. TI Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease presenting with an isolated elevated alkaline phosphatase SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article DE nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH; alkaline phosphatase ID FIBROSIS; STEATOHEPATITIS; OBESITY AB Goals: To define a subset of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with isolated elevations in alkaline phophatase. Background: NAFLD is a common referral to Gastroenterologists and Hepatologists. We have noted a subset of patients with biopsy proven NAFLD who present with an isolated elevation in alkaline phosphatase instead of the more typical aminotransferase elevations. Study: A review of the liver biopsy database at Brooke Army Medical Center was performed with the key identifiers of "steatosis" and "steatohepatitis." Patients were separated into 2 groups depending on whether they presented with isolated elevated alkaline phosphatase (group 1), or more typical aminotransferase elevations (group 2). Multiple variables were analyzed to determine any significant differences between these groups. Results: A total of 297 liver biopsies were evaluated. Of these, 135 biopsies were included in the study. Group 1 consisted of 14 patients and group 2 had 121 patients. Patients in group 1 were more likely to be older females (P < 0.05). Within group 1, those with steatohepatitis were older than those with steatosis (P < 0.05). When analyzed with regard to histopathology, patients with steatosis in group 1 were more likely female than group 2 patients (P = 0.03). Those with steatohepatitis in group 1 were older than group 2 patients (P = 0.001). Five of the 7 patients with steatohepatitis in group 1 had advanced liver disease at the time of biopsy. Conclusions: Older female patients with isolated elevated alkaline phosphatase and risk factors for NAFLD should be evaluated for evidence of significant steatohepatitis. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Harrison, SA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM stephen.harrison@amedd.army.mil NR 9 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0192-0790 J9 J CLIN GASTROENTEROL JI J. Clin. Gastroenterol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 40 IS 7 BP 633 EP 635 DI 10.1097/00004836-200608000-00015 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 073YG UT WOS:000239778000014 PM 16917408 ER PT J AU Law, DKS Lorange, M Ringuette, L Dion, R Giguere, M Henderson, AM Stoltz, J Zollinger, WD De Wals, P Tsang, RSW AF Law, Dennis K. S. Lorange, Manon Ringuette, Louise Dion, Rejean Giguere, Michel Henderson, Averil M. Stoltz, Jan Zollinger, Wendell D. De Wals, Philippe Tsang, Raymond S. W. TI Invasive meningococcal disease in Quebec, Canada, due to an emerging clone of ST-269 serogroup B meningococci with serotype antigen 17 and serosubtype antigen P1.19 (B : 17 : P1.19) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MASS IMMUNIZATION CAMPAIGN; SIAD PCR-ELISA; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; UNITED-STATES; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; PORA TYPES; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; DIVERSITY AB During periods of endemic meningococcal disease, serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis is responsible for a significant percentage of invasive diseases, and no particular clone or strain predominates (F. E. Ashton and D. A. Caugant, Can. J. Microbiol. 47: 293-289, 2001), However, in the winter of 2004 to 2005, a cluster of serogroup B meningococcal disease occurred in one region in the province of Quebec, Canada. The N. meningitidis strain responsible for this cluster of cases was identified as sequence type ST-269 with the antigenic formula B:17:P1.19. Retrospective analysis of isolates from 2000 onwards showed that this clone first emerged in the province of Quebec in 2003. The emergence of this clone of serogroup B meningococci occurred after a mass vaccination against serogroup C N. meningitidis, suggesting possible capsule replacement. C1 Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. Inst Natl Sante Publ Quebec, Lab Sante Publ Quebec, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada. Agence Sante & Serv Sociaux Chaudiere Appalaches, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Laval, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Inst Natl Sante Publ Quebec, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. RP Tsang, RSW (reprint author), Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, 1015 Arlington St, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. EM raymond_tsang@phac-aspc.gc.ca RI Zollinger, Wendell/B-2887-2011 NR 34 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 44 IS 8 BP 2743 EP 2749 DI 10.1128/JCM.00601-06 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 076UG UT WOS:000239982800011 PM 16891487 ER PT J AU Ecker, JA Massire, C Hall, TA Ranken, R Pennella, TTD Ivy, CA Blyn, LB Hofstadler, SA Endy, TP Scott, PT Lindler, L Hamilton, T Gaddy, C Snow, K Pe, M Fishbain, J Craft, D Deye, G Riddell, S Milstrey, E Petruccelli, B Brisse, S Harpin, V Schink, A Ecker, DJ Sampath, R Eshoo, MW AF Ecker, Joseph A. Massire, Christian Hall, Thomas A. Ranken, Raymond Pennella, Thuy-Trang D. Ivy, Cristina Agasino Blyn, Lawrence B. Hofstadler, Steven A. Endy, Timothy P. Scott, Paul T. Lindler, Luther Hamilton, Tacita Gaddy, Charla Snow, Kerry Pe, Marie Fishbain, Joel Craft, David Deye, Gregory Riddell, Scott Milstrey, Eric Petruccelli, Bruno Brisse, Sylvain Harpin, Vanessa Schink, Amy Ecker, David J. Sampath, Rangarajan Eshoo, Mark W. TI Identification of Acinetobacter species and genotyping of Acinetobacter baumannii by multilocus PCR and mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA RESTRICTION ANALYSIS; UNITED-KINGDOM; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; TYPING METHODS; HOSPITALS; OUTBREAK; STRAINS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Members of the genus Acinetobacter are ubiquitous in soil and water and are an important cause of nosocomial infections. A rapid method is needed to genotype Acinetobacter isolates to determine epidemiology and clonality during infectious outbreaks. Multilocus PCR followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) is a method that uses the amplicon base compositions to genotype bacterial species. In order to identify regions of the Acinetobacter genome useful for this method, we sequenced regions of six housekeeping genes (trpE, adk, efp, mutY, fumC, and ppa) from 267 isolates of Acinetobacter. Isolates were collected from infected and colonized soldiers and civilians involved in an outbreak in the military health care system associated with the conflict in Iraq, from previously characterized outbreaks in European hospitals, and from culture collections. Most of the isolates from the Iraqi conflict were Acinetobacter baumannii (189 of 216 isolates). Among these, Ill isolates had genotypes identical or very similar to those associated with well-characterized A. baumannii isolates from European hospitals. Twenty-seven isolates from the conflict were found to have genotypes representing different Acinetobacter species, including 8 representatives of Acinetobacter genomospecies 13TU and 13 representatives of Acinetobacter genomospecies 3. Analysis by the PCR/ESI-MS method using nine primer pairs targeting the most information-rich regions of the trpE, adk, mutY, fumC, and ppa genes distinguished 47 of the 48 A. baumannii genotypes identified by sequencing and identified at the species level at least 18 Acinetobacter species. Results obtained with our genotyping method were essentially in agreement with those obtained by pulse-field gel electrophoresis analysis. The PCR/ ESI-MS genotyping method required 4 h of analysis time to first answer with additional samples subsequently analyzed every 10 min. This rapid analysis allows tracking of transmission for the implementation of appropriate infection control measures on a time scale previously not achievable. C1 ISIS Pharmaceut Inc, Ibis Biosci, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany. Inst Pasteur, INSERM, U389, Unite Biodivers Bacteries Pathogenes Emergentes, F-75724 Paris 15, France. RP Eshoo, MW (reprint author), ISIS Pharmaceut Inc, Ibis Biosci, 1891 Rutherford Rd, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. EM meshoo@isisph.com NR 47 TC 127 Z9 133 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 44 IS 8 BP 2921 EP 2932 DI 10.1128/JCM.00619-06 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 076UG UT WOS:000239982800037 PM 16891513 ER PT J AU Park, H Lee, K Lee, SW Kim, K AF Park, Hun Lee, Keejoo Lee, Sung W. Kim, Ki TI Dynamic analysis of nonlinear composite structures under pressure wave loading SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE blast wave; dynamic response; progressive damage models; strain-rate effect; nonlinear solid shell element formulation ID LAMINATED COMPOSITES; STRAIN; MODEL AB The effect of progressive damages in composite materials is incorporated into a geometrically nonlinear solid shell element formulation to investigate the dynamic response of composite structures under the blast wave pressure loading. The effect of material damages such as fiber failures, matrix cracking, and fiber-matrix shearing failures on the behavior of composite structures is addressed via reducing their stiffness corresponding to detected failures. Two separate failure criteria are used for unidirectional and woven composites. In addition, the strain-rate effect on the material strength is taken into account. For the dynamic formulation, the trapezoidal rule is chosen for the time integration. Various numerical analyses of composite panels are conducted under the static and dynamic loading conditions to validate the effectiveness of the present formulation. The analysis results clearly exhibit the significant effect of material damages on the structural behavior of the composite panels. Also, the analysis results are in good agreement with the available experimental data. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD USA. RP Lee, SW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM lee@eng.umd.edu NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 40 IS 15 BP 1361 EP 1383 DI 10.1177/0021998306059718 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 077IB UT WOS:000240021400003 ER PT J AU Molstad, J Boyd, P Markunas, J Smith, DJ Smith, E Gordon, E Dinan, JH AF Molstad, Jay Boyd, Phil Markunas, Justin Smith, David J. Smith, Ed Gordon, Eli Dinan, J. H. TI Epitaxial growth of CdTe on (211) silicon mesas formed by deep reactive ion etching SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE molecular beam epitaxy (MBE); CdTe; focal plane array; threading dislocations ID THREADING DISLOCATIONS; COMPLETE REMOVAL; REDUCTION; SUBSTRATE; MISFIT; ELIMINATION; AREA; QUALITY; LAYERS; GAAS AB By patterning a (211) Si substrate wafer into mesas and depositing CdTe onto this substrate by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), we achieved the removal of nearly all threading dislocations from the epilayer. Faceting of mesa surfaces is observed and characterized. Deposition of CdTe on mesa sidewalls nucleates stacking faults along the (111) planes, which result in nonradiative carrier recombination. The density of these stacking faults can be reduced if care is taken to align the molecular beams from the effusion cells with particular crystallographic directions of the substrate. C1 USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Raytheon Vis Syst, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. RP Dinan, JH (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. EM jack.dinan@nvl.army.mil NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1636 EP 1640 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0210-1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 078AE UT WOS:000240072400006 ER PT J AU Gruppo, LQ AF Gruppo, Leonard Q., Jr. TI Intravenous Zofran for headache SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Gruppo, LQ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 31 IS 2 BP 228 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2006.05.009 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 067UL UT WOS:000239328000018 PM 17044590 ER PT J AU Nagata, LP Hu, WG Parker, M Chau, D Rayner, GA Schmaltz, FL Wong, JP AF Nagata, Les P. Hu, Wei-Gang Parker, Michael Chau, Damon Rayner, George A. Schmaltz, Fay L. Wong, Jonathan P. TI Infectivity variation and genetic diversity among strains of Western equine encephalitis virus SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEMLIKI-FOREST-VIRUS; SINDBIS VIRUS; E2 GLYCOPROTEIN; NEONATAL MICE; CELL-CULTURE; PROTEIN; NEUROVIRULENCE; PATHOGENESIS; EVOLUTION; VIRULENCE AB Variation in infectivity and genetic diversity in the structural proteins were compared among eight strains of Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) to investigate WEEV virulence at the molecular level. A lethal intranasal infectivity model of WEEV was developed in adult BALB/c mice. All eight strains examined were 100 % lethal to adult mice in this model, but they varied considerably in the time to death. Based on the time to death, the eight strains could be classified into two pathotypes: a high-virulence pathotype, consisting of strains California, Fleming and McMillan, and a low-virulence pathotype, comprising strains CBA87, Mn548, B11, Mn520 and 71V-1658. To analyse genetic diversity in the structural protein genes, 26S RNAs from these eight strains were cloned and sequenced and found to have > 96 % nucleotide and amino acid identity. A cluster diagram divided the eight WEEV strains into two genotypes that matched the pathotype grouping exactly, suggesting that variation in infectivity can be attributed to genetic diversity in the structural proteins among these eight strains. Furthermore, potential amino acid differences in some positions between the two groups were identified, suggesting that these amino acid variations contributed to the observed differences in virulence. C1 Def Res & Dev Canada, Chem & Biol Def Sect, Stn Main, Medicine Hat, AB T1A 8K6, Canada. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Nagata, LP (reprint author), Def Res & Dev Canada, Chem & Biol Def Sect, Stn Main, Box 4000, Medicine Hat, AB T1A 8K6, Canada. EM les.nagata@drdc-rddc.gc.ca NR 35 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 87 BP 2353 EP 2361 DI 10.1099/vir.0.81815-0 PN 8 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 071OW UT WOS:000239612500026 PM 16847131 ER PT J AU Daly, SF Ettema, R AF Daly, Steven F. Ettema, Robert TI Frazil ice blockage of water intakes in the Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE intakes; water supply; Great Lakes; nearshore; laboratory tests ID ANCHOR-ICE; EVOLUTION; MICHIGAN AB Each winter, municipal water supply and thermal power plants drawing water from the Great Lakes face the problem of their water intakes becoming blocked by frazil ice formed in the lakes. Little is known about the manner in which frazil forms, how it is drawn down to the depths at which the intakes are located, and how to prevent frazil from fully blocking intakes. This paper presents an overview of frazil formation and intake blockage in the Great Lakes. The paper first reviews the current understanding of the processes of frazil formation and intake blockage, and it adds new insight regarding the processes. It then describes the problem by way of case-study examples of frazil blockage of two intakes in Lake Michigan. Based on the case studies, and experiences with other intakes in the Great Lakes, the paper outlines methods for monitoring and mitigating frazil blockage. Two options are recommended: monitoring rate of water level drop in the pump forebay onshore from the intake, and rate of headloss increase between the intake and the forebay. Laboratory modeling of intake blockage is then presented. C1 USA, ERDC Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03779 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Civil Environm Engn & IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Daly, SF (reprint author), USA, ERDC Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03779 USA. EM steven.f.daly@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2006 VL 132 IS 8 BP 814 EP 824 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2006)132:8(814) PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 064FS UT WOS:000239075200007 ER PT J AU Tate, JN Berger, RC Stockstill, RL AF Tate, Jennifer N. Berger, R. C. Stockstill, Richard L. TI Refinement indicator for mesh adaption in shallow-water modeling SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; simulation; computation; shallow water ID EQUATIONS; ERROR AB Automatic mesh refinement can create suitable resolution for a hydrodynamic simulation in a computationally efficient manner. Development of an automatic adaptive procedure will rely on estimating and/or controlling computational error by adapting the mesh parameters with respect to a particular measurement. Since a primary source of error in a discrete approximation of the shallow-water equations is inadequate mesh resolution, an adaptive mesh can be an efficient approach to increase accuracy. This paper introduces a simple indicator for the shallow water equations that measures the error in a norm of mass conservation to determine which elements require refinement or coarsening. The resulting adaptive grid gives results comparable to a much higher resolution (uniformly refined) mesh with less computational expense. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Tate, JN (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM jennifer.n.tate@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2006 VL 132 IS 8 BP 854 EP 857 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2006)132:8(854) PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 064FS UT WOS:000239075200011 ER PT J AU Juliano, TF Forster, AM Drzal, PL Weerasooriya, T Moy, P VanLandingham, MR AF Juliano, Thomas F. Forster, Aaron M. Drzal, Peter L. Weerasooriya, Tusit Moy, Paul VanLandingham, Mark R. TI Multiscale mechanical characterization of biomimetic physically associating gels SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER GELS; INSTRUMENTED INDENTATION; VISCOELASTIC CHARACTERIZATION; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER; SELECTIVE SOLVENT; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; MORPHOLOGY; RHEOLOGY; GELATION AB The mechanical response of living tissue is important to understanding the injury-risk associated with impact events. Often, ballistic gelatin or synthetic materials are developed to serve as tissue surrogates in mechanical testing. Unfortunately, current materials are not optimal and present several experimental challenges. Bulk measurement techniques, such as compression and shear testing geometries, do not fully represent the stress states and rate of loading experienced in an actual impact event. Indentation testing induces deviatoric stress states as well as strain rates not typically available to bulk measurement equipment. In this work, a ballistic gelatin and two styrene-isoprene triblock copolymer gels are tested and compared using both macroscale and microscale measurements. A methodology is presented to conduct instrumented indentation experiments on materials with a modulus far below 1 MPa. The synthetic triblock copolymer gels were much easier to test than the ballistic gelatin. Compared to ballistic gelatin, both copolymer gels were found to have a greater degree of thermal stability. All of the materials exhibit strain-rate dependence, although the magnitude of dependence was a function of the loading rate and testing method. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. PPG Ind Inc, Allison Pk, PA 15101 USA. RP VanLandingham, MR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mvanlandingham@arl.army.mil NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 8 BP 2084 EP 2092 DI 10.1557/JMR.2006.0254 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 072LL UT WOS:000239674800026 ER PT J AU Wereszczak, AA Lin, HT Gilde, GA AF Wereszczak, Andrew A. Lin, Hua-Tay Gilde, Gary A. TI The effect of grain growth on hardness in hot-pressed silicon carbides SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ARMOR CERAMICS C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ceram Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US Army Res Lab, Survivabil Mat Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Wereszczak, AA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ceram Sci & Technol Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wereszczakaa@ornl.gov RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 15 BP 4996 EP 5000 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0110-z PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 070XF UT WOS:000239559100046 ER PT J AU Fewster, CJ Pfenning, MJ AF Fewster, Christopher J. Pfenning, Michael J. TI Quantum energy inequalities and local covariance. I. Globally hyperbolic spacetimes SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MICROLOCAL SPECTRUM CONDITION; TIME ORDERED PRODUCTS; FIELD-THEORY; CURVED SPACETIME; FLAT SPACETIME; SCALAR FIELD; PASSIVITY; TOPOLOGY; DENSITY AB We begin a systematic study of quantum energy inequalities (QEIs) in relation to local covariance. We define notions of locally covariant QEIs of both "absolute" and "difference" types and show that existing QEIs satisfy these conditions. Local covariance permits us to place constraints on the renormalized stress-energy tensor in one spacetime using QEIs derived in another, in subregions where the two spacetimes are isometric. This is of particular utility where one of the two spacetimes exhibits a high degree of symmetry and the QEIs are available in simple closed form. Various general applications are presented, including a priori constraints (depending only on geometric quantities) on the ground-state energy density in a static spacetime containing locally Minkowskian regions. In addition, we present a number of concrete calculations in both two and four dimensions that demonstrate the consistency of our bounds with various known ground- and thermal-state energy densities. Examples considered include the Rindler and Misner spacetimes, and spacetimes with toroidal spatial sections. In this paper we confine the discussion to globally hyperbolic spacetimes; subsequent papers will also discuss spacetimes with boundary and other related issues. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ York, Dept Math, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Fewster, CJ (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Math, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. EM cjf3@york.ac.uk; Michael.Pfenning@usma.edu OI Fewster, Christopher John/0000-0001-8915-5321 NR 57 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 47 IS 8 AR 082303 DI 10.1063/1.2212669 PG 39 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 080HA UT WOS:000240237300013 ER PT J AU Heraud, JM Golding, H Edghill-Smith, Y Manischewitz, J King, LR Tsai, WP Hryniewicz, A Ayala, V Kalyanaraman, V Silvera, P Bray, M Seder, R Hooper, JW Franchini, G AF Heraud, Jean-Michel Golding, Hana Edghill-Smith, Yvette Manischewitz, Jody King, Lisa R. Tsai, Wen-Po Hryniewicz, Anna Ayala, Victor Kalyanaraman, V. S. Silvera, Peter Bray, Mike Seder, Robert Hooper, Jay W. Franchini, Genoveffa TI Protection from lethal monkeypox challenge afforded by a four-gene-combination DNA vaccine followed by boosting with CpG-adjuvanted monkeypox proteins plus CpG SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Adv Biosci Labs, Bethesda, MD 20895 USA. So Res Inst, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Vaccine Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RI HERAUD, Jean-Michel/O-1464-2013 OI HERAUD, Jean-Michel/0000-0003-1107-0859 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4-5 MA 120 BP 317 EP 317 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 063GU UT WOS:000239007300131 ER PT J AU Sundar, RS Deevi, S AF Sundar, Rangaraj S. Deevi, Sarojini TI CO oxidation activity of Cu-CeO2 nano-composite catalysts prepared by laser vaporization and controlled condensation SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nanocatalyst; laser ablation; CO oxidation; non-equilibrium processing; temperature programmed reduction; nanocomposite; cerium oxide ID CARBON-MONOXIDE OXIDATION; CEO2-ZRO2 SOLID-SOLUTIONS; COPPER-OXIDE; CUO-CEO2 CATALYSTS; DOPED CERIA; OXYGEN; METAL; HYDROGEN; METHANE; CUO AB Ceria supported copper catalysts were synthesized by laser vaporization and controlled condensation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The catalytic activity of the nanopowders for CO oxidation reaction was tested in a fixed bed flow tube reactor in Ar-20%O-2-4%CO mixture. Irrespective of the copper content, the catalytic activity of the nanopowders is similar in the initial CO test, and the catalytic activity improves (i.e. the light-off temperature decreases) during a subsequent run. The lowest light-off temperature during the second run is recorded in the material with 20% copper. TEM studies on 20%Cu-CeO2 sample in the as-prepared condition and after CO test exhibit two types of ceria particles namely, polygonal particles 3-5 nm in size and spherical particles of 15-20 nm in size. Rapid cooling of the nanoparticles formed during the laser ablation results in incorporation of a large amount of copper within the ceria as solid solution. Presence of solid solution of copper is confirmed by EDAX and electron diffraction analyses. In addition, copper-rich surface layer of Cu2O is found over the spherical particles. The cerium oxide components are essentially identical before and after CO test, except that the polygonal CeO2 particles contain newly formed fine crystals of CuO. TPR results reveal two reduction peaks, which further supports, the presence of two different copper species in the material. The shift in light-off temperature during the second run is attributed to the synergistic interaction between newly formed CuO crystals with the CeO2 matrix. C1 Philip Morris Inc, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. RP Deevi, S (reprint author), Philip Morris Inc, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. EM sarojini.devi@pmusa.com NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 8 IS 3-4 BP 497 EP 509 DI 10.1007/s11051-005-9030-0 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 074LE UT WOS:000239812900019 ER PT J AU Liu, MC Akle, V Zheng, WR Kitlen, J O'Steen, B Larner, SF Dave, JR Tortella, FC Hayes, RL Wang, KKW AF Liu, Ming Cheng Akle, Veronica Zheng, Wenrong Kitlen, Jason O'Steen, Barbara Larner, Stephen F. Dave, Jitendra R. Tortella, Frank C. Hayes, Ronald L. Wang, Kevin K. W. TI Extensive degradation of myelin basic protein isoforms by calpain following traumatic brain injury SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE brain injury; cell death; demyelination; protease; proteolysis; proteomic ID SPINAL-CORD-INJURY; GENE KNOCK-OUT; AXONAL INJURY; WHITE-MATTER; II-SPECTRIN; CATHEPSIN-D; NEURONAL APOPTOSIS; BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS; ALPHA-SPECTRIN; MESSENGER-RNA AB s Axonal injury is one of the key features of traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet little is known about the integrity of the myelin sheath. We report that the 21.5 and 18.5-kDa myelin basic protein (MBP) isoforms degrade into N-terminal fragments (of 10 and 8 kDa) in the ipsilateral hippocampus and cortex between 2 h and 3 days after controlled cortical impact (in a rat model of TBI), but exhibit no degradation contralaterally. Using N-terminal microsequencing and mass spectrometry, we identified a novel in vivo MBP cleavage site between Phe114 and Lys115. A MBP C-terminal fragment-specific antibody was then raised and shown to specifically detect MBP fragments in affected brain regions following TBI. In vitro naive brain lysate and purified MBP digestion showed that MBP is sensitive to calpain, producing the characteristic MBP fragments observed in TBI. We hypothesize that TBI-mediated axonal injury causes secondary structural damage to the adjacent myelin membrane, instigating MBP degradation. This could initiate myelin sheath instability and demyelination, which might further promote axonal vulnerability. C1 Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Ctr Traumat Brain Injury Studies, Dept Neurosci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Ctr Neuroproteom & Biomarkers Res, Dept Psychiat, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Dept Neuropharmacol & Mol Biol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Liu, MC (reprint author), Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Ctr Traumat Brain Injury Studies, Dept Neurosci, L4-100F,POB 100256, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM liumc@mbi.ufl.edu; kwang@psychiatry.ufl.edu OI Wang, Kevin/0000-0002-9343-6473 FU NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS049175-01] NR 55 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 98 IS 3 BP 700 EP 712 DI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03882.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 063GV UT WOS:000239007400007 PM 16893416 ER PT J AU Teyhen, D AF Teyhen, Deydre TI Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging Symposium - San Antonio, TX - May 8-10, 2006 - Overview SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Editorial Material ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; CONTRACTION; RECRUITMENT; MOVEMENT; MUSCLES; PEOPLE; TRIAL; LIMB C1 Baylor Univ, USA, Doctoral Program Phys Therapy, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Teyhen, D (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USA, Doctoral Program Phys Therapy, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 12 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 36 IS 8 BP A1 EP A3 PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 069TN UT WOS:000239471200009 PM 16915983 ER PT J AU Rushing, JF Harrison, A Tingle, JS Mason, Q McCaffrey, T AF Rushing, John F. Harrison, Andrew Tingle, Jeb S. Mason, Quint McCaffrey, Tim TI Evaluation of dust palliatives for unpaved roads in arid climates SO JOURNAL OF PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTED FACILITIES LA English DT Article AB An evaluation of commercial and experimental dust palliatives was Conducted to determine their effectiveness for mitigating fugitive dust on roads in arid climates. Several types of chemicals were tested including polymer emulsions. lignosulfonates. Chloride salts, synthetic fluids. all asphalt emulsion. a polysaccharide solution, a polyacrylamide. and a guar guru. Each product Was placed ill an individual test section at a rate of 3.8 L/m(2) using an admix construction method (grade/spray/till/compact/spray). Fourteen test sections were constructed arid observed at 30-day intervals to monitor product performance. Data from both stationary and mobile particle collectors were analyzed to determine the ability of each product to suppress dust for extended periods. Several products are recommended for use oil roads in arid climates as a result of this evaluation. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Airfields & Pavements Branch, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Rushing, JF (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Airfields & Pavements Branch, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM john.f.rushing@erdc.usace.army.mil; andrew.harrison@erdc.usace.army.mil; jeb.s.tingle@erdc.usace.army.mil; quint.mason@erdc.usace.army.mil; timothy.j.mccaffrey@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-3828 J9 J PERFORM CONSTR FAC JI J. Perform. Constr. Facil. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 BP 281 EP 286 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381-8(2006)20:3(281) PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 065TP UT WOS:000239183000011 ER PT J AU Mcbride, SA Balkin, TJ Kamimori, GH Killgore, WDS AF Mcbride, Sharon A. Balkin, Thomas J. Kamimori, Gary H. Killgore, William D. S. TI Olfactory decrements as a function of two nights of sleep deprivation SO JOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES LA English DT Article ID PREFRONTAL CORTEX; ACTIVATION AB We recently reported that odor identification accuracy declined significantly following 24 h of continuous wakefulness. In the present study, we attempted to extend these findings by testing odor identification accuracy when the duration of wakefulness was more than doubled to over 52 h. The accuracy of odor identification decreased significantly following this period of extended wakefulness, although performance decrements were similar in magnitude to those previously reported following 24 h without sleep. These findings suggest that sleep loss impairs the ability to correctly identify common odors, but this effect does not appear to be exacerbated by additional sleep loss beyond the first 24 h. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Behav Biol, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Mcbride, SA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Behav Biol, Div Psychiat & Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM sharon.mcbride@na.amedd.army.mil OI Killgore, William/0000-0002-5328-0208 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0887-8250 J9 J SENS STUD JI J. Sens. Stud. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 4 BP 456 EP 463 DI 10.1111/j.1745-459X.2006.00080.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 065WR UT WOS:000239191300005 ER PT J AU Watson, S AF Watson, Samuel TI The first way of war: American war making on the frontier, 1607-1814. SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. RP Watson, S (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 72 IS 3 BP 640 EP 641 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 069WZ UT WOS:000239481200007 ER PT J AU McMillian, DJ Moore, JH Hatler, BS Taylor, DC AF McMillian, Danny J. Moore, Josef H. Hatler, Brian S. Taylor, Dean C. TI Dynamic vs. static-stretching warm up: The effect on power and agility performance SO JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE flexibility; performance testing; conditioning; calisthenics ID JUMPING PERFORMANCE; MUSCLE-STIFFNESS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; VERTICAL JUMP; INJURY; STRENGTH; FORCE; EXERCISE; RELIABILITY; VALIDITY AB The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of a dynamic warm up (DWU) with a static-stretching warm up (SWU) on selected measures of power and agility. Thirty cadets at the United States Military Academy completed the study (14 women and 16 men, ages 18-24 years). On 3 consecutive days, subjects performed 1 of the 2 warm up routines (DWU or SWU) or performed no warm up (NWU). The 3 warm up protocols lasted 10 minutes each and were counterbalanced to avoid carryover effects. After 1-2 minutes of recovery, subjects performed 3 tests of power or agility. The order of the performance tests (T-shuttle run, underhand medicine ball throw for distance, and 5-step jump) also was counterbalanced. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed better performance scores after the DWU for all 3 performance tests (p < 0.01), relative to the SWU and NWU. There were no significant differences between the SWU and NWU for the medicine ball throw and the T-shuttle run, but the SWU was associated with better scores on the 5-step jump (p < 0.01). Because the results of this study indicate a relative performance enhancement with the DWU, the utility of warm up routines that use static stretching as a stand-alone activity should be reassessed. C1 USA, MEDDAC, Heidelberg, Germany. USA Baylor Univ, USA Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Doctoral Phys Therapy Program, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Keller Army Community Hosp, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP McMillian, DJ (reprint author), USA, MEDDAC, Heidelberg, Germany. EM danny.mcmillian@us.army.mil NR 37 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 74 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1064-8011 J9 J STRENGTH COND RES JI J. Strength Cond. Res. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 20 IS 3 BP 492 EP 499 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 081EB UT WOS:000240298900006 PM 16937960 ER PT J AU Hickling, R Gaunaurd, GC AF Hickling, Robert Gaunaurd, Guillermo C. TI Comment on paper entitled, "An inversion of Freedman's 'image pulse' model in air" [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 119(2), 965-975 (2006)] (L) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPHERE; ECHOES AB Echolocation (i.e., perceiving objects using acoustic echoes) is well-known in underwater detection and to a lesser extent in robot guidance and machine perception. The paper by Tsakiris and McKerrow is concerned with machine perception in air using Freedman's asymptotic model, which was originally developed to predict the backscattering multiple-echo effect observed in sonar detection. This effect was subsequently shown to be due to the elastic response of underwater targets. Freedman's model can be used in air because the acoustic target is assumed to be rigid. Also, the model's prediction of multiple echoes can be used to obtain information about the shape of the target. This is the so-called inversion of the Freedman model by Tsakiris and McKerrow. In their paper, various simple bodies are tested in air using ultrasound and it is shown that the model provides relatively poor information about body shape. Several explanations are given. However, one explanation is not considered, namely that the model itself is not satisfactory. First, there is poor agreement with exact backscattering theory. Second, deriving information about target shape from the multiple echoes predicted by the model is a highly questionable procedure. Both these aspects are examined here. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Sonometr Inc, Huntington Woods, MI 48070 USA. USA, Res Lab, Code AMSRD, SE,RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Hickling, R (reprint author), Sonometr Inc, 8306 Huntington Rd, Huntington Woods, MI 48070 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 120 IS 2 BP 589 EP 590 DI 10.1121/1.2211487 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 074TT UT WOS:000239835400002 PM 16938943 ER PT J AU Porter, WL Conca, KR Yeomans, WG Diotte, S Lynch, A Tate, J AF Porter, William L. Conca, Karen R. Yeomans, Walter G. Diotte, Shawn Lynch, Amy Tate, Jennifer TI Modification of Maillard browning in a microwaved glucose/glycine model system by water-soluble natural antioxidants, and foods containing them SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE front-face solid sample polyamide fluorescence; Maillard reaction; oxidation inhibition; pyrazine inhibition; solid-phase micro extraction; water soluble antioxidants ID HETEROCYCLIC AMINES; PYRAZINE FORMATION; FREE-RADICALS; INHIBITION; PREVENTION; EPICATECHIN; CAPACITY; GLYCINE; ACIDS AB Inhibition of pyrazine formation by natural antioxidants and the foods containing them was measured in a microwaved glucose/glycine model system. Inhibition of lipid oxidation by the same materials was assayed in both bulk and emulsion systems. Pyrazines were determined by solid-phase micro extraction followed by GC. Lipid oxidation volatiles were assayed by polyamide fluorescence produced by either a bulk oil display or a hematin- or 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidino-propane) dihydrochloride-accelerated lecithin or fish oil emulsion. It was shown that (i) the inhibition of pyrazine formation depends on high concentrations of water-soluble antioxidants; (ii) such antioxidants occur naturally in some foods and are usually polyphenols; (iii) during pyrazine inhibition, oxidized polyphenols show enhanced non-fluorescing browning similar to enzymic browning products; (iv) monophenols, which structurally cannot form quinone polymers on oxidation, inhibit pyrazines with less browning; (v) during the final pyrazine-forming phase of the Maillard reaction, polyphenolics and reducing agents such as glutathione and ascorbic acid are partially consumed with some nutritional loss; (vi) fruit powders of grape seed, grape skin, and red wine are highly pyrazine-inhibitory, steeped blueberry strongly so, but plum purees are moderately pro-pyrazine, and freeze-dried vegetables strongly pro-pyrazine; and (vii) black and green tea infusions are highly inhibitory, whereas spices have mixed effects. C1 USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Natick Soldier Syst Ctr, Combat Feeding Directorate, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Concord Foods, Brockton, MA USA. RP Porter, WL (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Natick Soldier Syst Ctr, Combat Feeding Directorate, 15 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM william.porter@natick.army.mil NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 221 W BRADLEY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-1827 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 83 IS 8 BP 697 EP 705 DI 10.1007/s11746-006-5026-x PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 072XS UT WOS:000239707100006 ER PT J AU Stirnemann, PM Takemoto, SK Schnitzler, MA Brennan, DC Abbott, KC Salvalaggio, P Burroughs, TE Gavard, JA Willoughby, LM Lentine, KL AF Stirnemann, Paula M. Takemoto, Steven K. Schnitzler, Mark A. Brennan, Daniel C. Abbott, Kevin C. Salvalaggio, Paolo Burroughs, Thomas E. Gavard, Jeffrey A. Willoughby, Lisa M. Lentine, Krista L. TI Agreement of immunosuppression regimens described in medicare pharmacy claims with the organ procurement and transplantation network survey SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Transplant Congress CY JUL 22-27, 2006 CL Boston, MA ID KIDNEY-TRANSPLANTATION; MYCOPHENOLATE-MOFETIL; DIABETES-MELLITUS; UNITED-STATES; RECIPIENTS; BENEFICIARIES; CONFIDENCE; INTERVIEW; QUALITY; CARE AB The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) collects intermittent survey data on immunosuppressive medication use that are studied frequently as research measures. Pharmacy billing claims may provide an accurate measure of immunosuppression use over time. Herein is characterized the agreement of Medicare pharmacy claims for immunosuppressive medications with OPTN reports. Data were drawn from the United States Renal Data System. Participants received a kidney transplant in 2000 to 2001 and had an OPTN record and a Medicare pharmacy claim for an immunosuppressive drug at transplant discharge and 6 mo and 1 yr after transplantation. The concordance 00 of the OPTN and claims (+/- 30 d of survey) for indicated medication use was compared, and sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for claims were computed, assuming OPTN as a "gold standard." Clinical trial participation and regimen changes were examined as explanations for discordance. A total of 4357 eligible subjects were identified. Concordance over observation ranged from excellent for calcineurin inhibitors (kappa > 0.86) to generally very good for adjunctive agents (kappa = 0.49 to 0.75) to poor for corticosteroids (kappa < 0.15). Claims demonstrated high positive predictive values (>= 97%) but low negative predictive values (<= 13%) for OPTN-reported corticosteroid use. Regimen changes (28 to 75%) but not clinical trial participation (<= 21%) were identified frequently among cases with discordant indications of nonsteroid medication use. Close agreement of Medicare billing claims and the OPTN for indicated use of nonsteroid immunosuppressive medications supports both as useful measures of drug exposure. Low detection rates of OPTN-indicated corticosteroid use within claims require further examination. C1 St Louis Univ, Ctr Outcomes Res, Salus Ctr, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Div Nephrol, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Nephrol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Lentine, KL (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Ctr Outcomes Res, Salus Ctr, Sch Med, 2nd Floor,3545 Lafeyette Ave, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. EM lentine.krista@stanfordalumni.org OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [K25-DK-02916-01, DRTC-5-P60-DK20579, K24-DK-002886-02]; PHS HHS [K08-073036-01A1] NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2299 EP 2306 DI 10.1681/ASN.2006030258 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 069LV UT WOS:000239449000032 PM 16825328 ER PT J AU Clayton, JD Chung, PW AF Clayton, JD Chung, PW TI An atomistic-to-continuum framework for nonlinear crystal mechanics based on asymptotic homogenization SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE multiscale; homogenization; molecular dynamics; dislocations; vacancies ID TRANSITION-METALS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; LENGTH SCALES; HIGH-STRENGTH; TUNGSTEN; DISLOCATIONS; MODEL; PLASTICITY; BOUNDARIES; COMPOSITE AB Presented is a multiscale methodology enabling description of the fundamental mechanical behavior of crystalline materials at the length scale of a macroscopic continuum (i.e., millimeter resolution) given a characterization of discrete atomic interactions at the nanoscale (i.e., angstrom resolution). Asymptotic homogenization methods permit the calculation of effective mechanical properties (e.g. strain energy, stress, and stiffness) of a representative crystalline volume element containing statistically periodic defect structures. From a numerical standpoint, the theoretical-computational method postulated and implemented here in the context of lattice statics enables prediction of minimum energy configurations of imperfect atomic-scale crystals deformed to finite strain levels. Numerical simulations demonstrate the utility of our framework for the particular case of body-centered-cubic tungsten. Elastic stiffness and energetic properties of periodic unit cells containing vacancies, screw dislocations, and low-angle twist boundaries are computed. Nonlinear aspects of elastic behavior in the context of plastic flow are then modeled from the perspective of atomistic-to-continuum homogenization, following the introduction of a minimal set of kinetic assumptions required to account for the propagation of dislocations across the unit cell at finite deformations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Clayton, JD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM jclayton@arl.army.mil RI Clayton, John/C-7760-2009 NR 61 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD AUG PY 2006 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1604 EP 1639 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2006.02.004 PG 36 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 058ME UT WOS:000238668300004 ER PT J AU Dudorov, VV Vorontsov, MA Kolosov, VV AF Dudorov, Vadirn V. Vorontsov, Mikhail A. Kolosov, Valeriy V. TI Speckle-field propagation in "frozen" turbulence: brightness function approach SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; STATISTICS; SIMULATION; DISTORTION AB Speckle-field long- and short-exposure spatial correlation characteristics for target-in-the-loop (TIL) laser beam propagation and scattering in atmospheric turbulence are analyzed through the use of two different approaches: the conventional Monte Carlo (MC) technique and the recently developed brightness function (BF) method. Both the MC and the BF methods are applied to analysis of speckle-field characteristics averaged over target surface roughness realizations under conditions of "frozen" turbulence. This corresponds to TIL applications where speckle-field fluctuations associated with target surface roughness realization updates occur within a time scale that can be significantly shorter than the characteristic atmospheric turbulence time. Computational efficiency and accuracy of both methods are compared on the basis of a known analytical solution for the long-exposure mutual correlation function. It is shown that in the TIL propagation scenarios considered the BF method provides improved accuracy and requires significantly less computational time than the conventional MC technique. For TIL geometry with a Gaussian outgoing beam and Lambertian target surface, both analytical and numerical estimations for the speckle-field long-exposure correlation length are obtained. Short-exposure speckle-field correlation characteristics corresponding to propagation in "frozen" turbulence are estimated using the BF method. It is shown that atmospheric turbulence-induced static refractive index inhomogeneities do not significantly affect the characteristic correlation length of the speckle field, whereas long-exposure spatial correlation characteristics are strongly dependent on turbulence strength. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Syst Res, Intelligent Opt Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Opt, Tomsk 634055, Russia. RP Vorontsov, MA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Syst Res, Intelligent Opt Lab, 2107 Technol Ventures Bldg, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM mvorontsov@arl.army.mil RI Dudorov, Vadim/J-8620-2015 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1924 EP 1936 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.23.001924 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 065XJ UT WOS:000239193200016 PM 16835650 ER PT J AU Swanson, GP Faulkner, J Smalley, SR Noble, MJ Stephens, RL O'Rourke, TJ Weiss, GR Quick, DP Thompson, IM Crawford, ED AF Swanson, Gregory P. Faulkner, James Smalley, Stephen R. Noble, Mark J. Stephens, Ronald L. O'Rourke, Timothy J. Weiss, Geoffrey R. Quick, Donald P. Thompson, Ian M., Jr. Crawford, E. David TI Locally advanced prostate cancer treated with concomitant radiation and 5-fluorouracil: Southwest oncology group study 9024 SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; prostatic neoplasms; chemotherapy; radiotherapy; fluorouracil ID EXTERNAL IRRADIATION; ANDROGEN SUPPRESSION; LOCALIZED CARCINOMA; POTENTIAL BENEFIT; THERAPY; RADIOTHERAPY; DOCETAXEL; TRIAL; ADENOCARCINOMA; MITOXANTRONE AB Purpose: Radiation is considered the standard treatment for locally advanced (T3 and T4) prostate cancer but cure with radiation alone is infrequent. Studies have shown that adding androgen ablation improves the results but there is still much room for improvement. We performed a phase 11 multi-institutional study to explore the feasibility of concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Eligible patients had prostate cancer with clinical evidence of invasion through the prostatic capsule or into the seminal vesicles without evidence of nodal or distant metastasis. Prior prostatectomy was not allowed and patients could not be candidates for surgical resection due to medical reasons or refusal of surgery. Radiation consisted of 7,020 cGy in 39 fractions. Continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil at a dose of 200 mg/m2 daily was started on day 1 and continued 7 days weekly until the last day of radiation. Results: All 30 eligible patients were evaluated for toxicity. Diarrhea was the most common toxicity with grade 3 and 4 diarrhea in 2 and 1 patients, respectively. The only other grade 4 toxicity was hemorrhagic cystitis in 1 patient. There was I incident each of grade 3 stomatitis, congestive heart failure, edema, proctitis and hematuria. No patient with grade 3 or 4 toxicity required treatment delay. Ten patients (33%) achieved a negative biopsy and 13 (43%) achieved prostate specific antigen less than 1.0 ng/ml. Six patients (20%) achieved a complete response, defined as negative biopsy and prostate specific antigen less than 1.0 (95% CI 8 to 39). Patients without any biopsies or without prostate specific antigen followup were assumed to be nonresponders. Conclusions: Toxicity was acceptable. The modest response rate indicates that better chemotherapy that improves local and systemic failure is necessary to improve the results. This study confirms the feasibility of a combined chemoradiotherapy approach. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. JACC Covenant Hlth Syst, Lubbock, TX USA. SW Oncol Grp, Ctr Stat, Seattle, WA USA. Kansas City Community Clin Oncol Program, Kansas City, MO USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Kansas City, MO USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Swanson, GP (reprint author), SW Oncol Grp, Operat Off, SWOG 9024,14980 Omicron Dr, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA45450, CA35192, CA20319, CA38926, CA22433, CA76132, CA28862, CA12644, CA04920, CA46441, CA32102, CA76447] NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 176 IS 2 BP 548 EP 553 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2006.03.068 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 063KZ UT WOS:000239018400029 PM 16813886 ER PT J AU Sathaliyawala, T Rao, M Maclean, DM Birx, DL Alving, CR Rao, VB AF Sathaliyawala, Taheri Rao, Mangala Maclean, Danielle M. Birx, Deborah L. Alving, Carl R. Rao, Venigalla B. TI Assembly of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigens on bacteriophage T4: a novel in vitro approach to construct multicomponent HIV vaccines SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FULL-LENGTH PROTEINS; MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CAPSID SURFACE; TYPE-1; DISPLAY; ANTIBODY; BINDING; SOC; HOC AB Bacteriophage T4 capsid is an elongated icosahedron decorated with 155 copies of Hoc, a nonessential highly antigenic outer capsid protein. One Hoc monomer is present in the center of each major capsid protein (gp23*) hexon. We describe an in vitro assembly system which allows display of HIV antigens, p24-gag, Nef, and an engineered gp41 C-peptide trimer, on phage T4 capsid surface through Hoc-capsid interactions. In-frame fusions were constructed by splicing the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genes to the 5' or 3' end of the Hoc gene. The Hoc fusion proteins were expressed, purified, and displayed on hoc(-) phage particles in a defined in vitro system. Single or multiple antigens were efficiently displayed, leading to saturation of all available capsid binding sites. The displayed p24 was highly immunogenic in mice in the absence of any external adjuvant, eliciting strong p24-specific antibodies, as well as Th1 and Th2 cellular responses with a bias toward the Th2 response. The phage T4 system offers new direction and insights for HIV vaccine development with the potential to increase the breadth of both cellular and humoral immune responses. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. RP Rao, VB (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Biol, 103 McCort Ward Hall,620 Michigan Ave,NE, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM rao@cua.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI102725] NR 32 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 80 IS 15 BP 7688 EP 7698 DI 10.1128/JVI.00235-06 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 065VX UT WOS:000239189100039 PM 16840347 ER PT J AU de Rosset, WS Audino, MJ AF de Rosset, William S. Audino, Michael J. TI Advanced gun barrel materials and manufacturing technology symposium - Overview and perspective SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material DE ceramic gun barrels; explosive bonding of gun liners; gun barrel wear and erosion; interior ballistic modeling; magnetron sputtering C1 Harbourtowne Conf Ctr, St Michaels, MD USA. RP de Rosset, WS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. EM derosset@arl.army.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 571 EP 572 DI 10.1080/10426910600611151 PG 2 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 068OG UT WOS:000239383700001 ER PT J AU Littlefield, A Hyland, E Andalora, A Klein, N Langone, R Becker, R AF Littlefield, Andrew Hyland, Edward Andalora, Andrew Klein, Nathaniel Langone, Robert Becker, Robert TI Carbon fiber/thermoplastic overwrapped gun tube SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Gun Barrel Materials and Manufaturing Symposium CY 2005 CL St Michaels, MD DE carbon fiber composites; military applications; resins; materials-polyetheretherketone (PEEK) AB The emphasis on lightweight large caliber weapons systems has placed the focus on the use of advanced composite materials. Using traditional thermoset composites has been difficult, as the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between the steel substrate and the composite jacket causes a gap after manufacturing. Using a thermoplastic resin and a cure on the fly process has improved the manufacturability of the barrels and has eliminated the gap. For the first time a 120-mm barrel has been manufactured using this process and successfully test fired. This paper will present the design, manufacturing, and test firing of this barrel. C1 USA, Launcher Technol Div, Modeling Branch, RDECOM ARDEC Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. USA, Large Caliber Launcher Div, Direct Fire Branch, RDECOM ARDEC Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY USA. USA, Large Caliber Launcher Div, Indirect Fire Branch, RDECOM ARDEC Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY USA. Automated Dynam, Schenectady, NY USA. RP Littlefield, A (reprint author), USA, Launcher Technol Div, Modeling Branch, RDECOM ARDEC Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. EM andrew.littlefield@us.army.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 573 EP 578 DI 10.1080/10426910600602812 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 068OG UT WOS:000239383700002 ER PT J AU Carter, RH Underwood, JH Swab, JJ Wereszczak, AA Leveritt, C Emerson, R Burton, L AF Carter, Robert H. Underwood, John H. Swab, Jeffery J. Wereszczak, Andy A. Leveritt, Charlie Emerson, Ryan Burton, Lawrence TI Material selection for ceramic gun tube liner SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Gun Barrel Materials and Manufaturing Symposium CY 2005 CL St Michaels, MD DE ceramics; erosion; gun tubes; liners; materials selection; wear AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory is investigating the application of ceramics as bore materials in advanced gun systems. The lower mass and improved high temperature performance of ceramics over traditional gun steels could produce new barrels with improved service life and lower weight while enabling the use of new propellants. Several different ceramics have been researched into which material would best survive the interior ballistic conditions for a variety of different caliber systems. The candidate materials are commercially available monolithic ceramics. Alumina, zirconia, three silicon carbide compositions, two silicon nitride compositions, and a SiAlON material were initially selected. A coupled approach of modeling and experimental verification led to the downselection of the silicon nitride and SiAlON materials as the most capable of surviving the interior ballistic conditions and functioning as a barrel liner. This paper describes the tests, presents the results, and discusses the reasons for these selections. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USA, Battelle Sci Serv, Armament RD&E Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Carter, RH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM rcarter@arl.army.miil RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X NR 17 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 584 EP 590 DI 10.1080/10426910600602879 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 068OG UT WOS:000239383700004 ER PT J AU Bose, A Dowding, RJ Swab, JJ AF Bose, Animesh Dowding, Robert J. Swab, Jeffrey J. TI Processing of ceramic rifled gun barrel SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Gun Barrel Materials and Manufaturing Symposium CY 2005 CL St Michaels, MD DE alumina; ceramic; debinding; gun barrel; powder injection molding; rifling; sintering ID ALUMINA AB Ceramic gun barrels have the potential to provide a significant increase in barrel life as well as reduction in weight for small caliber systems. The potential use of ceramic tubes as gun barrels may be severely limited due to the difficulty in introducing the rifling on the inner diameter. The processing of ceramic gun barrels with internal rifling pattern poses a tremendous processing challenge to the materials community. The rifling lands and grooves and desired twist rate, coupled with the difficulty of machining ceramics, makes the economic manufacturing of such gun barrels extremely difficult. The current paper describes the preliminary efforts of fabricating an alumina gun barrel tube that was around 100-mm long with a 25-mm inner diameter (ID), a 33-mm outer diameter, and eight lands and eight grooves. Over and above the lands and grooves in the ID, the barrel had to have a 10:1 twist (one complete twist in 250-mm) incorporated into it. The paper will describes our preliminary attempts at processing such a rifled gun barrel tube made of alumina. C1 Mat Proc Inc, Ft Worth, TX 76119 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Bose, A (reprint author), Mat Proc Inc, 5069 Martin Luther King Freeway, Ft Worth, TX 76119 USA. EM animesbose@aol.com RI Dowding, Robert/F-1469-2015 OI Dowding, Robert/0000-0002-4763-2131 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 591 EP 596 DI 10.1080/10426910600609395 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 068OG UT WOS:000239383700005 ER PT J AU Emerson, R Carter, R Tzeng, J AF Emerson, Ryan Carter, Robert Tzeng, Jerome TI Press-fit sheathing for ceramic gun liners SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Gun Barrel Materials and Manufaturing Symposium CY 2005 CL St Michaels, MD DE carbon fiber composite; filament winding; press-fit; sheathing AB Ceramic materials are being investigated by the Army for use in gun tubes. Compared to gun steels, ceramics possess superior wear resistance at ballistic temperatures, thus enabling improved lifetime for gun tubes. In order to survive the ballistic event, however, it is necessary to prestress the ceramic components with external sheathing to offset the tensile stresses in the tube wall that occur during the ballistic event. Previous sheathing designs for ceramic liners have included thermal shrink fits of tubular metallic components, steel wire overwrapped under high tension, and advanced fibrous composites overwrapped under high tension. In the present investigation, press-fitted composite sheaths are fabricated and tested with the purpose of validating a computer model applicable to the design of ceramic gun barrel liners. C1 USA, Res Lab, Div Mat, Weap & Mat Res Directorate,Ordnance Mat Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Emerson, R (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Div Mat, Weap & Mat Res Directorate,Ordnance Mat Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM remerson@arl.army.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 597 EP 601 DI 10.1080/10426910600602887 PG 5 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 068OG UT WOS:000239383700006 ER PT J AU Huang, X Garner, J Conroy, P AF Huang, X. Garner, J. Conroy, P. TI Thermal and ballistic dynamic analyses for gun ceramic nozzles SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Gun Barrel Materials and Manufaturing Symposium CY 2005 CL St Michaels, MD DE ceramics; dynamic stress; gun nozzle; temperature; thermal stress AB The primary concern for the design and test of the ceramic gun nozzle is the combination of the thermal stress and ballistic dynamic stress. On the thermal analysis basis, a transient sequentially coupled finite element model (FEM) is performed to investigate the thermal stresses due to large temperature gradient and coefficient mismatch of thermal expansion between the ceramic nozzle and the steel holder. The fully coupled thermal stress analysis is conducted for verification. A DYNA3D model is used for interior ballistic analysis for the ceramic nozzle. Three candidate ceramic materials, SN47, STK4, and ZRO2, are investigated and compared with the 4340 steel nozzle. All the stress components from both thermal and dynamic loads are determined. These predictions are significant to the selected ceramic materials for the gun nozzle design. C1 USA, Aerodynam Branch, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USA, Prop Sci Branch, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Huang, X (reprint author), USA, Aerodynam Branch, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM xhuang@arl.army.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 602 EP 611 DI 10.1080/10426910600611086 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 068OG UT WOS:000239383700007 ER PT J AU Rivard, JDK Blue, CA Harper, DC Stiglich, JJ Ramachandran, G Champagne, VK AF Rivard, John D. K. Blue, Craig A. Harper, David C. Stiglich, Jacob J. Ramachandran, Gautham Champagne, Victor K., Jr. TI High-density infrared cladding of Ta on steel SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Gun Barrel Materials and Manufaturing Symposium CY 2005 CL St Michaels, MD DE high density infrared processing; steel; tantalum AB The addition of tantalum to the inside diameter of a gun barrel would reduce erosion during firing of medium and large caliber guns. In this work, chemical vapor deposited (CVD) Ta was bonded to A723 Steel. High-density infrared (HDI) heating was employed to bond Ta to steel at 1440 degrees C while maintaining bulk steel temperatures below the 357 degrees C threshold for retaining beneficial compressive stresses (autofrettage). Through-thickness temperature evolution modeling was performed. Metallographic evaluation of claddings is reported. Characterization of the interface showed that metallurgical bonding occurred while keeping bulk temperatures low. C1 Strateg Anal Inc, S&T Div, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Adv Mat Associates, Breckenridge, CO USA. Ultramet Inc, Pacoima, CA USA. USA, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Rivard, JDK (reprint author), Strateg Anal Inc, S&T Div, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. EM JRivard@sainc.com NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 612 EP 617 DI 10.1080/10426910600609361 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 068OG UT WOS:000239383700008 ER PT J AU Vigilante, GN Mulligan, CP AF Vigilante, Gregory N. Mulligan, Christopher P. TI Cylindrical magnetron sputtering (CMS) of coatings for wear life extension in large caliber cannons SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Gun Barrel Materials and Manufaturing Symposium CY 2005 CL St Michaels, MD DE cannons; coatings; cylindrical magnetron sputtering; gun barrels; tantalum ID FILMS; DEPOSITION; SUBSTRATE; ADHESION; GROWTH AB For tank cannons, the battlefield demands for increased muzzle velocity and lethality have resulted in wear life reduction of the barrel. Cylindrical magnetron sputtering is being developed as a new, environmentally friendly bore coating process for large caliber cannons. This paper discusses how, in general, the process is being applied and describes how technology maturation is being achieved. Obtaining acceptable adhesion has been the greatest technical challenge encountered. Specific enabling technologies to improve coating adhesion are discussed. C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Vigilante, GN (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. EM gregory.n.vigilante@us.army.mil NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 621 EP 627 DI 10.1080/10426910600609429 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 068OG UT WOS:000239383700010 ER PT J AU de Rosset, WS AF de Rosset, William S. TI Analysis of explosive bonding parameters SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Gun Barrel Materials and Manufaturing Symposium CY 2005 CL St Michaels, MD DE explosive bonding; gurney velocity; refractory metal gun liners AB Tantalum liners have been successfully bonded to the inside surface of an M242 Bushmaster barrel using a low-detonation velocity explosive. This report examines the governing equations of the explosive bonding process as they apply to this particular situation. The relevant properties of other high-strength tantalum alloys are investigated to see if they are suitable candidate materials. Parameters under consideration are the values of critical impact pressure, the critical flow transition velocity, the critical angle for jet formation, and the maximum flyer plate velocity. Plots are provided to indicate the bounds of the parameters that will make a strong mechanical bond. C1 USA, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. RP de Rosset, WS (reprint author), USA, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. EM derosset@arl.army.mil NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 634 EP 638 DI 10.1080/10426910600611136 PG 5 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 068OG UT WOS:000239383700012 ER PT J AU Baker-Fulco, CJ Fulco, CS Kellogg, MD Glickman, E Young, AJ AF Baker-Fulco, Carol J. Fulco, Charles S. Kellogg, Mark D. Glickman, Ellen Young, Andrew J. TI Voluntary muscle function after creatine supplementation in acute hypobaric hypoxia SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE isometric exercise; performance; muscle endurance; strength; fatigue; quadriceps ID BODY-COMPOSITION; MONOHYDRATE SUPPLEMENTATION; EXERCISE PERFORMANCE; RESISTANCE EXERCISE; SPRINT PERFORMANCE; MUSCULAR STRENGTH; TRAINED HUMANS; METABOLISM; HYDROLYSIS; ENDURANCE AB Purpose: To determine whether creatine (Cr) supplementation improves muscle performance during exposure to acute hypobaric hypoxia. Methods: Seven healthy men (28 +/- 6 yr, mean +/- SD) performed submaximal intermittent static knee contractions interspersed with maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) every minute to exhaustion (similar to 50% of rested MVC force) in normoxia and hypobaric hypoxia (separated by 3 d) after supplementation with Cr (20 g-d(-1) for 7 d then 5 g-d-1 for 4-7 d) or placebo (Pla) in a double-blind, randomized crossover study. A 5-wk period without supplementation separated treatments. Each test day, subjects performed two bouts (separated by 2 min) at their preset submaximal force, 32 +/- 4% rested MVC). Results: Rested MVC force (860 +/- 66 N) and MVC force at exhaustion (396 +/- 27 N; 47 +/- 3% rested MVC) did not differ among, treatments or environments (P > 0.05). For bout 1, endurance time was shorter in hypobaria (26 +/- 3 min) than nonnoxia (34 2 min) (P < 0.01), but did not differ between Cr (27 3 min) and Pla (33 +/- 3 min) (P > 0.05). MVC force returned to similar levels (P > 0.05) in bout 2 after recovery in all four sessions (to approximately 615 N). For bout 2, endurance time also was shorter in hypobaria (7 I min) than normoxia (9 I min) (P < 0.03) but did not differ between Cr and Pla (P > 0.05). Conclusion: This study, which used an exercise model designed to impose the same target contraction force under all experimental conditions, found no effect of Cr on maximal force, muscle endurance, or recovery in normoxia or hypobaric hypoxia. C1 USA, Mil Nutr Div, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Kent State Univ, Sch Exercise Leisure & Sport, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Baker-Fulco, CJ (reprint author), USA, Mil Nutr Div, Environm Med Res Inst, 10 Kansas St,Bld 42, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM carol.baker-fulco@na.amedd.anny.mil OI Kellogg, Mark/0000-0003-1868-2153 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1418 EP 1424 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000228948.70399.38 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 072TZ UT WOS:000239697200008 PM 16888454 ER PT J AU Subudhi, AW Jacobs, KA Hagobian, TA Fattor, JA Muza, SR Fulco, CS Cymerman, A Friedlander, AL AF Subudhi, Andrew W. Jacobs, Kevin A. Hagobian, Todd A. Fattor, Jill A. Muza, Stephen R. Fulco, Charles S. Cymerman, Allen Friedlander, Anne L. TI Changes in ventilatory threshold at high altitude: Effect of antioxidants SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE hypoxia; free radical; VO2max; anaerobic threshold; lactate threshold ID TIME TRIAL PERFORMANCE; BLOOD LACTATE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GAS-EXCHANGE; INCREMENTAL EXERCISE; ACUTE-HYPOXIA; ACCLIMATIZATION; SUPPLEMENTATION; INTENSITY; ENDURANCE AB Purpose: To investigate the effects of prolonged hypoxia and antioxidant supplementation on ventilatory threshold (VT) during high-altitude (HA) exposure (4300 m). Methods: Sixteen physically fit males (25 +/- 5 yr; 77.8 +/- 8.5 kg) performed an incremental test to maximal exertion on a cycle ergometer at sea level (SL). Subjects were then matched on VO2peak, ventilatory chemosensitivity, and body mass and assigned to either a placebo (PL) or antioxidant (AO) supplement group in a randomized, double-blind manner. PL or AO (12 mg of beta-carotene, 180 mg of alpha-tocopherol acetate, 500 mg of ascorbic acid, 100 mu g of selenium, and 30 mg of zinc daily) were taken 21 d prior to and for 14 d at HA. During HA, subjects participated in an exercise program designed to achieve an energy deficit of approximately 1400 kcal-d-1. VT was reassessed on the second and ninth days at HA (HA2, HA9). Results: Peak power output (W-peak and VO2peak decreased (28%) in both groups upon acute altitude exposure (HA2) and were unchanged with acclimatization and exercise (HA9). Power output at VT (W-VT) decreased from SL to HA2 by 41% in PL, but only 32% in AO (P < 0.05). WVT increased in PL only during acclimatization (P < 0.05) and matched AO at HA9. Similar results were found when VT was expressed in terms of % W-peak and % VO2peak. Conclusions: VT decreases upon acute HA exposure but improves with acclimatization. Prior AO supplementation improves VT upon acute, but not chronic altitude exposure. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. Vet Affairs Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Palo Alto, CA USA. Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Subudhi, AW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Biol, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. EM asubudhi@uccs.edu NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1425 EP 1431 DI 10.1249/01.mss.000228939.32281.39 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 072TZ UT WOS:000239697200009 PM 16888455 ER PT J AU Vanderburgh, PM Crowder, TA AF Vanderburgh, Paul M. Crowder, Todd A. TI Body mass penalties in the physical fitness tests of the Army, Air Force, and Navy SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COLLEGE-AGE MEN; MUSCLE STRENGTH; OXYGEN-UPTAKE; SIZE; WOMEN; PERFORMANCE; ADULTS; RATIO; ELITE; MODEL AB Recent research has empirically documented a consistent penalty against heavier service members for events identical or similar to those in the physical fitness tests of the Army, Air Force, and Navy. These penalties, which are not related to body fatness, are based on biological scaling models and have a physiological basis. Using hypothetical cases, we quantified the penalties for men, with body mass of 60 vs. 90 kg, and women, 45 vs. 75 kg, to be 15% to 20% for the fitness tests of these three services. Such penalties alone can adversely affect awards and promotions for heavier service members. To deal equitably with these penalties in a practical manner, we offer two recommendations, i.e., (1) implementation of revised fitness tests with balanced events, in which the penalties of one event for heavier service members are balanced by an equal and opposite bias against lighter service members, or (2) development of correction factors that can be multiplied by raw scores to yield adjusted scores free of body mass bias. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Hlth & Sport Sci, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Phys Educ, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Vanderburgh, PM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Hlth & Sport Sci, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 171 IS 8 BP 753 EP 756 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 072CS UT WOS:000239650800012 PM 16933817 ER PT J AU Jenkins, CL Elliott, AR Harris, JR AF Jenkins, Constance L. Elliott, Aaron R. Harris, Janet R. TI Identifying ethical issues of the Department of the Army Civilian and Army Nurse Corps certified registered nurse anesthetists SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Phyllis J Verhonick Research Conference CY APR 28, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX ID CONFLICTS AB The purposes of this study were to identify the ethical issues Department of the Army civilian and Army Nurse Corps certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) encountered in their anesthesia practice and how disturbed they were by these issues. This descriptive study used a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional survey of Army Nurse Corps officers and Department of the Army civilian registered nurses (N = 5,293). The CRNA subset (n = 97) was obtained from questionnaires that indicated a primary practice setting as anesthesia. The most frequently occurring ethical issue identified was conflict in the nurse-physician relationship, whereas the most disturbing issue was working with incompetent/impaired colleagues. Unresolved ethical conflicts can negatively influence the nurses' morale, leading to avoidance of the issue and contributing to burnout. Identifying the ethical issues and disturbance level experienced by CRNAs should contribute to the development of an ethics education program that addresses issues encountered in CRNA practice. C1 Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Ft Bliss, TX 79916 USA. USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21072 USA. RP Jenkins, CL (reprint author), Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. RI Dopko, Rae/J-7437-2015 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 171 IS 8 BP 762 EP 769 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 072CS UT WOS:000239650800014 PM 16933819 ER PT J AU Dargis, J Horne, T Tillman-Ortiz, S Scherr, D Yackel, EE AF Dargis, Julie Horne, Theresa Tillman-Ortiz, Sophie Scherr, Diane Yackel, Edward E. TI Expanding the role of the nurse practitioner in the deployed setting SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Today's military is experiencing rapid advances in technology and in manpower utilization. The Army Medical Department is redesigning the structure and function of deployable hospital systems as part of this effort. The transformation of deployable hospital systems requires that a critical analysis of manpower utilization be undertaken to optimize the employment of soldier-medics. The objective of this article was to describe the use of nurse practitioners as primary care providers during deployment. The lived experiences of five nurse practitioners deployed to Operation Iraqi Freedom are presented. Data gathered during the deployment and an analysis of the literature clearly support expanded and legitimized roles for these health care professionals in future conflicts and peacekeeping operations. C1 Evans Army Community Hosp, Colorado Springs, CO 80922 USA. Lakeland Reg Med Ctr, Lakeland, FL 33813 USA. Bennett Hlth Clin, Ft Hood, TX 76548 USA. Keller Army Community Hosp, Hosp Serv Dept, West Point, NY 10966 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Schofield Barracks, HI 96857 USA. RP Dargis, J (reprint author), Evans Army Community Hosp, Colorado Springs, CO 80922 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 171 IS 8 BP 770 EP 773 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 072CS UT WOS:000239650800015 PM 16933820 ER PT J AU Lesho, EP Udvari-Nagy, S Laszlo, R Saullo, L Rink, T AF Lesho, Emil P. Udvari-Nagy, Szilvia Laszlo, Rokusz Saullo, Louise Rink, Thomas TI How accurate are health care workers' perceptions of patient suffering? A pilot study SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; ASKING PATIENTS; SATISFACTION; PERSPECTIVE; SYMPTOMS AB Health care workers' perceptions of patient suffering have not been well studied. Patients and health care workers were invited to answer a single, open-ended question. To develop a survey tool that could be validated and used for future research, what health care workers thought causes or caused the most suffering for patients was compared with what patients actually identified as the cause of their worst suffering. Health care workers underestimated loss and significantly underestimated physical nonpainful symptoms as causes of maximal suffering. Communication, emotional, and systems issues were often overestimated by health care workers. Health care workers may not accurately perceive what causes the worst suffering for patients. More studies are needed. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Cleveland Clin, Dept Internal Med, Weston, FL 33331 USA. Cent Mil Hosp, Dept Internal Med, H-1131 Budapest, Hungary. Greater Hazleton Hlth Alliance, Dept Nursing, Hazleton, PA 18201 USA. Municipal Hosp, Dept Nucl Med, D-63454 Hanau, Germany. RP Lesho, EP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 171 IS 8 BP 774 EP 777 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 072CS UT WOS:000239650800016 PM 16933821 ER PT J AU Bathalon, GP McGraw, SM Sharp, MA Williamson, DA Young, AJ Friedl, KE AF Bathalon, Gaston P. McGraw, Susan M. Sharp, Marilyn A. Williamson, Donald A. Young, Andrew J. Friedl, Karl E. TI The effect of proposed improvements to the Army Weight Control Program on female soldiers SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the North-American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Obesity CY OCT 11-15, 2003 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP N Amer Assoc Study Obes ID BODY-FAT STANDARDS; BEHAVIORS; WOMEN AB Objective: To comply with Army Regulation 600-9, The Army Weight Control Program (AWCP), soldiers must meet age-adjusted body fat standards, regardless of whether they meet or exceed weight-for-height allowances. Recent revisions to Department of Defense (DoD) policies require changes to the AWCP. Specifically, we assessed the effects of increasing weight-for-height allowances and adoption of the DoD body fat equation on compliance with the AWCP in women. Methods: Weight, height, circumferences (neck, forearm, wrist, waist, and hip) to measure body fat, and Army Physical Fitness Test results were obtained from 909 female soldiers (mean (SD) age, 26.2 (6.5) years; body mass index, 24.6 (3.3) kg/m(2); body fat, 29.7% (5.0)). Results: Increasing the screening weight-for-height allowances resulted in a 20% reduction in those requiring a body fat measurement (from 55% [n = 498] to 35% [n = 319]). Adopting the DoD body fat equation did not change the proportion of overfat women, i.e., noncompliant with the AWCP, (from 26% [n = 232] to 27% [n = 2461). More women with a waist circumference >35 inches (i.e., at increased disease risk) were identified as noncompliant with the AWCP by the proposed body fat equation (from 76% [ n = 61] to 96% [ n = 77]). Conclusions: Proposed changes reduce the proportion of women unnecessarily measured for body fat and do not change the proportion of women on the AWCP, yet select more women at increased disease risk and most in need of an effective intervention. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01754 USA. Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. RP Bathalon, GP (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01754 USA. OI Friedl, Karl/0000-0002-3134-8427 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 171 IS 8 BP 800 EP 805 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 072CS UT WOS:000239650800023 PM 16933828 ER PT J AU Tran, U Boyle, T Shupp, JW Hammamieh, R Jett, M AF Tran, Uyen Boyle, Thomas Shupp, Jeffrey W. Hammamieh, Rasha Jett, Marti TI Staphylococcal enterotoxin B initiates protein kinase C translocation and eicosanoid metabolism while inhibiting thrombin-induced aggregation in human platelets SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aggregation; platelets; SEB; shock; superantigen ID ARACHIDONIC-ACID; IN-VITRO; AUREUS; SHOCK; COAGULATION; ADHERENCE; PRODUCTS; TOXIN; ALPHA AB Staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) B, a heat-stable toxin secreted by Staphylococcus aureus, has been implicated in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of several critical illnesses. It has been hypothesized that enterotoxins may interact with blood products such as platelets, in addition to T-lymphocytes and renal proximal tubule cells. The aim of this present study was to elucidate whether SEB directly alters human platelet function. Human platelet rich plasma (PRP) was pre-incubated with SEA, SEB, SEC or TSST-1, (at various concentrations and incubation times). After incubation, PRP was exposed to thrombin and aggregation was assessed. Incubation with all toxins tested resulted in decreased aggregation, specifically; exposure to 10 mu g/ml of SEB for 30 min caused a 20% decrease and a 49% decrease at 90 min. A similar reduction in aggregation was seen in samples incubated with phorbol myristate acetate, a known stimulator of protein kinase C (PKC). Further, platelets exposed to SEB exhibited an increased plasma membrane PKC activity. Sphingosine, an inhibitor of PKC proved to block the SEB-induced reduction in aggregation. SEB effects on platelet metabolism were investigated using high performance liquid chromatography showing up to a 2-fold increase of active metabolites lipoxin A4 and 12-HETE, as compared to control. These data indicate that SEB is able to induce platelet dysfunction, and these effects may be mediated through activation of PKC. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mol Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Jett, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mol Pathol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM marti.jett@us.army.mil NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0300-8177 J9 MOL CELL BIOCHEM JI Mol. Cell. Biochem. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 288 IS 1-2 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1007/s11010-006-9134-6 PG 8 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 080PS UT WOS:000240260600019 PM 16550298 ER PT J AU Chen, MW McCauley, JW Dandekar, DP Bourne, NK AF Chen, M. W. McCauley, J. W. Dandekar, D. P. Bourne, N. K. TI Dynamic plasticity and failure of high-purity alumina under shock loading SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BRITTLE SOLIDS; DEFORMATION; TRANSITIONS; SIMULATIONS; COMPRESSION; ALPHA-AL2O3; CERAMICS; WAVES AB Most high-performance ceramics subjected to shock loading can withstand high failure strength and exhibit significant inelastic strain that cannot be achieved under conventional loading conditions. The transition point from elastic to inelastic response prior to failure during shock loading, known as the Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL), has been widely used as an important parameter in the characterization of the dynamic mechanical properties of ceramics(1-4). Nevertheless, the underlying micromechanisms that control HEL have been debated for many years. Here we show high-resolution electron microscopy of high-purity alumina, soft-recovered from shock-loading experiments. The change of deformation behaviour from dislocation activity in the vicinity of grain boundaries to deformation twinning has been observed as the impact pressures increase from below, to above HEL. The evolution of deformation modes leads to the conversion of material failure from an intergranular mode to transgranular cleavage, in which twinning interfaces serve as the preferred cleavage planes. C1 Tohoku Univ, Mat Res Inst, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. RP Chen, MW (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Mat Res Inst, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. EM mwchen@imr.tohoku.ac.jp RI Bourne, Neil/A-7544-2008; Chen, Mingwei/A-4855-2010 OI Chen, Mingwei/0000-0002-2850-8872 NR 30 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 52 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 5 IS 8 BP 614 EP 618 DI 10.1038/nmat1689 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 069CP UT WOS:000239423200015 PM 16845418 ER PT J AU Pyne, JM McSweeney, J Kane, HS Harvey, S Bragg, L Fischer, E AF Pyne, Jeffrey M. McSweeney, Jean Kane, H. Scott Harvey, Susan Bragg, Leslie Fischer, Ellen TI Agreement between patients with schizophrenia and providers on factors of antipsychotic medication adherence SO PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; COMPLIANCE THERAPY; HEALTH-EDUCATION; RISK-FACTORS; NONCOMPLIANCE; OUTPATIENTS; DISORDERS; INTERVENTIONS AB Objective: Medication adherence continues to be a challenge for patients with schizophrenia. Many interventions have been tested but not widely adopted. To fill this gap, this qualitative study examined patient and provider perspectives on barriers, facilitators, and motivators related to adherence. Methods: Twenty-six patients ( 15 veterans and 11 non-veterans) diagnosed as having schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder completed in-depth qualitative interviews. Each patient's mental health provider completed an open-ended paper-and-pencil questionnaire that followed the format of the patient qualitative interview. Patients and their providers were asked about seven domains of an explanatory model for schizophrenia and about barriers to, facilitators for, and motivators to taking antipsychotic medication. Patients and providers responded from the perspective of the patient. Patient interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. The data were analyzed with content analysis and constant comparison methods. Results: Explanatory model agreement between patients and their providers ranged from 40 to 100 percent, depending on the explanatory model domain. Patients identified 214 unique barriers, facilitators, and motivators, and agreement between patients and their providers ranged from 54 to 65 percent. Sample patient quotes are provided. Conclusions: Substantial disagreement arose between patients and their providers with regard to their explanatory models for schizophrenia and the barriers, facilitators, and motivators thought to affect patients' medication adherence decisions. These findings will be used to develop and test a patient-centered strategy to enhance medication adherence. C1 Cent Arkansas Vet Healthcare Syst, Dept Psychiat, N Little Rock, AR 72114 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Psychiat, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Coll Nursing, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Child & Adolescent Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Pyne, JM (reprint author), Cent Arkansas Vet Healthcare Syst, Dept Psychiat, 2200 Ft Roots Dr,152-NLR, N Little Rock, AR 72114 USA. EM jmpyne@uams.edu NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 1075-2730 J9 PSYCHIAT SERV JI Psychiatr. Serv. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 57 IS 8 BP 1170 EP 1178 DI 10.1176/appi.ps.57.8.1170 PG 9 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychiatry GA 067NF UT WOS:000239309200015 PM 16870969 ER PT J AU Krishnan, S Chowdhury, B Tsokos, GC AF Krishnan, Sandeep Chowdhury, Bhabadeb Tsokos, George C. TI Autoimmunity in systemic lupus erythematosus: Integrating genes and biology SO SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE SLE; autoimmunity; allelic variants; biomarkers; signal transduction ID MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1; SPLICED 3'-UNTRANSLATED REGION; RECEPTOR ZETA-CHAIN; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; TYROSINE-PHOSPHATASE PEP; MANNOSE-BINDING PROTEIN; BLOOD T-LYMPHOCYTES; FC-GAMMA-RIIA; INCREASED EXPRESSION AB Susceptibility to the autoimmune phenotype of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is heritable. Linkage analysis and recent advances in the field of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have resulted in the identification of several genetic loci and functional allelic variants of signaling proteins which have become the mainstay of understanding disease susceptibility and exploring the basis of autoimmunity in SLE. However, genetic heterogeneity and possible epistatic interactions among genetic elements have precluded replication of these findings in multiple population groups and thus complicated their interpretation. In this regard, the discovery that a plethora of normal signaling proteins are expressed in abnormal amounts in immune cells from patients with SLE has gained significance. Thus, the key to precise elucidation of the pathologic basis of autoimmunity in SLE lies in tying genetics and disease biology. This review highlights recent discoveries of important functional genetic variants and altered expression of normal signaling proteins that network together to disrupt peripheral tolerance and initiate the autoimmune process in SLE. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Krishnan, S (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM KSandeep10@lycos.com NR 148 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1044-5323 J9 SEMIN IMMUNOL JI Semin. Immunol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 230 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.smim.2006.03.011 PG 14 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 073FE UT WOS:000239727600006 PM 16713714 ER PT J AU Todd, CS Khakimov, MM Alibayeva, G Abdullaeva, M Giyasova, GM Saad, MD Botros, BA Bautista, CT Sanchez, JL Carr, JK Earhart, KC AF Todd, Catherine S. Khakimov, Mumtaz M. Alibayeva, Gulchaekra Abdullaeva, Mukhabat Giyasova, Guzel M. Saad, Magdi D. Botros, Boulos A. Bautista, Christian T. Sanchez, Jose L. Carr, Jean K. Earhart, Kenneth C. TI Prevalence and correlates of human immunodeficiency virus infection among female sex workers in Tashkent, Uzbekistan SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Biennial Meeting of the International-Society-for-Sexually-Transmitted-Diseases-Research CY JUL 11, 2005 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP Int Soc Sexually Transmitted Dis Res ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATES; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; RUSSIAN-FEDERATION; HIV-INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; GENITAL ULCERS; EPIDEMICS; TRANSMISSION; EXPOSURE AB Objectives/Goal: To assess prevalence of and correlates to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among female sex workers in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Study Design: Women participating in this cross-sectional study completed a questionnaire and HIV testing between April 2003 and March 2004. Logistic regression analyses determined correlation of variables to HIV infection. Results: Of 448 women, 10% (45) were HIV infected, which was associated with ever injecting drugs (AOR = 20.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.69-53.07), street-based sex work (AOR = 4.52; 95% CI, 1.84-11.12), exchanging sex for drugs (AOR = 4.74; 95% CI, 1.84-12.18), and more sexually transmitted infection treatments in the preceding 3 months (AOR = 2.43; 95% CI, 1.14-5.17). Conclusions: Although injection drug use is the strongest correlate to HIV infection, sexual risk behaviors are independently related and should receive focus in prevention efforts targeted to this population. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Div Int Hlth & Cross Cultural Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Republ Uzbekistan Ctr HIV AIDS Control & Prevent, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. USN, Med Res Unit 3, NAMRU 3, Cairo, Egypt. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med Inc, Rockville, MD USA. RP Todd, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Int Hlth & Cross Cultural Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mailcode 0622, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM cstodd@ucsd.edu RI Bautista, Christian/B-2812-2011; Saad, Magdi/H-5561-2013 OI Saad, Magdi/0000-0003-2111-8115 NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 33 IS 8 BP 496 EP 501 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000204624.26219.6a PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 068ZN UT WOS:000239414300007 PM 16601658 ER PT J AU Bautista, CT Sanchez, JL Montano, SM Laguna-Torres, A Suarez, L Sanchez, J Campos, P Gallardo, C Mosquera, C Villafane, M Aguayo, N Avila, MM Weissenbacher, M Ramirez, E Child, R Serra, M Aponte, C Mejia, A Velazques, N Gianella, A Perez, J Olson, JG Carr, JK AF Bautista, C. T. Sanchez, J. L. Montano, S. M. Laguna-Torres, A. Suarez, L. Sanchez, J. Campos, P. Gallardo, C. Mosquera, C. Villafane, M. Aguayo, N. Avila, M. M. Weissenbacher, M. Ramirez, E. Child, R. Serra, M. Aponte, C. Mejia, A. Velazques, N. Gianella, A. Perez, J. Olson, J. G. Carr, J. K. TI Seroprevalence of and risk factors for HIV-1 infection among female commercial sex workers in South America SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV/AIDS SURVEILLANCE; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; BUENOS-AIRES; HEPATITIS-C; HTLV-I/II; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; ARGENTINA AB Objective: Assessment of HIV prevalence and associated risk behaviours among female commercial sex workers (FCSW) across major cities in South America. Methods: Seroepidemiological, cross sectional studies of 13 600 FCSW were conducted in nine countries of South America during the years 1999-2002. Participants were recruited in brothels, massage parlours, hotels, and streets where anonymous questionnaires and blood samples were collected. HIV infection was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening and western blot confirmatory tests. Results: The overall HIV seroprevalence was 1.2% (range 0.0%-4.5%). The highest HIV seroprevalences were reported in Argentina (4.5%) and Paraguay (2.6%); no HIV infected FCSW were detected in Venezuela and Chile. Consistent predictors of HIV seropositivity were: (1) a previous history of sexually transmitted infections (STI, AORs = 3.8-8.3), and (2) 10 years or more in commercial sex work (AORs = 2.2-24.8). In addition, multiple (>= 3) sexual contacts (AOR = 5.0), sex with foreigners (AOR = 6.9), use of illegal drugs (AOR = 3.2), and marijuana use (AOR = 8.2) were associated with HIV seropositivity in Southern Cone countries. Conclusions: Consistently low HIV seroprevalences were detected among FCSW in South America, particularly in the Andean region. Predictors of HIV infection across the continent were STI and length of commercial sex work; however, use of illegal drugs, especially marijuana, and sexual contacts with foreigners were also found to be associated risk factors in the Southern Cone region. Interventions for the control of HIV and other STI need to be region and country specific; drug use appears to have an ever increasing role in the spread of HIV among heterosexually active populations. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. US Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. Minist Salud, Oficina Gen Epidemiol, Lima, Peru. Assoc Civil Impacta Salud & Educ, Lima, Peru. Minist Salud, Program Control Enfermedades Transmis Sexual & Si, Lima, Peru. Fdn Esperanza, Quito, Ecuador. Inst Nacl Hyg & Med Trop Leopoldo Izquieta Perez, Guayaquil, Ecuador. RP Bautista, CT (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, 1 Taft Court,Suite 250, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM cbautista@hivresearch.org RI Bautista, Christian/B-2812-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 29 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 82 IS 4 BP 311 EP 316 DI 10.1136/sti.2005.018234 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 074CS UT WOS:000239790700013 PM 16877581 ER PT J AU Lanham, JS AF Lanham, Jason Seton TI The evaluation of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in family medicine residency programs SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ADHD; practice guidelines; DSM-IV; screening; diagnosis ID CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINE; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY; ADHD; DIAGNOSIS; COMORBIDITY; CHILDREN; OFFICE AB Background: Previous studies have highlighted great variability in how primary care physicians arrive at the diagnosis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and their frequent use of unreliable methods. This study examines how physicians in family medicine residency programs evaluate for ADHD in light of the 2000 American Academy of Pediatrics ADHD Practice guidelines. Methods: A 55-item survey was sent to 17 military and 17 civilian family medicine residency programs. Two hundred and thirty-five physicians participated. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis was performed. Results: Only 22% of physicians are familiar with the AAP guidelines and only 12.9% of respondents screen for ADHD. 70% of physicians use a child's behavior in the office and 53% use a child's response to stimulants to arrive at a diagnosis. Conclusions: Four years after publication of the practice guidelines, few physicians incorporate them into their practice. A majority of physicians still use unreliable methods in diagnosing ADHD. C1 Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Family & Community Med, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP Lanham, JS (reprint author), Lawrence Joel Army Hlth Clin, 1701 Hardee Ave, Ft McPherson, GA 30330 USA. EM jason.lanham@us.army.mil NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 99 IS 8 BP 802 EP 805 DI 10.1097/01.smj.0000215738.43515.c7 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 095OC UT WOS:000241316200007 PM 16929872 ER PT J AU Morris, TJ Pajak, J Havlik, F Kenyon, J Calcagni, D AF Morris, Tommy J. Pajak, John Havlik, Frank Kenyon, Jessica Calcagni, Dean TI Battlefield Medical Information System-Tactical (BMIST): The application of mobile computing technologies to support health surveillance in the Department of Defense SO TELEMEDICINE JOURNAL AND E-HEALTH LA English DT Article AB This paper discusses the innovation process of the Battlefield Medical Information System-Tactical (BMIST), a point-of-care mobile computing solution for reducing medical errors and improving the quality of care provided to our military personnel in the field. In such remote environments, medical providers have traditionally had limited access to medical information, a situation quite analogous to that in remote areas of underdeveloped or developing countries. BMIST provides an all-in-one suite of mobile applications that empowers providers via access to critical medical information and powerful clinical decision support tools to accurately create an electronic health record (EHR). This record is synchronized with Department of Defense (DOD) joint health surveillance and medical information systems from the earliest echelons of care through chronic care provided by the Veterans Administration. Specific goals met in the initial phase were: integration of the PDA and wireless interface; development of the local application and user interface; development of a communications infrastructure and development of a data storage and retrieval system. The system had been used extensively in the field to create an EHR far forward that supports a longitudinal medical record across time and across all elements of the Military Healthcare System. C1 USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Morris, TJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM Morris@TATRC.Org NR 5 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-5627 J9 TELEMED J E-HEALTH JI Telemed. J. e-Health PD AUG PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 409 EP 416 DI 10.1089/tmj.2006.12.409 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 089QX UT WOS:000240896800019 PM 16942412 ER PT J AU Romano, JA Lam, DM Moses, GR Gilbert, GR Marchessault, R AF Romano, James A., Jr. Lam, David M. Moses, Gerald R. Gilbert, Gary R. Marchessault, Ronald, Jr. TI The future of military medicine has not arrived yet, but we can see it from here SO TELEMEDICINE JOURNAL AND E-HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Throughout history, military medical personnel have provided care for their comrades in arms, often at the expense of their own lives. For many centuries, these medical personnel have applied the highest available level of knowledge and technology to the care of their patients. This paper discusses the current state of the technological art for the care of combat casualties, and discusses some of the newest technology solutions currently being developed for the provision of field medical care. The ongoing efforts of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (MRMC), and the U. S. Army Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center (TATRC) are highlighted. C1 USA, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. HQ USA Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Lam, DM (reprint author), USA, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM lam@tatrc.org NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-5627 J9 TELEMED J E-HEALTH JI Telemed. J. e-Health PD AUG PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 417 EP 425 DI 10.1089/tmj.2006.12.417 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 089QX UT WOS:000240896800020 PM 16942413 ER PT J AU Belard, JL AF Belard, J. -Louis TI Meeting medical challenges in a changing world: The international program of the US Army Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center (TATRC) SO TELEMEDICINE JOURNAL AND E-HEALTH LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Army Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center (TATRC) manages more than 200 research projects in advanced medical technologies, with concentration in disciplines such as simulation, distance learning, information and communications, or robotics to name a few. In recent years, TATRC has progressively increased its international portfolio and is now overseeing several programs in cooperation with foreign countries. This paper describes the mechanisms through which TATRC supports funding foreign projects, training colleagues from other countries, and sponsoring international meetings. C1 USA, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Belard, JL (reprint author), USA, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM Belard@tatrc.org NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-5627 J9 TELEMED J E-HEALTH JI Telemed. J. e-Health PD AUG PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 426 EP 431 DI 10.1089/tmj.2006.12.426 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 089QX UT WOS:000240896800021 PM 16942414 ER PT J AU Lam, DM Curley, KC AF Lam, David M. Curley, Kenneth C. TI Research for the soldier: Bringing science fiction medicine to life SO TELEMEDICINE JOURNAL AND E-HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Through means of a science fiction vignette, this paper presents and discusses many of the current research projects ongoing to enable the U.S. military medical services to provide an outstanding level of care in future conflicts. The research capabilities and programs of the U.S. Army Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center (TATRC) are discussed, as are the partnerships between the TATRC and its collaborating researchers. C1 USA, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Charles McC Mathias Natl Study Ctr Trauma & Emerg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Mil & Emergency Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Biomed Informat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Lam, DM (reprint author), USA, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM lam@tatrc.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-5627 J9 TELEMED J E-HEALTH JI Telemed. J. e-Health PD AUG PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 432 EP 438 DI 10.1089/tmj.2006.12.432 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 089QX UT WOS:000240896800022 PM 16942415 ER PT J AU Yu, XZ Griffith, WC Hanspers, K Dillman, JF Ong, H Vredevoogd, MA Faustman, EM AF Yu, Xiaozhong Griffith, William C. Hanspers, Kristina Dillman, James F., III Ong, Hansel Vredevoogd, Melinda A. Faustman, Elaine M. TI A system-based approach to interpret dose- and time-dependent microarray data: Quantitative integration of gene ontology analysis for risk assessment SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE microarray; GO analysis; dose and time dependent; quantitative ID EXPRESSION; VARIANCE; PATTERNS; EXPOSURE; TISSUE; TOOL AB Although microarray technology has emerged as a powerful tool to explore expression levels of thousands of genes or even complete genomes after exposure to toxicants, the functional interpretation of microarray data sets still represents a time-consuming and challenging task. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway mapping have both been shown to be powerful approaches to generate a global view of biological processes and cellular components impacted by toxicants. However, current methods only allow for comparisons across two experimental settings at one particular time point. In addition, the resulting annotations are presented in extensive gene lists with minimal or limited quantitative information, data that are crucial in the application of toxicogenomic data for risk assessment. To facilitate quantitative interpretation of dose- or time-dependent genomic data, we propose to use combined average raw gene expression values (e.g., intensity or ratio) of genes associated with specific functional categories derived from the GO database. We developed an extended program (GO-Quant) to extract quantitative gene expression values and to calculate the average intensity or ratio for those significantly altered by functional gene category based on MAPPFinder results. To demonstrate its application, we applied this approach to a previously published dose- and time-dependent toxicogenomic data set (J. F. Dillman et al., 2005, Chem. Res. Toxicol. 18, 28-34). Our results indicate that the above systems approach can describe quantitatively the degree to which functional gene systems change across dose or time. Additionally, this approach provides a robust measurement to illustrate results compared to single-gene assessments and enables the user to calculate the corresponding ED50 for each specific functional GO term, important for risk assessment. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Inst Risk Anal & Risk Commun, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. UCSF, Conklin Lab Gladstone Inst Cardiovasc Dis, GenMAPP Dev Team, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. US Army Med Res Inst Chem Def, Cell & Mol Biol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Inst Risk Anal & Risk Commun Environm & Occupat H, Seattle, WA USA. RP Faustman, EM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Inst Risk Anal & Risk Commun, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE,Suite 100, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM faustman@u.washington.edu OI Faustman, Elaine/0000-0002-3085-6403 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [U10 ES 11387, 5 P30 ES07033, P50 ES012762, R01-ES10613, 1P01ES09601] NR 18 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 92 IS 2 BP 560 EP 577 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfj184 PG 18 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 061XN UT WOS:000238907300023 PM 16601082 ER PT J AU Nambiar, MP Wright, BS Rezk, PE Smith, KB Gordon, RK Moran, TS Richards, SM Sciuto, AM AF Nambiar, MP Wright, BS Rezk, PE Smith, KB Gordon, RK Moran, TS Richards, SM Sciuto, AM TI Development of a microinstillation model of inhalation exposure to assess lung injury following exposure to toxic chemicals and nerve agents in guinea pigs SO TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE acetylcholinesterase; organophosphates; microinstillation; respiratory system; pulmonary injury; chemical warfare agents; bronchoalveolar lavage; guinea pig ID NOSE-ONLY EXPOSURE; SARIN VAPOR; TISSUE CHOLINESTERASE; SOMAN STEREOISOMERS; WARFARE AGENTS; SULFUR MUSTARD; RATS; AEROSOL; CARBOXYLESTERASE; TOXICOKINETICS AB Respiratory disturbances due to chemical warfare nerve agents (CWNAs) are the starting point of mass casualty and the primary cause of death by these weapons of terror and mass destruction. However, very few studies have been implemented to assess respiratory toxicity and exacerbation induced by CWNAs, especially methylphosphonothioic acid S-(2-(bis(1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)O-ethyl ester (VX). In this study, we developed a microinstillation technique of inhalation exposure to assess lung injury following exposure to CWNAs and toxic chemicals. Guinea pigs were gently intubated by placing a microcatheter into the trachea 1.5 to 2.0 cm centrally above the bifurcation. This location is crucial to deliver aerosolized agents uniformly to the lung's lobes. The placement of the tube is calculated by measuring the distance from the upper front teeth to the tracheal bifurcation, which is typically 8.5 cm for guinea pigs of equivalent size and a weight range of 250 g to 300 g. The catheter is capable of withstanding 100 psi pressure; the terminus has five peripheral holes to pump air that aerosolizes the nerve agent that is delivered in the central hole. The microcatheter is regulated by a central control system to deliver the aerosolized agent in a volume lower than the tidal volume of the guinea pigs. The average particle size of the nerve agent delivered was 1.48 +/- 0.07 micrometer. The microinstillation technology has been validated by exposing the animals to Coomassie brilliant blue, which showed a uniform distribution of the dye in different lung lobes. In addition, the concentration of the dye in the lungs correlated with the dose/time of exposure. Furthermore, histopathological analysis confirmed the absence of barotraumas following micoinstillation. This novel technique delivers the agent safely, requires less amount of agent, avoids exposure to skin, pelt, and eye, and circumvents the concern of deposition of the particles in the nasal and palette due to the switching of breathing from nasal to oronasal in whole-body dynamic chamber or nose only exposure. Currently, we are using this inhalation exposure technique to investigate lung injuries and respiratory disturbances following direct exposure to VX. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biochem Pharmacol, Div Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Med Toxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Nambiar, MP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Madhusoodana.nambiar@na.amedd.army.mil NR 47 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6524 J9 TOXICOL MECH METHOD JI Toxicol. Mech. Methods PD AUG PY 2006 VL 16 IS 6 BP 295 EP 306 DI 10.1080/15376510600748760 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 051XD UT WOS:000238194100001 PM 20021028 ER PT J AU Baskin, SI Petrikovics, I Platoff, GE Rockwood, GA Logue, BA AF Baskin, SI Petrikovics, I Platoff, GE Rockwood, GA Logue, BA TI Spectrophotometric analysis of the cyanide metabolite 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) SO TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE cyanide metabolite; 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid; ATCA; 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid; ITCA; spectrophotometric analysis ID 2-IMINOTHIAZOLIDINE-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID; BLOOD CYANIDE; ERYTHROCYTES; THIOSULFATE AB Methods of directly evaluating cyanide levels are limited by the volatility of cyanide and by the difficulty of establishing steady-state cyanide levels with time. We investigated the measurement of a stable, toxic metabolite, 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA), in an attempt to circumvent the challenge of directly determining cyanide concentrations in aqueous media. This study was focused on the spectrophotometric ATCA determination in the presence of cyanide, thiocyanate (SCN-), cysteine, rhodanese, thiosulfate, and other sulfur donors. The method involves a thiazolidine ring opening in the presence of p-(hydroxy-mercuri)-benzoate, followed by the reaction with diphenylthiocarbazone (dithizone). The product is spectrophotometrically analyzed at 625 nm in carbon tetrachloride. The calibration curve was linear with a regression line of Y = 0.0022x (R-2 = 0.9971). Interference of cyanide antidotes with the method was determined. Cyanide, thiosulfate, butanethiosulfonate (BTS), and rhodanese did not appreciably interfere with the analysis, but SCN- and cysteine significantly shifted the standard curve. This sensitive spectrophotometric method has shown promise as a substitute for the measurement of the less stable cyanide. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Analyt Toxicol Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Chem, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Off Commander, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Baskin, SI (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Analyt Toxicol Div, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM steven.baskin@us.army.mil NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6524 J9 TOXICOL MECH METHOD JI Toxicol. Mech. Methods PD AUG PY 2006 VL 16 IS 6 BP 339 EP 345 DI 10.1080/15376520600616933 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 051XD UT WOS:000238194100006 PM 20021033 ER PT J AU Efstathiou, JA Chen, MH Catalona, WJ McLeod, DG Carroll, PR Moul, JW Roehl, KA D'Amico, AV AF Efstathiou, Jason A. Chen, Ming-Hui Catalona, William J. McLeod, David G. Carroll, Peter R. Moul, Judd W. Roehl, Kimberly A. D'Amico, Anthony V. TI Prostate-specific antigen-based serial screening may decrease prostate cancer-specific mortality SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; BIOCHEMICAL RECURRENCE; RADIATION-THERAPY; ANDROGEN ABLATION; PRACTICE PATTERNS; ERA; PREDICTORS; DATABASE; PROGRAM AB Objectives. To compare the preoperative characteristics, postoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) doubling time (DT), and prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) estimates after PSA failure in men diagnosed during a screening study versus a community referral population. A PSA-DT of less than 3 months is a surrogate endpoint for PCSM. Methods. From 1988 to 2002, 1492 of 9637 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer underwent radical prostatectomy and experienced PSA failure. They were either participating in a screening study (n = 841) or attended 1 of 44 community-based practices (n = 611). The distributions of PSA, Gleason score, tumor stage, and PSA-DT were compared using chi-square metric. The estimates of PCSM after PSA failure were compared using Gray's P value. Results. Compared with the community population, the annually screened men experiencing PSA failure had a lower PSA level at diagnosis (5.1 versus 9.5 ng/mL, P < 0.0001), were less likely to have Gleason score 7 to 10 cancer (25.1 % versus 42.1 %, P < 0.0001), and were more likely to have low-risk disease (64.5% versus 23.8%, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the screened cohort had a reduction (P < 0.0001) in the proportion with a PSA-DT of less than 3, 3 to 5.99, and 6 to 11.99 months and a significant increase in the proportion with a PSA-DT of 12 months or longer. After a median follow-up of 4.5 and 4.1 years after PSA failure in the screened and community cohorts, respectively, the PCSM estimates were lower (P = 0.0002) in the screened cohort (10-year estimate 3.6% [95% confidence interval 1.3 to 5.8] versus 11.3% [95% confidence interval 5.9 to 17.4]). Conclusions. Patients diagnosed by annual prostate cancer screening appeared more likely to experience an indolent PSA recurrence and less likely to die of prostate cancer after PSA recurrence compared with patients referred from the community. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Radiat Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Stat, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Urol, Chicago, IL USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Urol Serv, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Urol Surg, Durham, NC USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, St Louis, MO USA. RP Efstathiou, JA (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Radiat Oncol, 75 Francis St,12, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM jefstathiou@partners.org NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD AUG PY 2006 VL 68 IS 2 BP 342 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2006.02.030 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 084WT UT WOS:000240565800025 PM 16904449 ER PT J AU Cardo, LJ Salata, J Mendez, J Reddy, H Goodrich, R AF Cardo, L. J. Salata, J. Mendez, J. Reddy, H. Goodrich, R. TI Pathogen inactivation of trypanosoma cruzi in platelet concentrates with riboflavin and UV light SO VOX SANGUINIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Navigant Biotechnol, Lakewood, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0042-9007 J9 VOX SANG JI Vox Sang. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 91 SU 3 BP 177 EP 177 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 077AE UT WOS:000239999300437 ER PT J AU Wagner, SJ Skripchenko, A Salata, J Cardo, LJ AF Wagner, S. J. Skripchenko, A. Salata, J. Cardo, L. J. TI Photoinactivation of Leishmania donovani infantum in red cell suspensions by a flexible thiopyrylium sensitizer SO VOX SANGUINIS LA English DT Article DE inactivation; Leishmania; pathogen reduction; photosensitizer; red cell ID STORAGE AB Background and Objectives Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, which are intracellular parasites of monocytes and macrophages. Transmission of the organism has been observed by transfusion of infected blood from asymptomatic donors to immunocompromised recipients, leading to clinically apparent disease. There is no licensed Leishmania screening test currently available. Materials and Methods This study investigated the potential for a novel DNA-intercalating photosensitizer, thiopyrylium (TP), to inactivate Leishmania donovani infantum in red cell (RBC) suspensions. Results A 5.7 TCID50 reduction of Leishmania was observed in samples treated with 12.5 mu mole l(-1) TP and 1.1 J cm(-2) light. Conclusions Leishmania is highly sensitive to photoinactivation under conditions that have been previously demonstrated to maintain RBC properties during 42 days of storage. C1 Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab Biomed Sci, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Wagner, SJ (reprint author), Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab Biomed Sci, 15601 Crabbs Branch Way, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. EM wagners@usa.redcross.org FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL66770] NR 12 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0042-9007 J9 VOX SANG JI Vox Sang. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 91 IS 2 BP 178 EP 180 DI 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2006.00810.x PG 3 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 066WI UT WOS:000239260700014 PM 16907880 ER PT J AU Douglas, TA AF Douglas, Thomas A. TI Seasonality of bedrock weathering chemistry and CO2 consumption in a small watershed, the White River, Vermont SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bedrock weathering; river chemistry; carbonate system; carbon dioxide; geochemistry ID ZEALAND SOUTHERN ALPS; SR-87/SR-86 GEOCHEMISTRY; DISSEMINATED CALCITE; STRONTIUM ISOTOPES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SILICATE; BASIN; RATES; DISSOLUTION; CARBONATE AB The draw down of CO2 from the atmosphere during mineral weathering plays a major role in the global budget of this greenhouse gas. Silicate minerals remove twice the CO2 of carbonate minerals per mole of calcium in runoff during weathering. Bedrock weathering chemistry was investigated in the White River watershed of northeastern USA to investigate whether there are seasonal differences in carbonate and silicate weathering chemistry. Geographic Information Systems analyses of bedrock geology were combined with major element concentrations in river waters to gain an understanding of the consistency of mineral weathering during three seasons. The percent of carbonate mineralogy comprising the bedrock in tributaries of the White River varied from less than 5% to 45% by area. A mass balance calculation using major element concentrations in waters was applied to estimate the seasonal relationships between bedrock geology and bicarbonate flux. In all tributaries and the main stem of the White River the highest calculated percent of bicarbonate from carbonate mineral weathering was measured in the late fall. The results suggest that carbonate and silicate bedrock weathering processes are seasonally controlled. Thus single season sampling could not accurately represent an entire year's geochemical budget. In the White River, water samples obtained solely during the summer would consistently underestimate the total yearly source of bicarbonate from carbonate bedrock weathering. The same sample set would also provide data that would lead to an underestimation of the yearly atmospheric CO2 draw down by bedrock weathering in the watershed. For example at four of the seven locations studied there was an almost two-fold difference between summer and spring calculated atmospheric CO2 consumption rates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. RP Douglas, TA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Bldg 4070,POB 35170, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. EM Thomas.A.Douglas@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 49 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JUL 30 PY 2006 VL 231 IS 3 BP 236 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.01.024 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 066WP UT WOS:000239261400005 ER PT J AU Herrmann, JE Wang, SX Zhang, CY Panchal, RG Bavari, S Lyons, CR Lovchik, JA Golding, B Shiloach, J Lu, S AF Herrmann, John E. Wang, Shixia Zhang, Chuanyou Panchal, Rekha G. Bavari, Sina Lyons, C. Rick Lovchik, Julie A. Golding, Basil Shiloach, Joseph Lu, Shan TI Passive immunotherapy of Bacillus anthracis pulmonary infection in mice with antisera produced by DNA immunization SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE DNA vaccine; protective antibodies; passive immunity; immunotherapy ID PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; GENETIC IMMUNIZATION; ANTIBODY FRAGMENTS; BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS; EBOLA-VIRUS; GUINEA-PIGS; IMMUNITY; TOXIN; BIOTERRORISM; COMBINATION AB Because of the high failure rate of antibiotic treatment in patients with anthrax there is a need for additional therapies such as passive immunization with therapeutic antibodies. In this study, we used codon-optimized plasmid DNAs (DNA vaccines) encoding Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) to immunize rabbits for producing anti-anthrax antibodies for use in passive immunotherapy. The antisera generated with these DNA vaccines were of high titer as measured by ELISA. The antisera were also able to protect J774 macrophage cells by neutralizing the cytotoxic effect of exogenously added anthrax lethal toxin, and of the toxin released by B. anthracis (Sterne strain) spores following infection. In addition, the antisera passively protected mice against pulmonary challenge with an approximate 50 LD50 dose of B. anthracis (Sterne strain) spores. The protection in mice was obtained when the antiserum was given 1 h before or 1 h after challenge. We further demonstrated that IgG and F(ab')(2) components purified from anti-PA rabbit hyperimmune sera retained similar levels of neutralizing activities against both exogenously added B. anthracis lethal toxin and toxin produced by B. anthracis (Sterne strain) spores. The high titer antisera we produced will enable an immunization strategy to supplement antibiotic therapy for improving the survival of patients with anthrax. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Antibody Sci Inc, Worcester, MA 01603 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Med, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. NCI, SAIC Frederick Inc, Target Struct Based Drug Discovery Grp, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21705 USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. US FDA, Div Hematol, Off Blood Res & Review, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NIDDK, Biotechnol Unit, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Herrmann, JE (reprint author), Antibody Sci Inc, 80 Webster St, Worcester, MA 01603 USA. EM ASI@AbScience.com OI Lu, Shan/0000-0002-8417-7588 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-12400]; NIAID NIH HHS [U54 AI 057156-01, R43 AI056761] NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 26 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 31-32 BP 5872 EP 5880 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.04.065 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 069TB UT WOS:000239470000014 PM 16790303 ER PT J AU Andreas, EL Claffey, KJ Jordan, RE Fairall, CW Guest, PS Persson, POG Grachev, AA AF Andreas, Edgar L. Claffey, Kerry J. Jordan, Rachel E. Fairall, Christopher W. Guest, Peter S. Persson, P. Ola G. Grachev, Andrey A. TI Evaluations of the von Karman constant in the atmospheric surface layer SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Review ID GEOSTROPHIC DRAG COEFFICIENTS; STABLE BOUNDARY-LAYER; DRIFTING STATION DATA; KANSAS MAST INFLUENCE; WESTERN WEDDELL SEA; TURBULENT PIPE-FLOW; VON KARMAN CONSTANT; VONKARMAN CONSTANT; SONIC ANEMOMETER; SCALAR TRANSFER AB The von Karman constant k relates the flow speed profile in a wall-bounded shear flow to the stress at the surface. Recent laboratory studies in aerodynamically smooth flow report k values that cluster around 0.42-0.43 and around 0.37-0.39. Recent data from the atmospheric boundary layer, where the flow is usually aerodynamically rough, are similarly ambiguous: k is often reported to be significantly smaller than the canonical value 0.40, and two recent data sets suggest that k decreases with increasing roughness Reynolds number Re-*. To this discussion, we bring two large atmospheric data sets that suggest k is constant, 0.387 +/- 0.003, for 2 <=(*) Re. <= 100. The data come from our yearlong deployment on Arctic sea ice during SHEBA, the experiment to study the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean, and from over 800h of observations over Antarctic sea ice on Ice Station Weddell (ISW). These were superb sites for atmospheric boundary-layer research; they were horizontally homogeneous, uncomplicated by topography, and unobstructed and uniform for hundreds of kilometres in all directions. During SHEBA, we instrumented a 20 m tower at five levels between 2 and 18 m with identical sonic anemometer/thermometers and, with these, measured hourly averaged values of the wind speed U(z) and the stress tau(z) at each tower level z. On ISW. we measured the wind-speed profile with propeller anemometers at four heights between 0.5 and 4 m and measured T with a sonic anemometer/thermometer at one height. On invoking strict quality controls, we gleaned 453 hourly U(z) profiles from the SHEBA set and 100 from the ISW set. All of these profiles reflect near-neutral stratification, and each exhibits a logarithmic layer that extends over all sampling heights. By combining these profiles and our measurements of tau, we made 553 independent determinations of k. This is, thus, the largest, most comprehensive atmospheric data set ever used to evaluate the von Karman constant. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Andreas, EL (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. OI GRACHEV, ANDREY/0000-0002-7143-0820 NR 108 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 17 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD JUL 25 PY 2006 VL 559 BP 117 EP 149 DI 10.1017/S0022112006000164 PG 33 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 074SP UT WOS:000239832400006 ER PT J AU Seehusen, DA Johnson, DR Earwood, JS Sethuraman, SN Cornali, J Gillespie, K Doria, M Farnell, E Lanham, J AF Seehusen, Dean A. Johnson, Dawn R. Earwood, J. Scott Sethuraman, Sankar N. Cornali, Jamie Gillespie, Kelly Doria, Maria Farnell, Edwin Lanham, Jason TI Improving women's experience during speculum examinations at routine gynaecological visits: randomised clinical trial SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NO-STIRRUP METHOD; PELVIC EXAMINATIONS; PAIN AB Objectives To determine if a standardised method of leg positioning without stirrups reduces the physical discomfort and sense of vulnerability and increases the sense of control among women undergoing speculum examination as part of a routine gynaecological examination. Design Randomised clinical trial. Setting Family medicine outpatient clinic. Patients 197 adult women undergoing routine gynaecological examination and cervical smear. Intervention Examination with or without stirrups. Main outcome measures Women's perceived levels of physical discomfort, sense of vulnerability, and sense of control during the examination, measured on 100 turn visual analogue scales. Results Women undergoing examination without stirrups had a reduction in mean sense of vulnerability from 23.6 to 13.1 (95% confidence interval of the difference - 16.6 to - 4.4). Mean physical discomfort was reduced front 30.4 to 17.2 (- 19.7 to - 6.8). There was no significant reduction in sense of loss of control. Conclusion Women should be able to have gynaecological examinations without using stirrups to reduce the stress associated with speculum examinations. C1 Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Family & Community Med, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. Augusta State Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Augusta, GA 30904 USA. RP Seehusen, DA (reprint author), Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Family & Community Med, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. EM dseehusen@msn.con NR 17 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8146 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD JUL 22 PY 2006 VL 333 IS 7560 BP 171 EP 173 DI 10.1136/bmj.38888.588519.55 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 068DJ UT WOS:000239352100018 PM 16803941 ER PT J AU Fanchini, G McCauley, JW Chhowalla, M AF Fanchini, Giovanni McCauley, James W. Chhowalla, Manish TI Behavior of disordered boron carbide under stress SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON AB Gibbs free-energy calculations based on density functional theory have been used to determine the possible source of failure of boron carbide just above the Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL). A range of B4C polytypes is found to be stable at room pressure. The energetic barrier for shock amorphization of boron carbide is by far the lowest for the B-12(CCC) polytype, requiring only 6 GPa approximate to P(HEL) for collapse under hydrostatic conditions. The results clearly demonstrate that the collapse of the B-12(CCC) phase leads to segregation of B-12 and amorphous carbon in the form of 2-3 nm bands along the (113) lattice direction, in excellent agreement with recent transmission electron microscopy results. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. ARL, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Fanchini, G (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 22 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 3 AR 035502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.035502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 065QS UT WOS:000239175000024 PM 16907509 ER PT J AU Young, SS Driggers, RG AF Young, S. Susan Driggers, Ronald G. TI Superresolution image reconstruction from a sequence of aliased imagery SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SUBPIXEL REGISTRATION; SUPER-RESOLUTION; ALGORITHM; FRAMES; EXTRACTION; REDUCTION; MOTION; FLOW; MAP AB We present a superresolution image reconstruction from a sequence of aliased imagery. The subpixel shifts (displacement) among the images are unknown due to the uncontrolled natural jitter of the imager. A correlation method is utilized to estimate subpixel shifts between each low-resolution aliased image with respect to a reference image. An error-energry reduction algorithm is derived to reconstruct the hi-h-resolution alias-free output image. The main feature of this proposed error-energy reduction algorithm is that we treat the spatial samples from low-resolution images that possess unknown and irregular (uncontrolled) subpixel shifts as a set of constraints to populate an oversampled (sampled above the desired output bandwidth) processing array. The estimated subpixel locations of these samples and their values constitute a spatial domain constraint. Furthermore. the bandwidth of the alias-free image (or the sensor imposed bandwidth) is the criterion used as a spatial frequency domain constraint on the oversampled processing array. The results of testing the proposed algorithm on the simulated low-resolution forward-looking infrared (FLIR) images. real-world FLIR image. and visible images are provided. A comparison of the proposed algorithm with a Standard interpolation algorithm for processing the simulated low-resolution FLIR images is also provided. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Young, SS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM ssyoung@arl.army.mil; ron.driggers@nvl.army.mil NR 42 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 21 BP 5073 EP 5085 DI 10.1364/AO.45.005073 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 065TE UT WOS:000239181600003 PM 16826246 ER PT J AU Salierno, JD Snyder, NS Murphy, AZ Poli, M Hall, S Baden, D Kane, AS AF Salierno, J. D. Snyder, N. S. Murphy, A. Z. Poli, M. Hall, S. Baden, D. Kane, A. S. TI Harmful algal bloom toxins alter c-Fos protein expression in the brain of killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fish; c-fos; brevetoxin; saxitoxin; domoic acid; Fundulus heteroclitus ID CEREBELLAR GRANULE NEURONS; DOMOIC ACID; RAT; ACTIVATION; FOREBRAIN; FISH; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; IDENTIFICATION; TETRODOTOXIN; STIMULATION AB The immediate early gene c-fos, and its protein product c-Fos, are known to be induced in neurons of mammals and fish as a result of neuronal stimulation. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively examine CNS alterations in killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, in relation to harmful algal bloom (HAB) toxin exposure. c-Fos expression was visualized using immunocytochemistry in the brains of killifish exposed to the excitatory neurotoxins domoic acid (DA) and brevetoxin (PbTx-2), and a paralytic neurotoxin, saxitoxin (STX), released from HABs. In addition, a simulated transport stress experiment was conducted to investigate effects of physical stress on c-Fos induction. Groups of fish were exposed to the different stress agents, brain sections were processed for c-Fos staining, and expression was quantified by brain region. Fish exposed to DA, STX, and transport stress displayed significant alterations in neuronal c-Fos expression when compared to control fish (p < 0.05). DA, PbTx-2, and transport stress increased c-Fos expression in the optic tecta regions of the brain, whereas STX significantly decreased expression. This is the first study to quantify c-Fos protein expression in fish exposed to HAB toxins. General alterations in brain activity, as well as knowledge of specific regions within the brain activated in association with HABs or other stressors, provides valuable insights into the neural control of fish behavior as well as sublethal effects of specific stressors in the CNS. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Aquat Pathobiol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Integrated Toxicol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. US FDA, Off Seafood, Beltsville Res Facil, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ N Carolina, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. Univ Maryland, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Aquat Pathobiol Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kane, AS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Aquat Pathobiol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM akane@umaryland.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES010594-07, P01 ES010594] NR 36 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JUL 20 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 4 BP 350 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.04.010 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 062HJ UT WOS:000238934900006 PM 16750577 ER PT J AU Douglas, K O'Malley, PG Jackson, JL AF Douglas, Kevin O'Malley, Patrick G. Jackson, Jeffrey L. TI Meta-analysis: The effect of statins on albuminuria SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID ISOLATED SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION; IMPROVES ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; CHOLESTEROL-LOWERING THERAPY; COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; TYPE-2 DIABETIC-PATIENTS; SIMVASTATIN TREATMENT; RENAL-FUNCTION; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC PATIENTS; CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS; BLOOD-PRESSURE AB Background: Albuminuria is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and renal disease with limited therapeutic options. Data on the effects of statins on albuminuria are conflicting. Purpose: To determine whether and to what degree statins affect albuminuria. Data Sources: English-language and non-English-language studies found in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, SciSearch, PASCAL, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA) databases and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials that were published between January 1974 and November 2005. Study Selection: Randomized, placebo-controlled trials of statins reporting baseline and follow-up measurements of albuminuria or proteinuria measured by 24-hour urine collection or the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Data Extraction: Two investigators independently abstracted study quality, characteristics, and outcomes. Data Synthesis: Fifteen studies involving a total of 1384 patients and averaging 24 weeks in duration were included. Meta-analysis of the proportional reduction in proteinuria showed that statins reduced albuminuria (11 studies) and proteinuria (4 studies) in 13 of 15 studies. The reduction in excretion was greater among studies with greater baseline albuminuria or proteinuria: change of 2% (95% Cl, -32% to 35%) for those with excretion less than 30 mg/d, -48% (Cl, -71 % to -25%) for those with excretion of 30 to 300 mg/d, and -47% (Cl, -67% to -26%) for those with excretion more than 300 mg/d. Statistical heterogeneity was evident only in the group with excretion greater than 300 mg/d (excretion < 30 mg/d, I-2 = 23% [P = 0.27]; excretion of 30 to 299 mg/d, I-2 = 0% [P = 0.64]; excretion >= 300 mg/d, I-2 = 63% [P = 0.020]). Limitations: Published studies were not of high quality on average and varied markedly in effect size, as well as in characteristics of the cohorts. Unpublished studies showing no effect could impact these results. Conclusion: Statins may have a beneficial effect on pathologic albuminuria. The validity of this finding, and whether this effect translates into reduction of cardiovascular or end-stage renal disease, requires larger studies. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Douglas, K (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 40 TC 144 Z9 157 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUL 18 PY 2006 VL 145 IS 2 BP 117 EP 124 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 063WU UT WOS:000239051400005 PM 16847294 ER PT J AU Gallinat, CS Koblmuller, G Brown, JS Bernardis, S Speck, JS Chern, GD Readinger, ED Shen, HG Wraback, M AF Gallinat, Chad S. Koblmuller, Gregor Brown, Jay S. Bernardis, Sarah Speck, James S. Chern, Grace D. Readinger, Eric D. Shen, Hongen Wraback, Michael TI In-polar InN grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BAND-GAP; SURFACE MORPHOLOGIES; BUFFER LAYER; THIN-FILMS; ACCUMULATION AB We study the effect of different deposition conditions on the properties of In-polar InN grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. GaN buffer layers grown in the Ga-droplet regime prior to the InN deposition significantly improved the surface morphology of InN films grown with excess In flux. Using this approach, In-polar InN films have been realized with room temperature electron mobilities as high as 2250 cm(2)/V s. We correlate electron concentrations in our InN films with the unintentionally incorporated impurities, oxygen and hydrogen. A surface electron accumulation layer of 5.11x10(13) cm(-2) is measured for In-polar InN. Analysis of optical absorption data provides a band gap energy of similar to 0.65 eV for the thickest InN films. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gallinat, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM chadsg@engineering.ucsb.edu RI Gallinat, Chad/E-7561-2010; Speck, James/H-5646-2011 NR 21 TC 123 Z9 124 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 17 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 3 AR 032109 DI 10.1063/1.2234274 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 065QJ UT WOS:000239174100060 ER PT J AU Wang, XY Stavchansky, S Bowman, PD Kerwin, SM AF Wang, XY Stavchansky, S Bowman, PD Kerwin, SM TI Cytoprotective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and catechol ring-fluorinated CAPE derivatives against menadione-induced oxidative stress in human endothelial cells SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE caffeic acid phenethyl ester; ferulic acid ester; fluorine effect; Wittig coupling; apoptosis; endothelial; in vitro models; menadione; structure-activity relationship ID ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; NONMONOTONIC DOSE-RESPONSE; HIV-1 INTEGRASE; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; ANTIOXIDANTS; MECHANISM; ANALOGS; COLON; DNA AB Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a natural polyphenolic compound with many biological activities, has been shown to be protective against ischemia reperfusion injury. We have synthesized six new catechol ring-fluorinated CAPE derivatives and evaluated their cytotoxic and cytoprotective effects against menadione-induced cytotoxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These results provide some insights into the structural basis of CAPE cytoprotection in this assay, which does not appear to be based solely on direct antioxidant properties. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Coll Pharm, Div Pharmaceut, Austin, TX 78713 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Div Med Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Mol & Cellular Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Stavchansky, S (reprint author), Univ Texas, Coll Pharm, Div Pharmaceut, Austin, TX 78713 USA. EM stavchansky@mail.utexas.edu; skerwin@mail.utexas.edu OI Kerwin, Sean/0000-0001-8432-6558 NR 49 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 14 IS 14 BP 4879 EP 4887 DI 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.03.015 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 058XV UT WOS:000238698800018 PM 16580214 ER PT J AU van der Schalie, WH James, RR Gargan, TP AF van der Schalie, William H. James, Ryan R. Gargan, Thomas P., II TI Selection of a battery of rapid toxicity sensors for drinking water evaluation SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE toxicity sensor; test battery; drinking water; military exposure guideline; MEG ID BIOASSAY; CELLS AB Comprehensive identification of chemical contaminants in Army field water supplies can be a lengthy process, but rapid analytical methods suitable for field use are limited. A complementary approach is to directly measure toxicity instead of individual chemical constituents. Ten toxicity sensors utilizing enzymes, bacteria, or vertebrate cells were tested to determine the minimum number of sensors that could rapidly identify toxicity in water samples containing one of 12 industrial chemicals. The ideal sensor would respond at a concentration just exceeding the Military Exposure Guideline (MEG) level for the chemical (an estimated threshold for adverse effects) but below the human lethal concentration. Chemical solutions were provided to testing laboratories as blind samples. No sensors responded to deionized water blanks; and only one sensor responded to a hard water blank. No single toxicity sensor responded to more than six chemicals in the desired response range, and one chemical (nicotine) was not detected by any sensor with the desired sensitivity. A combination of three sensors (Microtox, the Electric Cell Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) test, and the Hepatocyte low density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake test) responded appropriately to nine of twelve chemicals. Adding a fourth sensor (neuronal microelectrode array) to the test battery allowed detection of two additional chemicals (aldicarb and methamidophos), but the neuronal microelectrode array was overly sensitive to paraquat. Evaluating sensor performance using a standard set of chemicals and a desired sensitivity range provides a basis both for selecting among available toxicity sensors and for evaluating emerging sensor technologies. Recommendations for future toxicity sensor evaluations are discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP van der Schalie, WH (reprint author), USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, 568 Doughten Dr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM william.vanderschalie@us.army.mil NR 25 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 1 BP 18 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2005.11.019 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 091PK UT WOS:000241040600003 PM 16406499 ER PT J AU Corron, NJ Hayes, ST Pethel, SD Blakely, JN AF Corron, Ned J. Hayes, Scott T. Pethel, Shawn D. Blakely, Jonathan N. TI Chaos without nonlinear dynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIMENSION; FLOW AB A linear, second-order filter driven by randomly polarized pulses is shown to generate a waveform that is chaotic under time reversal. That is, the filter output exhibits determinism and a positive Lyapunov exponent when viewed backward in time. The filter is demonstrated experimentally using a passive electronic circuit, and the resulting waveform exhibits a Lorenz-like butterfly structure. This phenomenon suggests that chaos may be connected to physical theories whose underlying framework is not that of a traditional deterministic nonlinear dynamical system. C1 USA, RECOM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Corron, NJ (reprint author), USA, RECOM, AMSRD,AMR,WS,ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. OI Blakely, Jonathan/0000-0002-9772-582X; Corron, Ned/0000-0002-3232-5024 NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 2 AR 024101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.024101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 063YZ UT WOS:000239057200031 PM 16907450 ER PT J AU Rerks-Ngarm, S Brown, AE Khamboonruang, C Thongcharoen, P Kunasol, P AF Rerks-Ngarm, Supachai Brown, Arthur E. Khamboonruang, Chirasak Thongcharoen, Prasert Kunasol, Prayura TI HIV/AIDS preventive vaccine 'prime-boost' phase III trial: foundations and initial lessons learned from Thailand SO AIDS LA English DT Editorial Material ID HIV VACCINE; NORTHERN THAILAND; SUBTYPE-B; IMMUNOGENICITY; INFECTION; PROGRAM; BANGKOK; SAFETY; ADULTS; SITES C1 Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. USA, Med Mat Dev Activ, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Rerks-Ngarm, S (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL 13 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1471 EP 1479 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000237362.26370.f8 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 076VE UT WOS:000239985400001 PM 16847401 ER PT J AU Silverberg, MJ Wegner, SA Milazzo, MJ McKaig, RG Williams, CF Agan, BK Armstrong, AW Gange, SJ Hawkes, C O'Connell, RJ Ahuja, SK Dolan, MJ AF Silverberg, Michael J. Wegner, Scott A. Milazzo, Mark J. McKaig, Rosemary G. Williams, Carolyn F. Agan, Brian K. Armstrong, Adam W. Gange, Stephen J. Hawkes, Clifton O'Connell, Robert J. Ahuja, Sunil K. Dolan, Matthew J. CA Tri-Service AIDS Clinical TI Effectiveness of highly-active antiretroviral therapy by race/ethnicity SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE highly-active antiretroviral therapy; survival; AIDS; race/ethnicity; HIV seroconversion; effectiveness ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; POPULATION EFFECTIVENESS; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; AIDS PROGRESSION; GENE VARIANTS; HIV DISEASE; DRUG-USE; CCR5; RACE AB Objective: To determine the effectiveness of HAART by race/ethnicity. Design: Prospective multicenter cohort study. Methods: We studied 991 African-Americans and 911 European-Americans enrolled in the United States Military's Tri-Service AIDS Clinical Consortium Natural History Study who had dates of HIV seroconversion known within 5 years and followed between 1990 and 2002. We determined the rate of disease progression to AIDS and death for subjects in this cohort. Multivariable models evaluated race, pre-HAART (1990-1995) and HAART (1996-2002) eras, age, gender and military service. Results: In the pre-HAART era, African-Americans had a statistically nonsignificant trend towards better outcomes: the relative hazards (RH) of AIDS and death for African-Americans compared to European-Americans were 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68-1.051 and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.55-1.08), respectively. In the HAART era, outcomes were similar by race: 1.17 (95% CI, 0.86-1.61) for AIDS and 1.11 (95% CI, 0.81-1.53) for death with overlapping Kaplan-Meier curves. Relative to the pre-HAART era, the adjusted RH of AIDS in the HAART era was 0.41 (95% CI, 0.31-0.54) and 0.30 (95% CI, 0.22-0.40) for African-American and European-American participants, respectively. Analogous RH for death were 0.55 (95% CI, 0.38-0.80) and 0.38 (95% CI, 0.27-0.54). The precipitous declines in AIDS and death in the HAART era were not statistically different by race. Conclusions: In a large multi-racial cohort with equal access to health care, HIV treatment outcomes by race/ethnicity were similar. (c) 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. TACC, NHS, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIAID, Epidemiol Branch, Div AIDS, NIH,DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Vet Adm Res Ctr Aids & HIV 1 Infect, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas Hlth Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX USA. Def Inst Med Operat, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Dolan, MJ (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM Matthew.Dolan@brooks.af.mil OI Gange, Stephen/0000-0001-7842-512X; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01-AI-42590] NR 37 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL 13 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1531 EP 1538 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000237369.41617.0f PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 076VE UT WOS:000239985400008 PM 16847408 ER PT J AU Buchanan, JH Buettner, LC Tevault, DE AF Buchanan, James H. Buettner, Leonard C. Tevault, David E. TI Vapor pressure of solid bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED CARBON AB The vapor pressure of the vesicant chemical warfare agent, bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide ( also known as sulfur mustard or HD), has been measured at T = (-25 to +20) degrees C using a modified ASTM vapor saturation methodology. This work represents the initial report of the measured vapor pressure of HD below its melting point, +14.45 degrees C. The data measured for solid-phase HD are consistent with the previously reported enthalpy of fusion and liquid-phase vapor pressure of HD. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSRD ECB RT, Res & Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Tevault, DE (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSRD ECB RT, Res & Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM david.tevault@us.army.mil NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD JUL 13 PY 2006 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1331 EP 1334 DI 10.1021/je060077o PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 063FA UT WOS:000239001900033 ER PT J AU Delfin, DA Bhattacharjee, AK Yakovich, AJ Werbovetz, KA AF Delfin, Dawn A. Bhattacharjee, Apurba K. Yakovich, Adam J. Werbovetz, Karl A. TI Activity of and initial mechanistic studies on a novel antileishmanial agent identified through in silico pharmacophore development and database searching SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI; LEISHMANIA-DONOVANI; ULTRASTRUCTURAL ALTERATIONS; MITOCHONDRION; PENTAMIDINE; RESISTANCE; INHIBITION; TUBULIN; DRUG AB A 3D pharmacophore was generated to describe the antileishmanial activity of dinitroaniline sulfonamides by CATALYST 3D-QSAR methodology, and this pharmacophore was used to search the Maybridge database. Two compounds identified in this search, BTB 06237 and BTB 06256, were highly active with IC50 values against L. donvani amastigotes of 0.5 +/- 0.2 and 2.3 +/- 0.8 mu M, respectively. BTB 06237 also reduced parasite burdens in L. mexicana- infected J774 macrophages at low micromolar concentrations. Unlike the dinitroaniline sulfonamides, the active compounds did not display antimitotic effects against Leishmania. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the single parasite mitochondrion becomes dilated following incubation with BTB 06237, and fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that this organelle fragments into intensely staining spheres when treated with a mitochondrion-specific dye. The mitochondrial membrane potential was also dissipated in BTB 06237-treated parasites. These results indicate that BTB 06237 is an intriguing antileishmanial lead compound that likely interferes with mitochondrial function. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Pharm, Div Med Chem & Pharmacognosy, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. RP Werbovetz, KA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Pharm, Div Med Chem & Pharmacognosy, Pks Hall Room 331,500 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM werbovetz.1@osu.edu RI Werbovetz, Karl/E-4290-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI061021] NR 33 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD JUL 13 PY 2006 VL 49 IS 14 BP 4196 EP 4207 DI 10.1021/jm060156v PG 12 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 060MH UT WOS:000238805800022 PM 16821779 ER PT J AU Ling, G Maher, C AF Ling, Geoffrey Maher, Cornelius TI US neurologists in Iraq - Personal perspective SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, USA, Med Corps, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Ling, G (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, USA, Med Corps, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM gling@usuhs.mil NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD JUL 11 PY 2006 VL 67 IS 1 BP 14 EP 17 DI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000227781.79800.93 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 062IB UT WOS:000238936700006 PM 16832071 ER PT J AU Mackie, DM AF Mackie, David M. TI Multimode interference devices with input-output ports on the sides SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE; SPLITTERS; SWITCH; BEAMSPLITTERS; COUPLERS; DESIGN AB Multimode interference (MMI) devices are useful for power splitting and for the separation or combination of wavelengths or polarizations, usually in integrated optics. Input-output guides connect to the MMI region by ports. In all previously reported MMI devices, the input and output guides connect only to the ends of the MMI region; i.e., they are end ported. What is believed to be a novel arrangement of the input-output ports on MMI devices is described. By placing input-output ports either partially or entirely on the sides of the MMI region (i.e., side porting), a variety of benefits are achieved and a variety of new devices can be made. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USA, Res Lab, Microphoton Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Mackie, DM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Microphoton Branch, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM dmackie@arl.army.mil NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 20 BP 4933 EP 4940 DI 10.1364/AO.45.004933 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 063KV UT WOS:000239018000019 PM 16807602 ER PT J AU Tagg, NT Tsao, JW AF Tagg, N. Troy Tsao, Jack W. TI Abdominal pseudohernia due to herpes zoster SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Tagg, NT (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 6 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 1 BP E1 EP E1 DI 10.1056/NEJMicm050341 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 060DT UT WOS:000238783200009 PM 16822989 ER PT J AU Hasan, S Krishnaiah, A Ghosh, TK Viswanath, DS Boddu, VM Smith, ED AF Hasan, S Krishnaiah, A Ghosh, TK Viswanath, DS Boddu, VM Smith, ED TI Adsorption of divalent cadmium (Cd(II)) from aqueous solutions onto chitosan-coated perlite beads SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID METAL-IONS; ACTIVATED CARBON; WASTE-WATER; POTENTIAL-THEORY; CROSS-LINKING; REMOVAL; EDTA; DEGRADATION; ADSORBENTS; KINETICS AB Chitosan-coated perlite beads were prepared in the laboratory via the phase inversion of a liquid slurry of chitosan dissolved in oxalic acid and perlite to an alkaline bath for better exposure of amine groups (NH2). The NH2 groups in chitosan are considered active sites for the adsorption of heavy metals. The beads were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis, which revealed their porous nature. The chitosan content of the beads was 32%, as determined using a thermogravimetric method. The adsorption of Cd2+ from an aqueous solutions on chitosan-coated perlite beads was studied under both equilibrium and dynamic conditions in the concentration range of 1005000 ppm. The pH of the solution was varied over a range of 2-8. The adsorption of Cd2+ on chitosan was determined to be pH-dependent, and the maximum adsorption capacity of chitosan-coated perlite beads was determined to be 178.6 mg/g of bead at 298 K when the Cd(II) concentration was 5000 mg/L and the pH of the solution was 6.0. On a chitosan basis, the capacity was 558 mg/g of chitosan. The XPS data suggests that cadmium was mainly adsorbed as Cd2+ and was attached to the NH2 group. The adsorption data could be fitted to a two-site Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The data obtained at various temperatures provided a single characteristic curve when correlated according to a modified Polanyi's potential theory. The heat of adsorption data calculated at various loadings suggests that the adsorption was exothermic in nature. It was noted that a 0.1N solution of HCl could remove the adsorbed cadmium from the beads, but a bed volume of approximately three times the bed volume of treated solution was required to completely remove Cd(II) from the beads. However, one bed volume of 0.5 M ethylenediamine tetra acetate (EDTA) solution can remove all of the adsorbed cadmium after the bed became saturated with Cd(II) during dynamic study with a solution containing 100 mg/L of cadmium. The diffusion coefficient of Cd(II) onto chitosan-coated beads was calculated from the breakthrough curve, using Rosen's model, and was determined to be 8.0 x 10(-13) m(2)/s. C1 Univ Missouri, Nucl Sci & Engn Inst, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Labs, Environm Proc Branch CN E, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Ghosh, TK (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Nucl Sci & Engn Inst, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM ghoshT@missouri.edu NR 57 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JUL 5 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 14 BP 5066 EP 5077 DI 10.1021/ie0402620 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 057IV UT WOS:000238590400027 ER PT J AU Sheridan, RE Adler, M AF Sheridan, RE Adler, M TI Growth factor dependent cholinergic function and survival in primary mouse spinal cord cultures SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE mouse; spinal cord; cell culture; growth factor; CNTF; BDNF; bFGF; choline; acetylcholine; glycine ID BOTULINUM NEUROTOXIN; IN-VITRO; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; TETANUS TOXIN; CELL-CULTURE; NEURONS; NEUROTROPHINS; MOTONEURONS; IDENTIFICATION; DEGENERATION AB In primary embryonic spinal cord cultures, synaptic transmission can be conveniently studied by monitoring radiolabeled neurotransmitter release or by recording of electrophysiological responses. However, while the mature spinal cord contains an appreciable number of cholinergic motoneurons, cultures of embryonic spinal cord have a paucity of these neurons and release little or no acetylcholine upon stimulation. To determine whether the proportion of cholinergic neurons in primary mouse spinal cord cultures can be augmented, the effects of several classes of growth factors were examined on depolarization- and Ca2+-evoked release of cholme/acetylcholine (Ch/ACh). In the absence of growth factors, little or no evoked release of radiolabeled Ch/ACh could be demonstrated. Media supplemented with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were examined for their ability to preserve the population of neurons in culture. CNTF was found to increase the number of surviving neurons and to enhance the release of radiolabeled Ch/ACh; the other factors were without effect. The action of CNTF was transient, and the neuronal population decreased to levels observed in cultures lacking growth factor after 20 days in vitro. The correlation between enhanced neuron survival and increased Ch/ACh release suggests that CNTF protected cholinergic neurons, albeit transiently, from cell death. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Analyt Toxicol Div,MCMR CDT N, Neurobeh Toxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Adler, M (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Analyt Toxicol Div,MCMR CDT N, Neurobeh Toxicol Branch, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM Michael.adler@amedd.army.mil NR 26 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0024-3205 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PD JUL 4 PY 2006 VL 79 IS 6 BP 591 EP 595 DI 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.02.002 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 060BV UT WOS:000238777400012 PM 16513141 ER PT J AU Dreyer, BJ Lee, IC Krummenacher, JJ Schmidt, LD AF Dreyer, BJ Lee, IC Krummenacher, JJ Schmidt, LD TI Autothermal steam reforming of higher hydrocarbons: n-decane, n-hexadecane, and JP-8 SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE autothermal reforming; JP-8; higher hydrocarbons; millisecond reactors; rhodium reactor ID CATALYTIC PARTIAL OXIDATION; LIQUID HYDROCARBONS; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; CONTACT TIMES; HIGH YIELDS; FUEL; GAS; TRANSPORTATION; MIXTURES; REACTORS AB Steam addition to the catalytic partial oxidation of n-decane and n-hexadecane with air over Rh-coated monoliths at millisecond contact times produces considerably higher H-2 and CO2 and lower olefin and CO selectivities than without steam addition. For steam to carbon feed ratios from 0.0 to 4.0, the reactor operated autothermally, and the H-2 to CO product ratio increased from similar to 1.0 to similar to 4.0, which is essentially the equilibrium product composition near synthesis gas stoichiometry (C/O similar to 1) at contact times of similar to 7 ms. In fuel-rich feeds exceeding the synthesis gas ratio (C/O > 1), steam addition suppressed olefins and promoted synthesis gas and water-gas shift products. Steam addition also reduced catalyst surface carbon. Furthermore, steam addition to the catalytic partial oxidation of the military fuel JP-8 was performed successfully, also increasing H2 and suppressing olefins. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Schmidt, LD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave Se, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM schmidt@cems.umn.edu RI Lee, Ivan/H-6444-2011 NR 27 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD JUL 3 PY 2006 VL 307 IS 2 BP 184 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2006.03.039 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 054SS UT WOS:000238399500002 ER PT J AU Limb, JB Yoo, D Ryou, JH Lee, W Shen, SC Dupuis, RD Reed, ML Collins, CJ Wraback, M Hanser, D Preble, E Williams, NM Evans, K AF Limb, J. B. Yoo, D. Ryou, J. H. Lee, W. Shen, S. C. Dupuis, R. D. Reed, M. L. Collins, C. J. Wraback, M. Hanser, D. Preble, E. Williams, N. M. Evans, K. TI GaN ultraviolet avalanche photodiodes with optical gain greater than 1000 grown on GaN substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; DETECTOR; EPITAXY AB We report the performance of GaN p-i-n ultraviolet avalanche photodiodes grown on bulk GaN substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The low dislocation density in the devices enables low reverse-bias dark currents prior to avalanche breakdown for similar to 30 mu m diameter mesa photodetectors. The photoresponse is relatively independent of the bias voltage prior to the onset of avalanche gain which occurs at an electric field of similar to 2.8 MV/cm. The magnitude of the reverse-bias breakdown voltage shows a positive temperature coefficient of similar to 0.05 V/K, confirming that the avalanche breakdown mechanism dominates. With ultraviolet illumination at lambda similar to 360 nm, devices with mesa diameters of similar to 50 mu m achieve stable maximum optical gains greater than 1000. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest optical gain achieved for GaN-based avalanche photodiodes and the largest area III-N avalance photodetectors yet reported. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Compound Semicond, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Kyma Technol Inc, Raleigh, NC 27617 USA. RP Dupuis, RD (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Compound Semicond, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM dupuis@gatech.edu NR 17 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 1 AR 011112 DI 10.1063/1.2219390 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 061CQ UT WOS:000238849200012 ER PT J AU Buckenmaier, CC Auton, AA Flournoy, WS AF Buckenmaier, C. C., III Auton, A. A. Flournoy, W. S. TI Continuous peripheral nerve block catheter tip adhesion in a rat model SO ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article DE adhesion; catheter design; continuous peripheral nerve block; regional anesthesia ID POSTOPERATIVE PAIN-CONTROL; ANTIADHESIVE TREATMENTS; SURGERY; HOME AB Background: Continuous peripheral nerve block (CPNB) has been used effectively in combat casualties from Iraq and Afghanistan to provide surgical anesthesia and extended duration analgesia during evacuation and convalescence. Little information is available concerning catheter tip tissue reaction with prolonged use. Methods: Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned (12 per group) to one of four catheter tip designs provided by Arrow International: group A, 20-gauge catheter with three side-holes and a bullet-shaped tip; group 13, 19-gauge StimuCath (TM) catheter with coiled omni-port end with hemispherical distal tip; group C, 19-gauge catheter with single end-hole in conducting tip; group D, 19-gauge catheter with closed conducting tip with four side-holes. Following laparotomy, a randomly assigned catheter tip was sutured to the parietal peritoneal wall with the tip extending between experimental injuries created on the abdominal wall and cecum. After 7 days in situ, the catheter tips were removed from the adhesion mass using a force gauge, and the grams of force needed for removal were recorded. Results: The mean force standard deviation values were 1.09 +/- 1.21 g for group A, 21.20 +/- 30.15 g for group B, 0.88 +/- 1.47 g for group C and 1.60 +/- 2.50 g for group D. The variation of each catheter group mean force compared with that of group B was significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in adhesion force between groups A, C and D. Conclusions: These results suggest that the manufactured design of a CPNB catheter tip can contribute to the adhesion of the tip in an intense inflammatory environment. This finding may have important clinical implications for CPNB catheters left in place for extended periods of time. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Anesthesia & Operat Serv, Army Reg Anesthesia & Pain Management Initiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Buckenmaier, CC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Anesthesia & Operat Serv, Army Reg Anesthesia & Pain Management Initiat, Bldg 2,Ward 44,Room 4418, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM chester.buckenmaier@na.amedd.army.mil NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0001-5172 J9 ACTA ANAESTH SCAND JI Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 50 IS 6 BP 694 EP 698 DI 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01051.x PG 5 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 064AE UT WOS:000239060800009 PM 16987364 ER PT J AU Busby, RR Gebhart, DL Torbert, HA AF Busby, Ryan R. Gebhart, Dick L. Torbert, H. Allen TI Effects of an uncomposted municipal waste processing by-product on prairie grass establishment SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RAPA VAR PERVIDIS; ANDROPOGON-GERARDII; PANICUM-VIRGATUM; COMPOST MATURITY; NEUBAUER POT; PHYTOTOXICITY; SWITCHGRASS; SUCCESSION; GROWTH AB A garbage processing technology has been developed that sterilizes and separates inorganic and organic components of municipal solid waste. A study was initiated to evaluate the uncomposted organic by-product of this process as a soil amendment for establishing native prairie grasses on disturbed Army training lands. The waste was incorporated into sandy soils at Fort Benning Military Reservation on two sites: a moderately degraded and a highly degraded soil. The waste material was applied at rates of 0, 17.9, 35.8, 71.6, and 143 Mg ha(-1) land seeded with native prairie grasses to assess its effects on vegetation for two growing seasons, with an additional unseeded control treatment for comparison to natural recovery. The addition of uncomposted waste increased percent composition and basal cover of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) at both sites and percent composition of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) at one site. Indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] was negatively affected by the addition of the waste material at both sites. Biomass in the 143 Mg ha(-1) treatment increased 4180% compared to the seeded control at the highly degraded site. Plant uptake of P and Na increased at both sites and an apparent Fe toxicity problem was alleviated at the highly disturbed site with increasing application rates. Because perennial grass establishment improved so dramatically with increasing application rates, land application of this uncomposted waste material could be considered a viable and beneficial alternative to current waste management practices for degraded Army lands. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Busby, RR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. EM ryan.r.busby@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 98 IS 4 BP 1073 EP 1080 DI 10.2134/agronj2006.0003 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 067FL UT WOS:000239287100026 ER PT J AU Herbinger, KH Gerhardt, M Piyasirisilp, S Mloka, D Arroyo, MA Hoffmann, O Maboko, L Birx, DL Mmbando, D McCutchan, FE Hoelscher, M AF Herbinger, Karl-Heinz Gerhardt, Martina Piyasirisilp, Sucheep Mloka, Doreen Arroyo, Miguel A. Hoffmann, Oliver Maboko, Leonard Birx, Deborah L. Mmbando, Donan McCutchan, Francine E. Hoelscher, Michael TI Frequency of HIV type 1 dual infection and HIV diversity: Analysis of low- and high-risk populations in Mbeya Region, Tanzania SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; FEMALE SEX WORKERS; SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE; BLOOD-DONORS; VIRAL LOAD; IN-DEPTH; GROUP-O; SUPERINFECTION; RECOMBINATION AB HIV-1 diversity, frequency of recombinants, and dual infection were determined in two populations with different HIV risk behavior. A high-risk cohort of 600 female bar workers and a normal-risk population of 1108 antenatal clinic attendees and blood donors were recruited. Behavioral data were assessed and blood for HIV-1 diagnosis and genotyping was sampled. HIV-1 subtypes were defined through the multiregion hybridization assay (MHA(acd)). HIV-1 prevalence differed significantly among the two populations. The prevalence was 67.8% in the population of bar workers and 17% in the normal-risk population (antenatal care attendees and blood donors). Within the normal-risk population the HIV-1 prevalence was lowest in the group of volunteer blood donors. The frequency of HIV-1 infection in women was 1.7 times higher than in men. The overall subtype distribution was A (8.5%), C (40.8%), D (3.8%), AC (25.4%), AD (5.4%), CD (8.8%), and ACD (7.3%). In the high-risk population there was a higher percentage of HIV-1 recombinant strains (54% vs. 40%, p < 0.05) and a higher frequency of dual infections (19% vs. 9%, p < 0.02) compared to the normal-risk population. High-risk populations may play an important role in the evolution of HIV, as they can provide an opportunity for the virus to coinfect, recombine, and adapt to the host-specific genetic background. C1 Univ Munich, Dept Infect Dis & Trop Med, D-80802 Munich, Germany. USMHRP, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Dar Es Salaam, Muhimbili Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. USMHRP, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. RP Hoelscher, M (reprint author), Univ Munich, Dept Infect Dis & Trop Med, Leopoldstr 5, D-80802 Munich, Germany. EM Hoelscher@lrz.uni-muenchen.de RI Hoelscher, Michael/D-3436-2012; OI Arroyo, Miguel/0000-0001-7416-8867 NR 54 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 22 IS 7 BP 599 EP 606 DI 10.1089/aid.2006.22.599 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 064FN UT WOS:000239074700001 PM 16831083 ER PT J AU Visawapoka, U Tovanabutra, S Currier, JR Cox, JH Mason, CJ Wasunna, M Ponglikitmongkol, M Dowling, WE Robb, ML Birx, DL McCutchan, FE AF Visawapoka, Unchalee Tovanabutra, Sodsai Currier, Jeffrey R. Cox, Josephine H. Mason, Carl J. Wasunna, Monique Ponglikitmongkol, Mathurose Dowling, William E. Robb, Merlin L. Birx, Deborah L. McCutchan, Francine E. TI Circulating and unique recombinant forms of HIV type 1 containing subsubtype A2 SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; SUBTYPE-A; GENETIC DIVERSITY; INTERSUBTYPE RECOMBINANTS; BC RECOMBINANT; SOUTH-AMERICA; WEST-AFRICA; KENYA; IDENTIFICATION; BREAKPOINTS AB HIV-1 strains containing subsubtype A2 are relatively rare in the pandemic but have been repeatedly identified in Kenya, where candidate vaccines based in part on subtype A, but not A2 strains, may be evaluated. Among the most recent is CRF16_A2D, a circulating recombinant form (CRF) whose prototypes are complete or partial HIV-1 sequences from Kenya, Korea, and Argentina. Using samples from blood bank discards in Kenya and complete genome sequencing, this report further documents CRF16_A2D and related recombinants and identifies a second CRF, CRF21_A2D. The two A2-containing CRFs, and two recombinants related to CRF16_A2D, share common structural elements but appear to have been independently derived. Concerted selection may have influenced the emergence and spread of certain A2-containing strains in Kenya. The second complete subtype C sequence from Kenya is also reported here. Monitoring of A2-containing recombinants and subtype C strains, both relatively rare in Kenya, may be informative in the course of cohort development and evaluation of candidate vaccines. C1 US Mil Acad, HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USA, Med Res Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biochem, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP McCutchan, FE (reprint author), US Mil Acad, HIV Res Program, 1600 E Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM fmccutchan@hivresearch.org OI MASON, CARL/0000-0002-3676-2811 NR 30 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 22 IS 7 BP 695 EP 702 DI 10.1089/aid.2006.22.695 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 064FN UT WOS:000239074700012 PM 16831094 ER PT J AU Mikita, JA Mikita, CP AF Mikita, Jeffrey A. Mikita, Cecilia P. TI Vocal cord dysfunction SO ALLERGY AND ASTHMA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL UTILIZATION; DIAGNOSIS; DYSPNEA; ASTHMA AB A case of vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is presented, followed by a discussion of the clinical characteristics, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of this disorder. Special emphasis is given to clinical pearls and pitfalls for the practicing allergist. VCD is a common condition that mimics asthma. Dyspnea, cough, and chest tightness are frequent manifestations of the disease. A high degree of clinical suspicion is required to recognize VCD and diagnosis is made most confidently by laryngoscopy. The mainstay of treatment for VCD is reassurance, speech therapy, and treatment of associated comorbidities including gastroesophageal reflux disease, postnasal drip syndrome, and psychiatric conditions. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, PCCMS, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Mikita, JA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, PCCMS, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM jeffrey.a.mikita@us.army.mil NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU OCEAN SIDE PUBLICATIONS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA 95 PITMAN ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02906 USA SN 1088-5412 J9 ALLERGY ASTHMA PROC JI Allergy Asthma Proc. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 27 IS 4 BP 411 EP 414 DI 10.2500/aap.2006.27.2871 PG 4 WC Allergy SC Allergy GA 077OY UT WOS:000240040700020 PM 16948360 ER PT J AU Junnila, JL Cartwright, VW AF Junnila, Jennifer L. Cartwright, Victoria W. TI Chronic musculoskeletal pain in children: Part I. Initial evaluation SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; CITRULLINATED PEPTIDE ANTIBODIES; SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; FOLLOW-UP; IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; GROWING PAINS; DIAGNOSIS; MANIFESTATIONS; LEUKEMIA AB Musculoskeletal pain can be difficult for children to characterize. Primary care physicians must determine whether the pain may be caused by a systemic disease. Change in activity, constitutional symptoms such as fevers and fatigue, or abnormal examination findings without obvious etiology should raise suspicion for rheumatic disease. A complete physical examination should be performed to look for extra-articular signs of rheumatic disease, focusing on but not limited to the affected areas. A logical and consistent approach to diagnosis is recommended, with judicious use of laboratory and radiologic testing. Complete blood count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate measurement are useful if rheumatic disease is suspected. Other rheumatologic tests (e.g., antinuclear antibody) have a low pretest probability in the primary care setting and must be interpreted cautiously. Plain radiography can exclude fractures or malignancy; computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are more sensitive in detecting joint inflammation. Family physicians should refer children to a subspecialist when the diagnosis is in question or subspecialty treatment is required. Part II of this series discusses rheumatic diseases that present primarily with musculoskeletal pain in children, including juvenile arthritis, the spondyloarthropathies, acute rheumatic fever, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, and systemic lupus erythematosus. C1 USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Interserv Phys Assistant Program, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Junnila, JL (reprint author), USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Interserv Phys Assistant Program, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Jennifer.Junnila@us.army.mil RI Duncan, Kirsty/H-1911-2011 NR 44 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 BP 115 EP 122 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 061UG UT WOS:000238897700010 PM 16848385 ER PT J AU Aldis, JW Kortepeter, MG Rusnak, JM AF Aldis, John W. Kortepeter, Mark G. Rusnak, Janice M. TI Reaction after smallpox vaccination SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Aldis, JW (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 74 IS 1 BP 145 EP 147 PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 061UG UT WOS:000238897700014 PM 16848388 ER PT J AU Kiang, JG Bowman, PD Lu, XY Li, YS Ding, XZ Zhao, BT Juang, YT Atkins, JL Tsokos, GC AF Kiang, JG Bowman, PD Lu, XY Li, YS Ding, XZ Zhao, BT Juang, YT Atkins, JL Tsokos, GC TI Geldanamycin prevents hemorrhage-induced ATP loss by overexpressing inducible HSP70 and activating pyruvate dehydrogenase SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat shock protein 70; intestine ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; ADENOSINE-TRIPHOSPHATE; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; INDUCED INCREASES; A-431 CELLS; SHOCK; EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS; RESUSCITATION; METABOLISM AB Hemorrhage in mice results in decreased ATP levels in the jejunum, lung, kidney, heart, and brain but not in liver tissue lysates, albeit at variable levels and time kinetics. The decreased protein expression and activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase ( PDH) accounted for the hemorrhage-induced ATP loss. Treatment with geldanamycin (GA; 1 mu g/g body wt), a known inducer of heat shock protein (HSP)70, inhibited the hemorrhage-induced ATP loss in the jejunum, lung, heart, kidney, and brain. GA was found to increase PDH protein, preserve PDH enzymatic activity, and inhibit mucosal injury in jejunum tissues. GA-induced HSP70i was found to form complexes with PDH protein. HSP70 gene transfer into intestinal epithelial cells promoted PDH and ATP levels, whereas HSP70 short interfering RNA limited them. We conclude that agents able to increase the expression of HSP70 and PDH may be of value in reducing pathology resulting from hemorrhage-associated ATP loss. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Bethesda, MD USA. United State Army Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Kiang, JG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Rm 1N07, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Juliann.Kiang@na.amedd.army.mil RI Atkins, James/B-3577-2011 NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 291 IS 1 BP G117 EP G127 DI 10.1152/ajpgi.00397.2005 PG 11 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA 053EJ UT WOS:000238287600015 PM 16565416 ER PT J AU Bird, DN Sato, AK Knee, DS Uyehara, CFT Person, DA Claybaugh, JR AF Bird, DN Sato, AK Knee, DS Uyehara, CFT Person, DA Claybaugh, JR TI Effects of prenatal ethanol exposure and sex on the arginine vasopressin response to hemorrhage in the rat SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fetal alcohol syndrome; vasopressin mRNA; neurohypophysis; hypothalamus; blood pressure ID SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS; ALCOHOL EXPOSURE; RENAL-FUNCTION; PITUITARY; CORTICOSTERONE; HOMEOSTASIS; PREGNANCY AB AVP synthesis, storage, and osmotically stimulated release are reduced in young adult rats exposed prenatally to ethanol (PE). Whether the reduced release of AVP to the osmotic stimulus is due to impairment of the vasopressin system or specifically to an osmoreceptor-mediated release is not known. The present experiments were done, therefore, to determine whether a hemorrhage-induced AVP response would also be diminished in PE-exposed rats. Pregnant rats were fed either a control liquid diet [no prenatal ethanol (NPE)] or a liquid diet with 35% of the calories from ethanol from days 7-21 of pregnancy. Offspring were weaned at 3 wk of life. At 11 wk of age, femoral arterial catheters were surgically placed, and blood volumes were determined at 12 wk. Three days later, two hemorrhages of 10% of the blood volume were performed with samples taken before and 10 min after the hemorrhages. After a 20% blood loss, plasma AVP was 19% higher in NPE rats than in the PE rats despite no differences in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). Also, hypothalamic AVP mRNA and pituitary AVP content were reduced in PE rats. Furthermore, confirming an earlier report of sex differences in AVP release, the hemorrhage-induced hormone response was twofold greater in female rats than male rats, regardless of previous ethanol exposure. These studies demonstrate that the AVP response to hemorrhage is reduced in PE rats independently of differences in MABP. The data are compatible with a theory of a reduced number of hemorrhage-responsive vasopressinergic neurons capable of stimulated AVP release in PE rats. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, MCHK CI, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Claybaugh, JR (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, MCHK CI, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM john.claybaugh@amedd.army.mil FU NCRR NIH HHS [U54 RR014607-05, P20 RR11091, P20 RR011091-11, P20 RR011091] NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 291 IS 1 BP R77 EP R82 DI 10.1152/ajpregu.00740.2005 PG 6 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 050XA UT WOS:000238121800009 PM 16469837 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, CJ Bolanowski, A Patel, K Perdue, P Carter, W Lukish, JR AF Rodriguez, CJ Bolanowski, A Patel, K Perdue, P Carter, W Lukish, JR TI Classical positioning decreases the cross-sectional area of the subclavian vein SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Article DE central venous catheter; vein size; patient position; ultrasonography ID VENOUS CATHETERIZATION AB Background: The classic position for subclavian venipuncture is the Trendelenberg position, with the head turned away and placement of a shoulder roll (SR). The purpose of this study was to determine whether this position results in the largest cross-sectional area (CSA) of the subclavian vein (SV). Methods: Adult volunteers underwent ultrasound imaging of the right SV in supine and Trendelenberg positioning in the following four head and shoulder positions: head neutral with the chin midline (NL), head turned away (TA), head neutral with an SR, and head TA with an SR (TA/SR). The mean CSA of the SV in each position was calculated. Statistical significance was determined using Student's t, Wilcoxon signed rank, and Bonferroni test. Results: Eighteen adults participated in the study. Trendelenberg positioning significantly increased the CSA of the SV in all positions except NL compared to supine positioning (P < .03). An SR significantly decreased SV CSA in all positions. The largest SV CSA was obtained in the TA/Trendelenberg position (1.41 +/- .06 cm(2)). The classic positioning for subclavian cannulation, TA/SR/Trendelenberg, resulted in a significantly smaller CSA than TA/Trendelenberg position (1.27 +/- .06 cm(2), 15% reduction, P < .01). Conclusions: The classic recommended maneuvers of turning the head and placing an SR significantly reduce the CSA of the SV. Positioning patients in Trendelenberg with the head turned away without an SR optimizes SV size. Positioning patients in this manner may serve to reduce the morbidity associated with percutaneous access of the SV. (c) 2006 Excerpta Medica Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Childens Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Lukish, JR (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. EM jrlukish@bethesda.med.navy.mil NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9610 J9 AM J SURG JI Am. J. Surg. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 192 IS 1 BP 135 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.09.005 PG 3 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 056UB UT WOS:000238549500026 PM 16769291 ER PT J AU Carbognin, SJ Solomon, NM Yeo, FE Swanson, SJ Bohen, EM Koff, JM Sabnis, SG Abbott, KC AF Carbognin, SJ Solomon, NM Yeo, FE Swanson, SJ Bohen, EM Koff, JM Sabnis, SG Abbott, KC TI Acute renal allograft rejection following pegylated IFN-alpha treatment for chronic HCV in a repeat allograft recipient on hemodialysis: A case report SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE allograft rejection; graft failure; hepatitis C; peg-interferon ID CHRONIC HEPATITIS-C; RECOMBINANT INTERFERON-ALPHA; DIALYSIS PATIENTS; KIDNEY-TRANSPLANTATION; VIRUS-INFECTION; THERAPY; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; MONOTHERAPY; CLEARANCE; EFFICACY AB Interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) can be effective therapy for patients with chronic kidney disease who have chronic hepatitis C (HCV). However, acute allograft rejection has been reported in association with IFN-alpha following kidney transplantation, and therefore IFN therapy is recommended prior to, rather than after, kidney transplantation whenever feasible. The special case of repeat allograft recipients who contract HCV after the first transplantation presents special difficulties. This report features the case of a repeat allograft recipient who presented with neutropenic fevers after 5 months of pegylated IFN-alpha therapy, initiated 6 months following the functional loss of his third graft and the reinitiation of hemodialysis (HD). Physical exam, radiographic and laboratory findings led to allograft nephrectomy. The pathologic findings supported a diagnosis of acute-on-chronic rejection. This represents a rare case of IFN-alpha induced rejection following allograft failure and return to HD in a repeat allograft recipient. It also calls attention to the need for a high index of suspicion for the development of allograft rejection, which may require allograft nephrectomy even after allograft 'failure'. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Serv Nephrol, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Organ Transplant Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gastroenterol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pathol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM kevin.abbott@na.amedd.army.mil OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 6 IS 7 BP 1746 EP 1751 DI 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01374.x PG 6 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 055QM UT WOS:000238465400037 PM 16827881 ER PT J AU Happi, CT Gbotosho, GO Folarin, OA Bolaji, OM Sowunmi, A Kyle, DE Milhous, W Wirth, DF Oduola, AMJ AF Happi, C. T. Gbotosho, G. O. Folarin, O. A. Bolaji, O. M. Sowunmi, A. Kyle, D. E. Milhous, W. Wirth, D. F. Oduola, A. M. J. TI Association between mutations in Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter and P-falciparum multidrug resistance 1 genes and in vivo amodiaquine resistance in P-falciparum malaria-infected children in Nigeria SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POINT MUTATIONS; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; CLINICAL-RESPONSE; PFMDR-1 GENES; PFCRT; POLYMORPHISMS; PARASITES; EFFICACY AB This study investigated the association between Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) T76 and P. falciparum multidrug resistance gene 1 (pfmdr1) Y86 alleles and in vivo amodiaquine (AQ) resistance, as well as the clearance of parasites harboring these two alleles in children treated with AQ in southwest Nigeria. One hundred one children with acute uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria infections were treated with the standard dosage of AQ and followed-up for 28 days. Blood samples were collected on filter paper samples at enrollment and during follow-up for identification of parasite genotypes and pfcrt and pfmdr1 mutations using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism approaches. Parasitologic assessment of response to treatment showed that 87% and 1.3% (RI) of patients were cured and failed treatment, respectively. Although infections in patients were polyclonal (as determined by merozoite surface protein 2 genotyping), the presence of both mutants pfcrtT76 and pfmdr1Y86 alleles in parasites is associated with in vivo AQ resistance (odds ratio = 7.58, 95% confidence interval 1.58-36.25, P = 0.006) and is selected by the drug in children who failed AQ treatment. Treatment failure with the combination of mutant pfcrtT76 and pfmdr1 Y86 alleles as well as the ability of patients to clear these resistant parasites is dependent on age, suggesting a critical role of host immunity in clearing AQ-resistant P. falciparum. The combination of mutant pfcrtT76 and pfmdr1Y86 alleles may be useful markers for monitoring the development and spread of AQ resistance, when combining this drug with other antimalarials for treatment of malaria in Africa. C1 Univ Ibadan, Coll Med, IMRAT, Malaria Res Labs,Inst Adv Med Res & Training, Ibadan, Nigeria. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD USA. World Hlth Org, Special Program Res & Training Trop Dis, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Happi, CT (reprint author), Univ Ibadan, Coll Med, IMRAT, Malaria Res Labs,Inst Adv Med Res & Training, Ibadan, Nigeria. EM chappi@hsph.harvard.edu FU FIC NIH HHS [R03TW006298-01A1] NR 51 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 75 IS 1 BP 155 EP 161 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 061WA UT WOS:000238902600027 PM 16837724 ER PT J AU Stoute, JA Heppner, DG Mason, CJ Siangla, J Opollo, MO Kester, KE Vigneron, L Voss, G Walter, MJ Tornieporth, N Cohen, JD Ballou, WR AF Stoute, Jose A. Heppner, D. Gray, Jr. Mason, Carl J. Siangla, Joram Opollo, Malachi O. Kester, Kent E. Vigneron, Laurence Voss, Gerald Walter, Michael J. Tornieporth, Nadia Cohen, Joe D. Ballou, W. Ripley TI Phase 1 safety and immunogenicity trial of malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS02A in adults in a hyperendemic region of western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN VACCINE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; EFFICACY; INFECTION; CHILDREN; DISEASE; BURDEN; GAMBIA AB We conducted a phase 1 trial of candidate malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS02A in western Kenya to determine its safety and immunogenicity in healthy adults in an area hyperendemic for malaria. Twenty adults were enrolled and received RTS,S/AS02A (50 mu g of RTS,S in 0.5 mL of AS02A) by intramuscular injection on a 0-, 28-, and 178-day schedule. All 60 scheduled immunizations were given, and 18 of 20 volunteers completed the last study visit on day 210. The vaccine was safe and well-tolerated. There were no vaccine-related severe adverse events. The most common solicited adverse events associated with immunization were injection site pain and headache. The geometric mean concentration of antibodies to circumsporozoite protein was 1.9 mu g/mL at baseline and it increased 2-4 weeks after each dose to 16, 17.8, and 36.6 mu g/mL, respectively. These safety and immunogenicity data from adults in hyperendemic Kenya are comparable to data reported earlier from two trials in west African adults in hypo-endemic and meso-endemic areas of The Gambia. We conclude that in this small study, RTS,S/AS02A is safe and similarly immunogenic in malaria-exposed African adults of different ethnicity in different transmission settings. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. GlaxoSmithKlilne Biol, Kenya Med Res Inst, Rixensart, Belgium. USA, Med Res Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Heppner, DG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Malaria Vaccine Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM donald.heppner@na.amedd.army.mil RI Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011; OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802; MASON, CARL/0000-0002-3676-2811 NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 75 IS 1 BP 166 EP 170 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 061WA UT WOS:000238902600029 PM 16837726 ER PT J AU Lundy, JB Edwards, KD Parker, DM Rivera, DE AF Lundy, Jonathan B. Edwards, Kurt D. Parker, David M. Rivera, David E. TI Recurrent rectal diverticulitis SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Scientific Meeting of the Postgraduate-Course-Program Southeastern-Surgical-Congress CY FEB 18-21, 2006 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP SE Surg Congress, Postgrad Course Program AB Diverticular involvement of the colon is very common in the United States. Patients present with asymptomatic diverticuli and may have complications of these, spanning the spectrum of uncomplicated diverticulitis to an acute surgical abdominal as a result of feculent peritonitis. We discuss a patient requiring low anterior resection for intractable symptoms resulting from recurrent rectal diverticulitis as well as a review of the limited literature on the subject of diverticular disease of the rectum. C1 Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Serv, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. Augusta VA Med Ctr, Augusta, GA USA. RP Lundy, JB (reprint author), Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Serv, Bldg 300, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 72 IS 7 BP 633 EP 636 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 060LP UT WOS:000238804000019 PM 16875087 ER PT J AU Harmon, RS DeLucia, FC LaPointe, A Winkel, RJ Miziolek, AW AF Harmon, RS DeLucia, FC LaPointe, A Winkel, RJ Miziolek, AW TI LIBS for landmine detection and discrimination SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE broadband LIBS; landmine detection; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ID INDUCED PLASMA SPECTROSCOPY; IDENTIFICATION AB The concept of utilizing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology for landmine detection and discrimination has been evaluated using both laboratory LIBS and a prototype man-portable LIBS systems. LIBS spectra were collected for a suite of landmine casings, non-mine plastic materials, and 'clutter-type' objects likely to be present in the soil of a conflict area or a former conflict area. Landmine casings examined included a broad selection of anti-personnel and anti-tank mines from different countries of manufacture. Other materials analyzed included rocks and soil, metal objects, cellulose materials, and different types of plastics. Two 'blind' laboratory tests were conducted in which 100 broadband LIBS spectra were obtained for a mixed suite of landmine casings and clutter objects and compared with a previously-assembled spectral reference library. Using a linear correlation approach, 'mine/no mine' determinations were correctly made for more than 90% of the samples in both tests. A similar test using a prototype man-portable LIBS system yielded an analogous result, validating the concept of using LIBS for landmine detection and discrimination. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. CERDC Night Vis & Elect & Sensors Directorate, Countermine Div, Alexandria, VA 22060 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Harmon, RS (reprint author), USA, Res Off, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM Russell.Harmon@us.army.mil RI De Lucia, Frank/D-5630-2012 NR 10 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 17 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 385 IS 6 BP 1140 EP 1148 DI 10.1007/s00216-006-0513-3 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 059AY UT WOS:000238706900020 PM 16724215 ER PT J AU Edgerton, CC Heinlen, LD Roebuck, JD Rubertone, MV McClain, MT Harley, JB James, JA AF Edgerton, C. C. Heinlen, L. D. Roebuck, J. D. Rubertone, M. V. McClain, M. T. Harley, J. B. James, J. A. TI Clinical criteria of SLE are present prior to diagnosis and are associated with specific autoantibodies SO ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual European Congress of Rheumatology (EULAR 2006) CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. US Army Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Army Med Surveillance Activity, Washington, DC USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma Med Res Fdn, Oklahoma City, OK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0003-4967 J9 ANN RHEUM DIS JI Ann. Rheum. Dis. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 65 SU 2 BP 196 EP 196 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 209ET UT WOS:000249372500606 ER PT J AU Mulligan, CR Meram, AD Proctor, CD Wu, HY Zhu, KM Marrogi, AJ AF Mulligan, CR Meram, AD Proctor, CD Wu, HY Zhu, KM Marrogi, AJ TI Lung cancer staging: A case for a new T definition SO ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the Southern-Thoracic-Surgical-Association CY NOV 10-12, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP So Thorac Surg Assoc ID TUMOR SIZE; PROGNOSTIC VALUE; RESECTION; DIAMETER; LESS AB Background. The purpose of this study is to determine a more refined T definition for lung cancer staging on the basis of clinical outcomes. Methods. The Walter Reed Army Medical Center Tumor Registry and the Thoracic Surgery Tumor Clinic files were queried for lung cancers diagnosed from 1990 to 2000. Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival curves for tumor size were used to analyze the impact of size on survival and relative risk, and then used to redefine T. Using the new T definition, the cohort was restaged, and the two staging system survivals were compared using Cox regression analysis. Results. Tumor size was documented in 439 males and 226 females. Forty-two tumors were 1.0 cm or less, 133 were between 1.01 and 2.0 cm, 133 were between 2.01 and 3.0 cm, 91 were between 3.01 and 4.0, 96 were between 4.01 and 5.0, and 166 were greater than 5.0 cm. A survival advantage was noted for smaller lesions, with 5-year survivals of 48.6%, 45.9%, 26.6%, 27.0%, 14.4%, and 11.6%, respectively. Cox regression analysis revealed increased risk at 2.0 cm (hazards ratio, 2.014; 95% confidence interval, 1.24 to 3.26), 4.0 cm (hazards ratio, 2.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.53 to 4.09), and 5.0 cm (hazards ratio, 3.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.96 to 5.02). After redefining T, the new staging system showed a better 5-year survival in each stage. Conclusions. Lung cancer tumor size criteria should be changed to include T1 tumors 2.0 cm and less; T2 tumors between 2.0 and 4.0 cm or pleural invasion of T1 tumor; T3 tumors greater than 4.0 cm or pleural invasion of T2 tumors. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Cardiothorac Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Anat Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Area Lab Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, US Mil Canc Inst, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, IRC, CBCP,Lab Biomarkers & Carcinogenesis, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Mulligan, CR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Cardiothorac Surg, Rm 4655,Bldg 2,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM charles.mulligan@na.amedd.army.mil NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-4975 J9 ANN THORAC SURG JI Ann. Thorac. Surg. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 82 IS 1 BP 220 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.02.032 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA 056KL UT WOS:000238521600034 PM 16798218 ER PT J AU Herd, GP Tracy, T AF Herd, GP Tracy, T TI Democratic civil-military relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina - A new paradigm for protectorates? SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Bosnia; defense; reform; protectorate ID PEACE AB How might Bosnia-Herzegovina attempt to institute democratic civil control over its military? This article applies Cottey, Edmonds, and Forster's thesis of first- and second-generation civil-military relations to the protectorate of Bosnia-Herzegovina. It argues that in the case of Bosnia-Herzegovina, this agenda does not occur in a loosely overlapping fashion with the initiation of the first-generation agenda providing the basis upon which the second-generation agenda can be implemented. Rather, the reverse occurs: the second-generation, capacity-building agenda allows for the construction of state-level institutions in the defense and security sphere-not least a functioning ministry of defense-the hallmark of the first-generation macroinstitutional structural reform agenda. This approach may well prove to be appropriate for other protectorates, and it is of rising strategic significance in an age of preemptive action against failed and rogue states, regime change, and democratization. C1 Geneva Ctr Secur Policy, CH-1211 Geneva 1, Switzerland. USA Command & Gen Staff Coll Ft Leavenworth, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Herd, GP (reprint author), Geneva Ctr Secur Policy, 7Bis Ave Paix, CH-1211 Geneva 1, Switzerland. EM g.herd@gcsp.ch; tommy.tracy@us.army.mil NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 32 IS 4 BP 549 EP 565 DI 10.1177/0095327X05280307 PG 17 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 056AT UT WOS:000238493700004 ER PT J AU Westhuis, DJ Fafara, RJ Ouellette, P AF Westhuis, DJ Fafara, RJ Ouellette, P TI Does ethnicity affect the coping of military spouses? SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ethnicity; coping; military families; stress ID FAMILY; REUNION AB This article presents results of an exploratory study of how Army military spouses with children cope with everyday stresses varies based on ethnic background. The study used data from 4,464 respondents of the 2001 Survey of Army Families IV (SAF IV). SAF IV, fielded April through July 2001, was used to reduce the confounding associated with the Iraq war. The results of five-stepwise regressions indicated that there were four common predictors and four ethnically specific predictors of how spouses cope. It was also found that the major sample (Caucasian) was most reflective of the analysis of the total sample of 4,464. Two of the primary predictors of spouse coping were the Problems Experienced Scale and the spouses' ability to keep themselves well informed about the Army. Study findings suggest that while similarities in coping exist between ethnic groups, there are also important ethnic differences in coping relevant to family policy and practice. These differences warrant further study based on a larger sample of spouses. C1 USA, Community & Family Support Ctr, Alexandria, VA USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Sch Social Work, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Westhuis, DJ (reprint author), IUSSW, 902 W New York St, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM dwesthui@iupui.edu; Richard.Fafara@CFSC.Army.mil; poullet@iupui.edu NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 32 IS 4 BP 584 EP 603 DI 10.1177/0095327X06287050 PG 20 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 056AT UT WOS:000238493700006 ER PT J AU Kolditz, TA AF Kolditz, TA TI Research in In extremis settings - Expanding the critique of 'Why they fight' SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material DE military sociology; in extremis; cohesion; leadership; combat motivation ID MORTALITY SALIENCE AB Previous work by the author that was based on data collected in combat has been criticized, based on its ability to generalize to research done in routine, peaceful settings. The idea that behavioral and social scientists may test the robustness of their theories by studying the same phenomenon across in extremis settings is explored. Research involving human participants conducted in safe, peaceful settings will not necessarily generalize to combat; combat findings may differ from those developed elsewhere. The appropriate scientific approach is to replicate and extend, in the combat context, findings already well established in peacetime work. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Kolditz, TA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM thomas.kolditz@usma.edu NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 32 IS 4 BP 655 EP 658 DI 10.1177/0095327X05283853 PG 4 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 056AT UT WOS:000238493700012 ER PT J AU Wong, L AF Wong, L TI Combat motivation in today's soldiers - US Army War College Strategic Studies Institute SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material DE cohesion; ideology; combat motivation AB The MacCoun, Kier, and Belkin critique of Why They Fight: Combat Motivation in the Iraq War is based on the incorrect assumption that the outcome variable of the study is combat performance. Why They Fight seeks to investigate combat motivation-not battlefield performance. Why They Fight examines why soldiers continue in battle despite obvious risk to personal safety. Referencing a well-established body of literature and using a methodology appropriate for analyzing combat motivation, Why They Fight concludes that today's soldiers, just as those in the past, fight for each other. Why They Fight also reports, however, that today's soldiers are motivated in combat by notions of freedom and democracy. C1 USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. RP Wong, L (reprint author), USA, War Coll, 122 Forbes Ave, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. EM Leonard.Wong@carlisle.army.mil NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 32 IS 4 BP 659 EP 663 DI 10.1177/0095327X06287884 PG 5 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 056AT UT WOS:000238493700013 ER PT J AU Rider, MT AF Rider, MT TI A proper sense of honor: Service and sacrifice in George Washington's Army SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Rider, MT (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 32 IS 4 BP 676 EP 677 DI 10.1177/0095327X06288746 PG 2 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 056AT UT WOS:000238493700019 ER PT J AU Freedman, BA Potter, BK Dinauer, PA Giuliani, JR Kuklo, TR Murphy, KP AF Freedman, Brett A. Potter, Benjamin K. Dinauer, Philip A. Giuliani, Jeffrey R. Kuklo, Timothy R. Murphy, Kevin P. TI Prognostic value of magnetic resonance arthrography for Czerny stage II and III acetabular labral tears SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article DE acetabular; labral tear; hip arthroscopy; magnetic resonance arthrography; prognosis ID MR ARTHROGRAPHY; HIP ARTHROSCOPY; DIAGNOSIS; ANATOMY; LESION AB Purpose: To assess the intraobserver reliability and prognostic value of magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) on the basis of postoperative outcome measures following arthroscopic acetabular labral debridement (partial limbectomy). Methods: Between January 1999 and November 2000, 24 patients (13 females, 11 males) with an average age of 37.1 years (range, 21 to 56 years) underwent hip arthroscopy for the treatment of presumed acetabular labral tears. All patients underwent preoperative MRA and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); images were evaluated by a single musculoskeletal radiologist on 2 independent occasions. Hip arthroscopy was performed on all patients. Outcomes were assessed by means of the Modified Harris Hip Score (MHHS) and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaires, which were completed by patients an average of 24.1 months (range, 12 to 55 months) postoperatively. The accuracy of the initial read, as well as the prognostic value of the Czerny MRA classification system for stage II (intrasubstance tears) and stage III (complete avulsions) acetabular labral tears, was assessed. Results: Twenty-two of 23 tears (96%) were detected on the initial read. On the basis of intraoperative findings, 1 false-positive MRA, 1 false-negative MRA, and 1 incident of MRA overstaging were reported. On repeat interpretation, 23 of 23 (100%) tears were identified, and intraobserver reliability for recording the presence of a tear was excellent (kappa coefficient = 0.96). No difference was noted in outcomes between patients with or without arthroscopic evidence of chondromalacia (all P > .29), or between patients older or younger than 30 years (all P > .34). Likewise, no difference in outcome was seen between 15 patients with Czerny stage 11 tears revealed on MRA versus 9 patients with Czerny stage III tears (all P > .79). Conclusions: MRA is sensitive and accurate for the detection of acetabular labral tears, with excellent intraobserver reliability. Arthroscopic partial limbectomy is successful in two thirds of patients. Patients with Czemy stage II and III tears do not appear to have significantly different outcomes following arthroscopic labral debridement. Level of Evidence: Level IV, prognostic case series. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Freedman, BA (reprint author), 4930 Rosedale Ave,Apt 3, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM brettfreedman@yahoo.com OI Potter, MD, Benjamin K./0000-0002-8771-0317 NR 32 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD JUL PY 2006 VL 22 IS 7 BP 742 EP 747 DI 10.1016/j.arthro.2006.03.014 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 071UT UT WOS:000239630100008 PM 16843810 ER PT J AU Goedecke, GH Wilson, DK Ostashev, VE AF Goedecke, George H. Wilson, D. Keith Ostashev, Vladimir E. TI Quasi-wavelet models of turbulent temperature fluctuations SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE quasi-wavelet; temperature fluctuations; temperature spectra; turbulent spectra; von Karman spectrum ID ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; SCATTERING; SOUND AB Here, we contribute to the continuing development of the quasi-wavelet (QW) model of turbulence that is currently being used in simulations of sound propagation and scattering in the turbulent atmosphere. We show that a QW model of temperature fluctuations exists for any physically reasonable temperature spectrum of isotropic homogeneous turbulence, including the widely used von Karman spectrum. We derive a simple formula for the QW shape that reproduces a given spectrum exactly in the energy, transition, and inertial subranges. We also show that simple QW shapes can be normalized to yield an analytic expression for a temperature spectrum that is fairly close to any given spectrum. As an example, we match the Gaussian QW model to the von Karman spectrum as closely as possible, and find remarkably good agreement in all subranges including the dissipation subrange. We also derive formulae for the variance and kurtosis associated with the QW model, and show how the latter depends on the QW packing fraction and size distribution. We also illustrate how the visual appearance of several QW-simulated temperature fluctuation fields depends on the QW packing fraction, size distribution, and kurtosis. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Goedecke, GH (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM ggoedeck@nmsu.edu RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 120 IS 1 BP 1 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s10546-005-9037-1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 077GG UT WOS:000240016300001 ER PT J AU Hueman, MT Stojadinovic, A Storrer, CE Foley, RJ Gurney, JM Shriver, CD Ponniah, S Peoples, GE AF Hueman, Matthew T. Stojadinovic, Alexander Storrer, Catherine E. Foley, Rebecca J. Gurney, Jennifer M. Shriver, Craig D. Ponniah, Sathibalan Peoples, George E. TI Levels of circulating regulatory CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells are decreased in breast cancer patients after vaccination with a HER2/neu peptide (E75) and GM-CSF vaccine SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells; E75; HER2/neu; peptide vaccine; regulatory T cells ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; IN-VIVO EXPANSION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; TGF-BETA; CUTTING EDGE; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; INCREASED POPULATIONS; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES AB Purpose. We are conducting clinical trials in breast cancer (BrCa) patients to test the HER2/neu peptide vaccine (E75). We have investigated the impact of this vaccine on circulating levels of regulatory T cells (T-reg) and the resulting effects on antitumor responses. Experimental design. Twenty-two blood samples from healthy individuals and from 22 BrCa patients including pre- and post-vaccination samples from seven vaccinated HLA-A2(+) patients were stained for CD4, CD25, and CD69 as well as CD8 and E75: HLA-A2 Ig dimer and quantified by flow cytometry. Cytotoxic activity against HER2/neu(+) tumors was measured by Cr-51-release. Serum from BrCa patients and normal subjects were analyzed for TGF-beta levels. Results. BrCa patients have a greater percentage of circulating Treg (CD4(+) CD25(+), 4.45% versus 2.96%; p = 0.007) than normal subjects. HLA-A2(+) BrCa patients had more T-reg compared to the HLA-A2 BrCa patients (CD4(+) CD25(+), 5.63% versus 3.28%; p = 0.001). E75 vaccination increased circulating activated CD4+ T cells post-vaccination (CD4(+) CD69(+), 1.23 versus 3.81%; p = 0.03). However, Treg were significantly reduced after vaccination (CD4(+) CD25(+), 5.31-1.81%; p < 0.0001). Furthermore, activated Treg also decreased (CD4(+) CD25(+) CD69(+), 0.23% versus 0.08%; p = 0.06). Importantly, post-vaccination decreases in T-reg were temporally associated with increased E75 vaccine-specific CD8(+) T cells and corresponding HER2/neu(+) tumor cytotoxicity. SerumTGF-beta levels were significantly elevated in BrCa patients compared to normals (3548 pg/ml versus 1007 pg/ml; p = 0.007). Four of seven vaccinated patients showed decreased serum TGF-beta levels post-vaccination. Conclusions. Treg, are increased in BrCa patients along with serum levels of TGF-beta. E75 vaccination resulted in CD4(+) recruitment but was associated with a significant decrease in circulating Treg and TGF-beta levels in the majority of the vaccinated patients. Successful cancer vaccination strategies may require the alteration of complex immune interactions. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Clin Breast Care Project, Immunol & Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Clin Breast Care Project, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Peoples, GE (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Clin Breast Care Project, Immunol & Res Ctr, 4301 Jones Bridge,Bldg 139, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM george.peoples@na.amedd.army.mil NR 51 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 98 IS 1 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1007/s10549-005-9108-5 PG 13 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 063LZ UT WOS:000239021000003 PM 16758122 ER PT J AU Baillargeon, J Platz, EA Rose, DP Pollock, BH Ankerst, DP Haffner, S Higgins, B Lokshin, A Troyer, D Hernandez, J Lynch, S Leach, RJ Thompson, IM AF Baillargeon, Jacques Platz, Elizabeth A. Rose, David P. Pollock, Brad H. Ankerst, Donna Pauler Haffner, Steven Higgins, Betsy Lokshin, Anna Troyer, Dean Hernandez, Javier Lynch, Steve Leach, Robin J. Thompson, Ian M. TI Obesity, adipokines, and prostate cancer in a prospective population-based study SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID AUTOCRINE GROWTH-FACTOR; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; BODY-MASS INDEX; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; CELL-PROLIFERATION; SERUM ADIPONECTIN; UNITED-STATES; LEPTIN; INTERLEUKIN-6; RISK AB Background: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the association of obesity and the adipokines leptin, adiponectin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) with prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness. Methods: One hundred twenty-five incident prostate cancer cases and 125 age-matched controls were sampled from among participants in the original San Antonio Center for Biomarkers of Risk of Prostate Cancer cohort study. The odds ratios (OR) of prostate cancer and high-grade disease (Gleason sum > 7) associated with the WHO categories of body mass index (kg/m(2)) and with tertiles of serum concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, and IL-6 were estimated using multivariable conditional logistic regression models. Results: Body mass index was not associated with either incident prostate cancer [obese versus normal; OR, 0.75; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.38-1.48; P-trend = 0.271 or high-grade versus low-grade disease (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.39-3.52; P-trend = 0.62). Moreover, none of the three adipokines was statistically significant associated with prostate cancer risk or high-grade disease, respectively: leptin (highest versus lowest tertile; OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.28-1.37; P-trend = 0.57; OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.48-3.01; P-trend = 0.85); adiponectin (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.46-1.65; P-trend = 0.24; OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 0.745.10; P-trend = 0.85); IL-6 (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.46-1.53; P-trend 0.98; OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.30-2.33; P-trend = 0.17). Conclusions: Findings from this nested case-control study of men routinely screened for prostate cancer and who had a high prevalence of overweight and obesity do not provide evidence to support that prediagnostic obesity or factors elaborated by fat cells strongly influence prostate cancer risk or aggressiveness. However, due to the small sample population, a small or modest effect of obesity and adipokines on these outcomes cannot be excluded. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Munich, Inst Med Informat Biometry & Epidemiol, D-80539 Munich, Germany. Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Canc, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Baillargeon, J (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Dept Pediat, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. EM baillargeon@uthscsa.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [U01 CA86402] NR 46 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 15 IS 7 BP 1331 EP 1335 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0082 PG 5 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 061OB UT WOS:000238880800016 PM 16835332 ER PT J AU Kitchen, LW Vaughn, DW Skillman, DR AF Kitchen, LW Vaughn, DW Skillman, DR TI Role of US military research programs in the development of US Food and Drug Administration - Approved antimalarial drugs SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; PHARMACOKINETIC PROPERTIES; UNITED-STATES; IRIAN-JAYA; MALARIA; PROPHYLAXIS; AZITHROMYCIN; PRIMAQUINE; DOXYCYCLINE AB US military physicians and researchers helped identify the optimum treatment dose of the naturally occurring compound quinine and collaborated with the pharmaceutical industry in the development and eventual US Food and Drug Administration approval of the synthetic antimalarial drugs chloroquine, primaquine, chloroquine-primaquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, mefloquine, doxycycline, halofantrine, and atovaquone-proguanil. Because malaria parasites develop drug resistance, the US military must continue to support the creation and testing of new drugs to prevent and treat malaria until an effective malaria vaccine is developed. New antimalarial drugs also benefit civilians residing in and traveling to malarious areas. C1 USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Mil Infect Dis Res Program, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Med Res & Mat Command, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Kitchen, LW (reprint author), USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Mil Infect Dis Res Program, 504 Scott St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM lynn.kitchen@amedd.army.mil NR 32 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 67 EP 71 DI 10.1086/504873 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 049PY UT WOS:000238030000011 PM 16758420 ER PT J AU Stauffer, WM Magill, A Kain, KC AF Stauffer, WM Magill, A Kain, KC TI Parasitic central nervous system infections in immunocompromised hosts: Clarification of malaria diagnosis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID TRAVELERS C1 Univ Minnesota, Div Infect Dis & Int Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto Gen Hosp, McLaughlin Rotman Ctr, Hlth Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Stauffer, WM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Div Infect Dis & Int Med, 420 Delaware St SE,Mayo Bldg D-407,MMC 250, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM stauf005@umn.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 114 EP 115 DI 10.1086/504951 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 049PY UT WOS:000238030000024 PM 16758433 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Perkins, RM Bohen, EM AF Abbott, Kevin C. Perkins, Robert M. Bohen, Erin M. TI Use of recommended medications after myocardial infarction - Is kidney function really the problem? SO CLINICAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM kevin.abbott@na.amedd.army.mil OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY NEPHROLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1725 I ST, NW STE 510, WASHINGTON, DC 20006 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 CLIN J AM SOC NEPHRO JI Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 1 IS 4 BP 614 EP 615 DI 10.2215/CJN.01560506 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 108LQ UT WOS:000242241700003 PM 17699266 ER PT J AU Eiseman, AS AF Eiseman, Andrew S. TI The ocular manifestations of atopic dermatitis and rosacea SO CURRENT ALLERGY AND ASTHMA REPORTS LA English DT Review ID EYELID DERMATITIS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS AB Atopic dermatitis and rosacea are chronic diseases that have both dermatologic and ocular manifestations. The occurence of ocular disease is often proportionately higher than that of dermatologic disease. Even if the skin abnormalities appear well controlled, these patients require ophthalmic evaluation as well. Optimal management usually requires a team approach that includes internists, dermatologists, and ophthalmologists. Both disorders are characterized by acute exacerbations and require maintenance therapy for control. Exacerbations need aggressive treatment to limit ocular signs and symptoms and to reduce ocular inflammation that can lead to permanent visual loss. Topical corticosteroid use, although at times needed, should be minimized for both disorders. Future research will continue to emphasize the use of steroid-sparing and immune-modulating agents that have the potential to provide long-lasting anti-inflammatory control with a more favorable side-effect profile. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Eye Clin, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Eiseman, AS (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Eye Clin, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Andrew.Eiseman@na.amedd.army.mil NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CURRENT SCIENCE INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 400 MARKET STREET, STE 700, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1529-7322 J9 CURR ALLERGY ASTHM R JI Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 6 IS 4 BP 292 EP 298 DI 10.1007/s11882-006-0062-z PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 105BO UT WOS:000242004500005 PM 16822381 ER PT J AU Poli, MA AF Poli, M. A. TI Black biochemistry: Natural toxins and bioterrorism. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 410 EP 410 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900042 ER PT J AU Stuart, GR Copeland, WC Strand, MK AF Stuart, G. R. Copeland, W. C. Strand, M. K. TI Disruption of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial NADH kinase gene (POS5) results in down-regulation of the oxidative stress response and an anaerobic phenotype. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 444 EP 444 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900174 ER PT J AU Frattarelli, JL Gerber, MD AF Frattarelli, John L. Gerber, Maria D. TI Basal and cycle androgen levels correlate with in vitro fertilization stimulation parameters but do not predict pregnancy outcome SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article DE in vitro fertilization; testosterone; and rostenedione; dehydroepiandrosterone; sulfate; androgens; pregnancy rate; cancellation rate; clinical outcome; infertility ID CITRATE CHALLENGE TEST; GENERAL INFERTILITY POPULATION; REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY CYCLES; DAY 3 ESTRADIOL; OVARIAN RESERVE; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; PROGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT; OVULATION INDUCTION; HORMONE AGONIST; AGE AB Objective: To evaluate androgen levels before and during IVF. To assess for an association between androgen levels and IVF stimulation parameters or IVF pregnancy outcome. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Residency-based IVF program. Patient(s): One hundred seventeen infertility patients. Intervention(s): Androgen levels were evaluated on basal day 3 and during the IVF stimulation cycle. Main Outcome Measure(s): Mean serum androgen levels did not differ among different pregnancy outcomes. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that body mass index (BMI) and oocyte number had a significant positive association with basal testosterone levels. Mean ovarian volume correlated negatively and follicle number correlated positively with testosterone levels on day 6 of stimulation. Peak E-2 and BMI correlated positively with testosterone on day of hCG administration. The interval change in androgen levels throughout the IVF cycle was not associated with outcome rates. Likewise, threshold analysis did not reveal any significant androgen level that affected pregnancy outcome. Conclusion(s): Serum androgen levels during IVF correlate with IVF stimulation parameters. However, these data do not support an influence of serum androgen levels on IVF pregnancy outcome rates. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Frattarelli, JL (reprint author), Reprod Med Associates New Jersey, 100 Franklin Sq Dr,Suite 200, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. EM jfrattarelli@rmanj.com NR 27 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 86 IS 1 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.12.028 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 062YO UT WOS:000238983100008 PM 16716312 ER PT J AU Sjogren, MH AF Sjogren, Maria H. TI Management of hepatitis C SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CONSENSUS INTERFERON; PLUS RIBAVIRIN; RETREATMENT C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Sjogren, MH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD JUL PY 2006 VL 131 IS 1 BP 332 EP 332 DI 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.05.033 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 062YQ UT WOS:000238983300040 PM 16831622 ER PT J AU Jones, NL Clement, TP Hansen, CM AF Jones, Norman L. Clement, T. Prabhakar Hansen, Clarissa M. TI A three-dimensional analytical tool for modeling reactive transport SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID NATURAL ATTENUATION; SITE AB In this note, we present a public domain analytical reactive transport modeling tool (ART3D, version 2.0). The tool is developed in FORTRAN and can be used for solving a system of a set of partial differential equations coupled with a first-order reaction network. ART3D uses a novel analytic solution technique proposed by Clement. The new software includes options for performing Monte Carlo simulations and automated parameter estimation. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Environm Modeling Res Lab, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Jones, NL (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Environm Modeling Res Lab, 242C Clyde Bldg, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM njones@byu.edu; clement@auburn.edu; clarissa.m.hansen@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 44 IS 4 BP 613 EP 617 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00206.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 058HE UT WOS:000238655300021 PM 16857041 ER PT J AU Bidus, MA Webb, JC Seidman, JD Rose, GS Boice, CR Elkas, JC AF Bidus, MA Webb, JC Seidman, JD Rose, GS Boice, CR Elkas, JC TI Sustained response to bevacizumab in refractory well-differentiated ovarian neoplasms SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE micropapillary; low malignant potential; borderline; well-differentiated; serous; ovarian cancer; bevacizumab; VEGF ID UNIVERSAL GRADING SYSTEM; EPITHELIAL CARCINOMA; TUMORS; SURVIVAL; CANCER; VEGF AB Background. Bevacizumab has demonstrated activity against a variety of solid tumors, including ovarian carcinoma. However, there have not been reproducible prognostic features associated with its activity. Cases. One patient each with recurrent, refractory well-differentiated serous-endometrioid ovarian carcinoma, micropapillary serous carcinoma of the ovary, and primary peritoneal micropapillary serous carcinoma were treated with single agent bevacizumab (15 mg/m(2) intravenously every 3 weeks). All three have had dramatic sustained responses of 15, 15, and 22 months' duration. Conclusion. Bevacizumab may have significant activity against well-differentiated ovarian carcinoma and micropapillary serous carcinomas of the ovary or peritoneum. Since these tumors are generally indolent and not responsive to adjuvant therapy, further investigation is warranted. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Elkas, JC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM John.Elkas@na.amedd.army.mil NR 15 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 102 IS 1 BP 5 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.03.048 PG 3 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 056CU UT WOS:000238499500002 PM 16697451 ER PT J AU Petts, GE Nestler, J Kennedy, R AF Petts, GE Nestler, J Kennedy, R TI Advancing science for water resources management SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Living Rivers - Trends and Challenges in Science and Management held in Honour of Piet Nienhuis CY OCT 31, 2003 CL Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Nijmegen, NETHERLANDS HO Radboud Univ Nijmegen DE flow variability; integrated physical-biological models; long-term datasets; science-based management; water resources ID ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; RIVER RESTORATION; ECOSYSTEMS; VARIABILITY; HABITAT; MODEL; PERSPECTIVE; LANDSCAPES AB Despite the major advances in science to underpin water resources and river management that have taken place over the past two decades, a need remains to establish a unifying framework that will lead to new, appropriate tools for water resources management. In Europe, this need has been highlighted by the promotion of the Water Framework Directive. From a scientific perspective, key questions focus on the ecological significance of flow variability over a range of timescales and the linkage between flow variability, habitat variability and biological population responses, and the biological interactions among these populations. Creation of scientifically sound tools requires development of knowledge at the level of first principles to realize sustainable developments within the context of adaptive management. Similitude analyses provide a mechanism for upscaling from fine 'research' scales to the coarser scales of water resource managers. Lack of appropriate data is the major obstacle to the development of these tools, especially those concerned with large rivers. C1 Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, European Res Off, London, England. RP Petts, GE (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM g.e.petts@bham.ac.uk NR 58 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUL PY 2006 VL 565 BP 277 EP 288 DI 10.1007/s10750-005-1919-1 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 044KG UT WOS:000237670600019 ER PT J AU Ranney, KI Soumekh, M AF Ranney, Kenneth I. Soumekh, Mehrdad TI Hyperspectral anomaly detection within the signal subspace SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE anomaly detection; hyperspectral; signal subspace processing ID IMAGERY; SAR AB This letter describes the extension of signal subspace processing (SSP) to the arena of anomaly detection. In particular, we develop an SSP-based, local anomaly detector that exploits the rich information available in the multiple bands of a hyperspectral (HS) image. This SSP approach is based on signal processing considerations, and its entire formulation reduces to a straightforward (and intuitively pleasing) geometric and algebraic development. We extend the basic SSP concepts to the HS anomaly detection problem, develop an SSP HS anomaly detector, and evaluate this algorithm using multiple HS data files. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Ranney, KI (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM kenneth.ranney@us.army.mil; msoum@eng.buffalo.edu NR 13 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 3 IS 3 BP 312 EP 316 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2006.870833 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 066XA UT WOS:000239262600006 ER PT J AU Jacoby, GA Blair, ERS AF Jacoby, Grant A. Blair, Eon R. S. TI An undergraduate success story: A computer science and electrical engineering integrative experience SO IEEE PERVASIVE COMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Comp Sci Program, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1536-1268 J9 IEEE PERVAS COMPUT JI IEEE Pervasive Comput. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 5 IS 3 BP 11 EP 15 DI 10.1109/MPRV.2006.44 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 074UY UT WOS:000239838500003 ER PT J AU Maskery, SM Zhang, YH Jordan, RM Hu, H Hooke, JA Shriver, CD Liebman, MN AF Maskery, Susan M. Zhang, Yonghong Jordan, Rick M. Hu, Hai Hooke, Jeffrey A. Shriver, Craig D. Liebman, Michael N. TI Co-occurrence analysis for discovery of novel breast cancer pathology patterns SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BIOMEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems CY JUN 23-24, 2005 CL Dublin, IRELAND SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Computat Med, Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Comp Sci, Sci Fdn Ireland DE biomedical informatics; breast cancer; cooccurrence analysis; pathology ID EXPRESSION; RISK AB To discover novel patterns in pathology co-occurrence, we have developed algorithms to analyze and visualize pathology co-occurrence. With access to a database of pathology reports, collected under a single protocol and reviewed by a single pathologist, we can conduct an analysis greater in its scope than previous studies looking at breast pathology co-occurrence. Because this data set is unique, specialized methods for pathology co-occurrence analysis and visualization are developed. Primary analysis is through a co-occurrence score based on the Jaccard coefficient. Density maps are used to visualize global co-occurrence. When our co-occurrence analysis is applied to a population stratified by menopausal status, we can successfully identify statistically significant differences in pathology co-occurrence patterns between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Genomic and proteomic experiments are planned to discover biological mechanisms that may underpin differences seen in pathology patterns between populations. C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA 15905 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Maskery, SM (reprint author), Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA 15905 USA. EM s.maskery@wriwindber.org; y.zhang@wriwindber.org; r.jordan@wriwindber.org; Jeffrey.Hooke@na.amedd.army.mil; Craig.Shriver@na.amedd.army.mil; m.liebman@wriwindber.org NR 23 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1089-7771 J9 IEEE T INF TECHNOL B JI IEEE T. Inf. Technol. Biomed. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 10 IS 3 BP 497 EP 503 DI 10.1109/TITB.2005.863863 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medical Informatics GA 063PW UT WOS:000239033000010 PM 16871717 ER PT J AU Ruan, C Yang, S Clarke, GD Amurao, MR Partyka, SR Bradley, YC Cusi, K AF Ruan, Chun Yang, Scott Clarke, Geoffrey D. Amurao, Maxwell R. Partyka, Scott R. Bradley, Yong C. Cusi, Kenneth TI First-pass contrast-enhanced myocardial perfusion MRI using a maximum up-slope parametric map SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BIOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE magnetic resonance (MR) imaging; myocardial perfusion; parametric map; stress test ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; NONINVASIVE DETECTION; IMAGING PROTOCOL; FLOW RESERVE; INFARCTION; SPECT; HEART AB Magnetic resonance first-pass perfusion imaging offers a noninvasive method for the rapid, accurate, and reproducible assessment of cardiac function without ionizing radiation. Quantitative or semiquantitative analysis of changes in signal intensity (SI) over the whole image sequence yields a more efficient analysis than direct visual inspection. In this paper, a method to generate maximum up-slope myocardial perfusion maps is presented. The maximum up-slope is defined by comparison of the SI variations using frame-to-frame analysis. A map of first-pass transit of the contrast agent is constructed pixel by pixel using a linear curve fitting model. The proposed method was evaluated using data from eight subjects. The data from the parametric maps agreed well with those obtained from traditional, manually derived region-of-interest methods as shown through ANOVA. The straightforward implementation and increase in image analysis efficiency resulting from this method suggests that it may be useful for clinical practice. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. S Texas Radiol Grp, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Ruan, C (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Radiol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM ruan@uthscsa.edu; shyanghi@gmail.com; clarkeg@uthscsa.edu; Amurao@uthscsa.edu; Scott_partyka_md@yahoo.com; yong.bradley@us.army.mil; cusi@uthscsa.edu RI Clarke, Geoffrey/F-5302-2010 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1089-7771 J9 IEEE T INF TECHNOL B JI IEEE T. Inf. Technol. Biomed. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 10 IS 3 BP 574 EP 580 DI 10.1109/TITB.2006.872058 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medical Informatics GA 063PW UT WOS:000239033000020 PM 16871727 ER PT J AU Kanjilal, PP Gonzalez, RR Moran, DS AF Kanjilal, PP Gonzalez, RR Moran, DS TI Weighted singular value distribution of RRI series applied to the characterization of heat intolerance in humans SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS LA English DT Article DE heart rate variability; heat intolerance; heatstroke; hyperthermia; nonlinear analysis; singular value decomposition ID TIME-SERIES; RATE-VARIABILITY; SURROGATE DATA; EXERCISE; STROKE; NONLINEARITY; HEATSTROKE; DYNAMICS; SPECTRUM; ILLNESS AB A nonlinear scheme was used for the analysis of variability in the heart beat interval [R-R interval (RRI)] data to differentiate heat-intolerant humans from the heat tolerant. All subjects studied had previously suffered exertional heatstroke. Core temperature (T-re) and electrocardiogram data from 11 heat-tolerant (HT) and 6 heat-intolerant (HIT) males were studied, the grouping being based on the distinguishing rate of rise in T-re versus time up to 39 degrees C during submaximal exercise. The RRI data were subjected to wavelet transformation and the transformed data were utilized to generate weighted singular value (WSV) distribution profiles. The normalized WSV profiles merged together for the HT subjects, but remained widely dispersed for the HIT subjects. From WSV profiles of five HT subjects a standard WSV template (w(t)) was constructed and with respect to wt the cumulative square error (epsilon) for individual WSV profiles for a cohort,of six (additional) HT and six HIT subjects was analyzed. In terms of e, HT and HIT groups could be differentiated with the sensitivity and the specificity exceeding 83%. The strength of the WSV profiles in characterizing processes is also demonstrated using synthetic data. C1 Charles River Anal, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Heller Inst Med Res, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. RP Kanjilal, PP (reprint author), Charles River Anal, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM parthakanjilal@yahoo.com NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1083-4427 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Paart A-Syst. Hum. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 IS 4 BP 621 EP 630 DI 10.1109/TSMCA.2005.851295 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 053RD UT WOS:000238321700001 ER PT J AU Quinn, MJ Summitt, CL Ottinger, MA AF Quinn, Michael J., Jr. Summitt, Cassie Lynn Ottinger, Mary Ann TI Effects of androgen disruption by DDE on the development and functioning of the immune system in Japanese quail SO IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antiandrogen; bursa of Fabricius; DDE; endocrine disrupting chemicals; immune function ID DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; CROWNED NIGHT-HERONS; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SURGICAL BURSECTOMY; BROILER CHICKS; CASPIAN TERNS; GREAT-LAKES; TESTOSTERONE; GROWTH AB We hypothesized that immunosuppression in birds that is caused by exposure to antiandrogenic chemicals occurs mainly through disruption of the development of the androgen-sensitive avian lymphoid organ, the bursa of Fabricius. Injections of 20.0 or 40.0 mu g of p,p'-DDE [ethylene, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)], an antiandrogen, were administered at embryonic day 1. Bursas from only chicks treated with DDE were larger than, had fewer follicles, and exhibited vacuolization within follicles compared with controls; spleens were unaffected. No differences in either immune response test were observed. This study demonstrates that the bursa may play a role in androgen-active endocrine disrupting chemical-induced immunosuppression. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Quinn, MJ (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM michael.james.quinn@us.army.mil NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-3973 J9 IMMUNOPHARM IMMUNOT JI Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 28 IS 3 BP 535 EP 544 DI 10.1080/08923970600927850 PG 10 WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 086XM UT WOS:000240706400013 PM 16997800 ER PT J AU Griffith, ME Ceremuga, JM Ellis, MW Guymon, CH Hospenthal, DR Murray, CK AF Griffith, Matthew E. Ceremuga, Julia M. Ellis, Michael W. Guymon, Charles H. Hospenthal, Duane R. Murray, Clinton K. TI Acinetobacter skin colonization of US army soldiers SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 06-09, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer AB OBJECTIVE. To evaluate whether skin colonization with Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex exists in a population of healthy, nondeployed US Army soldiers and, if present, how it might relate to the infections seen in current war casualties. DESIGN. We sampled various skin sites of soldiers to test for the presence of A. calcoaceticus-baumannii complex and to establish the prevalence of colonization. We then used ribotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles to compare the isolates we recovered with A. calcoaceticus-baumannii complex isolates from injured soldiers. SETTING. Fort Sam Houston, Texas. PARTICIPANTS. A population of healthy, nondeployed US Army soldiers in training. RESULTS. A total of 17% of healthy soldiers were found to harbor A. calcoaceticus-baumannii complex. However, the strains differed from those recovered from injured soldiers. CONCLUSIONS. Skin carriage of A. calcoaceticus-baumannii complex exists among soldiers before deployment. However, the difference in the strains isolated from healthy soldiers, compared with the strains from injured soldiers, makes it difficult to identify skin colonization as the source of infection. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Griffith, ME (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM matthew.griffith@amedd.army.mil NR 5 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 27 IS 7 BP 659 EP 661 DI 10.1086/506596 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205AC UT WOS:000249084100004 PM 16807838 ER PT J AU Griffith, ME Ellis, MW Murray, CK AF Griffith, Matthew E. Ellis, Michael W. Murray, Clinton K. TI Acinetobacter nares colonization of healthy US soldiers SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID HUMAN SKIN C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, MCHE MDI, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Griffith, ME (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, MCHE MDI, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM matthew.griffith@amedd.army.mil NR 4 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 27 IS 7 BP 787 EP 788 DI 10.1086/505923 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205AC UT WOS:000249084100029 PM 16807863 ER PT J AU Barnthouse, L Harman, C Landis, W Tannenbaum, L AF Barnthouse, Lawrence Harman, Charles Landis, Wayne Tannenbaum, Lawrence TI Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management's Commitment to Scientific Discourse SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Barnthouse, Lawrence] LWB Environm Serv, Hamilton, OH USA. [Harman, Charles] AMEC, Somerset, NJ USA. [Landis, Wayne] Western Washington Univ, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Tannenbaum, Lawrence] US Army, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Barnthouse, L (reprint author), LWB Environm Serv, Hamilton, OH USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 2 IS 3 BP 201 EP 201 DI 10.1002/ieam.5630020301 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WV UT WOS:000209712400002 ER PT J AU Sangiray, H Nguyen, JC Turiansky, GW Norwood, C AF Sangiray, H Nguyen, JC Turiansky, GW Norwood, C TI Pyoderma gangrenosum occurring near an arteriovenous dialysis shunt SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is an uncommon cutaneous disease of unknown etiology. In 50 percent of affected patients, PG is associated with systemic disease including inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, and hematologic malignancies.(1) Diagnosis of PG is based on clinical presentation, histopathology and on the exclusion of other diseases that can produce clinically similar lesions, e.g. infection, vasculitis, malignancy, collagen vascular diseases, diabetes, and trauma. Four variants of PG have been described: ulcerative, pustular, bullous, and vegetative.(2) We report a woman with renal failure who developed PG in the absence of any obvious triggering trauma in a distinctive unilateral crop just distal to an arteriovenous dialysis shunt. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Norwood, C (reprint author), USN Dept, NNM, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM cnorwood@growehill.com NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-9059 J9 INT J DERMATOL JI Int. J. Dermatol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 45 IS 7 BP 851 EP 853 DI 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2006.02484.x PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 059RF UT WOS:000238749200013 PM 16863525 ER PT J AU Killgore, WDS Yurgelun-Todd, DA AF Killgore, WDS Yurgelun-Todd, DA TI Affect modulates appetite-related brain activity to images of food SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE functional magnetic resonance imaging; neuroimaging; food; eating; orbitofrontal cortex; anterior cingulate gyrus; insula; positive affect; negative affect; Positive and Negative Affect Schedule ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; HUMAN ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX; DIETARY RESTRAINT; NEURAL RESPONSES; EATING BEHAVIOR; MOOD; HUMANS; HUNGER; OBESE; SATIATION AB Objective: We examined whether affect ratings predicted regional cerebral responses to high and low-calorie foods. Method: Thirteen normal-weight adult women viewed photographs of high and low-calorie foods while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Regression analysis was used to predict regional activation from positive and negative affect scores. Results: Positive and negative affect had different effects on several important appetite-related regions depending on the calorie content of the food images. When viewing high-calorie foods, positive affect was associated with increased activity in satiety-related regions of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, but when viewing lowcalorie foods, positive affect was associated with increased activity in hunger-related regions including the medial orbitofrontal and insular cortex. The opposite pattern of activity was observed for negative affect. Conclusion: These findings suggest a neurobiologic substrate that may be involved in the commonly reported increase in cravings for calorie-dense foods during heightened negative emotions. (c) 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Dept Behav Biol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. McLean Hosp, Cognit Neuroimaging Lab, Belmont, MA 02178 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Belmont, MA 02178 USA. RP Killgore, WDS (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Dept Behav Biol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM william.killgore@na.amedd.army.mil OI Killgore, William/0000-0002-5328-0208 NR 58 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0276-3478 J9 INT J EAT DISORDER JI Int. J. Eating Disord. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 39 IS 5 BP 357 EP 363 DI 10.1002/eat.20240 PG 7 WC Psychology, Clinical; Nutrition & Dietetics; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Psychiatry GA 053ZB UT WOS:000238343800001 PM 16565998 ER PT J AU Seidman, JD Kumar, D Cosin, JA Winter, WE Cargill, C Boice, CR AF Seidman, Jeffrey D. Kumar, Dhruv Cosin, Jonathan A. Winter, William E., III Cargill, Carla Boice, Charles R. TI Carcinomas of the female genital tract occurring after pelvic irradiation: A report of 15 cases SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE radiation therapy; postradiation malignancy; cervical carcinoma ID 2ND PRIMARY CANCERS; BREAST-CARCINOMA; RADIATION-THERAPY; HODGKINS-DISEASE; LUNG-CARCINOMA; POSTIRRADIATION SARCOMAS; RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGISTS; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; CERVICAL-CANCER; RECTAL-CANCER AB The concept of postradiation sarcoma is widely appreciated, however carcinomas arising in previously irradiated fields, the putative "postradiation carcinoma," are less well understood. Fifteen patients who developed gynecological malignancies after pelvic radiation therapy were studied. Five of these patients had HPV-related tumors both pre- and post- irradiation. Ten were irradiated for cervical cancer, one for endometrial carcinoma, one for vulvar carcinoma, one for colon cancer and 2 for benign conditions. The mean and median latent periods from the initiation of radiation therapy to the development of the second malignancy were 22.8 and 19 years, respectively (22.4 and 19.5 years, respectively, for non-HPV-related cancers; 24 and 18 years for HPV-related cancers). The "postradiation" malignancies included 2 ovarian carcinomas, 5 vaginal carcinomas (3 invasive, 2 in situ), 4 endometrial carcinomas, one cervical carcinoma, one vulvar carcinoma, one distal urethral carcinoma, and one pelvic carcinoma of unclear primary site. Gynecological carcinomas may occur many years after pelvic irradiation. Although the evidence for a causative role is circumstantial, these tumors appear to have a similar latent period as postradiation sarcomas. C1 Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Seidman, JD (reprint author), Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Pathol, 110 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA. EM Jeffrey.D.Seidman@medstar.net NR 45 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-1691 J9 INT J GYNECOL PATHOL JI Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 293 EP 297 DI 10.1097/01.pgp.0000189240.03780.bI PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pathology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pathology GA 061JV UT WOS:000238869100015 PM 16810069 ER PT J AU Isserman, AM Westervelt, J AF Isserman, AM Westervelt, J TI 1.5 million missing numbers: Overcoming employment suppression in County Business Patterns data SO INTERNATIONAL REGIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW LA English DT Article DE employment data; county data; data confidentiality; suppression; estimation; regional analysis ID ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT; REGIONS; DYNAMICS; LOCATION; IMPACTS; INDUSTRIES; AMERICA; CITIES AB Missing data frustrate research and limit our understanding of regional economies. County Business Patterns annually provides employment data for all US. counties and states at the most detailed industrial level, but two out of every three employment stattistics are missing. In rural areas, this percentage is higher still. To protect the rights of employers to confidentiality. the US. Census Bureau has not disclosed the number of employees in 1.5 million cases in the 2002 data. Instead, it offers a suppression flag that represents an employment range. This article presents a two-stage method for replacing all the flags with employment estimates. Taking advantage of the hierarchical nature of the data both by industry and geography, the first stage identifies the smallest possible range for each suppressed number Ensuring that employment adds up correctly up and down the industrial and geographical hierarchies, the second stage iteratively adjusts all the estimates until millions of constraints are met. The procedure simultaneously considers all industries in all counties, states, and the nation to produce a complete data set, which is available to the research community, on the Internet. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Consumer Econ, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Urban & Reg Planning, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Champaign, IL USA. RP Isserman, AM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Consumer Econ, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM isserman@uiuc.edu; james.d.westervelt@ERDC.usace.army.mil NR 44 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0160-0176 J9 INT REGIONAL SCI REV JI Int. Reg. Sci. Rev. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 29 IS 3 BP 311 EP 335 DI 10.1177/0160017606290359 PG 25 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Urban Studies GA 056QQ UT WOS:000238540600007 ER PT J AU Berke, EM Ackermann, RT Lin, EH Diehr, PH Maclejewski, ML Williams, B Patrick, MB LoGerto, JP AF Berke, Ethan M. Ackermann, Ronald T. Lin, Elizabeth H. Diehr, Paula H. Maclejewski, Matthew L. Williams, Barbara Patrick, Marcia B. LoGerto, James P. TI Distance as a barrier to using a fitness-program benefit for managed medicare enrollees SO JOURNAL OF AGING AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE exercise; older adults; utilization ID OLDER-ADULTS; MODEL; RISK AB This study evaluated the effect of distance on the likelihood of initiating and maintaining regular use of a fitness-program benefit in a population of managed Medicare seniors. We studied 8,162 participants and nonparticipants in a managed-care fitness-program benefit: a structured group exercise program or an unstructured health-club membership. Participants in both programs lived significantly closer to facilities than nonparticipants did (structured, p < .001; unstructured, p = .017). Participants living closer to unstructured-program sites attended more frequently than those farther away (p = .008). Distance was not correlated with frequency of use in the structured program (p = .49). Collectively, these analyses demonstrate that distance is related to uptake and, in some cases, continued use of a fitness-program benefit. Health systems providing fitness-program benefits as a way to increase physical activity levels of their plan members should consider location of program facilities in relation to members' home addresses to maximize use of the benefit. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Family Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Baylor Univ, USA, Grad Program Hlth Care Adm, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Berke, EM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Family Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Kim, Hyung Woo /G-7525-2011 FU PHS HHS [R48CCR002181, T32HP10002] NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1063-8652 J9 J AGING PHYS ACTIV JI J. Aging Phys. Act. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 14 IS 3 BP 313 EP 323 PG 11 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Sport Sciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Sport Sciences GA 068LU UT WOS:000239376400006 PM 17090808 ER PT J AU Ma, ZD Kikuchi, N Pierre, C Raju, B AF Ma, Zheng-Dong Kikuchi, Noboru Pierre, Christophe raju, Basava Raju TI Multidomain topology optimization for structural and material designs SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID STATIC MODE COMPENSATION; HOMOGENIZATION METHOD; COMPLIANT MECHANISMS; SHAPE OPTIMIZATION; SYSTEMS; TRENDS AB A multidomain topology optimization technique (MDTO) is developed, which extends the standard topology optimization method to the realm of more realistic engineering design problems. The new technique enables the effective design of a complex engineering. structure by allowing the designer to control the material distribution among the subdomains during the optimal design process, to use multiple materials or composite materials in the various subdomains of the structure, and to follow a desired pattern or tendency for the material distribution. A new algorithm of Sequential Approximate Optimization (SAO) is proposed for the multidomain topology optimization, which is an enhancement and a generalization of previous SAO algorithms (including Optimality Criteria and Convex Linearization methods, etc.). An advanced substructuring method using quasi-static modes is also introduced to condense the nodal variables associated with the multidomain topology optimization problem, especially for the nondesign subdomains. The effectiveness of the new MDTO approach is demonstrated for various design problems, including one of "structure-fixture simultaneous design," one of "functionally graded material design," and one of "crush energy management. " These case studies demonstrate the potential significance of the new capability developed for a wide range of engineering design problems. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Warren, MI 48347 USA. RP Ma, ZD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, 2250 GG Brown Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mazd@umich.edu; kikuchi@umich.edu; pierre@umich.edu NR 32 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 15 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2006 VL 73 IS 4 BP 565 EP 573 DI 10.1115/1.2164511 PG 9 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 097HA UT WOS:000241436600005 ER PT J AU Pan, E Zhu, R Chung, PW AF Pan, E. Zhu, R. Chung, P. W. TI On the correlation between the self-organized island pattern and substrate elastic anisotropy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-DOT SUPERLATTICES; PIEZOELECTRIC FIELDS; GAAS-SURFACES; GROWTH; DYNAMICS; MECHANISMS; DIFFUSION; SI(001); FILMS AB Self-organized quantum dots pattern depends strongly on the elastic strain energy of the substrate. It is well-known experimentally that for the elastic substrate with a high degree of anisotropy, the epitaxially grown island patterns are different for different growth orientations. In this paper, by incorporating the anisotropic strain energy field into a kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm for adatom diffusion, we show that the self-organized island pattern on the surface of an anisotropic substrate is closely correlated to the elastic energy distribution on the surface. The anisotropic substrates studied are GaAs with different growth orientations (001), (111), and (113). An isotropic substrate Iso (001), reduced from GaAs, is also investigated for the purpose of comparison. The island patterns on these substrates with and without elastic strain energy are presented. Besides the effect of substrate anisotropy, different growth parameters, including temperature, coverage, and interruption time, are further investigated to identify the optimal growth values. It is observed that the strain energy field in the substrate is the key factor that controls the island pattern, and that the latter is closely correlated to the substrate orientation (anisotropy). Our simulated patterns are also in qualitative agreement with recent experimental growth results. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Pan, E (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM pan2@uakron.edu RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805 NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 1 AR 013527 DI 10.1063/1.2213153 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 063YS UT WOS:000239056400044 ER PT J AU Thomas, RM Miranda, LE Kirk, JP AF Thomas, R. Matthew Miranda, L. E. Kirk, J. P. TI Feasibility of an implantable capsule for limiting lifespan of grass carp SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fish management; grass carp control; Ctenopharyngodon idella; bioerodible polymers; rotenone ID SANTEE-COOPER RESERVOIRS; DRUG-CARRIER MATRICES; BIOERODIBLE POLYANHYDRIDES; CTENOPHARYNGODON-IDELLA; RELEASE CHARACTERISTICS; ALIPHATIC POLYESTERS; DELIVERY-SYSTEMS; ATLANTIC SALMON; SOUTH-CAROLINA; LHRH ANALOGS AB The grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is an herbivorous cyprinid stocked to control undesirable aquatic vegetation. However, stocking grass carp presents several problems including complete eradication of submersed aquatic vegetation, dispersal out of the target area, adverse effects on fish communities, and damage to waterfowl habitat and native vegetation. The purpose of this research was to consider the feasibility of an implantable capsule for limiting the lifespan of grass carp. Stainless steel dowel pins were inserted into 49 fish to identify the most appropriate site to implant the capsule. The throat region along the body's longitudinal axis was identified as the most suitable location because it resulted in minimal loss over an 8-month holding period. Rotenone solutions were injected into the ventral surface between the pelvic fins to determine the lethal dosage to 95% of the population (LD95). The LD95 for grass carp increased curvilinearly with fish weight. Four polymers that merit further evaluation in constructing the capsule are poly[bis(p-carboxy phenoxy) propane anhydride], poly[bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)hexane anhydride], poly l-lactide, and poly (E-caprolactone). Implants are commonly used to deliver pharmaceutical products in medical and veterinarian applications, and have been used in fish. Developing a bioerodible capsule could increase the safety and flexibility of stocking grass carp for control of aquatic plants, and may also be applicable for management of other exotic species. C1 Teguesta Field Lab, Florida Wildlife Res Inst, Tequesta, FL 33469 USA. Mississippi State Univ, USGS Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Uni, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Dept Army Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Thomas, RM (reprint author), Teguesta Field Lab, Florida Wildlife Res Inst, POB 3478, Tequesta, FL 33469 USA. EM Mthomas_27@yahoo.com NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 BP 80 EP 89 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 103XL UT WOS:000241920400002 ER PT J AU Kirk, JP Henderson, JE AF Kirk, James P. Henderson, J. E. TI Management of hydrilla in the Santee Cooper Reservoirs, South Carolina: experiences from 1982 to 2004 SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE triploid grass carp; hydrilla control; management strategies ID TRIPLOID GRASS CARP; LARGEMOUTH BASS ABUNDANCE; AQUATIC VEGETATION; FLORIDA LAKES; RIVER; MOVEMENTS; IMPACTS; TEXAS AB The history of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle) management and its impacts to various user groups in the Santee Cooper reservoirs, South Carolina is summarized and discussed. Hydrilla was first discovered during 1982 and unsuccessfully managed with herbicides through 1988. From 1989 through 1996, a total of 768,500 triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Valenciennes) were stocked. Hydrilla eventually infested a total of 48,000 acres system-wide and coverage peaked at 38,000 acres during 1994. Triploid grass carp largely eliminated hydrilla by 1997, and since then submersed aquatic vegetation has remained sparse. Impacts from hydrilla were both positive and negative for fisheries and waterfowl but only negative for boating and hydropower. Tourism appeared unaffected. Triploid grass carp in the Santee Cooper system provided effective, long-term control. Hydrilla was controlled through 2004 at a cost of less than $10 per acre yearly and low triploid grass carp densities (less than one fish for every seven formerly vegetated acres) continue to maintain control. C1 Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kirk, JP (reprint author), Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM kirkj@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 BP 98 EP 103 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 103XL UT WOS:000241920400004 ER PT J AU Skogerboe, JG Getsinger, KD Glomski, LAM AF Skogerboe, John G. Getsinger, Kurt D. Glomski, Lee Ann M. TI Efficacy of diquat on submersed plants treated under simulated flowing water conditions SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE chemical control; concentration/exposure times; contact herbicide ID EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL; HYDRILLA; ENDOTHALL; TURBIDITY AB The contact aquatic herbicide, diquat (6,7-dihydrodipyrido [1,2-alpha:2',1'-c] pyrazinediium ion) was evaluated under simulated flowing water conditions in an outdoor mesocosm facility for efficacy on five submersed aquatic plants: hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f. Royle), Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.), sago pondweed (Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Boerner), American pondweed (Potamogeton nodosus Poiret), and egeria (Egeria densa Planchon). Diquat was applied at concentrations of 0.37 mg/L ai and 0.185 mg/L ai (cation) under flow-through conditions to provide theoretical 3 and 6 hr herbicide half-lives that produced observed herbicide half-lives of 2.5 and 4.5 hr, respectively. An additional treatment included 0.37 mg/L ai applied under static conditions (no water exchange). Results showed that diquat applications significantly inhibited shoot biomass production from 42 to 100 percent at all application concentrations and exposure times for all species, except hydrilla. Diquat resulted in no measurable control of hydrilla, except under static conditions. Results suggest that Eurasian watermilfoil, egeria, and sago pondweed are highly susceptible to diquat even in areas where herbicide dilution may occur in less than three hours. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Eau GAlle Aquat Res Lab, Spring Valley, WI 54767 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. SpecPRO Inc, USA, Engineer REs & Dev Ctr, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75057 USA. RP Skogerboe, JG (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Eau GAlle Aquat Res Lab, W500 Eau Galle Dam Rd, Spring Valley, WI 54767 USA. EM skoger@gte.net NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 BP 122 EP 125 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 103XL UT WOS:000241920400008 ER PT J AU Glomski, LAM Getsinger, KD AF Glomski, Lee Ann M. Getsinger, Kurt D. TI Carfentrazone-ethyl for control of giant salvinia SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; MOLESTA MITCHELL; VERTICILLATA; GLYPHOSATE; EVOLUTION; EFFICACY C1 SpecPro Inc, USA Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75057 USA. USA Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Glomski, LAM (reprint author), SpecPro Inc, USA Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, 201 E Jones St, Lewisville, TX 75057 USA. EM glomskl@wes.army.mil NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 BP 136 EP 138 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 103XL UT WOS:000241920400011 ER PT J AU Owens, CS Grodowitz, MJ Smart, RM Harms, NE Nachtrieb, JM AF Owens, Chetta S. Grodowitz, Michael J. Smart, R. Michael Harms, Nathan E. Nachtrieb, Julie M. TI Viability of hydrilla fragments exposed to different levels of insect herbivory SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article C1 SpecPro Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. ISAE Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. Univ N Texas, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. RP Owens, CS (reprint author), SpecPro Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, 201 Jones St, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. EM chetta@laerf.org NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 BP 145 EP 147 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 103XL UT WOS:000241920400014 ER PT J AU Hampton, BJ Harris, WH AF Hampton, BJ Harris, WH TI Primary cementless acetabular components in hips with severe developmental dysplasia or total dislocation - A concise follow-up, at an average of sixteen years, of a previous report SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID SURVIVORSHIP ANALYSIS; CONGENITAL DYSPLASIA; FEMORAL-HEAD; BONE-GRAFT; ARTHROPLASTY; REPLACEMENT; CLASSIFICATION; PLACEMENT AB We previously reported the seven-year results of the use of a hemispherical, porous-coated acetabular component in twenty consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties in a highly selected group, namely, patients with severe developmental dysplasia or total dislocation of the hip. The present report describes the outcomes of those hips nine years later, at an average follow-up of sixteen years (range, 11.5 to nineteen years). Since the time of our prior report, two shells were revised; one revision was done because of aseptic loosening and the other, because of polyethylene liner dissociation without tine fracture. The remaining shells were well fixed. No pelvic osteolysis was evident on plain radiographs. The average polyethylene liner wear rate was 0.09 mm/yr. With failure defined as aseptic loosening of the shell, the average sixteen-year survival for the shell was 92%. We believe that this cup had excellent fixation at a long duration of follow-up of sixteen years in this highly selected set of patients with difficult hip problems. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Harris Orthopaed Biomech & Biomat Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Hampton, BJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped & Rehabil, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM wharris.obbl@partners.org NR 23 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 88A IS 7 BP 1549 EP 1552 DI 10.2106/JBJS.E.00624 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 058YZ UT WOS:000238701800016 PM 16818981 ER PT J AU Turton, JF Kaufmann, ME Gill, MJ Pike, R Scott, PT Fishbain, J Craft, D Deye, G Riddell, S Lindler, LE Pitt, TL AF Turton, Jane F. Kaufmann, Mary E. Gill, Martin J. Pike, Rachel Scott, Paul T. Fishbain, Joel Craft, David Deye, Gregory Riddell, Scott Lindler, Luther E. Pitt, Tyrone L. TI Comparison of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from the United Kingdom and the United States that were associated with repatriated casualties of the Iraq conflict SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER; EPIDEMIC STRAINS; INFECTIONS; IDENTIFICATION; WOUNDS AB Acinetobacter isolates associated with casualties from the Iraq conflict from the United States were compared with those from the United Kingdom by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and integron analysis. Representatives of the main outbreak strain associated with casualties from both countries were indistinguishable in DNA profile. Two further outbreak strains were common to both sets of isolates. C1 Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, Lab HealthCare Associated Infect, London NW9 5EQ, England. Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, Antibiot Resistance Monitoring & Reference Lab, London NW9 5EQ, England. Queen Elizabeth Med Ctr, Univ Hosp Birmingham NHS Fdn Trust, Birmingham B15 2TJ, W Midlands, England. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany. RP Pitt, TL (reprint author), Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, Lab HealthCare Associated Infect, 61 Colindale Ave, London NW9 5EQ, England. EM tyrone.pitt@hpa.org.uk NR 22 TC 61 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 IS 7 BP 2630 EP 2634 DI 10.1128/JCM.00547-06 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 065JY UT WOS:000239157400058 PM 16825400 ER PT J AU Anderson, DA Myint, KSA Guan, M AF Anderson, D. A. Myint, K. S. A. Guan, M. TI Development and validation of rapid, point-of-care tests for acute hepatitis E virus infection SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY JUL 01-05, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Pan-Amer Soc Clin Virol, European Soc Clin Virol C1 Select Vaccines Ltd, Burnett Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USA Med Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. MP Biomed Asia Pacific, Singapore, Singapore. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 SU 2 BP S157 EP S157 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(06)80486-5 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 064CR UT WOS:000239067300476 ER PT J AU Esmat, G Zalata, K Metwally, MA Khattab, H El Batanouni, M El Daly, M Anwar, M Hassan, A Ismail, S Said, M Shaheen, A Sjogren, M Strickland, T Mohamed, MK AF Esmat, G. Zalata, K. Metwally, M. A. Khattab, H. El Batanouni, M. El Daly, M. Anwar, M. Hassan, A. Ismail, S. Said, M. Shaheen, A. Sjogren, M. Strickland, T. Mohamed, M. K. TI Histopathological characterization of genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY JUL 01-05, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Pan-Amer Soc Clin Virol, European Soc Clin Virol C1 Cairo Univ, Cairo, Egypt. Mansoura Univ, Mansoura, Egypt. Benha Univ, Banha, Egypt. Natl Liver Inst, Menoufia, Egypt. NHTMRI, Cairo, Egypt. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ain Shams Univ, Cairo, Egypt. RI El-Daly, Mai/C-4704-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 SU 2 BP S106 EP S107 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(06)80329-X PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA 064CR UT WOS:000239067300320 ER PT J AU Shrestha, MP Scott, RM Joshi, DM Mammen, MP Thapa, GB Thapa, N Myint, KSA Fourneau, M Kuschner, RA Shrestha, SK David, MP Seriwatana, J Vaughn, DW Safary, A Endy, TP Innis, BL AF Shrestha, M. P. Scott, R. McNair Joshi, D. M. Mammen, M. P., Jr. Thapa, G. B. Thapa, N. Myint, K. S. Aye Fourneau, M. Kuschner, R. A. Shrestha, S. K. David, M. P. Seriwatana, J. Vaughn, D. W. Safary, A. Endy, T. P. Innis, B. L. TI Protection against hepatitis E by a recombinant vaccine SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY JUL 01-05, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Pan-Amer Soc Clin Virol, European Soc Clin Virol C1 Walter Reed AFRIMS Res Unit Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal. Royal Nepalese Army, Kathmandu, Nepal. Armed Forces Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok, Thailand. GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. USA, Mil Infect Dis Res Program, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 SU 2 BP S2 EP S2 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(06)80015-6 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 064CR UT WOS:000239067300006 ER PT J AU Donnelly, C Kraus, N Larson, M AF Donnelly, Chantal Kraus, Nicholas Larson, Magnus TI State of knowledge on measurement and modeling of coastal overwash SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE washover; barrier island morphology; hurricanes; runup; inundation; breaching ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SOUTHEAST IRELAND; ASSATEAGUE-ISLAND; BARRIER-ISLANDS; WASHOVER FANS; SWASH-ZONE; SCALE; EVOLUTION; MARYLAND; SYSTEMS AB A critical review is presented on the state of knowledge and calculation capability for coastal overwash. Overwash and overwash deposits (washover) accompanying hurricanes and severe storms can devastate coastal communities and habitat, but in many areas these processes are essential for maintaining the integrity of barrier islands while creating new habitat. This review covers general studies of overwash processes, studies from a geological perspective, physical modeling, field studies including measurements of washovers and related hydraulics, and the state of numerical modeling capability to predict overwash. Although significant literature exists describing individual overwash events and locations experiencing frequent overwash, complete hydrodynamic and morphologic documentation of an overwash event is lacking. A limited number of algorithms or models exist to quantify overwash occurrence, deposited sand volume, and upper beach profile evolution. Existing models of overwash occurrence and one-dimensional beach profile evolution have been shown to perform successfully against available data, and areas of improvement are identified. Models must be made capable of simulating the various washover morphologies that have been produced by different hydrodynamics, overwash spreading based on dune topography, friction and percolation, and interaction between swash bores. Comprehensive laboratory and field data sets to achieve these aims are still lacking. C1 Lund Univ, Dept Water Resources Engn, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Donnelly, C (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Water Resources Engn, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. NR 98 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 20 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 965 EP 991 DI 10.2112/04-0431.1 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 070TK UT WOS:000239547000021 ER PT J AU Sukumar, SR Page, DL Gribok, AV Koschan, AF Abidi, MA Gorsich, DJ Gerhart, GR AF Sukumar, Sreenivas R. Page, David L. Gribok, Andrei V. Koschan, Andreas F. Abidi, Mongi A. Gorsich, David J. Gerhart, Grant R. TI Robotic three-dimensional imaging system for under-vehicle inspection SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING LA English DT Article ID OBJECT RECOGNITION; REPRESENTATION; ISOMORPHISM; ALGORITHM; IMAGES AB We present our research efforts toward the deployment of 3-D sensing technology to an under-vehicle inspection robot. The 3-D sensing modality provides flexibility with ambient lighting and illumination in addition to the ease of visualization, mobility, and increased confidence toward inspection. We leverage laser-based range-imaging techniques to reconstruct the scene of interest and address various design challenges in the scene modeling pipeline. On these 3-D mesh models, we propose a curvature-based surface feature toward the interpretation of the reconstructed 3-D geometry. The curvature variation measure (CVM) that we define as the entropic measure of curvature quantifies surface complexity indicative of the information present in the surface. We are able to segment the digitized mesh models into smooth patches and represent the automotive scene as a graph network of patches. The CVM at the nodes of the graph describes the surface patch. We demonstrate the descriptiveness of the CVM on manufacturer CAD and laser-scanned models. (c) 2006 SPIE and IS&T. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Imaging Robot & Intelligent Syst Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USA, RDECOM, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Sukumar, SR (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Imaging Robot & Intelligent Syst Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM rangan@imaging.utk.edu NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IS&T & SPIE PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1017-9909 EI 1560-229X J9 J ELECTRON IMAGING JI J. Electron. Imaging PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 15 IS 3 AR 033008 DI 10.1117/1.2238565 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TT UT WOS:000241692500008 ER PT J AU Barry, JD Durkovich, DW Williams, SR AF Barry, JD Durkovich, DW Williams, SR TI Vasopressin treatment for cyclic antidepressant overdose SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cyclic antidepressant; vasopressin; hypotension; poisoning; overdose ID MILRINONE-INDUCED HYPOTENSION; LOW-DOSE VASOPRESSIN; SEVERE SEPTIC SHOCK; ARGININE-VASOPRESSIN; VASODILATORY SHOCK; HEMODYNAMICS; MANAGEMENT; DEFICIENCY AB Due to neurotransmitter reuptake inhibition, peripheral alpha receptor blocking effects, and sodium channel blockade, severe cyclic antidepressant poisoning may lead to intractable hypotension. We report a case of severe amitriptyline toxicity, with hypotension unresponsive to direct alpha receptor agonists after pH manipulation, but improved with intravenous vasopressin. Vasopressin use in the setting of cyclic antidepressant toxicity has not been previously reported. Vasopressin may be a beneficial agent in the treatment of recalcitrant hypotension associated with poisoning or overdose. The anecdotal nature of this report must be emphasized and the use of vasopressin requires further research to define efficacy, dose, and potential side effects. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Barry, JD (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1 BP 65 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2005.08.012 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 060AZ UT WOS:000238774900014 PM 16798158 ER PT J AU Williams, CB Joyce, AP Roberts, S AF Williams, CB Joyce, AP Roberts, S TI A comparison between in vivo radiographic working length determination and measurement after extraction SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE electronic apex locator; major foramen; minor diameter; radiographic working length; working length; working length determination ID ELECTRONIC APEX LOCATOR; CLINICAL-EVALUATION; MAXILLARY MOLARS; APICAL FORAMEN; ROOT CANALS; ENDODONTICS; OBTURATION; ACCURACY; POSITION AB The purpose of this study was to compare the difference between the in vivo working length established by viewing a periapical radiograph and the in vitro measurement from the file tip to the apical foramen of the extracted tooth. Twenty-six canals from teeth that had been treatment planned for extraction were accessed under rubber dam isolation. The coronal portion of each canal was flared using Gates Glidden drills, and a K-type file was inserted down the canal until an electronic apex locator indicated that the file had reached the apex. A size 20 K-type file was locked into place with glass ionomer cement at this position. A radiograph was exposed and the tooth was extracted. Each tooth was viewed using a videomicroscope at 30 X original magnification, and the distance from the file tip to the most coronal aspect of the major foramen was measured. Six examiners viewed each radiograph and assessed the working length of each canal. chi(2) analysis of the data revealed a significant difference (p < 0.01) between the estimation of working lengths and the microscopic measurements. The examiners overestimated the distance between the file tip and the apical foramen of the tooth when the file was placed short, and underestimated the distance when the file was placed long. In conclusion, when the file is short it is actually closer to the apical foramen than it appears radiographically; when it is long it is actually longer than it appears radiographically. C1 USA DENTAC, DDS, Tingay Dent Clin, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Roberts, S (reprint author), USA DENTAC, DDS, Tingay Dent Clin, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. EM Steven.Roberts@se.amedd.army.mil NR 21 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 32 IS 7 BP 624 EP 627 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2005.10.044 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 059GC UT WOS:000238720300002 PM 16793467 ER PT J AU Stratton, RK Apicella, MJ Mines, P AF Stratton, RK Apicella, MJ Mines, P TI A fluid filtration comparison of gutta-percha versus Resilon, a new soft resin endodontic obturation system SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE fluid filtration; irrigation; obturation; Resilon ID CANAL FILLING MATERIAL; TREATED TEETH; APICAL SEAL; SODIUM-HYPOCHLORITE; CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE; ROOT; DENTIN; THERAPY; QUALITY AB The purpose of this study was to compare the sealing ability of gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer versus Resilon and Epiphany Resin Root Canal sealer using three different final irrigants with the fluid filtration model. There were 140 teeth prepared using a crown-down method to a size 50 file. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups: (A) GP and AH Plus and (13) Resilon and Epiphany. After removal of the smear layer each group was irrigated with either 5.25% NaOCl, 0.012% chlorhexidine (CHX), or 2% CHX for 10 minutes. Obturation was performed using the continuous wave of condensation. The teeth were stored for 20 days in 100% humidity before testing. Two-way ANOVA analysis indicated significantly less leakage (p < 0.05) using Resilon with Epiphany sealer compared to gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. There was no statistical significance between any of the irrigants used for either obturation group. C1 USA, Ft Bragg Endodont Residency, Ft Bragg, NC USA. RP Stratton, RK (reprint author), 7120 Brandon Dr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM ryan.stratton@us.army.mil NR 27 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 32 IS 7 BP 642 EP 645 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2005.09.002 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 059GC UT WOS:000238720300006 PM 16793471 ER PT J AU Birinci, E Gevgilili, H Kalyon, DM Greenberg, B Fair, DF Perich, A AF Birinci, Elvan Gevgilili, Halil Kalyon, Dilhan M. Greenberg, Berton Fair, David F. Perich, Andrew TI Rheological characterization of nitrocellulose gels SO JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE energetic; nitrocellulose; rhelogy; viscoelasticity ID CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONS; SLIP AB Various nitrocellulose, NC, based propellant formulations need to be processed using new and more environmentally friendly solvent combinations on the one hand and using continuous processing methodologies on the other hand. A detailed understanding of the significant changes that take place in the structure and hence the rheological behavior of NC based formulations during manufacture is required to minimize the use of organic solvents and to revert to safer and green solvents. Towards achieving these objectives, experimental methodologies were developed for the first time to enable the accurate characterization and thus fingerprinting of the rheological behavior of NC gels. In these methodologies linear viscoelastic measurements are employed. The concentration of the solvents existing in the gel sample during rheological characterization is concomitantly monitored to allow the documentation of the major source of error associated with the rapid loss of the typical solvents, which generally exhibit relatively high vapor pressures. These measurements have indicated that the source of the NC fibers and the treatment method alter the rheological behavior and can be tracked. The rheological properties of the NC gels can be linked to their manufacturability and such data can be used to pinpoint optimum geometries and processing conditions. The processability of the NC based formulations can also be tailored on the basis of rheological characterization, allowing the manufacturers greater latitude for reducing costs and environmental footprint during manufacture, as well as improving the quality of their NC based energetic formulations. C1 Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, AMSTA AR EMB, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. RP Kalyon, DM (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Castle Point, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM dkalyon@stevens.edu NR 8 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0652 J9 J ENERG MATER JI J. Energ. Mater. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 247 EP 269 DI 10.1080/07370650600791262 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 078MV UT WOS:000240108800005 ER PT J AU Takhampunya, R Ubol, S Houng, HS Cameron, CE Padmanabhan, R AF Takhampunya, R Ubol, S Houng, HS Cameron, CE Padmanabhan, R TI Inhibition of dengue virus replication by mycophenolic acid and ribavirin SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT RNA-POLYMERASE; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; IN-VITRO; KUNJIN VIRUS; ERROR CATASTROPHE; IMP DEHYDROGENASE; VIRAL-RNA; NS5; MECHANISM AB Dengue viruses (DEN), mosquito-borne members of the family Flaviviridae, are human pathogens of global significance. The eff ects of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and ribavirin (RBV) on DEN replication in monkey kidney (LLC-MK2) cells were examined. MPA (IC50 = 0 center dot 4 +/- 0 center dot 3 mu M) and RBV OC50 = 50 center dot 9 +/- 18 mu M) inhibited DEN2 replication. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR of viral RNA and plaque assays of virions from DEN2-infected and MPA (10 mu M)- and RBV (>= 200 PM)-treated cells showed a fivefold increase in defective viral RNA production by cells treated with each drug. Moreover, a dramatic reduction of intracellular viral replicase activity was seen by in vitro replicase assays. Guanosine reversed the inhibition of these compounds, suggesting that one mode of antiviral action of MPA and RBV is by inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and thereby depletion of the intracellular GTP pool. In addition, RBV may act by competing with guanine-nucleotide precursors in viral RNA translation, replication and 5 ' capping. C1 Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Padmanabhan, R (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 3900 Reservoir Rd, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM rp55@georgetown.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI 54776, R01 AI-32078] NR 38 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 87 BP 1947 EP 1952 DI 10.1099/vir.0.81655-0 PN 7 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 059BF UT WOS:000238707600016 PM 16760396 ER PT J AU Shoop, S Haehnel, R Janoo, V Harjes, D Liston, R AF Shoop, S Haehnel, R Janoo, V Harjes, D Liston, R TI Seasonal deterioration of unsurfaced roads SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Seasonal deformation of unsurfaced roads was observed over several years and was studied using pavement deterioration models and finite-element analysis. The Mathematical Model of Pavement Performance is a model designed for pavement deterioration prediction and was successfully used for seasonal deterioration modeling because of its flexibility in defining the pavement structure, properties, and seasonal impact. However, these types of models are designed for highways and are somewhat limited in soils characterization and manipulation of the forces at the road-tire interface. Therefore, a three-dimensional dynamic finite-element model of a wheel rolling over soil was applied to simulate local vehicle traffic on a secondary unpaved road. These simulations were used to study the effects of vehicle speed, load, suspension system, wheel torque, and wheel slip on rutting and washboard formation. Modeling results are compared to field measurements and observations. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. UNOPS, Kabul, Afghanistan. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Shoop, S (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM shoop@crrel.usace.army.mil NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 132 IS 7 BP 852 EP 860 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:7(852) PG 9 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 055DF UT WOS:000238429500004 ER PT J AU Lin, DL Lenhart, MK Farber, GL AF Lin, David L. Lenhart, Martha K. Farber, Gerald L. TI Anatomy of the anterior interosseous innervation of the pronator quadratus: Evaluation of structures at risk in the single dorsal incision wrist denervation technique SO JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article DE anatomy; denervation; interosseous; pronator; wrist ID NERVE; POSTERIOR; JOINT; PAIN AB Purpose: Patients with chronic wrist pain often are treated with wrist denervation, which typically involves transecting both the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) and the posterior interosseous nerve. A single dorsal incision approach is an improvement over the more traditional multiple-incision technique. The purpose of our study was to describe the branches of the AIN to the pronator quadratus and evaluate the risk of denervation with the single dorsal incision technique. Methods: Twelve fresh-frozen cadaver forearms were dissected. The branches of the AIN to the pronator quadratus were identified and the individual branch points were measured from the articular edge of the distal radius. Wrist denervation was then performed on each specimen through the single dorsal incision (as suggested by Berger). Results: There were an average of 3 branches from the AIN to the pronator quadratus. All forearms had at least 1 branch to the pronator quadratus more proximal to the distal end of the dorsal skin incision; however, in only 2 of the forearms was the most proximal branch more than 2 cm proximal to the distal end of the dorsal skin incision. Conclusions: Wrist denervation through the recommended single dorsal incision poses a serious risk for completely denervating the pronator quadratus. Therefore the resection of the AIN must be performed close to the distal margin of the pronator quadratus. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Lin, DL (reprint author), 10800 Drawbridge Ct, Silver Spring, MD 20902 USA. EM david.lin@na.amedd.army.mil NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0363-5023 J9 J HAND SURG-AM JI J. Hand Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 31A IS 6 BP 904 EP 907 DI 10.1016/j.jhsa.2006.02.028 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 065TZ UT WOS:000239184000005 PM 16843148 ER PT J AU Du, L Choi, KK Youn, BD Gorsich, D AF Du, Liu Choi, K. K. Youn, Byeng D. Gorsich, David TI Possibility-based design optimization method for design problems with both statistical and fuzzy input data SO JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL DESIGN LA English DT Article DE random variable; fuzzy variable; performance measure approach (PMA); inverse possibility analysis; maximum possibility search (MPS) method; possibility-based design optimization (PBDO) ID RELIABILITY-BASED DESIGN; PROBABILITY; UNCERTAINTY AB The reliability based design optimization (RBDO) method is prevailing in stochastic structural design optimization by assuming the amount of input data is sufficient enough to create accurate input statistical distribution. If the sufficient input data cannot be generated due to limitations in technical and/or facility resources, the possibility-based design optimization (PBDO) method can be used to obtain reliable designs by utilizing membership functions for epistemic uncertainties. For RBDO, the performance measure approach (PMA) is well established and accepted by many investigators. It is found that the same PMA is a very much desirable approach also for the PBDO problems. In many industry design problems, we have to deal with uncertainties with sufficient data and uncertainties with insufficient data simultaneously. For these design problems, it is not desirable to use RBDO since it could lead to an unreliable optimum design. This paper proposes to use PBDO for design optimization for such problems. In order to treat uncertainties as fuzzy variables, several methods for membership function generation are proposed. As less detailed information is available for the input data, the membership function that provides more conservative optimum design should be selected. For uncertainties with sufficient data, the membership function that yields the least conservative optimum design is proposed by using the possibility-probability consistency theory and the least conservative condition. The proposed approach for design problems with mixed type input uncertainties is applied to some example problems to demonstrate feasibility of the approach. It is shown that the proposed approach provides conservative optimum design. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Engn, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Detroit Mercy, Coll Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Detroit, MI 48219 USA. USA, Natl Automot Ctr, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Choi, KK (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Engn, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM kkchoi@ccad.uiowa.edu RI Youn, Byeng/G-2091-2010; Choi, Kyung/B-1512-2008 OI Youn, Byeng/0000-0003-0135-3660; Choi, Kyung/0000-0003-2384-6220 NR 19 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 12 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1050-0472 J9 J MECH DESIGN JI J. Mech. Des. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 128 IS 4 BP 928 EP 935 DI 10.1115/1.2204972 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 061PD UT WOS:000238883800034 ER PT J AU Kaufman, MG Wanja, E Maknojia, S Bayoh, MN Vulule, JM Walker, ED AF Kaufman, Michael G. Wanja, Elizabeth Maknojia, Shahnaz Bayoh, M. Nabie Vulule, John M. Walker, Edward D. TI Importance of algal Biomass to growth and development of Anopheles gambiae larvae SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles gambiae larvae; surface layer algae; feeding ecology ID CULICIDAE LARVAE; WESTERN KENYA; QUADRIMACULATUS DIPTERA; HABITAT SELECTION; MOSQUITO LARVAE; AQUATIC STAGES; CHLOROPHYLL-A; MICHIGAN POND; BACTERIAL; FRESH AB We conducted experiments to investigate the importance of algal food resources for larval growth and adult emergence of Anopheles gambiae Giles s.s. in simulated larval habitats in Kenya, and in greenhouse and laboratory microcosms in the United States. In the first experiment, we used shading to reduce algal biomass, and because algal production and larval development might be a function of underlying soil nutrients, we crossed sun-shade treatments with soils of two distinct types collected near larval habitats. Shading reduced pupation rates and total adult biomass of An. gambiae by approximate to 50%. Soil type had no significant effect on mosquito production, but it did significantly affect concentrations of phosphorus and chlorophyll a in the surface microlayer. In a subsequent experiment conducted in the greenhouse to reduce temperature differences found between the shaded and sunlit treatments, < 1% of larvae in the shaded treatments reached the pupal stage. There was a marked reduction of chlorophyll a levels as a function of shading and larval density. In a third experiment, larvae receiving material harvested from sunlit surface microlayers performed as well as those receiving liver powder, whereas those receiving surface microlayer from shaded habitats suffered > 90% mortality and failed to pupate. in a fourth experiment, glucose was added to shaded microcosms to stimulate bacterial activity in the absence of algae. Bacterial growth rates were 2 to 3 times higher, and larval development was enhanced in glucose-amended treatments. However, pupation rates and adult weights in glucose-amended shaded microcosms were still poor compared with those in nonamended sunlit microcosms. Overall, these results demonstrate the importance of algal biomass in the surface microlayers of larval habitats to development and adult production of An. gambiae. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USA, Infantry BDE Loop 1, Ft Benning, GA 31905 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Vector Biol Control & Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. Michigan State Univ, Microbiol & Mol Genet Dept, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Kaufman, MG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI50703, R37 AI021884] NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 43 IS 4 BP 669 EP 676 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)43[669:IOABTG]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 062ZU UT WOS:000238986400003 PM 16892623 ER PT J AU Gerges, MT AF Gerges, Mark T. TI Napoleon's shield and guardian: The unconquerable General Daumesnil. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Gerges, MT (reprint author), USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 830 EP 832 DI 10.1353/jmh.2006.0163 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 062TP UT WOS:000238967800019 ER PT J AU Swain, RM AF Swain, Richard M. TI Rethinking the principles of war. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Swain, RM (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 891 EP 892 DI 10.1353/jmh.2006.0201 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 062TP UT WOS:000238967800070 ER PT J AU Hawkins, JM AF Hawkins, John M. TI Untitled - Respond SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Letter C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Hawkins, JM (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 915 EP 916 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 062TP UT WOS:000238967800074 ER PT J AU Yang, J Wang, WZ Ma, Y Wang, DZ Steeves, D Kimball, B Ren, ZF AF Yang, Jian Wang, Wenzhong Ma, Yi Wang, D. Z. Steeves, D. Kimball, B. Ren, Z. F. TI High throughput growth of zinc oxide nanowires from zinc powder with the assistance of sodium chloride SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ZnO nanowires; growth; photoluminescence ID ZNO NANOWIRES; NANORODS; NANOBELTS; NANOSTRUCTURES; DEPOSITION; ARRAYS; NANOCRYSTALS; FABRICATION; TRANSPORT; ROUTE AB Sodium chloride (NaCl) was found to be very helpful in producing single crystal zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires in gram quantities. The growth involves heating the mixture of zinc powder and NaCl to 600-700 degrees C in flowing gases of oxygen and argon. A conversion efficiency of 70-80% (Zn to ZnO) was achieved when NaCl was used, and 5-10% without NaCl. The NaCl was completely removed by soaking and rinsing the mixture in water a few times. Photoluminescence spectra using excitation of 325 nm showed a very strong emission only in the visible frequency range, indicating that the surface states dominate the emission. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Nanomat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Ren, ZF (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RI Yang, Jian /I-2719-2012; Ren, Zhifeng/B-4275-2014; Wang, Wenzhong/I-4752-2014 NR 34 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 6 IS 7 BP 2196 EP 2199 DI 10.1166/jnn.2006.363 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 070SA UT WOS:000239542900049 PM 17025149 ER PT J AU Lanza, E Hartman, TJ Albert, PS Shields, R Slattery, M Caan, B Paskett, E Iber, F Kikendall, JW Lance, P Daston, C Schatzkin, A AF Lanza, E Hartman, TJ Albert, PS Shields, R Slattery, M Caan, B Paskett, E Iber, F Kikendall, JW Lance, P Daston, C Schatzkin, A TI High dry bean intake and reduced risk of advanced colorectal adenoma recurrence among participants in the polyp prevention trial SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE dry beans; fruits and vegetables; colorectal cancer; colorectal adenoma; advanced colorectal adenoma ID DIETARY GLYCEMIC LOAD; COLON-CANCER; RECTAL-CANCER; PLANT FOODS; CARCINOMA SEQUENCE; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; WOMENS HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; HIGH-FIBER; LOW-FAT AB Adequate fruit and vegetable intake was suggested to protect against colorectal cancer and colorectal adenomas; however, several recent prospective studies reported no association. We examined the association between fruits and vegetables and adenomatous polyp recurrence in the Polyp Prevention Trial (PPT). The PPT was a low-fat, high-fiber, high-fruit, and vegetable dietary intervention trial of adenoma recurrence, in which there were no differences in the rate of adenoma recurrence in participants in the intervention and control arms of the trial. In this analysis of the entire PPT trial-based cohort, multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of advanced and nonadvanced adenoma recurrence within quartiles of baseline and change (baseline minus the mean over 3 y) in fruit and vegetable intake, after adjustment for age, total energyy intake, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, BMI, and gender. There were no significant associations between nonadvanced adenoma recurrence and overall change in fruit and vegetable consumption; however, those in the highest quartile of change in dry bean intake (greatest increase) compared with those in the lowest had a significantly reduced OR for advanced adenoma recurrence (OR = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.18-0.69; P for trend = 0.001). The median in the highest quartile of change in dry bean intake was 370% higher than the baseline intake. The PPT trial-based cohort provides evidence that dry beans may be inversely associated with advanced adenoma recurrence. C1 NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Lab Canc Prevent, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NCI, Biometr Res Branch, Div Canc Treatment & Diagnosis, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Informat Management Serv Inc, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Kaiser Informat Management Serv, Oakland, CA USA. Ohio State Canc Ctr, Columbus, OH USA. Vet Affairs Edward Hines Jr Hosp, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Hines, IL USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Canc Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Daston Commun, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NCI, Div Epidemiol & Genet, Nutr Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Lanza, E (reprint author), NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Lab Canc Prevent, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM el33t@nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [Z01 CN000151-17] NR 61 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER SOCIETY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 136 IS 7 BP 1896 EP 1903 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 057VV UT WOS:000238624200024 PM 16772456 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, MD Moore, JH DeBerardino, TA AF Rosenthal, MD Moore, JH DeBerardino, TA TI Diagnosis of medial knee pain: Atypical stress fracture about the knee joint SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE bone injury; female athlete triad; tibia ID MILITARY RECRUITS; PHYSICAL-THERAPY; TIBIAL PLATEAU; GRAVES-DISEASE; FEMORAL-SHAFT; RISK-FACTORS; BONE; MANAGEMENT; EXERCISE; IDENTIFICATION AB Study Design: Resident's case problem. Background: A 19-year-old female, currently enrolled in a military training program, sought medical care for a twisting injury to her right knee. The patient reported her symptoms as similar to an injury she incurred I year previously while enrolled in the same military program. The patient's past medical history included a nondepressed fracture of the medial tibial plateau and complete tear of the deep fibers of the medial collateral ligament. Diagnosis: Physical exam revealed nonlocalized anterior and medial knee pain without evidence of internal derangement. Initial knee and tibia radiographs were unremarkable. Referral for orthopedic physician evaluation resulted in concurrence with the therapist's diagnosis an p an of care, and the patient was allowed to continue with limited physical training demands. Despite periods of rest, the patient's symptoms progressively worsened upon attempts to resume running. The examining therapist referred the patient for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to the patient's worsening symptoms, normal radiographs, and concern for a proximal tibia stress fracture. MRI revealed a severe proximal tibial metaphysis stress fracture. Discussion: Stress fractures are commonly encountered injuries in individuals subjected to increased physical training demands. Early evaluation may not yield well-localized findings and may mimic other conditions. Nonmusculoskeletal conditions should be considered in the management of patients with stress fractures. This resident's case problem illustrates the importance of serial physical examinations and collaboration with other healthcare practitioners in the comprehensive assessment and management of a patient with a severe stress fracture. C1 USN, Special Warfare Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. AMEDDC&S, Acad Hlth Sci, USA Baylor Univ Doctoral Program Phys Therapy, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. USA, Keller Community Hosp, West Point, NY USA. RP Rosenthal, MD (reprint author), 116 Rendova circle, Coronado, CA 92118 USA. EM Michael.Rosenthal@navsoc.navy.mil OI DeBerardino, Thomas/0000-0002-7110-8743 NR 56 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 IS 7 BP 526 EP 534 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 059KL UT WOS:000238731600009 PM 16881469 ER PT J AU Erley, KJ Swiec, GD Herold, R Bisch, FC Peacock, ME AF Erley, Kenneth J. Swiec, Gary D. Herold, Robert Bisch, Frederick C. Peacock, Mark E. TI Gingival recession treatment with connective tissue grafts in smokers and non-smokers SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE connective tissue; cotinine; gingival recession; plastic surgery; smoking ID FIBROBLASTS IN-VITRO; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; ROOT COVERAGE; HEALING RESPONSE; COTININE LEVELS; ATTACHMENT LOSS; TOBACCO-SMOKE; NICOTINE; DEFECTS; FLAP AB Background: Cigarette smoking can adversely affect the results of many periodontal procedures. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cigarette smoking affects wound healing of subepithelial connective tissue grafts. Methods: Seventeen systemically healthy patients with 22 Miller Class I or II mucogingival defects were divided into a non-smoker group or smoker group. Patients were regarded as smokers if they reported smoking 10 to 20 cigarettes per day. The following parameters were documented at the surgery date and 3 and 6 months postoperatively: recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), keratinized gingiva height measured apico-coronally (KG), relative attachment level (RAL), probing depths (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and the full-mouth plaque score (FMP). Salivary cotinine samples were taken at the surgery to confirm the smoking history and to quantify cigarette use. Results: Non-smokers (0- to 10-ng/ml cotinine level) healed with statistically more recession coverage than the smokers (> 10-ng/ml cotinine level) (98.3% versus 82.3%, respectively; P = 0.001). Six months postoperatively, the non-smokers healed with a 0.2-mm mean recession depth compared to a 1.0-mm mean recession depth for the smokers. This difference in recession depth was statistically significant (P = 0.014). Conclusions: Root coverage with connective tissue grafts appears to be negatively associated with cigarette smoking. Smokers should consider smoking cessation or reducing the use of cigarettes for optimal results with connective tissue grafts. C1 USA, DENTAC, Periodont Residency Training Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30903 USA. USA, Landstuhl, Germany. RP Swiec, GD (reprint author), USA, DENTAC, Periodont Residency Training Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30903 USA. EM gary.swiec@amedd.army.mil NR 39 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 77 IS 7 BP 1148 EP 1155 DI 10.1902/jop.2006.050252 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 103IP UT WOS:000241879200007 PM 16805676 ER PT J AU Rivin, D Suzin, Y AF Rivin, D Suzin, Y TI Calorimetric investigation of the interaction of carbon nanotubes with polystyrene SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE calorimetry; carbon black; carbon nanotubes; particle dispersion; polystyrene ID GAS/VAPOR FLOW MICROCALORIMETRY; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PERCOLATION-THRESHOLD; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROPOROUS CARBONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; POROUS CARBONS; POLYMER MELT; COMPOSITES; ADSORPTION AB A simple, scalable procedure that does not require covalent modification of the filler or specialized high shear mixers is described for preparing well-dispersed carbon nanotube composites. Excellent particle dispersions of multiple-walled carbon nanotubes (NTs) and carbon black (CB) in polystyrene (PS) are obtained by coating the particles with a < 2-nm layer of PS adsorbed from dilute solution, prior to incorporation in the composite. Improved mechanical properties of composites containing coated particles, especially NT, are demonstrated by dynamic mechanical analysis at low frequency and low amplitude. Formation of a partially immobilized region of polymer surrounding the particles is quantified using flow microcalorimetry with ethyl acetate or methyl ethyl ketone vapor to measure the increase in solvation enthalpy in this region. This calorimetlic method is applied to both composites and compacted powder mixtures of NT or CB with PS. The response of integral heat of vapor sorption as a function of particle loading in powder mixtures is similar to percolation curves reported for mechanical and electrical properties of composites. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Rivin, D (reprint author), USA, Res Dev & Engn Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM mdriv@verizon.net NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 44 IS 13 BP 1821 EP 1834 DI 10.1002/polb.20831 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 056DP UT WOS:000238501800006 ER PT J AU Shkuratov, Y Bondarenko, S Ovcharenko, A Pieters, C Hiroi, T Volten, H Munoz, O Videen, G AF Shkuratov, Y Bondarenko, S Ovcharenko, A Pieters, C Hiroi, T Volten, H Munoz, O Videen, G TI Comparative studies of the reflectance and degree of linear polarization of particulate surfaces and independently scattering particles SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Electromagnetic and Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Granada, SPAIN ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; NEGATIVE POLARIZATION; MATRICES AB We compare measurements of the phase-angle dependencies of the intensity and degree of linear polarization of particles in air and particulate surfaces. The samples were measured at two spectral bands centered near 0.63 and 0.45 mu m. The surfaces were measured with the new photo meter/polarimeter at the Astronomical Institute of Kharkov National University. The scattering measurements of the particles in air were carried out with the equipment currently located at the University of Amsterdam. We study a suite of samples of natural mineral particles of different sizes all in the micrometer range, i.e. comparable with the wavelengths. The samples are characterized by a variety of particle shapes and albedos. The samples have been studied in several works and in this paper we include new SEM microphotographs of particles and spectra of powders in a wide spectral range, 0.3-50 mu m, using the RELAB equipment of Brown University. We made measurements of particulate surfaces in a phase-angle range, 2-60 degrees that is significantly wider than that of our previous studies. We confirm our earlier results that the negative polarization of the surfaces may be a remnant of the negative polarization of the single scattering by the particles that constitute the surfaces. We also find differences in the spectral behavior of the polarization degree of particles in air and particulate surfaces at large phase angles. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kharkov Natl Univ, Astron Inst, UA-61022 Kharkov, Ukraine. Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18008 Granada, Spain. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, CI,EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shkuratov, Y (reprint author), Kharkov Natl Univ, Astron Inst, 35 Sumskaya St, UA-61022 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM shkuratov@vk.kh.ua OI Munoz, Olga/0000-0002-5138-3932 NR 21 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 100 IS 1-3 BP 340 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.11.050 PG 19 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 033ZF UT WOS:000236892800034 ER PT J AU Videen, G Wetmore, A Petre, M Shkuratov, Y AF Videen, G Wetmore, A Petre, M Shkuratov, Y TI Analytic description of enhanced backscattering and negative polarization from a cloud of dipoles SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Electromagnetic and Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Granada, SPAIN DE light scattering; enhanced backscatter; polarization opposition effect ID OPPOSITION; SCATTERING AB We develop a second-order model of the light scattered by a cloud of randomly positioned dipoles and consider the interference of reciprocal rays that lead to enhanced backscatter and negative polarization. For large path-length separations, we derive analytic expressions for the individual polarization intensities. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, ASMRL, CI EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Kharkov Natl Univ, Astron Inst, UA-61022 Kharkov, Ukraine. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Videen, G (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, ASMRL, CI EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM gvideen@arl.army.mil NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 100 IS 1-3 BP 406 EP 414 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.11.054 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 033ZF UT WOS:000236892800039 ER PT J AU Zubko, E Shkuratov, Y Videen, G AF Zubko, E Shkuratov, Y Videen, G TI Discrete-dipole analysis of backscatter features of agglomerated debris particles comparable in size with wavelength SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Electromagnetic and Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Granada, SPAIN ID POLARIZATION; GRAINS; LIGHT AB We study the backscattered light of agglomerated debris particles using the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) in order to isolate specific physical components that contribute to negative polarization and the brightness opposition surge. We examine a few specific particle systems that display a prominent brightness surge and significant negative polarization over a range of near backscatter angles. In all cases, removal of the far-field interaction components results in the disappearance of the brightness surge and negative polarization branch; whereas, these phenomena remained if the near-field or radial components of the interaction fields are removed. This suggests that the mechanisms for these phenomena are embedded within the far-field interaction component. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kharkov Natl Univ, Inst Astron, UA-61022 Kharkov, Ukraine. Helsinki Univ Observ, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Zubko, E (reprint author), Kharkov Natl Univ, Inst Astron, 35 Sumskaya St, UA-61022 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM zubko@astron.kharkov.ua NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 100 IS 1-3 BP 483 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.11.059 PG 6 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 033ZF UT WOS:000236892800046 ER PT J AU Zubko, E Shkuratov, Y Muinonen, K Videen, G AF Zubko, E Shkuratov, Y Muinonen, K Videen, G TI Collective effects by agglomerated debris particles in the backscatter SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Electromagnetic and Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Granada, SPAIN DE backscatter; agglomerated particles; negative polarization ID POLARIZATION; SCATTERING AB We present an analysis of backscattered light by agglomerated debris particles whose size is comparable with the wavelength. We consider agglomerates that consist of one or two large central particles and a few relatively small fragments surrounding the particles. We find that for the particles we studied, the attachment of small fragments onto the particles leads to a decrease of the negative polarization branch (NPB) at small phase angles in comparison with the branch produced by the isolated particles. For relatively large agglomerates (with size parameters x about 25) the internal scatter in the agglomerates may produce a secondary minimum of the NPB. In this case the second order of scatter between constituents of aggregates plays the dominant role. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kharkov Natl Univ, Inst Astron, UA-61022 Kharkov, Ukraine. Helsinki Univ Observ, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Radio Astron, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, CI EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Zubko, E (reprint author), Kharkov Natl Univ, Inst Astron, 35 Sunskaya St, UA-61022 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM zubko@astron.kharkov.ua NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 100 IS 1-3 BP 489 EP 495 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.11.073 PG 7 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 033ZF UT WOS:000236892800047 ER PT J AU Kim, JY Finger, DR AF Kim, John Y. Finger, David R. TI Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, MCHK DM, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Rheumatol Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Kim, JY (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, MCHK DM, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM john.yohan.kim@us.army.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1416 EP 1416 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 061KT UT WOS:000238872000038 PM 16821278 ER PT J AU Olague, HM Etzkorn, LH Li, W Cox, G AF Olague, Hector M. Etzkorn, Letha H. Li, Wei Cox, Glenn TI Assessing design instability in iterative (agile) object-oriented projects SO JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE AND EVOLUTION-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE object-oriented software stability; object-oriented software evolution; software entropy metrics; system design instability; agile process; case study ID EVOLUTION; VALIDATION; METRICS AB Assessing progress and stability in rapid, highly iterative and agile object-oriented software development processes is difficult because program evolution appears somewhat disorderly. With agile software development methods, the expected time to reach software stability is obscured by the dynamic nature of the agile process itself. The System Design Instability (SDI) metric was developed to help analyze object-oriented software evolution under these conditions. In this paper we examine a new version of SDI, called SDIe, based on the maximum entropy in a system. We believe our new measure is easier to calculate than the original version of SDI since it is based on data that are more commonly available than those used by SDI; also, SDIe gives a more accurate indication of software stability and maturity since it suffers less from data spikes. To validate the new metric, we use maintenance data from a commercial software project, developed using an agile process; these are the same data that were collected and analyzed in the original SDI study. In addition, we apply the refined SDI metric to the evolution of a well-established, open-source, iteratively-developed software product. The results of our case study indicate our new SDIe metric is a viable measure of system design stability. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Army Space & Missile Def Command, SMDC RDTI S, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. Univ Alabama, Comp Sci Dept, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Olague, HM (reprint author), US Army Space & Missile Def Command, SMDC RDTI S, POB 1500, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. EM hector.olague@smdc.army.mil NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1532-060X EI 2047-7481 J9 J SOFTW MAINT EVOL-R JI J. Softw. Maint. Evol.-Res. Pract. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 237 EP 266 DI 10.1002/smr.332 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 079EH UT WOS:000240157800001 ER PT J AU Russell, GW Strobel, F AF Russell, Gerald W. Strobel, Forrest TI Modeling approach for intumescing charring heatshield materials SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB Intumescing heatshield materials have been shown to provide significant thermal protection for missile system environments. The design and use of these materials requires the analytic understanding of a considerable level of thermodynamic phenomena occurring on the surface as well as in-depth. These phenomena can include in-depth thermochemical decomposition, pyrolysis gas generation and mass transfer, thermophysical property change, thermochemical and mechanical ablation, intumescence or conduction path growth, and boundary-layer modification due to pyrolysis gas injection or surface reactions. The current state of the art for modeling thermochemically decomposing heatshield materials is enhanced through the addition of intumescent behavior effects to the Aerotherm Charring Material Thermal Response and Ablation Program (CMA). State-of-the-art real-time radiography methods along with embedded thermocouples were utilized in a radiant heating environment to obtain in-depth thermochemical decomposition, thermal response, and intumescence. The resulting intumescence model was applied and validated for a low-shear hypersonic high-altitude environment. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, AMSRD, AMR,PS,PI, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. ITT Ind, Adv Engn Sci, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RP Russell, GW (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, AMSRD, AMR,PS,PI, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 43 IS 4 BP 739 EP 749 DI 10.2514/1.15153 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 071YY UT WOS:000239641000004 ER PT J AU Kuklo, TR Potter, BK Bell, RS Moquin, RR Rosner, MK AF Kuklo, Timothy R. Potter, Benjamin K. Bell, Randy S. Moquin, Ross R. Rosner, Michael K. TI Single-stage treatment of pyogenic spinal infection with titanium mesh cages SO JOURNAL OF SPINAL DISORDERS & TECHNIQUES LA English DT Review DE pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis; single-stage; titanium; spine; junctional hyphosis ID VERTEBRAL OSTEOMYELITIS; SURGICAL-MANAGEMENT; LUMBAR SPINE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-EPIDERMIDIS; POSTERIOR STABILIZATION; ANTERIOR DEBRIDEMENT; BONE-GRAFT; COLONIZATION; FUSION; INSTRUMENTATION AB Study Design: Single institution retrospective review Objectives: To report a series of pyogenic spinal infections treated with single-stage debridement and reconstruction with titanium mesh cages. Summary of Background Data: Various studies have reported surgical results of pyogenic spinal osteomyelitis with anterior debridement, strut grafting and fusion, including delayed posterior spinal instrumentation. Additionally, various authors have recommended against the use of instrumentation because of the concern about glycocalyx formation on the metal and chronic infection. At our institution, we routinely treat chronic vertebral osteomyelitis with single-stage debridement, reconstruction with a titanium mesh cage filled with allograft chips and demineralized bone matrix, and posterior pedicle screw instrumentation. To our knowledge, this is the largest single series reporting single-stage debridement and instrumentation of pyogenic spinal infection with titanium mesh cages and posterior instrumentation. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the patient records and radiographs of 21 consecutive patients (average age 49.3 years, range 23 to 80 years) with pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis, all treated with titanium mesh cages. Average follow-up was 44 months (range, 25 to 70 months). Spinal levels included 6 thoracic, 4 thoracolumbar, 9 lumbar, and 2 lumbosacral (L5-S1) lesions. All patients had preoperative serum evaluation, which usually included blood cultures, complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP), in addition to plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging. A positive needle biopsy was available in only 2/7 patients (29%), and overall, preoperative pathogen identification was available in only 7/21 patients (33%). All patients were treated postoperatively with a minimum of 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotics, with a specific antibiotic regimen directed toward the postoperative pathogen when identified (17/21 cases). Extensive radiographic evaluation was also performed. Results: ESR and CRP were routinely elevated (18/20 and 11/17 cases respectively), whereas the white blood count was elevated in only 8 out of 21 cases (38%). The average duration of symptoms to diagnosis was approximately 13.6 weeks (range 3 weeks to 10 months). The indications for surgery included neurologic compromise, significant vertebral body destruction with loss of sagittal alignment, failure of medical treatment, and/ or epidural abscess. All patients had resolution of infection, as noted by normalization of the ESR and CRP. Further, 16 out of 21 patients also had a significant reduction of pain. There were no deaths or new postoperative neurologic compromise. The most common pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus. Two patients required a second surgery (posterior irrigation and debridement) during the same admission for persistent wound drainage. Radiographically, the average segmental kyphosis (or loss of lordosis) was 11.5 degrees (range, 0 to 24 degrees) preoperatively, and + 0.8 degrees (range, -3 to + 5 degrees) at latest postoperative follow-up. There was an average of 2.2 mm cage settling (range, 0 to 5 mm) on latest follow-up. There were no instrumentation failures, signs of chronic infection, or rejection. Conclusions: Titanium mesh cages present a viable option for single-stage anterior surgical debridement and reconstruction of vertebral osteomyelitis, without evidence of chronic infection or rejection. When used in conjunction with pedicle screw instrumentation, there is minimal cage settling without loss of sagittal alignment. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Clin 5A, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Neurosurg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Kuklo, TR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Clin 5A, 6900 Georgia Ave NW,Bldg 2, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Timothy.Kuklo@na.amedd.army.mil NR 30 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1536-0652 J9 J SPINAL DISORD TECH JI J. Spinal Disord. Tech. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 19 IS 5 BP 376 EP 382 DI 10.1097/01.bsd.0000203945.03922.f6 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 063TY UT WOS:000239043800015 PM 16826013 ER PT J AU Beekley, MD Abe, T Kondo, M Midorikawa, T Yamauchi, T AF Beekley, MD Abe, T Kondo, M Midorikawa, T Yamauchi, T TI Comparison of normalized maximum aerobic capacity and body composition of SUMO wrestlers to athletes in combat and other sports SO JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE oxygen uptake; skeletal muscle mass; fat-free mass; fat mass ID JAPANESE ADULTS; OXYGEN-UPTAKE; JUDO TEAM; PERFORMANCE; STRENGTH; MASS AB Sumo wrestling is unique in combat sport, and in all of sport. We examined the maximum aerobic capacity and body composition of sumo wrestlers and compared them to untrained controls. We also compared "aerobic muscle quality", meaning VO2max normalized to predicted skeletal muscle mass (SMM) (VO2max/SMM), between sumo wrestlers and controls and among previously published data for male athletes from combat, aerobic, and power sports. Sumo wrestlers, compared to untrained controls, had greater (p < 0.05) body mass (mean +/- SD; 117.0 +/- 4.9 vs. 56.1 +/- 9.8 kg), percent fat (24.0 +/- 1.4 vs. 13.3 +/- 4.5), fat-free mass (88.9 +/- 4.2 vs. 48.4 +/- 6.8 kg), predicted SMM (48.2 +/- 2.9 vs. 20.6 +/- 4.7 kg) and absolute VO2max (3.6 +/- 1.3 vs. 2.5 +/- 0.7 L.min(-1)). Mean VO2max/SMM (ml.kg SMM-1.min(-1)) was significantly different (p < 0.05) among aerobic athletes (164.8 +/- 18.3), combat athletes (which was not different from untrained controls; 131.4 +/- 9.3 and 128.6 +/- 13.6, respectively), power athletes (96.5 +/- 5.3), and sumo wrestlers (71.4 +/- 5.3). There was a strong negative correlation (r = -0.75) between percent body fat and VO2max/SMM (p < 0.05). We conclude that sumo wrestlers have some of the largest percent body fat and fat-free mass and the lowest "aerobic muscle quality" (VO2max/SMM), both in combat sport and compared to aerobic and power sport athletes. Additionally, it appears from analysis of the relationship between SMM and absolute VO2max for all sports that there is a "ceiling" at which increases in SMM do not result in additional increases in absolute VO2max. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Phys Educ, West Point, NY 10996 USA. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Exercise & Sport Sci, Tokyo 158, Japan. Nihon Univ, Dept Exercise Physiol, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Human Ecol, Tokyo, Japan. RP Beekley, MD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Phys Educ, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM matt.beekley@usma.edu; abebe@comp.metro-u.ac.jp; midorikawa-taisi@c.metro-u.ac.jp; taro@humeco.m.u-tokyo.ac.jp NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOURNAL SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE PI BURSA PA MEDICAL FACULTY ULUDAG UNIV, DEPT SPORTS MEDICINE, BURSA, 16059, TURKEY SN 1303-2968 J9 J SPORT SCI MED JI J. Sport. Sci. Med. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 5 SI SI BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 057UJ UT WOS:000238620400004 PM 24357971 ER PT J AU Shirreffs, SM Sawka, MN Stone, M AF Shirreffs, SM Sawka, MN Stone, M TI Water and electrolyte needs for football training and match-play SO JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Consensus Conference on Nutrition for Football CY AUG, 2005 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP FIFA DE water balance; electrolyte balance; sweating; hydration; sodium ID FLUID BALANCE; TEAM SPORTS; SWEAT COMPOSITION; SOCCER PLAYERS; HEAT; EXERCISE; PERFORMANCE; COMPETITION; TENNIS; CRAMPS AB The high metabolic rates sustained by soccer players during training and match-play cause sweat to be produced in both warm and temperate environments. There is limited published information available on the effects of this sweat loss on performance in soccer. However, this limited information, together with knowledge of the effects of sweat loss in other sports with skill components as well as endurance and sprint components, suggests that the effects of sweating will be similar to the effects in these other activities. Therefore, the generalization that a body mass reduction equivalent to 2% should be the acceptable limit of sweat losses seems reasonable. This amount, or more, of sweat loss reflected in body mass loss is a common experience for some players. Sodium is the main electrolyte lost in sweat and the available data indicate considerable variability in sodium losses between players due to differences in sweating rate and sweat electrolyte concentration. Additionally, the extent of sodium loss is such that its replacement will be warranted for some of these players during training sessions and matches. Although soccer is a team sport, the great individual variability in sweat and electrolyte losses of players in the same training session or match dictates that individual monitoring to determine individual water and electrolyte requirements should be an essential part of a player's nutritional strategy. C1 Univ Loughborough, Sch Sport & Exercise Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. USA, Expt Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Manchester United Football Club, Manchester, Lancs, England. RP Shirreffs, SM (reprint author), Univ Loughborough, Sch Sport & Exercise Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. EM s.shirreffs@lboro.ac.uk NR 29 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-0414 J9 J SPORT SCI JI J. Sports Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 24 IS 7 BP 699 EP 707 DI 10.1080/02640410500482677 PG 9 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 049AR UT WOS:000237988200006 PM 16766499 ER PT J AU Chen, DH Zhou, FJ Cortez, ER AF Chen, Dar-Hao Zhou, Fujie Cortez, Edel R. TI Determination of load damage relationships through accelerated pavement testing SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE rutting; load damage exponents; accelerated pavement testing; overload damages AB This paper describes the effects of increased wheel loads on the performance of thin asphalt pavements. Twelve instrumented full-scale test pavements were built inside a temperature/moisture controlled environment, and subjected to accelerated trafficking by means of a Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS). The test sections had constant geometry and materials, but the subgrade soil type and moisture content varied. Since tests are in progress, only eight test pavements were used to determine load damage exponents (LDEs). Each test pavement had six test sections for different load levels (22 to 103.5 kN). An LDE model was developed to predict rutting as a function of structural number (SN), load repetitions, and load intensity. Good correlations between the model prediction and measurements were found as at least four test pavements have an R value higher than 90%. Four test pavements had LDEs higher than 7.8, indicating significant impact of loading on rutting performance. It is believed that the high LDEs obtained in this study were attributed to low structural capacity (or structural number, SN) of the test pavements. Thus, it demonstrates that the well known 4th-power law (LDE=4) is too conservative for low SN pavements. With 10% overloading, 4th-power law will underestimate the damage of these light pavements by approximately 68% as compared to those from 8th-power law. A general trend was observed, based on available data, for A-2-4 and A-4 soils that LDE increases with increasing moisture content. C1 Texas Dept Transportat, Austin, TX 78731 USA. Cent S Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Hunan, Peoples R China. Texas A&M Univ, Transport Inst, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, ERDC CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Chen, DH (reprint author), Texas Dept Transportat, 4203 Bull Creek 39, Austin, TX 78731 USA. EM dchen@dot.state.tx.us NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 34 IS 4 BP 312 EP 318 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 065YX UT WOS:000239197400007 ER PT J AU Lewis, FS Norton, SA Bradshaw, RD Lapa, J Grabenstein, JD AF Lewis, FS Norton, SA Bradshaw, RD Lapa, J Grabenstein, JD TI Analysis of cases reported as generalized vaccinia during the US military smallpox vaccination program, December 2002 to December 2004 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; COMPLICATIONS; EXPERIENCE; SURVEILLANCE; VIREMIA; VIRUS AB Background: We evaluated military personnel who developed dermatologic reactions suggestive of generalized vaccinia (GV) after smallpox vaccination. Methods: We conducted surveillance and retrospective analysis of cases from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (a passive reporting system managed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), and the military's preventive medicine channels, vaccine healthcare centers, clinical laboratory network, dermatology clinics, and pathology departments from December 2002 to December 2004. Results. Of 74 cases investigated in 753,226 vaccinations, 50 (67.6%) met the case definition of possible GV (rate 66/million), 95% confidence interval (49-88/miltion), consistent with historically reported rates. Cases of possible GV occurred more frequently in primary vaccinees (81/million) than in those revaccinated (32/million) (relative risk 2.6, 95% confidence interval 1.2-5.9, P =.013). None met the case definition of probable or confirmed GV, including 15 with virologically negative laboratory evaluations (eg, culture, skin biopsy, or polymerase chain reaction). Limitations. The methods of case collection and retrospective nature of this study are its limitations. The clinical diagnosis of possible GV was made on the basis of the authors' interpretation of clinical notes and adverse events submitted by more than 100 different providers. Only 15 of the 74 cases of possible GV had laboratory attempts for virological confirmation. Conclusion: GV is still a rarely reported complication of smallpox vaccination. True GV, strictly defined, may be even less common than previously reported. We named one self-limited dermatologic manifestation confused with GV "postvaccinial nonviral pustulosis." Properly screened individuals considering smallpox vaccination may be assured most exanthemata after vaccination are benign. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. USA, Med Command, Mil Vaccine Agcy, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Lewis, FS (reprint author), 231 Little Quarry Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM felisa.lewis@na.amedd.army.mil NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 55 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.04.017 PG 9 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 058BV UT WOS:000238640200002 PM 16781288 ER PT J AU Paliwal, B Ramesh, KT McCauley, JW AF Paliwal, B Ramesh, KT McCauley, JW TI Direct observation of the dynamic compressive failure of a transparent polycrystalline ceramic (AlON) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STRAIN-RATE; BRITTLE MATERIALS; MODEL; FRAGMENTATION; STRENGTH; GROWTH AB High-speed photography has been used to observe the dynamic failure of uncoated and Cr-coated transparent polycrystalline aluminum oxynitride (AlON) material, undergoing uniaxial, high-strain rate compression with a modified compression Kolsky bar technique. The high-speed photographs are correlated in time with measurements of the stresses in the specimen. In the fully transparent samples, the dynamic activation, growth, and coalescence of cracks and resulting damage zones from spatially separated internal defects have been directly observed and correlated to the macroscopic loss of the load-carrying capacity and ultimate catastrophic failure of this material. Identical experiments on the coated material only show the dynamic progressive failure on the specimen surface and do not show the origin of the failure images at the internal defects. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21078 USA. RP Paliwal, B (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM bpaliwal@jhu.edu NR 19 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 89 IS 7 BP 2128 EP 2133 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.00965.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 055GT UT WOS:000238438900010 ER PT J AU Lee, JK Grace, KA Taylor, AJ AF Lee, Jeannie K. Grace, Karen A. Taylor, Allen J. TI How should we measure medication adherence in clinical trials and practice? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr Pharm, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Lee, JK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr Pharm, 6900 Georgia Ave,NW Bldg 2,Room 2P02, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM jeannie.lee@na.amedd.army.mil NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 2215 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1544-3191 J9 J AM PHARM ASSOC JI J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 4 BP 420 EP 423 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA V43ZA UT WOS:000202971800001 PM 16913381 ER PT J AU Zhou, F Wright, TW Ramesh, KT AF Zhou, F. Wright, T. W. Ramesh, K. T. TI The formation of multiple adiabatic shear bands SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE high-rate plastic deformation; adiabatic shear banding; multiple shear band formation; band spacing; numerical simulation ID THERMOVISCOPLASTIC MATERIALS; SELF-ORGANIZATION; ONE DIMENSION; LOCALIZATION; DEFORMATION; INSTABILITY; STRAIN; LAW AB In a previous paper, Zhou et al. [2006. A numerical methodology for investigating adiabatic shear band formation. J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 54, 904-926] developed a numerical method for analyzing one-dimensional deformation of thermoviscoplastic materials. The method uses a second order algorithm for integration along characteristic lines, and computes the plastic flow after complete localization with high resolution and efficiency. We apply this numerical scheme to analyze localization in a thermoviscoplastic material where multiple shear bands are allowed to form at random locations in a large specimen. As a shear band develops, it unloads neighboring regions and interacts with other bands. Beginning with a random distribution of imperfections, which might be imagined as arising qualitatively from the microstructure, we obtain the average spacing of shear bands through calculations and compare our results with previously existing theoretical estimates. It is found that the spacing between nucleating shear bands follows the perturbation theory due to Wright and Ockendon [1996. A scaling law for the effect of inertia on the formation of adiabatic shear bands. Int. J. Plasticity 12, 927-934], whereas the spacing between mature shear bands is closer to that predicted by the momentum diffusion theory of Grady and Kipp [1987. The growth of unstable thermoplastic shear with application to steady-wave shock compression in solids. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 35, 95-119]. Scaling laws for the dependence of band spacing on material parameters differ in many respects from either theory. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Zhou, F (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM fzhou@jhu.edu NR 25 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD JUL PY 2006 VL 54 IS 7 BP 1376 EP 1400 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2006.01.006 PG 25 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 047YL UT WOS:000237914500004 ER PT J AU Martini, WZ Dubick, MA Pusateri, AE Park, MS Ryan, KL Holcomb, JB AF Martini, Wenjun Z. Dubick, Michael A. Pusateri, Anthony E. Park, Myung S. Ryan, Kathy L. Holcomb, John B. TI Does bicarbonate correct coagulation function impaired by acidosis in swine? SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Eastern-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY JAN 10-14, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Eastern Assco Surg Trauma DE trauma; fibrinogen; platelets; thromboelastography; thrombin generation ID BLOOD-COAGULATION; TRAUMA PATIENTS; SODIUM-BICARBONATE; PLATELET-FUNCTION; HYPOTHERMIA; COAGULOPATHY; TEMPERATURE; FIBRINOGEN; HEMOPHILIA; LAPAROTOMY AB Background: Coagulopathy is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in trauma patients. Acidosis contributes to coagulopathy. Acidosis can be neutralized with intravascular bicarbonate, but it is unclear if the coagulation defect is rapidly reversed. The effects of acidosis and bicarbonate neutralization on coagulation function were investigated in vivo. Methods: Acidosis was induced in 12 pigs by infusing 0.2 mol/L HCl to pH 7.1. Pigs were then infused with either LR to maintain a pH of 7.1 (A-LR, n = 6) or 0.3 mol/L bicarbonate to a pH of 7.4 (A-Bi, n = 6). Blood samples were taken at base-line, 15 minutes after acidosis induction, and 15 minutes after bicarbonate neutralization. Coagulation function was assessed by prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), thrombin generation, initial clot formation time (R), clotting rapidity (a), and clot strength (MA). Results: Compared with baseline values, acidosis reduced fibrinogen concentration to 66% +/- 2% in A-LR and to 71 % +/- 3 % in A-Bi, and decreased platelet counts to 49% +/- 4% in A-LR and to 53% +/- 4% in A-Bi. Thrombin generation decreased to 60% 4% in A-LR and to 53% +/- 7% in A-Bi. Acidosis prolonged PT and PTT about 20 % and decreased a and MA. After pH neutralization, fibrinogen and platelet levels remained depleted and no reversal of acidosis-induced changes in thrombin generation, PT, PTT, alpha, and MA were observed. Conclusion: Acidosis impaired coagulation by depleting fibrinogen and platelets and by inhibiting clotting kinetics. The deficit associated with acidosis was not reversed with bicarbonate pH neutralization. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Martini, WZ (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM wenjun.martini@amedd.army.mil NR 41 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUL PY 2006 VL 61 IS 1 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000215574.99093.22 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 065TV UT WOS:000239183600022 PM 16832255 ER PT J AU Kauvar, DS Holcomb, JB Norris, GC Hess, JR AF Kauvar, David S. Holcomb, John B. Norris, Gary C. Hess, John R. TI Fresh whole blood transfusion: A controversial military practice SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma/Japanese-Association-for- Acute-Medicine CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2004 CL Maui, HI SP Amer Assoc Surg Trauma, Japanese Assoc Acute Med ID MASSIVE TRANSFUSION; COMBAT CASUALTIES; TRAUMA PATIENTS; COAGULOPATHY; PERFORMANCE; EXPERIENCE; MORTALITY; ARMY AB The transfusion of fresh whole blood (FWB) for trauma-induced coagulopathy is unusual in civilian practice. However, US military physicians have used FWB in every combat operation since the practice was introduced in World War I and continue to do so during current military operations. We discuss our review of all blood products administered to US military casualties in Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) between March and December 2003. FWB transfusions were most frequent when demands for massive transfusions wiped out existing blood supplies. FWB patients had the highest blood product requirements; however, mortality did not differ significantly between FWB and non-FWB patients overall or for massively transfused patients. We review the current military practice of FWB transfusion in combat theaters and conclude that FWB transfusion is convenient, safe, and effective in certain military situations. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, Blood Program, Off Surg Gen, Falls Church, VA USA. Univ Maryland, Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Kauvar, DS (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM david.kauvar@amedd.army.mil NR 35 TC 101 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUL PY 2006 VL 61 IS 1 BP 181 EP 184 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000222671.84335.64 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 065TV UT WOS:000239183600040 PM 16832268 ER PT J AU Holcomb, JB Kheirabadi, BS Wade, CE AF Holcomb, John B. Kheirabadi, Bijan S. Wade, Charles E. TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Holcomb, JB (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUL PY 2006 VL 61 IS 1 BP 241 EP 241 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000229717.41337.5a PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 065TV UT WOS:000239183600061 ER PT J AU Warren, KS Chodak, GW See, WA Iverson, P McLeod, D Wirth, M Morris, C Armstrong, J AF Warren, KS Chodak, GW See, WA Iverson, P McLeod, D Wirth, M Morris, C Armstrong, J TI Are bone scans necessary in men with low prostate specific antigen levels following localized therapy? SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate-specific antigen; prostatic neoplasms; neoplasm metastasis; bone and bones; radionuclide imaging ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; CANCER; SCINTIGRAPHY; ADENOCARCINOMA; METASTASES; RECURRENCE; GRADE AB Purpose: The prostate specific antigen level at which to recommend a bone scan after treatment of early prostate cancer is controversial. We identified the incidence of bone metastases at varying prostate specific antigen levels in asymptomatic men following radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy and watchful waiting. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from the Early Prostate Cancer trial comparing placebo with bicalutamide in addition to standard care for localized prostate cancer. As part of the trial patients were required to have routine bone scans regardless of prostate specific antigen levels. The prostate specific antigen levels were divided into subgroups and the incidence of positive bone scans was calculated for each group. Results: The incidence of positive bone scans in patients treated with watchful waiting and given bicalutamide or placebo was low (0.7% to 3.2%) at prostate specific antigen levels less than 20 ng/ml. At greater than this level the sample sizes were smaller but there was a significant increase in the incidence of positive bone scans. In the groups treated with radiation therapy or radical prostatectomy, regardless of the addition of bicalutamide, the incidence of positive bone scans was low (0.2% to 1.4%) at prostate specific antigen levels less than 5 ng/ml. The sample sizes were smaller at prostate specific antigen levels greater than 5 ng/ml so the results are harder to interpret. Conclusions: Bone scans can be confidently eliminated in the followup of patients with early prostate cancer after standard care of those with prostate specific antigen levels less than 5 ng/ml. This level can be increased to 20 ng/ml with caution in those patients treated with watchful waiting. C1 Midwest Urol Fdn, Dept Urol, Chicago, IL 60640 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, D-8027 Dresden, Germany. AstraZeneca, Chester, Cheshire, England. RP Warren, KS (reprint author), Midwest Urol Fdn, Dept Urol, 4646 N Marine Dr, Chicago, IL 60640 USA. EM katherinewarren@hotmail.com NR 20 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 176 IS 1 BP 70 EP 73 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(06)00633-1 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 053IE UT WOS:000238298000018 PM 16753371 ER PT J AU McLeod, DG See, WA Klimberg, I Gleason, D Chodak, G Montie, J Bernstein, G Morris, C Armstrong, J AF McLeod, DG See, WA Klimberg, I Gleason, D Chodak, G Montie, J Bernstein, G Morris, C Armstrong, J CA Casodex Early Prostate Canc Triali TI The bicalutamide 150 mg early prostate cancer program: Findings of the North American trial at 7.7-year median followup SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; androgen antagonists; prostatic neoplasms; clinical trials; bicalutamide ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; IMMEDIATE THERAPY; STANDARD CARE; MONOTHERAPY; CASTRATION; DATABASE; ADJUVANT; ANTIGEN; ERA AB Purpose: We describe the results of North American Trial 23 of the bicalutamide (Casodex (TM)) early prostate cancer program in the context of the overall early prostate cancer program findings. Materials and Methods: In Trial 23, 3,292 men with T1b-4, NO-Nx (N+ not allowed) M0 prostate cancer who had undergone radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy at 96 specialist referral centers in the United States (2,974) and Canada (318) were randomized 1:1 to 150 mg bicalutamide daily or placebo in addition to standard care for 2 years. Results: In Trial 23 at a 7.7-year median followup there were few clinical events in the bicalutamide or standard care groups and the rates of objective progression were 15.4% and 15.3%, respectively. Mortality rates were 12.9% in the treatment group and 12.3% in the standard care group, including 11.2% and 11.0% for nonprostate cancer deaths in the absence of objective progression and 1.6% and 0.9%, respectively, for mortality due to prostate cancer. No differences in the primary end points (objective progression-free and overall survival) were seen between patients treated with bicalutamide and those treated with standard care alone. Bicalutamide (150 mg) significantly improved time to PSA progression (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.90, p < 0.001). The tolerability profile of bicalutamide was similar to that previously described. Conclusions: In Trial 23 the current data suggest that early or adjuvant therapy may not benefit patients at low risk for recurrence, such as those with localized disease. The findings of Trial 23 contrast with the results in the overall early prostate cancer program and in other published literature, in which bicalutamide has been shown to provide significant clinical benefit for locally advanced disease. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Urol, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Urol Ctr Florida, Ocala, FL USA. Adv Clin Therapeut Inc, Tucson, AZ USA. Weiss Mem Hosp, Prostate & Urol Hlth Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, Hlth Syst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. RP McLeod, DG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Bldg 2, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM david.meleod@na.amedd.army.mil NR 16 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 176 IS 1 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(06)00495-2 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 053IE UT WOS:000238298000020 PM 16753373 ER PT J AU Jacobs, RN Robinson, EW Stoltz, AJ Dinan, JH Salamanca-Riba, L AF Jacobs, R. N. Robinson, E. W. Stoltz, A. J. Dinan, J. H. Salamanca-Riba, L. TI Reduction of laser-induced roughness in a-Si : H surfaces for vacuum compatible lithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 04, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS-SILICON; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; CRYSTALLIZATION; DEHYDROGENATION; HGCDTE AB A vacuum compatible lithography technique has recently been demonstrated, whereby amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H) films are used as a resist. Following plasma deposition of the a-Si:H film, poly-Si patterns are generated on the surface by excimer laser exposure through a projection mask. Development is then carried out by hydrogen plasma etching for which etch. selectivities of over 1000:1 have been achieved between a-Si:H and poly-Si regions. However, the roughness induced by excimer laser irradiation can be well over ten times that of the as-deposited a-Si:H surface. This is problematic because the roughness may be transfer-red to underlying device layers during subsequent pattern transfer plasma etching. We have developed a stepwise laser irradiation procedure that reduces the surface roughness by an order of magnitude to a level of similar to 1 nm. This value is approximately equal to the surface roughness for the as-deposited a-Si:H film. The irradiation procedure uses multiple pulses with progressive increases in the energy density, in contrast to the single high energy density pulses previously used. Transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are used to understand and confirm the mechanism behind this process. Our data suggest that the observed reduction in roughness is due both to smaller grain sizes and to a slow rate of H removal from the film surface. The results may also hold significance for other applications of laser processed a-Si:H, even where different film properties are desired. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 USA, RDECOM CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directora, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jacobs, RN (reprint author), USA, RDECOM CERDEC Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directora, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. EM info@nvl.army.mil RI Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/B-3785-2009 OI Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/0000-0001-8155-6403 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1684 EP 1689 DI 10.1116/1.2172938 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 063VN UT WOS:000239048100145 ER PT J AU Wang, HT Jang, S Anderson, T Chen, JJ Kang, BS Ren, F Herrero, A Gerger, AM Gila, BP Pearton, SJ Shen, H LaRoche, JR Smith, KV AF Wang, Hung-Ta Jang, S. Anderson, T. Chen, J. J. Kang, B. S. Ren, F. Herrero, A. Gerger, A. M. Gila, B. P. Pearton, S. J. Shen, H. LaRoche, Jeffrey R. Smith, Kurt V. TI Improved Au Schottky contacts on GaAs using cryogenic metal deposition SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID MULTILAYER OHMIC CONTACTS; HEMTS; TEMPERATURES; PERFORMANCE; RESISTANCE; F(T); GAN AB The use of low temperatures (similar to 77 K) during Au Schottky contact deposition onto n-GaAs produces an increase in barrier height from 0.73 eV for room temperature diodes to 0.82 eV. There is no evidence of drift in the forward current in either type of diode and the low temperature deposited samples show smoother Au layers and more abrupt Au/GaAs interfaces as determined by x-ray reflectivity measurements. Both types of diodes show surface and bulk contributions to the reverse bias current. The diodes with Au deposited at cryogenic temperature did show higher ideality factors, which may result from contaminants gettered to the cold GaAs surface. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Res Labs, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Raytheon RF Components, Andover, MA 01810 USA. RP Wang, HT (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1799 EP 1802 DI 10.1116/1.2213270 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 075MV UT WOS:000239890000019 ER PT J AU Ulrich, MD Rowe, JE Keister, JW AF Ulrich, M. D. Rowe, J. E. Keister, J. W. TI Comparison of ultrathin SiO2/Si(100) and SiO2/Si(111) interfaces from soft x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces CY JAN 15-19, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP USA Res Off, AVS ID CORE-LEVEL SHIFTS; PLASMA-ASSISTED OXIDATION; SI(001)-SIO2 INTERFACE; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; SI/SIO2 INTERFACE; SI; TEMPERATURE; SUBOXIDES; STACKS; X-1 AB The limitations of soft x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SXPS) for determining structural information of the SiO2/Si interface for device-grade ultrathin (similar to 6-22 angstrom) films of SiO2 prepared from crystalline silicon by remote plasma assisted oxidation are explored. The main focus of this article is the limitation of data analysis and sensitivity to structural parameters. In particular, annealing data shows a significant decrease in the integrated density of suboxide bonding arrangements as determined from analysis of SXPS data. These decreases and changes are interpreted as evidence for reorganization of specific interface bonding arrangements due to the annealing process. Moreover, these results suggest that sample preparation and processing history are both critical for defining the nature of the SiO2/Si interface, and therefore its electrical properties. Quantitative estimates of the interface state densities are derived from SXPS data revealing similar to 2 monolayers (ML) of suboxide as prepared and similar to 1.5 ML of suboxide after rapid thermal annealing at 900 degrees C for both Si(100) and Si(111) substrates. Comparison of the individual suboxide bonding state densities indicate for both Si substrate crystallographic orientations that annealing causes a self-organization of the suboxide consistent with bond constraint theory. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 USA, Res Off, Div Phys, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. SFA Inc, NSLS Dept, Brookhaven Natl Labs, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ulrich, MD (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Div Phys, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM marc.ulrich@us.army.mil NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 2132 EP 2137 DI 10.1116/1.2218865 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 075MV UT WOS:000239890000077 ER PT J AU Fox, CJ Gillespie, DL Weber, MA Cox, MW Hawksworth, JS Cryer, CM Rich, NM O'Donnell, SD AF Fox, Charles J. Gillespie, David L. Weber, Michael A. Cox, Mitchell W. Hawksworth, Jason S. Cryer, Chad M. Rich, Norman M. O'Donnell, Sean D. TI Delayed evaluation of combat-related penetrating neck trauma SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Vascular-Surgery/American-Association-for-Vascular-Surgery CY JUN 17, 2005 CL Chicago, IL SP Soc Vascular Surg, Amer Assoc Vascular Surg ID SELECTIVE MANAGEMENT; VASCULAR INJURIES; PHYSICAL-EXAMINATION; ARTERIAL TRAUMA; CT ANGIOGRAPHY; EXPERIENCE; WOUNDS; REPAIR; EMBOLIZATION; EXPLORATION AB Objective: The approach to penetrating trauma of the head and neck has undergone significant evolution and offers unique challenges during wartime. Military munitions produce complex injury patterns that challenge conventional diagnosis and management. Mass casualties may not allow for routine exploration of all stable cervical blast injuries. The objective of this study was to review the delayed evaluation of combat-related penetrating neck trauma in patients after evacuation to the United States. Method: From February 2003 through April 2005, a series of patients with military-associated penetrating cervical trauma were evacuated to a single institution, prospectively entered into a database, and retrospectively reviewed. Results: Suspected vascular injury from penetrating neck trauma occurred in 63 patients. Injuries were to zone 11 in 33%, zone III in 33%, and zone I in 11%. The remaining injuries involved multiple zones, including the lower face or posterior neck. Explosive devices wounded 50 patients (79%), 13 (21%) had high-velocity gunshot wounds, and 19 (30%) had associated intracranial or cervical spine injury. Of the 39 patients (62%) who underwent emergent neck exploration in Iraq or Afghanistan, 21 had 24 injuries requiring ligation (18), vein interposition or primary repair (4), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft interposition (1), or patch angioplasty (1). Injuries occurred to the carotid, vertebral, or innominate arteries, or the jugular vein. After evacuation to the United States, all patients underwent radiologic evaluation of the head and neck vasculature. Computed tomography angiography was performed in 45 patients (71%), including six zone II injuries without prior exploration. Forty (63%) underwent diagnostic arteriography that detected pseudoaneurysms (5) or occlusions (8) of the carotid and vertebral arteries. No occult venous injuries were noted. Delayed evaluation resulted in the detection of 12 additional occult injuries and one graft thrombosis in 11 patients. Management included observation (5), vein or PTFE graft repair (3), coil embolization (2), or ligation (1). Conclusions. Penetrating multiple fragment injury to the head and neck is common during wartime. Computed tomography angiography is useful in the delayed evaluation of stable patients, but retained fragments produce suboptimal imaging in the zone of injury. Arteriography remains the imaging study of choice to evaluate for cervical vascular trauma, and its use should be liberalized for combat injuries. Stable injuries may not require immediate neck exploration; however, the high prevalence of occult injuries discovered in this review underscores the need for a complete re-evaluation upon return to the United States. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Vasc Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Vasc Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Fox, CJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Vasc Surg Serv, Bldg 2,Ward 64,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Charles.Fox@na.amedd.army.mil OI Gillespie, David/0000-0002-4378-9465 NR 42 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 IS 1 BP 86 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.jvs.2006.02.058 PG 7 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 060SK UT WOS:000238821700015 PM 16828429 ER PT J AU Mohamadzadeh, M Coberley, SS Olinger, GG Kalina, WV Ruthel, G Fuller, CL Swenson, DL Pratt, WD Kuhns, DB Schmaljohn, AL AF Mohamadzadeh, M Coberley, SS Olinger, GG Kalina, WV Ruthel, G Fuller, CL Swenson, DL Pratt, WD Kuhns, DB Schmaljohn, AL TI Activation of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 on human neutrophils by Marburg and Ebola viruses SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; PROTECT GUINEA-PIGS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; DENDRITIC CELLS; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; INFECTED PATIENTS; IMMUNITY; TREM-1; PATHOGENESIS AB Marburg virus (MARV) and Ebola virus (EBOV), members of the viral family Filoviridae, cause fatal hemorrhagic fevers in humans and nonhuman primates. High viral burden is coincident with inadequate adaptive immune responses and robust inflammatory responses, and virus-mediated dysregulation of early host defenses has been proposed. Recently, a novel class of innate receptors called the triggering receptors expressed in myeloid cells (TREM) has been discovered and shown to play an important role in innate inflammatory responses and sepsis. Here, we report that MARV and EBOV activate TREM-1 on human neutrophils, resulting in DAP12 phosphorylation, TREM-1 shedding, mobilization of intracellular calcium, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, and phenotypic changes. A peptide specific to TREM-1 diminished the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha by filovirus-activated human neutrophils in vitro, and a soluble recombinant TREM-1 competitively inhibited the loss of cell surface TREM-1 that otherwise occurred on neutrophils exposed to filoviruses. These data imply direct activation of TREM-1 by filoviruses and also indicate that neutrophils may play a prominent role in the immune and inflammatory responses to filovirus infections. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Natl Canc Inst, Frederick, MD USA. RP Mohamadzadeh, M (reprint author), USAMRIID, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM Mansour.Mohamadzadeh@amedd.army.mil OI Olinger, Gene/0000-0001-7338-0292 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-12400, N01CO12400]; NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI059590, AI 59590-01] NR 44 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 80 IS 14 BP 7235 EP 7244 DI 10.1128/JVI.00543-06 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 059ZF UT WOS:000238770000052 PM 16809329 ER PT J AU Dawsey, WJ Minsker, BS VanBlaricum, VL AF Dawsey, WJ Minsker, BS VanBlaricum, VL TI Bayesian belief networks to integrate monitoring evidence of water distribution system contamination SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID DATA FUSION; TCE SITES; STATIONS; MODELS AB A Bayesian belief network (BBN) methodology is proposed for combining evidence to better characterize contamination events and reduce false positive sensor detections in drinking water distribution systems. A BBN is developed that integrates sensor data with other validating evidence of contamination scenarios. This network is used to graphically express the causal relationships between events such as operational changes or a true contaminant release and consequent observable evidence in an example distribution system. In the BBN methodology proposed here, multiple computer simulations of contaminant transport are used to estimate the prior probabilities of a positive sensor detection. These simulations are run over multiple combinations of possible source locations and initial mass injections for a conservative solute. This approach provides insight into the effect of uncertainties in source mass and location on the detection probability of the sensors. In addition, the simulations identify the upstream nodes that are more likely to result in positive detections. The BBN incorporates the probabilities that result from these simulations, and the network is updated to reflect three demonstration scenarios-a false positive and two true positive sensor detections. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Corps Engineers, ERDC, Champaign, IL USA. RP Dawsey, WJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM dawsey@uiuc.edu; minsker@uiuc.edu; vicki.l.vanblaricum@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 132 IS 4 BP 234 EP 241 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2006)132:4(234) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 055DL UT WOS:000238430100005 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, Edwin B. TI Babylon by bus: Or, the true story of two friends who gave up their valuable franchise selling YANKEES SUCK T-shirts at Fenway to find meaning and adventure in Iraq. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 131 IS 12 BP 95 EP 95 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 062IG UT WOS:000238937200239 ER PT J AU Bowen, BW Bass, AL Muss, A Carlin, J Robertson, DR AF Bowen, B. W. Bass, A. L. Muss, A. Carlin, J. Robertson, D. R. TI Phylogeography of two Atlantic squirrelfishes (Family Holocentridae): exploring links between pelagic larval duration and population connectivity SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CORAL-REEF FISH; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; EARLY-LIFE HISTORIES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; OCEAN CURRENTS; RECRUITMENT PATTERNS; LAST DEGLACIATION; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; SELF-RECRUITMENT AB Genetic surveys of reef fishes have revealed high population connectivity within ocean basins, consistent with the assumption that pelagic larvae disperse long distances by oceanic currents. However, several recent studies have demonstrated that larval retention and self-recruitment may be higher than previously expected. To assess connectivity in tropical reef fishes, we contribute range-wide mtDNA surveys of two Atlantic squirrelfishes (family Holocentridae). The blackbar soldierfish, Myripristis jacobus, has a pelagic juvenile phase of about 58 days, compared to about 71 days (similar to 22% longer) in the longjaw squirrelfish, Holocentrus ascensionis. If the pelagic duration is guiding dispersal ability, M. jacobus should have greater population genetic structure than H. ascensionis. In comparisons of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences from 69 M. jacobus (744 bp) and 101 H. ascensionis (769 bp), both species exhibited a large number of closely related haplotypes (h=0.781 and 0.974, pi=0.003 and 0.006, respectively), indicating late Pleistocene coalescence of mtDNA lineages. Contrary to the prediction based on pelagic duration, M. jacobus has much less population structure (phi(ST)=0.008, P=0.228) than H. ascensionis (phi(ST)=0.091, P < 0.001). Significant population partitions in H. ascensionis were observed between eastern, central and western Atlantic, and between Brazil and the Caribbean in the western Atlantic. These results, in combination with the findings from 13 codistributed species, indicate that pelagic larval duration is a poor predictor of population genetic structure in Atlantic reef fishes. A key to understanding this disparity may be the evolutionary depth among corresponding taxonomic groups of "reef fishes", which extends back to the mid-Cretaceous and encompasses enormous diversity in ecology and life history. We should not expect a simple relationship between pelagic larval duration and genetic connectivity, among lineages that diverged 50-100 million years ago. C1 Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Whitman Coll, Dept Biol, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst Panama, APO, AA 34002 USA. RP Bowen, BW (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM bbowen@hawaii.edu NR 109 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 28 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 149 IS 4 BP 899 EP 913 DI 10.1007/s00227-006-0252-1 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 058SC UT WOS:000238683900018 ER PT J AU Davis, AW Evans, AG AF Davis, A. W. Evans, A. G. TI Effects of bond coat misfit strains on the rumpling of thermally grown oxides SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BARRIER COATINGS; DISPLACEMENT INSTABILITIES; MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION; FAILURE MECHANISMS; CYCLIC OXIDATION; SYSTEMS; MODEL; STRESS; ALLOYS; SIMULATIONS AB One factor governing the durability of thermal barrier systems is the concurrent thickening and elongation of the thermally grown oxide (TGO) upon temperature cycling. The elongation can cause cyclic rumpling of the TGO: influenced by oxide growth, bond coat phase transformations, substrate-bond coat interdiffusion, and constituent strengths. The individual effects of these phenomena cannot be understood by experiment alone. In the current study, simulations are conducted to isolate the effects of the misfit strains between the bond coat and substrate. These strains originate from thermal expansion mismatch, phase transformations, and bond coat swelling. For each calculation, the response of the system throughout an individual thermal cycle is linked to the stresses in the bond coat and TGO. Results obtained for representative misfit strains indicate that all three sources promote rumpling during the early stages, while phase transformations and thermal expansion mismatch are more prevalent upon extended cycling. These misfits also induce tensile stresses in the oxide large enough to cause cracking at high temperature. Further analysis has been used to assess the benefits of developing bond coats having lower phase transformation temperature, higher strength, and a more closely matched coefficient of thermal expansion. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Davis, AW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM drew.davis1@arl.army.mil NR 33 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 16 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 37A IS 7 BP 2085 EP 2095 DI 10.1007/BF02586129 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 060NM UT WOS:000238808900007 ER PT J AU Kameda, T Zikry, MA Rajendran, AM AF Kameda, T. Zikry, M. A. Rajendran, A. M. TI Modeling of grain-boundary effects and intergranular and transgranular failure in polycrystalline intermetallics SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ORDERED INTERMETALLICS; FRACTURE; MECHANISMS; ALLOYS; NI3AL AB A three-dimensional multiple-slip dislocation-density-based crystalline formulation and specialized finite-element formulation were used to investigate dislocation-density transmission and blockage in nickel-aluminide polycrystalline aggregates, which were subjected to dynamic loading conditions, with a macroscopic crack and different distributions of random low-angle and coincident site lattice (CSL) grain boundaries (GBs). An interfacial GB scheme was developed to determine whether dislocation-density pileups or transmissions occur as immobile and mobile dislocation densities evolve along different slip systems. The three-dimensional dislocation-density-based crystalline formulation is based on inter-related mechanisms that can occur due to the generation, trapping, interaction, and annihilation of mobile and immobile dislocation densities that are generally associated with large strain-high-strain-rate plasticity in L1(2)-ordered intermetallics. A crack-tip shielding factor was also formulated to delineate between transgranular and intergranular crack growth. The current results indicate that aggregates with a high frequency of Sigma 33a GBs would be susceptible to blunted transgranular crack growth due to high dislocation-density transmission rates and shear-stress accumulations, and that an aggregate with a high frequency of Sigma 17b GBs would be susceptible to sharp intergranular growth due to a large number of dislocation-density pileups and an accumulation of large normal stresses ahead of the crack tip. C1 Univ Tsukuba, Inst Engn Mech & Syst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Army Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Kameda, T (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Inst Engn Mech & Syst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. EM zikry@ncsu.edu RI Rajendran, Arunachalam/A-1615-2010 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 37A IS 7 BP 2107 EP 2115 DI 10.1007/BF02586131 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 060NM UT WOS:000238808900009 ER PT J AU Eisen, SA Karlinsky, J Jackson, LW Blanchard, M Kang, HK Murphy, FM Alpern, R Reda, DJ Toomey, R Battistone, MJ Parks, BJ Klimas, N Pak, HS Hunter, J Lyons, MJ Henderson, WG AF Eisen, Seth A. Karlinsky, Joel Jackson, Leila W. Blanchard, Melvin Kang, Han K. Murphy, Frances M. Alpern, Renee Reda, Domenic J. Toomey, Rosemary Battistone, Michael J. Parks, Becky J. Klimas, Nancy Pak, Hon S. Hunter, Joyce Lyons, Michael J. Henderson, William G. CA Gulf War Study Participating TI Spouses of Persian Gulf War I Veterans: Medical evaluation of a US cohort SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; VIETNAM VETERANS; HEALTH; ILLNESSES; PARTNERS; CRITERIA AB Ten years after the 1991 Persian Gulf War (GW I), a comprehensive evaluation of a national cohort of deployed veterans (DV) demonstrated a higher prevalence of several medical conditions, in comparison to a similarly identified cohort of non-deployed veterans (NDV). The present study determined the prevalence of medical conditions among nonveteran spouses of these GW I DV and NDV. A cohort of 490 spouses of GW I DV and 537 spouses of GW I NDV underwent comprehensive face-to-face examinations. No significant differences in health were detected except that spouses of DV were less likely to have one or more of a group of six common skin conditions. We conclude that, 10 years after GW I, the general physical health of spouses of GW I DV is similar to that of spouses of NDV. C1 St Louis Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Med Serv, St Louis, MO 63106 USA. St Louis Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Res Serv, St Louis, MO 63106 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Gen Med Sci, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Boston Healthcare Syst, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02130 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Environm Epidemiol Serv, Washington, DC 20420 USA. Vet Hlth Adm, Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC 20420 USA. US Dept Vet Affairs, Vet Affairs Edward Hines Jr Hosp, Cooperat Studies Program Coordinating Ctr, Hines, IL 60141 USA. Brockton Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Res Serv, Brockton, MA 02301 USA. Brockton Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Psychiat Serv, Brockton, MA 02301 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Mental Hlth Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Inst Psychiat Epidemiol & Genet, Boston, MA 02130 USA. Vet Affairs Salt Lake City Hlth Care Syst, Salt Lake City, UT 84148 USA. Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. St Louis Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Neurol Serv, St Louis, MO 63106 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Miami, FL 33125 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. W Palm Beach Vet Affairs Med Ctr, W Palm Beach, FL 33410 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Psychol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brockton W Roxbury Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Brockton, MA 02301 USA. RP Eisen, SA (reprint author), St Louis Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Med Serv, 151JC,915 N Grand Ave, St Louis, MO 63106 USA. RI Lyons, Michael/B-6119-2011; OI Lyons, Michael/0000-0001-6516-9219 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 171 IS 7 BP 613 EP 618 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 061IG UT WOS:000238864300010 PM 16895127 ER PT J AU Schmaling, KB Fonseca, CA Stoever, C Gutierrez, C Blume, AW Russell, ML AF Schmaling, Karen B. Fonseca, Carol A. Stoever, Colby Gutierrez, Casey Blume, Arthur W. Russell, Michael L. TI Variables associated with intimate partner violence in a deploying military sample SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID US-ARMY SOLDIERS; SPOUSAL AGGRESSION; DYADIC ADJUSTMENT; ABUSE; DEPLOYMENT; DRINKING; SCALES; RATES; RISK; CAGE AB Variables associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) were examined within a sample of military personnel preparing to deploy. Soldiers with intimate relationships processed for mobilization through Fort Bliss, Texas, completed a questionnaire that queried demographic information, relationship satisfaction, stress, risky alcohol use behaviors, and tactics used during intimate relationship conflict. Four hundred forty-nine deploying soldiers (15.8% of 2,841 with usable data) reported IPV in the past year. Younger age, less education, less relationship satisfaction, more stress, and risky alcohol use behaviors were significant individual predictors of engaging in EPV. The results of this study are discussed in terms of their implications for targeting efforts to reduce IPV among military personnel. C1 Univ Texas, El Paso, TX 79912 USA. Ft Bliss, El Paso, TX 79906 USA. RP Schmaling, KB (reprint author), Univ Texas, El Paso, TX 79912 USA. RI Schmaling, Karen/F-5217-2011 OI Schmaling, Karen/0000-0003-2085-134X NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 171 IS 7 BP 627 EP 631 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 061IG UT WOS:000238864300012 ER PT J AU Knapik, JJ Scott, SJ Sharp, MA Hauret, KG Darakjy, S Rieger, WR Palkoska, FA VanCamp, SE Jones, BH AF Knapik, Joseph J. Scott, Shawn J. Sharp, Marilyn A. Hauret, Keith G. Darakjy, Salima Rieger, William R. Palkoska, Frank A. VanCamp, Stephen E. Jones, Bruce H. TI The basis for prescribed ability group run speeds and distances in US Army Basic Combat Training SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EXERCISE-RELATED INJURIES; ENERGY-COST; PHYSICAL-FITNESS; RUNNING INJURIES; RISK-FACTORS; WOMEN; MEN; PERFORMANCE; WALKING; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB During the first few days of Army Basic Combat Training (BCT), recruits take a running test and after completing this test they are ranked from fast to slow. Four roughly equal-sized "ability groups" are established from these rankings and recruits run together in these groups for their physical training during BCT. In the past, there has been no formal guidance regarding how fast or how far these ability groups should run. To rill this void, this study provides guidance for running speeds and distances during BCT. The major considerations included are: (1) minimizing injuries, (2) the initial aerobic fitness level of recruits, (3) historical improvements in run times during BCT, (4) historical running speeds of the slower individuals in each ability group, (5) running speeds that must be achieved to "pass" the 2-mile run in BCT, (6) the gender composition of the ability groups, and (7) recommendations from the trainers and field testing. Three databases were analyzed that contained a total of 16,716 men and 11,600 women. Four steps were used in the analyses: (1) establishment of run-time cut points for representative ability groups, (2) determination of initial (starting) run speeds, (3) estimation of changes in run speeds with training, and (4) establishment of run speeds and distances for each week of BCT. Efforts were made to (1) keep the running speeds between 70% and 83% of the estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2)max) for all ability groups, (2) consider the 2-mile running pace of the slower individuals in each ability group, and (3) keep the total running distance for the two slower ability groups below a total of 25 miles, the apparent threshold for increasing injury incidence. A chart provides speeds and distances for each ability group at each week of BCT. Using these recommended speeds and distances should allow trainees to improve their aerobic fitness, pass the Army Physical Fitness Test, and minimize injuries that result in lost training time and, ultimately, lower fitness levels. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Phys Fitness Sch, Ft Benning, GA 31995 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Knapik, JJ (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 171 IS 7 BP 669 EP 677 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 061IG UT WOS:000238864300022 PM 16895139 ER PT J AU Shumway, NM Shumway, NM Bunin, JL AF Bernet, Victor Shumway, Nathan M. Bunin, Jessica L. TI A 37-year-old soldier with right flank pain SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; HYPERCALCEMIC CRISIS AB The objective of this study was to discuss the appropriate diagnostic and treatment approach to an active duty patient presenting with recurrent kidney stones. A 37-year-old active duty infantryman, stationed in Iraq, was evacuated by air to Walter Reed Army Medical Center for workup of recurrent kidney stones and hypercalcemia. A diagnosis was made and the definitive treatment was performed. During this report, we will illustrate the various aspects of diagnosis that are involved with the workup of kidney stones and hypercalcemia as well as discuss the available treatment options. Relevant military issues include proceeding with the initial management regimen and recognition of appropriate reasons for initiation of referral consultation. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Shumway, NM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 171 IS 7 BP 684 EP 686 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 061IG UT WOS:000238864300024 ER PT J AU Williams, AJ Dave, JR Tortella, FC AF Williams, AJ Dave, JR Tortella, FC TI Neuroprotection with the proteasome inhibitor MLN519 in focal ischemic brain injury: Relation to nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), inflammatory gene expression, and leukocyte infiltration SO NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY JUN 25-29, 2005 CL Madison, WI SP Amer Soc Neurochem DE middle cerebral artery occlusion; MCAo; ischemia; reperfusion injury; neuroprotection; MLN519; proteasome inhibitor; stroke; brain injury; NF-kappa B; cytokines; cell adhesion molecules; TNF-alpha; IL-1 beta; IL-6; E-selectin; ICAM-1 ID CEREBRAL-ARTERY OCCLUSION; REPERFUSION INJURY; CELL-DEATH; REDUCES INFARCTION; DELAYED TREATMENT; STROKE THERAPY; ACTIVATION; RATS; SYSTEM; MODEL AB The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is a major cellular protein degradation pathway that involves the modulation of key proteins controlling inflammation, cell cycle regulation and gene expression. Modulation of the UPS with proteasome inhibitors has indicated efficacy in the treatment of several disease states including cancer and neuro-inflammatory disorders. In particular, a series of recent reports have evaluated the pre-clinical efficacy of the proteasome inhibitor MLN519 for the treatment of focal ischemic/reperfusion brain injury in rats. Evidence from these studies indicate that the neuroprotection provided by MLN519 is related to an anti-inflammatory effect linked to the modulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) activity, attenuation of cytokine (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6) and cellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1 and E-selectin) expression, and reduction of neutrophil and macrophage infiltration into the injured rat brain. It is the aim of this paper to review the experimental neuroprotection data reported using MLN519 with a focus on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Appl Neurobiol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Williams, AJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Appl Neurobiol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM anthony.williams@na.amedd.army.mil NR 48 TC 53 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0197-0186 J9 NEUROCHEM INT JI Neurochem. Int. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 49 IS 2 BP 106 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.neuint.2006.03.018 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 059XB UT WOS:000238764400002 PM 16759750 ER PT J AU Lehman, RA Angevine, P Rhim, SC Riew, KD AF Lehman, Ronald A., Jr. Angevine, Peter Rhim, Seung-Chul Riew, K. Daniel TI Iatrogenic cervical deformity SO NEUROSURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PLATE FIXATION; ARTHRODESIS; LAMINECTOMY; DISKECTOMY; CORPECTOMY; FUSION AB Iatrogenic cervical deformity can develop after anterior or posterior procedures. Careful attention to detail can minimize the likelihood of creating a sagittal or coronal plane deformity. Strategies for the prevention and correction of postoperative cervical deformity are presented. C1 Barnes Jewish Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Neurosurg, New York, NY 10032 USA. Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Seoul, South Korea. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Riew, KD (reprint author), Barnes Jewish Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 616 Euclid Ave,Suite 11300, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM riewd@wustl.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1042-3680 J9 NEUROSURG CLIN N AM JI Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 17 IS 3 BP 247 EP + DI 10.1016/j.nec.2006.05.001 PG 16 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 075RO UT WOS:000239903100006 PM 16876026 ER PT J AU Mudunuri, U Stephens, R Bruining, D Liu, D Lebeda, FJ AF Mudunuri, Uma Stephens, Robert Bruining, David Liu, David Lebeda, Frank J. TI botXminer: mining biomedical literature with a new web-based application SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PUBMED ABSTRACTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; NETWORK; TOOL AB This paper outlines botXminer, a publicly available application to search XML-formatted MEDLINE (R) data in a complete, object-relational schema implemented in Oracle (R) XML DB. An advantage offered by botXminer is that it can generate quantitative results with certain queries that are not feasible through the Entrez-PubMed (R) interface. After retrieving citations associated with user-supplied search terms, MEDLINE fields (title, abstract, journal, MeSH (R) and chemical) and terms ( MeSH qualifiers and descriptors, keywords, author, gene symbol and chemical), these citations are grouped and displayed as tabulated or graphic results. This work represents an extension of previous research for integrating these citations with relational systems. botXminer has a user-friendly, intuitive interface that can be freely accessed at http://botdb.abcc.ncifcrf.gov. C1 NCI, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Adv Biomed Comp Ctr, SAIC Frederick Inc, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Integrated Toxicol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Lebeda, FJ (reprint author), NCI, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Adv Biomed Comp Ctr, SAIC Frederick Inc, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM frank.lebeda@amedd.army.mil FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-12400, N01CO12400] NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 EI 1362-4962 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 34 SI SI BP W748 EP W752 DI 10.1093/nar/gkl194 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 156LR UT WOS:000245650200151 PM 16845112 ER PT J AU Maxwell, GL Clarke-Pearson, D AF Maxwell, G. Larry Clarke-Pearson, Dan TI Pulmonary embolism after major abdominal surgery in gynecologic oncology SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID THROMBOEMBOLISM PROPHYLAXIS; PNEUMATIC COMPRESSION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gynecol Dis Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Maxwell, GL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gynecol Dis Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 108 IS 1 BP 209 EP 209 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000226857.19412.6f PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 171XF UT WOS:000246768000033 PM 16816081 ER PT J AU Kuklo, TR Riew, KD Orchowski, JR Won, DS Schroeder, TM Gilula, LA AF Kuklo, Timothy R. Riew, K. Daniel Orchowski, Joseph R. Won, Douglas S. Schroeder, Teresa M. Gilula, Louis A. TI Management of recalcitrant osteoarthritis of the atlanto-axial joint SO ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSARTICULAR SCREW FIXATION; OCCIPITAL NEURALGIA; FUSION; INSTABILITY; ARTHRODESIS; ARTHROSIS; SPINE AB The medical records and radiographs of 17 patients with recalcitrant pain secondary to C1-C2 osteoarthritis were independently reviewed. All patients were treated by the senior author (K.D.R.). Initial treatment included physical therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and soft collar immobilization. If non-responsive, patients were referred to a single radiologist for injection of the involved C1-C2 joint(s). If symptoms persisted, then transarticular screw fixation and Magerl wire fixation with structural iliac crest bone graft was performed. Postoperatively, all patients were placed in a soft collar, Postoperative anteroposterior (AP), lateral, flexion/extension, and open-mouthed odontoid radiographs were taken at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year. Three independent observers assessed all radiographs for fusion. Fusion was noted by radiographic evidence of bridging bony trabeculae across the C1-C2 joint and/or bridging bone from the posterior arch of C1 to the C2 spinous process. Patient satisfaction improved significantly whether they were treated by corticosteroid injection or surgically. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthoped Surg, St Louis, MO USA. RP Kuklo, TR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg & Rehabil, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0147-7447 J9 ORTHOPEDICS JI Orthopedics PD JUL PY 2006 VL 29 IS 7 BP 633 EP 638 PG 6 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 062QP UT WOS:000238959900012 PM 16866096 ER PT J AU Brigger, MT Brietzke, SE AF Brigger, Matthew T. Brietzke, Scott E. TI Outpatient tonsillectomy in children: A systematic review SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 109th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery-Foundation CY SEP 25-28, 2005 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Fdn ID AMBULATORY TONSILLECTOMY; ADENOIDECTOMY; COMPLICATIONS; ADENOTONSILLECTOMY; EXPERIENCE; SAFETY AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the level of evidence regarding the safety of outpatient pediatric tonsillectomy. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: The medical literature addressing outpatient pediatric tonsillectomy was systernatically reviewed. The level of evidence was assessed, and data were pooled. RESULTS: Seventeen articles met inclusion criteria. Each article suggested that outpatient tonsillectomy was safe. The overall level of evidence was fair (grade B-). Pooled data analysis in the perioperative period showed a complication rate estimate of 8.8% (95% confidence interval [Cl], 5.5%-12.1%; P <= 0.001) and ail unplanned admission rate estimate of 8.0% (95% CI, 5.3%-10.7%: P :5 0.001). Subgroup analysis suggests that children under age 4 are at a higher risk of complications in the perioperative period with an odds ratio of 1.64 (95% Cl. 1.16-2.3 1). CONCLUSION: The level of evidence Supporting the safety of outpatient pediatric tonsillectomy is fair. The analyzed data show a higher rate of early complications and unplanned admissions in children under age 4. SIGNIFICANCE: The current evidence supports the practice of outpatient tonsillectomy in properly selected children. C1 USN, Med Ctr, USNR, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Otolaryngol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Brigger, MT (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, USNR, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM matt.brigger@alumni.vanderbilt.edu NR 21 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 135 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.02.036 PG 7 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 060TM UT WOS:000238824500001 PM 16815173 ER PT J AU Stojadinovic, A Auton, A Peoples, GE McKnight, GM Shields, C Croll, SM Bleckner, LL Winkley, J Maniscalco-Theberge, ME Buckenmaier, CC AF Stojadinovic, Alexander Auton, Alyson Peoples, George E. McKnight, Geselle M. Shields, Cynthia Croll, Scott M. Bleckner, Lisa L. Winkley, James Maniscalco-Theberge, Mary E. Buckenmaier, Chester C., III TI Responding to challenges in modern combat casualty care: Innovative use of advanced regional anesthesia SO PAIN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE combat; wound; regional anesthesia; peripheral nerve block; continuous Peripheral Nerve Block ID PERIPHERAL-NERVE BLOCK; POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA; NEUROLOGIC COMPLICATIONS; KNEE SURGERY; EVACUATION; RECOVERY; CATHETER; PLEXUS; PAIN; IRAQ AB Background. The war in Iraq has resulted in a high incidence of severe extremity injury requiring multiple surgical procedures and extensive rehabilitation. We describe the use of advanced regional anesthesia to meet this significant medical challenge. Methods. From March 2003 to December 2004, 4,100 casualties have been evacuated to Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC). Of 1,400 inpatients, 750 have been battle-injured with 500 having extremity injuries. Of these, 287 (57%) received surgical care incorporating regional anesthesia including single-injection peripheral nerve blocks and continuous peripheral and epidural infusion catheters. Wounding, surgical, anesthetic, and outcomes data have been prospectively collected. Results. Over 900 operations (mean 4 +/- 2/patient) were performed on 287 casualties prior to arrival at WRAMC, and 634 operations (mean 2 +/- 1/patient) were performed at WRAMC. Thirty-five percent of this cohort was amputees. In the study group, 646 advanced regional anesthesia procedures, including 361 continuous peripheral nerve blocks (CPNBs), were performed with a mean catheter infusion time of 9 days (1-34). Catheter-related complications occurred in 11.9% of casualties and were technical or minor in nature. Catheter-related infection rate was 1.9%. In 126 casualties with indwelling CPNB catheters, a significant decrease in pain score over 7 days was apparent (mean 3.7 +/- 0.2 to 2.2 +/- 0.2, P < 0.001). Conclusion. Advanced regional anesthetic techniques allowed for safe perioperative surgical anesthesia and analgesia in the management of the modern combat casualty. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Army Reg Anesthesia & Pain Management Initiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Buckenmaier, CC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Army Reg Anesthesia & Pain Management Initiat, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM chester.buckenmaier@na.amedd.army.mil NR 25 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1526-2375 J9 PAIN MED JI Pain Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 7 IS 4 BP 330 EP 338 DI 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2006.00171.x PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 065LS UT WOS:000239162000009 PM 16898944 ER PT J AU Robbins, RG Phong, BD McCormack, T Behler, JL Zwartepoorte, HA Hendrie, DB Calle, PP AF Robbins, Richard G. Phong, Bui Dang McCormack, Tim Behler, John L. Zwartepoorte, Hendrik A. Hendrie, Douglas B. Calle, Paul P. TI Four new host records for Amblyomma geoemydae (Cantor) (Acari : Ixodida : Ixodidae) from captive tortoises and freshwater turtles (Reptilia : Testudines) in the Turtle Conservation Center, Cue Phuong National Park, Vietnam SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHECKLIST; TICKS C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Turtle Conservat Ctr, Cuc Phuong National Park, Vietnam. SSC, IUCN, Tortoise & Freshwater Specialist Grp, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Dept Herpetol, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. Rotterdam Zoo & Turtle Survival Alliance Europe, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Cleveland, OH 44109 USA. Cleveland Metropk Zoo, Cleveland, OH 44109 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. RP Robbins, RG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM richard.robbins@osd.mil; phongtcccucphuong@gmail.com; the_agent_badger@yahoo.co.uk; jbehler@wcs.org; h.zwartepoorte@rotterdamzoo.nl; dhendrie@fpt.vn; pcalle@wcs.org NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 726 EP 729 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 063VA UT WOS:000239046800024 ER PT J AU Caci, J King, MS Humphries, J Cobb, K Garvin, S Kuhr, DD Wedincamp, J Stanwix, E AF Caci, Jennifer King, Michael S. Humphries, Jeri Cobb, Kristin Garvin, Stephen Kuhr, Dennis D. Wedincamp, Jimmy Stanwix, Erin TI First record of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) grossbecki (Dyar and Knab) (Diptera : Culicidae) in Alabama, USA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Intermediate Level Educ Army Operat Warfighter Co, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. Fox Army Communist Hosp, Dept Prevent Med, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35808 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Tech Commun, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med S, Ft McPherson, GA 30330 USA. E Georgia Coll, MathSci Div, Swainsboro, GA 30401 USA. RP Caci, J (reprint author), USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Intermediate Level Educ Army Operat Warfighter Co, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. EM Jennifer.caci@us.army.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 736 EP 737 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 063VA UT WOS:000239046800028 ER PT J AU Kohl, JG Singer, IL Schwarzer, N Yu, VY AF Kohl, James G. Singer, Irwin L. Schwarzer, Norbert Yu, Victor Y. TI Effect of bond coat modulus on the durability of silicone duplex coatings SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Review DE silicone coating; scratch test; durability; modulus; indentation ID SENSING INDENTATION; COMPOSITES; INDENTERS; FRACTURE; WEAR AB Scratch tests were used to determine the effect of the bond coat modulus on the durability of silicone duplex coatings under continuous loading and low speed sliding contact. Two sets of duplex coatings were tested. Each had the same top coat but different bond coats, with layers ranging in thickness from 65 to 485 mu m. Depth sensing indentation tests were performed to determine the modulus, elastic and irrecoverable energy of each layer. The top coat layer had an indentation modulus of 2.7 +/- 0.2 MPa with a percent irrecoverable energy of 11%. One bond coat had an indentation modulus of 3.9 +/- 0.5 MPa with a percent irrecoverable energy of 9%; the other bond coat had an indentation modulus of 155 +/- 12 MPa with a percent irrecoverable energy of 54%. Scratch tests were performed with a 1.6 mm. radius steel ball sliding at 5 mm/min during loading at 97 N/min. Coating failure was detected by a sudden drop in the tangential force at a critical value T-c. For both sets of coatings T-c increased linearly with both bond and top coat thickness. The thickness dependence of the bond coat with the higher indentation modulus was about 2.2 times more than for the lower modulus bond coat. The dependence of T-c on the modulus ratio of bond coat to top coat has been calculated for a sphere loaded into a duplex layer; T-c was found to increase monotonically with increasing modulus ratio. It has also been demonstrated that there should be an optimal value for the bond coat's indentation modulus that provides the most tear resistance. A tearing energy criterion was also used to qualitatively explain the bond coat's contribution to toughening the duplex coating, in that bond coats that dissipate more energy during deformation will require more energy for tearing. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ San Diego, Dept Engn, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Saxonian Inst Surface Mech, SIO, D-04838 Eilenburg, Germany. US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Kohl, JG (reprint author), Univ San Diego, Dept Engn, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. EM jkohl@sandiego.edu RI Kohl, James /E-5365-2011 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 56 IS 2-3 BP 220 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2006.05.005 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 069VG UT WOS:000239476200019 ER PT J AU Ding, XZ Paulsen, IT Bhattacharjee, AK Nikolich, MP Myers, G Hoover, DL AF Ding, Xuan Z. Paulsen, Ian T. Bhattacharjee, Apurba K. Nikolich, Mikelion P. Myers, Gary Hoover, David L. TI A high efficiency cloning and expression system for proteomic analysis SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Review DE Brucella; cloning; protein array; protein expression ID HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; BRUCELLA-MELITENSIS; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; BOVINE LYMPHOCYTES; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; PROTEINS; IDENTIFICATION; ABORTUS; ANTIGENS; VIRULENT AB The recent description of the complete genomes of the two most pathogenic species of Brucella opens the way for genome-based analysis of the antigenicity of their proteins. In the present report, we describe a bench-level high-efficiency cloning and expression system (HECES) that allow expression of large numbers of Brucella proteins based on genomic sequence information. Purified proteins are produced with high efficiency in a microarray format conducive to analysis of their sero-reactivity against serum from immunized animals. This method is applicable at either small or large scale of protein processing. While it does not require robotics, the format is amenable to robotic implementation for all aspects of the process and subsequent analysis of protein characteristics. This method will allow selection of new reagents for diagnosis of brucellosis and development of vaccine against Brucella, an important zoonotic disease and biothreat agent. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD USA. RP Ding, XZ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM tom.ding@na.amedd.army.mil RI Nikolich, Mikeljon/B-2868-2011; Paulsen, Ian/K-3832-2012; Myers, Garry/E-7708-2011 OI Paulsen, Ian/0000-0001-9015-9418; Myers, Garry/0000-0002-4756-4810 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD JUL PY 2006 VL 6 IS 14 BP 4038 EP 4046 DI 10.1002/pmic.200600047 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 068FR UT WOS:000239358600007 PM 16800024 ER PT J AU Chung, EM Travis, MD Conran, RM AF Chung, Ellen M. Travis, Mark D. Conran, Richard M. TI From the archives of the AFIP - Pancreatic tumors in children: Radiologic-pathologic correlation SO RADIOGRAPHICS LA English DT Review ID ACINAR-CELL-CARCINOMA; PAPILLARY EPITHELIAL NEOPLASM; SOLID-PSEUDOPAPILLARY TUMOR; SOMATOSTATIN-RECEPTOR SCINTIGRAPHY; DETECTING NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS; BECKWITH-WIEDEMANN-SYNDROME; ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME; OF-THE-LITERATURE; AGE 40 YEARS; CYSTIC NEOPLASM AB Pancreatic neoplasms are rare in children and have a different histologic spectrum and prognosis than those in adults. In general, these tumors are well demarcated with expansile rather than infiltrating growth patterns. They may be quite large at diagnosis, and central cystic necrosis is common. They infrequently cause biliary duct obstruction. The imaging appearance of each neoplasm reflects its pathologic features. Pancreatoblastoma is the most common pancreatic neoplasm in young children. At imaging, pancreatoblastomas are heterogeneous and often multilocular with hyperechoic and enhancing septa. Solid-pseudopapillary tumor occurs in adolescent girls. It is heterogeneous in internal architecture, with a mixture of solid and cystic hemorrhagic and necrotic elements. This tumor is distinguished by its fibrous capsule and hemorrhagic nature, which are best shown at magnetic resonance imaging as a dark rim on T1- or T2-weighted images and hyper-intense foci on T1- weighted images, respectively. Islet cell tumors in children are insulinomas or gastrinomas. These tumors manifest early due to hormonal syndromes and are distinguished by their small size, homogeneous appearance, and intense enhancement with intravenous contrast material. All pancreatic neoplasms in children are capable of producing metastases, usually to the liver and lymph nodes; however, on the whole, these tumors have a better clinical outcome than most pancreatic tumors in adults. Knowledge of the differential diagnosis of pancreatic masses in children and their relatively good prognosis may promote correct preoperative diagnosis and appropriate treatment. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Natl Capitol Radiol Consortium, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Inst Pediat Med Educ, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC USA. RP Chung, EM (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, Alaska & Fern St NW, Washington, DC 20306 USA. EM chunge@afip.osd.mil NR 118 TC 52 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0271-5333 J9 RADIOGRAPHICS JI Radiographics PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1211 EP 1238 DI 10.1148/rg.264065012 PG 28 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 067LY UT WOS:000239305400021 PM 16844942 ER PT J AU Ryan, KL Cortez, DS Dick, EJ Pusateri, AE AF Ryan, Kathy L. Cortez, Douglas S. Dick, Edward J., Jr. Pusateri, Anthony E. TI Efficacy of FDA-approved hemostatic drugs to improve survival and reduce bleeding in rat models of uncontrolled hemorrhage SO RESUSCITATION LA English DT Article DE trauma; emergency treatment; hemorrhage; intravenous hemostasis; liver injury; bleeding time ID RECOMBINANT FACTOR VIIA; V LIVER-INJURIES; DECREASES BLOOD-LOSS; ACTIVATED FACTOR-VII; COAGULOPATHIC PIGS; TRAUMATIC COAGULOPATHY; DESMOPRESSIN DDAVP; APROTININ; SHOCK; TIME AB Several FDA-approved intravenous drugs are used to reduce surgical bleeding. This series of studies tested whether these drugs (aprotinin, desmopressin, tranexamic acid, epsilon-aminocaproic acid) could reduce bleeding due to traumatic injuries in two models of uncontrolled hemorrhage in rats. In the first phase of each study, a nonlethal tail bleeding model. was used that incorporated limited fluid resuscitation (lactate Ringer's solution). Four doses of vehicle or the test substance were given successively with bleeding time and blood loss measured after each dose. In the second phase of each study, a lethal liver injury was produced by excising a section of the median Lobe (approximately 0.8% of body weight) and an infusion of either vehicle or the test substance was immediately begun. This model. included aggressive fluid resuscitation and a severe dilutional coagulopathy. Blood loss, survival time and mortality rate were recorded. Three studies were performed, testing each of the drugs singly and in combination. None of the drugs significantly reduced either bleeding time or blood loss in the tail bleeding model, nor were blood loss, survival time or mortality rate altered in the liver injury model. Taken together, these results suggest that these FDA-approved drugs, when used either singly or in combination, are not efficacious in these models of traumatic uncontrolled hemorrhage. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Ryan, KL (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Kathy.ryan@amedd.army.mil NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-9572 J9 RESUSCITATION JI Resuscitation PD JUL PY 2006 VL 70 IS 1 BP 133 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2005.11.008 PG 12 WC Critical Care Medicine; Emergency Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine; Emergency Medicine GA 063AK UT WOS:000238988000018 PM 16757085 ER PT J AU Furstenberg, R Soares, JA White, JO AF Furstenberg, Robert Soares, Julio A. White, Jeffrey O. TI Apparatus for the imaging of infrared photoluminescence, transmittance, and phototransmittance with high spatial and spectral resolutions SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION PROPERTIES; HGCDTE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; PHOTOREFLECTANCE; EPILAYERS; WAFERS; BAND AB Photoluminescence is a widely used tool for the characterization of wide-gap semiconductor materials. However, most narrow-gap, infrared materials exhibit very weak, hard to detect photoluminescence. We report on the development of a sensitive, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)-based apparatus capable of measuring and spatial imaging of weak infrared photoluminescence with diffraction limited resolution. The apparatus is also capable of measuring transmittance and phototransmittance. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of measuring infrared phototransmittance using an FTIR spectrometer. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Furstenberg, R (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM robert.furstenberg@gmail.com NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 77 IS 7 AR 073101 DI 10.1063/1.2214931 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 069DC UT WOS:000239424800002 ER PT J AU Song, M Cole, DM Baker, I AF Song, M Cole, DM Baker, I TI An investigation of the effects of particles on creep of polycrystalline ice SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE creep; dislocations; grain boundaries; ice; stress dependence ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; GRANULAR-ICE; FRICTION; RHEOLOGY AB The effects of particles on the creep of polycrystalline ice have been studied at temperatures from -20 degrees C to -2 degrees C. It has been shown that particles do not affect the creep stress exponent. Both particle-free ice and particle-containing ice show n = 3 power-law behavior. Calculation indicates that activation energies are similar to 70 kJ mol(-1) for both particle-free ice and particle-containing ice from -20 degrees C to -10 degrees C. However, the activation energy increases to similar to 120 kJ mol(-1) for particle-free ice when the temperature is above -10 degrees C due to grain boundary sliding, which is inhibited in the particle-containing ice. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cent S Univ, State Key Lab Powder Met, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Song, M (reprint author), Cent S Univ, State Key Lab Powder Met, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China. EM Min.Song.Th05@Alum.Dartmouth.ORG RI Song, Min/C-3730-2013 OI Song, Min/0000-0002-3197-4647 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 55 IS 1 BP 91 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.03.029 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 045SL UT WOS:000237762400017 ER PT J AU Zhu, R Pan, E Chung, PW Cai, X Liew, KM Buldum, A AF Zhu, R. Pan, E. Chung, P. W. Cai, X. Liew, K. M. Buldum, A. TI Atomistic calculation of elastic moduli in strained silicon SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; GERMANIUM; PRESSURE; DYNAMICS; CRYSTAL; GAN AB Strained silicon is becoming a new technology in silicon industry where the novel strain-induced features are utilized. In this paper we present a molecular dynamic prediction for the elastic stiffnesses C-11, C-12 and C-44 in strained silicon as functions of the volumetric strain level. Our approach combines basic continuum mechanics with the classical molecular dynamic approach, supplemented with the Stillinger-Weber potential. Using our approach, the bulk modulus, effective elastic stiffnesses C11, C12 and C44 of the strained silicon, including also the effective Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio, are all calculated and presented in terms of figures and formulae. In general, our simulation indicates that the bulk moduli, C11 and C12, increase with increasing volumetric strain whilst C44 is almost independent of the volumetric strain. The difference between strained moduli and those at zero strain can be very large, and therefore use of standard free-strained moduli should be cautious. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Singapore, Singapore. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Bldg & Construct, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Zhu, R (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM pan2@uakron.edu RI Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011; OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805; Liew, Kim Meow/0000-0001-7160-7676 NR 25 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 21 IS 7 BP 906 EP 911 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/21/7/014 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 062DE UT WOS:000238924000015 ER PT J AU Lee, WK Caster, KC Kim, J Zauscher, S AF Lee, WK Caster, KC Kim, J Zauscher, S TI Nanopatterned polymer brushes by combining AFM anodization lithography with ring-opening metathesis polymerization in the liquid and vapor phase SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; catalysts; electric field microscopy; nanolithography; ring-opening polymerization ID SCANNING-PROBE LITHOGRAPHY; DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; FREE-RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SOLVENTLESS POLYMERIZATION; THIN-FILMS; FORCE MICROSCOPY; POLYACETYLENE; SURFACE; SILICON C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Biol Inspired Mat & Mat Syst, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Pohang 790784, Kyungbook, South Korea. RP Caster, KC (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM ken.caster@duke.edu; zauscher@duke.edu RI Zauscher, Stefan/C-3947-2008 NR 43 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD JUL PY 2006 VL 2 IS 7 BP 848 EP 853 DI 10.1002/smll.200500470 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 051KF UT WOS:000238159300003 PM 17193132 ER PT J AU Rossman, EJ AF Rossman, EJ TI Collapse: How societies choose to fail or succeed. SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Tulsa, OK USA. RP Rossman, EJ (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Tulsa, OK USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 19 IS 6 BP 573 EP 575 DI 10.1080/08941920600665412 PG 4 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 051BB UT WOS:000238134200008 ER PT J AU Tetz, LM Rezk, PE Ratcliffe, RH Gordon, RK Steele, KE Nambiar, MP AF Tetz, Lauren M. Rezk, Peter E. Ratcliffe, Ruthie H. Gordon, Richard K. Steele, Keith E. Nambiar, Madhusoodana P. TI Development of a rat pilocarpine model of seizure/status epilepticus that mimics chemical warfare nerve agent exposure SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE chemical warfare agents; drug development; lithium-pilocarpine; neuroprotection; organophosphates; status epileptics; seizure; rats ID SOMAN-INDUCED SEIZURES; ANTICONVULSANT TREATMENT; BRAIN-DAMAGE; GUINEA-PIGS; ATROPINE; LITHIUM; INTOXICATION; CONVULSIONS; HIPPOCAMPUS; MECHANISMS AB We developed a rat pilocarpine seizure/status epilepticus (SE) model, which closely resembles 1.6-2.0 x LD50 soman exposure, to analyse the molecular mechanism of neuronal damage and to screen effective neuroprotectants against cholinergic agonist and chemical warfare nerve agent (CWNA) exposure. Rats implanted with radiotelemetry probes capable of recording electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), temperature, and physical activity were treated with lithium chloride (5 mEq/kg, im), followed 24 h later by (ip) doses of pilocarpine hydrochloride. Based on radiotelemetry analysis, a dose of 240 mg/kg (ip) pilocarpine generated seizure/SE analogous to 1.6-2.0 x LD50 of soman. The model was refined by reducing the peripheral convulsions without affecting the central nervous system (CNS) by administering methylscopolamine bromide (I mg/kg, ip), an anti-cholinergic that does not cross the blood-brain barrier. However, when methylscopolamine bromide was administered, a higher dose of pilocarpine (320 mg/kg, ip) was required to generate the equivalent seizure/SE. Histopathology data indicated that pilocarpine induces significant damage to the hippocampal region of the brain, with similar neuropathology to that of 1.6-2.0 x LD50 soman exposure. There was a reduction in body temperature after the administration of pilocarpine, as observed in organophosphate (OP) nerve agents exposure. The heart-rate of pilocarpine-treated animals increased compared to the normal range. The pilocarpine seizure/SE model was also reproducible in the absence of lithium chloride. These results support that pilocarpine seizure/SE model is useful in studying the molecular mechanisms of neuropathology and screening neuroprotectants following cholinergic agonist and CWNA exposure. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biochem Pharmacol, Div Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Nambiar, MP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biochem, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM madhusoodana.nambiar@na.amedd.army.mil RI Ratcliffe, Ruthie/B-6815-2011 NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JUL PY 2006 VL 22 IS 6 BP 255 EP 266 DI 10.1191/0748233706th268oa PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 073NJ UT WOS:000239749600004 PM 16924957 ER PT J AU Olney, JE Latour, RJ Watkins, BE Clarke, DG AF Olney, John E. Latour, Robert J. Watkins, Brian E. Clarke, Douglas G. TI Migratory behavior of American shad in the York River, Virginia, with implications for estimating in-river exploitation from tag recovery data SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; NATURAL MORTALITY; SPAWNING HABITAT; CAROLINA; TRACKING; DAM AB Tagging of American shad Alosa sapidissima may alter their migratory behavior, causing some tagged individuals to cease or delay the spawning run. In a tag recovery study designed to assess fishery impacts, this altered behavior would reduce the number of tagged fish available to the target fishery and would bias estimates of exploitation and fishing mortality rates. To investigate this possibility, we fitted 29 prespawning adults with acoustic tags and released the fish into the middle reaches of the York River, Virginia. Movements of individuals were remotely monitored at three hydrophone stations: (1) 7 river kilometers (rkm) downriver of the release site; (2) on the Mattaponi River, 48 rkm upriver of the release location; and (3) on the Pamunkey River, 56 rkm upriver of the release location. Almost half of the fish were apparently affected by capture, handling, and tagging, as they either abandoned their migration or delayed their upstream movements. The movements of some fish appeared to be unaffected by capture; these fish were not detected at the downriver station and were detected on the spawning grounds 2-5 d after release. Eighteen fish remained on the spawning grounds for 17-51 d (average = 34.4 d) and were last detected at the downriver location, presumably during their seaward migration. Of the 26 tagged fish that migrated to either tributary after release, 15 originally selected spawning grounds on the Mattaponi River and I I selected the Pamunkey River. One fish occupied both tributaries for several weeks each, suggesting possible spawning at both locations. We conclude that tagging protocols designed to measure the impacts of fishing on American shad should include telemetry to assess altered migratory behavior. C1 Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Sch Marine Sci, Dept Fisheries Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Olney, JE (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Sch Marine Sci, Dept Fisheries Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM olney@vims.edu NR 28 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 135 IS 4 BP 889 EP 896 DI 10.1577/T05-101.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 081NV UT WOS:000240325200004 ER PT J AU Ye, X Wang, S Ruan, R Qi, J Womac, AR Doona, CJ AF Ye, X. Wang, S. Ruan, R. Qi, J. Womac, A. R. Doona, C. J. TI Water mobility and mold susceptibility of engineered wood products SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE distributed exponential analysis; magnetic resonance; oriented strandboard; relaxometry; water activity ID RELAXATION; PROTON; NMR; SORPTION; O-17; COMPOSITES; STABILITY; SYSTEMS; PANELS; FOODS AB There are significant environmental benefits of understanding the water characteristics in engineered wood products related to their fungi/mold susceptibility. The primary goal of this investigation was to gain a fundamental understanding of the water characteristics in oriented strandboard (OSB) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) approaches. Isotherm sorption tests were conducted on commercial OSB specimens made from different wood species and adhesive combinations. Moisture content (MC) determination, water activity (a(w)) measurement, and magnetic resonance relaxometry plus chemometrics analysis were performed on the OSB specimens during isotherm sorption tests. The results showed that neither MC nor a(w) is a reliable indicator of mold susceptibility of OSB. NMR relaxometry together with distributed exponential analysis detected that the state of water with the longest spin-spin relaxation time is responsible for the mold susceptibility of OSB. OSB made from southern pine had higher mold susceptibility than that made from aspen because the pine OSB had a third water component with very long spin-spin relaxation time (6035-7346 mu s). The results suggest that a new protocol for quality control based on NMR relaxometry could be put in place in OSB production. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tennessee Forest Prod Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosysy Engn & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Ye, X (reprint author), 2506 E J Chapman Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM xye2@utk.edu OI Ruan, Roger/0000-0001-8835-2649 NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1159 EP 1165 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 085CI UT WOS:000240580400028 ER PT J AU Cardo, LJ Asher, L AF Cardo, LJ Asher, L TI Electron micrographic study of the removal of Trypanosoma cruzi from blood products by leukodepletion filters SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Transfus Med Branch, Dept Blood Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Cardo, LJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Transfus Med Branch, Dept Blood Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Lisa.Cardo@us.army.mil NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JUL PY 2006 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1067 EP 1068 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00855.x PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 055YQ UT WOS:000238487700001 PM 16836548 ER PT J AU Grose, HL Byrne, KM Salata, JM Rentas, FJ Stroncek, DF AF Grose, HL Byrne, KM Salata, JM Rentas, FJ Stroncek, DF TI In vitro variables of red blood cell components collected by apheresis and frozen 6 and 14 days after collection SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID 40-PERCENT WT/VOL GLYCEROL; AS-3; 4-DEGREES-C; ACP-215; DEGLYCEROLIZATION; SURVIVAL; STORAGE; RBCS AB An automated cell processing system (ACP 215, Haemonetics Corp.) can be used for the glycerolization and deglycerolization of RBC components, but the components must be 6 or fewer days old. Depending on the anticoagulant (CP2D)/additive solution (AS) used, deglycerolized RBCs can be stored at 1 to 6 degrees C for up to 14 days. This study evaluated in vitro variables of apheresis RBC stored for 6 and 14 days at 1 to 6 degrees C before glycerolization and 14 days after deglycerolization. Two units of CP2D/AS-3 leukoreduced RBCs were collected by apheresis from seven donors. One unit was glycerolized and frozen 6 days and the other 14 days after collection. All units were deglycerolized with the ACP 215 and stored at 1 to 6 degrees C for 14 days in AS-3. Several in vitro variables were evaluated during postdeglycerolization storage. All components had postdeglycerolization RBC recoveries greater than 81 percent and osmolalities of less than 400 mOsm per kg. No significant differences were noted in potassium and supernatant hemoglobin after 14 days of postdeglycerolization storage between RBCs frozen at 6 and 14 days after collection. After 14 days of postdeglycerolization storage, however, the pH, lactate, and ATP levels were slightly lower in RBCs frozen after 14 days. The ACP 215 can be used to glycerolize and deglycerolize apheresis RBC components that are up to 14 days of age. It is likely that apheresis components glycerolized at 14 days of age or less can be stored up to 14 days in AS-3 after deglycerolization, but this should be confirmed with in vivo survival studies. C1 NIH, Dept Transfus Med, Warren G Magnuson Clin Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Byrne, KM (reprint author), NIH, Dept Transfus Med, Warren G Magnuson Clin Ctr, Bldg 10,Room 1C711,10 Ctr Dr MSC-1184, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM kbyrne@cc.nih.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JUL PY 2006 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1178 EP 1183 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00868.x PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 055YQ UT WOS:000238487700018 PM 16836565 ER PT J AU Ma, Z Henein, NA Bryzik, W AF Ma, Zheng Henein, Naeim A. Bryzik, Walter TI A model for wear and friction in cylinder liners and piston rings SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE wear; friction; model; cylinder liner; piston ring; break-in ID LUBRICATION; ENGINE; BREAK AB A one-dimensional elstohydrodynamic mixed lubrication wear and friction model is developed. The model can predict the effects of surface roughness, asperity contact, temperature-pressure- viscosity on wear, lubrication, and firiction of the piston rings and cylinder liner. Wear is predicted based on the surface asperity contact pressure. The cylinder bore wear and the ring pack friction during an engine break-in are simulated and compared with the experimental results. The influence of cylinder wall temperature and surface roughness on friction and wear is investigated. The ring pack friction due to oil viscous shearing and asperity contact is found to reach its minimum at a certain oil temperature. C1 Gen Motors Corp, Pontiac, MI 48340 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. USA, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Ma, Z (reprint author), Gen Motors Corp, Pontiac, MI 48340 USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 49 IS 3 BP 315 EP 327 DI 10.1080/05698190600678630 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 076IN UT WOS:000239950500004 ER PT J AU Kaste, JM Heimsath, AM Hohmann, M AF Kaste, James M. Heimsath, Arjun M. Hohmann, Matthew TI Quantifying sediment transport across an undisturbed prairie landscape using cesium-137 and high resolution topography SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE erosion; overland flow; Konza Prairie; grassland; geomorphology ID SOIL-EROSION; AGRICULTURAL CATCHMENTS; CS-137 REDISTRIBUTION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; CHANNEL INITIATION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; CULTIVATED LAND; RATES; PB-210; MODEL AB Soil erosion is a global environmental problem, and anthropogenic fallout radionuclides offer a promising tool for describing and quantifying soil redistribution on decadal time scales. To date, applications of radioactive fallout to trace upland sediment transport have been developed primarily on lands disturbed by agriculture, grazing, and logging. Here we use Cs-137 to characterize and quantify soil erosion at the Konza Prairie Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) site, an undisturbed grassland in northeastern Kansas. We report on the small scale (< 10 m) and landscape scale (10 to 1000 m) distribution of fallout Cs-137, and show significant variability in the concentrations and amounts of Cs-137 in soils at our site. Cs-137 soil concentrations and amounts typically vary by 10% to 30% on small scales, which most likely represents the spatial heterogeneity of the depositional processes. Landscape scale variability of soil Cs-137 was significantly higher than small scale variability. Most notably, soils collected on convex (divergent) landforms had Cs-137 inventories of 2500 to 3000 Bq m(-2), which is consistent with the expected atmospheric inputs to the study area during the 1950s and 1960s. Concave landforms, however, had statistically lower inventories of 1800 to 2300 Bq m(-2). The distribution of Cs-137 on this undisturbed landscape contrasts significantly with distributions observed across disturbed sites, which generally have accumulations of radioactive fallout in valley bottoms. Because the upslope contributing area at each sampling point had a significant negative correlation with the soil inventory of Cs-137, we suggest that overland flow in convergent areas dominates soil erosion at Konza on time scales of decades. Very few points on our landscape had Cs-137 inventories significantly above that which would be predicted from direct deposition of Cs-137 on the soil surface; we conclude therefore that there is little net sediment storage on this undisturbed landscape. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Kaste, JM (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, 6105 Fairchild Hall, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM James.Kaste@Dartmouth.edu OI Heimsath, Arjun/0000-0002-6300-6069 NR 56 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JUN 30 PY 2006 VL 76 IS 3-4 BP 430 EP 440 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.12.007 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 060RS UT WOS:000238819900013 ER PT J AU Opsenica, I Terzic, N Opsenica, D Angelovski, G Lehnig, M Eilbracht, P Tinant, B Juranic, Z Smith, KS Yang, YS Diaz, DS Smith, PL Milhous, WK Dokovic, D Solaja, BA AF Opsenica, Igor Terzic, Natasa Opsenica, Dejan Angelovski, Goran Lehnig, Manfred Eilbracht, Peter Tinant, Bernard Juranic, Zorica Smith, Kirsten S. Yang, Young S. Diaz, Damaris S. Smith, Philip L. Milhous, Wilbur K. Dokovic, Dejan Solaja, Bogdan A. TI Tetraoxane antimalarials and their reaction with Fe(II) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SPIN-TRAPPING EVIDENCE; ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY; ARTEMISININ DERIVATIVES; ACID-DERIVATIVES; TRIOXANE DIMERS; IN-VITRO; N-OXIDE; 1,2,4,5-TETRAOXANE; HEME; DISPIRO-1,2,4,5-TETRAOXANES AB Mixed tetraoxanes 5a and 13 synthesized from cholic acid and 4-oxocyclohexanecarboxylic acid were as active as artemisinin against chloroquine-susceptible, chloroquine-resistant, and multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains (IC50, IC90). Most active 13 is metabolically stable in in vitro metabolism studies. In vivo studies on tetraoxanes with a C(4'') methyl group afforded compound 15, which cured 4/5 mice at 600 and 200 mg, kg(-1), day(-1), and 2/5 mice at 50 mg, kg(-1), day(-1), showing no toxic effects. Tetraoxane 19 was an extremely active antiproliferative with LC50 of 17 nM and maximum tolerated dose of 400 mg/kg. In Fe(II)-induced scission of tetraoxane antimalarials only RO center dot radicals were detected by EPR experiments. This finding and the indication of Fe(IV)=O species led us to propose that RO center dot radicals are probably capable of inducing the parasite's death. Our results suggest that C radicals are possibly not the only lethal species derived from peroxide prodrug antimalarials, as currently believed. C1 Univ Belgrade, Fac Chem, Belgrade 11001, Serbia Monteneg. Univ Dortmund, Fac Chem Organ Chem 1, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Inst Chem Technol & Met, Belgrade, Serbia Monteneg. Univ Catholique Louvain, Chim Phys & Cristallog Lab, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Natl Inst Canc Res, Belgrade, Serbia Monteneg. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Solaja, BA (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Fac Chem, Studentski Trg 16,POB 158, Belgrade 11001, Serbia Monteneg. EM bsolaja@chem.bg.ac.yu RI Opsenica, Igor/P-5308-2016; OI Opsenica, Igor/0000-0003-4942-4042; Solaja, Bogdan/0000-0002-9975-2725 NR 39 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD JUN 29 PY 2006 VL 49 IS 13 BP 3790 EP 3799 DI 10.1021/jm050966r PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 055JN UT WOS:000238446700008 PM 16789736 ER PT J AU Adams, BD Anderson, PI Stuffel, E AF Adams, BD Anderson, PI Stuffel, E TI "Code blue" in the hospital lobby: Cardiac arrest teams vs. public access defibrillation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Adams, BD (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM bruce.adams@amedd.army.mil NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0167-5273 J9 INT J CARDIOL JI Int. J. Cardiol. PD JUN 28 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 3 BP 401 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.08.002 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 059DD UT WOS:000238712600017 PM 16183153 ER PT J AU Aptowicz, KB Pinnick, RG Hill, SC Pan, YL Chang, RK AF Aptowicz, K. B. Pinnick, R. G. Hill, S. C. Pan, Y. L. Chang, R. K. TI Optical scattering patterns from single urban aerosol particles at Adelphi, Maryland, USA: A classification relating to particle morphologies SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; ATLANTA SUPERSITE PROJECT; MASS-SPECTROMETRY PALMS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; NONSPHERICAL PARTICLES; UNITED-STATES; FINE AEROSOL; INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES; FLUORESCENCE-SPECTRA AB [ 1] Angularly resolved elastic light scattering patterns from individual atmospheric aerosol particles ( diameter 0.5 - 12 micrometers) sampled during fall ( October 2004) at an urban site in the Baltimore-Washington metroplex are reported. These two-dimensional angular optical scattering (TAOS) patterns were collected for polar scattering angles theta varying from approximately 75 degrees to 135 degrees and azimuthal angles phi varying from 0 degrees to 360 degrees. Approximately 6000 scattering patterns were sampled over a span of 18 hours from an inlet located above our laboratory roof at Adelphi, Maryland. Our instrument recorded light scattering patterns of higher resolution and accuracy than have previously been achievable. The patterns suggest that background aerosol particles have diverse morphologies ranging from single spheres to complex structures. The frequency of occurrence of particle morphologies inferred from the TAOS patterns is strongly dependent on size. For nominally 1-mu m particles, 65% appear spherical ( or perturbed sphere) and only about 9% have complex structure ( as suggested by their complex scattering features); whereas for nominally 5-mu m particles, only 5% appear spherical ( or perturbed sphere) and 71% appear to have complex structure. The patterns are quantitatively characterized using a degree of symmetry (Dsym) factor, calculated by examining both mirror and rotational symmetries in each pattern. In our measurements, atmospheric particles have two distinct populations: mostly micron-sized particles with Dsym values close to that of spheres and a population of mostly supermicron particles having a low but broad range of Dsym values. These observations are consistent with the commonly accepted notion that most micron-sized particles ( in the accumulation mode) appear to be nearly spherical and are probably formed in the atmosphere through gas-particle reactions; whereas most supermicron particles appear to be nonspherical and are likely directly injected into the atmosphere. Our observations suggest that Lorenz-Mie theory may be adequate for most micron-sized particles but not for supermicron particles. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Ctr Laser Diagnost, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Aptowicz, KB (reprint author), W Chester Univ, Dept Phys, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. EM kaptowicz@wcupa.edu NR 68 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 28 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D12 AR D12212 DI 10.1029/2005JD006774 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 062IU UT WOS:000238938600002 ER PT J AU Dharnidharka, VR Caillard, S Agodoa, LY Abbott, KC AF Dharnidharka, Vikas R. Caillard, Sophie Agodoa, Lawrence Y. Abbott, Kevin C. TI Infection frequency and profile in different age groups of kidney transplant recipients SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Congress of the International-Pediatric-Transplant-Association CY AUG 06-09, 2005 CL Innsbruck, AUSTRIA SP Int Pediat Transplant Assoc DE USRDS; transplant; infection; pediatrics; urinary tract infection; pyelonephritis; death; graft loss; survival ID UNITED-STATES; RENAL-TRANSPLANTATION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ACUTE REJECTION; RISK; NEPHROPATHY; PNEUMONIA; SURVIVAL AB Background. Older transplant recipients have been shown to be at greater risk for infectious death than younger adults, but no study to date has looked at relative risk of infection and infection profile differences for children versus adults, which may be very different from one another. Methods. Data from primary Medicare renal transplant recipients between 1991 and 1998 (n = 64,751), as reported in the United States Renal Data System (USRDS), were analyzed for Medicare claims (both inpatient and outpatient) for infection and type of infection in the first year posttransplant. Cox regression was used to model adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) for infection. Results. Total infections among renal transplant recipients increased significantly in more recent years. Patients transplanted in or after 1995 had a significantly higher adjusted risk for infection compared to those transplanted earlier (AHR 1.34, 95% CI = 1.29 -1.39). Older adults >= 51 years of age had the highest percentage of experiencing infection, as compared to adults between 18-50 years and children <= 17 years (P < 0.001). Children were at highest risk of viral infection prior to 1995 but at lowest risk of viral infection after 1995, whereas elderly adults were at highest risk of bacterial infection throughout the study. Children experienced more claims for viral infections, whereas older transplant recipients experienced more claims for bacterial infections. Conclusions. The two extremes of transplant recipient age display very different risks for infection claim frequency and profile. C1 Univ Florida, Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Med, Div Pediat Nephrol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. NIDDKD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Dharnidharka, VR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Med, Div Pediat Nephrol, POB 100296,1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM vikasmd@ufl.edu OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [1R2DK069535] NR 18 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD JUN 27 PY 2006 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1662 EP 1667 DI 10.1097/01.tp.0000226068.66819.37 PG 6 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 058CX UT WOS:000238643200010 PM 16794532 ER PT J AU Anderson, AB Wang, G Gertner, G AF Anderson, A. B. Wang, G. Gertner, G. TI Local variability based sampling for mapping a soil erosion cover factor by co-simulation with Landsat TM images SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION COVER; REGIONALIZED VARIABLES; OPTIMAL INTERPOLATION; DESIGN; STRATEGY; SCHEMES; PROGRAM; SIZE AB When using remotely sensed data, a cost-efficient sampling design for collecting ground data is needed to accurately map natural resources, environmental and ecological systems. The existing methods including traditional simple random sampling and kriging or cokriging variance based sampling designs can not lead to optimal sampling designs. In this study, a local variability based sampling design using a sequential Gaussian co-simulation by combining remotely sensed and ground data is developed. This method theoretically can lead to a sampling design with variable sampling distances, that is, grid spacings that are optimal at local and global levels. The method was assessed and compared with simple random sampling in a case study in which the soil erosion ground and vegetation cover factor was sampled and mapped using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images and annual permanent ground measurements sampled from 1989 to 1995. The results show that the local variability based sampling greatly reduced the number of sampled plots and increased the cost-efficiency for sampling in comparison to simple random sampling. The difference in cost-efficiency between the two methods increased with increased global variation. This method can also be applied to analyse the sufficiency of a permanent plot sample and further provide information for additional sampling. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL USA. RP Gertner, G (reprint author), Univ Illinois, W503 Turner Hall,1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM gertner@uiuc.edu NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2423 EP 2447 DI 10.1080/01431160600554413 PG 25 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 066OJ UT WOS:000239238900007 ER PT J AU Ru, QC Zhu, LA Silberman, J Mural, R Shriver, CD AF Ru, Q. C. Zhu, L. A. Silberman, J. Mural, R. Shriver, C. D. TI Proteamic profiling of breast cancer serum via two-dimensional liquid-chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY JUN 02-06, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 18 SU S BP 13S EP 13S PN 1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 063HN UT WOS:000239009400049 ER PT J AU Maskery, SM Hu, H Mural, R Hooke, J Shriver, CD Liebman, MN AF Maskery, S. M. Hu, H. Mural, R. Hooke, J. Shriver, C. D. Liebman, M. N. TI Separate DCIS progression pathways derived from breast disease heterogeneity data. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY JUN 02-06, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 18 SU S BP 30S EP 30S PN 1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 063HN UT WOS:000239009400119 ER PT J AU Beeram, M Saif, WM Sarantopoulos, J Schwartz, G Patnaik, A Tolcher, AW Mehdi, F Feit, K Takimoto, CH AF Beeram, M. Saif, W. M. Sarantopoulos, J. Schwartz, G. Patnaik, A. Tolcher, A. W. Mehdi, F. Feit, K. Takimoto, C. H. TI A phase I, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacoynamic (PD) study of the combination of an oral antimicrotubular agent, DJ-927 (D), and capecitabine (C) in patients (Pts) with advanced cancers. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY JUN 02-06, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Yale Univ, Ctr Canc, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Daiichi Med Res, Pk Ridge, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 18 SU S BP 83S EP 83S PN 1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 063HN UT WOS:000239009400323 ER PT J AU Setlik, RF Preston, G Jones, CB Sarantopoulos, J Dufresne, T Petrone, ME Nathan, FE Greene, D Anthony, T Takemoto, C AF Setlik, R. F. Preston, G. Jones, C. B. Sarantopoulos, J. Dufresne, T. Petrone, M. E. Nathan, F. E. Greene, D. Anthony, T. Takemoto, C. TI Phase I study of the effects of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetic (PK) and safety of satraplatin in patients with refractory non-hematologic cancer. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY JUN 02-06, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Canc Therapy & Res Ctr S Texas, San Antonio, TX USA. GPC Biotech, Princeton, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 18 SU S BP 90S EP 90S PN 1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 063HN UT WOS:000239009400353 ER PT J AU Mittendorf, EA Khoo, S Storrer, CE Harris, KA Jama, YH Dehqanzada, ZA Murray, JL Shriver, CD Von Hofe, E Ponniah, S Peoples, GE AF Mittendorf, E. A. Khoo, S. Storrer, C. E. Harris, K. A. Jama, Y. H. Dehqanzada, Z. A. Murray, J. L. Shriver, C. D. Von Hofe, E. Ponniah, S. Peoples, G. E. TI Early results of a phase I clinical trial of an li-Key/Her2/neu MHC class II peptide-based vaccine in breast cancer patients. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY JUN 02-06, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Henry M Jackson Fdn, MRMC, TATRC, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Antigen Express Inc, Worcester, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 18 SU S BP 108S EP 108S PN 1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 063HN UT WOS:000239009400421 ER PT J AU Preston, GG Calvo, E Papadopoulos, K Patnaik, A Mita, A Sarantopoulos, J Mita, M O'Rourke, P Takimoto, C Tolcher, A AF Preston, G. G. Calvo, E. Papadopoulos, K. Patnaik, A. Mita, A. Sarantopoulos, J. Mita, M. O'Rourke, P. Takimoto, C. Tolcher, A. TI Multi-targeted inhibition of the epidermal growth factor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) pathways: A phase I study of cetuximab (C), erlotinib (E), and bevacizumab (B) in patients with solid tumors. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY JUN 02-06, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Canc Therapy & Res Ctr S Texas, Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 18 SU S BP 122S EP 122S PN 1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 063HN UT WOS:000239009400476 ER PT J AU D'Amico, AV Cullen, J Chen, Y McLeod, DG AF D'Amico, A. V. Cullen, J. Chen, Y. McLeod, D. G. TI Prostate-specific antigen velocity and the odds of detecting gleason 8 to 10 prostate cancer at biopsy. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY JUN 02-06, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 18 SU S BP 233S EP 233S PN 1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 063HN UT WOS:000239009401366 ER PT J AU Tsai, HK Chen, M McLeod, DG Carroll, PR Richie, JP D'Amico, AV AF Tsai, H. K. Chen, M. McLeod, D. G. Carroll, P. R. Richie, J. P. D'Amico, A. V. TI Cancer-specific survival following radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy and short course hormonal therapy in men with localized, unfavorable-risk prostate cancer. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY JUN 02-06, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Harvard Univ, Radiat Oncol Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 18 SU S BP 234S EP 234S PN 1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 063HN UT WOS:000239009401369 ER PT J AU See, WA McLeod, DG Iversen, P Wirth, MP Armstrong, J Navani, S AF See, W. A. McLeod, D. G. Iversen, P. Wirth, M. P. Armstrong, J. Navani, S. CA CASDODEX Early Prostate Canc Trial TI Effect of bicalutamide 150 mg on PSA progression in MO prostate cancer: Results from the Early Prostate Cancer program. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY JUN 02-06, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Rigshosp, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Tech Univ Dresden, D-8027 Dresden, Germany. AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 18 SU S BP 247S EP 247S PN 1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 063HN UT WOS:000239009401421 ER PT J AU Iversen, P Wirth, MP See, WA Mcleod, DG Morris, T Armstrong, J AF Iversen, P. Wirth, M. P. See, W. A., II Mcleod, D. G. Morris, T. Armstrong, J. CA CASODEX Early Prostate Canc Trial TI The influence of nodal status on progression outcomes in patients with prostate cancer: Data from the Early Prostate Cancer program at 7.4 years. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY JUN 02-06, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Rigshosp, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Tech Univ Dresden, D-8027 Dresden, Germany. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 18 SU S BP 248S EP 248S PN 1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 063HN UT WOS:000239009401425 ER PT J AU Wirth, MP See, WA McLeod, DG Iversen, P Morris, T Armstrong, J AF Wirth, M. P. See, W. A., II McLeod, D. G. Iversen, P. Morris, T. Armstrong, J. CA CASODEX Early Prostate Canc Trail TI Delaying metastatic disease progression in locally advanced disease - Results from the Early Prostate Cancer program at a median follow-up of 7.4 years. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY JUN 02-06, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Tech Univ Dresden, D-8027 Dresden, Germany. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Rigshosp, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 18 SU S BP 248S EP 248S PN 1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 063HN UT WOS:000239009401427 ER PT J AU Ellsworth, RE Becker, TE Ellsworth, DL Love, B Hooke, JA Shriver, CD AF Ellsworth, R. E. Becker, T. E. Ellsworth, D. L. Love, B. Hooke, J. A. Shriver, C. D. TI Patterns of genomic instability differentiate clinical outcomes in patients with invasive breast cancer. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY JUN 02-06, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. Invitrogen Informat, Carlsbad, CA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 18 SU S MA 10018 BP 545S EP 545S PN 1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 063HN UT WOS:000239009403474 PM 27955367 ER PT J AU Becker, TE Ellsworth, RE Ellsworth, DL Deyarmin, B Hooke, JA Shriver, CD AF Becker, T. E. Ellsworth, R. E. Ellsworth, D. L. Deyarmin, B. Hooke, J. A. Shriver, C. D. TI Comparison of genomic changes between tumors detected by screening mammography versus other methods. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY JUN 02-06, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Windber Res Inst, Windber, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 18 SU S MA 10033 BP 549S EP 549S PN 1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 063HN UT WOS:000239009403488 PM 27954109 ER PT J AU Khoo, S Kao, T Dehqanzada, ZA Storrer, CE Harris, KA Jama, YH Shriver, CD Ponniah, S Peoples, GE AF Khoo, S. Kao, T. Dehqanzada, Z. A. Storrer, C. E. Harris, K. A. Jama, Y. H. Shriver, C. D. Ponniah, S. Peoples, G. E. TI Developing a predictive model for disease status in breast cancer patients using Th1 and Th2 serum cytokine profiles. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY JUN 02-06, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 MRMC, TATRC, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Bethesda, MD USA. USUHS, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 20 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 18 SU S MA 10078 BP 560S EP 560S PN 1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 063HN UT WOS:000239009403532 PM 27953978 ER PT J AU Hommerich, U Brown, E Trivedi, SB Zavada, JM AF Hommerich, U. Brown, E. Trivedi, S. B. Zavada, J. M. TI Synthesis and 1.5 mu m emission properties of Nd3+ activated lead bromide and lead iodide crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID KPB2BR5; GROWTH; ENERGY; RBPB2BR5 AB We report on the purification, synthesis, and infrared emission properties of Nd doped PbBr2 and PbI2 crystals. Under optical excitation at similar to 0.8 mu m, characteristic Nd3+ emission lines arising from the F-4(3/2) level were observed. In addition, near infrared emission lines were also observed at similar to 0.97, similar to 1.2, and similar to 1.5 mu m arising from the F-4(5/2),H-2(9/2) states of Nd3+. The emission efficiency at 1.5 mu m was determined to be 74% for Nd:PbBr2 and 64% for Nd:PbI2 with peak emission cross sections in the range of (0.2-0.5)x10(-20) cm(2). These cross sections are comparable to those of Er3+ doped materials employed in optical communications and eye-safe lasers. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Brimrose Corp Amer, Baltimore, MD 21152 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Hommerich, U (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. EM uwe.hommerich@hamptonu.edu NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 19 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 25 AR 251906 DI 10.1063/1.2216420 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 055YR UT WOS:000238487800028 ER PT J AU Varnum, SM Warner, MG Dockendorff, B Anheier, NC Lou, JL Marks, JD Smith, LA Feldhaus, MJ Grate, JW Bruckner-Lea, CJ AF Varnum, SM Warner, MG Dockendorff, B Anheier, NC Lou, JL Marks, JD Smith, LA Feldhaus, MJ Grate, JW Bruckner-Lea, CJ TI Enzyme-amplified protein microarray and a fluidic renewable surface fluorescence immunoassay for botulinum neurotoxin detection using high-affinity recombinant antibodies SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE immunoassay; protein microarray; renewable microcolumn sensor; monoclonal antibody; botulinum neurotoxin A ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; FLOW-INJECTION; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; FUNCTIONAL ASSAYS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BEAD INJECTION; MICROCOLUMNS; PURIFICATION; SYSTEM; ELISA AB Two immunoassay platforms were developed for either the sensitive or rapid detection of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A), using high-affinity recombinant monoclonal antibodies against the receptor binding domain of the heavy chain of BoNT/A. These antibodies also bind the same epitopes of the receptor binding domain present on a nontoxic recombinant heavy chain fragment used for assay development and testing in the current study. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) microarray using tyramide amplification for localized labeling was developed for the specific and sensitive detection of BoNT. This assay has the sensitivity to detect BoNT in buffer and blood plasma samples down to 14 fM (1.4 pg mL(-1)). Three capture antibodies and one antibody combination were compared in the development of this assay. Using a selected pair from the same set of recombinant monoclonal antibodies, a renewable surface microcolumn sensor was developed for the rapid detection of BoNT/A in an automated fluidic system. The ELISA microarray assay, because of its sensitivity, offers a screening test with detection limits comparable to the mouse bioassay, with results available in hours instead of days. The renewable surface assay is less sensitive but much faster, providing results in less than 10 min. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Varnum, SM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM susan.varnum@pnl.gov NR 39 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JUN 16 PY 2006 VL 570 IS 2 BP 137 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2006.04.047 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 057WZ UT WOS:000238627200001 PM 17723391 ER PT J AU Sonna, LA Kuhlmeier, MM Carter, HC Hasday, JD Lilly, CM Fairchild, KD AF Sonna, Larry A. Kuhlmeier, Matthew M. Carter, Heather C. Hasday, Jeffrey D. Lilly, Craig M. Fairchild, Karen D. TI Effect of moderate hypothermia on gene expression by THP-1 cells: a DNA microarray study SO PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 101st International Conference of the American-Thoracic-Society CY MAY 20-25, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Thorac Soc, Fogarty AIDS Int Training & Res Program DE cold stress; thermal stress; heat shock; mononuclear cells ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA; CARDIAC-ARREST; COLD STRESS; HEAT; DIFFERENTIATION; ADULTS AB The mechanisms by which moderate hypothermia (32 C for 12-72 h) affect human cellular function are unclear. We tested the hypothesis that it produces broad changes in mRNA expression in vitro. Acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cells were incubated under control conditions (37 C) or moderate hypothermia (32 C) for 24 h. RNA was extracted, and the hypothermic response was confirmed by examining the expression of the cold-induced RNA-binding protein (CIRBP) gene by RT-PCR. Gene expression analysis was performed on seven sets of paired samples with Affymetrix U133A chips using established statistical methods. Sequences were considered affected by cold if they showed statistically significant changes in expression and also met published post hoc filter criteria (changes in geometric mean expression of >= 2-fold and expression calls of "present" or "marginal" in at least half of the experiments). Changes in the expression of selected sequences were further confirmed by PCR. Sixty-seven sequences met the criteria for increased expression ( including cold-inducible genes CIRBP and RNA binding motif 3), and 100 sequences showed decreased expression as a result of hypothermia. Functional categories affected by hypothermia included genes involved in immune responses; cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation; and metabolism and biosynthesis. Several heat shock proteins (HSPs) showed decreases in expression. Moderate hypothermia produces substantial changes in gene expression, in categories potentially of systemic importance. Cold exposure without rewarming decreased the expression of several HSPs. These in vitro findings suggest that prolonged hypothermia in vivo might be capable of producing physiologically relevant changes in gene expression by circulating leukocytes. C1 USA, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Res Inst Environm Med, Natick, MA USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Boston, MA USA. Univ Virginia Hosp, Div Neonatol, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Sonna, LA (reprint author), USA, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Res Inst Environm Med, 42 Kansas St, Natick, MA USA. EM larry_sonna@yahoo.com NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1094-8341 J9 PHYSIOL GENOMICS JI Physiol. Genomics PD JUN 16 PY 2006 VL 26 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00296.2005 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology GA 062AC UT WOS:000238915500009 PM 16595739 ER PT J AU Eckart, RE Scoville, SL Shry, EA Potter, RN Tedrow, U AF Eckart, RE Scoville, SL Shry, EA Potter, RN Tedrow, U TI Causes of sudden death in young female military recruits SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARDIAC DEATH; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; WOMEN AB This study sought to examine the incidence of sudden death in a large, multiethnic cohort of young women. Approximately 852,300 women entered basic military training from 1977 to 2001. During this period, there were 15 sudden deaths in female recruits (median age 19 years, 73% African-American), occurring at a median of 25 days after arrival for training. Of the sudden deaths, 13 (81%) were due to reasons that may have been cardiac in origin. Presumed arrhythmic sudden death in the setting of a structurally normal heart was seen in 8 recruits (53%), and anomalous coronary origins were found in 2 recruits (13%). The mortality rate was 11.4 deaths per 100,000 recruit-years (95% confidence interval 6.9 to 18.9). The rate was significantly higher for African-American female recruits (risk ratio 10.2, p < 0.001). Sudden death with a structurally normal heart was the leading cause of death in female recruits during military training. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. USA, Med Command, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Eckart, RE (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM robert.eckart@us.army.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 12 BP 1756 EP 1758 DI 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.01.036 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 055EZ UT WOS:000238434100017 PM 16765129 ER PT J AU Rivera, VR Gamez, FJ Keener, WK White, JA Poli, MA AF Rivera, VR Gamez, FJ Keener, WK White, JA Poli, MA TI Rapid detection of Clostridium botulinum toxins A, B, E, and F in clinical samples, selected food matrices, and buffer using paramagnetic bead-based electrochemiluminescence detection SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE botulinum toxin; toxin detection; clinical samples; food; paramagnetic beads; immunodetection; electrochemiluminescence assay; Clostridium botulinum ID COLORIMETRIC CAPTURE ELISAS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SEROTYPE-B; NEUROTOXIN; ANTIBODY AB Sensitive and specific electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assays were used to detect Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins serotypes A, B, E, and F in undiluted human serum, undiluted human urine, assay buffer, and selected food matrices (whole milk, apple juice, ground beef, pastry, and raw eggs). These novel assays used paramagnetic bead-based electrochemiluminescent technology in which biotinylated serotype-specific antibodies were bound to streptavidin-coated paramagnetic beads. The beads acted as the solid support and captured analyte from solution. Electrochemiluminescent detection relied on the use of ruthenium chelate-labeled anti-serotype antibodies and analysis with a BioVeris M-Series M1R analyzer. The sensitivities of the assays in clinically relevant matrices were 50 pg/ml for serotypes A and E, 100 pg/ml for serotype B, and 400 pg/ml for serotype F. The detection limits in selected food matrices ranged from 50 pg/ml for serotype A to 50 to 100 pg/ml for serotypes B, E, and F. The antibodies used for capture and detection exhibited no cross-reactivity when tested with the other serotypes. When purified native toxin was compared with toxins complexed to neurotoxin-associated proteins, no significant differences in assay response were noted for serotypes A, B, and F. Interestingly, the native form of serotype E exhibited reduced signal and limit of detection compared with the complexed form of the protein. We suspect that this difference may be due to trypsin activation of this particular serotype. The assays described in this article demonstrate limits of detection similar in range to the gold standard mouse bioassay, but with greatly reduced time to data. These rapid sensitive assays may have potential use in clinical settings, research studies, and screening of food products for botulinum toxins. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. BioVeris Corp, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. RP Rivera, VR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM victor.rivera@det.amedd.army.mil NR 21 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 353 IS 2 BP 248 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2006.02.030 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 052BE UT WOS:000238204700012 PM 16620745 ER PT J AU McKenzie, FE Smith, DL O'Meara, WP Forney, JR Magill, AJ Permpanich, B Erhart, LM Sirichaisinthop, J Wongsrichanalai, C Gasser, RA AF McKenzie, F. Ellis Smith, David L. O'Meara, Wendy P. Forney, J. Russ Magill, Alan J. Permpanich, Barnyen Erhart, Laura M. Sirichaisinthop, Jeeraphat Wongsrichanalai, Chansuda Gasser, Robert A., Jr. TI Fever in patients with mixed-species malaria SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BLOOD-STAGE DYNAMICS; PLASMODIUM-VIVAX; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; PARASITE DENSITY; INFECTIONS; THAILAND; POPULATION; VACCINE; PUNJAB AB Background. Clinical symptoms of mixed-species malaria infections have been variously reported as both less severe and more severe than those of single-species infections. Methods. Oral temperatures were taken from and blood slides were prepared for 2308 adults who presented at outpatient malaria clinics in Tak Province (Thailand) during May-August 1998, May-July 1999, and May-June 2001 with malaria infections diagnosed by 2 expert research microscopists, each of whom was blinded to the other's reports. Results. In each year, temperatures of patients with mixed Plasmodium vivax-Plasmodium falciparum infections were higher than temperatures of patients with P. vivax or P. falciparum infections. In every mixed-species case, P. falciparum parasitemia was higher than P. vivax parasitemia, but patient temperature was not correlated with the parasitemia of either species or with the total parasitemia. Conclusions. Among adults who self-report to malaria clinics in western Thailand, patients with mixed P. vivax-P. falciparum infections have higher fevers than patients with single-species infections, a distinction that cannot be attributed to differences in parasitemia. This observation warrants more detailed investigations, spanning wider ranges of ages and transmission environments. C1 NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Minist Publ Hlth, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Communicable Dis Control, Bangkok, Thailand. NAMRU 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP McKenzie, FE (reprint author), NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 16, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM em225k@nih.gov RI Smith, David/L-8850-2013 OI Smith, David/0000-0003-4367-3849 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 TW999999] NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1713 EP 1718 DI 10.1086/504330 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 043TO UT WOS:000237624800010 PM 16705577 ER PT J AU Boehm, JA Debroux, PS AF Boehm, JA Debroux, PS TI Distortion of a received radar pulse due to high target velocity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB This paper presents a method to determine the signal received for the general radar problem, i.e., velocity, translation/rotation, displacement, and modifications caused by the target. In addition to the velocity and spatial/rotation, displacement effects of the radar receiver are included. The narrow-band restriction of the signal does not apply. Once the received signal is determined, it can be compared to the original transmitted signal and the changes in the radar parameters can be determined. These changes are incorporated in the matched filter processing to produce the same output wave forms as if the transmitted wave form was not modified by the motion of the target. The method uses the Poincare transform and a mathematical representation of the reflection and modifications created by the moving target. The solution for the monostatic radar case is presented in detail. Three examples are given to demonstrate the use of the method in the monostatic radar case. C1 USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. RP Boehm, JA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. EM jboehm@arl.army.mil NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 12 AR 124907 DI 10.1063/1.2205407 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 059JV UT WOS:000238730000118 ER PT J AU Geisbert, TW Hensley, LE Kagan, E Yu, EYZ Geisbert, JB Daddario-DiCaprio, K Fritz, EA Jahrling, PB McClintock, K Phelps, JR Lee, ACH Judge, A Jeffs, LB MacLachlan, I AF Geisbert, TW Hensley, LE Kagan, E Yu, EYZ Geisbert, JB Daddario-DiCaprio, K Fritz, EA Jahrling, PB McClintock, K Phelps, JR Lee, ACH Judge, A Jeffs, LB MacLachlan, I TI Postexposure protection of guinea pigs against a lethal Ebola virus challenge is conferred by RNA interference SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Congress of Virology CY JUL 23-28, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA ID VIVO GENE-EXPRESSION; MARBURG-VIRUS; IN-VIVO; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; DENDRITIC CELLS; MODIFIED SIRNAS; INFECTED MICE; PLASMID DNA; MOUSE MODEL AB Background. Ebola virus (EBOV) infection causes a frequently fatal hemorrhagic fever (HF) that is refractory to treatment with currently available antiviral therapeutics. RNA interference represents a powerful, naturally occurring biological strategy for the inhibition of gene expression and has demonstrated utility in the inhibition of viral replication. Here, we describe the development of a potential therapy for EBOV infection that is based on small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Methods. Four siRNAs targeting the polymerase (L) gene of the Zaire species of EBOV (ZEBOV) were either complexed with polyethylenimine (PEI) or formulated in stable nucleic acid-lipid particles (SNALPs). Guinea pigs were treated with these siRNAs either before or after lethal ZEBOV challenge. Results. Treatment of guinea pigs with a pool of the L gene-specific siRNAs delivered by PEI polyplexes reduced plasma viremia levels and partially protected the animals from death when administered shortly before the ZEBOV challenge. Evaluation of the same pool of siRNAs delivered using SNALPs proved that this system was more efficacious, as it completely protected guinea pigs against viremia and death when administered shortly after the ZEBOV challenge. Additional experiments showed that 1 of the 4 siRNAs alone could completely protect guinea pigs from a lethal ZEBOV challenge. Conclusions. Further development of this technology has the potential to yield effective treatments for EBOV HF as well as for diseases caused by other agents that are considered to be biological threats. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Protiva Biotherapeut, Burnaby, BC, Canada. NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Geisbert, TW (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM tom.geisbert@amedd.army.mil NR 43 TC 169 Z9 177 U1 1 U2 27 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 193 IS 12 BP 1650 EP 1657 DI 10.1086/504267 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 042TV UT WOS:000237553400007 PM 16703508 ER PT J AU Sun, W Nisalak, A Gettayacamin, M Eckels, KH Putnak, JR Vaughn, DW Innis, BL Thomas, SJ Endy, TP AF Sun, Wellington Nisalak, Ananda Gettayacamin, Montip Eckels, Kenneth H. Putnak, J. Robert Vaughn, David W. Innis, Bruce L. Thomas, Stephen J. Endy, Timothy P. TI Protection of rhesus monkeys against dengue virus challenge after tetravalent live attenuated dengue virus vaccination SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT ENHANCEMENT; CLINICAL LABORATORY RESPONSES; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; DISEASE SEVERITY; HUMAN VOLUNTEERS; INFECTION; IMMUNIZATION; PATHOGENESIS; VIREMIA; FORMULATIONS AB Rhesus monkeys develop viremia after dengue virus (DENV) inoculation and have been used as an animal model to study DENV infection and DENV vaccine candidates. We evaluated, in this model, the protective efficacy of a live attenuated tetravalent DENV vaccine (TDV) candidate against parenteral challenge with parental near-wild-type DENV strains. Twenty monkeys were vaccinated with TDV at 0 and 1 month, and 20 unvaccinated monkeys served as controls. Vaccinated animals and their controls were inoculated with 103 10(4) pfu of challenge virus 4.5 months after the second vaccination. Primary vaccination resulted in 95%, 100%, 70%, and 15% seroconversion to DENV serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 (DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4), respectively. After the second vaccination, the seropositivity rates were 100%, 100%, 90%, and 70%, respectively. Vaccination with TDV resulted in complete protection against viremia from DENV-2 challenge and in 80%, 80%, and 50% protection against challenge with DENV-1, -3, and -4, respectively. Our results suggest that the TDV can elicit protective immunity against all 4 DENV serotypes. Interference among the 4 vaccine viruses may have resulted in decreased antibody responses to DENV-3 and -4, which would require reformulation or dose optimization to minimize this interference during testing of the vaccine in humans. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Virus Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Biol Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, United States Army Med Component, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, United States Army Med Component, Dept Vet Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Sun, W (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Virus Res, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM wellinton.sun@us.army.mil NR 34 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 193 IS 12 BP 1658 EP 1665 DI 10.1086/503372 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 042TV UT WOS:000237553400008 PM 16703509 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI The detonators: The secret plot to destroy America and an epic hunt for justice. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 US Army Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), US Army Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 131 IS 11 BP 84 EP 84 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 054VA UT WOS:000238405500173 ER PT J AU Yong, Z Zhan, C Lee, J Yin, SZ Ruffin, P AF Yong, Z Zhan, C Lee, J Yin, SZ Ruffin, P TI Multiple parameter vector bending and high-temperature sensors based on asymmetric multimode fiber Bragg gratings inscribed by an infrared femtosecond laser SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-FIBERS; PHASE MASK; RADIATION AB We present a multiple parameter integrated fiber sensor that can detect vector bending and ambient temperature simultaneously with a single asymmetric multimode fiber Bragg grating. Multimode Bragg gratings were fabricated in an all-silica core fiber by an infrared femtosecond laser, which showed multiple transmission dips in the transmission spectrum. Bending and ambient temperature fluctuations affect the shapes of multiple transmission dips in different Ways. In bending, different dips have different sensitivities. On the other hand, temperature fluctuations tended to influence the dips uniformly across different dips. By analyzing the changing spectrum of dips, one can distinguish the changes induced by bending or temperature fluctuations. Furthermore, the high thermal stability of Bragg gratings inscribed by an infrared femtosecond laser can make this double parameter fiber sensor work in very harsh, high-temperature environments. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Yong, Z (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sxyl05@psu.edu NR 10 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 12 BP 1794 EP 1796 DI 10.1364/OL.31.001794 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 051JG UT WOS:000238156800006 PM 16729073 ER PT J AU Donovan, DJ Freeman, JH AF Donovan, DJ Freeman, JH TI Solitary intramedullary spinal cord tumor presenting as the initial manifestation of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Case report SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE spinal cord; metastasis; renal cell carcinoma; neoplasm ID HIPPEL-LINDAU-DISEASE; OF-THE-LITERATURE; HEMANGIOBLASTOMA AB Study Design. We present the case of a patient with a solitary neoplasm of the intramedullary spinal cord. Objective. The tumor caused findings of Brown-Se-quard syndrome and was the initial presentation of widely metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Summary of Background Data. Metastasis of the intramedullary spinal cord has been uncommonly reported and is extremely rare as the initial sign of a disseminated carcinoma. Methods. The tumor was resected, and the patient's neurologic deficits slowly improved. The histopathology suggested an epithelioid neoplasm. However, despite expert review, the diagnosis was nonspecific, and the tumor appeared benign. Results. It soon recurred in the spinal cord, and repeat imaging studies showed numerous new metastases and a primary renal neoplasm. Biopsy and a repeat histopathologic analysis confirmed RCC, and the patient died of disseminated disease within another 2 months. Conclusions. Despite being uncommon, spinal cord metastases should be considered in some patients before surgery because it may expedite diagnosis, mitigate the need for surgery, and improve the quality of life for these patients. Clinical factors suggesting metastasis include a personal or family history of malignancy or conditions predisposing to it, the presence of multiple tumors in the spinal cord or elsewhere, nonspecific constitutional symptoms, such as weight loss or decreased appetite, and, specifically for RCC, an abnormally increased hematocrit. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Neurosurg Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Anat Pathol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Donovan, DJ (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Neurosurg Serv, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM donovand001@hawaii.rr.com NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 14 BP E460 EP E463 DI 10.1097/01.brs.0000222022.67502.4e PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 053RV UT WOS:000238323700032 PM 16778676 ER PT J AU Brimfield, AA Novak, MJ Hodgson, E AF Brimfield, AA Novak, MJ Hodgson, E TI Thiodiglycol, the hydrolysis product of sulfur mustard: Analysis of in vitro biotransformation by mammalian alcohol dehydrogenases using nuclear magnetic resonance SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur mustard; thiodiglycol; in vitro metabolism; alcohol dehydrogenase; NMR ID RAT-LIVER; METABOLISM; 2,2'-THIOBIS-ETHANOL; IDENTIFICATION; OXIDATION; KINETICS; PROTEIN; NADH; GAS AB Thiodiglycol (2,2'-bis-hydroxyethyl sulfide, TDG), the hydrolysis product of the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard, has been implicated in the toxicity of sulfur mustard through the inhibition of protein phosphatases in mouse liver cytosol. The absence of any inhibitory activity when TDG was present in assays of pure enzymes, however, led us to investigate the possibility for metabolic activation of TDG to inhibitory compound (s) by cytosolic enzymes. We have successfully shown that mammalian alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) rapidly oxidize TDG in vitro, but the classic spectrophotometric techniques for following this reaction provided no information on the identity of TDG intermediates and products. The use of proton NMR to monitor the oxidative reaction with structural confirmation by independent synthesis allowed us to establish the ultimate product, 2-hydroxyethylthioacetic acid, and to identify an intermediate equilibrium mixture consisting of 2-hydroxyethylthioacetaldehyde, 2-hydroxyethylthioacetaldehyde hydrate and the cyclic 1,4-oxathian-2-ol. The intermediate nature of this mixture was determined spectrophotometrically when it was shown to drive the production of NADH when added to ADH and NAD. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Florida Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Brimfield, AA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM alan.a.brimfield@us.army.mil NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 213 IS 3 BP 207 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2005.11.009 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 054WQ UT WOS:000238409700003 PM 16417912 ER PT J AU Boles, J West, M Montgomery, V Tammariello, R Pitt, MLM Gibbs, P Smith, L LeClaire, RD AF Boles, James West, Michael Montgomery, Vicki Tammariello, Ralph Pitt, M. Louise M. Gibbs, Paul Smith, Leonard LeClaire, Ross D. TI Recombinant C fragment of botulinum neurotoxin B serotype (rBoNTB (H-C)) immune response and protection in the rhesus monkey SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE recombinant; vaccine; botulinum neurotoxin; serotype B; aerosol ID PICHIA-PASTORIS; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; VACCINE CANDIDATE; NERVE-TERMINALS; MOTOR NERVES; PURIFICATION; MECHANISM; EFFICACY AB Botulinum neurotoxin B (BoNTB) is a distinct protein subtype of a family of neurotoxins with the potential for use in biological warfare or terrorist attacks. This study is one in a series evaluating the immunogenicity and protective effects of recombinant vaccines against the different subtypes of botulinum toxin. The recombinant subunit vaccines encoding the C fragment portion (similar to 50 kDa) of the toxins are produced in the yeast, Pichia pastoris. In this study, groups of rhesus monkeys were vaccinated with three doses (1 and 5 mu g per dose) of rBoNTB(H-c) vaccine. Total and neutralizing antibody titers were determined at various times during and postvaccination. Two groups of vaccinated monkeys plus non-vaccinated controls were actively challenged with B toxin by aerosol exposure. All monkeys receiving vaccine were protected from the toxin and no clinical signs of disease were observed, while controls displaying classic signs of botulism succumbed to the toxin challenge. Two additional groups of monkeys receiving the same vaccine regiment as the first two groups had significant levels of circulating neutralizing antibody titers up to 24 months postvaccination. This non-human primate study demonstrated the short and long-term immunity afforded by the rBoNTB(H-c) vaccine. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Boles, J (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, ATTN-MCHB-TS-T,5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM james.boles@us.army.mil NR 21 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD JUN 15 PY 2006 VL 47 IS 8 BP 877 EP 884 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.02.013 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 062RS UT WOS:000238962800007 PM 16730042 ER PT J AU Trakhtenberg, S Warner, JC Nagarajan, R Bruno, FF Samuelson, LA Kumar, J AF Trakhtenberg, Sofia Warner, John C. Nagarajan, Ramaswamy Bruno, Ferdinando F. Samuelson, Lynne A. Kumar, Jayant TI Spectroscopic and microscopic analysis of photo-cross-linked vinylbenzylthymine copolymers for photoresist applications SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID REDUCED ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT; THYMINE; LINKING; POLYANILINE AB The success of semiconductor technology over the last few decades has clearly established the importance of photoresists in manufacture of these devices. While the fundamental focus of the development in the photoresists area has often been in obtaining smaller feature size(s) at reduced cost, the toxicity and the environmental impact of these photoresists are not always factored into the design of these resists. Here we report a new family of water-soluble photopolymers that can potentially be useful as environmentally benign "negative working" photoresists. This water-soluble polystyrene copolymer, vinylbenzylthymine-vinylphenylsulfonate (VBT-VPS) can be easily coated on a variety of substrates including flexible plastics such as polyethylterephthalate (PET). The chemistry of the cross-linking and immobilization of these "bio-inspired" photoresists has been derived from a simple photochemical transformation that occurs in nature (2 pi + 2 pi photodimerization of thymine). In this study we report the irradiation-dose dependence of cross-linking/immobilization of VBT-VPS films on PET substrates. Noncontact atomic force microscopy has been used to measure the thickness of films formed at various exposure times. In addition, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been used to estimate the dose-dependent progression of film thickness and qualitatively observe the change in composition of the films upon irradiation. It has been demonstrated that these techniques can provide complementary information on photoinduced immobilization of VBT-VPS films that are crucial for developing this new class of environmentally benign materials for photoresist applications. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plast Engn, Ctr Green Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. US Army Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Warner, JC (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plast Engn, Ctr Green Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM John_Warner@uml.edu NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUN 13 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2873 EP 2878 DI 10.1021/cm0515303 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 049WM UT WOS:000238048400014 ER PT J AU Ramachandran, S Narayan, J Prater, JT AF Ramachandran, S Narayan, J Prater, JT TI Effect of oxygen annealing on Mn doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; FERROMAGNETISM; TEMPERATURE; OXIDES AB We have investigated the properties of Zn1-xMnxO (x=0.01-0.1) thin films grown on c-plane sapphire single crystals by pulsed laser deposition. The electrical, magnetic, optical, and microstructural properties of these thin films have been characterized systematically, with a primary focus on establishing a correlation between magnetic properties and electrical conductivity. We have shown that this system exhibits ferromagnetism at room temperature when in the conducting as-deposited state. However, upon high temperature annealing in excess oxygen, the samples become insulating and exhibit nonferromagnetic behavior at room temperature. Thus, it is possible to tune ferromagnetism in Zn1-xMnxO diluted magnetic semiconductors by controlling the concentrations of oxygen vacancies and substitutional Mn dopants.(c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, NSF, Ctr Adv Mat & Smart Struct, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Div Mat Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Ramachandran, S (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, NSF, Ctr Adv Mat & Smart Struct, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM sramach@unity.ncsu.edu RI Narayan, Jagdish/D-1874-2009 NR 16 TC 125 Z9 130 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 12 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 24 AR 242503 DI 10.1063/1.2213930 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 053OP UT WOS:000238314800059 ER PT J AU Borrow, R Carlone, GM Rosenstein, N Plikaytis, B Blake, M Feavers, I Martin, D Zollinger, W Robbins, J Aaberge, I Granoff, DM Miller, E van Alphen, L Poolman, J Rappuoli, R Danzig, L Hackell, J Danve, B Caulfield, M Lambert, S Stephens, D AF Borrow, R. Carlone, G. M. Rosenstein, N. Plikaytis, B. Blake, M. Feavers, I. Martin, D. Zollinger, W. Robbins, J. Aaberge, I. Granoff, D. M. Miller, E. van Alphen, L. Poolman, J. Rappuoli, R. Danzig, L. Hackell, J. Danve, B. Caulfield, M. Lambert, S. Stephens, D. TI Neisseria meningitidis group B correlates of protection and assay standardization - International meeting report Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 16-17 march 2005 SO VACCINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; MEMBRANE-VESICLE VACCINE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI K1; SERUM BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; TOXOID CONJUGATE VACCINE; MENINGOCOCCAL SEROGROUP-B; GROUP-C; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY C1 Manchester Royal Infirm, Vaccine Evaluat Unit, Hlth Protect Agcy, Manchester M13 9WZ, Lancs, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. Inst Environm Sci, Porirua, New Zealand. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94660 USA. Hlth Protect Agcy Ctr Infect, London NW9 5EQ, England. Netherlands Vaccine Inst, NL-3720 AL Bilthoven, Netherlands. GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. Chiron Vaccines, Siena, Italy. Chiron Vaccines, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. Wyeth Vaccines, Pearl River, NY 10965 USA. Sanofi Pasteur, F-69280 Marcy Letoile, France. Merck & Co Inc, West Point, PA 19486 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Emory Univ, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Borrow, R (reprint author), Manchester Med Microbiol Partnership, Meningococcal Reference Unit, Hlth Protect Agcy N W, Manchester Lab,Manchester Royal Infirm, POB 209,Clin Sci Bldg, Manchester M13 9WZ, Lancs, England. EM ray.borrow@hpa.org.uk RI Zollinger, Wendell/B-2887-2011 NR 101 TC 97 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 12 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 24 BP 5093 EP 5107 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.03.091 PG 15 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 058BD UT WOS:000238638200001 PM 16838413 ER PT J AU Leitner, WW Bergmann-Leitner, ES Hwang, LN Restifo, NP AF Leitner, WW Bergmann-Leitner, ES Hwang, LN Restifo, NP TI Type I Interferons are essential for the efficacy of replicase-based DNA vaccines SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE DNA vaccines; alphavirus; type IIFN; tumor therapy ID PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELLS; HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; VIRAL-INFECTION; TUMOR REJECTION; CPG MOTIFS; INNATE; ACTIVATION; ANTIGEN; RNA AB The immunogenicity and efficacy of nucleic acid vaccines can be greatly enhanced when antigen production is under the control of an alphaviral replicase enzyme. However, replicase-mediated mRNA overproduction does not necessarily result in enhanced antigen level. Instead, the strong adaptive immune response of alphavirus replicon-based vectors is due to their production of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) intermediates, which trigger innate immunity. Because viral infections are known to trigger innate immune responses that lead to the rapid production of Type I Interferons (IFNs), namely IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, we investigated the role of Type I IFNs in the enhanced immunogenicity of replicase-based DNA vaccines. In vitro, cells transfected with replicase-based plasmids produce significantly more Type I IFNs than cells transfected with a conventional DNA plasmid. In vivo, replicase-based DNA vaccines yield stronger humoral responses in the absence of Type I IFN signaling but the lack of this signaling pathway in IFN-alpha beta receptor-/- (knockout) mice abolishes T cell mediated efficacy against tumors of both conventional and alphavirus replicase-based DNA vaccines. Moreover, the co-delivery of an IFN alpha-encoding plasmid significantly improved the efficacy of a weakly immunogenic conventional plasmid. These results suggest a central role for Type I IFNs in the mechanism of replicase-based DNA vaccines and indicate that vaccines can be enhanced by enabling their capacity to triggering innate anti-viral defense pathways. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NCI, Dermatol Branch, Clin Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Leitner, WW (reprint author), NCI, Dermatol Branch, Clin Res Ctr, NIH, Rm 12N238, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM wolfgang_leitner@nih.gov; restifo@nih.gov RI Restifo, Nicholas/A-5713-2008; Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/B-3548-2011; Leitner, Wolfgang/F-5741-2011; OI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/0000-0002-8571-8956; Leitner, Wolfgang/0000-0003-3125-5922; Restifo, Nicholas P./0000-0003-4229-4580 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 BC010763-01, Z99 CA999999] NR 51 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 12 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 24 BP 5110 EP 5118 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.04.059 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 058BD UT WOS:000238638200003 PM 16725231 ER PT J AU Kuhn, JH Radoshitzky, SR Guth, AC Warfield, KL Li, WH Vincent, MJ Towner, JS Nichol, ST Bavari, S Choe, H Aman, MJ Farzan, M AF Kuhn, JH Radoshitzky, SR Guth, AC Warfield, KL Li, WH Vincent, MJ Towner, JS Nichol, ST Bavari, S Choe, H Aman, MJ Farzan, M TI Conserved receptor-binding domains of Lake Victoria marburgvirus and Zaire ebolavirus bind a common receptor SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME-2; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SARS CORONAVIRUS; DC-SIGN; SPIKE PROTEIN; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS; TYROSINE SULFATION; SURFACE PROTEIN; MEMBRANE-FUSION AB The GP(1,2) envelope glycoproteins (GP) of filoviruses (marburg- and ebolaviruses) mediate cell-surface attachment, membrane fusion, and entry into permissive cells. Here we show that a 151-amino acid fragment of the Lake Victoria marburgvirus GP1 subunit bound filovirus-permissive cell lines more efficiently than full-length GP1. An homologous 148-amino acid fragment of the Zaire ebolavirus GP1 subunit similarly bound the same cell lines more efficiently than a series of longer GP1 truncation variants. Neither the marburgvirus GP1 fragment nor that of ebolavirus bound a nonpermissive lymphocyte cell line. Both fragments specifically inhibited replication of infectious Zaire ebolavirus, as well as entry of retroviruses pseudotyped with either Lake Victoria marburgvirus or Zaire ebolavirus GP(1,2). These studies identify the receptor-binding domains of both viruses, indicate that these viruses utilize a common receptor, and suggest that a single small molecule or vaccine can be developed to inhibit infection of all filoviruses. C1 Harvard Univ, New England Reg Primate Res Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. Free Univ Berlin, Dept Biol, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Farzan, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, New England Reg Primate Res Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, 1 Pine Hill Dr, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. EM farzan@hms.harvard.edu RI Kuhn, Jens H./B-7615-2011; OI Kuhn, Jens H./0000-0002-7800-6045; Li, Wenhui/0000-0003-1305-7404 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI057159] NR 56 TC 87 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUN 9 PY 2006 VL 281 IS 23 BP 15951 EP 15958 DI 10.1074/jbc.M601796200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 049DM UT WOS:000237996000046 PM 16595665 ER PT J AU Armstrong, DW Gore, KL Freed, MC Liu, X Engel, CC AF Armstrong, D. W., III Gore, K. L. Freed, M. C. Liu, X. Engel, C. C. TI Screening for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in primary care. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Deployment Hlth Clin Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S222 EP S222 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901363 ER PT J AU Cowan, DN Niebuhr, DW Millikan, AM Yolken, RT Li, Y Brundage, M AF Cowan, D. N. Niebuhr, D. W. Millikan, A. M. Yolken, R. T. Li, Y. Brundage, M. TI Schizophrenia (SCZ) and antibodies (AB) to toxoplasma gondii (TG). SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Niebuhr, David/B-7865-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S238 EP S238 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132901427 ER PT J AU Zhu, K Wu, H Jatoi, I AF Zhu, K. Wu, H. Jatoi, I. TI Body mass index and colorectal cancer screening. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd North American Congress of Epidemiology CY JUN 21-24, 2006 CL Seattle, WA C1 US Mil Acad, Inst Canc, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 11 SU S BP S106 EP S106 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 051AP UT WOS:000238132900424 ER PT J AU Barnholt, KE Hoffman, AR Rock, PB Muza, SR Fulco, CS Braun, B Holloway, L Mazzeo, RS Cymerman, A Friedlander, AL AF Barnholt, KE Hoffman, AR Rock, PB Muza, SR Fulco, CS Braun, B Holloway, L Mazzeo, RS Cymerman, A Friedlander, AL TI Endocrine responses to acute and chronic high-altitude exposure (4,300 meters): modulating effects of caloric restriction SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE altitude; hypoxia; hormones; energy balance; acclimatization; caloric restriction ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; WEIGHT-LOSS; OPERATION EVEREST; CORTISOL SECRETION; SIMULATED ASCENT; THYROID-FUNCTION; PLASMA-LEVELS; HUMANS; HYPOXIA; GLUCOSE AB High-altitude anorexia leads to a hormonal response pattern modulated by both hypoxia and caloric restriction (CR). The purpose of this study was to compare altitude-induced neuroendocrine changes with or without energy imbalance and to explore how energy sufficiency alters the endocrine acclimatization process. Twenty-six normal-weight, young men were studied for 3 wk. One group [hypocaloric group ( HYPO), n = 9] stayed at sea level and consumed 40% fewer calories than required to maintain body weight. Two other groups were deployed to 4,300 meters (Pikes Peak, CO), where one group (ADQ, n = 7) was adequately fed to maintain body weight and the other [deficient group (DEF), n = 10] had calories restricted as above. HYPO experienced a typical CR-induced reduction in many hormones such as insulin, testosterone, and leptin. At altitude, fasting glucose, insulin, and epinephrine exhibited a muted rise in DEF compared with ADQ. Free thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and norepinephrine showed similar patterns between the two altitude groups. Morning cortisol initially rose higher in DEF than ADQ at 4,300 meters, but the difference disappeared by day 5. Testosterone increased in both altitude groups acutely but declined over time in DEF only. Adiponectin and leptin did not change significantly from sea level baseline values in either altitude group regardless of energy intake. These data suggest that hypoxia tends to increase blood hormone concentrations, but anorexia suppresses elements of the endocrine response. Such suppression results in the preservation of energy stores but may sacrifice the facilitation of oxygen delivery and the use of oxygen-efficient fuels. C1 VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, GRECC, Clin Studies Unit, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Vet Affairs Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Med Serv, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Stanford Univ, Program Human Biol, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Aerosp & Hyberbar Med, Tulsa, OK USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Exercise Sci, Amherst, NY USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Kinesiol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Friedlander, AL (reprint author), VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, GRECC, Clin Studies Unit, 182B,Bldg MB2,3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM friedlan@stanford.edu NR 57 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 290 IS 6 BP E1078 EP E1088 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00449.2005 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 046HX UT WOS:000237803300003 PM 16380390 ER PT J AU Wolf, SE Kauvar, DS Wade, CE Cancio, LC Renz, EP Horvath, EE White, CE Park, MS Wanek, S Albrecht, MA Blackbourne, LH Barillo, DJ Holcomb, JB AF Wolf, Steven E. Kauvar, David S. Wade, Charles E. Cancio, Leopoldo C. Renz, Evan P. Horvath, Edward E. White, Christopher E. Park, Myung S. Wanek, Sandra Albrecht, Michael A. Blackbourne, Lorne H. Barillo, David J. Holcomb, John B. TI Comparison between civilian burns and combat burns from operation Iraqi freedom and operation enduring freedom SO ANNALS OF SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 117th Annual Meeting of the Southern-Surgical-Association CY DEC, 2005 CL Hot Springs, VA SP So Surg Assoc ID MORTALITY; INJURIES; CHILDREN; PATIENT; PREVENTION; PREDICTION; EXCISION; OUTCOMES; TRAUMA; AGE AB Objective: To assess outcome differences between locally burned civilians and military personnel burned in a distant combat zone treated in the same facility. Summary Background Data: The United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR) Burn Center serves as a referral center for civilians and is the sole center for significant bums in military personnel. We made the hypothesis that outcomes for military personnel burned in the current conflict in Iraq and Afghanistan would be poorer because of delays to definitive treatment, other associated injury, and distance of evacuation. Methods: We reviewed the civilian and military records of patients treated at the USAISR from the outset of hostilities in Iraq in April 2003 to May 2005. Demographics, injury data, mortality, and clinical outcomes were compared. Results: We cared for 751 patients during this time period, 273 of whom were military (36%). Military injuries occurred in a younger population (41 +/- 19 vs. 26 +/- 7 years for civilian and military respectively, P < 0.0001) with a longer time from injury to burn center arrival (1 +/- 5 days vs. 6 5, P < 0.0001), a higher Injury Severity Score (ISS 5 +/- 8 vs. 9 11, P < 0.0001), and a higher incidence of inhalation injury (8% vs. 13%, P = 0.024). Total burn size did not differ. Mortality was 7.1% in the civilian and 3.8% in the military group (P = 0.076). When civilians outside the age range of the military cohort were excluded, civilian mortality was 5.0%, which did not differ from the military group (P = 0.57). Total body surface area (TBSA) burned, age >= 40 years, presence of inhalation injury, and ventilator days were found to be important predictors of mortality by stepwise regression, and were used in a final predictive model with the area under receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.97 for both populations considered together. No significant effect of either group was identified during development. Conclusions: Mortality does not differ between civilians evacuated locally and military personnel injured in distant austere environments treated at the same center. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Burn Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 79234 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Wolf, SE (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Burn Ctr, 3400 Rawley E Chambers,Bldg 3611, Ft Sam Houston, TX 79234 USA. EM steven.wolf@amedd.army.mil OI Wolf, Steven/0000-0003-2972-3440 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM 0633081] NR 21 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-4932 J9 ANN SURG JI Ann. Surg. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 243 IS 6 BP 786 EP 795 DI 10.1097/01.sla.0000219645.88867.b7 PG 10 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 048QW UT WOS:000237962600014 PM 16772782 ER PT J AU Moon, JE Ellis, MC Griffith, ME Hawley, JS Rivard, RG McCall, S Hospenthal, DR Murray, CK AF Moon, JE Ellis, MC Griffith, ME Hawley, JS Rivard, RG McCall, S Hospenthal, DR Murray, CK TI Efficacy of macrolides and telithromycin against leptospirosis in a hamster model SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; DOXYCYCLINE; PENICILLIN; SUSCEPTIBILITIES; THERAPY AB Human studies support the use of beta-lactams and tetracyclines in the treatment of leptospirosis. Additional agents from these and other classes of antimicrobials also have in vitro activity against Leptospira species, though corroborating in vivo data are limited or lacking. We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and telithromycin in a lethal hamster model of leptospirosis using Leptospira interrogans serogroup Canicola serovar Portlandvere. A range of dosages for each antimicrobial was given to the infected animals on days 2 through 7 (5 days) of the 21-day survival model. All untreated control animals survived less than 10 days from infection. Ninety to 100% of doxycycline controls, treated for 5 days with 5 mg/kg of body weight of drug, survived to 21 days. Treatment with azithromycin (daily dose: 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) resulted in 100% survival at all evaluated doses. Animals receiving 20 mg/kg or more of clarithromycin (daily dose: 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, 60, or 100 mg/kg) had improved survival. Ninety-eight percent of animals treated with telithromycin (daily dose: 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, or 40 mg/kg) survived. We conclude that all agents tested have demonstrated in vivo efficacy in treating acute leptospirosis. These results provide support for further evaluation of macrolide and ketolide antimicrobial agents in human trials. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Murray, CK (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, MCHE MDI-7E,3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Clinton.Murray@amedd.army.mil RI Moon, James/B-6810-2011 OI Moon, James/0000-0002-9274-4554 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1989 EP 1992 DI 10.1128/AAC.01467-05 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 048FE UT WOS:000237932200012 PM 16723556 ER PT J AU Bondarenko, S Ovcharenko, A Shkuratov, Y Videen, G Eversole, J Hart, M AF Bondarenko, Sergey Ovcharenko, Andrey Shkuratov, Yuriy Videen, Gorden Eversole, Jay Hart, Matthew TI Light backscatter by surfaces composed of small spherical particles SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE RANDOM MEDIUM; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; LAYER AB We present measurements of phase angle curves of intensity and degree of linear polarization of powdery surfaces at two spectral bands centered near 0.44 and 0.63 mu m. Three powder samples consisting of nonabsorbing spherical particles of sizes comparable with the wavelengths 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mu m were examined. The particulate surfaces were measured in the phase angle range of 0.2 degrees -50 degrees by two different photometers and/or polarimeters. At small phase angles, powdery samples consisting of spherical particles (having very high albedo that resulted in significant multiple scattering) showed prominent features that corresponded to single-particle scattering. These features became more prominent after compressing the surfaces when we changed the packing density of the powders from 0.29 to 0.48. Noticeable differences were observed between polarimetric curves corresponding to different wavelengths. All the samples demonstrated prominent opposition intensity spikes at phase angles < 2 likely caused by the coherent backscatter enhancement due to multiple scattering within the particulate surface. The intensity phase curves at these two wavelengths were similar. The photopolarimetric measurements may have broad applications to the interpretation of photometry, spectroscopy, and polarimetry of the ice regoliths of high albedo satellites. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Kharkov Natl Univ, Inst Astron, UA-61022 Kharkov, Ukraine. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, CI EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bondarenko, S (reprint author), Kharkov Natl Univ, Inst Astron, 35 Sumskaya St, UA-61022 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM gvideen@arl.army.mil NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 16 BP 3871 EP 3877 DI 10.1364/AO.45.003871 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 047EY UT WOS:000237863800030 PM 16724152 ER PT J AU Hurd, WW Montminy, RJ De Lorenzo, RA Burd, LT Goldman, BS Loftus, TJ AF Hurd, WW Montminy, RJ De Lorenzo, RA Burd, LT Goldman, BS Loftus, TJ TI Physician roles in aeromedical evacuation: Current practices in USAF operations SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE patient transportation; air ambulances; military medicine; emergency medical services AB Physicians play an increasingly important role in the critical medical process of aeromedical evacuation (AE). Incomplete or inappropriate preparation for AE can result in increased patient discomfort, and in the worst cases, potentially serious or insurmountable in-flight medical problems. During military operations and in response to natural disasters, physicians are responsible for four processes necessary for a successful AE mission. These include: 1) AE screening, including determination of appropriate classification, precedence, and special medical requirements; 2) validation; 3) medical preparation; and 4) clearance. Physicians responsible for preparing patients for AE need to understand both the patient evacuation system and the unique medical aspects associated with AE. The U.S. military patient evacuation system is comprised of three principal transportation phases: casualty evacuation; inter-theater AE; and intra-theater AE. Important elements of the USAF AE system are patient movement requirements centers, the validating flight surgeon, aeromedical staging facilities, AE liaison teams, aeromedical crews, and critical care air transport (CCAT) teams. important medical aspects unique to AE include the effects of flight physiology oil medical conditions, oxygen limitations, and distinctive medication and supplies requirements. C1 Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Div Aerosp Med, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. Headquarters Air Force Safety Ctr, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Houston, TX USA. Aerosp Med Flight, Med Grp 436, Dover AFB, DE USA. Crit Care Transport Flight, Aeromed Staging Squadron 445, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Air Mobil Command, Scott AFB, IL USA. RP Hurd, WW (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Div Aerosp Med, 128 E Apple St,3800 Weber Bldg, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. EM william.hurd@wright.edu NR 19 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 77 IS 6 BP 631 EP 638 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 049BX UT WOS:000237991600010 PM 16780242 ER PT J AU Xu, XJ Endrusick, T Laprise, B Santee, W Kolka, M AF Xu, XJ Endrusick, T Laprise, B Santee, W Kolka, M TI Efficiency of liquid cooling garments: Prediction and manikin measurement SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE thermal manikin; heat stress; heat transfer; protective clothing AB Introduction: We studied the efficiency of liquid cooling garments (LCG) and their relationship to the insulation of outer clothing, perfusate inlet temperatures, and environmental conditions by both theoretical analysis and thermal manikin (TM) testing. Methods: An equation to estimate LCG cooling efficiency was developed on the basis of energy balance. Cooling efficiency is a function of the thermal resistance between the TM skin and perfusate in the LCG, the thermal resistance between the environment and the perfusate, and TM skin, ambient, and perfusate temperatures. Three ensembles, a cooling vest (CV) only, CV plus a battle dress uniform (CVB), and CVB plus a battle dress overgarment (CVO), were tested on a sweating TM in dry and wet conditions. The TM surface temperature was maintained at 33 degrees C and the environment was 30 degrees C and 50% RH. The LCG heat removal from the TM was calculated using the power inputs to the TM with and without perfusate flow. Results: The cooling efficiency was increased from similar to 0.45 for CV to similar to 0.70 for CVO in dry experiments and from similar to 0.53 for CV to 0.78 for CVO in wet experiments. Conclusion: With additional outer clothing layers, higher thermal resistances increased the rate of heat removal from the TM surface, and decreased heat gain from the ambient environment, thus increasing efficiency. The perfusate inlet temperature had minimal influence on the efficiency. The equations developed can predict cooling efficiency and heat removal rates under a wider range of environmental conditions. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Biophys & Biomed Modeling Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA USA. RP Xu, XJ (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Biophys & Biomed Modeling Div, Bldg 42,Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM xiaojiang.xu@us.army.mil NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 77 IS 6 BP 644 EP 648 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 049BX UT WOS:000237991600012 PM 16780244 ER PT J AU Horsmon, JR Cao, CJ Khan, AS Gostomski, MV Valdes, JJ O'Connell, KP AF Horsmon, Jennifer R. Cao, Cheng J. Khan, Akbar S. Gostomski, Mark V. Valdes, James J. O'Connell, Kevin P. TI Real-time fluorogenic PCR assays for the detection of entA, the gene encoding staphylococcal enterotoxin A SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE PCR; probe; Staphylococcus aureus; SYBR Green; toxin ID MULTIPLEX PCR; AUREUS ENTEROTOXINS; EXFOLIATIVE TOXINS AB Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is among the most potent of the growing list of known enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus. SEA, a 27 kDa monomeric protein, is encoded by the entA gene. We have developed two real-time fluorogenic PCR assays for the detection of nucleic acid sequences in entA. The assays are useful in detecting and identifying strains of S. aureus that produce SEA and can serve a confirmatory role in determining the presence of SEA in food samples. The assays were tested in two real-time PCR formats, using either dye-labeled DNA probes corresponding to each primer set that are degraded by the 5' exonuclease activity of Taq polymerase, or a PCR master mix that contains the DNA-binding dye SYBR Green. In both formats the assays have a limit of detection of between 1 and 13 copies of a S. aureus genome that contains a copy of entA. Neither assay cross-reacted with genomic DNA isolated from other strains of S. aureus or other species. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSRD ECB RT BM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. SAIC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP O'Connell, KP (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSRD ECB RT BM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM kevin.oconnell1@us.army.mil NR 12 TC 8 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 28 IS 11 BP 823 EP 829 DI 10.1007/s10529-006-9011-0 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 055IU UT WOS:000238444500009 PM 16786248 ER PT J AU Jussel, PC AF Jussel, Paul C. TI The railroad and the state: War, politics, and technology in nineteenth-century America. SO BUSINESS HISTORY REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, War Coll, Dept Mil Strategy Planning & Operat, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Jussel, PC (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Dept Mil Strategy Planning & Operat, Carlisle, PA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL PI BOSTON PA BUSINESS HISTORY REVIEW, 60 HARVARD WAY, BOSTON, MA 02163 USA SN 0007-6805 J9 BUS HIST REV JI Bus. Hist. Rev. PD SUM PY 2006 VL 80 IS 2 BP 348 EP 351 PG 4 WC Business; History Of Social Sciences SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 073VH UT WOS:000239770200008 ER PT J AU Mittendorf, EA Storrer, CE Foley, RJ Harris, K Jama, Y Shriver, CD Ponniah, S Peoples, GE AF Mittendorf, EA Storrer, CE Foley, RJ Harris, K Jama, Y Shriver, CD Ponniah, S Peoples, GE TI Evaluation of the HER2/neu-derived peptide GP2 for use in a peptide-based breast cancer vaccine trial SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; GP2; HER2/neu; peptide vaccine ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; PULSED DENDRITIC CELLS; OVARIAN-CANCER; METASTATIC BREAST; GENETIC-POLYMORPHISM; ANTIGEN; HER-2/NEU; RISK; INDUCTION; MOLECULES AB BACKGROUND. E75 and GP2 are human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2-restricted immunogenic peptides derived from the HER2/neu protein. In a E75 peptide-based vaccine trial, preexisting immunity and epitope spreading to GP2 was detected. The purpose of this study was to further investigate GP2 for potential use in vaccination strategies. Importantly, a naturally occurring polymorphism (I -> V at position 2, 2VGP2) associated with increased breast cancer risk was addressed. METHODS. Prevaccination peripheral blood samples (PBMC) from HLA-A2 breast cancer patients and CD8(+) T cells from HLA-A2 healthy donors were stimulated with autologous dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with GP2 and tested in standard cytotoxicity assays with HER2/neu(+) tumor cells or GP2- or 2VGP2-loaded T2 targets. Additional cytotoxicity experiments used effectors stimulated with DC pulsed with E75, GP2, or the combination of E75+GP2. RESULTS. GP2-stimulated prevaccination PBMC from 28 patients demonstrated killing of MCF-7, SKOV3-A2, and the HLA-A2(-) control target SKOV3 of 28.8 +/- 3.7% (P <.01), 29.5 +/- 4.0% (P < 01), and 16.9 +/- 2.7%, respectively. When compared with E75, GP2-stimulated CD8(+) T cells lysed HER2/neu(+) targets at 43.8 +/- 5.2% versus 44.2 +/- 5.7% for E75 (P =.87). When combined, an additive effect was noted with 58.6 +/- 5.4% lysis (P =.05). GP2-stimulated CD8+ T cells specifically recognized both GP2-loaded (19.6 +/- 5.7%) and 2VGP2-loaded T2 targets (17.7 +/- 5.2%). CONCLUSIONS. GP2 is a clinically relevant HER2/neu-derived peptide with immunogenicity comparable to that of E75. Importantly, GP2-specific effectors recognize 2VGP2-expressing targets; therefore, a GP2 vaccine should be effective in patients carrying this polymorphism. GP2 may be most beneficial used in a multiepitope vaccine. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Clin Breast Care Project, Immunol & Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Clin Breast Care Project, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Peoples, GE (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Clin Breast Care Project, Immunol & Res Ctr, 8901 Wisconsin Ave,Ci3CP 1RC Bldg 139, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM george.peoples@na.amedd.army.mil NR 34 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JUN 1 PY 2006 VL 106 IS 11 BP 2309 EP 2317 DI 10.1002/cncr.21849 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 045TE UT WOS:000237764600001 PM 16596621 ER PT J AU Sorrie, BA Gray, JB Crutchfield, PJ AF Sorrie, Bruce A. Gray, Janet Bracey Crutchfield, Philip J. TI The vascular flora of the longleaf pine ecosystem of Fort Bragg and Weymouth Woods, North Carolina SO CASTANEA LA English DT Article AB This study is a compilation of vascular flora data from previous reports and current findings from 1965 through 2003 of Fort Bragg Military Reservation and Weymouth Woods Sandhills Nature Preserve, located in the Sandhills region of North Carolina. Vascular plants are divided into four major groups: Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms (monocots) and Angiosperms (dicots). Reported for the study area are 143 families, 490 genera, and 1,206 species and infraspecific taxa, of which 203 (16.8%) are alien or adventive. Sixty one species are rare, of which three are federally endangered: Lysimachia asperulifolia, Rhus michauxii, and Schwalbea americana. The following five species are currently known in North Carolina only from study area populations: Carex tenax, Hypericum fasciculatum, Pteroglossaspis ecristata, Rhynchospora crinipes, and Warea cuneifolia. This study documents the importance of Fort Bragg Military Reservation and Weymouth Woods Preserve in contributing to the floristic diversity of the longleaf pine-wiregrass ecosystem. C1 Longleaf Ecol, Whispering Pines, NC 28327 USA. USA, Nat Resources Div, Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. RP Sorrie, BA (reprint author), Longleaf Ecol, 3067 Niagara Carthage Rd, Whispering Pines, NC 28327 USA. EM bruce.sorrie@ncmail.net NR 60 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 20 PU SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BOTANICAL SOCIETY, NEWBERRY COLLEGE PI NEWBERRY PA DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, C/O CHARLES N. HORN, SECRETARY-TREASURER, 2100 COLLEGE ST., NEWBERRY, SC 29108 USA SN 0008-7475 J9 CASTANEA JI Castanea PD JUN PY 2006 VL 71 IS 2 BP 129 EP 161 DI 10.2179/05-02.1 PG 33 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 074QJ UT WOS:000239826600005 ER PT J AU Lopez-Santalla, M Krishnan, S Valeri, AP Aguilera-Montilla, N Fisher, CU Perez-Blas, M Gutierrez-Calvo, A Lasa, I Granell-Vicent, J Tsokos, GC Martin-Villa, JM AF Lopez-Santalla, Mercedes Krishnan, Sandeep Valeri, Anna P. Aguilera-Montilla, Noemi Fisher, Carolyn U. Perez-Blas, Mercedes Gutierrez-Calvo, Alberto Lasa, Inmaculada Granell-Vicent, Javier Tsokos, George C. Martin-Villa, Jose M. TI Defective CD3 zeta chain expression in Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS)-derived T-cell lines in gastric adenocarcinoma (vol 238, pg 113, 2005) SO CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Med, Madrid, Spain. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Hosp Univ Principe Asturias, Serv Cirugia Gen & Aparato Digest, Alcala De Henares, Spain. RP Martin-Villa, JM (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Med, Madrid, Spain. EM jmmvilla@med.ucm.es RI Martin-Villa, Jose M./F-9234-2013; Aguilera-Montilla, Noemi/G-4277-2015; Lopez-Santalla, Mercedes/L-1335-2015 OI Martin-Villa, Jose M./0000-0002-2436-8585; Aguilera-Montilla, Noemi/0000-0002-6925-6069; Lopez-Santalla, Mercedes/0000-0002-8543-8743 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0008-8749 J9 CELL IMMUNOL JI Cell. Immunol. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 241 IS 2 BP 113 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.cellimm.2006.02.008 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA 105BA UT WOS:000242003100007 ER PT J AU Olsen, JR AF Olsen, J. Rolf TI Climate change and floodplain management in the United States SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; TRENDS; PRECIPITATION; FREQUENCY; FLOODS; 20TH-CENTURY; VARIABILITY; STREAMFLOW; FRAMEWORK; EVENTS AB Federal agencies use flood frequency estimates to delineate flood risk, manage the National Flood Insurance Program, and ensure that Federal programs are economically efficient. The assumption behind traditional flood risk analysis is that climate is stationary, but anthropogenic climate change and better knowledge of interdecadal climate variability challenge the validity of the assumption. This paper reviews several alternative statistical models for flood risk estimation that do not assume climate stationarity. Some models require subjective judgement or presuppose an understanding of the causes of the underlying non-stationarity, which is problematic given our current knowledge of the interaction of climate and floods. Although currently out of favor, hydrometeorological models have been used for engineering design as alternatives to statistical models and could be adapted to different climate conditions. Floodplain managers should recognize the potentially greater uncertainty in flood risk estimation due to climate change and variability and try to incorporate the uncertainties into floodplain management decision-making and regulation. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, CEIWR PD, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Olsen, JR (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resources, CEIWR PD, Casey Bldg,7701 Telegraph Rd, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. EM j.rolf.olsen@iwr01.usace.army.mil NR 62 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JUN PY 2006 VL 76 IS 3-4 BP 407 EP 426 DI 10.1007/s10584-005-9020-3 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 065NJ UT WOS:000239166300008 ER PT J AU Fulco, CS Muza, SR Ditzler, D Lammi, E Lewis, SF Cymerman, A AF Fulco, CS Muza, SR Ditzler, D Lammi, E Lewis, SF Cymerman, A TI Effect of acetazolamide on leg endurance exercise at sea level and simulated altitude SO CLINICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acute mountain sickness; acetazolamide; fatigue; hypoxia; isolated muscle exercise; metabolic acidosis; ventilation ID ACUTE MOUNTAIN-SICKNESS; ACID-BASE STATES; HYPOXIC EXERCISE; MAXIMAL EXERCISE; MUSCLE FATIGUE; BLOOD LACTATE; RESPONSES; HUMANS; PERFORMANCE; VENTILATION AB Acetazolamide can be taken at sea level to prevent acute mountain sickness during subsequent altitude exposure. Acetazolamide causes metabolic acidosis at sea level and altitude, and increases SaO(2) (arterial oxygen saturation) at altitude. The aim of the present study was to determine whether acetazolamide impairs muscle endurance at sea level but not simulated altitude (4300 m for < 3 h). Six subjects (20 +/- 1 years of age; mean +/- S.E.M.) performed exhaustive constant work rate one-leg knee-extension exercise (25 +/- 2 W) once a week for 4 weeks, twice at sea level and twice at altitude. Each week, subjects took either acetazolamide (250 mg) or placebo orally in a double-blind fashion (three times a day) for 2 days. On day 2, all exercise bouts began approx. 2.5 h after the last dose of acetazolamide or placebo. Acetazolamide caused similar acidosis (pH) in all subjects at sea level (7.43 +/- 0.01 with placebo compared with 7.34 +/- 0.01 with acetazolamide; P < 0.05) and altitude (7.48 +/- 0.03 with placebo compared with 7.37 +/- 0.01 with acetazolamide; P < 0.05). However, endurance performance was impaired with acetazolamide only at sea level (48 +/- 4 min with placebo compared with 36 +/- 5 min with acetazolamide; P < 0.05), but not altitude (17 +/- 2 min with placebo compared with 20 +/- 3 min with acetazolamide; P = not significant). In conclusion, lack of impairment of endurance performance by acetazolamide compared with placebo at altitude was probably due to off-setting secondary effects resulting from acidosis, e.g. ventilatory induced increase in Sao(2) for acetazolamide compared with placebo (89 +/- 1 compared with 86 +/- 1% respectively; P < 0.05), which resulted in an increased oxygen pressure gradient from capillary to exercising muscle. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Boston Univ, Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Fulco, CS (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM Charles.fulco@us.army.mil NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0143-5221 J9 CLIN SCI JI Clin. Sci. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 110 IS 6 BP 683 EP 692 DI 10.1042/CS20050233 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 051RO UT WOS:000238178600008 PM 16499476 ER PT J AU Pastel, RH Demmin, G Severson, G Torres-Cruz, R Trevino, J Kelly, J Arrison, J Christman, J AF Pastel, Ross H. Demmin, Gretchen Severson, Grant Torres-Cruz, Rafael Trevino, Jorge Kelly, John Arrison, Jay Christman, Joy TI Clinical laboratories, the Select Agent Program, and biological surety (biosurety) SO CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The threat of bioterrorism has led to increased concerns over the availability of biological select agents and toxins (BSAT). Congress has implemented several public laws that have led to the development of federal regulations by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the US Department of Agriculture. The CDC regulation 42 CFR 73 has a direct impact on all clinical laboratories that may at some time identify BSAT in a clinical specimen. The Department of Defense has imposed a more stringent layer of regulation called biological surety (biosurety) on top of the requirements of 42 CFR 73 for military laboratories that possess BSAT. However, 42 CFR 73 falls into the framework of biosurety. Both sets of regulations have four pillars (safety, physical security, agent accountability, and personnel reliability) that are built on a foundation of training and covered by a roof of management (operations and plans). C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Pastel, RH (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM ross.pastel@amedd.army.mil NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-2712 J9 CLIN LAB MED JI Clin. Lab. Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 299 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cll.2006.03.004 PG 15 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 075GH UT WOS:000239871800003 PM 16815454 ER PT J AU Marty, AM Jahrling, PB Gelsbert, TW AF Marty, Aileen M. Jahrling, Peter B. Gelsbert, Thomas W. TI Viral hemorrhagic fevers SO CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID RIFT-VALLEY FEVER; HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; EBOLA-VIRUS-INFECTION; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION; LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS NS2A; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; NEW-WORLD ARENAVIRUSES AB A taxonomically diverse set of single-stranded ribonucleic acid (ssRNA) viruses from four diverse viral families Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, and Flaviviridae cause an acute systemic febrile syndrome called viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF). The syndrome produces combinations of prostration, malaise, increased vascular permeability, and coagulation maladies. In severe illness, VHF may include generalized bleeding but the bleeding does not typically constitute a life-threatening loss of blood volume. To a certain extent, it is a sign of damage to the vascular endothelium and is an indicator of disease severity in specific target organs. Although the viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever W) can productively replicate in endothelial cells, much of the disease pathology including impairment to the vascular system is thought to result primarily from the release of a variety of mediators from virus-infected cells, such as monocytes and macrophages that subsequently alter vascular function and trigger the coagulation disorders that epitomize these infections. While significant progress has been made over the last several years in dissecting out the molecular biology and pathogenesis of the HF viruses, there are currently no vaccines or drugs licensed available for most of the VHFs. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. NIAID, Integrated Res Facil, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Marty, AM (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Suite 601,1550 Crystal Dr, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM martya@battelle.org NR 321 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 13 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-2712 EI 1557-9832 J9 CLIN LAB MED JI Clin. Lab. Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 345 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cll.2006.05.001 PG 44 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 075GH UT WOS:000239871800006 PM 16815457 ER PT J AU Salzman, M Madsen, JM Greenberg, MI AF Salzman, Matthew Madsen, James M. Greenberg, Michael I. TI Toxins: Bacterial and marine toxins SO CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID ANTHRAX LETHAL FACTOR; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; AMNESIC SHELLFISH POISON; DOMOIC ACID INTOXICATION; HEAT-LABILE ENTEROTOXIN; RAT-BRAIN SYNAPTOSOMES; GATED SODIUM-CHANNELS; CHOLERA-TOXIN; BOTULINUM TOXIN AB The term toxin refers in a specific way to a toxic substance of biologic origin; that is, a true toxin is a poison produced by a living organism. The purpose of this article is to review some of the most potentially dangerous toxins of concern today. Mechanisms of action, routes of exposure, diagnostic tools, and treatment recommendations are addressed. In addition, current therapeutic uses for certain toxins are discussed. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Chem Casualty Care Div, ATTN MCMR CDM,COL Madsen, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Dept Emergency Med, Philadelphia, PA 19129 USA. RP Madsen, JM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Chem Casualty Care Div, ATTN MCMR CDM,COL Madsen, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM jmmadsen@mail.com NR 132 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-2712 J9 CLIN LAB MED JI Clin. Lab. Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 397 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cll.2006.04.003 PG 24 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 075GH UT WOS:000239871800008 PM 16815459 ER PT J AU Mattix, ME Zeman, DH Moeller, R Jackson, C Larsen, T AF Mattix, Marc E. Zeman, David H. Moeller, Robert Jackson, Carney Larsen, Thomas TI Clinicopathologic aspects of animal and zoonotic diseases of bioterrorism SO CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID RIFT-VALLEY FEVER; FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS STRAINS; COXIELLA-BURNETII INFECTION; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; COYOTES CANIS-LATRANS; NUMBER TANDEM REPEAT; YERSINIA-PESTIS; SAUDI-ARABIA; ULCEROGLANDULAR TULAREMIA; ACANTHAMOEBA-CASTELLANII AB We live in an era of emerging infectious diseases and the threat of bioterrorism. Most of the infectious agents of modern concern, from plague to avian influenza H5N1, are zoonotic diseases: infectious agents that reside in quiet animal reservoir cycles that are transmitted occasionally to humans. The public health, health care, and veterinary communities have an enormous challenge in the early recognition, reporting, treatment, and prevention of zoonotic diseases. An intimate understanding of the natural ecology, geographic distribution, clinical signs, lesions, and diagnosis of these diseases is essential for the early recognition and control of these diseases. C1 Reg Western Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Univ Calif, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab, Tulare, CA 93274 USA. Univ Kentucky, Livestock Dis Diagnost Ctr, Lexington, KY 40512 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Mattix, ME (reprint author), Reg Western Pathol, 6941 Bristol Lane, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM rwpath@montanadsl.net NR 213 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-2712 J9 CLIN LAB MED JI Clin. Lab. Med. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 26 IS 2 BP 445 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cll.2006.03.010 PG 46 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 075GH UT WOS:000239871800010 PM 16815461 ER PT J AU Conti, G AF Conti, G TI Hacking and innovation SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Conti, G (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM conti@acm.org NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD JUN PY 2006 VL 49 IS 6 BP 33 EP 36 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 043TH UT WOS:000237624000015 ER PT J AU Rajendran, AM Ashmawi, WM Zikry, MA AF Rajendran, AM Ashmawi, WM Zikry, MA TI The modeling of the shock response of powdered ceramic materials SO COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE powdered ceramic; alumina; shock response; wave propagation; computational formulation; plate impact; two-cap model; inelastic yielding; shock-dependent plasticity ID BRITTLE MATERIALS; DEFORMATION; STRENGTH; FAILURE; DAMAGE; ROCK AB A two-cap constitutive model that incorporates inelastic yielding, frictional sliding, and densification was modified for shock-loading applications, and used to model shock-wave propagation of a powdered ceramic that is constrained by aluminum layers in a system, which is impacted by a flyer plate. The numerical results included analyses of the effects of shock stress amplitudes on densification, unloading behaviors, stress attenuation and dispersion, and stress and pressure distributions. An understanding of how interfacial impedances affect shock-front attenuation, dispersion, and propagation were obtained through modeling different shock-load conditions. The constitutive and computational models were validated with detailed simulations of shock-front experiments pertaining to powdered ceramics. It is shown how shock amplitude duration and rise time are related to stress evolution, and how physically limiting values result in inelastic damage. This analysis underscores how modeling with the appropriate constitutive description can provide insights on how powdered ceramics behave under impact-loading conditions. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Zikry, MA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM zikry@ncsu.edu RI Rajendran, Arunachalam/A-1615-2010 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-7675 J9 COMPUT MECH JI Comput. Mech. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 38 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1007/s00466-005-0712-3 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 028QA UT WOS:000236501700001 ER PT J AU Lasater, MS Kelley, CT Salinger, AG Woolard, DL Zhao, P AF Lasater, M. S. Kelley, C. T. Salinger, A. G. Woolard, D. L. Zhao, P. TI Parallel parameter study of the Wigner-Poisson equations for RTDs SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Applications to Business, Engineering and Sciences CY SEP 13-16, 2004 CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Wuhan Univ Technol, Minist Educ, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, SUN Microsyst, Hong Kong Headquarters, Int Sci & Technol Cooperat Assoc Hubei Prov, Comp Acad Assoc Hubei Prov & Wuhan Metropolis DE Wigner-Poisson equation; resonant tunneling diode; continuation; LOCA; scalability AB We will discuss a parametric study of the solution of the Wigner-Poisson equations for resonant tunneling diodes. These structures exhibit self-sustaining oscillations in certain operating regimes. We will describe the engineering consequences of our study and how it is a significant advance from some previous work, which used much coarser grids. We use LOCA and other packages in the Trilinos framework from Sandia National Laboratory to enable efficient parallelization of the solution methods and to perform bifurcation analysis of this model. We report on the parallel efficiency and scalability of our implementation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Ctr Res Sci Compuatat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. US Army Res Off, US Army Res Lab, RTP, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Lasater, MS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Ctr Res Sci Compuatat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mslasate@unity.ncsu.edu; tim_kelley@ncsu.edu; agsalin@sandia.gov; dwight.woolard@us.army.mil; pzhao@eos.ncsu.edu RI Kelley, Carl/A-4549-2008 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 51 IS 11 BP 1677 EP 1688 DI 10.1016/j.camwa.2006.05.006 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 067VT UT WOS:000239331400006 ER PT J AU Graham, J Zheng, LY Gonzalez, C AF Graham, J Zheng, LY Gonzalez, C TI A cognitive approach to game usability and design: Mental model development in novice real-time strategy gamers SO CYBERPSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article AB We developed a technique to observe and characterize a novice real-time-strategy (RTS) player's mental model as it shifts with experience. We then tested this technique using an off-the-shelf RTS game, EA Games Generals. Norman defined mental models as, "an internal representation of a target system that provides predictive and explanatory power to the operator." In the case of RTS games, the operator is the player and the target system is expressed by the relationships within the game. We studied five novice participants in laboratory-controlled conditions playing a RTS game. They played Command and Conquer Generals for 2 h per day over the course of 5 days. A mental model analysis was generated using player dissimilarity-ratings of the game's artificial intelligence (AI) agents analyzed using multidimensional scaling (MDS) statistical methods. We hypothesized that novices would begin with an impoverished model based on the visible physical characteristics of the game system. As they gained experience and insight, their mental models would shift and accommodate the functional characteristics of the AI agents. We found that all five of the novice participants began with the predicted physical-based mental model. However, while their models did qualitatively shift with experience, they did not necessarily change to the predicted functional-based model. This research presents an opportunity for the design of games that are guided by shifts in a player's mental model as opposed to the typical progression through successive performance levels. C1 US Mil Acad, Engn Psychol Lab, West Point, NY 10996 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Human Comp Interact Inst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Social & Decis Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Graham, J (reprint author), Box 109, West Point, NY 10997 USA. EM Lj8736@usma.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1094-9313 J9 CYBERPSYCHOL BEHAV JI CyberPsychol. Behav. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 9 IS 3 BP 361 EP 366 DI 10.1089/cpb.2006.9.361 PG 6 WC Communication; Psychology, Applied SC Communication; Psychology GA 060FX UT WOS:000238789000011 PM 16780404 ER EF